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Mijač M, Ljubin-Sternak S, Ivković-Jureković I, Vraneš J. Comparison of MT-PCR with Quantitative PCR for Human Bocavirus in Respiratory Samples with Multiple Respiratory Viruses Detection. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:diagnostics13050846. [PMID: 36899990 PMCID: PMC10001063 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13050846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Human bocavirus (HBoV) is an important respiratory pathogen, especially in children, but it is often found in co-detection with other respiratory viruses, which makes the diagnostic approach challenging. We compared multiplex PCR and quantitative PCR for HBoV with multiplex tandem PCR (MT-PCR) in 55 cases of co-detection of HBoV and other respiratory viruses. In addition, we investigated whether there is a connection between the severity of the disease, measured by the localization of the infection, and amount of virus detected in the respiratory secretions. No statistically significant difference was found, but children with large amount of HBoV and other respiratory virus had a longer stay in hospital.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Mijač
- Molecular Microbiology Department, Dr. Andrija Štampar Teaching Institute of Public Health, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Medical Microbiology Department, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Correspondence:
| | - Sunčanica Ljubin-Sternak
- Molecular Microbiology Department, Dr. Andrija Štampar Teaching Institute of Public Health, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Medical Microbiology Department, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Irena Ivković-Jureković
- Department of Pulmonology, Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Children’s Hospital Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Faculty for Dental Medicine and Healthcare, School of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Jasmina Vraneš
- Molecular Microbiology Department, Dr. Andrija Štampar Teaching Institute of Public Health, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Medical Microbiology Department, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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Rutten I, Daems D, Leirs K, Lammertyn J. Highly Sensitive Multiplex Detection of Molecular Biomarkers Using Hybridization Chain Reaction in an Encoded Particle Microfluidic Platform. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:100. [PMID: 36671935 PMCID: PMC9856145 DOI: 10.3390/bios13010100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In the continuous combat against diseases, there is the need for tools that enable an improved diagnostic efficiency towards higher information density combined with reduced time-to-result and cost. Here, a novel fully integrated microfluidic platform, the Evalution™, is evaluated as a potential solution to this need. Encoded microparticles combined with channel-based microfluidics allow a fast, sensitive and simultaneous detection of several disease-related biomarkers. Since the binary code is represented by physically present holes, 210 different codes can be created that will not be altered by light or chemically induced degradation. Exploiting the unique features of this multiplex platform, hybridization chain reaction (HCR) is explored as a generic approach to reach the desired sensitivity. Compared to a non-amplified reference system, the sensitivity was drastically improved by a factor of 104, down to low fM LOD values. Depending on the HCR duration, the assay can be tuned for sensitivity or total assay time, as desired. The huge potential of this strategy was further demonstrated by the successful detection of a multiplex panel of six different nucleic acid targets including viruses and bacteria. The ability to not only discriminate these two categories but, with the same effort, also virus strains (human adenovirus and human bocavirus), virus subtypes (human adenovirus type B and D) and antibiotic-resistant bacteria (Streptococcus pneumonia), exemplifies the specificity of the developed approach. The effective, yet highly simplified, isothermal and protein-enzyme-free signal amplification tool reaches an LOD ranging from as low as 33 ± 4 to 151 ± 12 fM for the different targets. Moreover, direct detection in a clinically relevant sample matrix was verified, resulting in a detection limit of 309 ± 80 fM, approximating the low fM levels detectable with the gold standard analysis method, PCR, without the drawbacks related to protein enzymes, thermal cycling and elaborate sample preparation steps. The reported strategy can be directly transferred as a generic approach for the sensitive and specific detection of various target molecules in multiplex. In combination with the high-throughput capacity and reduced reagent consumption, the Evalution™ demonstrates immense potential in the next generation of diagnostic tools towards more personalized medicine.
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The large nonstructural protein (NS1) of the human bocavirus 1 (HBoV1) directly interacts with Ku70, which plays an important role in virus replication in human airway epithelia. J Virol 2021; 96:e0184021. [PMID: 34878919 PMCID: PMC8865542 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01840-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Human bocavirus 1 (HBoV1), an autonomous human parvovirus, causes acute respiratory tract infections in young children. HBoV1 infects well-differentiated (polarized) human airway epithelium cultured at an air-liquid interface (HAE-ALI). HBoV1 expresses a large nonstructural protein, NS1, that is essential for viral DNA replication. HBoV1 infection of polarized human airway epithelial cells induces a DNA damage response (DDR) that is critical to viral DNA replication involving DNA repair with error-free Y-family DNA polymerases. HBoV1 NS1 or the isoform NS1-70 per se induces a DDR. In this study, using the second-generation proximity-dependent biotin identification (BioID2) approach, we identified that Ku70 is associated with the NS1-BioID2 pulldown complex through a direct interaction with NS1. Biolayer interferometry (BLI) assay determined a high binding affinity of NS1 with Ku70, which has an equilibrium dissociation constant (KD) value of 0.16 μM and processes the strongest interaction at the C-terminal domain. The association of Ku70 with NS1 was also revealed during HBoV1 infection of HAE-ALI. Knockdown of Ku70 and overexpression of the C-terminal domain of Ku70 significantly decreased HBoV1 replication in HAE-ALI. Thus, our study provides, for the first time, a direct interaction of parvovirus large nonstructural protein NS1 with Ku70. IMPORTANCE Parvovirus infection induces a DNA damage response (DDR) that plays a pivotal role in viral DNA replication. The DDR includes activation of ATM (ataxia telangiectasia mutated), ATR (ATM- and RAD3-related), and DNA-PKcs (DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit). The large nonstructural protein (NS1) often plays a role in the induction of DDR; however, how the DDR is induced during parvovirus infection or simply by the NS1 is not well studied. Activation of DNA-PKcs has been shown as one of the key DDR pathways in DNA replication of HBoV1. We identified that HBoV1 NS1 directly interacts with Ku70, but not Ku80, of the Ku70/Ku80 heterodimer at high affinity. This interaction is also important for HBoV1 replication in HAE-ALI. We propose that the interaction of NS1 with Ku70 recruits the Ku70/Ku80 complex to the viral DNA replication center, which activates DNA-PKcs and facilitates viral DNA replication.
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Yan Z, Deng X, Qiu J. Human Bocavirus 1 Infection of Well-Differentiated Human Airway Epithelium. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 58:e107. [PMID: 32639683 DOI: 10.1002/cpmc.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Human bocavirus 1 (HBoV1) is a small DNA virus that belongs to the Bocaparvovirus genus of the Parvoviridae family. HBoV1 is a common respiratory pathogen that causes mild to life-threatening acute respiratory tract infections in children and immunocompromised individuals, infecting both the upper and lower respiratory tracts. HBoV1 infection causes death of airway epithelial cells, resulting in airway injury and inflammation. In vitro, HBoV1 only infects well-differentiated (polarized) human airway epithelium cultured at an air-liquid interface (HAE-ALI), but not any dividing human cells. A full-length HBoV1 genome of 5543 nucleotides has been cloned from DNA extracted from a human nasopharyngeal swab into a plasmid called HBoV1 infectious clone pIHBoV1. Transfection of pIHBoV1 replicates efficiently in human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK293) cells and produces virions that are highly infectious. This article describes protocols for production of HBoV1 in HEK293 cells, generation of HAE-ALI cultures, and infection with HBoV1 in HAE-ALI. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol 1: Human bocavirus 1 production in HEK293 cells Support Protocol 1: HEK293 cell culture and transfection Support Protocol 2: Quantification of human bocavirus 1 using real-time quantitative PCR Basic Protocol 2: Differentiation of human airway cells at an air-liquid interface Support Protocol 3: Expansion of human airway epithelial cell line CuFi-8 Support Protocol 4: Expansion of human airway basal cells Support Protocol 5: Coating of plastic dishes and permeable membranes of inserts Support Protocol 6: Transepithelial electrical resistance measurement Basic Protocol 3: Human bocavirus 1 infection in human airway epithelium cultured at an air-liquid interface Support Protocol 7: Isolation of infected human airway epithelium cells from inserts Basic Protocol 4: Transduction of airway basal cells with lentiviral vector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziying Yan
- Department of Anatomy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Xuefeng Deng
- Department of Microbiology, Molecular Genetics and Immunology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Jianming Qiu
- Department of Microbiology, Molecular Genetics and Immunology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
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Malta FC, Varella RB, Guimarães MAAM, Miagostovich MP, Fumian TM. Human Bocavirus in Brazil: Molecular Epidemiology, Viral Load and Co-Infections. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9080645. [PMID: 32785066 PMCID: PMC7459459 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9080645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Human bocavirus (HBoV) is an emerging virus and has been detected worldwide, especially in pediatric patients with respiratory and gastrointestinal infection. In this study, we describe HBoV prevalence, genotypes circulation and DNA shedding, in stool samples from children up to two years of age in Brazil. During 2016 and 2017, 886 acute gastroenteritis (AGE) stool samples from ten Brazilian states were analyzed by TaqMan®-based qPCR, to detect and quantify HBoV. Positive samples were genotyped by sequencing the VP1/2 overlap region, followed by phylogenetic analysis and co-infections were accessed by screening other gastroenteric viruses. HBoV was detected in 12.4% (n = 110) of samples, with viral load ranging from 1.6 × 102 to 1.2 × 109 genome copies per gram of stool. From these, co-infections were found in 79.1%, and a statistically lower HBoV viral load was found compared to viral loads of rotavirus, norovirus and adenovirus in double infected patients (p < 0.05). No significant differences were found between HBoV viral load in single or co-infections, age groups or genotypes. Phylogenetic analysis identified the circulation of HBoV-1 in 38%, HBoV-2 in 40% and HBoV-3 in 22%. Continuous HBoV monitoring is needed to clarify its role in diarrhea disease, especially in the absence of classic gastroenteric viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fábio Correia Malta
- Laboratory of Comparative and Environmental Virology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil; (F.C.M.); (M.P.M.)
- Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, School of Medicine, Clementino Fraga Filho University Hospital, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-590, Brazil;
| | - Rafael Brandão Varella
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Institute Biomedical, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói 24210-130, Brazil;
| | - Maria Angelica Arpon Marandino Guimarães
- Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, School of Medicine, Clementino Fraga Filho University Hospital, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-590, Brazil;
| | - Marize Pereira Miagostovich
- Laboratory of Comparative and Environmental Virology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil; (F.C.M.); (M.P.M.)
| | - Tulio Machado Fumian
- Laboratory of Comparative and Environmental Virology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil; (F.C.M.); (M.P.M.)
- Correspondence: or
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Nelson PP, Rath BA, Fragkou PC, Antalis E, Tsiodras S, Skevaki C. Current and Future Point-of-Care Tests for Emerging and New Respiratory Viruses and Future Perspectives. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:181. [PMID: 32411619 PMCID: PMC7202255 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The availability of pathogen-specific treatment options for respiratory tract infections (RTIs) increased the need for rapid diagnostic tests. Besides, retrospective studies, improved lab-based detection methods and the intensified search for new viruses since the beginning of the twenty-first century led to the discovery of several novel respiratory viruses. Among them are human bocavirus (HBoV), human coronaviruses (HCoV-HKU1, -NL63), human metapneumovirus (HMPV), rhinovirus type C (RV-C), and human polyomaviruses (KIPyV, WUPyV). Additionally, new viruses like SARS coronavirus (SARS-CoV), MERS coronavirus (MERS-CoV), novel strains of influenza virus A and B, and (most recently) SARS coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) have emerged. Although clinical presentation may be similar among different viruses, associated symptoms may range from a mild cold to a severe respiratory illness, and thus require a fast and reliable diagnosis. The increasing number of commercially available rapid point-of-care tests (POCTs) for respiratory viruses illustrates both the need for this kind of tests but also the problem, i.e., that the majority of such assays has significant limitations. In this review, we summarize recently published characteristics of POCTs and discuss their implications for the treatment of RTIs. The second key aspect of this work is a description of new and innovative diagnostic techniques, ranging from biosensors to novel portable and current lab-based nucleic acid amplification methods with the potential future use in point-of-care settings. While prototypes for some methods already exist, other ideas are still experimental, but all of them give an outlook of what can be expected as the next generation of POCTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp P Nelson
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Philipps University Marburg, German Center for Lung Research (DZL) Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Barbara A Rath
- Vienna Vaccine Safety Initiative - Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Vaccines, Berlin, Germany.,UMR Chrono-Environnement, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France.,ESCMID Study Group for Respiratory Viruses (ESGREV), Basel, Switzerland
| | - Paraskevi C Fragkou
- ESCMID Study Group for Respiratory Viruses (ESGREV), Basel, Switzerland.,4th Department of Internal Medicine, Attikon University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Emmanouil Antalis
- 4th Department of Internal Medicine, Attikon University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Sotirios Tsiodras
- ESCMID Study Group for Respiratory Viruses (ESGREV), Basel, Switzerland.,4th Department of Internal Medicine, Attikon University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Chrysanthi Skevaki
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Philipps University Marburg, German Center for Lung Research (DZL) Marburg, Marburg, Germany.,ESCMID Study Group for Respiratory Viruses (ESGREV), Basel, Switzerland
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Comparison of phenotypic and genotypic diagnosis of acute human bocavirus 1 infection in children. J Clin Virol 2019; 120:17-19. [PMID: 31521013 PMCID: PMC7106360 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2019.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Diagnosis of HBoV1 has been based on detection of DNA or mRNA. Rapid HBoV1 antigen detection is beneficial for diagnosing acute HBoV1 infections. HBoV1 antigen detection is attractive for point-of-care use.
Background Diagnosis of human bocavirus 1 (HBoV1) has been based on qualitative PCRs detecting HBoV1 DNA or detection of HBoV1 mRNA. Objective This study aims to assess whether a rapid and automated HBoV1 antigen test is suitable for diagnosis of acute HBoV1 infection. Study design HBoV1 antigen detection has been compared with quantitative HBoV1 DNA PCR and HBoV1 mRNA RT-PCR. Results and conclusion We conclude that HBoV1 antigen detection has higher clinical specificity and positive predictive value than HBoV1 DNA qualitative PCRs, yet a lower sensitivity than HBoV1 mRNA detection. Additionally, HBoV1 antigen detection is beneficial in its rapidity and availability as a point-of-care test.
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Abstract
Parvoviruses are structurally simple viruses with linear single-stranded DNA genomes and nonenveloped icosahedral capsids. They infect a wide range of animals from insects to humans. Parvovirus B19 is a long-known human pathogen, whereas adeno-associated viruses are nonpathogenic. Since 2005, many parvoviruses have been discovered in human-derived samples: bocaviruses 1-4, parvovirus 4, bufavirus, tusavirus, and cutavirus. Some human parvoviruses have already been shown to cause disease during acute infection, some are associated with chronic diseases, and others still remain to be proven clinically relevant-or harmless commensals, a distinction not as apparent as it might seem. One initially human-labeled parvovirus might not even be a human virus, whereas another was originally overlooked due to inadequate diagnostics. The intention of this review is to follow the rocky road of emerging human parvoviruses from discovery of a DNA sequence to current and future clinical status, highlighting the perils along the way.
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Christensen A, Kesti O, Elenius V, Eskola AL, Døllner H, Altunbulakli C, Akdis CA, Söderlund-Venermo M, Jartti T. Human bocaviruses and paediatric infections. THE LANCET CHILD & ADOLESCENT HEALTH 2019; 3:418-426. [PMID: 30948251 DOI: 10.1016/s2352-4642(19)30057-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Human bocavirus 1 (HBoV1), belonging to the Parvoviridae family, was discovered in 2005, in nasopharyngeal samples from children with respiratory tract infections. Three additional bocaviruses, HBoV2-4, were discovered in 2009-10. These viruses have mainly been found in faecal samples and their role in human diseases is still uncertain. HBoV1 causes a wide spectrum of respiratory diseases in children, including common cold, acute otitis media, pneumonia, bronchiolitis, and asthma exacerbations. HBoV1 DNA can persist in airway secretions for months after an acute infection. Consequently, acute HBoV1 infection cannot be diagnosed with standard DNA PCR; quantitative PCR and serology are better diagnostic approaches. Because of their high clinical specificity, diagnostic developments such as HBoV1 mRNA and antigen detection have shown promising results. This Review summarises the knowledge on human bocaviruses, with a special focus on HBoV1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Christensen
- Department of Medical Microbiology, St Olavs Hospital, Trondheim, Norway; Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Olli Kesti
- Department of Paediatrics, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Varpu Elenius
- Department of Paediatrics, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Anna L Eskola
- Department of Education, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Henrik Døllner
- Department of Pediatrics, St Olavs Hospital, Trondheim, Norway; Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Can Altunbulakli
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research, University of Zürich and Christine Kühne-Center for Allergy Research and Education, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Cezmi A Akdis
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research, University of Zürich and Christine Kühne-Center for Allergy Research and Education, Davos, Switzerland
| | | | - Tuomas Jartti
- Department of Paediatrics, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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Proenca-Modena JL, de Souza Cardoso R, Criado MF, Milanez GP, de Souza WM, Parise PL, Bertol JW, de Jesus BLS, Prates MCM, Silva ML, Buzatto GP, Demarco RC, Valera FCP, Tamashiro E, Anselmo-Lima WT, Arruda E. Human adenovirus replication and persistence in hypertrophic adenoids and palatine tonsils in children. J Med Virol 2019; 91:1250-1262. [PMID: 30815882 PMCID: PMC7166372 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.25441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The role of human adenovirus (HAdV) infection in different acute diseases, such as febrile exudative tonsillitis, conjunctivitis, and pharyngoconjunctival fever is well established. However, the relationships, if any, of HAdV persistence and reactivation in the development of the chronic adenotonsillar disease is not fully understood. The present paper reports a 3-year cross-sectional hospital-based study aimed at detecting and quantifying HAdV DNA and mRNA of the HAdV hexon gene in adenoid and palatine tonsil tissues and nasopharyngeal secretions (NPS) from patients with adenotonsillar hypertrophy or recurrent adenotonsillitis. HAdV C, B, and E were detectable in nearly 50% of the patients, with no association with the severity of airway obstruction, nor with the presence of recurrent tonsillitis, sleep apnea or otitis media with effusion (OME). Despite the higher rates of respiratory viral coinfections in patients with HAdV, the presence of other viruses, including DNA and RNA viruses, had no association with HAdV replication or shedding in secretions. Higher HAdV loads in adenoids showed a significant positive correlation with the presence of sleep apnea and the absence of OME. Although this study indicates that a significant proportion (~85%) of individuals with chronic adenotonsillar diseases have persistent nonproductive HAdV infection, including those by HAdV C, B, and E, epithelial and subepithelial cells in tonsils seem to be critical for HAdV C production and shedding in NPS in some patients, since viral antigen was detected in these regions by immunohistochemistry in four patients, all of which were also positive for HAdV mRNA detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Luiz Proenca-Modena
- Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ricardo de Souza Cardoso
- Department of Cell Biology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Miriã Ferreira Criado
- Department of Cell Biology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Cell Biology, Virology Research Center, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Paier Milanez
- Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - William Marciel de Souza
- Department of Cell Biology, Virology Research Center, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Pierina Lorencini Parise
- Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jéssica Wildgrube Bertol
- Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruna Lais Santos de Jesus
- Department of Cell Biology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Maria Lúcia Silva
- Department of Cell Biology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Cell Biology, Virology Research Center, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Pietrucci Buzatto
- Department of Ophthalmology, Otorhinolaryngology, and Head and Neck Surgery, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Cassiano Demarco
- Department of Ophthalmology, Otorhinolaryngology, and Head and Neck Surgery, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fabiana Cardoso Pereira Valera
- Department of Ophthalmology, Otorhinolaryngology, and Head and Neck Surgery, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Edwin Tamashiro
- Department of Ophthalmology, Otorhinolaryngology, and Head and Neck Surgery, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Wilma Terezinha Anselmo-Lima
- Department of Ophthalmology, Otorhinolaryngology, and Head and Neck Surgery, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eurico Arruda
- Department of Cell Biology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Cell Biology, Virology Research Center, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
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Rikhotso MC, Kabue JP, Ledwaba SE, Traoré AN, Potgieter N. Prevalence of Human Bocavirus in Africa and Other Developing Countries between 2005 and 2016: A Potential Emerging Viral Pathogen for Diarrhea. J Trop Med 2018; 2018:7875482. [PMID: 30275840 PMCID: PMC6157109 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7875482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human Bocavirus (HBoV) is an emerging virus discovered in 2005 from individuals suffering gastroenteritis and respiratory tract infections. Numerous studies related to the epidemiology and pathogenesis of HBoV have been conducted worldwide. This review reports on HBoV studies in individuals with acute gastroenteritis, with and without respiratory tract infections in Africa between 2005 and 2016. MATERIAL AND METHOD The search engines of PubMed, Google Scholar, and Embase database for published articles of HBoV were used to obtain data between 2005 and 2016. The search words included were as follows: studies performed in Africa or/other developing countries or/worldwide; studies for the detection of HBoV in patients with/without diarrhea and respiratory tract infection; studies using standardized laboratory techniques for detection. RESULTS The search yielded a total of 756 publications with 70 studies meeting the inclusion criteria. Studies included children and individuals of all age groups. HBoV prevalence in Africa was 13% in individuals suffering gastroenteritis with/without respiratory tract infection. CONCLUSION Reports suggest that HBoV infections are increasingly being recognized worldwide. Therefore, surveillance of individuals suffering from infections in Africa is required to monitor the prevalence of HBoV and help understand the role of HBoV in individuals suffering from gastroenteritis with/without respiratory tract infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mpumelelo Casper Rikhotso
- Department of Microbiology, School of Mathematical and Natural Science, University of Venda, Thohoyandou, South Africa
| | - Jean Pierre Kabue
- Department of Microbiology, School of Mathematical and Natural Science, University of Venda, Thohoyandou, South Africa
| | - Solanka Ellen Ledwaba
- Department of Microbiology, School of Mathematical and Natural Science, University of Venda, Thohoyandou, South Africa
| | - Afsatou Ndama Traoré
- Department of Microbiology, School of Mathematical and Natural Science, University of Venda, Thohoyandou, South Africa
| | - Natasha Potgieter
- Department of Microbiology, School of Mathematical and Natural Science, University of Venda, Thohoyandou, South Africa
- School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Venda, Thohoyandou, South Africa
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Salvo M, Lizasoain A, Castells M, Bortagaray V, Castro S, Colina R, Tort FL, Victoria M. Human Bocavirus: Detection, Quantification and Molecular Characterization in Sewage and Surface Waters in Uruguay. FOOD AND ENVIRONMENTAL VIROLOGY 2018; 10:193-200. [PMID: 29299861 DOI: 10.1007/s12560-017-9334-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Human bocavirus (HBoV) infections are related to respiratory and gastroenteric diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of HBoV in both sewage and surface waters in Uruguay. Sixty-eight sewage samples from the cities of Salto, Paysandú, Bella Unión, Fray Bentos, Treinta y Tres and Melo and 36 surface water samples from the cities of Salto, Florida and Santa Lucía were studied. HBoV was screened by multiplex qPCR for the detection of the four subtypes, followed by monoplex qPCRs for the independent quantification of each subtype. A qualitative PCR followed by DNA sequencing and phylogenetic analysis was carried out for molecular characterization of HBoV strains. HBoV was present in a high frequency (69%) in sewage and only one positive sample (3%) was found in surface water. Concerning sewage samples, HBoV1 was detected in 11 (23%) out of the 47 positives samples, with a mean concentration of 8.2 × 104 genomic copies/Liter (gc/L), HBoV3 was detected in 35 (74%) of the positive samples with a mean concentration of 4.1 × 106 gc/L and subtypes 2 and/or 4 were detected in 39 (83%) of the positive samples with a mean concentration of 7.8 × 106 gc/L. After the phylogenetic analysis performed by a Bayesian approach, the four HBoV subtypes were confirmed. This is the first study determining a high frequency of HBoV and the presence of the four HBoV subtypes in aquatic matrices in Latin America, mainly in sewage. Although HBoV was scarcely detected in surface water, a waterborne transmission is likely to occur if people enter in contact with polluted surface waters for recreational activities such as fishing or swimming since an elevated frequency of HBoV was detected in raw sewage which is usually directly discharged into surface waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matías Salvo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular Virology, CENUR Litoral Norte, Sede Salto, Universidad de la República, Rivera 1350, Salto, Uruguay
| | - Andrés Lizasoain
- Department of Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular Virology, CENUR Litoral Norte, Sede Salto, Universidad de la República, Rivera 1350, Salto, Uruguay
| | - Matías Castells
- Department of Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular Virology, CENUR Litoral Norte, Sede Salto, Universidad de la República, Rivera 1350, Salto, Uruguay
| | - Viviana Bortagaray
- Department of Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular Virology, CENUR Litoral Norte, Sede Salto, Universidad de la República, Rivera 1350, Salto, Uruguay
| | - Sebastián Castro
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics of Litoral, CENUR Litoral Norte, Sede Salto, Universidad de la República, Salto, Uruguay
| | - Rodney Colina
- Department of Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular Virology, CENUR Litoral Norte, Sede Salto, Universidad de la República, Rivera 1350, Salto, Uruguay
| | - Fernando Lopez Tort
- Department of Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular Virology, CENUR Litoral Norte, Sede Salto, Universidad de la República, Rivera 1350, Salto, Uruguay
| | - Matías Victoria
- Department of Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular Virology, CENUR Litoral Norte, Sede Salto, Universidad de la República, Rivera 1350, Salto, Uruguay.
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de Souza WM, Dennis T, Fumagalli MJ, Araujo J, Sabino-Santos G, Maia FGM, Acrani GO, Carrasco ADOT, Romeiro MF, Modha S, Vieira LC, Ometto T, Queiroz LH, Durigon EL, Nunes MRT, Figueiredo LTM, Gifford RJ. Novel Parvoviruses from Wild and Domestic Animals in Brazil Provide New Insights into Parvovirus Distribution and Diversity. Viruses 2018; 10:E143. [PMID: 29565808 PMCID: PMC5923437 DOI: 10.3390/v10040143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Revised: 03/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Parvoviruses (family Parvoviridae) are small, single-stranded DNA viruses. Many parvoviral pathogens of medical, veterinary and ecological importance have been identified. In this study, we used high-throughput sequencing (HTS) to investigate the diversity of parvoviruses infecting wild and domestic animals in Brazil. We identified 21 parvovirus sequences (including twelve nearly complete genomes and nine partial genomes) in samples derived from rodents, bats, opossums, birds and cattle in Pernambuco, São Paulo, Paraná and Rio Grande do Sul states. These sequences were investigated using phylogenetic and distance-based approaches and were thereby classified into eight parvovirus species (six of which have not been described previously), representing six distinct genera in the subfamily Parvovirinae. Our findings extend the known biogeographic range of previously characterized parvovirus species and the known host range of three parvovirus genera (Dependovirus, Aveparvovirus and Tetraparvovirus). Moreover, our investigation provides a window into the ecological dynamics of parvovirus infections in vertebrates, revealing that many parvovirus genera contain well-defined sub-lineages that circulate widely throughout the world within particular taxonomic groups of hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Marciel de Souza
- Virology Research Center, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo,14049-900 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK.
| | - Tristan Dennis
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK.
| | - Marcílio Jorge Fumagalli
- Virology Research Center, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo,14049-900 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
| | - Jansen Araujo
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, 05508-900 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Gilberto Sabino-Santos
- Virology Research Center, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo,14049-900 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
| | - Felipe Gonçalves Motta Maia
- Virology Research Center, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo,14049-900 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, 05508-900 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | | | | | - Marilia Farignoli Romeiro
- Virology Research Center, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo,14049-900 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
| | - Sejal Modha
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK.
| | - Luiz Carlos Vieira
- Virology Research Center, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo,14049-900 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
| | - Tatiana Ometto
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, 05508-900 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Luzia Helena Queiroz
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, São Paulo State University, Araçatuba, SP 16050-680, Brazil.
| | - Edison Luiz Durigon
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, 05508-900 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Márcio Roberto Teixeira Nunes
- Center for Technological Innovations, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ministry of Health, Ananindeua, Pará 67030-000, Pará, Brazil.
| | - Luiz Tadeu Moraes Figueiredo
- Virology Research Center, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo,14049-900 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
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14
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Schlaberg R, Ampofo K, Tardif KD, Stockmann C, Simmon KE, Hymas W, Flygare S, Kennedy B, Blaschke A, Eilbeck K, Yandell M, McCullers JA, Williams DJ, Edwards K, Arnold SR, Bramley A, Jain S, Pavia AT. Human Bocavirus Capsid Messenger RNA Detection in Children With Pneumonia. J Infect Dis 2017; 216:688-696. [PMID: 28934425 PMCID: PMC5853397 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jix352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The role of human bocavirus (HBoV) in respiratory illness is uncertain. HBoV genomic DNA is frequently detected in both ill and healthy children. We hypothesized that spliced viral capsid messenger RNA (mRNA) produced during active replication might be a better marker for acute infection. Methods As part of the Etiology of Pneumonia in the Community (EPIC) study, children aged <18 years who were hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) and children asymptomatic at the time of elective outpatient surgery (controls) were enrolled. Nasopharyngeal/oropharyngeal specimens were tested for HBoV mRNA and genomic DNA by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Results HBoV DNA was detected in 10.4% of 1295 patients with CAP and 7.5% of 721 controls (odds ratio [OR], 1.4 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 1.0–2.0]); HBoV mRNA was detected in 2.1% and 0.4%, respectively (OR, 5.1 [95% CI, 1.6–26]). When adjusted for age, enrollment month, and detection of other respiratory viruses, HBoV mRNA detection (adjusted OR, 7.6 [95% CI, 1.5–38.4]) but not DNA (adjusted OR, 1.2 [95% CI, .6–2.4]) was associated with CAP. Among children with no other pathogens detected, HBoV mRNA (OR, 9.6 [95% CI, 1.9–82]) was strongly associated with CAP. Conclusions Detection of HBoV mRNA but not DNA was associated with CAP, supporting a pathogenic role for HBoV in CAP. HBoV mRNA could be a useful target for diagnostic testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Schlaberg
- Department of Pathology.,ARUP Institute for Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | | | - Keith D Tardif
- ARUP Institute for Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | | | | | - Weston Hymas
- ARUP Institute for Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | | | | | | | | | - Mark Yandell
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah
| | - Jon A McCullers
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center.,Nashville and Le Bonheur Children's Hospital.,St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis
| | - Derek J Williams
- Vanderbilt University School of Medicine.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Monroe Carell Jr. Children's Hospital, Vanderbilt University.,Vanderbilt Vaccine Research Program, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Kathryn Edwards
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Monroe Carell Jr. Children's Hospital, Vanderbilt University.,Vanderbilt Vaccine Research Program, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Sandra R Arnold
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center.,Nashville and Le Bonheur Children's Hospital
| | - Anna Bramley
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Seema Jain
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
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15
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Xu M, Arku B, Jartti T, Koskinen J, Peltola V, Hedman K, Söderlund-Venermo M. Comparative Diagnosis of Human Bocavirus 1 Respiratory Infection With Messenger RNA Reverse-Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), DNA Quantitative PCR, and Serology. J Infect Dis 2017; 215:1551-1557. [DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jix169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
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16
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Ding XF, Zhang B, Zhong LL, Xie LY, Xiao NG. [Relationship between viral load of human bocavirus and clinical characteristics in children with acute lower respiratory tract infection]. ZHONGGUO DANG DAI ER KE ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY PEDIATRICS 2017; 19:327-330. [PMID: 28302206 PMCID: PMC7390146 DOI: 10.7499/j.issn.1008-8830.2017.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the prevalence of human bocavirus (HBoV) in children with acute lower respiratory tract infection and to explore the relationship between the viral load of HBoV and the clinical characteristics of acute lower respiratory tract infection in children. METHODS A total of 1 554 nasopharyngeal aspirates from children who were hospitalized due to acute lower respiratory tract infection between March 2011 and March 2014 were collected. Quantitative real-time PCR was used to detect 12 RNA and 2 DNA viruses, adenovirus (ADV) and HBoV, and to measure the viral load of HBoV in HBoV-positive children. A comprehensive analysis was performed with reference to clinical symptoms and indicators. RESULTS In the 1 554 specimens, 1 212 (77.99%) were positive for viruses, and 275 (17.70%) were HBoV-positive. In HBoV-positive cases, 94.9% were aged <3 years, and there were more males than females. In the 275 HBoV-positive cases, 45 (16.36%) had single infection, and 230 (83.64%) had mixed infection. There was no significant difference in viral load between children with single infection and mixed infection (P>0.05). The patients with fever had a significantly higher viral load than those without fever (P<0.05). The children with wheezing had a significantly higher viral load than those without wheezing (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in viral load between children with mild, moderate, and severe acute lower respiratory tract infection (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS HBoV is one of the important pathogens of acute lower respiratory tract infection in children. Children with a higher viral load of HBoV are more likely to experience symptoms such as fever and wheezing. However, the severity of disease and mixed infection are not significantly related to viral load.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Fang Ding
- Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Changsha 410005, China.
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17
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Ding XF, Zhang B, Zhong LL, Xie LY, Xiao NG. [Relationship between viral load of human bocavirus and clinical characteristics in children with acute lower respiratory tract infection]. ZHONGGUO DANG DAI ER KE ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY PEDIATRICS 2017; 19:327-330. [PMID: 28302206 PMCID: PMC7390146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the prevalence of human bocavirus (HBoV) in children with acute lower respiratory tract infection and to explore the relationship between the viral load of HBoV and the clinical characteristics of acute lower respiratory tract infection in children. METHODS A total of 1 554 nasopharyngeal aspirates from children who were hospitalized due to acute lower respiratory tract infection between March 2011 and March 2014 were collected. Quantitative real-time PCR was used to detect 12 RNA and 2 DNA viruses, adenovirus (ADV) and HBoV, and to measure the viral load of HBoV in HBoV-positive children. A comprehensive analysis was performed with reference to clinical symptoms and indicators. RESULTS In the 1 554 specimens, 1 212 (77.99%) were positive for viruses, and 275 (17.70%) were HBoV-positive. In HBoV-positive cases, 94.9% were aged <3 years, and there were more males than females. In the 275 HBoV-positive cases, 45 (16.36%) had single infection, and 230 (83.64%) had mixed infection. There was no significant difference in viral load between children with single infection and mixed infection (P>0.05). The patients with fever had a significantly higher viral load than those without fever (P<0.05). The children with wheezing had a significantly higher viral load than those without wheezing (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in viral load between children with mild, moderate, and severe acute lower respiratory tract infection (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS HBoV is one of the important pathogens of acute lower respiratory tract infection in children. Children with a higher viral load of HBoV are more likely to experience symptoms such as fever and wheezing. However, the severity of disease and mixed infection are not significantly related to viral load.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Fang Ding
- Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Changsha 410005, China.
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18
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Abstract
Parvovirus B19 (B19V) and human bocavirus 1 (HBoV1), members of the large Parvoviridae family, are human pathogens responsible for a variety of diseases. For B19V in particular, host features determine disease manifestations. These viruses are prevalent worldwide and are culturable in vitro, and serological and molecular assays are available but require careful interpretation of results. Additional human parvoviruses, including HBoV2 to -4, human parvovirus 4 (PARV4), and human bufavirus (BuV) are also reviewed. The full spectrum of parvovirus disease in humans has yet to be established. Candidate recombinant B19V vaccines have been developed but may not be commercially feasible. We review relevant features of the molecular and cellular biology of these viruses, and the human immune response that they elicit, which have allowed a deep understanding of pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianming Qiu
- Department of Microbiology, Molecular Genetics and Immunology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | | | - Neal S Young
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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19
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DNA Damage Signaling Is Required for Replication of Human Bocavirus 1 DNA in Dividing HEK293 Cells. J Virol 2016; 91:JVI.01831-16. [PMID: 27733644 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01831-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Human bocavirus 1 (HBoV1), an emerging human-pathogenic respiratory virus, is a member of the genus Bocaparvovirus of the Parvoviridae family. In human airway epithelium air-liquid interface (HAE-ALI) cultures, HBoV1 infection initiates a DNA damage response (DDR), activating all three phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-related kinases (PI3KKs): ATM, ATR, and DNA-PKcs. In this context, activation of PI3KKs is a requirement for amplification of the HBoV1 genome (X. Deng, Z. Yan, F. Cheng, J. F. Engelhardt, and J. Qiu, PLoS Pathog, 12:e1005399, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1005399), and HBoV1 replicates only in terminally differentiated, nondividing cells. This report builds on the previous discovery that the replication of HBoV1 DNA can also occur in dividing HEK293 cells, demonstrating that such replication is likewise dependent on a DDR. Transfection of HEK293 cells with the duplex DNA genome of HBoV1 induces hallmarks of DDR, including phosphorylation of H2AX and RPA32, as well as activation of all three PI3KKs. The large viral nonstructural protein NS1 is sufficient to induce the DDR and the activation of the three PI3KKs. Pharmacological inhibition or knockdown of any one of the PI3KKs significantly decreases both the replication of HBoV1 DNA and the downstream production of progeny virions. The DDR induced by the HBoV1 NS1 protein does not cause obvious damage to cellular DNA or arrest of the cell cycle. Notably, key DNA replication factors and major DNA repair DNA polymerases (polymerase η [Pol η] and polymerase κ [Pol κ]) are recruited to the viral DNA replication centers and facilitate HBoV1 DNA replication. Our study provides the first evidence of the DDR-dependent parvovirus DNA replication that occurs in dividing cells and is independent of cell cycle arrest. IMPORTANCE The parvovirus human bocavirus 1 (HBoV1) is an emerging respiratory virus that causes lower respiratory tract infections in young children worldwide. HEK293 cells are the only dividing cells tested that fully support the replication of the duplex genome of this virus and allow the production of progeny virions. In this study, we demonstrate that HBoV1 induces a DDR that plays significant roles in the replication of the viral DNA and the production of progeny virions in HEK293 cells. We also show that both cellular DNA replication factors and DNA repair DNA polymerases colocalize within centers of viral DNA replication and that Pol η and Pol κ play an important role in HBoV1 DNA replication. Whereas the DDR that leads to the replication of the DNA of other parvoviruses is facilitated by the cell cycle, the DDR triggered by HBoV1 DNA replication or NS1 is not. HBoV1 is the first parvovirus whose NS1 has been shown to be able to activate all three PI3KKs (ATM, ATR, and DNA-PKcs).
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20
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Moreno B, Abrego L, Carrera JP, Franco D, Gaitán M, Castillo J, Pascale JM, Arbiza J. Detection of Human Bocavirus Type 1 infection in Panamanian children with respiratory illness. J Med Virol 2015; 88:389-94. [DOI: 10.1002/jmv.24346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brechla Moreno
- Deparment of Research in Virology and Biotechnology; Gorgas Memorial Institute of Health Studies; Panama City Panama
| | - Leyda Abrego
- Deparment of Research in Virology and Biotechnology; Gorgas Memorial Institute of Health Studies; Panama City Panama
| | - Jean-Paul Carrera
- Deparment of Research in Virology and Biotechnology; Gorgas Memorial Institute of Health Studies; Panama City Panama
- Department of Pre-Clinical Sciences; School of Medicine, Columbus University; Panama City Panama
| | - Danilo Franco
- Deparment of Research in Virology and Biotechnology; Gorgas Memorial Institute of Health Studies; Panama City Panama
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine; University of Panama; Panama City Panama
| | - Melissa Gaitán
- Deparment of Research in Virology and Biotechnology; Gorgas Memorial Institute of Health Studies; Panama City Panama
| | - Juan Castillo
- Department of Genomic and Proteomic; Gorgas Memorial Institute of Health Studies; Panama City Panama
| | - Juan M. Pascale
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine; University of Panama; Panama City Panama
- Department of Genomic and Proteomic; Gorgas Memorial Institute of Health Studies; Panama City Panama
| | - Juan Arbiza
- Virology Section, School of Sciences; University of the Republic; Montevideo Uruguay
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21
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Kantola K, Hedman L, Tanner L, Simell V, Mäkinen M, Partanen J, Sadeghi M, Veijola R, Knip M, Ilonen J, Hyöty H, Toppari J, Simell O, Hedman K, Söderlund-Venermo M. B-Cell Responses to Human Bocaviruses 1-4: New Insights from a Childhood Follow-Up Study. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0139096. [PMID: 26418064 PMCID: PMC4587975 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0139096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Human bocaviruses (HBoVs) 1-4 are recently discovered, antigenically similar parvoviruses. We examined the hypothesis that the antigenic similarity of these viruses could give rise to clinically and diagnostically important immunological interactions. IgG and IgM EIAs as well as qPCR were used to study ~2000 sera collected from infancy to early adolescence at 3-6-month intervals from 109 children whose symptoms were recorded. We found that HBoV1-4-specific seroprevalences at age 6 years were 80%, 48%, 10%, and 0%, respectively. HBoV1 infections resulted in significantly weaker IgG responses among children who had pre-existing HBoV2 IgG, and vice versa. Furthermore, we documented a complete absence of virus type-specific immune responses in six viremic children who had pre-existing IgG for another bocavirus, indicating that not all HBoV infections can be diagnosed serologically. Our results strongly indicate that interactions between consecutive HBoV infections affect HBoV immunity via a phenomenon called "original antigenic sin", cross-protection, or both; however, without evident clinical consequences but with important ramifications for the serodiagnosis of HBoV infections. Serological data is likely to underestimate human exposure to these viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalle Kantola
- University of Helsinki, Department of Virology, Helsinki, Finland
- * E-mail:
| | - Lea Hedman
- University of Helsinki, Department of Virology, Helsinki, Finland
- Helsinki University Hospital Laboratory Services, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Laura Tanner
- Turku University Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Turku, Finland
| | | | | | - Juulia Partanen
- University of Helsinki, Department of Virology, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Riitta Veijola
- University of Oulu, Department of Pediatrics, Oulu, Finland
| | - Mikael Knip
- University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Children's Hospital and Research Programs Unit, Diabetes and Obesity, Helsinki, Finland
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Tampere University Hospital, Tampere Center for Child Health Research, Tampere, Finland
| | - Jorma Ilonen
- Turku University Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Turku, Finland
- Medicity, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- University of Eastern Finland, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Kuopio, Finland
- University of Turku, Immunogenetics Laboratory, Turku, Finland
| | - Heikki Hyöty
- University of Tampere, Department of Virology, Tampere, Finland
| | - Jorma Toppari
- Turku University Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Turku, Finland
- Medicity, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Olli Simell
- Medicity, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Klaus Hedman
- University of Helsinki, Department of Virology, Helsinki, Finland
- Helsinki University Hospital Laboratory Services, Helsinki, Finland
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22
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Li X, Kantola K, Hedman L, Arku B, Hedman K, Söderlund-Venermo M. Original antigenic sin with human bocaviruses 1-4. J Gen Virol 2015. [PMID: 26224569 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.000253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Human bocavirus (HBoV) 1 is a widespread parvovirus causing acute respiratory disease in young children. In contrast, HBoV2 occurs in the gastrointestinal tract and is potentially associated with gastroenteritis, whilst HBoV3 and -4 infections are less frequent and have not yet been linked with human disease. Due to HBoV1 DNA persistence in the nasopharynx, serology has been advocated as a better alternative for diagnosing acute infections. In constitutionally healthy children, we previously noted that pre-existing HBoV2 immunity in a subsequent HBoV1 infection typically resulted in low or non-existent HBoV1-specific antibody responses. A phenomenon describing such immunological events among related viruses has been known since the 1950s as 'original antigenic sin' (OAS). The aim of this study was to characterize this putative OAS phenomenon in a more controlled setting. Follow-up sera of 10 rabbit pairs, inoculated twice with HBoV1-4 virus-like particles (VLPs) or control antigens, in various combinations, were analysed with HBoV1-4 IgG enzyme immunoassays with and without depletion of heterotypic HBoV antibodies. There were no significant IgG boosts after the second inoculation in either the heterologously or the homologously HBoV-inoculated rabbits, but a clear increase in cross-reactivity was seen with time. We could, however, distinguish a distinct OAS pattern from plain cross-reactivity: half of the heterologously inoculated rabbits showed IgG patterns representative of the OAS hypothesis, in line with our prior results with naturally infected children. HBoVs are the first parvoviruses to show the possible existence of OAS. Our findings provide new information on HBoV1-4 immunity and emphasize the complexity of human bocavirus diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemeng Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, PR China.,Department of Virology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kalle Kantola
- Department of Virology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lea Hedman
- Department of Virology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Benedict Arku
- Department of Virology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Klaus Hedman
- Department of Virology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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Günel C, Kırdar S, Ömürlü İK, Ağdaş F. Detection of the Epstein-Barr virus, Human Bocavirus and novel KI and KU polyomaviruses in adenotonsillar tissues. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2015; 79:423-7. [PMID: 25631935 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2015.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Revised: 01/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We aimed to investigate the seasonal disturbations and the rates of detection of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), Human Bocavirus (HBoV), and polyomaviruses KI and WU (KIPyV and WUPyV) in adenoid and tonsil tissues during the absence of acute infection symptoms. STUDY DESIGN Cross-sectional prospective study. SETTING Tertiary hospital. METHODS DNA expressions of EBV, HBoV, polyomaviruses KIPyV and WUPyV were investigated in children with chronic tonsillar and adenoidal diseases using real-time polymerase chain reaction. The patients were grouped as follows: adenoid, recurrent tonsillitis and hypertrophic tonsillitis group. The relationships of the expressions of these viruses with age, gender, recurrent infection and airway obstruction were also analyzed. Seasonal variations in rates of detection of these viruses in adenoid and tonsil tissues were also investigated. RESULTS Considering adenoid specimens, HBoV was found to be the most frequent virus with the rate of 43.1%. In specimens of recurrent tonsillitis and hypertrophic tonsils, EBV was the most frequently encountered virus (53.8%, and 32.0%, respectively). In children with hypertrophic adenoids, while HBoV was detected to be positive throughout the year, EBV was present throughout the year in children with recurrent tonsillitis. CONCLUSIONS The detection of HBoV and EBV throughout the year in samples of children with asymptomatic chronic adenotonsillar diseases may indicate that these viruses may remain persistently in lymphoepithelial tissues of upper respiratory tract. Virus persistence may have a pathogenetic potential for development of lymphoid hypertrophy and a chronic stimulatory effect for inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ceren Günel
- Adnan Menderes Üniversity Faculty of Medicine, Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Aydın, Turkey.
| | - Sevin Kırdar
- Adnan Menderes Üniversity, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Microbiology, Aydın, Turkey.
| | - İmran Kurt Ömürlü
- Adnan Menderes Üniversity, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Bioistatistic, Aydın, Turkey.
| | - Fatih Ağdaş
- Adnan Menderes Üniversity Faculty of Medicine, Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Aydın, Turkey.
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Proença-Módena JL, Buzatto GP, Paula FE, Saturno TH, Delcaro LS, Prates MC, Tamashiro E, Valera FC, Arruda E, Anselmo-Lima WT. Respiratory viruses are continuously detected in children with chronic tonsillitis throughout the year. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2014; 78:1655-61. [PMID: 25128448 PMCID: PMC7112801 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2014.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Revised: 07/10/2014] [Accepted: 07/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the oscillations on the viral detection in adenotonsillar tissues from patients with chronic adenotonsillar diseases as an indicia of the presence of persistent viral infections or acute subclinical infections. STUDY DESIGN Cross-sectional prospective study. SETTING Tertiary hospital. METHODS The fluctuations of respiratory virus detection were compared to the major climatic variables during a two-year period using adenoids and palatine tonsils from 172 children with adenotonsillar hypertrophy and clinical evidence of obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome or recurrent adenotonsillitis, without symptoms of acute respiratory infection (ARI), by TaqMan real-time PCR. RESULTS The rate of detection of at least one respiratory virus in adenotonsillar tissue was 87%. The most frequently detected viruses were human adenovirus in 52.8%, human enterovirus in 47.2%, human rhinovirus in 33.8%, human bocavirus in 31.1%, human metapneumovirus in 18.3% and human respiratory syncytial virus in 17.2%. Although increased detection of human enterovirus occurred in summer/autumn months, and there were summer nadirs of human respiratory syncytial virus in both years of the study, there was no obvious viral seasonality in contrast to reports with ARI patients in many regions of the world. CONCLUSION Respiratory viruses are continuously highly detected during whole year, and without any clinical symptomatology, indicating that viral genome of some virus can persist in lymphoepithelial tissues of the upper respiratory tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Luiz Proença-Módena
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto of University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil,Virology Research Center, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto of University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil,Department of Genetics, Evolution and Bioagents, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Guilherme P. Buzatto
- Department of Ophthalmology, Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine of Ribeirao Preto of University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Flávia E. Paula
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto of University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil,Virology Research Center, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto of University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Tamara H. Saturno
- Virology Research Center, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto of University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil,Department of Ophthalmology, Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine of Ribeirao Preto of University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Luana S. Delcaro
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto of University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Mirela C. Prates
- Virology Research Center, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto of University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil,Department of Ophthalmology, Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine of Ribeirao Preto of University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Edwin Tamashiro
- Department of Ophthalmology, Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine of Ribeirao Preto of University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Fabiana C.P. Valera
- Department of Ophthalmology, Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine of Ribeirao Preto of University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Eurico Arruda
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto of University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil,Virology Research Center, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto of University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Wilma T. Anselmo-Lima
- Department of Ophthalmology, Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine of Ribeirao Preto of University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil,Corresponding author at: Departamento de Oftalmologia, Otorrinolaringologia e Cirurgia de Cabeça e Pescoço, FMRP-USP, Avenida dos Bandeirantes 3900, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14049-900, Brazil. Tel.: +55 16 36022862; fax: +55 16 36022860
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25
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Abstract
Human bocavirus 1 (HBoV1) is associated with respiratory infections worldwide, mainly in children. Similar to other parvoviruses, it is believed that HBoV1 can persist for long periods of time in humans, probably through maintaining concatemers of the virus single-stranded DNA genome in the nuclei of infected cells. Recently, HBoV-1 was detected in high rates in adenoid and palatine tonsils samples from patients with chronic adenotonsillar diseases, but nothing is known about the virus replication levels in those tissues. A 3-year prospective hospital-based study was conducted to detect and quantify HBoV1 DNA and mRNAs in samples of the adenoids (AD), palatine tonsils (PT), nasopharyngeal secretions (NPS), and peripheral blood (PB) from patients undergoing tonsillectomy for tonsillar hypertrophy or recurrent tonsillitis. HBoV1 was detected in 25.3% of the AD samples, while the rates of detection in the PT, NPS, and PB samples were 7.2%, 10.5%, and 1.7%, respectively. The viral loads were higher in AD samples, and 27.3% of the patients with HBoV had mRNA detectable in this tissue. High viral loads and detectable mRNA in the AD were associated with HBoV1 detection in the other sample sites. The adenoids are an important site of HBoV1 replication and persistence in children with tonsillar hypertrophy. The adenoids contain high HBoV1 loads and are frequently positive for HBoV mRNA, and this is associated with the detection of HBoV1 in secretions.
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26
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Abstract
Non-influenza respiratory virus infections are common worldwide and contribute to morbidity and mortality in all age groups. The recently identified Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus has been associated with rapidly progressive pneumonia and high mortality rate. Adenovirus 14 has been increasingly recognized in severe acute respiratory illness in both military and civilian individuals. Rhinovirus C and human bocavirus type 1 have been commonly detected in infants and young children with respiratory tract infection and studies have shown a positive correlation between respiratory illness and high viral loads, mono-infection, viremia, and/or serologically-confirmed primary infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- James J Dunn
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cook Children's Medical Center, 801 Seventh Avenue, Fort Worth, TX 76104, USA.
| | - Melissa B Miller
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Campus Box 7525, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7525, USA
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27
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de Leon CDA, Amantéa SL, Pilger DA, Cantarelli V. Response letter. Pediatr Pulmonol 2014; 49:517-8. [PMID: 24339436 PMCID: PMC7167849 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.22951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2013] [Accepted: 10/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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28
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PROENCA-MODENA JL, MARTINEZ M, AMARILLA AA, ESPÍNOLA EE, GALEANO ME, FARIÑA N, RUSSOMANDO G, AQUINO VH, PARRA GI, ARRUDA E. Viral load of human bocavirus-1 in stools from children with viral diarrhoea in Paraguay. Epidemiol Infect 2013; 141:2576-80. [PMID: 23425775 PMCID: PMC9151358 DOI: 10.1017/s095026881300023x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2012] [Revised: 01/12/2013] [Accepted: 01/19/2012] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Since their discovery, four species of human bocavirus (HBoV) have been described in patients with respiratory and gastrointestinal diseases. However, a clear causal association between HBoV-1 and gastroenteritis has not been demonstrated. In this study, we describe the detection and quantification of HBoV-1 in stools from children with acute non-bacterial gastroenteritis using quantitative polymerase chain reaction. HBoV-1 genome was detected in 10.6% of stools with frequent association with rotavirus and norovirus. The median of HBoV-1 viral load was 1.88 × 104 genome/ml, lower than previously shown in secretions of patients with respiratory infections, without any obvious association between high viral load and presence of HBoV as single agent. Thus, although HBoV-1 was frequently detected in these patients, there is no clear causal association of this agent with diarrhoea. Indeed, HBoV-1 DNA in stools of patients with gastroenteritis without respiratory symptoms may be a remnant of previous infections or associated with prolonged shedding of virus in the respiratory or digestive tracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. L. PROENCA-MODENA
- Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - M. MARTINEZ
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Genética, Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Nacional de Asunción, Paraguay
| | - A. A. AMARILLA
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Genética, Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Nacional de Asunción, Paraguay
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - E. E. ESPÍNOLA
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Genética, Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Nacional de Asunción, Paraguay
| | - M. E. GALEANO
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Genética, Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Nacional de Asunción, Paraguay
| | - N. FARIÑA
- Departamento de Análisis Clínicos y Microbiología, Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Nacional de Asunción, Paraguay
| | - G. RUSSOMANDO
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Genética, Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Nacional de Asunción, Paraguay
| | - V. H. AQUINO
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - G. I. PARRA
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Genética, Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Nacional de Asunción, Paraguay
| | - E. ARRUDA
- Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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29
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Christensen A, Døllner H, Skanke LH, Krokstad S, Moe N, Nordbø SA. Detection of spliced mRNA from human bocavirus 1 in clinical samples from children with respiratory tract infections. Emerg Infect Dis 2013; 19:574-80. [PMID: 23628409 PMCID: PMC3647721 DOI: 10.3201/eid1904.121775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Human bocavirus 1 (HBoV1) is a parvovirus associated with respiratory tract infections (RTIs) in children, but a causal relation has not yet been confirmed. To develop a qualitative reverse transcription PCR to detect spliced mRNA from HBoV1 and to determine whether HBoV1 mRNA correlated better with RTIs than did HBoV1 DNA, we used samples from HBoV1 DNA–positive children, with and without RTIs, to evaluate the test. A real-time reverse transcription PCR, targeting 2 alternatively spliced mRNAs, was developed. HBoV1 mRNA was detected in nasopharyngeal aspirates from 33 (25%) of 133 children with RTIs but in none of 28 controls (p<0.001). The analytical sensitivity and specificity of the test were good. Our data support the hypothesis that HBoV1 may cause RTIs, and we propose that HBoV1 mRNA could be used with benefit, instead of HBoV1 DNA, as a diagnostic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Christensen
- Trondheim University Hospital, and Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Children’s and Women’s Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
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30
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Human bocavirus 1 infects commercially available primary human airway epithelium cultures productively. J Virol Methods 2013; 195:112-9. [PMID: 24134939 PMCID: PMC3855471 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2013.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2013] [Revised: 09/29/2013] [Accepted: 10/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Human bocavirus 1 (HBoV1), a human parvovirus, belongs to the genus Bocavirus of the Parvoviridae family. It causes wheezing in young children with acute respiratory tract infections. HBoV1 has been shown to infect polarized human airway epithelium (HAE) made in house, and induces airway epithelial damage. In this study, two commercially available HAE cultures, EpiAirway and MucilAir HAE, were examined for HBoV1 infection. Both HAE cultures support fully productive HBoV1 infection. Infected EpiAirway and MucilAir HAE cultures showed loss of cilia, disruption of the tight junction barrier, and a significant decrease in transepithelial electrical resistance. Notably, HBoV1 persistent infection was demonstrated by maintaining HBoV1-infected EpiAirway HAE for as long as 50 days. After 2 days post-infection, progeny virus was produced consistently daily at a level of over 2×10(8) viral genome copies per culture (0.6 cm(2)). This study is the first to use commercial sources of HAE cultures for HBoV1 infection. The availability of these cultures will enable a wide range of laboratories to study HBoV1 infection.
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31
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Gagliardi TB, Paula FE, Iwamoto MA, Proença-Modena JL, Santos AE, Camara AA, Cervi MC, Cintra OAL, Arruda E. Concurrent detection of other respiratory viruses in children shedding viable human respiratory syncytial virus. J Med Virol 2013; 85:1852-9. [PMID: 23861138 PMCID: PMC7167105 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.23648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) is an important cause of respiratory disease. The majority of studies addressing the importance of virus co‐infections to the HRSV‐disease have been based on the detection of HRSV by RT‐PCR, which may not distinguish current replication from prolonged shedding of remnant RNA from previous HRSV infections. To assess whether co‐detections of other common respiratory viruses are associated with increased severity of HRSV illnesses from patients who were shedding viable‐HRSV, nasopharyngeal aspirates from children younger than 5 years who sought medical care for respiratory infections in Ribeirão Preto (Brazil) were tested for HRSV by immunofluorescence, RT‐PCR and virus isolation in cell culture. All samples with viable‐HRSV were tested further by PCR for other respiratory viruses. HRSV‐disease severity was assessed by a clinical score scale. A total of 266 samples from 247 children were collected and 111 (42%) were HRSV‐positive. HRSV was isolated from 70 (63%), and 52 (74%) of them were positive for at least one additional virus. HRSV‐positive diseases were more severe than HRSV‐negative ones, but there was no difference in disease severity between patients with viable‐HRSV and those HRSV‐positives by RT‐PCR. Co‐detection of other viruses did not correlate with increased disease severity. HRSV isolation in cell culture does not seem to be superior to RT‐PCR to distinguish infections associated with HRSV replication in studies of clinical impact of HRSV. A high rate of co‐detection of other respiratory viruses was found in samples with viable‐HRSV, but this was not associated with more severe HRSV infection. J Med. Virol. 85:1852–1859, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- T B Gagliardi
- Department of Cell and, Molecular Biology, University of Sao Paulo School of Medicine, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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32
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Sousa TTD, Souza M, Fiaccadori FS, Borges AMT, Costa PSD, Cardoso DDDDP. Human bocavirus 1 and 3 infection in children with acute gastroenteritis in Brazil. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2013; 107:800-4. [PMID: 22990971 DOI: 10.1590/s0074-02762012000600015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
To determine the positivity rate of human bocavirus (HBoV) 1 and 3 among children who presented with acute gastroenteritis symptoms during the period of 1994-2004 in the Central-West Region of Brazil, 762 faecal samples were tested using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the detection of HBoV DNA. Primers for a segment of the non-structural viral protein 1 (NS1) gene of HBoV-1 and HBoV-3 were used. Twelve HBoV-positive samples were further characterised via genomic sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. Of the samples tested, 5.8% (n = 44) were positive for HBoV-1 or HBoV-3 and co-infection was observed in 14 (31.8%) of the 44 HBoV-positive samples. Nine of the 14 samples were also positive for Rotavirus A and five were positive for Aichi virus. The genomic sequencing of the NS1 partial sequence of 12 HBoV-samples showed that 11 samples were characterised as HBoV-1 and that one was characterised as HBoV-3. The phylogenetic analysis showed that the HBoV-1 samples had a high sequence homology to others previously identified in China, Sweden and Brazil. This is the first study conducted in the Central-West Region of Brazil to detect HBoV-1 and HBoV-3 in faecal samples from children with acute gastroenteritis. Further studies are required to define the role of HBoVs as aetiological agents of gastroenteritis.
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33
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Zhao B, Yu X, Wang C, Teng Z, Wang C, Shen J, Gao Y, Zhu Z, Wang J, Yuan Z, Wu F, Zhang X, Ghildyal R. High human bocavirus viral load is associated with disease severity in children under five years of age. PLoS One 2013; 8:e62318. [PMID: 23638038 PMCID: PMC3640090 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0062318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2013] [Accepted: 03/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Human bocavirus (HBoV) is a parvovirus and detected worldwide in lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs), but its pathogenic role in respiratory illness is still debatable due to high incidence of co-infection with other respiratory viruses. To determine the prevalence of HBoV infection in patients with LRTI in Shanghai and its correlation with disease severity, we performed a 3-year prospective study of HBoV in healthy controls, outpatients and inpatients under five years of age with X-ray diagnosed LRTIs. Nasopharyngeal aspirates were tested by PCR for common respiratory viruses and by real time PCR for HBoV subtypes 1-4. Nasopharyngeal swabs from healthy controls and serum samples and stools from inpatients were also tested for HBoV1-4 by real time PCR. Viral loads were determined by quantitative real time PCR in all HBoV positive samples. HBoV1 was detected in 7.0% of inpatients, with annual rates of 5.1%, 8.0% and 4.8% in 2010, 2011 and 2012, respectively. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) subtype A was the most frequent co-infection detected; HBoV1 and RSVA appeared to co-circulate with similar seasonal variations. High HBoV viral loads (>10(6) copies/ml) were significantly more frequent in inpatients and outpatients than in healthy controls. There was a direct correlation of high viral load with increasing disease severity in patients co-infected with HBoV1 and at least one other respiratory virus. In summary, our data suggest that HBoV1 can cause LRTIs, but symptomatic HBoV infection is only observed in the context of high viral load.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baihui Zhao
- Microbiology Laboratory, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuelian Yu
- Microbiology Laboratory, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuanxian Wang
- Technical Center for Animal and Plant and Food Inspection, Shanghai Entry-Exit Inspection AND Quarantine Bureau, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng Teng
- Microbiology Laboratory, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Chun Wang
- Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaren Shen
- Microbiology Laboratory, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Ye Gao
- Microbiology Laboratory, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaokui Zhu
- Microbiology Laboratory, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiayu Wang
- Microbiology Laboratory, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengan Yuan
- Microbiology Laboratory, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Wu
- Microbiology Laboratory, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Microbiology Laboratory, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Reena Ghildyal
- Centre for Research in Therapeutic Solutions, Faculty of Applied Science, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australia
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Norja P, Hedman L, Kantola K, Kemppainen K, Suvilehto J, Pitkäranta A, Aaltonen LM, Seppänen M, Hedman K, Söderlund-Venermo M. Occurrence of human bocaviruses and parvovirus 4 in solid tissues. J Med Virol 2012; 84:1267-73. [PMID: 22711355 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.23335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Human bocaviruses 1-4 (HBoV1-4) and parvovirus 4 (PARV4) are recently discovered human parvoviruses. HBoV1 is associated with respiratory infections of young children, while HBoV2-4 are enteric viruses. The clinical manifestations of PARV4 remain unknown. The objective of this study was to determine whether the DNAs of HBoV1-4 and PARV4 persist in human tissues long after primary infection. Biopsies of tonsillar tissue, skin, and synovia were examined for HBoV1-4 DNA and PARV4 DNA by PCR. Serum samples from the tissue donors were assayed for HBoV1 and PARV4 IgG and IgM antibodies. To obtain species-specific seroprevalences for HBoV1 and for HBoV2/3 combined, the sera were analyzed after virus-like particle (VLP) competition. While HBoV1 DNA was detected exclusively in the tonsillar tissues of 16/438 individuals (3.7%), all of them ≤8 years of age. HBoV2-4 and PARV4 DNAs were absent from all tissue types. HBoV1 IgG seroprevalence was 94.9%. No subject had HBoV1 or PARV4 IgM, nor did they have PARV4 IgG. The results indicate that HBoV1 DNA occurred in a small proportion of tonsils of young children after recent primary HBoV1 infection, but did not persist long in the other tissue types studied, unlike parvovirus B19 DNA. The results obtained by the PARV4 assays are in line with previous results on PARV4 epidemiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Päivi Norja
- Department of Virology, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
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35
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Proenca-Modena JL, Pereira Valera FC, Jacob MG, Buzatto GP, Saturno TH, Lopes L, Souza JM, Paula FE, Silva ML, Carenzi LR, Tamashiro E, Arruda E, Anselmo-Lima WT. High rates of detection of respiratory viruses in tonsillar tissues from children with chronic adenotonsillar disease. PLoS One 2012; 7:e42136. [PMID: 22870291 PMCID: PMC3411673 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0042136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2012] [Accepted: 07/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic tonsillar diseases are an important health problem, leading to large numbers of surgical procedures worldwide. Little is known about pathogenesis of these diseases. In order to investigate the role of respiratory viruses in chronic adenotonsillar diseases, we developed a cross-sectional study to determine the rates of viral detections of common respiratory viruses detected by TaqMan real time PCR (qPCR) in nasopharyngeal secretions, tonsillar tissues and peripheral blood from 121 children with chronic tonsillar diseases, without symptoms of acute respiratory infections. At least one respiratory virus was detected in 97.5% of patients. The viral co-infection rate was 69.5%. The most frequently detected viruses were human adenovirus in 47.1%, human enterovirus in 40.5%, human rhinovirus in 38%, human bocavirus in 29.8%, human metapneumovirus in 17.4% and human respiratory syncytial virus in 15.7%. Results of qPCR varied widely between sample sites: human adenovirus, human bocavirus and human enterovirus were predominantly detected in tissues, while human rhinovirus was more frequently detected in secretions. Rates of virus detection were remarkably high in tonsil tissues: over 85% in adenoids and close to 70% in palatine tonsils. In addition, overall virus detection rates were higher in more hypertrophic than in smaller adenoids (p = 0.05), and in the particular case of human enteroviruses, they were detected more frequently (p = 0.05) in larger palatine tonsils than in smaller ones. While persistence/latency of DNA viruses in tonsillar tissues has been documented, such is not the case of RNA viruses. Respiratory viruses are highly prevalent in adenoids and palatine tonsils of patients with chronic tonsillar diseases, and persistence of these viruses in tonsils may stimulate chronic inflammation and play a role in the pathogenesis of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Luiz Proenca-Modena
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine of Ribeirao Preto of University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
- Virology Research Center, School of Medicine of Ribeirao Preto of University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Fabiana Cardoso Pereira Valera
- Department of Ophthalmology, Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine of Ribeirao Preto of University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Marcos Gerhardinger Jacob
- Virology Research Center, School of Medicine of Ribeirao Preto of University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Pietrucci Buzatto
- Department of Ophthalmology, Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine of Ribeirao Preto of University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Tamara Honorato Saturno
- Virology Research Center, School of Medicine of Ribeirao Preto of University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Lucia Lopes
- Virology Research Center, School of Medicine of Ribeirao Preto of University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Jamila Mendonça Souza
- Virology Research Center, School of Medicine of Ribeirao Preto of University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Flavia Escremim Paula
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine of Ribeirao Preto of University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
- Virology Research Center, School of Medicine of Ribeirao Preto of University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Maria Lucia Silva
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine of Ribeirao Preto of University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
- Virology Research Center, School of Medicine of Ribeirao Preto of University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Lucas Rodrigues Carenzi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine of Ribeirao Preto of University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Edwin Tamashiro
- Department of Ophthalmology, Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine of Ribeirao Preto of University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Eurico Arruda
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine of Ribeirao Preto of University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
- Virology Research Center, School of Medicine of Ribeirao Preto of University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Wilma Terezinha Anselmo-Lima
- Department of Ophthalmology, Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine of Ribeirao Preto of University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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