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Schreurs RRCE, Koulis A, Booiman T, Boeser-Nunnink B, Cloherty APM, Rader AG, Patel KS, Kootstra NA, Ribeiro CMS. Autophagy-enhancing ATG16L1 polymorphism is associated with improved clinical outcome and T-cell immunity in chronic HIV-1 infection. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2465. [PMID: 38548722 PMCID: PMC10979031 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46606-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic HIV-1 infection is characterized by T-cell dysregulation that is partly restored by antiretroviral therapy. Autophagy is a critical regulator of T-cell function. Here, we demonstrate a protective role for autophagy in HIV-1 disease pathogenesis. Targeted analysis of genetic variation in core autophagy gene ATG16L1 reveals the previously unidentified rs6861 polymorphism, which correlates functionally with enhanced autophagy and clinically with improved survival of untreated HIV-1-infected individuals. T-cells carrying ATG16L1 rs6861(TT) genotype display improved antiviral immunity, evidenced by increased proliferation, revamped immune responsiveness, and suppressed exhaustion/immunosenescence features. In-depth flow-cytometric and transcriptional profiling reveal T-helper-cell-signatures unique to rs6861(TT) individuals with enriched regulation of pro-inflammatory networks and skewing towards immunoregulatory phenotype. Therapeutic enhancement of autophagy recapitulates the rs6861(TT)-associated T-cell traits in non-carriers. These data underscore the in vivo relevance of autophagy for longer-lasting T-cell-mediated HIV-1 control, with implications towards development of host-directed antivirals targeting autophagy to restore immune function in chronic HIV-1 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renée R C E Schreurs
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Experimental Immunology, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam institute for Immunology & Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Athanasios Koulis
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Experimental Immunology, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam institute for Immunology & Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Thijs Booiman
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Experimental Immunology, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam institute for Immunology & Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Brigitte Boeser-Nunnink
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Experimental Immunology, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam institute for Immunology & Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alexandra P M Cloherty
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Experimental Immunology, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam institute for Immunology & Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anusca G Rader
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Experimental Immunology, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam institute for Immunology & Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kharishma S Patel
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Experimental Immunology, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam institute for Immunology & Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Neeltje A Kootstra
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Experimental Immunology, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam institute for Immunology & Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Carla M S Ribeiro
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Experimental Immunology, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Amsterdam institute for Immunology & Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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2
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Tohidi N, Manshadi SAD, Hajiabdolbaghi M. Association of TREX1 polymorphism with disease progression in human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) infected patients. Virus Genes 2023; 59:831-835. [PMID: 37728706 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-023-02032-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
The time interval between HIV-1 infection and AIDS development is not the same in all patients and depends largely on the genetic background of the individual. Polymorphisms in the TREX1 gene, the main enzyme in the clearance of cytosolic DNA, affect type 1 interferon-mediated inflammatory response in HIV-1 infection. We aimed to study the role of a single nucleotide polymorphism (rs3135941) of the TREX1 gene and the rate of disease progression in patients infected with HIV-1. A total of 190 HIV-1 infected patients were recruited. Patients' demographic and laboratory data including CD4 counts, viral load, and antiretroviral therapy (ART) were collected. The genotype of rs3135941 was determined by a PCR-SSP method. The rate of progression to AIDS was calculated with Kaplan-Meier survival analysis using Stata software. The patients were divided into rapid and slow progressors based on time interval of CD4 drop below 350/µl. Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed an accelerated disease progression in patients with TC and CC genotypes (HR = 1.49, 95% CI = 1.01-2.17). The mean values of the first 5-year CD4 counts were significantly different in patients who had CC and TC genotypes compared to the TT group (p = 0.036). The result of this study emphasizes the importance of TREX1 polymorphism in HIV-1 progression. These data warrant further investigation into the role of other polymorphisms of TREX1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nastaran Tohidi
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1419733141, Iran
| | - Seyed Ali Dehghan Manshadi
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1419733141, Iran
| | - Mahboubeh Hajiabdolbaghi
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1419733141, Iran.
- Iranian Research Center of HIV/AIDS, Iranian Institute for Reduction of High-Risk Behaviors, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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3
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van Pul L, Maurer I, Boeser-Nunnink BD, Harskamp AM, van Dort KA, Kootstra NA. A genetic variation in fucosyltransferase 8 accelerates HIV-1 disease progression indicating a role for N-glycan fucosylation. AIDS 2023; 37:1959-1969. [PMID: 37598360 PMCID: PMC10552802 DOI: 10.1097/qad.0000000000003689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Core fucosylation by fucosyltransferase 8 (FUT8) is an important posttranslational modification that impacts components of the immune system. Genetic variations in FUT8 can alter its function and could, therefore, play a role in the antiviral immune response and pathogenesis of HIV-1. This study analysed the effect of a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in FUT8 on the clinical course of HIV-1 infection. DESIGN/METHODS The effect of SNPs in FUT8 on untreated HIV-1 disease outcome were analysed in a cohort of 304 people with HIV-1 (PWH) using survival analysis. Flow-cytometry was used to determine the effect of SNP on T-cell activation, differentiation and exhaustion/senescence. T-cell function was determined by proliferation assay and by measuring intracellular cytokine production. The effect of the SNP on HIV-1 replication was determined by in-vitro HIV-1 infections. Sensitivity of HIV-1 produced in PBMC with or without the SNP to broadly neutralizing antibodies was determined using a TZM-bl based neutralization assay. RESULTS Presence of the minor allele of SNP rs4131564 was associated with accelerated disease progression. The SNP had no effect on T-cell activation and T-cell differentiation in PWH. Additionally, no differences in T-cell functionality as determined by proliferation and cytokine production was observed. HIV-1 replication and neutralization sensitivity was also unaffected by the SNP in FUT8. CONCLUSION SNP rs4131564 in FUT8 showed a major impact on HIV-1 disease course underscoring a role for N-glycan fucosylation even though no clear effect on the immune system or HIV-1 could be determined in vitro .
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa van Pul
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Irma Maurer
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Brigitte D.M. Boeser-Nunnink
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Agnes M. Harskamp
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Karel A. van Dort
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Neeltje A. Kootstra
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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4
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Mathur R, Fang F, Gaddis N, Hancock DB, Cho MH, Hokanson JE, Bierut LJ, Lutz SM, Young K, Smith AV, Silverman EK, Page GP, Johnson EO. GAWMerge expands GWAS sample size and diversity by combining array-based genotyping and whole-genome sequencing. Commun Biol 2022; 5:806. [PMID: 35953715 PMCID: PMC9372058 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03738-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have made impactful discoveries for complex diseases, often by amassing very large sample sizes. Yet, GWAS of many diseases remain underpowered, especially for non-European ancestries. One cost-effective approach to increase sample size is to combine existing cohorts, which may have limited sample size or be case-only, with public controls, but this approach is limited by the need for a large overlap in variants across genotyping arrays and the scarcity of non-European controls. We developed and validated a protocol, Genotyping Array-WGS Merge (GAWMerge), for combining genotypes from arrays and whole-genome sequencing, ensuring complete variant overlap, and allowing for diverse samples like Trans-Omics for Precision Medicine to be used. Our protocol involves phasing, imputation, and filtering. We illustrated its ability to control technology driven artifacts and type-I error, as well as recover known disease-associated signals across technologies, independent datasets, and ancestries in smoking-related cohorts. GAWMerge enables genetic studies to leverage existing cohorts to validly increase sample size and enhance discovery for understudied traits and ancestries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Mathur
- GenOmics, Bioinformatics, and Translational Research Center, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Fang Fang
- GenOmics, Bioinformatics, and Translational Research Center, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Nathan Gaddis
- GenOmics, Bioinformatics, and Translational Research Center, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Dana B Hancock
- GenOmics, Bioinformatics, and Translational Research Center, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Michael H Cho
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - John E Hokanson
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Laura J Bierut
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Sharon M Lutz
- PRecisiOn Medicine Translational Research (PROMoTeR) Center, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kendra Young
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Albert V Smith
- Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Edwin K Silverman
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Grier P Page
- GenOmics, Bioinformatics, and Translational Research Center, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
- Fellow Program, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Eric O Johnson
- GenOmics, Bioinformatics, and Translational Research Center, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.
- Fellow Program, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.
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5
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Benton ML, Abraham A, LaBella AL, Abbot P, Rokas A, Capra JA. The influence of evolutionary history on human health and disease. Nat Rev Genet 2021; 22:269-283. [PMID: 33408383 PMCID: PMC7787134 DOI: 10.1038/s41576-020-00305-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Nearly all genetic variants that influence disease risk have human-specific origins; however, the systems they influence have ancient roots that often trace back to evolutionary events long before the origin of humans. Here, we review how advances in our understanding of the genetic architectures of diseases, recent human evolution and deep evolutionary history can help explain how and why humans in modern environments become ill. Human populations exhibit differences in the prevalence of many common and rare genetic diseases. These differences are largely the result of the diverse environmental, cultural, demographic and genetic histories of modern human populations. Synthesizing our growing knowledge of evolutionary history with genetic medicine, while accounting for environmental and social factors, will help to achieve the promise of personalized genomics and realize the potential hidden in an individual's DNA sequence to guide clinical decisions. In short, precision medicine is fundamentally evolutionary medicine, and integration of evolutionary perspectives into the clinic will support the realization of its full potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Lauren Benton
- grid.152326.10000 0001 2264 7217Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN USA ,grid.252890.40000 0001 2111 2894Department of Computer Science, Baylor University, Waco, TX USA
| | - Abin Abraham
- grid.152326.10000 0001 2264 7217Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN USA ,grid.152326.10000 0001 2264 7217Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN USA
| | - Abigail L. LaBella
- grid.152326.10000 0001 2264 7217Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN USA
| | - Patrick Abbot
- grid.152326.10000 0001 2264 7217Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN USA
| | - Antonis Rokas
- grid.152326.10000 0001 2264 7217Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN USA ,grid.152326.10000 0001 2264 7217Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN USA ,grid.152326.10000 0001 2264 7217Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN USA
| | - John A. Capra
- grid.152326.10000 0001 2264 7217Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN USA ,grid.152326.10000 0001 2264 7217Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN USA ,grid.266102.10000 0001 2297 6811Bakar Computational Health Sciences Institute and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, CA USA
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6
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Singh H, Nambiar N, Samani D, Gangakhedkar RR. Occurrence of Interleukin-2 (330 G/T) Promoter Polymorphism in ARV associated hepatotoxicity. Curr Mol Med 2020; 19:206-215. [PMID: 30973108 DOI: 10.2174/1566524019666190411093451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2018] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND IL-2 cytokine is involved in HIV replication and is also known to cause hepatic injury. Polymorphisms in the IL-2 gene are associated with altered interleukin-2 production. METHODS Hence, we assessed the prevalence of IL-2-303G/T polymorphism in 165 HIV patients (34 with and 131without hepatotoxicity) and 155 healthy controls using the PCR-RFLP method. RESULTS In patients with hepatotoxicity, IL-2-303GT, -303GT+TT genotypes were less prevalent as compared to without hepatotoxicity and healthy controls (29.4% vs. 42.7%, 58.8% vs. 69.5%; 29.4% vs. 40.6%, 58.8% vs. 66.5%, respectively). In patients with hepatotoxicity using tobacco and alcohol, IL-2-303GT,-303TT genotypes were distributed higher as compared to non-users (42.9% vs. 25.9%, OR=8.52, 42.9% vs. 25.9%, OR=9.09, and 28.6% vs. 29.6%, OR=1.63, 42.9% vs. 25.9%, OR=2.93), while IL-2-303TT genotype occurred more often in HIV patients consuming alcohol (34.1% vs. 23.0%). Nevirapine users with hepatotoxicity overrepresented the IL-2-303GT,-303TT genotypes as compared to efavirenz (34.8% vs. 18.2%, OR=4.64, 34.8% vs. 18.2%, OR=3.88). Among nevirapine users, IL-2-303GT genotype was associated with susceptibility to the acquisition of hepatotoxicity with borderline significance (OR=4.24, P=0.06). HIV patients using nevirapine majorly represented the IL-2-303TT genotype (26.9% vs. 25.0%, OR=2.35) while HIV patients with nevirapine + alcohol usage presented the IL-2 -330TT genotype at a higher frequency (34.2%% vs. 23.5%, OR=1.51). In patients with hepatotoxicity using nevirapine + alcohol, the genotype IL-2 - 330TT was predominant (60.0% vs. 27.8%, OR=3.16). CONCLUSION Thus, IL-2-303G/T polymorphism did not confer the susceptibility to ARV associated hepatotoxicity. However, IL-2-303G/T polymorphism with nevirapine usage may facilitate the risk for acquisition of ARV associated hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- HariOm Singh
- Department of Molecular Biology, National AIDS Research Institute Pune- 411026, India
| | - Nayana Nambiar
- Department of Molecular Biology, National AIDS Research Institute Pune- 411026, India
| | - Dharmesh Samani
- Department of Molecular Biology, National AIDS Research Institute Pune- 411026, India
| | - Raman R Gangakhedkar
- Department of Clinical Sciences, National AIDS Research Institute Pune- 411026, India
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7
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Genetic variations in the host dependency factors ALCAM and TPST2 impact HIV-1 disease progression. AIDS 2020; 34:1303-1312. [PMID: 32287057 DOI: 10.1097/qad.0000000000002540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Recently, the activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule (ALCAM) and tyrosylprotein sulfotransferase 2 (TPST2) have been identified as important host dependency factors (HDFs) for in-vitro HIV-1 replication. To determine whether these genes play a role in HIV-1 pathogenesis, we analysed whether naturally occurring genetic variations were associated with the clinical course of infection. DESIGN/METHODS Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in ALCAM and TPST2 were analysed in a cohort of 304 HIV-1-infected men who have sex with men and survival analysis was used to determine their effect on the outcome of untreated HIV-1 infection. Flowcytometry was used to determine the effect of SNPs on CD4 T-cell activation prior to HIV-1 infection and 1 and 5 years after infection. In-vitro HIV-1 infections were performed to analyse the effect of the SNPs on HIV-1 replication. RESULTS We observed that the minor allele of rs1344861 in ALCAM was associated with accelerated disease progression, whereas the minor allele of rs9613199 in TPST2 was associated with delayed disease progression. In-vitro infection assays did not demonstrate any differences in HIV-1 replication associated with rs9613199. However, the increase in CD4 T-cell immune activation levels during HIV-1 infection was less pronounced in infected individuals homozygous for rs9613199, which is in agreement with delayed disease progression. CONCLUSION Our data demonstrate that ALCAM and TPST2 play a role in HIV-1 pathogenesis. SNPs in these genes, without known functional implications, had a major effect on disease progression, and therefore, these HDFs may be attractive and effective targets for new treatment strategies.
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8
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Gingras SN, Tang D, Tuff J, McLaren PJ. Minding the gap in HIV host genetics: opportunities and challenges. Hum Genet 2020; 139:865-875. [PMID: 32409920 PMCID: PMC7272494 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-020-02177-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have been successful in identifying and confirming novel genetic variants that are associated with diverse HIV phenotypes. However, these studies have predominantly focused on European cohorts. HLA molecules have been consistently associated with HIV outcomes, some of which have been found to be population specific, underscoring the need for diversity in GWAS. Recently, there has been a concerted effort to address this gap that leads to health care (disease prevention, diagnosis, treatment) disparities with marginal improvement. As precision medicine becomes more utilized, non-European individuals will be more and more disadvantaged, as the genetic variants identified in genomic research based on European populations may not accurately reflect that of non-European individuals. Leveraging pre-existing, large, multiethnic cohorts, such as the UK Biobank, 23andMe, and the National Institute of Health's All of Us Research Program, can contribute in raising genomic research in non-European populations and ultimately lead to better health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanelle N. Gingras
- JC Wilt Infectious Diseases Research Centre, National HIV and Retrovirology Lab, National Microbiology Laboratories, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Canada
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - David Tang
- JC Wilt Infectious Diseases Research Centre, National HIV and Retrovirology Lab, National Microbiology Laboratories, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Canada
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Jeffrey Tuff
- JC Wilt Infectious Diseases Research Centre, National HIV and Retrovirology Lab, National Microbiology Laboratories, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Canada
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Paul J. McLaren
- JC Wilt Infectious Diseases Research Centre, National HIV and Retrovirology Lab, National Microbiology Laboratories, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Canada
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
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9
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Loureiro Dos Reis MM, Queiroz MAF, da Silva BCM, da Silva Duarte AJ, Casseb J, Arganaraz GA, Vallinoto ACR, Argañaraz ER. IL6 and FAS/FASL gene polymorphisms may be associated with disease progression in HIV-1-positive ethnically mixed patients. J Med Virol 2020; 92:1148-1157. [PMID: 31825106 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.25651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The progression of AIDS depends on the complex host and virus interactions. The most important disease progression hallmarks are immune activation and apoptosis. In this study, we address the prevalence of polymorphisms related to proinflammatory and apoptotic genes, such as IFNG (+874T/A), TNF (308G/A), IL6 (-174G/C), IL8 (-251A/T), FAS (-670A/G), and FASL (-124A/G) in 160 ethnically mixed HIV-1-infected patients from multicentre cohorts with different clinical outcomes (13 elite controllers [EC], 66 slow long-term non-progressors [LTNPs], and 81 progressors [P]). The genotyping was accomplished by TaqMan-qPCR. Among all the polymorphisms analyzed in the cytokines, the IL6 -174G/C polymorphism showed a higher frequency of GG genotype in the LTNP and LTNP+EC groups as compared to the P group. Moreover, there was a significantly higher frequency of the G allele in the LTNP and LTNP+EC groups as compared to the P group. On the other hand, the levels of CD4+ T lymphocytes were higher among individuals showing the AA and AG genotypes for the FASL -124A/G polymorphism as compared to the GG genotype. Furthermore, the AG and AA genotypes were more frequent, as compared to the GG genotype, in individuals showing a lower viral load. In contrast, for the FAS -670A/G polymorphism, a significantly higher viral load was observed in individuals with the AG genotype as compared to the GG genotype. In conclusion, we found three genetic allelic variants of the IL6 -174G/C, FASL -124A/G, and FAS -670A/G polymorphisms that were related to disease progression and immunological and virological markers in cohorts of HIV-1-positive ethnically mixed patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marília M Loureiro Dos Reis
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurovirology, Faculty of Health Science, University of Brasília, Brasilia, DF, Brazil
| | - Maria A F Queiroz
- Virus Laboratory, Institute of Biological Science, Federal University of Para, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Bosco C M da Silva
- Medical Investigation Laboratory Unit 56 (LIM/56), Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Alberto J da Silva Duarte
- Medical Investigation Laboratory Unit 56 (LIM/56), Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Jorge Casseb
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of São Paulo
| | - Gustavo A Arganaraz
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurovirology, Faculty of Health Science, University of Brasília, Brasilia, DF, Brazil
| | - Antonio C R Vallinoto
- Virus Laboratory, Institute of Biological Science, Federal University of Para, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Enrique R Argañaraz
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurovirology, Faculty of Health Science, University of Brasília, Brasilia, DF, Brazil
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10
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Thami PK, Chimusa ER. Population Structure and Implications on the Genetic Architecture of HIV-1 Phenotypes Within Southern Africa. Front Genet 2019; 10:905. [PMID: 31611910 PMCID: PMC6777512 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The interesting history of Southern Africa has put the region in the spotlight for population medical genetics. Major events including the Bantu expansion and European colonialism have imprinted unique genetic signatures within autochthonous populations of Southern Africa, this resulting in differential allele frequencies across the region. This genetic structure has potential implications on susceptibility and resistance to infectious diseases such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Southern Africa is the region affected worst by HIV. Here, we discuss advances made in genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of HIV-1 in the past 12 years and dissect population diversity within Southern Africa. Our findings accentuate that a plethora of factors such as migration, language and culture, admixture, and natural selection have profiled the genetics of the people of Southern Africa. Genetic structure has been observed among the Khoe-San, among Bantu speakers, and between the Khoe-San, Coloureds, and Bantu speakers. Moreover, Southern African populations have complex admixture scenarios. Few GWAS of HIV-1 have been conducted in Southern Africa, with only one of these identifying two novel variants (HCG22rs2535307 and CCNG1kgp22385164) significantly associated with HIV-1 acquisition and progression. High genetic diversity, multi-wave genetic mixture and low linkage disequilibrium of Southern African populations constitute a challenge in identifying genetic variants with modest risk or protective effect against HIV-1. We therefore posit that it is compelling to assess genome-wide contribution of ancestry to HIV-1 infection. We further suggest robust methods that can pin-point population-specific variants that may contribute to the control of HIV-1 in Southern Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prisca K Thami
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Research Laboratory, Botswana Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Emile R Chimusa
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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11
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Le Clerc S, Limou S, Zagury JF. Large-Scale "OMICS" Studies to Explore the Physiopatholgy of HIV-1 Infection. Front Genet 2019; 10:799. [PMID: 31572435 PMCID: PMC6754074 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review, we present the main large-scale experimental studies that have been performed in the HIV/AIDS field. These “omics” studies are based on several technologies including genotyping, RNA interference, and transcriptome or epigenome analysis. Due to the direct connection with disease evolution, there has been a large focus on genotyping cohorts of well-characterized patients through genome-wide association studies (GWASs), but there have also been several invitro studies such as small interfering RNA (siRNA) interference or transcriptome analyses of HIV-1–infected cells. After describing the major results obtained with these omics technologies—including some with a high relevance for HIV-1 treatment—we discuss the next steps that the community needs to embrace in order to derive new actionable therapeutic or diagnostic targets. Only integrative approaches that combine all big data results and consider their complex interactions will allow us to capture the global picture of HIV molecular pathogenesis. This novel challenge will require large collaborative efforts and represents a huge open field for innovative bioinformatics approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sigrid Le Clerc
- Laboratoire GBCM, EA7528, Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers, HESAM Université, Paris, France
| | - Sophie Limou
- Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie UMR1064, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,Institut de Transplantation en Urologie et Néphrologie (ITUN), CHU de Nantes, Nantes, France.,Computer Sciences and Mathematics Department, Ecole Centrale de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Jean-François Zagury
- Laboratoire GBCM, EA7528, Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers, HESAM Université, Paris, France
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Díez-Fuertes F, De La Torre-Tarazona HE, Calonge E, Pernas M, Bermejo M, García-Pérez J, Álvarez A, Capa L, García-García F, Saumoy M, Riera M, Boland-Auge A, López-Galíndez C, Lathrop M, Dopazo J, Sakuntabhai A, Alcamí J. Association of a single nucleotide polymorphism in the ubxn6 gene with long-term non-progression phenotype in HIV-positive individuals. Clin Microbiol Infect 2019; 26:107-114. [PMID: 31158522 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2019.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The long-term non-progressors (LTNPs) are a heterogeneous group of HIV-positive individuals characterized by their ability to maintain high CD4+ T-cell counts and partially control viral replication for years in the absence of antiretroviral therapy. The present study aims to identify host single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with non-progression in a cohort of 352 individuals. METHODS DNA microarrays and exome sequencing were used for genotyping about 240 000 functional polymorphisms throughout more than 20 000 human genes. The allele frequencies of 85 LTNPs were compared with a control population. SNPs associated with LTNPs were confirmed in a population of typical progressors. Functional analyses in the affected gene were carried out through knockdown experiments in HeLa-P4, macrophages and dendritic cells. RESULTS Several SNPs located within the major histocompatibility complex region previously related to LTNPs were confirmed in this new cohort. The SNP rs1127888 (UBXN6) surpassed the statistical significance of these markers after Bonferroni correction (q = 2.11 × 10-6). An uncommon allelic frequency of rs1127888 among LTNPs was confirmed by comparison with typical progressors and other publicly available populations. UBXN6 knockdown experiments caused an increase in CAV1 expression and its accumulation in the plasma membrane. In vitro infection of different cell types with HIV-1 replication-competent recombinant viruses caused a reduction of the viral replication capacity compared with their corresponding wild-type cells expressing UBXN6. CONCLUSIONS A higher prevalence of Ala31Thr in UBXN6 was found among LTNPs within its N-terminal region, which is crucial for UBXN6/VCP protein complex formation. UBXN6 knockdown affected CAV1 turnover and HIV-1 replication capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Díez-Fuertes
- AIDS Immunopathology Unit, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Hospital Clínic- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - H E De La Torre-Tarazona
- AIDS Immunopathology Unit, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - E Calonge
- AIDS Immunopathology Unit, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Pernas
- Molecular Virology Unit, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Bermejo
- AIDS Immunopathology Unit, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - J García-Pérez
- AIDS Immunopathology Unit, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - A Álvarez
- AIDS Immunopathology Unit, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - L Capa
- AIDS Immunopathology Unit, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - F García-García
- Unidad de Bioinformática y Bioestadística, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe (CIPF), Valencia, Spain
| | - M Saumoy
- HIV Unit, Infectious Disease Service, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Riera
- Servicio de Medicina Interna-Infecciosas, Hospital Universitario "Son Espases", Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - A Boland-Auge
- Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine (CNRGH), Institut de Biologie François Jacob, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, Evry, France
| | - C López-Galíndez
- Molecular Virology Unit, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Lathrop
- Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine (CNRGH), Institut de Biologie François Jacob, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, Evry, France
| | - J Dopazo
- Clinical Bioinformatics Area, Fundación Progreso y Salud (FPS), CDCA, Hospital Virgen del Rocio, Sevilla, Spain; Bioinformatics in Rare Diseases (BiER), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), FPS, Hospital Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain; INB-ELIXIR-es, FPS, Hospital Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain
| | - A Sakuntabhai
- Functional Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Pasteur Institute, Paris, France
| | - J Alcamí
- AIDS Immunopathology Unit, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Hospital Clínic- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.
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Genetic and immune determinants of immune activation in HIV-exposed seronegative individuals and their role in protection against HIV infection. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2017; 66:325-334. [PMID: 29258786 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2017.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Revised: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Soon thereafter infection is established, hosts strive for an efficient eradication of microorganisms, with as limited tissue damage as possible, and durable immunological protection against re-infection. On the other hand, pathogens have developed countermeasures to escape host surveillance and to warrant diffusion to other hosts. In this molecular arms race the final results relies on multiple variables, including the genetic and immunologic e correlates of protection available for the host. In the field of HIV-infection, natural protection has been repeatedly associated to the presence of an immune activation state, at least in some cohorts of HESN (HIV-exposed seronegative). Indeed, these subjects, who naturally resist HIV-infection despite repeated exposure to the virus, are characterized by an increased expression of activation markers on circulating cells and greater production of immunological effector molecules both in basal condition and upon specific-stimulation. Although these results are not univocally shared, several publications emphasize the existence of a correlation between polymorphisms in genes associated with increased immune activation and the HESN phenotype. In this review, we will describe some of the genetic variants associated with protection against HIV infection. Understanding the basis of HIV resistance in HESN is mandatory to develop new preventative and therapeutic interventions.
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Xie W, Agniel D, Shevchenko A, Malov SV, Svitin A, Cherkasov N, Baum MK, Campa A, Gaseitsiwe S, Bussmann H, Makhema J, Marlink R, Novitsky V, Lee TH, Cai T, O'Brien SJ, Essex M. Genome-Wide Analyses Reveal Gene Influence on HIV Disease Progression and HIV-1C Acquisition in Southern Africa. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2017; 33:597-609. [PMID: 28132517 DOI: 10.1089/aid.2016.0017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Sub-Saharan Africans infected with HIV-1C make up the largest AIDS patient population in the world and exhibit large heterogeneity in disease progression before initiating antiretroviral therapy. To identify host variants associated with HIV disease progression, we performed genome-wide association studies on a total of 556 treatment-naive HIV-infected individuals in Botswana. We characterized the pattern of HIV disease progression using a novel functional principal component analysis, which can better capture longitudinal CD4 and viral load (VL) trajectories. Two single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) near HCG22 (chr6, peak variant rs2535307, combined p = 3.72 × 10-7, minor allele as risky allele) and CCNG1 (chr5, peak variant kgp22385164, combined p = 1.88 × 10-6, minor allele as risky allele) were significantly associated with CD4 and VL dynamics. Inspection of SNPs in these gene regions in a third Botswana cohort (using GWATCH) also revealed a strong association of HCG22 with HIV-1C acquisition, suggesting that this region is associated with infection as well as disease progression. Our study uncovered two genetic regions that are significant and have specific effects on HIV-1C acquisition or progression in sub-Saharan Africans, and the result suggested new potential targets for AIDS prevention and treatment. In addition, our results also indicate the possibility of using genetic markers as HIV disease progression indicators in sub-Saharan Africans to prioritize fast progressors for antiretroviral treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Xie
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health AIDS Initiative, Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- Botswana Harvard AIDS Institute, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Denis Agniel
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Andrey Shevchenko
- Theodosius Dobzhansky Center for Genome Bioinformatics, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Sergey V. Malov
- Theodosius Dobzhansky Center for Genome Bioinformatics, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
- Department of Mathematics, St. Petersburg Electrotechnical University, St Petersburg, Russia
| | - Anton Svitin
- Theodosius Dobzhansky Center for Genome Bioinformatics, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Nikolay Cherkasov
- Theodosius Dobzhansky Center for Genome Bioinformatics, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Marianna K. Baum
- Department of Dietetics and Nutrition, Robert Stempel College of Public Health & Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, Florida
| | - Adriana Campa
- Department of Dietetics and Nutrition, Robert Stempel College of Public Health & Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, Florida
| | - Simani Gaseitsiwe
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health AIDS Initiative, Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- Botswana Harvard AIDS Institute, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Hermann Bussmann
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health AIDS Initiative, Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- Botswana Harvard AIDS Institute, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Joseph Makhema
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health AIDS Initiative, Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- Botswana Harvard AIDS Institute, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Richard Marlink
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health AIDS Initiative, Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- Botswana Harvard AIDS Institute, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Vladimir Novitsky
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health AIDS Initiative, Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- Botswana Harvard AIDS Institute, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Tun-Hou Lee
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health AIDS Initiative, Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Tianxi Cai
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Stephen J. O'Brien
- Theodosius Dobzhansky Center for Genome Bioinformatics, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
- Oceanographic Center, Nova Southeastern University, Ft. Lauderdale, Florida
| | - M. Essex
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health AIDS Initiative, Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- Botswana Harvard AIDS Institute, Gaborone, Botswana
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Zhao J, She S, Xie L, Chen X, Mo C, Huang L, Tang W, Chen X. The Effects of RANTES Polymorphisms on Susceptibility to HIV-1 Infection and Disease Progression: Evidence from an Updated Meta-Analysis. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2016; 32:517-28. [PMID: 26690919 DOI: 10.1089/aid.2015.0312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Associations of regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES) -403G/A, -28C/G, and In1.1T/C polymorphisms with HIV-1 infection and the progression of HIV-1 disease have been widely reported with inconsistent results. To clarify this situation, we performed an updated meta-analysis of all available studies from PubMed, EMBASE, and the China National Knowledge Infrastructure. A total of 24 eligible studies involving more than 10,000 subjects were included. By using the healthy controls, we found that -403G/A polymorphism was significantly associated with reduced susceptibility to HIV-1 infection in G/A+A/A versus GG (odds ratio [OR] = 0.755, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.581-0.982); and a significantly decreased risk was also found for -28C/G polymorphisms (G vs. C, OR = 0.804, 95% CI = 0.696-0.927; G/G+C/G vs. C/C, OR = 0.826, 95% CI = 0.704-0.969). Whereas for In1.1T/C polymorphism, increased risk of HIV-1 infection was revealed (C vs. T, OR = 1.216, 95% CI = 1.047-1.430; T/C vs. T/T, OR = 1.68, 95% CI = 1.263-2.234; T/C+T/T vs. C/C, OR = 1.466, 95% CI = 1.147-1.875). Subgroup analyses by ethnicity showed significant association among Asians, but not among Caucasians. When HIV-1-exposed seronegative (HESN) controls were used, no significant association was detected. Moreover, -403G/A and -28C/G polymorphisms were also not associated with long-term nonprogressive HIV-1 infection (all p > .05). This meta-analysis suggests that RANTES -403G/A and -28C/G polymorphisms confer possible protection against HIV-1 infection, whereas In1.1T/C polymorphism may increase risk of HIV-1 infection, especially in Asians. These results may contribute to finding a theoretical basis for effective control strategies against HIV/AIDS. Further investigations are needed to validate our conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangyang Zhao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Shangyang She
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Li Xie
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Xiaopei Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Cuiju Mo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Li Huang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Wenqian Tang
- Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Xuejie Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
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Polymorphisms of large effect explain the majority of the host genetic contribution to variation of HIV-1 virus load. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:14658-63. [PMID: 26553974 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1514867112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of HIV-1-infected populations have been underpowered to detect common variants with moderate impact on disease outcome and have not assessed the phenotypic variance explained by genome-wide additive effects. By combining the majority of available genome-wide genotyping data in HIV-infected populations, we tested for association between ∼8 million variants and viral load (HIV RNA copies per milliliter of plasma) in 6,315 individuals of European ancestry. The strongest signal of association was observed in the HLA class I region that was fully explained by independent effects mapping to five variable amino acid positions in the peptide binding grooves of the HLA-B and HLA-A proteins. We observed a second genome-wide significant association signal in the chemokine (C-C motif) receptor (CCR) gene cluster on chromosome 3. Conditional analysis showed that this signal could not be fully attributed to the known protective CCR5Δ32 allele and the risk P1 haplotype, suggesting further causal variants in this region. Heritability analysis demonstrated that common human genetic variation-mostly in the HLA and CCR5 regions-explains 25% of the variability in viral load. This study suggests that analyses in non-European populations and of variant classes not assessed by GWAS should be priorities for the field going forward.
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Spadoni JL, Rucart P, Le Clerc S, van Manen D, Coulonges C, Ulveling D, Laville V, Labib T, Taing L, Delaneau O, Montes M, Schuitemaker H, Noirel J, Zagury JF. Identification of Genes Whose Expression Profile Is Associated with Non-Progression towards AIDS Using eQTLs. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0136989. [PMID: 26367535 PMCID: PMC4569262 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0136989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many genome-wide association studies have been performed on progression towards the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) and they mainly identified associations within the HLA loci. In this study, we demonstrate that the integration of biological information, namely gene expression data, can enhance the sensitivity of genetic studies to unravel new genetic associations relevant to AIDS. METHODS We collated the biological information compiled from three databases of expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) involved in cells of the immune system. We derived a list of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that are functional in that they correlate with differential expression of genes in at least two of the databases. We tested the association of those SNPs with AIDS progression in two cohorts, GRIV and ACS. Tests on permuted phenotypes of the GRIV and ACS cohorts or on randomised sets of equivalent SNPs allowed us to assess the statistical robustness of this method and to estimate the true positive rate. RESULTS Eight genes were identified with high confidence (p = 0.001, rate of true positives 75%). Some of those genes had previously been linked with HIV infection. Notably, ENTPD4 belongs to the same family as CD39, whose expression has already been associated with AIDS progression; while DNAJB12 is part of the HSP90 pathway, which is involved in the control of HIV latency. Our study also drew our attention to lesser-known functions such as mitochondrial ribosomal proteins and a zinc finger protein, ZFP57, which could be central to the effectiveness of HIV infection. Interestingly, for six out of those eight genes, down-regulation is associated with non-progression, which makes them appealing targets to develop drugs against HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Louis Spadoni
- Chaire de Bioinformatique; Laboratoire Génomique, Bioinformatique, et Applications (EA 4627), Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Rucart
- Chaire de Bioinformatique; Laboratoire Génomique, Bioinformatique, et Applications (EA 4627), Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers, Paris, France
| | - Sigrid Le Clerc
- Chaire de Bioinformatique; Laboratoire Génomique, Bioinformatique, et Applications (EA 4627), Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers, Paris, France
| | - Daniëlle van Manen
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Sanquin Research, Landsteiner Laboratory, and Center for Infectious Diseases and Immunity Amsterdam (CINIMA), Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 15, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Crucell Holland B.V., Archimedesweg 4–6, 2333 CN, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Cédric Coulonges
- Chaire de Bioinformatique; Laboratoire Génomique, Bioinformatique, et Applications (EA 4627), Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers, Paris, France
| | - Damien Ulveling
- Chaire de Bioinformatique; Laboratoire Génomique, Bioinformatique, et Applications (EA 4627), Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers, Paris, France
| | - Vincent Laville
- Chaire de Bioinformatique; Laboratoire Génomique, Bioinformatique, et Applications (EA 4627), Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers, Paris, France
| | - Taoufik Labib
- Chaire de Bioinformatique; Laboratoire Génomique, Bioinformatique, et Applications (EA 4627), Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers, Paris, France
| | - Lieng Taing
- Chaire de Bioinformatique; Laboratoire Génomique, Bioinformatique, et Applications (EA 4627), Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Delaneau
- Département de Génétique et Développement, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Genève, Switzerland
| | - Matthieu Montes
- Chaire de Bioinformatique; Laboratoire Génomique, Bioinformatique, et Applications (EA 4627), Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers, Paris, France
| | - Hanneke Schuitemaker
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Sanquin Research, Landsteiner Laboratory, and Center for Infectious Diseases and Immunity Amsterdam (CINIMA), Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 15, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Crucell Holland B.V., Archimedesweg 4–6, 2333 CN, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Josselin Noirel
- Chaire de Bioinformatique; Laboratoire Génomique, Bioinformatique, et Applications (EA 4627), Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers, Paris, France
| | - Jean-François Zagury
- Chaire de Bioinformatique; Laboratoire Génomique, Bioinformatique, et Applications (EA 4627), Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers, Paris, France
- * E-mail:
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Infection history determines the differentiation state of human CD8+ T cells. J Virol 2015; 89:5110-23. [PMID: 25717102 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.03478-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED After the resolution of the acute phase of infection, otherwise quiescent antigen-experienced CD8(+) T cells confer rapid protection upon reinfection with viral pathogens or, in the case of persistent viruses, help to maintain control of the infection. Depending on the type of virus, antigen-specific CD8(+) T cells have distinct traits, ranging from typical memory cell properties in the case of rapidly cleared viruses to immediate effector functions for persistent viruses. We here show that both the differentiation stage, defined by the expression of cell surface markers, such as CD45RA, CCR7, CD28, and CD27, and distinct expression levels of T-bet and eomesodermin (Eomes) predict the functional profile of antigen-experienced CD8(+) T cells. Furthermore, virus-specific CD8(+) T cells targeting different respiratory syncytial virus-, influenza A virus-, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-, human cytomegalovirus (hCMV)-, and HIV-1-specific epitopes adopt distinct T-bet and Eomes expression patterns that appear to be installed early during the primary response. Importantly, the associations between surface phenotype, T-bet/Eomes expression levels, and the expression of markers that predict CD8(+) T-cell function change according to viral infection history, particularly against the background of HIV-1 and, to lesser extent, of human cytomegalovirus and/or Epstein-Barr virus infection. Thus, the functionality of human antigen-experienced CD8(+) T cells follows at least two dimensions, one outlined by the surface phenotype and another by the T-bet/Eomes expression levels, which are determined by previous or persistent viral challenges. IMPORTANCE Functional human CD8(+) T-cell subsets have been defined using surface markers like CD45RA, CCR7, CD28, and CD27. However, the induction of function-defining traits, like granzyme B expression, is controlled by transcription factors like T-bet and Eomes. Here, we describe how T-bet and Eomes levels distinctly relate to the expression of molecules predictive for CD8(+) T-cell function in a surface phenotype-independent manner. Importantly, we found that central memory and effector memory CD8(+) T-cell subsets differentially express T-bet, Eomes, and molecules predictive for function according to viral infection history, particularly so in the context of HIV-1 infection and, to lesser extent, of latent EBV- and/or hCMV-infected, otherwise healthy adults. Finally, we show that the distinct phenotypes and T-bet/Eomes levels of different virus-specific CD8(+) T-cell populations are imprinted early during the acute phase of primary infection in vivo. These findings broaden our understanding of CD8(+) T-cell differentiation.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Three prime repair exonuclease 1 (TREX1) plays a pivotal role in HIV-1 infection. In-vitro studies have shown that TREX1 degrades excess HIV-1 DNA, thereby shielding HIV-1 from recognition by innate immune receptors and preventing a type 1 interferon response. To determine whether TREX1 plays a role in HIV-1 pathogenesis, we analyzed whether genetic variation in Trex1 is associated with the clinical course of HIV-1 infection. DESIGN/METHODS Two tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in Trex1 were genotyped in a cohort of 304 HIV-1-infected MSM and a cohort of 66 high-risk seronegative individuals. Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression survival analyses were used to analyze the effect of the SNPs on HIV-1 disease progression. In-vitro HIV-1 infection assays and Trex1 mRNA analysis were performed in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) obtained from donors that were genotyped for the tag SNP in Trex1. RESULTS We observed that the minor allele of SNP rs3135941 in Trex1 is associated with faster HIV-1 disease progression. This association was independent of the CCR5-Δ32 genotype and human leukocyte antigen alleles that were previously found to be predictive of disease progression. In addition, we observed an increased HIV-1 replication in PBMC positive for the minor allele of SNP rs3135941. CONCLUSION Our data emphasize the important role of TREX1 in HIV-1 pathogenesis. The association of SNP rs3135941 with accelerated disease progression that we observed might be explained by the increased HIV-1 replication observed in PBMC positive for the minor allele of the SNP.
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Booiman T, Kootstra NA. Polymorphism in IFI16 affects CD4(+) T-cell counts in HIV-1 infection. Int J Immunogenet 2014; 41:518-20. [PMID: 25363454 DOI: 10.1111/iji.12157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2014] [Revised: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Interferon-γ-inducible protein 16 (IFI16) plays a pivotal role in the death of bystander CD4(+) T-cells. Here, we demonstrate that SNP rs1417806 in IFI16 is associated with CD4(+) T-cell counts at set point and HIV-1 disease progression, indicating that IFI16 affects HIV-1 pathogenesis especially during the early phase of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Booiman
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Sanquin Research, Landsteiner Laboratory and Center for Infection and Immunity (CINIMA), Academic Medical Center of the University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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21
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Abel L, Alcaïs A, Schurr E. The dissection of complex susceptibility to infectious disease: bacterial, viral and parasitic infections. Curr Opin Immunol 2014; 30:72-8. [PMID: 25083600 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2014.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2014] [Revised: 06/17/2014] [Accepted: 07/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Infectious diseases are the result of the exposure of susceptible hosts to pathogenic microbes. Genetic factors are important determinants of host susceptibility and efforts are being made to establish the molecular identity of such genetic susceptibility variants by genome-wide association studies. Results obtained to date partly confirm already known genetic vulnerabilities, but also point to new and unexpected mechanisms of susceptibility that extend from classical innate and acquired immunity to weaknesses in constitutional resistance. These studies also revealed an overlap in genetic control between infectious disease and other common immune and inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Abel
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U.980, University Paris Descartes, Necker Enfants-Malades Hospital, Paris 75015, France; St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Alexandre Alcaïs
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U.980, University Paris Descartes, Necker Enfants-Malades Hospital, Paris 75015, France; St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA; URC, CIC, Necker and Cochin Hospitals, Paris, France
| | - Erwin Schurr
- McGill International TB Centre & Departments of Human Genetics and Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Program in Immunology and Infectious Diseases in Global Health, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Canada.
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22
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Li M, Gardiner JC, Breslau N, Anthony JC, Lu Q. A non-parametric approach for detecting gene-gene interactions associated with age-at-onset outcomes. BMC Genet 2014; 15:79. [PMID: 24986733 PMCID: PMC4087128 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2156-15-79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2014] [Accepted: 06/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cox-regression-based methods have been commonly used for the analyses of survival outcomes, such as age-at-disease-onset. These methods generally assume the hazard functions are proportional among various risk groups. However, such an assumption may not be valid in genetic association studies, especially when complex interactions are involved. In addition, genetic association studies commonly adopt case-control designs. Direct use of Cox regression to case-control data may yield biased estimators and incorrect statistical inference. Results We propose a non-parametric approach, the weighted Nelson-Aalen (WNA) approach, for detecting genetic variants that are associated with age-dependent outcomes. The proposed approach can be directly applied to prospective cohort studies, and can be easily extended for population-based case-control studies. Moreover, it does not rely on any assumptions of the disease inheritance models, and is able to capture high-order gene-gene interactions. Through simulations, we show the proposed approach outperforms Cox-regression-based methods in various scenarios. We also conduct an empirical study of progression of nicotine dependence by applying the WNA approach to three independent datasets from the Study of Addiction: Genetics and Environment. In the initial dataset, two SNPs, rs6570989 and rs2930357, located in genes GRIK2 and CSMD1, are found to be significantly associated with the progression of nicotine dependence (ND). The joint association is further replicated in two independent datasets. Further analysis suggests that these two genes may interact and be associated with the progression of ND. Conclusions As demonstrated by the simulation studies and real data analysis, the proposed approach provides an efficient tool for detecting genetic interactions associated with age-at-onset outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Qing Lu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
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23
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Hartwig FP, Entiauspe LG, Nunes EM, Rodrigues FM, Collares T, Seixas FK, da Silveira MF. Evidence for an epistatic effect between TP53 R72P and MDM2 T309G SNPs in HIV infection: a cross-sectional study in women from South Brazil. PLoS One 2014; 9:e89489. [PMID: 24586820 PMCID: PMC3938491 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0089489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2013] [Accepted: 01/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the associations of TP53 R72P and MDM2 T309G SNPs with HPV infection status, HPV oncogenic risk and HIV infection status. DESIGN Cross-sectional study combining two groups (150 HIV-negative and 100 HIV-positive) of women. METHODS Data was collected using a closed questionnaire. DNA was extracted from cervical samples. HPV infection status was determined by nested-PCR, and HPV oncogenic risk group by Sanger sequencing. Both SNPS were genotyped by PCR-RFLP. Crude and adjusted associations involving each exposure (R72P and T309G SNPs, as well as 13 models of epistasis) and each outcome (HPV status, HPV oncogenic risk group and HIV infection) were assessed using logistic regression. RESULTS R72P SNP was protectively associated with HPV status (overdominant model), as well as T309G SNP with HPV oncogenic risk (strongest in the overdominant model). No epistatic model was associated with HPV status, but a dominant (R72P over T309G) protective epistatic effect was observed for HPV oncogenic risk. HIV status was strongly associated (risk factor) with different epistatic models, especially in models based on a visual inspection of the results. Moreover, HIV status was evidenced to be an effect mediator of the associations involving HPV oncogenic risk. CONCLUSIONS We found evidence for a role of R72P and T309G SNPs in HPV status and HPV oncogenic risk (respectively), and strong associations were found for an epistatic effect in HIV status. Prospective studies in larger samples are warranted to validate our findings, which point to a novel role of these SNPs in HIV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Pires Hartwig
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Molecular and Cellular Oncology Research Group, Biotechnology Unit, Technology Development Center, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Ludmila Gonçalves Entiauspe
- Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, Technology Development Center (Biotechnology Unit), Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Molecular and Cellular Oncology Research Group, Biotechnology Unit, Technology Development Center, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Emily Montosa Nunes
- Molecular and Cellular Oncology Research Group, Biotechnology Unit, Technology Development Center, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Martins Rodrigues
- Molecular and Cellular Oncology Research Group, Biotechnology Unit, Technology Development Center, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Tiago Collares
- Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, Technology Development Center (Biotechnology Unit), Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Molecular and Cellular Oncology Research Group, Biotechnology Unit, Technology Development Center, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Fabiana Kömmling Seixas
- Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, Technology Development Center (Biotechnology Unit), Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Molecular and Cellular Oncology Research Group, Biotechnology Unit, Technology Development Center, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Mariângela Freitas da Silveira
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Maternal and Child Department, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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24
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Biasin M, De Luca M, Gnudi F, Clerici M. The genetic basis of resistance to HIV infection and disease progression. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2013; 9:319-34. [PMID: 23557268 DOI: 10.1586/eci.13.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Susceptibility to HIV infection and the modulation of disease progression are strictly dependent on inter-individual variability, much of which is secondary to host genetic heterogeneity. The study of host factors that control these phenomena relies not only on candidate gene approaches but also on unbiased genome-wide genetic and functional analyses. Additional new insights stem from the study of mechanisms that control the expression of host and viral genes, such as miRNA. The genetic host factors that have been suggested to be associated either with resistance to HIV-1 infection or with absent/delayed progression to AIDS are nevertheless unable to fully justify the phenomenon of differential susceptibility to HIV. Multidisciplinary approaches are needed to further analyze individuals who deviate from the expected response to HIV exposure/infection. Results of these analyses will facilitate the identification of novel targets that could be exploited in the setting up of innovative therapeutic or vaccine approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mara Biasin
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milan, Via GB Grassi 74, 20157 Milan, Italy.
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25
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Dahiya S, Irish BP, Nonnemacher MR, Wigdahl B. Genetic variation and HIV-associated neurologic disease. Adv Virus Res 2013; 87:183-240. [PMID: 23809924 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-407698-3.00006-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
HIV-associated neurologic disease continues to be a significant complication in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy. A substantial subset of the HIV-infected population shows impaired neuropsychological performance as a result of HIV-mediated neuroinflammation and eventual central nervous system (CNS) injury. CNS compartmentalization of HIV, coupled with the evolution of genetically isolated populations in the CNS, is responsible for poor prognosis in patients with AIDS, warranting further investigation and possible additions to the current therapeutic strategy. This chapter reviews key advances in the field of neuropathogenesis and studies that have highlighted how molecular diversity within the HIV genome may impact HIV-associated neurologic disease. We also discuss the possible functional implications of genetic variation within the viral promoter and possibly other regions of the viral genome, especially in the cells of monocyte-macrophage lineage, which are arguably key cellular players in HIV-associated CNS disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satinder Dahiya
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Molecular Virology and Translational Neuroscience, Institute for Molecular Medicine and Infectious Disease, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Bryan P Irish
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Molecular Virology and Translational Neuroscience, Institute for Molecular Medicine and Infectious Disease, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Michael R Nonnemacher
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Molecular Virology and Translational Neuroscience, Institute for Molecular Medicine and Infectious Disease, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Brian Wigdahl
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Molecular Virology and Translational Neuroscience, Institute for Molecular Medicine and Infectious Disease, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Ballana E, Esté JA. Insights from host genomics into HIV infection and disease: Identification of host targets for drug development. Antiviral Res 2013; 100:473-86. [PMID: 24084487 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2013.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2013] [Revised: 09/17/2013] [Accepted: 09/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
HIV susceptibility and disease progression show a substantial degree of individual heterogeneity, ranging from fast progressors to long-term non progressors or elite controllers, that is, subjects that control infection in the absence of therapy. Recent years have seen a significant increase in understanding of the host genetic determinants of susceptibility to HIV infection and disease progression, driven in large part by candidate gene studies, genome-wide association studies, genome-wide transcriptome analyses, and large-scale functional screens. These studies have identified common variants in host loci that clearly influence disease progression, characterized the scale and dynamics of gene and protein expression changes in response to infection, and provided the first comprehensive catalogue of genes and pathways involved in viral replication. This review highlights the potential of host genomic influences in antiviral therapy by pointing to promising novel drug targets but also providing the basis of the identification and validation of host mechanisms that might be susceptible targets for novel antiviral therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ester Ballana
- IrsiCaixa, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Badalona, Spain.
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27
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McLaren PJ, Coulonges C, Ripke S, van den Berg L, Buchbinder S, Carrington M, Cossarizza A, Dalmau J, Deeks SG, Delaneau O, De Luca A, Goedert JJ, Haas D, Herbeck JT, Kathiresan S, Kirk GD, Lambotte O, Luo M, Mallal S, van Manen D, Martinez-Picado J, Meyer L, Miro JM, Mullins JI, Obel N, O'Brien SJ, Pereyra F, Plummer FA, Poli G, Qi Y, Rucart P, Sandhu MS, Shea PR, Schuitemaker H, Theodorou I, Vannberg F, Veldink J, Walker BD, Weintrob A, Winkler CA, Wolinsky S, Telenti A, Goldstein DB, de Bakker PIW, Zagury JF, Fellay J. Association study of common genetic variants and HIV-1 acquisition in 6,300 infected cases and 7,200 controls. PLoS Pathog 2013; 9:e1003515. [PMID: 23935489 PMCID: PMC3723635 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1003515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2013] [Accepted: 06/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have been performed in HIV-1 infected individuals, identifying common genetic influences on viral control and disease course. Similarly, common genetic correlates of acquisition of HIV-1 after exposure have been interrogated using GWAS, although in generally small samples. Under the auspices of the International Collaboration for the Genomics of HIV, we have combined the genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data collected by 25 cohorts, studies, or institutions on HIV-1 infected individuals and compared them to carefully matched population-level data sets (a list of all collaborators appears in Note S1 in Text S1). After imputation using the 1,000 Genomes Project reference panel, we tested approximately 8 million common DNA variants (SNPs and indels) for association with HIV-1 acquisition in 6,334 infected patients and 7,247 population samples of European ancestry. Initial association testing identified the SNP rs4418214, the C allele of which is known to tag the HLA-B*57:01 and B*27:05 alleles, as genome-wide significant (p = 3.6×10−11). However, restricting analysis to individuals with a known date of seroconversion suggested that this association was due to the frailty bias in studies of lethal diseases. Further analyses including testing recessive genetic models, testing for bulk effects of non-genome-wide significant variants, stratifying by sexual or parenteral transmission risk and testing previously reported associations showed no evidence for genetic influence on HIV-1 acquisition (with the exception of CCR5Δ32 homozygosity). Thus, these data suggest that genetic influences on HIV acquisition are either rare or have smaller effects than can be detected by this sample size. Comparing the frequency differences between common DNA variants in disease-affected cases and in unaffected controls has been successful in uncovering the genetic component of multiple diseases. This approach is most effective when large samples of cases and controls are available. Here we combine information from multiple studies of HIV infected patients, including more than 6,300 HIV+ individuals, with data from 7,200 general population samples of European ancestry to test nearly 8 million common DNA variants for an impact on HIV acquisition. With this large sample we did not observe any single common genetic variant that significantly associated with HIV acquisition. We further tested 22 variants previously identified by smaller studies as influencing HIV acquisition. With the exception of a deletion polymorphism in the CCR5 gene (CCR5Δ32) we found no convincing evidence to support these previous associations. Taken together these data suggest that genetic influences on HIV acquisition are either rare or have smaller effects than can be detected by this sample size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul J. McLaren
- School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Institute of Microbiology, University Hospital Center and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Cédric Coulonges
- Laboratoire Génomique, Bioinformatique, et Applications, EA4627, Chaire de Bioinformatique, Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers, Paris, France
- ANRS Genomic Group (French Agency for Research on AIDS and Hepatitis), Paris, France
| | - Stephan Ripke
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Leonard van den Berg
- Department of Neurology, Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Susan Buchbinder
- Bridge HIV, San Francisco Department of Public Health, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Mary Carrington
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, SAIC Frederick, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Andrea Cossarizza
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences University of Modena and Reggio Emilia School of Medicine, Modena, Italy
| | - Judith Dalmau
- AIDS Research Institute IrsiCaixa, Institut d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Badalona, Spain
| | - Steven G. Deeks
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Olivier Delaneau
- Department of Statistics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Andrea De Luca
- University Division of Infectious Diseases, Siena University Hospital, Siena, Italy
- Institute of Clinical infectious Diseases, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy
| | - James J. Goedert
- Infections and Immunoepidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - David Haas
- Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Joshua T. Herbeck
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Sekar Kathiresan
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Cardiovascular Research Center and Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Gregory D. Kirk
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Olivier Lambotte
- INSERM U1012, Bicêtre, France
- University Paris-Sud, Bicêtre, France
- AP-HP, Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Bicêtre Hospital, Bicêtre, France
| | - Ma Luo
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Simon Mallal
- Institute for Immunology & Infectious Diseases, Murdoch University and Pathwest, Perth, Australia
| | - Daniëlle van Manen
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Sanquin Research, Landsteiner Laboratory, and Center for Infectious Diseases and Immunity Amsterdam (CINIMA) at the Academic Medical Center of the University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Javier Martinez-Picado
- AIDS Research Institute IrsiCaixa, Institut d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Badalona, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laurence Meyer
- ANRS Genomic Group (French Agency for Research on AIDS and Hepatitis), Paris, France
- Inserm, CESP U1018, University Paris-Sud, UMRS 1018, Faculté de Médecine Paris-Sud; AP-HP, Hopital Bicêtre, Epidemiology and Public Health Service, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - José M. Miro
- Infectious Diseases Service. Hospital Clinic – IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - James I. Mullins
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Niels Obel
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The National University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Stephen J. O'Brien
- Theodosius Dobzhansky Center for Genome Bioinformatics, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Florencia Pereyra
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Division of Infectious Disease, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Francis A. Plummer
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Guido Poli
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, School of Medicine & San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Ying Qi
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, SAIC Frederick, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Pierre Rucart
- Laboratoire Génomique, Bioinformatique, et Applications, EA4627, Chaire de Bioinformatique, Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers, Paris, France
- ANRS Genomic Group (French Agency for Research on AIDS and Hepatitis), Paris, France
| | - Manj S. Sandhu
- Genetic Epidemiology Group, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom
- Non-Communicable Disease Research Group, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Patrick R. Shea
- Center for Human Genome Variation, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Hanneke Schuitemaker
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Sanquin Research, Landsteiner Laboratory, and Center for Infectious Diseases and Immunity Amsterdam (CINIMA) at the Academic Medical Center of the University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ioannis Theodorou
- ANRS Genomic Group (French Agency for Research on AIDS and Hepatitis), Paris, France
- INSERM UMRS 945, Paris, France
| | - Fredrik Vannberg
- School of Biology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Jan Veldink
- Department of Neurology, Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Bruce D. Walker
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Amy Weintrob
- Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Cheryl A. Winkler
- Basic Research Laboratory, Molecular Genetic Epidemiology Section, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Steven Wolinsky
- Division of Infectious Diseases, The Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Amalio Telenti
- Institute of Microbiology, University Hospital Center and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - David B. Goldstein
- Center for Human Genome Variation, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Paul I. W. de Bakker
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Division of Genetics Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Medical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jean-François Zagury
- Laboratoire Génomique, Bioinformatique, et Applications, EA4627, Chaire de Bioinformatique, Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers, Paris, France
- ANRS Genomic Group (French Agency for Research on AIDS and Hepatitis), Paris, France
| | - Jacques Fellay
- School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Institute of Microbiology, University Hospital Center and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
Host genetic factors are a major contributing factor to the inter-individual variation observed in response to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and are linked to resistance to HIV infection among exposed individuals, as well as rate of disease progression and the likelihood of viral transmission. Of the genetic variants that have been shown to affect the natural history of HIV infection, the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I genes exhibit the strongest and most consistent association, underscoring a central role for CD8(+) T cells in resistance to the virus. HLA proteins play important roles in T-cell-mediated adaptive immunity by presenting immunodominant HIV epitopes to cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) and CD4(+) T cells. Genetic and functional data also indicate a function for HLA in natural killer cell-mediated innate immunity against HIV by interacting with killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR). We review the HLA and KIR associations with HIV disease and discuss the mechanisms underlying these associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maureen P. Martin
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., NCI-Frederick, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Mary Carrington
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., NCI-Frederick, Frederick, Maryland, USA
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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29
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Limou S, Zagury JF. Immunogenetics: Genome-Wide Association of Non-Progressive HIV and Viral Load Control: HLA Genes and Beyond. Front Immunol 2013; 4:118. [PMID: 23750159 PMCID: PMC3664380 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2013.00118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2013] [Accepted: 05/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Very early after the identification of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), host genetics factors were anticipated to play a role in viral control and disease progression. As early as the mid-1990s, candidate gene studies demonstrated a central role for the chemokine co-receptor/ligand (e.g., CCR5) and human leukocyte antigen (HLA) systems. In the last decade, the advent of genome-wide arrays opened a new era for unbiased genetic exploration of the genome and brought big expectations for the identification of new unexpected genes and pathways involved in HIV/AIDS. More than 15 genome-wide association studies targeting various HIV-linked phenotypes have been published since 2007. Surprisingly, only the two HIV-chemokine co-receptors and HLA loci have exhibited consistent and reproducible statistically significant genetic associations. In this chapter, we will review the findings from the genome-wide studies focusing especially on non-progressive and HIV control phenotypes, and discuss the current perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Limou
- Basic Science Program, Basic Research Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer ResearchFrederick, MD, USA
| | - Jean-François Zagury
- Chaire de Bioinformatique, Laboratoire Génomique Bioinformatique et Applications (EA 4627), Conservatoire National des Arts et MétiersParis, France
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Abstract
In the 1990 s, the variability of responses to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) could only be tracked by phenotypic criteria such as the number of CD4T lymphocytes, the occurrence of opportunistic infection, the disease free survival without treatment. In 1996, the viral load is the leading phenotype for genetic studies. Ever since, thanks to a better understanding of the HIV infection pathophysiology, numerous studies helped to highlight the influence of genetic variability on inter-individual response to this virus. Among the genes having an impact, we can quote the following examples: CCR5, HLA-B and HLA-C genes. Practical applications of genetics in clinical medicine include search for HLA-B*57:01 before abacavir introduction. Recently, an eradicating treatment for HIV disease after bone marrow transplantation with a donor homozygote for a CCR5 gene non-functional variant (CCR5Δ32) has been reported. Interest in genetics of chronic viral infection is not specific to HIV. It has also been used on other viral diseases and it has gained a major place on the management of diseases.
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Nasi M, Riva A, Borghi V, D'Amico R, Del Giovane C, Casoli C, Galli M, Vicenzi E, Gibellini L, De Biasi S, Clerici M, Mussini C, Cossarizza A, Pinti M. Novel genetic association of TNF-α-238 and PDCD1-7209 polymorphisms with long-term non-progressive HIV-1 infection. Int J Infect Dis 2013; 17:e845-50. [PMID: 23403273 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2013.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2012] [Revised: 12/27/2012] [Accepted: 01/06/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES About 2-5% of HIV-1-infected subjects, defined as long-term non-progressors (LTNPs), remain immunologically stable for a long time without treatment. The factors governing this condition are known only in part, and include genetic factors. Thus, we studied 20 polymorphisms of 15 genes encoding proinflammatory and immunoregulatory cytokines, chemokines and their receptors, genes involved in apoptosis, and the gene HCP5. METHODS We analyzed 47 Caucasian LTNPs infected for >9 years, compared with 131 HIV-1-infected Caucasian patients defined as 'usual progressors'. The genotypes were determined by methods based upon PCR, and the statistical analysis was performed by univariate logistic regression. RESULTS The well-known CCR5Δ32 del32 allele, the cell death-related TNF-α-238 A and PDCD1-7209 T alleles, and HCP5 rs2395029 G, a non-coding protein associated with the HLA-B*5701, were found positively associated with the LTNP condition. No association was observed for other single nucleotide polymorphisms (SDF-1-801, IL-10-592, MCP-1-2518, CX3CR1 V249I, CCR2V64I, RANTES-403, IL-2-330, IL-1β-511, IL-4-590, FASL IVS3nt-169, FAS-670, FAS-1377, FASL IVS2nt-124, PDCD1-7146, MMP-7-181, and MMP7-153). CONCLUSIONS The novel genetic associations between allelic variants of genes TNF-α-238 and PDCD1-7209 with the LTNP condition underline the importance of host genetic factors in the progression of HIV-1 infection and in immunological preservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Nasi
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 287, 41125 Modena, Italy.
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van Manen D, van 't Wout AB, Schuitemaker H. Genome-wide association studies on HIV susceptibility, pathogenesis and pharmacogenomics. Retrovirology 2012; 9:70. [PMID: 22920050 PMCID: PMC3468375 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4690-9-70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2012] [Accepted: 07/31/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Susceptibility to HIV-1 and the clinical course after infection show a substantial heterogeneity between individuals. Part of this variability can be attributed to host genetic variation. Initial candidate gene studies have revealed interesting host factors that influence HIV infection, replication and pathogenesis. Recently, genome-wide association studies (GWAS) were utilized for unbiased searches at a genome-wide level to discover novel genetic factors and pathways involved in HIV-1 infection. This review gives an overview of findings from the GWAS performed on HIV infection, within different cohorts, with variable patient and phenotype selection. Furthermore, novel techniques and strategies in research that might contribute to the complete understanding of virus-host interactions and its role on the pathogenesis of HIV infection are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniëlle van Manen
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Sanquin Research, Landsteiner Laboratory, Center for Infectious Diseases and Immunity Amsterdam (CINIMA), Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 15, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Bol SM, Booiman T, van Manen D, Bunnik EM, van Sighem AI, Sieberer M, Boeser-Nunnink B, de Wolf F, Schuitemaker H, Portegies P, Kootstra NA, van 't Wout AB. Single nucleotide polymorphism in gene encoding transcription factor Prep1 is associated with HIV-1-associated dementia. PLoS One 2012; 7:e30990. [PMID: 22347417 PMCID: PMC3274517 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0030990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2011] [Accepted: 12/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Infection with HIV-1 may result in severe cognitive and motor impairment, referred to as HIV-1-associated dementia (HAD). While its prevalence has dropped significantly in the era of combination antiretroviral therapy, milder neurocognitive disorders persist with a high prevalence. To identify additional therapeutic targets for treating HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders, several candidate gene polymorphisms have been evaluated, but few have been replicated across multiple studies. Methods We here tested 7 candidate gene polymorphisms for association with HAD in a case-control study consisting of 86 HAD cases and 246 non-HAD AIDS patients as controls. Since infected monocytes and macrophages are thought to play an important role in the infection of the brain, 5 recently identified single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) affecting HIV-1 replication in macrophages in vitro were also tested. Results The CCR5 wt/Δ32 genotype was only associated with HAD in individuals who developed AIDS prior to 1991, in agreement with the observed fading effect of this genotype on viral load set point. A significant difference in genotype distribution among all cases and controls irrespective of year of AIDS diagnosis was found only for a SNP in candidate gene PREP1 (p = 1.2×10−5). Prep1 has recently been identified as a transcription factor preferentially binding the −2,518 G allele in the promoter of the gene encoding MCP-1, a protein with a well established role in the etiology of HAD. Conclusion These results support previous findings suggesting an important role for MCP-1 in the onset of HIV-1-associated neurocognitive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastiaan M. Bol
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Sanquin Research, Landsteiner Laboratory and Center for Infection and Immunity Amsterdam (CINIMA) at the Academic Medical Center of the University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Thijs Booiman
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Sanquin Research, Landsteiner Laboratory and Center for Infection and Immunity Amsterdam (CINIMA) at the Academic Medical Center of the University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Daniëlle van Manen
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Sanquin Research, Landsteiner Laboratory and Center for Infection and Immunity Amsterdam (CINIMA) at the Academic Medical Center of the University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Evelien M. Bunnik
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Sanquin Research, Landsteiner Laboratory and Center for Infection and Immunity Amsterdam (CINIMA) at the Academic Medical Center of the University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ard I. van Sighem
- HIV Monitoring Foundation, Academic Medical Center of the University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Margit Sieberer
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Sanquin Research, Landsteiner Laboratory and Center for Infection and Immunity Amsterdam (CINIMA) at the Academic Medical Center of the University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Brigitte Boeser-Nunnink
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Sanquin Research, Landsteiner Laboratory and Center for Infection and Immunity Amsterdam (CINIMA) at the Academic Medical Center of the University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Frank de Wolf
- HIV Monitoring Foundation, Academic Medical Center of the University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Hanneke Schuitemaker
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Sanquin Research, Landsteiner Laboratory and Center for Infection and Immunity Amsterdam (CINIMA) at the Academic Medical Center of the University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Portegies
- Department of Neurology at the Academic Medical Center of the University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Neurology at the OLVG Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Neeltje A. Kootstra
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Sanquin Research, Landsteiner Laboratory and Center for Infection and Immunity Amsterdam (CINIMA) at the Academic Medical Center of the University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Angélique B. van 't Wout
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Sanquin Research, Landsteiner Laboratory and Center for Infection and Immunity Amsterdam (CINIMA) at the Academic Medical Center of the University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
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Rising HIV-1 viral load set point at a population level coincides with a fading impact of host genetic factors on HIV-1 control. AIDS 2011; 25:2217-26. [PMID: 21860345 DOI: 10.1097/qad.0b013e32834bec9c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Heterozygosity for a 32 base pair deletion in the CCR5 gene (CCR5wt/Δ32) and the minor alleles of a single-nucleotide polymorphism in the HCP5 gene (rs2395029) and in the HLA-C gene region (-35HLA-C; rs9264942) has been associated with a lower viral load set point. Recent studies have shown that over calendar time, viral load set point has significantly increased at a population level. Here we studied whether this increase coincides with a fading impact of above-mentioned host genetic markers on HIV-1 control. METHODS We compared the association between viral load set point and HCP5 rs2395029, -35HLA-C rs9264942, and the CCR5wt/Δ32 genotype in HIV-1-infected individuals in the Netherlands who had seroconverted between 1982 and 2002 (pre-2003 seroconverters, n = 459) or between 2003 and 2009 (post-2003 seroconverters, n = 231). RESULTS Viral load set point in post-2003 seroconverters was significantly higher than in pre-2003 seroconverters (P = 4.5 × 10(-5)). The minor alleles for HCP5 rs2395029, -35HLA-C rs9264942 and CCR5wt/Δ32 had a similar prevalence in both groups and were all individually associated with a significantly lower viral load set point in pre-2003 seroconverters. In post-2003 seroconverters, this association was no longer observed for HCP5 rs2395029 and CCR5wt/Δ32. The association between viral load set point and HCP5 rs2395029 had significantly changed over time, whereas the change in impact of the CCR5wt/Δ32 genotype over calendar time was not independent from the other markers under study. CONCLUSION The increased viral load set point at a population level coincides with a lost impact of certain host genetic factors on HIV-1 control.
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