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Esapa CT, McIlhinney RAJ, Waite AJ, Benson MA, Mirzayan J, Piko H, Herczegfalvi Á, Horvath R, Karcagi V, Walter MC, Lochmüller H, Rizkallah PJ, Lu QL, Blake DJ. Misfolding of fukutin-related protein (FKRP) variants in congenital and limb girdle muscular dystrophies. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1279700. [PMID: 38161385 PMCID: PMC10755465 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1279700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Fukutin-related protein (FKRP, MIM ID 606596) variants cause a range of muscular dystrophies associated with hypo-glycosylation of the matrix receptor, α-dystroglycan. These disorders are almost exclusively caused by homozygous or compound heterozygous missense variants in the FKRP gene that encodes a ribitol phosphotransferase. To understand how seemingly diverse FKRP missense mutations may contribute to disease, we examined the synthesis, intracellular dynamics, and structural consequences of a panel of missense mutations that encompass the disease spectrum. Under non-reducing electrophoresis conditions, wild type FKRP appears to be monomeric whereas disease-causing FKRP mutants migrate as high molecular weight, disulfide-bonded aggregates. These results were recapitulated using cysteine-scanning mutagenesis suggesting that abnormal disulfide bonding may perturb FKRP folding. Using fluorescence recovery after photobleaching, we found that the intracellular mobility of most FKRP mutants in ATP-depleted cells is dramatically reduced but can, in most cases, be rescued with reducing agents. Mass spectrometry showed that wild type and mutant FKRP differentially associate with several endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident chaperones. Finally, structural modelling revealed that disease-associated FKRP missense variants affected the local environment of the protein in small but significant ways. These data demonstrate that protein misfolding contributes to the molecular pathophysiology of FKRP-deficient muscular dystrophies and suggest that molecules that rescue this folding defect could be used to treat these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Adrian J. Waite
- Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | | | - Jasmin Mirzayan
- Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Henriett Piko
- Department of Internal Medicine and Oncology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ágnes Herczegfalvi
- Semmelweis University Pediatric Center Tűzoltó Street Unit, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Rita Horvath
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Veronika Karcagi
- National Institute of Environmental Health, Department of Molecular Genetics and Diagnostics, Istenhegyi Genetic Diagnostic Centre, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Maggie C. Walter
- Friedrich-Baur-Institute at the Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Munich, Germany
| | - Hanns Lochmüller
- Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, The Ottawa Hospital, and Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Pierre J. Rizkallah
- Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Qi L. Lu
- McColl-Lockwood Laboratory for Muscular Dystrophy Research, Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, United States
| | - Derek J. Blake
- Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
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2
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Benasutti H, Maricelli JW, Seto J, Hall J, Halbert C, Wicki J, Heusgen L, Purvis N, Regnier M, Lin DC, Rodgers BD, Chamberlain JS. Efficacy and muscle safety assessment of fukutin-related protein gene therapy. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev 2023; 30:65-80. [PMID: 37361354 PMCID: PMC10285450 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2023.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Limb-girdle muscular dystrophy type R9 (LGMDR9) is a muscle-wasting disease that begins in the hip and shoulder regions of the body. This disease is caused by mutations in fukutin-related protein (FKRP), a glycosyltransferase critical for maintaining muscle cell integrity. Here we investigated potential gene therapies for LGMDR9 containing an FKRP expression construct with untranslated region (UTR) modifications. Initial studies treated an aged dystrophic mouse model (FKRPP448L) with adeno-associated virus vector serotype 6 (AAV6). Grip strength improved in a dose- and time-dependent manner, injected mice exhibited fewer central nuclei and serum creatine kinase levels were 3- and 5-fold lower compared to those in non-injected FKRPP448L mice. Treatment also partially stabilized the respiratory pattern during exercise and improved treadmill running, partially protecting muscle from exercise-induced damage. Western blotting of C2C12 myotubes using a novel rabbit antibody confirmed heightened translation with the UTR modifications. We further explored the question of FKRP toxicity in wild-type mice using high doses of two additional muscle-tropic capsids: AAV9 and AAVMYO1. No toxic effects were detected with either therapeutic agent. These data further support the feasibility of gene therapy to treat LGMDR9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halli Benasutti
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Joseph W. Maricelli
- School of Molecular Biosciences, Washington State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
- Washington Center for Muscle Biology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Jane Seto
- Department of Neurology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
- Sen. Paul D. Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Specialized Research Center, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - John Hall
- Department of Neurology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Christine Halbert
- Department of Neurology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
- Sen. Paul D. Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Specialized Research Center, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jacqueline Wicki
- Department of Neurology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Lydia Heusgen
- Department of Neurology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Nicholas Purvis
- Department of Neurology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Michael Regnier
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - David C. Lin
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Neuroscience and the Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Buel D. Rodgers
- School of Molecular Biosciences, Washington State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
- Washington Center for Muscle Biology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Jeffrey S. Chamberlain
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
- Sen. Paul D. Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Specialized Research Center, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
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3
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Jensen SM, Müller KI, Mellgren SI, Bindoff LA, Rasmussen M, Ørstavik K, Jonsrud C, Tveten K, Nilssen Ø, Van Ghelue M, Arntzen KA. Epidemiology and natural history in 101 subjects with FKRP-related limb-girdle muscular dystrophy R9. The Norwegian LGMDR9 cohort study (2020). Neuromuscul Disord 2023; 33:119-132. [PMID: 36522254 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2022.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to investigate the epidemiology and natural history of FKRP-related limb-girdle muscular dystrophy R9 (LGMDR9) in Norway. We identified 153 genetically confirmed subjects making the overall prevalence 2.84/100,000, the highest reported figure worldwide. Of the 153 subjects, 134 (88 %) were homozygous for FKRP c.826C>A giving a carrier frequency for this variant of 1/101 in Norway. Clinical questionnaires and patient notes from 101 subjects, including 88 c.826C>A homozygotes, were reviewed, and 43/101 subjects examined clinically. Age of onset in c.826C>A homozygotes demonstrated a bimodal distribution. Female subjects showed an increased cumulative probability of wheelchair dependency and need for ventilatory support. Across the cohort, the need for ventilatory support preceded wheelchair dependency in one third of the cases, usually due to sleep apnea. In c.826C>A homozygotes, occurrence of cardiomyopathy correlated positively with male gender but not with age or disease stage. This study highlights novel gender differences in both loss of ambulation, need for ventilatory support and the development of cardiomyopathy. Our results confirm the need for vigilance in order to detect respiratory insufficiency and cardiac involvement, but indicate that these events affect males and females differently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Synnøve M Jensen
- National Neuromuscular Centre Norway and Department of Neurology, University Hospital of North Norway HF, Tromsø, PO Box 100, N-9038, Tromsø, Norway; Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø - The Artic University of Norway, PO Box 6050 Langnes, N-9037, Tromsø, Norway.
| | - Kai Ivar Müller
- National Neuromuscular Centre Norway and Department of Neurology, University Hospital of North Norway HF, Tromsø, PO Box 100, N-9038, Tromsø, Norway; Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø - The Artic University of Norway, PO Box 6050 Langnes, N-9037, Tromsø, Norway; Department of Neurology, Hospital of Southern Norway, PO box 416 Lundsiden, 4604, Kristiansand S, Norway
| | - Svein Ivar Mellgren
- National Neuromuscular Centre Norway and Department of Neurology, University Hospital of North Norway HF, Tromsø, PO Box 100, N-9038, Tromsø, Norway; Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø - The Artic University of Norway, PO Box 6050 Langnes, N-9037, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Laurence A Bindoff
- Department of Clinical Medicine (K1), University of Bergen, N-5021, Bergen, Norway; Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, PO Box 1400, N-5021, Bergen, Norway; National Unit of Newborn Screening and Advanced Laboratory Diagnostics, Oslo University Hospital, PO Box 4950 Nydalen, N-0424, Oslo, Norway
| | - Magnhild Rasmussen
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences for Children, Oslo University Hospital, PO Box 4950 Nydalen, N-0424, Oslo, Norway; Unit for Congenital and Hereditary Neuromuscular Conditions (EMAN), Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, PO Box 4950 Nydalen, N-0424, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kristin Ørstavik
- Unit for Congenital and Hereditary Neuromuscular Conditions (EMAN), Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, PO Box 4950 Nydalen, N-0424, Oslo, Norway
| | - Christoffer Jonsrud
- Department of Medical Genetics, Division of Child and Adolescent Health, University Hospital of North Norway HF, PO Box 55, N-9038, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Kristian Tveten
- Department of Medical Genetics, Telemark Hospital Trust, PO Box 2900 Kjørbekk, N-3710, Skien, Norway
| | - Øivind Nilssen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø - The Artic University of Norway, PO Box 6050 Langnes, N-9037, Tromsø, Norway; Department of Medical Genetics, Division of Child and Adolescent Health, University Hospital of North Norway HF, PO Box 55, N-9038, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Marijke Van Ghelue
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø - The Artic University of Norway, PO Box 6050 Langnes, N-9037, Tromsø, Norway; Department of Medical Genetics, Division of Child and Adolescent Health, University Hospital of North Norway HF, PO Box 55, N-9038, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Kjell Arne Arntzen
- National Neuromuscular Centre Norway and Department of Neurology, University Hospital of North Norway HF, Tromsø, PO Box 100, N-9038, Tromsø, Norway; Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø - The Artic University of Norway, PO Box 6050 Langnes, N-9037, Tromsø, Norway
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4
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Bakshi T, Pham D, Kaur R, Sun B. Hidden Relationships between N-Glycosylation and Disulfide Bonds in Individual Proteins. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073742. [PMID: 35409101 PMCID: PMC8998389 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
N-Glycosylation (NG) and disulfide bonds (DBs) are two prevalent co/post-translational modifications (PTMs) that are often conserved and coexist in membrane and secreted proteins involved in a large number of diseases. Both in the past and in recent times, the enzymes and chaperones regulating these PTMs have been constantly discovered to directly interact with each other or colocalize in the ER. However, beyond a few model proteins, how such cooperation affects N-glycan modification and disulfide bonding at selective sites in individual proteins is largely unknown. Here, we reviewed the literature to discover the current status in understanding the relationships between NG and DBs in individual proteins. Our results showed that more than 2700 human proteins carry both PTMs, and fewer than 2% of them have been investigated in the associations between NG and DBs. We summarized both these proteins with the reported relationships in the two PTMs and the tools used to discover the relationships. We hope that, by exposing this largely understudied field, more investigations can be encouraged to unveil the hidden relationships of NG and DBs in the majority of membranes and secreted proteins for pathophysiological understanding and biotherapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania Bakshi
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada;
| | - David Pham
- Department of Computing Science, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada;
| | - Raminderjeet Kaur
- Faculty of Health Science, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada;
| | - Bingyun Sun
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada;
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
- Correspondence:
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5
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Boyd A, Montandon M, Wood AJ, Currie PD. FKRP directed fibronectin glycosylation: A novel mechanism giving insights into muscular dystrophies? Bioessays 2022; 44:e2100270. [PMID: 35229908 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202100270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The recently uncovered role of Fukutin-related protein (FKRP) in fibronectin glycosylation has challenged our understanding of the basis of disease pathogenesis in the muscular dystrophies. FKRP is a Golgi-resident glycosyltransferase implicated in a broad spectrum of muscular dystrophy (MD) pathologies that are not fully attributable to the well-described α-Dystroglycan hypoglycosylation. By revealing a new role for FKRP in the glycosylation of fibronectin, a modification critical for the development of the muscle basement membrane (MBM) and its associated muscle linkages, new possibilities for understanding clinical phenotype arise. This modification involves an interaction between FKRP and myosin-10, a protein involved in the Golgi organization and function. These observations suggest a FKRP nexus exists that controls two critical aspects to muscle fibre integrity, both fibre stability at the MBM and its elastic properties. This review explores the new potential disease axis in the context of our current knowledge of muscular dystrophies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Boyd
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Margo Montandon
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Alasdair J Wood
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Peter D Currie
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,EMBL Australia, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
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6
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Bigotti MG, Brancaccio A. High degree of conservation of the enzymes synthesizing the laminin-binding glycoepitope of α-dystroglycan. Open Biol 2021; 11:210104. [PMID: 34582712 PMCID: PMC8478517 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.210104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The dystroglycan (DG) complex plays a pivotal role for the stabilization of muscles in Metazoa. It is formed by two subunits, extracellular α-DG and transmembrane β-DG, originating from a unique precursor via a complex post-translational maturation process. The α-DG subunit is extensively glycosylated in sequential steps by several specific enzymes and employs such glycan scaffold to tightly bind basement membrane molecules. Mutations of several of these enzymes cause an alteration of the carbohydrate structure of α-DG, resulting in severe neuromuscular disorders collectively named dystroglycanopathies. Given the fundamental role played by DG in muscle stability, it is biochemically and clinically relevant to investigate these post-translational modifying enzymes from an evolutionary perspective. A first phylogenetic history of the thirteen enzymes involved in the fabrication of the so-called 'M3 core' laminin-binding epitope has been traced by an overall sequence comparison approach, and interesting details on the primordial enzyme set have emerged, as well as substantial conservation in Metazoa. The optimization along with the evolution of a well-conserved enzymatic set responsible for the glycosylation of α-DG indicate the importance of the glycosylation shell in modulating the connection between sarcolemma and surrounding basement membranes to increase skeletal muscle stability, and eventually support movement and locomotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Giulia Bigotti
- School of Translational Health Sciences, Research Floor Level 7, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Upper Maudlin Street, Bristol BS2 8HW, UK,School of Biochemistry, University Walk, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Andrea Brancaccio
- School of Biochemistry, University Walk, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK,Institute of Chemical Sciences and Technologies ‘Giulio Natta’ (SCITEC) - CNR, Largo F.Vito 1, 00168, Rome, Italy
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7
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FKRP-dependent glycosylation of fibronectin regulates muscle pathology in muscular dystrophy. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2951. [PMID: 34012031 PMCID: PMC8134429 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23217-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The muscular dystrophies encompass a broad range of pathologies with varied clinical outcomes. In the case of patients carrying defects in fukutin-related protein (FKRP), these diverse pathologies arise from mutations within the same gene. This is surprising as FKRP is a glycosyltransferase, whose only identified function is to transfer ribitol-5-phosphate to α-dystroglycan (α-DG). Although this modification is critical for extracellular matrix attachment, α-DG's glycosylation status relates poorly to disease severity, suggesting the existence of unidentified FKRP targets. Here we reveal that FKRP directs sialylation of fibronectin, a process essential for collagen recruitment to the muscle basement membrane. Thus, our results reveal that FKRP simultaneously regulates the two major muscle-ECM linkages essential for fibre survival, and establishes a new disease axis for the muscular dystrophies.
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8
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Song D, Dai Y, Chen X, Fu X, Chang X, Wang N, Zhang C, Yan C, Zheng H, Wu L, Jiang L, Hua Y, Yang H, Wang Z, Dai T, Zhu W, Han C, Yuan Y, Kobayashi K, Toda T, Xiong H. Genetic variations and clinical spectrum of dystroglycanopathy in a large cohort of Chinese patients. Clin Genet 2021; 99:384-395. [PMID: 33200426 DOI: 10.1111/cge.13886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Dystroglycanopathy is a group of muscular dystrophies with deficient glycosylation of alpha-dystroglycan (α-DG). We recruited patients from 36 tertiary academic hospitals in China. In total, 143 patients with genetically diagnosed dystroglycanopathy were enrolled. Of these, limb girdle muscular dystrophy was the most common initial diagnosis (83 patients) and Walker-Warburg syndrome was the least common (1 patient). In 143 patients, mutations in FKRP gene were the most prevalent (62 patients), followed by POMT2, POMT1 (16), POMGNT1, ISPD (14), FKTN, GMPPB, B3GALNT2, DPM3, and DAG1. Several frequent mutations were identified in FKRP, POMT1, POMGNT1, ISPD, and FKTN genes. Many of these were founder mutations. Patients with FKRP mutations tended to have milder phenotypes, while those with mutations in POMGNT1 genes had more severe phenotypes. Mental retardation was a clinical feature associated with mutations of POMT1 gene. Detailed clinical data of 83 patients followed up in Peking University First Hospital were further analyzed. Our clinical and genetic analysis of a large cohort of Chinese patients with dystroglycanopathy expanded the genotype variation and clinical spectrum of congenital muscular dystrophies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danyu Song
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Dai
- Department of Neurology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyu Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaona Fu
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xingzhi Chang
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Wang
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chuanzhu Yan
- Department of Neurology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Hong Zheng
- Department of Pediatrics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Liwen Wu
- Department of Neurology, Hunan Children's Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Li Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ying Hua
- Department of Neurology, Wuxi Children's Hospital, Wuxi, China
| | - Haipo Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiqiang Wang
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Tingjun Dai
- Department of Neurology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Wenhua Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunxi Han
- Department of Neurology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yun Yuan
- Department of Neurology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Kazuhiro Kobayashi
- Division of Neurology/Molecular Brain Science, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Tatsushi Toda
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hui Xiong
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
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9
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Villar Quiles RN, Richard I, Bouchet-Seraphin C, Stojkovic T. [Limb-Girdle Muscular Dystrophy type R9 linked to the FKRP gene: state of the art and therapeutic perspectives]. Med Sci (Paris) 2021; 36 Hors série n° 2:28-33. [PMID: 33427633 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/2020239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the FKRP gene encoding the fukutin-related protein (FKRP) cause a wide spectrum of myopathies, ranging from severe forms of congenital muscular dystrophies associated with structural abnormalities of the central nervous system, to exertional myalgia or asymptomatic hyperCKemia, and to a form of limb girdle muscular dystrophy, LGMD-R9, (ex-LGMD-2I). LGMD-R9 is characterized by a proximal girdle deficit predominantly in the lower limbs to start with, with respiratory and cardiac damage that may affect the vital prognosis. Serum CK levels are markedly elevated and, on muscle biopsy, is detected a dystrophic formula associated with a reduction in the glycosylation of α-dystroglycan by immunostains and immunoblotting. Muscle MRI typically shows damage to proximal muscles (iliopsoas, adductors, gluteus maximus, quadriceps) with relative preservation of the muscles of the anterior compartment of the thighs (gracilis and sartorius). Genetic analysis, by specific sequencing of the FKRP gene or of a panel grouping together all the genes involved in the glycosylation of α-dystroglycan, or a larger panel of genes, generally confirms the diagnosis, the most frequent mutation being the missense p.(Leu276Ile). Currently, treatment of LGMD-R9 is symptomatic, requiring a multidisciplinary approach. A prospective study of the natural history of the disease is currently underway in Europe (GNT-015-FKRP). New therapeutic approaches are envisaged, such as gene therapy mediated by vectors derived from the adeno-associated virus (AAV). This is effective in animal models, allowing correction of defects in the glycosylation of alpha-dystroglycan and an increase in its binding capacity to the extracellular matrix. At the same time, preclinical studies have shown, in an animal model, the efficacy of ribitol, an alcohol pentose found in natural compounds, which has led to a phase I trial whose clinical development is underway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío Nur Villar Quiles
- Centre de Référence des maladies neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Île-de-France, APHP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Richard
- Généthon, 91000 Évry, France. - Université Paris-Saclay, Université d'Évry, Inserm, Généthon, unité de recherche Integrare, UMR_S951, 91000 Évry, France
| | | | - Tanya Stojkovic
- Centre de Référence des maladies neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Île-de-France, APHP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
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10
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Ortiz-Cordero C, Azzag K, Perlingeiro RCR. Fukutin-Related Protein: From Pathology to Treatments. Trends Cell Biol 2020; 31:197-210. [PMID: 33272829 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2020.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Fukutin-related protein (FKRP) is a glycosyltransferase involved in the functional glycosylation of α-dystroglycan (DG), a key component in the link between the cytoskeleton and the extracellular matrix (ECM). Mutations in FKRP lead to dystroglycanopathies with broad severity, including limb-girdle and congenital muscular dystrophy. Studies over the past 5 years have elucidated the function of FKRP, which has expanded the number of therapeutic opportunities for patients carrying FKRP mutations. These include small molecules, gene delivery, and cell therapy. Here we summarize recent findings on the function of FKRP and describe available models for studying diseases and testing therapeutics. Lastly, we highlight preclinical studies that hold potential for the treatment of FKRP-associated dystroglycanopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Ortiz-Cordero
- Lillehei Heart Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA; Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Karim Azzag
- Lillehei Heart Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Rita C R Perlingeiro
- Lillehei Heart Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA; Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA; Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
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11
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Francica P, Mutlu M, Blomen VA, Oliveira C, Nowicka Z, Trenner A, Gerhards NM, Bouwman P, Stickel E, Hekkelman ML, Lingg L, Klebic I, van de Ven M, de Korte-Grimmerink R, Howald D, Jonkers J, Sartori AA, Fendler W, Chapman JR, Brummelkamp T, Rottenberg S. Functional Radiogenetic Profiling Implicates ERCC6L2 in Non-homologous End Joining. Cell Rep 2020; 32:108068. [PMID: 32846126 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Using genome-wide radiogenetic profiling, we functionally dissect vulnerabilities of cancer cells to ionizing radiation (IR). We identify ERCC6L2 as a major determinant of IR response, together with classical DNA damage response genes and members of the recently identified shieldin and CTC1-STN1-TEN1 (CST) complexes. We show that ERCC6L2 contributes to non-homologous end joining (NHEJ), and it may exert this function through interactions with SFPQ. In addition to causing radiosensitivity, ERCC6L2 loss restores DNA end resection and partially rescues homologous recombination (HR) in BRCA1-deficient cells. As a consequence, ERCC6L2 deficiency confers resistance to poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibition in tumors deficient for both BRCA1 and p53. Moreover, we show that ERCC6L2 mutations are found in human tumors and correlate with a better overall survival in patients treated with radiotherapy (RT); this finding suggests that ERCC6L2 is a predictive biomarker of RT response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Francica
- Institute of Animal Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Merve Mutlu
- Institute of Animal Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Vincent A Blomen
- Division of Biochemistry, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Catarina Oliveira
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Molecular Haematology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Zuzanna Nowicka
- Department of Biostatistics and Translational Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, 92-215 Lodz, Poland
| | - Anika Trenner
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nora M Gerhards
- Institute of Animal Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Peter Bouwman
- Oncode Institute, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Division of Molecular Pathology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Elmer Stickel
- Division of Biochemistry, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Maarten L Hekkelman
- Division of Biochemistry, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Lea Lingg
- Institute of Animal Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ismar Klebic
- Institute of Animal Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Marieke van de Ven
- Mouse Clinic for Cancer and Aging Research (MCCA), Preclinical Intervention Unit, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Renske de Korte-Grimmerink
- Mouse Clinic for Cancer and Aging Research (MCCA), Preclinical Intervention Unit, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Denise Howald
- Institute of Animal Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jos Jonkers
- Oncode Institute, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Division of Molecular Pathology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Alessandro A Sartori
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Wojciech Fendler
- Department of Biostatistics and Translational Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, 92-215 Lodz, Poland; Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - J Ross Chapman
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Molecular Haematology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Thijn Brummelkamp
- Division of Biochemistry, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sven Rottenberg
- Institute of Animal Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland; Division of Molecular Pathology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Bern Center for Precision Medicine, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland.
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12
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Kuwabara N, Imae R, Manya H, Tanaka T, Mizuno M, Tsumoto H, Kanagawa M, Kobayashi K, Toda T, Senda T, Endo T, Kato R. Crystal structures of fukutin-related protein (FKRP), a ribitol-phosphate transferase related to muscular dystrophy. Nat Commun 2020; 11:303. [PMID: 31949166 PMCID: PMC6965139 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-14220-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
α-Dystroglycan (α-DG) is a highly-glycosylated surface membrane protein. Defects in the O-mannosyl glycan of α-DG cause dystroglycanopathy, a group of congenital muscular dystrophies. The core M3 O-mannosyl glycan contains tandem ribitol-phosphate (RboP), a characteristic feature first found in mammals. Fukutin and fukutin-related protein (FKRP), whose mutated genes underlie dystroglycanopathy, sequentially transfer RboP from cytidine diphosphate-ribitol (CDP-Rbo) to form a tandem RboP unit in the core M3 glycan. Here, we report a series of crystal structures of FKRP with and without donor (CDP-Rbo) and/or acceptor [RboP-(phospho-)core M3 peptide] substrates. FKRP has N-terminal stem and C-terminal catalytic domains, and forms a tetramer both in crystal and in solution. In the acceptor complex, the phosphate group of RboP is recognized by the catalytic domain of one subunit, and a phosphate group on O-mannose is recognized by the stem domain of another subunit. Structure-based functional studies confirmed that the dimeric structure is essential for FKRP enzymatic activity. Fukutin-related protein (FKRP) catalyses the addition of ribitol-phosphate (RboP) to the O-mannosyl glycan of α-dystroglycan and mutations in FKRP cause dystroglycanopathy. Here the authors provide insights into its oligomerization and recognition of the substrates, CDP-Rbo and the RboP-(phospho-)core M3 glycan, by determining the crystal structures of human FKRP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoyuki Kuwabara
- Structural Biology Research Center, Institute of Materials Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0801, Japan
| | - Rieko Imae
- Molecular Glycobiology, Research Team for Mechanism of Aging, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital and Institute of Gerontology, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-0015, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Manya
- Molecular Glycobiology, Research Team for Mechanism of Aging, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital and Institute of Gerontology, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-0015, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Tanaka
- Laboratory of Glyco-organic Chemistry, The Noguchi Institute, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-0003, Japan
| | - Mamoru Mizuno
- Laboratory of Glyco-organic Chemistry, The Noguchi Institute, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-0003, Japan
| | - Hiroki Tsumoto
- Proteome Research, Research Team for Mechanism of Aging, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital and Institute of Gerontology, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-0015, Japan
| | - Motoi Kanagawa
- Division of Molecular Brain Science, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Kobayashi
- Division of Molecular Brain Science, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Tatsushi Toda
- Division of Molecular Brain Science, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0017, Japan.,Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Toshiya Senda
- Structural Biology Research Center, Institute of Materials Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0801, Japan.,School of High Energy Accelerator Science, SOKENDAI, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0801, Japan
| | - Tamao Endo
- Molecular Glycobiology, Research Team for Mechanism of Aging, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital and Institute of Gerontology, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-0015, Japan.
| | - Ryuichi Kato
- Structural Biology Research Center, Institute of Materials Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0801, Japan. .,School of High Energy Accelerator Science, SOKENDAI, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0801, Japan.
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13
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Henriques SF, Gicquel E, Marsolier J, Richard I. Functional and cellular localization diversity associated with Fukutin-related protein patient genetic variants. Hum Mutat 2019; 40:1874-1885. [PMID: 31268217 DOI: 10.1002/humu.23827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Genetic variants in Fukutin-related protein (FKRP), an essential enzyme of the glycosylation pathway of α-dystroglycan, can lead to pathologies with different severities affecting the eye, brain, and muscle tissues. Here, we generate an in vitro cellular system to characterize the cellular localization as well as the functional potential of the most common FKRP patient missense mutations. We observe a differential retention in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), the indication of misfolded proteins. We find data supporting that mutant protein able to overcome this ER-retention through overexpression present functional levels comparable to the wild-type. We also identify a specific region in FKRP protein localized between residues 300 and 321 in which genetic variants found in patients lead to correctly localized proteins but which are nevertheless functionally impaired or catalytically dead in our model, indicating that this particular region might be important for the enzymatic activity of FKRP within the Golgi. Our system thus allows the functional testing of patient-specific mutant proteins and the identification of candidate mutants to be further explored with the aim of finding pharmacological treatments targeting the protein quality control system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara F Henriques
- INTEGRARE Research Unit, UMR951, Genethon, INSERM, Univ. Paris-Saclay, Evry, F-91002, France
| | - Evelyne Gicquel
- INTEGRARE Research Unit, UMR951, Genethon, INSERM, Univ. Paris-Saclay, Evry, F-91002, France
| | - Justine Marsolier
- INTEGRARE Research Unit, UMR951, Genethon, INSERM, Univ. Paris-Saclay, Evry, F-91002, France
| | - Isabelle Richard
- INTEGRARE Research Unit, UMR951, Genethon, INSERM, Univ. Paris-Saclay, Evry, F-91002, France
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14
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Gicquel E, Maizonnier N, Foltz SJ, Martin WJ, Bourg N, Svinartchouk F, Charton K, Beedle AM, Richard I. AAV-mediated transfer of FKRP shows therapeutic efficacy in a murine model but requires control of gene expression. Hum Mol Genet 2017; 26:1952-1965. [PMID: 28334834 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddx066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Limb Girdle Muscular Dystrophies type 2I (LGMD2I), a recessive autosomal muscular dystrophy, is caused by mutations in the Fukutin Related Protein (FKRP) gene. It has been proposed that FKRP, a ribitol-5-phosphate transferase, is a participant in α-dystroglycan (αDG) glycosylation, which is important to ensure the cell/matrix anchor of muscle fibers. A LGMD2I knock-in mouse model was generated to express the most frequent mutation (L276I) encountered in patients. The expression of FKRP was not altered neither at transcriptional nor at translational levels, but its function was impacted since abnormal glycosylation of αDG was observed. Skeletal muscles were functionally impaired from 2 months of age and a moderate dystrophic pattern was evident starting from 6 months of age. Gene transfer with a rAAV2/9 vector expressing Fkrp restored biochemical defects, corrected the histological abnormalities and improved the resistance to eccentric stress in the mouse model. However, injection of high doses of the vector induced a decrease of αDG glycosylation and laminin binding, even in WT animals. Finally, intravenous injection of the rAAV-Fkrp vector into a dystroglycanopathy mouse model due to Fukutin (Fktn) knock-out indicated a dose-dependent toxicity. These data suggest requirement for a control of FKRP expression in muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyne Gicquel
- INSERM, U951, INTEGRARE Research Unit, Généthon, Evry, F-91002, France
| | | | - Steven J Foltz
- Pharmaceutical & Biomedical Sciences, University of Georgia College of Pharmacy, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - William J Martin
- Animal Health Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Nathalie Bourg
- INSERM, U951, INTEGRARE Research Unit, Généthon, Evry, F-91002, France
| | | | - Karine Charton
- INSERM, U951, INTEGRARE Research Unit, Généthon, Evry, F-91002, France
| | - Aaron M Beedle
- Pharmaceutical & Biomedical Sciences, University of Georgia College of Pharmacy, Athens, GA 30602, USA.,Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binghamton University SUNY, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA
| | - Isabelle Richard
- INSERM, U951, INTEGRARE Research Unit, Généthon, Evry, F-91002, France
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15
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Yagi H, Kuo CW, Obayashi T, Ninagawa S, Khoo KH, Kato K. Direct Mapping of Additional Modifications on Phosphorylated O-glycans of α-Dystroglycan by Mass Spectrometry Analysis in Conjunction with Knocking Out of Causative Genes for Dystroglycanopathy. Mol Cell Proteomics 2016; 15:3424-3434. [PMID: 27601598 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m116.062729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Dystroglycanopathy is a major class of congenital muscular dystrophy caused by a deficiency of functional glycans on α-dystroglycan (αDG) with laminin-binding activity. Recent advances have led to identification of several causative gene products of dystroglycanopathy and characterization of their in vitro enzymatic activities. However, the in vivo functional roles remain equivocal for enzymes such as ISPD, FKTN, FKRP, and TMEM5 that are supposed to be involved in post-phosphoryl modifications linking the GalNAc-β3-GlcNAc-β4-Man-6-phosphate core and the outer laminin-binding glycans. Herein, by direct nano-LC-MS2/MS3 analysis of tryptic glycopeptides derived from a truncated recombinant αDG expressed in the wild-type and a panel of mutated cells deficient in one of these enzymes, we sought to define the full extent of variable modifications on this phosphorylated core O-glycan at the functional Thr317/Thr319 sites. We showed that the most abundant glycoforms carried a phosphorylated core at each of the two sites, with and without a single ribitol phosphate (RboP) extending from terminal HexNAc. At much lower signal intensity, a novel substituent tentatively assigned as glycerol phosphate (GroP) was additionally detected. As expected, tandem RboP extended with a GlcA-Xyl unit was only identified in wild type, whereas knocking out of either ISPD or FKTN prevented formation of RboP. In the absence of FKRP, glycoforms with single but not tandem RboP accumulated, consistent with the suggested role of this enzyme in transferring the second RboP. Intriguingly, the single GroP modification also required functional FKTN whereas absence of TMEM5 significantly hindered only the addition of RboP. Our findings thus revealed additional levels of complexity associated with the core structures, suggesting functional interplay among these enzymes through their interactions. The simplified analytical workflow developed here should facilitate rapid mapping across a wider range of cell types to gain better insights into its physiological relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirokazu Yagi
- From the ‡Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8603, Japan
| | - Chu-Wei Kuo
- §Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, 128, Academia Road Sec. 2, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Takayuki Obayashi
- From the ‡Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8603, Japan
| | - Satoshi Ninagawa
- ¶Okazaki Institute for Integrative Bioscience and Institute for Molecular Science, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8787, Japan
| | - Kay-Hooi Khoo
- §Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, 128, Academia Road Sec. 2, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan;
| | - Koichi Kato
- From the ‡Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8603, Japan; .,¶Okazaki Institute for Integrative Bioscience and Institute for Molecular Science, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8787, Japan
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16
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FKRP mutations, including a founder mutation, cause phenotype variability in Chinese patients with dystroglycanopathies. J Hum Genet 2016; 61:1013-1020. [PMID: 27439679 DOI: 10.1038/jhg.2016.94] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2016] [Revised: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in the fukutin-related protein (FKRP) gene have been associated with dystroglycanopathies, which are common in Europe but rare in Asia. Our study aimed to retrospectively analyze and characterize the clinical, myopathological and genetic features of 12 Chinese patients with FKRP mutations. Three patients were diagnosed with congenital muscular dystrophy type 1C (MDC1C) and nine patients were diagnosed with limb girdle muscular dystrophy type 2I (LGMD2I). Three muscle biopsy specimens had dystrophic changes and reduced glycosylated α-dystroglycan staining, and two showed reduced expression of laminin α2. Two known and 13 novel mutations were identified in our single center cohort. Interestingly, the c.545A>G mutation was found in eight of the nine LGMD2I patients as a founder mutation and this founder mutation in Chinese patients differs from the one seen in European patients. Moreover, patients homozygous for the c.545A>G mutation were clinically asymptomatic, a less severe phenotype than in compound heterozygous patients with the c.545A>G mutation. The 13 novel mutations of FKRP significantly expanded the mutation spectrum of MDC1C and LGMD2I, and the different founder mutations indicate the ethnic difference in FKRP mutations.
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17
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Glucocorticoid Steroid and Alendronate Treatment Alleviates Dystrophic Phenotype with Enhanced Functional Glycosylation of α-Dystroglycan in Mouse Model of Limb-Girdle Muscular Dystrophy with FKRPP448L Mutation. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2016; 186:1635-48. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2016.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Revised: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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18
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A New Mouse Model of Limb-Girdle Muscular Dystrophy Type 2I Homozygous for the Common L276I Mutation Mimicking the Mild Phenotype in Humans. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2016; 74:1137-46. [PMID: 26574668 DOI: 10.1097/nen.0000000000000260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Limb-girdle muscular dystrophy type 2I (LGMD2I) is caused by mutations in the Fukutin-related protein (FKRP) gene, leading to inadequate glycosylation of α-dystroglycan, an important protein linking the extracellular matrix to the cytoskeleton. We created a mouse model of the common FKRP L276I mutation and a hemizygous FKRP L276I knockout model. We studied histopathology and protein expression in the models at different ages and found that homozygous FKRP L276I mice developed a mild progressive myopathy with increased muscle regeneration and fibrosis starting from 1 year of age. This was likely caused by progressive loss of α-dystroglycan-specific glycosylation, which was decreased by 78% at 20 months. The homozygous FKRP knockout was embryonic lethal, but the hemizygous L276I model resembled the homozygous FKRP L276I model at comparable ages. These models emphasize the importance of FKRP in maintaining proper glycosylation of α-dystroglycan. The mild progression in the homozygous FKRP L276I model resembles that in patients with LGMD2I who are homozygous for the L276I mutation. This animal model could, therefore, be relevant for understanding the pathophysiology of and developing a treatment strategy for the human disorder.
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19
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Krag TO, Vissing J. A New Mouse Model of Limb-Girdle Muscular Dystrophy Type 2I Homozygous for the Common L276I Mutation Mimicking the Mild Phenotype in Humans. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/jnen/74.12.1137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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20
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Townsend D. Finding the sweet spot: assembly and glycosylation of the dystrophin-associated glycoprotein complex. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2014; 297:1694-705. [PMID: 25125182 PMCID: PMC4135523 DOI: 10.1002/ar.22974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2014] [Accepted: 03/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The dystrophin-associated glycoprotein complex (DGC) is a collection of glycoproteins that are essential for the normal function of striated muscle and many other tissues. Recent genetic studies have implicated the components of this complex in over a dozen forms of muscular dystrophy. Furthermore, disruption of the DGC has been implicated in many forms of acquired disease. This review aims to summarize the current state of knowledge regarding the processing and assembly of dystrophin-associated proteins with a focus primarily on the dystroglycan heterodimer and the sarcoglycan complex. These proteins form the transmembrane portion of the DGC and undergo a complex multi-step processing with proteolytic cleavage, differential assembly, and both N- and O-glycosylation. The enzymes responsible for this processing and a model describing the sequence and subcellular localization of these events are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dewayne Townsend
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota
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21
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Dias FF, Amaral KB, Carmo LAS, Shamri R, Dvorak AM, Weller PF, Melo RCN. Human Eosinophil Leukocytes Express Protein Disulfide Isomerase in Secretory Granules and Vesicles: Ultrastructural Studies. J Histochem Cytochem 2014; 62:450-459. [PMID: 24670795 DOI: 10.1369/0022155414531437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) has fundamental roles in the oxidative folding of proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of eukaryotic cells. The study of this molecule has been attracting considerable attention due to its association with other cell functions and human diseases. In leukocytes, such as neutrophils, PDI is involved with cell adhesion, signaling and inflammation. However, the expression of PDI in other leukocytes, such as eosinophils, important cells in inflammatory, allergic and immunomodulatory responses, remains to be defined. Here we used different approaches to investigate PDI expression within human eosinophils. Western blotting and flow cytometry demonstrated high PDI expression in both unstimulated and CCL11/eotaxin-1-stimulated eosinophils, with similar levels in both conditions. By using an immunogold electron microscopy technique that combines better epitope preservation and secondary Fab-fragments of antibodies linked to 1.4-nm gold particles for optimal access to microdomains, we identified different intracellular sites for PDI. In addition to predictable strong PDI labeling at the nuclear envelope, other unanticipated sites, such as secretory granules, lipid bodies and vesicles, including large transport vesicles (eosinophil sombrero vesicles), were also labeled. Thus, we provide the first identification of PDI in human eosinophils, suggesting that this molecule may have additional/specific functions in these leukocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe F Dias
- Laboratory of Cellular Biology, Department of Biology, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, UFJF, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil (FFD,KBA,LASC,RCNM)Department of Pathology (AMD)Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (RS,PFW,RCNM)
| | - Kátia B Amaral
- Laboratory of Cellular Biology, Department of Biology, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, UFJF, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil (FFD,KBA,LASC,RCNM)Department of Pathology (AMD)Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (RS,PFW,RCNM)
| | - Lívia A S Carmo
- Laboratory of Cellular Biology, Department of Biology, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, UFJF, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil (FFD,KBA,LASC,RCNM)Department of Pathology (AMD)Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (RS,PFW,RCNM)
| | - Revital Shamri
- Laboratory of Cellular Biology, Department of Biology, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, UFJF, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil (FFD,KBA,LASC,RCNM)Department of Pathology (AMD)Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (RS,PFW,RCNM)
| | - Ann M Dvorak
- Laboratory of Cellular Biology, Department of Biology, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, UFJF, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil (FFD,KBA,LASC,RCNM)Department of Pathology (AMD)Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (RS,PFW,RCNM)
| | - Peter F Weller
- Laboratory of Cellular Biology, Department of Biology, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, UFJF, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil (FFD,KBA,LASC,RCNM)Department of Pathology (AMD)Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (RS,PFW,RCNM)
| | - Rossana C N Melo
- Laboratory of Cellular Biology, Department of Biology, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, UFJF, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil (FFD,KBA,LASC,RCNM)Department of Pathology (AMD)Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (RS,PFW,RCNM)
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22
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Adeno-associated virus 9 mediated FKRP gene therapy restores functional glycosylation of α-dystroglycan and improves muscle functions. Mol Ther 2013; 21:1832-40. [PMID: 23817215 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2013.156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2012] [Accepted: 06/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the FKRP gene are associated with a wide range of muscular dystrophies from mild limb-girdle muscular dystrophy (LGMD) 2I to severe Walker-Warburg syndrome and muscle-eye-brain disease. The characteristic biochemical feature of these diseases is the hypoglycosylation of α-dystroglycan (α-DG). Currently there is no effective treatment available. In this study, we examined the adeno-associated virus serotype 9 vector (AAV9)-mediated gene therapy in the FKRP mutant mouse model with a proline to leucine missense mutation (P448L). Our results showed that intraperitoneal administration of AAV9-FKRP resulted in systemic FKRP expression in all striated muscles examined with the highest levels in cardiac muscle. Consistent with our previous observations, FKRP protein is localized in the Golgi apparatus in myofibers. Expression of FKRP consequently restored functional glycosylation of α-DG in the skeletal and cardiac muscles. Significant improvement in dystrophic pathology, serum creatine kinase levels and muscle function was observed. Only limited FKRP transgene expression was detected in kidney and liver with no detectable toxicity. Our results provided evidence for the utility of AAV-mediated gene replacement therapy for FKRP-related muscular dystrophies.
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Blandin G, Marchand S, Charton K, Danièle N, Gicquel E, Boucheteil JB, Bentaib A, Barrault L, Stockholm D, Bartoli M, Richard I. A human skeletal muscle interactome centered on proteins involved in muscular dystrophies: LGMD interactome. Skelet Muscle 2013; 3:3. [PMID: 23414517 PMCID: PMC3610214 DOI: 10.1186/2044-5040-3-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2012] [Accepted: 02/07/2013] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The complexity of the skeletal muscle and the identification of numerous human disease-causing mutations in its constitutive proteins make it an interesting tissue for proteomic studies aimed at understanding functional relationships of interacting proteins in both health and diseases. Method We undertook a large-scale study using two-hybrid screens and a human skeletal-muscle cDNA library to establish a proteome-scale map of protein-protein interactions centered on proteins involved in limb-girdle muscular dystrophies (LGMD). LGMD is a group of more than 20 different neuromuscular disorders that principally affect the proximal pelvic and shoulder girdle muscles. Results and conclusion The interaction network we unraveled incorporates 1018 proteins connected by 1492 direct binary interactions and includes 1420 novel protein-protein interactions. Computational, experimental and literature-based analyses were performed to assess the overall quality of this network. Interestingly, LGMD proteins were shown to be highly interconnected, in particular indirectly through sarcomeric proteins. In-depth mining of the LGMD-centered interactome identified new candidate genes for orphan LGMDs and other neuromuscular disorders. The data also suggest the existence of functional links between LGMD2B/dysferlin and gene regulation, between LGMD2C/γ-sarcoglycan and energy control and between LGMD2G/telethonin and maintenance of genome integrity. This dataset represents a valuable resource for future functional investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaëlle Blandin
- Généthon CNRS UMR8587, 1, rue de l'Internationale, Evry 91000, France.
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Oikawa A, Lund CH, Sakuragi Y, Scheller HV. Golgi-localized enzyme complexes for plant cell wall biosynthesis. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2013; 18:49-58. [PMID: 22925628 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2012.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2012] [Revised: 07/13/2012] [Accepted: 07/18/2012] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The plant cell wall mostly comprises complex glycans, which are synthesized by numerous enzymes located in the Golgi apparatus and plasma membrane. Protein-protein interactions have been shown to constitute an important organizing principle for glycan biosynthetic enzymes in mammals and yeast. Recent genetic and biochemical data also indicate that such interactions could be common in plant cell wall biosynthesis. In this review, we examine the new findings in protein-protein interactions among plant cell wall biosynthetic enzymes and discuss the possibilities for enzyme complexes in the Golgi apparatus. These new insights in the field may contribute to novel strategies for molecular engineering of the cell wall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai Oikawa
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Feedstocks Division, Emeryville, CA 94608, USA
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Vuillaumier-Barrot S, Bouchet-Séraphin C, Chelbi M, Devisme L, Quentin S, Gazal S, Laquerrière A, Fallet-Bianco C, Loget P, Odent S, Carles D, Bazin A, Aziza J, Clemenson A, Guimiot F, Bonnière M, Monnot S, Bole-Feysot C, Bernard JP, Loeuillet L, Gonzales M, Socha K, Grandchamp B, Attié-Bitach T, Encha-Razavi F, Seta N. Identification of mutations in TMEM5 and ISPD as a cause of severe cobblestone lissencephaly. Am J Hum Genet 2012; 91:1135-43. [PMID: 23217329 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2012.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2012] [Revised: 07/27/2012] [Accepted: 10/05/2012] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cobblestone lissencephaly is a peculiar brain malformation with characteristic radiological anomalies. It is defined as cortical dysplasia that results when neuroglial overmigration into the arachnoid space forms an extracortical layer that produces agyria and/or a "cobblestone" brain surface and ventricular enlargement. Cobblestone lissencephaly is pathognomonic of a continuum of autosomal-recessive diseases characterized by cerebral, ocular, and muscular deficits. These include Walker-Warburg syndrome, muscle-eye-brain disease, and Fukuyama muscular dystrophy. Mutations in POMT1, POMT2, POMGNT1, LARGE, FKTN, and FKRP identified these diseases as alpha-dystroglycanopathies. Our exhaustive screening of these six genes, in a cohort of 90 fetal cases, led to the identification of a mutation in only 53% of the families, suggesting that other genes might also be involved. We therefore decided to perform a genome-wide study in two multiplex families. This allowed us to identify two additional genes: TMEM5 and ISPD. Because TMEM has a glycosyltransferase domain and ISPD has an isoprenoid synthase domain characteristic of nucleotide diP-sugar transferases, these two proteins are thought to be involved in the glycosylation of dystroglycan. Further screening of 40 families with cobblestone lissencephaly identified nonsense and frameshift mutations in another four unrelated cases for each gene, increasing the mutational rate to 64% in our cohort. All these cases displayed a severe phenotype of cobblestone lissencephaly A. TMEM5 mutations were frequently associated with gonadal dysgenesis and neural tube defects, and ISPD mutations were frequently associated with brain vascular anomalies.
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