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Zhou C, Hu Z, Liu X, Wang Y, Wei S, Liu Z. Disruption of the peripheral biological clock may play a role in sleep deprivation-induced dysregulation of lipid metabolism in both the daytime and nighttime phases. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2024; 1869:159530. [PMID: 38964437 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2024.159530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES This study aimed to examine the effect of sleep deprivation (SD) on lipid metabolism or lipid metabolism regulation in the liver and white adipose tissue (WAT) during the light and dark phases and explored the possible mechanisms underlying the diurnal effect of SD on lipid metabolism associated with clock genes. METHODS Male C57BL/6J mice aged 2 months were deprived of sleep daily for 20 h for ten consecutive days with weakly forced locomotion. The body weights and food consumption levels of the SD and control mice were recorded, and the mice were then sacrificed at ZT (zeitgeber time) 2 and ZT 14. The peripheral clock genes, enzymes involved in fat synthesis and catabolism in the WAT, and melatonin signalling pathway-mediated lipid metabolism in the liver were assessed. Untargeted metabolomics and tandem mass tag (TMT) proteomics were used to identify differential lipid metabolism pathways in the liver. RESULTS Bodyweight gain and daily food consumption were dramatically elevated after SD. Profound disruptions in the diurnal regulation of the hepatic peripheral clock and enzymes involved in fat synthesis and catabolism in the WAT were observed, with a strong emphasis on hepatic lipid metabolic pathways, while melatonin signalling pathway-mediated lipid metabolism exhibited moderate changes. CONCLUSIONS In mice, ten consecutive days of SD increased body weight gain and daily food consumption. In addition, SD profoundly disrupted lipid metabolism in the WAT and liver during the light and dark periods. These diurnal changes may be related to disorders of the peripheral biological clock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chufan Zhou
- Yancheng No.1 People's Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Yancheng, China; Nanjing Children's Hospital, Clinical Teaching Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ziping Hu
- Yancheng No.1 People's Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Yancheng, China.
| | - Xuan Liu
- Department of Child, Adolescent and Women's Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuefan Wang
- Department of Child, Adolescent and Women's Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shougang Wei
- Department of Child, Adolescent and Women's Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhifeng Liu
- Nanjing Children's Hospital, Clinical Teaching Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
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2
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Xie X, Zhang M, Luo H. Regulation of metabolism by circadian rhythms: Support from time-restricted eating, intestinal microbiota & omics analysis. Life Sci 2024; 351:122814. [PMID: 38857654 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Revised: 05/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Circadian oscillatory system plays a key role in coordinating the metabolism of most organisms. Perturbation of genetic effects and misalignment of circadian rhythms result in circadian dysfunction and signs of metabolic disorders. The eating-fasting cycle can act on the peripheral circadian clocks, bypassing the photoperiod. Therefore, time-restricted eating (TRE) can improve metabolic health by adjusting eating rhythms, a process achieved through reprogramming of circadian genomes and metabolic programs at different tissue levels or remodeling of the intestinal microbiota, with omics technology allowing visualization of the regulatory processes. Here, we review recent advances in circadian regulation of metabolism, focus on the potential application of TRE for rescuing circadian dysfunction and metabolic disorders with the contribution of intestinal microbiota in between, and summarize the significance of omics technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ximei Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, PR China
| | - Mengjie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, PR China
| | - Hailing Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, PR China.
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3
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Li L, Hyun Cho K, Yu X, Cheng S. Systematic Multi-Omics Investigation of Androgen Receptor Driven Gene Expression and Epigenetics changes in Prostate Cancer. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.07.22.604505. [PMID: 39091838 PMCID: PMC11291036 DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.22.604505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Background Prostate cancer, a common malignancy, is driven by androgen receptor (AR) signaling. Understanding the function of AR signaling is critical for prostate cancer research. Methods We performed multi-omics data analysis for the AR+, androgen-sensitive LNCaP cell line, focusing on gene expression (RNAseq), chromatin accessibility (ATACseq), and transcription factor binding (ChIPseq). High-quality datasets were curated from public repositories and processed using state-of-the-art bioinformatics tools. Results Our analysis identified 1004 up-regulated and 707 down-regulated genes in response to androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) which diminished AR signaling activity. Gene-set enrichment analysis revealed that AR signaling influences pathways related to neuron differentiation, cell adhesion, P53 signaling, and inflammation. ATACseq and ChIPseq data demonstrated that as a transcription factor, AR primarily binds to distal enhancers, influencing chromatin modifications without affecting proximal promoter regions. In addition, the AR-induced genes maintained higher active chromatin states than AR-inhibited genes, even under ADT conditions. Furthermore, ADT did not directly induce neuroendocrine differentiation in LNCaP cells, suggesting a complex mechanism behind neuroendocrine prostate cancer development. In addition, a publicly available online application LNCaP-ADT (https://pcatools.shinyapps.io/shinyADT/) was launched for users to visualize and browse data generated by this study. Conclusion This study provides a comprehensive multi-omics dataset, elucidating the role of AR signaling in prostate cancer at the transcriptomic and epigenomic levels. The reprocessed data is publicly available, offering a valuable resource for future prostate cancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular biology, LSU Health Shreveport, Shreveport, LA
- Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, LSU Health Shreveport, Shreveport, LA
| | - Kyung Hyun Cho
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular biology, LSU Health Shreveport, Shreveport, LA
| | - Xiuping Yu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular biology, LSU Health Shreveport, Shreveport, LA
- Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, LSU Health Shreveport, Shreveport, LA
- Department of Urology, LSU Health Shreveport, Shreveport, LA
| | - Siyuan Cheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular biology, LSU Health Shreveport, Shreveport, LA
- Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, LSU Health Shreveport, Shreveport, LA
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4
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Celik D, Campisi M, Cannella L, Pavanello S. The effect of low birth weight as an intrauterine exposure on the early onset of sarcopenia through possible molecular pathways. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2024; 15:770-780. [PMID: 38553412 PMCID: PMC11154781 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.13455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia, a musculoskeletal disease characterized by the progressive loss of skeletal muscle mass, strength, and physical performance, presents significant challenges to global public health due to its adverse effects on mobility, morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs. This comprehensive review explores the intricate connections between sarcopenia and low birth weight (LBW), emphasizing the developmental origins of health and disease (DOHaD) hypothesis, inflammatory processes (inflammaging), mitochondrial dysfunction, circadian rhythm disruptions, epigenetic mechanisms, and genetic variations revealed through genome-wide studies (GWAS). A systematic search strategy was developed using PubMed to identify relevant English-language publications on sarcopenia, LBW, DOHaD, inflammaging, mitochondrial dysfunction, circadian disruption, epigenetic mechanisms, and GWAS. The publications consist of 46.2% reviews, 21.2% cohort studies, 4.8% systematic reviews, 1.9% cross-sectional studies, 13.4% animal studies, 4.8% genome-wide studies, 5.8% epigenome-wide studies, and 1.9% book chapters. The review identified key factors contributing to sarcopenia development, including the DOHaD hypothesis, LBW impact on muscle mass, inflammaging, mitochondrial dysfunction, the influence of clock genes, the role of epigenetic mechanisms, and genetic variations revealed through GWAS. The DOHaD theory suggests that LBW induces epigenetic alterations during foetal development, impacting long-term health outcomes, including the early onset of sarcopenia. LBW correlates with reduced muscle mass, grip strength, and lean body mass in adulthood, increasing the risk of sarcopenia. Chronic inflammation (inflammaging) and mitochondrial dysfunction contribute to sarcopenia, with LBW linked to increased oxidative stress and dysfunction. Disrupted circadian rhythms, regulated by genes such as BMAL1 and CLOCK, are associated with both LBW and sarcopenia, impacting lipid metabolism, muscle mass, and the ageing process. Early-life exposures, including LBW, induce epigenetic modifications like DNA methylation (DNAm) and histone changes, playing a pivotal role in sarcopenia development. Genome-wide studies have identified candidate genes and variants associated with lean body mass, muscle weakness, and sarcopenia, providing insights into genetic factors contributing to the disorder. LBW emerges as a potential early predictor of sarcopenia development, reflecting the impact of intrauterine exposures on long-term health outcomes. Understanding the complex interplay between LBW with inflammaging, mitochondrial dysfunction, circadian disruption, and epigenetic factors is essential for elucidating the pathogenesis of sarcopenia and developing targeted interventions. Future research on GWAS and the underlying mechanisms of LBW-associated sarcopenia is warranted to inform preventive strategies and improve public health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilek Celik
- Department of Pharmceutical and Pharmacological SciencesUniversity of PaduaPaduaItaly
| | - Manuela Campisi
- Department of Cardiac Thoracic Vascular Sciences and Public HealthUniversity of PaduaPaduaItaly
| | - Luana Cannella
- Department of Cardiac Thoracic Vascular Sciences and Public HealthUniversity of PaduaPaduaItaly
| | - Sofia Pavanello
- Department of Cardiac Thoracic Vascular Sciences and Public HealthUniversity of PaduaPaduaItaly
- University Hospital of PadovaPaduaItaly
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Gu W, Li T, Huang Y, Wang R, Zhang L, Chen R, Li R, Liu C. Metabolic Profile and Lipid Metabolism Phenotype in Mice with Conditional Deletion of Hepatic BMAL1. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6070. [PMID: 38892255 PMCID: PMC11172555 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25116070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The disruption of circadian rhythms (CRs) has been linked to metabolic disorders, yet the role of hepatic BMAL1, a key circadian regulator, in the whole-body metabolism and the associated lipid metabolic phenotype in the liver remains unclear. Bmal1 floxed (Bmal1f/f) and hepatocyte-specific Bmal1 knockout (Bmal1hep-/-) C57BL/6J mice underwent a regular feeding regimen. Hepatic CR, lipid content, mitochondrial function, and systemic metabolism were assessed at zeitgeber time (ZT) 0 and ZT12. Relevant molecules were examined to elucidate the metabolic phenotype. Hepatocyte-specific knockout of Bmal1 disrupted the expression of rhythmic genes in the liver. Bmal1hep-/- mice exhibited decreased hepatic TG content at ZT0, primarily due to enhanced lipolysis, reduced lipogenesis, and diminished lipid uptake. The β-oxidation function of liver mitochondria decreased at both ZT0 and ZT12. Our findings on the metabolic profile and associated hepatic lipid metabolism in the absence of Bmal1 in hepatocytes provides new insights into metabolic syndromes from the perspective of liver CR disturbances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijia Gu
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China; (W.G.)
- Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Air Pollution and Health, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Ting Li
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China; (W.G.)
| | - Yuxin Huang
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China; (W.G.)
| | - Ruiqing Wang
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China; (W.G.)
| | - Lu Zhang
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China; (W.G.)
- Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Air Pollution and Health, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Rucheng Chen
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China; (W.G.)
- Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Air Pollution and Health, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Ran Li
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China; (W.G.)
- Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Air Pollution and Health, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Cuiqing Liu
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China; (W.G.)
- Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Air Pollution and Health, Hangzhou 310053, China
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Kumar A, Vaca-Dempere M, Mortimer T, Deryagin O, Smith JG, Petrus P, Koronowski KB, Greco CM, Segalés J, Andrés E, Lukesova V, Zinna VM, Welz PS, Serrano AL, Perdiguero E, Sassone-Corsi P, Benitah SA, Muñoz-Cánoves P. Brain-muscle communication prevents muscle aging by maintaining daily physiology. Science 2024; 384:563-572. [PMID: 38696572 DOI: 10.1126/science.adj8533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
A molecular clock network is crucial for daily physiology and maintaining organismal health. We examined the interactions and importance of intratissue clock networks in muscle tissue maintenance. In arrhythmic mice showing premature aging, we created a basic clock module involving a central and a peripheral (muscle) clock. Reconstituting the brain-muscle clock network is sufficient to preserve fundamental daily homeostatic functions and prevent premature muscle aging. However, achieving whole muscle physiology requires contributions from other peripheral clocks. Mechanistically, the muscle peripheral clock acts as a gatekeeper, selectively suppressing detrimental signals from the central clock while integrating important muscle homeostatic functions. Our research reveals the interplay between the central and peripheral clocks in daily muscle function and underscores the impact of eating patterns on these interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun Kumar
- Department of Medicine and Life Sciences (MELIS), Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mireia Vaca-Dempere
- Department of Medicine and Life Sciences (MELIS), Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Thomas Mortimer
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB), Barcelona, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Oleg Deryagin
- Department of Medicine and Life Sciences (MELIS), Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jacob G Smith
- Department of Medicine and Life Sciences (MELIS), Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
- Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism, U1233 INSERM, Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Paul Petrus
- Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism, U1233 INSERM, Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
- Department of Medicine (H7), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 141 86, Sweden
| | - Kevin B Koronowski
- Department of Biochemistry & Structural Biology, Sam and Ann Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Carolina M Greco
- Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism, U1233 INSERM, Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University and Humanitas Research Hospital IRCCS, 20089, Rozzano (Milan), Italy
| | - Jessica Segalés
- Department of Medicine and Life Sciences (MELIS), Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eva Andrés
- Department of Medicine and Life Sciences (MELIS), Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Vera Lukesova
- Department of Medicine and Life Sciences (MELIS), Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Valentina M Zinna
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB), Barcelona, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Patrick-Simon Welz
- Cancer Research Programme, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antonio L Serrano
- Department of Medicine and Life Sciences (MELIS), Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
- Altos Labs Inc., San Diego Institute of Science, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Eusebio Perdiguero
- Department of Medicine and Life Sciences (MELIS), Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
- Altos Labs Inc., San Diego Institute of Science, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Paolo Sassone-Corsi
- Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism, U1233 INSERM, Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
- Deceased
| | - Salvador Aznar Benitah
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB), Barcelona, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pura Muñoz-Cánoves
- Department of Medicine and Life Sciences (MELIS), Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
- Altos Labs Inc., San Diego Institute of Science, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
- Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), 08010 Barcelona, Spain
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7
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Ma D, Qu Y, Wu T, Liu X, Cai L, Wang Y. Excessive fat expenditure in MCT-induced heart failure rats is associated with BMAL1/REV-ERBα circadian rhythmic loop disruption. Sci Rep 2024; 14:8128. [PMID: 38584196 PMCID: PMC10999456 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-58577-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Fat loss predicts adverse outcomes in advanced heart failure (HF). Disrupted circadian clocks are a primary cause of lipid metabolic issues, but it's unclear if this disruption affects fat expenditure in HF. To address this issue, we investigated the effects of disruption of the BMAL1/REV-ERBα circadian rhythmic loop on adipose tissue metabolism in HF.50 Wistar rats were initially divided into control (n = 10) and model (n = 40) groups. The model rats were induced with HF via monocrotaline (MCT) injections, while the control group received equivalent solvent injections. After establishing the HF model, the model group was further subdivided into four groups: normal rhythm (LD), inverted rhythm (DL), lentivirus vector carrying Bmal1 short hairpin RNA (LV-Bmal1 shRNA), and empty lentivirus vector control (LV-Control shRNA) groups, each with 10 rats. The DL subgroup was exposed to a reversed light-dark cycle of 8 h: 16 h (dark: light), while the rest adhered to normal light-dark conditions (light: dark 12 h: 12 h). Histological analyses were conducted using H&E, Oil Red O, and Picrosirius red stains to examine adipose and liver tissues. Immunohistochemical staining, RT-qPCR, and Western blotting were performed to detect markers of lipolysis, lipogenesis, and beiging of white adipose tissue (WAT), while thermogenesis indicators were detected in brown adipose tissue (BAT). The LD group rats exhibited decreased levels of BMAL1 protein, increased levels of REV-ERBα protein, and disrupted circadian circuits in adipose tissue compared to controls. Additionally, HF rats showed reduced adipose mass and increased ectopic lipid deposition, along with smaller adipocytes containing lower lipid content and fibrotic adipose tissue. In the LD group WAT, expression of ATGL, HSL, PKA, and p-PKA proteins increased, alongside elevated mRNA levels of lipase genes (Hsl, Atgl, Peripilin) and FFA β-oxidation genes (Cpt1, acyl-CoA). Conversely, lipogenic gene expression (Scd1, Fas, Mgat, Dgat2) decreased, while beige adipocyte markers (Cd137, Tbx-1, Ucp-1, Zic-1) and UCP-1 protein expression increased. In BAT, HF rats exhibited elevated levels of PKA, p-PKA, and UCP-1 proteins, along with increased expression of thermogenic genes (Ucp-1, Pparγ, Pgc-1α) and lipid transportation genes (Cd36, Fatp-1, Cpt-1). Plasma NT-proBNP levels were higher in LD rats, accompanied by elevated NE and IL-6 levels in adipose tissue. Remarkably, morphologically, the adipocytes in the DL and LV-Bmal1 shRNA groups showed reduced size and lower lipid content, while lipid deposition in the liver was more pronounced in these groups compared to the LD group. At the gene/protein level, the BMAL1/REV-ERBα circadian loop exhibited severe disruption in LV-Bmal1 shRNA rats compared to LD rats. Additionally, there was increased expression of lipase genes, FFA β oxidation genes, and beige adipocyte markers in WAT, as well as higher expression of thermogenic genes and lipid transportation genes in BAT. Furthermore, plasma NT-proBNP levels and adipose tissue levels of NE and IL-6 were elevated in LV-Bmal1 shRNA rats compared with LD rats. The present study demonstrates that disruption of the BMAL1/REV-ERBα circadian rhythmic loop is associated with fat expenditure in HF. This result suggests that restoring circadian rhythms in adipose tissue may help counteract disorders of adipose metabolism and reduce fat loss in HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dufang Ma
- First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250014, Shandong, China
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital, No. 16369 Jingshi Road, Lixia District, Jinan, 250014, Shandong, China
| | - Yiwei Qu
- First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250014, Shandong, China
| | - Tao Wu
- First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250014, Shandong, China
| | - Xue Liu
- First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250014, Shandong, China
| | - Lu Cai
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital, No. 16369 Jingshi Road, Lixia District, Jinan, 250014, Shandong, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital, No. 16369 Jingshi Road, Lixia District, Jinan, 250014, Shandong, China.
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8
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Zhan C, Chen H, Zhang Z, Shao Y, Xu B, Hua R, Yao Q, Liu W, Shen Q. BMAL1 deletion protects against obesity and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease induced by a high-fat diet. Int J Obes (Lond) 2024; 48:469-476. [PMID: 38081925 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-023-01435-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Obesity and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are major health concerns. The circadian rhythm is an autonomous and intrinsic timekeeping system closely associated with energy metabolism and obesity. Thus, this study explored the role of brain and muscle aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator-like1 (BMAL1), a circadian clock regulator, in the development of obesity and NAFLD. METHODS We generated BMAL1 knockout (BMAL1 KO) mice to imitate circadian rhythm disruption. The study comprised three groups from the same litter: BMAL1 KO mice fed a high-fat diet (to establish obesity and NAFLD phenotypes), wild-type mice fed normal chow, and wild-type mice fed a high-fat diet. The metabolic and NAFLD phenotypes were assessed via physiological measurements and histological examinations. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blotting were used to identify and validate changes in the signaling pathways responsible for the altered NAFLD phenotypes in the wild-type and BMAL1 KO mice. RESULTS BMAL1 depletion protected against obesity and metabolic disorders induced by a high-fat diet. BMAL1 depletion also prevented hepatic steatosis and inhibited cluster of differentiation 36 and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (i.e., PPARγ) expression. CONCLUSIONS BMAL1 plays an important role in the development of obesity and NAFLD and, thus, is a potential therapeutic target for these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongwen Zhan
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haoran Chen
- Department of Urology, Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhao Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yikai Shao
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rong Hua
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiyuan Yao
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenjuan Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Qiwei Shen
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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9
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Jesse TG, Becer E, Kalkan R. Identification of the Relationship Between DNA Methylation of Circadian Rhythm Genes and Obesity. Biochem Genet 2024; 62:281-293. [PMID: 37329425 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-023-10415-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
In children, teenagers, and young adults, environmental factors and genetic modifications have contributed to the development of obesity. There is a close relationship between obesity and circadian rhythm. To understand the role of CLOCK and BMAL1 in obesity, we analyzed the methylation status of CLOCK and BMAL1 in obese and control subjects. In this paper, we analyzed the methylation status of the CLOCK and BMAL1 genes by using MS-HRM in a total of 55 obese and 54 control subjects. In our study, we demonstrated that the level of fasting glucose and the level of HDL-cholesterol were associated with CLOCK methylation in obesity. We also showed a significant association between BMAL1 gene methylation and waist and hip circumference in obese subjects. This is the first study that shows the methylation of BMAL1 is associated with the obese phenotype. However, we could not show a direct association between CLOCK methylation and the obese phenotype. In this paper, a novel epigenetic interaction between circadian clock genes and obesity was demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tirah Galaya Jesse
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Near East University, Mersin 10, Nicosia, 99138, Turkey
| | - Eda Becer
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Eastern Mediterranean University, Mersin 10, Famagusta, 99628, Turkey
| | - Rasime Kalkan
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Near East University, Mersin 10, Nicosia, 99138, Turkey.
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Cyprus Health and Social Sciences University, Mersin 10, Guzelyurt, 99138, Turkey.
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10
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Lee CH, Murrell CE, Chu A, Pan X. Circadian Regulation of Apolipoproteins in the Brain: Implications in Lipid Metabolism and Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17415. [PMID: 38139244 PMCID: PMC10743770 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The circadian rhythm is a 24 h internal clock within the body that regulates various factors, including sleep, body temperature, and hormone secretion. Circadian rhythm disruption is an important risk factor for many diseases including neurodegenerative illnesses. The central and peripheral oscillators' circadian clock network controls the circadian rhythm in mammals. The clock genes govern the central clock in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the brain. One function of the circadian clock is regulating lipid metabolism. However, investigations of the circadian regulation of lipid metabolism-associated apolipoprotein genes in the brain are lacking. This review summarizes the rhythmic expression of clock genes and lipid metabolism-associated apolipoprotein genes within the SCN in Mus musculus. Nine of the twenty apolipoprotein genes identified from searching the published database (SCNseq and CircaDB) are highly expressed in the SCN. Most apolipoprotein genes (ApoE, ApoC1, apoA1, ApoH, ApoM, and Cln) show rhythmic expression in the brain in mice and thus might be regulated by the master clock. Therefore, this review summarizes studies on lipid-associated apolipoprotein genes in the SCN and other brain locations, to understand how apolipoproteins associated with perturbed cerebral lipid metabolism cause multiple brain diseases and disorders. This review describes recent advancements in research, explores current questions, and identifies directions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaeeun Hannah Lee
- Department of Foundations of Medicine, New York University Grossman Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, NY 11501, USA
| | - Charlotte Ellzabeth Murrell
- Department of Foundations of Medicine, New York University Grossman Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, NY 11501, USA
| | - Alexander Chu
- Department of Foundations of Medicine, New York University Grossman Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, NY 11501, USA
| | - Xiaoyue Pan
- Department of Foundations of Medicine, New York University Grossman Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, NY 11501, USA
- Diabetes and Obesity Research Center, NYU Langone Hospital-Long Island, Mineola, NY 11501, USA
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11
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Soliz-Rueda JR, López-Fernández-Sobrino R, Schellekens H, Torres-Fuentes C, Arola L, Bravo FI, Muguerza B. Sweet treats before sleep disrupt the clock system and increase metabolic risk markers in healthy rats. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2023; 239:e14005. [PMID: 37243893 DOI: 10.1111/apha.14005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
AIM Biological rhythms are endogenously generated natural cycles that act as pacemakers of different physiological mechanisms and homeostasis in the organism, and whose disruption increases metabolic risk. The circadian rhythm is not only reset by light but it is also regulated by behavioral cues such as timing of food intake. This study investigates whether the chronic consumption of a sweet treat before sleeping can disrupt diurnal rhythmicity and metabolism in healthy rats. METHODS For this, 32 Fischer rats were administered daily a low dose of sugar (160 mg/kg, equivalent to 2.5 g in humans) as a sweet treat at 8:00 a.m. or 8:00 p.m. (ZT0 and ZT12, respectively) for 4 weeks. To elucidate diurnal rhythmicity of clock gene expression and metabolic parameters, animals were sacrificed at different times, including 1, 7, 13, and 19 h after the last sugar dose (ZT1, ZT7, ZT13, and ZT19). RESULTS Increased body weight gain and higher cardiometabolic risk were observed when sweet treat was administered at the beginning of the resting period. Moreover, central clock and food intake signaling genes varied depending on snack time. Specifically, the hypothalamic expression of Nampt, Bmal1, Rev-erbα, and Cart showed prominent changes in their diurnal expression pattern, highlighting that sweet treat before bedtime disrupts hypothalamic control of energy homeostasis. CONCLUSIONS These results show that central clock genes and metabolic effects following a low dose of sugar are strongly time-dependent, causing higher circadian metabolic disruption when it is consumed at the beginning of the resting period, that is, with the late-night snack.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge R Soliz-Rueda
- Biochemistry and Biotechnology Department, Nutrigenomics Research Group, University Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, Cork, Ireland
| | - Raúl López-Fernández-Sobrino
- Biochemistry and Biotechnology Department, Nutrigenomics Research Group, University Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Harriët Schellekens
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, Cork, Ireland
| | - Cristina Torres-Fuentes
- Biochemistry and Biotechnology Department, Nutrigenomics Research Group, University Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Lluis Arola
- Biochemistry and Biotechnology Department, Nutrigenomics Research Group, University Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Francisca Isabel Bravo
- Biochemistry and Biotechnology Department, Nutrigenomics Research Group, University Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Begoña Muguerza
- Biochemistry and Biotechnology Department, Nutrigenomics Research Group, University Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, Cork, Ireland
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12
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Bolshette N, Ibrahim H, Reinke H, Asher G. Circadian regulation of liver function: from molecular mechanisms to disease pathophysiology. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023; 20:695-707. [PMID: 37291279 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-023-00792-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A wide variety of liver functions are regulated daily by the liver circadian clock and via systemic circadian control by other organs and cells within the gastrointestinal tract as well as the microbiome and immune cells. Disruption of the circadian system, as occurs during jetlag, shift work or an unhealthy lifestyle, is implicated in several liver-related pathologies, ranging from metabolic diseases such as obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease to liver malignancies such as hepatocellular carcinoma. In this Review, we cover the molecular, cellular and organismal aspects of various liver pathologies from a circadian viewpoint, and in particular how circadian dysregulation has a role in the development and progression of these diseases. Finally, we discuss therapeutic and lifestyle interventions that carry health benefits through support of a functional circadian clock that acts in synchrony with the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nityanand Bolshette
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Hussam Ibrahim
- University of Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty, Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Hans Reinke
- University of Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty, Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Gad Asher
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
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13
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Yamaguchi Y, Maekawa Y, Kabashima K, Mizuno T, Tainaka M, Suzuki T, Dojo K, Tominaga T, Kuroiwa S, Masubuchi S, Doi M, Tominaga K, Kobayashi K, Yamagata S, Itoi K, Abe M, Schwartz WJ, Sakimura K, Okamura H. An intact pituitary vasopressin system is critical for building a robust circadian clock in the suprachiasmatic nucleus. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2308489120. [PMID: 37844254 PMCID: PMC10614613 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2308489120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The circadian clock is a biological timekeeping system that oscillates with a circa-24-h period, reset by environmental timing cues, especially light, to the 24-h day-night cycle. In mammals, a "central" clock in the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) synchronizes "peripheral" clocks throughout the body to regulate behavior, metabolism, and physiology. A key feature of the clock's oscillation is resistance to abrupt perturbations, but the mechanisms underlying such robustness are not well understood. Here, we probe clock robustness to unexpected photic perturbation by measuring the speed of reentrainment of the murine locomotor rhythm after an abrupt advance of the light-dark cycle. Using an intersectional genetic approach, we implicate a critical role for arginine vasopressin pathways, both central within the SCN and peripheral from the anterior pituitary.
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Grants
- 18H04015 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT)
- 15H05642 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT)
- 22K06594 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT)
- 22K18384 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT)
- 20K20864 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT)
- 18002016 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT)
- 16H06276 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT)
- JPMJCR14W3 MEXT | JST | Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST)
- BR220401 MEXT | Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS)
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiaki Yamaguchi
- Department of Systems Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto606-8501, Japan
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Materials and Bioengineering, Kansai University, Suita564-8680, Japan
| | - Yota Maekawa
- Department of Systems Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto606-8501, Japan
| | - Kyohei Kabashima
- Department of Systems Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto606-8501, Japan
| | - Takanobu Mizuno
- Department of Systems Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto606-8501, Japan
| | - Motomi Tainaka
- Department of Systems Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto606-8501, Japan
| | - Toru Suzuki
- Department of Systems Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto606-8501, Japan
| | - Kumiko Dojo
- Department of Systems Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto606-8501, Japan
| | - Takeichiro Tominaga
- Department of Systems Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto606-8501, Japan
| | - Sayaka Kuroiwa
- Department of Systems Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto606-8501, Japan
| | - Satoru Masubuchi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute480-1195, Japan
| | - Masao Doi
- Department of Systems Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto606-8501, Japan
| | - Keiko Tominaga
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita565-0871, Japan
| | - Kazuto Kobayashi
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima960-1295, Japan
| | - Satoshi Yamagata
- Graduate School of Information Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai980-0845, Japan
| | - Keiichi Itoi
- Graduate School of Information Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai980-0845, Japan
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Tohoku Fukushi University, Sendai981-8522, Japan
| | - Manabu Abe
- Department of Cellular Neurobiology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata951-8585, Japan
- Department of Animal Model Development, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata951-8585, Japan
| | - William J. Schwartz
- Department of Neurology, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX78712
| | - Kenji Sakimura
- Department of Cellular Neurobiology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata951-8585, Japan
- Department of Animal Model Development, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata951-8585, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Okamura
- Department of Systems Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto606-8501, Japan
- Department of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto606-8501, Japan
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14
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Csoma B, Bikov A. The Role of the Circadian Rhythm in Dyslipidaemia and Vascular Inflammation Leading to Atherosclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14145. [PMID: 37762448 PMCID: PMC10532147 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are among the leading causes of death worldwide. Many lines of evidence suggest that the disturbances in circadian rhythm are responsible for the development of CVDs; however, circadian misalignment is not yet a treatable trait in clinical practice. The circadian rhythm is controlled by the central clock located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus and clock genes (molecular clock) located in all cells. Dyslipidaemia and vascular inflammation are two hallmarks of atherosclerosis and numerous experimental studies conclude that they are under direct influence by both central and molecular clocks. This review will summarise the results of experimental studies on lipid metabolism, vascular inflammation and circadian rhythm, and translate them into the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease. We discuss the effect of time-respected administration of medications in cardiovascular medicine. We review the evidence on the effect of bright light and melatonin on cardiovascular health, lipid metabolism and vascular inflammation. Finally, we suggest an agenda for future research and recommend on clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balazs Csoma
- Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester M23 9LT, UK;
- Department of Pulmonology, Semmelweis University, 1083 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Andras Bikov
- Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester M23 9LT, UK;
- Division of Immunology, Immunity to Infection and Respiratory Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
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15
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Civelek E, Ozturk Civelek D, Akyel YK, Kaleli Durman D, Okyar A. Circadian Dysfunction in Adipose Tissue: Chronotherapy in Metabolic Diseases. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1077. [PMID: 37626963 PMCID: PMC10452180 DOI: 10.3390/biology12081077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Essential for survival and reproduction, the circadian timing system (CTS) regulates adaptation to cyclical changes such as the light/dark cycle, temperature change, and food availability. The regulation of energy homeostasis possesses rhythmic properties that correspond to constantly fluctuating needs for energy production and consumption. Adipose tissue is mainly responsible for energy storage and, thus, operates as one of the principal components of energy homeostasis regulation. In accordance with its roles in energy homeostasis, alterations in adipose tissue's physiological processes are associated with numerous pathologies, such as obesity and type 2 diabetes. These alterations also include changes in circadian rhythm. In the current review, we aim to summarize the current knowledge regarding the circadian rhythmicity of adipogenesis, lipolysis, adipokine secretion, browning, and non-shivering thermogenesis in adipose tissue and to evaluate possible links between those alterations and metabolic diseases. Based on this evaluation, potential therapeutic approaches, as well as clock genes as potential therapeutic targets, are also discussed in the context of chronotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erkan Civelek
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, 34116 Istanbul, Turkey; (E.C.); (D.K.D.)
| | - Dilek Ozturk Civelek
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bezmialem Vakıf University, 34093 Istanbul, Turkey;
| | - Yasemin Kubra Akyel
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, 34815 Istanbul, Turkey;
| | - Deniz Kaleli Durman
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, 34116 Istanbul, Turkey; (E.C.); (D.K.D.)
| | - Alper Okyar
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, 34116 Istanbul, Turkey; (E.C.); (D.K.D.)
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16
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Castelnuovo G, Perez-Diaz-Del-Campo N, Rosso C, Guariglia M, Armandi A, Nicolosi A, Caviglia GP, Bugianesi E. Impact of Chronotype and Mediterranean Diet on the Risk of Liver Fibrosis in Patients with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Nutrients 2023; 15:3257. [PMID: 37513675 PMCID: PMC10385040 DOI: 10.3390/nu15143257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Late chronotype, the individual's aptitude to perform daily activities late in the day, has been associated with low adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) and metabolic syndrome. The aim of this work was to investigate the potential association of chronotype and adherence to the MedDiet with the liver fibrosis risk in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Liver stiffness was assessed in 126 patients by FibroScan®530. Significant (F ≥ 2) and advanced (F ≥ 3) hepatic fibrosis were defined according to liver stiffness values ≥7.1 kPa and ≥8.8 kPa, respectively. Chronotype (MSFsc) was defined by the Munich Chronotype Questionnaire, and adherence to the MedDiet was defined by the Mediterranean diet score (MDS). Overall, the median age was 55 (46-63) years, and 57.9% of participants were male. The principal comorbidities were type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) (26.1%), arterial hypertension (53.1%), dyslipidaemia (63.4%), obstructive sleep apnoea (5.5%) and depression (5.5%). Most subjects (65.0%) had intermediate + late chronotype and showed higher mid-sleep on workdays (p < 0.001) and on work-free days (p < 0.001) compared to those with early chronotype. In the logistic regression model, intermediate + late chronotype (p = 0.024), MDS (p = 0.019) and T2DM (p = 0.004) were found to be significantly and independently associated with the risk of both F ≥ 2 And F ≥ 3. We observed that the intermediate + late chronotype and low adherence to the MedDiet were associated with both significant and advanced liver fibrosis in patients with NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Chiara Rosso
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Marta Guariglia
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Angelo Armandi
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
- Metabolic Liver Disease Research Program, I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Aurora Nicolosi
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | | | - Elisabetta Bugianesi
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
- Gastroenterology Unit, Città della Salute e della Scienza-Molinette Hospital, 10126 Turin, Italy
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17
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Petrenko V, Sinturel F, Riezman H, Dibner C. Lipid metabolism around the body clocks. Prog Lipid Res 2023; 91:101235. [PMID: 37187314 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2023.101235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Lipids play important roles in energy metabolism along with diverse aspects of biological membrane structure, signaling and other functions. Perturbations of lipid metabolism are responsible for the development of various pathologies comprising metabolic syndrome, obesity, and type 2 diabetes. Accumulating evidence suggests that circadian oscillators, operative in most cells of our body, coordinate temporal aspects of lipid homeostasis. In this review we summarize current knowledge on the circadian regulation of lipid digestion, absorption, transportation, biosynthesis, catabolism, and storage. Specifically, we focus on the molecular interactions between functional clockwork and biosynthetic pathways of major lipid classes comprising cholesterol, fatty acids, triacylglycerols, glycerophospholipids, glycosphingolipids, and sphingomyelins. A growing body of epidemiological studies associate a socially imposed circadian misalignment common in modern society with growing incidence of metabolic disorders, however the disruption of lipid metabolism rhythms in this connection has only been recently revealed. Here, we highlight recent studies that unravel the mechanistic link between intracellular molecular clocks, lipid homeostasis and development of metabolic diseases based on animal models of clock disruption and on innovative translational studies in humans. We also discuss the perspectives of manipulating circadian oscillators as a potentially powerful approach for preventing and managing metabolic disorders in human patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Volodymyr Petrenko
- Thoracic and Endocrine Surgery Division, Department of Surgery, University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva 1211, Switzerland; Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva 1211, Switzerland; Diabetes Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva 1211, Switzerland; Institute of Genetics and Genomics in Geneva (iGE3), Geneva 1211, Switzerland
| | - Flore Sinturel
- Thoracic and Endocrine Surgery Division, Department of Surgery, University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva 1211, Switzerland; Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva 1211, Switzerland; Diabetes Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva 1211, Switzerland; Institute of Genetics and Genomics in Geneva (iGE3), Geneva 1211, Switzerland
| | - Howard Riezman
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, NCCR Chemical Biology, University of Geneva, Geneva 1211, Switzerland
| | - Charna Dibner
- Thoracic and Endocrine Surgery Division, Department of Surgery, University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva 1211, Switzerland; Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva 1211, Switzerland; Diabetes Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva 1211, Switzerland; Institute of Genetics and Genomics in Geneva (iGE3), Geneva 1211, Switzerland.
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18
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Abstract
The circadian clock plays an essential role in coordinating feeding and metabolic rhythms with the light/dark cycle. Disruption of clocks is associated with increased adiposity and metabolic disorders, whereas aligning feeding time with cell-autonomous rhythms in metabolism improves health. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of recent literature in adipose tissue biology as well as our understanding of molecular mechanisms underlying the circadian regulation of transcription, metabolism, and inflammation in adipose tissue. We highlight recent efforts to uncover the mechanistic links between clocks and adipocyte metabolism, as well as its application to dietary and behavioral interventions to improve health and mitigate obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea Hepler
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Molecular Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
| | - Joseph Bass
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Molecular Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
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19
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Watanabe A, Koike H, Kumagami N, Shimba S, Manabe I, Oishi Y. Arntl deficiency in myeloid cells reduces neutrophil recruitment and delays skeletal muscle repair. Sci Rep 2023; 13:6747. [PMID: 37185573 PMCID: PMC10130093 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-33830-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
After a muscle injury, a process comprising inflammation, repair, and regeneration must occur in a time-sensitive manner for skeletal muscle to be adequately repaired and regenerated. This complex process is assumed to be controlled by various myeloid cell types, including monocytes and macrophages, though the mechanism is not fully understood. Aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator-like (Arntl or Bmal1) is a transcription factor that controls the circadian rhythm and has been implicated in regulating myeloid cell functions. In the present study, we generated myeloid cell-specific Arntl conditional knockout (cKO) mice to assess the role of Arntl expressed in myeloid cell populations during the repair process after muscle injury. Myeloid cell-specific Arntl deletion impaired muscle regeneration after cardiotoxin injection. Flow cytometric analyses revealed that, in cKO mice, the numbers of infiltrating neutrophils and Ly6Chi monocytes within the injured site were reduced on days 1 and 2, respectively, after muscle injury. Moreover, neutrophil migration and the numbers of circulating monocytes were significantly reduced in cKO mice, which suggests these effects may account, at least in part, for the impaired regeneration. These findings suggest that Arntl, expressed in the myeloid lineage regulates neutrophil and monocyte recruitment and is therefore required for skeletal muscle regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiko Watanabe
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5 Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8602, Japan
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Koike
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5 Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8602, Japan.
| | - Naoki Kumagami
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5 Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8602, Japan
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Shigeki Shimba
- Department of Health Science, School of Pharmacy, Nihon University, 7-7-1 Narashinodai, Funabashi, Chiba, 274-8555, Japan
| | - Ichiro Manabe
- Department of Systems Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Yumiko Oishi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5 Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8602, Japan.
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20
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Takeuchi S, Shimizu K, Fukada Y, Emoto K. The circadian clock in the piriform cortex intrinsically tunes daily changes of odor-evoked neural activity. Commun Biol 2023; 6:332. [PMID: 36973364 PMCID: PMC10043281 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-04691-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The daily activity in the brain is typically fine-tuned by the circadian clock in the local neurons as well as by the master circadian clock in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus. In the olfactory response, odor-evoked activity in the piriform cortex (PC) and olfactory behavior retain circadian rhythmicity in the absence of the SCN, yet how the circadian rhythm in the PC is achieved independently of the SCN remains elusive. Here, to define neurons regulating the circadian rhythm of the odor-evoked activity in the PC, we knocked out the clock gene Bmal1 in a host of specific neurons along the olfactory circuit. We discovered that Bmal1 knockout in the PC largely abolishes the circadian rhythm of the odor-evoked activity. We further showed that isolated PC exhibits sustained circadian rhythms of the clock gene Per2 expression. Quantitative PCR analysis revealed that expression patterns of multiple genes involved in neural activity and synaptic transmission exhibit circadian rhythm in the PC in a BMAL1-dependent manner. Our findings indicate that BMAL1 acts intrinsically in the PC to control the circadian rhythm of the odor-evoked activity in the PC, possibly through regulating expression patterns of multiple genes involved in neural activity and transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunsuke Takeuchi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Kimiko Shimizu
- Department of Pathological Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
- Laboratory of Animal Resources, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Fukada
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
- Laboratory of Animal Resources, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Kazuo Emoto
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.
- International Research Center for Neurointelligence (WPI-IRCN), The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.
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21
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Wu J, Bu D, Wang H, Shen D, Chong D, Zhang T, Tao W, Zhao M, Zhao Y, Fang L, Li P, Xue B, Li CJ. The rhythmic coupling of Egr-1 and Cidea regulates age-related metabolic dysfunction in the liver of male mice. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1634. [PMID: 36964140 PMCID: PMC10038990 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36775-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The liver lipid metabolism of older individuals canbecome impaired and the circadian rhythm of genes involved in lipid metabolism is also disturbed. Although the link between metabolism and circadian rhythms is already recognized, how these processes are decoupled in liver during aging is still largely unknown. Here, we show that the circadian rhythm for the transcription factor Egr-1 expression is shifted forward with age in male mice. Egr-1 deletion accelerates liver age-related metabolic dysfunction, which associates with increased triglyceride accumulation, disruption of the opposite rhythmic coupling of Egr-1 and Cidea (Cell Death Inducing DFFA Like Effector A) at the transcriptional level and large lipid droplet formation. Importantly, adjustment of the central clock with light via a 4-hour forward shift in 6-month-old mice, leads to recovery the rhythm shift of Egr-1 during aging and largely ameliorated liver metabolic dysfunction. All our collected data suggest that liver Egr-1 might integrate the central and peripheral rhythms and regulate metabolic homeostasis in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center of the Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, Jiangsu Province, China
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and China International Joint Research Center on Environment and Human Health, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
- Core Laboratory, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dandan Bu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center of the Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Haiquan Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center of the Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Di Shen
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center of the Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Danyang Chong
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center of the Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Tongyu Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center of the Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Weiwei Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and China International Joint Research Center on Environment and Human Health, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Mengfei Zhao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center of the Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center of the Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Lei Fang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center of the Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Peng Li
- Institute of Metabolism & Integrative Biology (IMIB), Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China.
| | - Bin Xue
- Core Laboratory, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Chao-Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and China International Joint Research Center on Environment and Human Health, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.
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22
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Yang YD, Zeng Y, Li J, Zhou JH, He QY, Zheng CJ, Reichetzeder C, Krämer BK, Hocher B. Association of BMAL1 clock gene polymorphisms with fasting glucose in children. Pediatr Res 2023:10.1038/s41390-023-02467-8. [PMID: 36732647 PMCID: PMC10382306 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-023-02467-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The brain and muscle Arnt-like protein-1 (BMAL1) gene is an important circadian clock gene and previous studies have found that certain polymorphisms are associated with type 2 diabetes in adults. However, it remains unknown if such polymorphisms can affect fasting glucose in children and if other factors modify the associations. METHODS A school-based cross-sectional study with 947 Chinese children was conducted. A multivariable linear regression model was used to analyze the association between BMAL1 gene polymorphisms and fasting glucose level. RESULTS After adjusting for age, sex, body mass index (BMI), physical activity, and unhealthy diet, GG genotype carriers of BMAL1 rs3789327 had higher fasting glucose than AA/GA genotype carriers (b = 0.101, SE = 0.050, P = 0.045). Adjusting for the same confounders, rs3816358 was shown to be significantly associated with fasting glucose (b = 0.060, SE = 0.028, P = 0.032). Furthermore, a significant interaction between rs3789327 and nutritional status on fasting glucose was identified (Pinteraction = 0.009); rs3789327 was associated with fasting glucose in the overweight/obese subgroup (b = 0.353, SE = 0.126, P = 0.006), but not in non-overweight/non-obese children. CONCLUSIONS BMAL1 polymorphisms were significantly associated with the fasting glucose level in children. Additionally, the observed interaction between nutritional status and BMAL1 supports promoting an optimal BMI in children genetically predisposed to higher glucose level. IMPACT Polymorphisms in the essential circadian clock gene BMAL1 were associated with fasting blood glucose levels in children. Additionally, there was a significant interaction between nutritional status and BMAL1 affecting fasting glucose levels. BMAL1 rs3789327 was associated with fasting glucose only in overweight/obese children. This finding could bring novel insights into mechanisms by which nutritional status influences fasting glucose in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-De Yang
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, 410006, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology of Hunan Province, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, 410081, Changsha, China
| | - Yuan Zeng
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, 410006, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology of Hunan Province, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, 410081, Changsha, China
| | - Jian Li
- Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, 410013, Changsha, China
| | - Jun-Hua Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology of Hunan Province, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, 410081, Changsha, China
| | - Quan-Yuan He
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology of Hunan Province, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, 410081, Changsha, China
| | - Chan-Juan Zheng
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, 410006, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology of Hunan Province, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, 410081, Changsha, China
| | - Christoph Reichetzeder
- Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany.,HMU - Health and Medical University, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Bernhard K Krämer
- Fifth Department of Medicine (Nephrology/Endocrinology/Rheumatology), University Medical Centre Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Berthold Hocher
- Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, 410013, Changsha, China. .,Fifth Department of Medicine (Nephrology/Endocrinology/Rheumatology), University Medical Centre Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany. .,Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of CITIC-Xiangya, Changsha, China. .,Institute of Medical Diagnostics, IMD Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
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23
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Martín-Reyes F, Ho-Plagaro A, Rodríguez-Díaz C, Lopez-Gómez C, Garcia-Serrano S, de Los Reyes DR, Gonzalo M, Fernández-Garcia JC, Montiel-Casado C, Fernández-Aguilar JL, Fernández JR, García-Fuentes E, Rodríguez-Pacheco F. Oleic acid regulates the circadian rhythm of adipose tissue in obesity. Pharmacol Res 2023; 187:106579. [PMID: 36435269 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The effect of oleic acid (OA) on the regulation of the circadian rhythm present in human visceral (VAT) and subcutaneous (SAT) adipose tissue from patients with morbid obesity has not been analyzed yet. VAT and SAT explants from patients with morbid obesity were incubated with OA to analyze the circadian regulation of clock and other genes related to lipid metabolism (SREBP-1c, FAS, LPL and CPT1), and their association with baseline variables and the improvement of these patients after bariatric surgery. There were significant differences in amplitude and acrophase in VAT with respect to SAT. In VAT, body weight negatively correlated with BMAL1 and CRY1 amplitude, and REVERBα acrophase; body mass index (BMI) negatively correlated with REVERBα acrophase; and waist circumference negatively correlated with PER3 acrophase. In SAT, BMI negatively correlated with CLOCK amplitude, and CLOCK, REVERBα and CRY2 MESOR; and waist circumference negatively correlated with PER3 amplitude and acrophase. A greater short-term improvement of body weight, BMI and waist circumference in patients with morbid obesity after bariatric surgery was associated with a lower CRY1 and CRY2 amplitude and an earlier PER1 and PER3 acrophase in SAT. OA produced a more relevant circadian rhythm and increased the amplitude of most clock genes and lipid metabolism-related genes. OA regulated the acrophase of most clock genes in VAT and SAT, placing CLOCK/BMAL1 in antiphase with regard to the other genes. OA increased the circadian rhythmicity, although with slight differences between adipose tissues. These differences could determine its different behavior in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flores Martín-Reyes
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, Málaga, Spain; Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, Spain
| | - Ailec Ho-Plagaro
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, Málaga, Spain; Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, Spain
| | - Cristina Rodríguez-Díaz
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, Málaga, Spain; Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, Spain
| | - Carlos Lopez-Gómez
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, Málaga, Spain; Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, Spain
| | - Sara Garcia-Serrano
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, Málaga, Spain; Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Regional Universitario, Málaga, Spain; CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas-CIBERDEM, Málaga, Spain
| | - Dámaris Rodriguez de Los Reyes
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, Málaga, Spain; Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, Spain
| | - Montserrat Gonzalo
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, Málaga, Spain; Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Regional Universitario, Málaga, Spain
| | - Jose C Fernández-Garcia
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, Málaga, Spain; Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Regional Universitario, Málaga, Spain
| | - Custodia Montiel-Casado
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Cirugía General, Digestiva y Trasplantes, Hospital Regional Universitario, Málaga, Spain
| | - Jose L Fernández-Aguilar
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Cirugía General, Digestiva y Trasplantes, Hospital Regional Universitario, Málaga, Spain
| | - José R Fernández
- Bioengeneering & Chronobiology Labs, atlanTTic Research Center, University of Vigo, Spain
| | - Eduardo García-Fuentes
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, Málaga, Spain; Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas-CIBEREHD, Málaga, Spain.
| | - Francisca Rodríguez-Pacheco
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, Málaga, Spain; Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, Spain; CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas-CIBERDEM, Málaga, Spain
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24
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Guan Q, Li Y, Wang Z, Cao J, Dong Y, Ren F, Chen Y. Monochromatic Light Pollution Exacerbates High-Fat Diet-Induced Adipocytic Hypertrophy in Mice. Cells 2022; 11:cells11233808. [PMID: 36497068 PMCID: PMC9737108 DOI: 10.3390/cells11233808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Light pollution worldwide promotes the progression of obesity, which is widely considered a consequence of circadian rhythm disruptions. However, the role of environmental light wavelength in mammalian obesity is not fully understood. Herein, mice fed a normal chow diet (NCD) or a high-fat diet (HFD) were exposed to daytime white (WL), blue (BL), green (GL), and red light (RL) for 8 weeks. Compared with WL and RL, BL significantly increased weight gain and white adipose tissue (WAT) weight, and it disrupted glucose homeostasis in mice fed with HFD but not NCD. The analysis of WAT found that BL significantly aggravated HFD-induced WAT hypertrophy, with a decrease in IL-10 and an increase in NLRP3, p-P65, p-IκB, TLR4, Cd36, Chrebp, Srebp-1c, Fasn, and Cpt1β relative to WL or RL. More interestingly, BL upregulated the expression of circadian clocks in the WAT, including Clock, Bmal1, Per1, Cry1, Cry2, Rorα, Rev-erbα, and Rev-erbβ compared with WL or RL. However, most of the changes had no statistical difference between BL and GL. Mechanistically, BL significantly increased plasma corticosterone (CORT) levels and glucocorticoid receptors in the WAT, which may account for the changes in circadian clocks. Further, in vitro study confirmed that CORT treatment did promote the expression of circadian clocks in 3T3-L1 cells, accompanied by an increase in Chrebp, Cd36, Hsp90, P23, NLRP3, and p-P65. Thus, daily BL, rather than RL exposure-induced CORT elevation, may drive changes in the WAT circadian clocks, ultimately exacerbating lipid dysmetabolism and adipocytic hypertrophy in the HFD-fed mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyun Guan
- Neurobiology Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Haidian, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yixuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education, Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zixu Wang
- Neurobiology Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Haidian, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jing Cao
- Neurobiology Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Haidian, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yulan Dong
- Neurobiology Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Haidian, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Fazheng Ren
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education, Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yaoxing Chen
- Neurobiology Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Haidian, Beijing 100193, China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education, Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-10-62733778; Fax: +86-10-62733199
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25
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Phung HH, Lee CH. Mouse models of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and their application to new drug development. Arch Pharm Res 2022; 45:761-794. [DOI: 10.1007/s12272-022-01410-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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26
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Molina-Giraldo P, Murillo S, Meis L, Sans O, Amat-Bou M, Llobet M, Jimenez-Chillaron JC, Ramon-Krauel M, Lerin C. A time-restricted feeding intervention in children and adolescents with obesity: The TRansForm study protocol. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1026694. [DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1026694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity during childhood is of special concern as adiposity is typically tracked into adult life and it constitutes a major risk factor for future obesity and associated metabolic disorders. Recent studies indicate that time-restricted feeding (TRF) interventions may provide a promising strategy for obesity treatment. However, TRF interventions have only been tested in adult subjects. This study aims to determine both short- and long-term effects of a TRF intervention in children and adolescents with obesity. We will also investigate potential mechanisms mediating the response to the intervention, including the circadian rhythm and the gut microbiota composition. We have designed a randomized-controlled parallel-group clinical study in which children and adolescents (age range 8–18 year-old) with obesity will be subjected to time-restricted eating or no time restrictions for 2 months. Follow-up visits will allow for long-term effect assessments. We will measure anthropometric (BMI, body composition) and metabolic parameters (glucose and lipid metabolism), indicators of the circadian rhythm, and gut microbiota composition will be analyzed. This study will (1) determine safety and effectiveness of the TRF intervention in children and adolescents; (2) assess its long-term effects; and (3) evaluate potential mechanisms involved in the response to the intervention.Clinical trial registration[www.ClinicalTrials.gov], identifier [NCT05174871].
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27
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Bmal1 Regulates Prostate Growth via Cell-Cycle Modulation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911272. [PMID: 36232573 PMCID: PMC9569634 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The circadian clock system exists in most organs and regulates diverse physiological processes, including growth. Here, we used a prostate-specific Bmal1-knockout mouse model (pBmal1 KO: PbsnCre+; Bmal1fx/fx) and immortalized human prostate cells (RWPE-1 and WPMY-1) to elucidate the role of the peripheral prostate clock on prostate growth. Bmal1 KO resulted in significantly decreased ventral and dorsolateral lobes with less Ki-67-positive epithelial cells than the controls. Next, the cap analysis of gene expression revealed that genes associated with cell cycles were differentially expressed in the pBmal1 KO prostate. Cdkn1a (coding p21) was diurnally expressed in the control mouse prostate, a rhythm which was disturbed in pBmal1 KO. Meanwhile, the knockdown of BMAL1 in epithelial RWPE-1 and stromal WPMY-1 cell lines decreased proliferation. Furthermore, RWPE-1 BMAL1 knockdown increased G0/G1-phase cell numbers but reduced S-phase numbers. These findings indicate that core clock gene Bmal1 is involved in prostate growth via the modulation of the cell cycle and provide a rationale for further research to link the pathogenesis of benign prostatic hyperplasia or cancer with the circadian clock.
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28
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Onuma S, Kinoshita S, Shimba S, Ozono K, Michigami T, Kawai M. The Lack of Bmal1, a Core Clock Gene, in the Intestine Decreases Glucose Absorption in Mice. Endocrinology 2022; 163:6651710. [PMID: 35904419 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqac119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The circadian clock network is an evolutionarily conserved system that regulates systemic metabolism, such as glucose homeostasis. Intestinal tissue is a pivotal organ for the regulation of glucose metabolism, mainly via glucose absorption into the circulation; however, the significance of the intestinal circadian clock network for glucose metabolism remains largely unclear. We herein utilized a mouse model in which Bmal1, a core clock gene, was deleted in an intestine-specific manner (Bmal1Int-/- mice) and demonstrated a rhythmic expression of Sglt1 with its peak at zeitgeber time (ZT) 10.7 ± 2.8 in control mice, whereas this was lost in Bmal1Int-/- mice. Mechanistically, chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis revealed rhythmic binding of CLOCK to the E-box elements in the Sglt1 gene in control mice; however, this was absent in Bmal1Int-/- mice. Accordingly, SGLT1 protein levels were decreased during the dark phase in Bmal1Int-/- mice and this was associated with impaired glucose absorption, leading to a decline in hepatic glycogen levels at ZT4, which was restored by ingestion of high-sucrose water. Additionally, when mice were starved from ZT0, greater expression of the lipolysis-related gene Pnpla2 was observed in adipose tissue of Bmal1Int-/- mice, and this was not noted when glycogen storage was restored by high-sucrose water prior to fasting, suggesting that higher Pnpla2 expression in Bmal1Int-/- mice was likely caused by lower glycogen storage. These results indicate that disruption of the intestinal circadian clock system impairs glucose absorption in the intestine and affects systemic glucose homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinsuke Onuma
- Department of Bone and Mineral Research, Research Institute, Osaka Women's and Children's Hospital, Izumi, Osaka 594-1101, Japan
- Department of Pediatrics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Saori Kinoshita
- Department of Bone and Mineral Research, Research Institute, Osaka Women's and Children's Hospital, Izumi, Osaka 594-1101, Japan
| | - Shigeki Shimba
- Department of Health Science, School of Pharmacy, Nihon University, Funabashi, Chiba 274-8555, Japan
| | - Keiichi Ozono
- Department of Pediatrics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Toshimi Michigami
- Department of Bone and Mineral Research, Research Institute, Osaka Women's and Children's Hospital, Izumi, Osaka 594-1101, Japan
| | - Masanobu Kawai
- Department of Bone and Mineral Research, Research Institute, Osaka Women's and Children's Hospital, Izumi, Osaka 594-1101, Japan
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29
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Batra T, Buniyaadi A, Kumar V. Daytime restriction of feeding prevents illuminated night-induced impairment of metabolism and sleep in diurnal zebra finches. Physiol Behav 2022; 253:113866. [PMID: 35659511 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2022.113866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We investigated whether nocturnal eating was causal to the impairment of metabolism and sleep disruption in diurnal animals exposed to illuminated nights. Adult zebra finches hatched and raised in 12 h light: 12 h darkness (LD) were exposed to 5-lux dim light at night (dLAN, two groups), with a control group maintained on LD. For the next 3 weeks, the food availability to one of the dLAN groups was restricted to the 12 h light period (dLAN -F); the other dLAN (dLAN +F) and LD groups were continued on ad lib feeding. In spite of similar food intakes, dLAN +F condition led to the fat accumulation and weight gain. These birds showed concurrent changes in hepatic expression of genes associated with carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, suggesting an enhanced gluconeogenesis and impaired fatty acids synthesis. Increased sirt1 mRNA levels indicated the activation of molecular mechanisms to counter-balance the metabolic damage under dLAN +F. Furthermore, reduced bout length and total duration of the nocturnal sleep suggested a poorer sleep in dLAN +F condition. Negative sleep effects of dLAN were supported by the lower hypothalamic expression of sleep promoting sik3 and camkii genes, and higher mRNA expression of awake promoting achm3 gene in dLAN +F, compared to the LD condition. Importantly, dLAN-induced negative effects in metabolism and sleep were alleviated in the dLAN -F group. These results suggest the role of timed feeding in alleviating the negative impact of illuminated nights in metabolism and sleep in diurnal zebra finches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Twinkle Batra
- Indo US Center in Chronobiology, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110 007, India
| | - Amaan Buniyaadi
- Indo US Center in Chronobiology, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110 007, India
| | - Vinod Kumar
- Indo US Center in Chronobiology, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110 007, India.
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30
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Taleb Z, Karpowicz P. Circadian regulation of digestive and metabolic tissues. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2022; 323:C306-C321. [PMID: 35675638 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00166.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The circadian clock is a self-sustained molecular timekeeper that drives 24-h (circadian) rhythms in animals. The clock governs important aspects of behavior and physiology including wake/sleep activity cycles that regulate the activity of metabolic and digestive systems. Light/dark cycles (photoperiod) and cycles in the time of feeding synchronize the circadian clock to the surrounding environment, providing an anticipatory benefit that promotes digestive health. The availability of animal models targeting the genetic components of the circadian clock has made it possible to investigate the circadian clock's role in cellular functions. Circadian clock genes have been shown to regulate the physiological function of hepatocytes, gastrointestinal cells, and adipocytes; disruption of the circadian clock leads to the exacerbation of liver diseases and liver cancer, inflammatory bowel disease and colorectal cancer, and obesity. Previous findings provide strong evidence that the circadian clock plays an integral role in digestive/metabolic disease pathogenesis, hence, the circadian clock is a necessary component in metabolic and digestive health and homeostasis. Circadian rhythms and circadian clock function provide an opportunity to improve the prevention and treatment of digestive and metabolic diseases by aligning digestive system tissue with the 24-h day.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zainab Taleb
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada
| | - Phillip Karpowicz
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada
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Mekbib T, Suen TC, Rollins-Hairston A, Smith K, Armstrong A, Gray C, Owino S, Baba K, Baggs JE, Ehlen JC, Tosini G, DeBruyne JP. "The ubiquitin ligase SIAH2 is a female-specific regulator of circadian rhythms and metabolism". PLoS Genet 2022; 18:e1010305. [PMID: 35789210 PMCID: PMC9286287 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Circadian clocks enable organisms to predict and align their behaviors and physiologies to constant daily day-night environmental cycle. Because the ubiquitin ligase Siah2 has been identified as a potential regulator of circadian clock function in cultured cells, we have used SIAH2-deficient mice to examine its function in vivo. Our experiments demonstrate a striking and unexpected sexually dimorphic effect of SIAH2-deficiency on the regulation of rhythmically expressed genes in the liver. The absence of SIAH2 in females, but not in males, altered the expression of core circadian clock genes and drastically remodeled the rhythmic transcriptome in the liver by increasing the number of day-time expressed genes, and flipping the rhythmic expression from nighttime expressed genes to the daytime. These effects are not readily explained by effects on known sexually dimorphic pathways in females. Moreover, loss of SIAH2 in females, not males, preferentially altered the expression of transcription factors and genes involved in regulating lipid and lipoprotein metabolism. Consequently, SIAH2-deficient females, but not males, displayed disrupted daily lipid and lipoprotein patterns, increased adiposity and impaired metabolic homeostasis. Overall, these data suggest that SIAH2 may be a key component of a female-specific circadian transcriptional output circuit that directs the circadian timing of gene expression to regulate physiological rhythms, at least in the liver. In turn, our findings imply that sex-specific transcriptional mechanisms may closely interact with the circadian clock to tailor overt rhythms for sex-specific needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsedey Mekbib
- Neuroscience Institute, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Ting-Chung Suen
- Neuroscience Institute, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Aisha Rollins-Hairston
- Neuroscience Institute, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Kiandra Smith
- Neuroscience Institute, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Ariel Armstrong
- Neuroscience Institute, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Cloe Gray
- Neuroscience Institute, Department of Neurobiology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Sharon Owino
- Neuroscience Institute, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Kenkichi Baba
- Neuroscience Institute, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Julie E. Baggs
- Neuroscience Institute, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - J. Christopher Ehlen
- Neuroscience Institute, Department of Neurobiology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Gianluca Tosini
- Neuroscience Institute, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Jason P. DeBruyne
- Neuroscience Institute, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
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The role of protein kinases as key drivers of metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease progression: New insights and future directions. Life Sci 2022; 305:120732. [PMID: 35760093 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), proposed in 2020 is a novel term for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) which was coined for the first time in 1980. It is a leading cause of the most chronic liver disease and hepatic failure all over the world, and unfortunately, with no licensed drugs for treatment yet. The progress of the disease is driven by the triggered inflammatory process, oxidative stress, and insulin resistance in many pathways, starting with simple hepatic steatosis to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, fibrosis, cirrhosis, and liver cancer. Protein kinases (PKs), such as MAPK, ErbB, PKC, PI3K/Akt, and mTOR, govern most of the pathological pathways by acting on various downstream key points in MAFLD and regulating both hepatic gluco- lipo-neogenesis and inflammation. Therefore, modulating the function of those potential protein kinases that are effectively involved in MAFLD might be a promising therapeutic approach for tackling this disease. In the current review, we have discussed the key role of protein kinases in the pathogenesis of MAFLD and performed a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network among the main proteins of each kinase pathway with MAFLD-related proteins to predict the most likely targets of the PKs in MAFLD. Moreover, we have reported the experimental, pre-clinical, and clinical data for the most recent investigated molecules that are activating p38-MAPK and AMPK proteins and inhibiting the other PKs to improve MAFLD condition by regulating oxidation and inflammation signalling.
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Evening chronotype is associated with severe NAFLD in obesity. Int J Obes (Lond) 2022; 46:1638-1643. [PMID: 35676442 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-022-01159-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Chronotype, i.e., the individual attitude to carry out the daily activities at a certain time of the day, has been reported to play a role in metabolic diseases. Thus, the aim of our study was to investigate the association of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) with chronotype categories in individuals with obesity. SUBJECTS/METHODS In this cross-sectional study, participants underwent to anthropometric, biochemical, and the Visceral Adiposity Index (VAI) assessment. Chronotype categories were assessed by the Horne-Ostberg Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ). The following indirect indices of NAFLD were calculated: Liver Fat Equation (LFE), Hepatic Steatosis Index (HSI) and Index of Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (ION). RESULTS The study population consisted of 87 participants (40.3 ± 12.3 years; BMI 45.6 ± 6.3 kg/m2; 64F/23M). According to the chronotype score, 31.0% were morning (MC), 36.8% were intermediate (IC), and 32.2% evening chronotype (EC). Individuals with IC were significantly younger than those with MC and EC (p = 0.002 and p = 0.047, respectively). EC presented significantly higher BMI (p < 0.001), waist circumference (p = 0.007), and hip circumference (p = 0.001) than MC. Moreover, EC had higher BMI (p < 0.001) and waist circumference (p = 0.011) than IC. All participants presented NAFLD (HSI ≥ 36 and LFE ≥ 5). Nevertheless, only individuals with EC were above the threshold of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis evaluated as ION index (ION ≥ 50). Individuals with EC presented significantly higher VAI (p = 0.036), LFE (p = 0.034), HSI (p < 0.001) and ION (p = 0.014) than MC, also after the adjustment for age, gender, and BMI. CONCLUSION EC is associated with more severe NAFLD independently of age, gender, and BMI than MC and IC in individuals with obesity.
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Zhang W, Xiong Y, Tao R, Panayi AC, Mi B, Liu G. Emerging Insight Into the Role of Circadian Clock Gene BMAL1 in Cellular Senescence. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:915139. [PMID: 35733785 PMCID: PMC9207346 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.915139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell senescence is a crucial process in cell fate determination and is involved in an extensive array of aging-associated diseases. General perceptions and experimental evidence point out that the decline of physical function as well as aging-associated diseases are often initiated by cell senescence and organ ageing. Therefore, regulation of cell senescence process can be a promising way to handle aging-associated diseases such as osteoporosis. The circadian clock regulates a wide range of cellular and physiological activities, and many age-linked degenerative disorders are associated with the dysregulation of clock genes. BMAL1 is a core circadian transcription factor and governs downstream genes by binding to the E-box elements in their promoters. Compelling evidence has proposed the role of BMAL1 in cellular senescence and aging-associated diseases. In this review, we summarize the linkage between BMAL1 and factors of cell senescence including oxidative stress, metabolism, and the genotoxic stress response. Dysregulated and dampened BMAL1 may serve as a potential therapeutic target against aging- associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqian Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuan Xiong
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
| | - Ranyang Tao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
| | - Adriana C. Panayi
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Bobin Mi
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
| | - Guohui Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
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35
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Sato T, Sassone-Corsi P. Nutrition, metabolism, and epigenetics: pathways of circadian reprogramming. EMBO Rep 2022; 23:e52412. [PMID: 35412705 PMCID: PMC9066069 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202152412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Food intake profoundly affects systemic physiology. A large body of evidence has indicated a link between food intake and circadian rhythms, and ~24-h cycles are deemed essential for adapting internal homeostasis to the external environment. Circadian rhythms are controlled by the biological clock, a molecular system remarkably conserved throughout evolution. The circadian clock controls the cyclic expression of numerous genes, a regulatory program common to all mammalian cells, which may lead to various metabolic and physiological disturbances if hindered. Although the circadian clock regulates multiple metabolic pathways, metabolic states also provide feedback on the molecular clock. Therefore, a remarkable feature is reprogramming by nutritional challenges, such as a high-fat diet, fasting, ketogenic diet, and caloric restriction. In addition, various factors such as energy balance, histone modifications, and nuclear receptor activity are involved in the remodeling of the clock. Herein, we review the interaction of dietary components with the circadian system and illustrate the relationships linking the molecular clock to metabolism and critical roles in the remodeling process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoki Sato
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism, School of Medicine, INSERM U1233, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Paolo Sassone-Corsi
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism, School of Medicine, INSERM U1233, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
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36
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Apple polyphenol extract targets circadian rhythms to improve liver biological clock and lipid homeostasis in C57BL/6 male mice with mistimed high-fat diet feeding. J Funct Foods 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.105051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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37
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Vaca-Dempere M, Kumar A, Sica V, Muñoz-Cánoves P. Running skeletal muscle clocks on time- the determining factors. Exp Cell Res 2022; 413:112989. [PMID: 35081395 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2021.112989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Circadian rhythms generate 24 h-long oscillations, which are key regulators of many aspects of behavior and physiology. Recent circadian transcriptome studies have discovered rhythmicity at the transcriptional level of hundreds of skeletal muscle genes, with roles in skeletal muscle growth, maintenance, and metabolic functions. These rhythms allow this tissue to perform molecular functions at the appropriate time of the day in order to anticipate environmental changes. However, while the last decade of research has characterized several aspects of the skeletal muscle molecular clock, many still are unexplored, including its functions, regulatory mechanisms, and interactions with other tissues. The central clock is believed to be located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the brain hypothalamus, providing entrainment to peripheral organs through humoral and neuronal signals. However, these mechanisms of action are still unknown. Conversely, muscle tissue can be entrained through extrinsic, SCN-independent factors, such as feeding and physical activity. In this review, we provide an overview of the recent research about the extrinsic and intrinsic factors required for skeletal muscle clock regulation. Furthermore, we discuss the need for future studies to elucidate the mechanisms behind this regulation, which will in turn help dissect the role of circadian disruption at the onset of aging and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mireia Vaca-Dempere
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University (UPF), CIBER on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Arun Kumar
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University (UPF), CIBER on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Valentina Sica
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University (UPF), CIBER on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pura Muñoz-Cánoves
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University (UPF), CIBER on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), 08003, Barcelona, Spain; ICREA, 08010, Barcelona, Spain; Spanish National Center on Cardiovascular Research (CNIC), 28029, Madrid, Spain.
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38
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Jouffe C, Weger BD, Martin E, Atger F, Weger M, Gobet C, Ramnath D, Charpagne A, Morin-Rivron D, Powell EE, Sweet MJ, Masoodi M, Uhlenhaut NH, Gachon F. Disruption of the circadian clock component BMAL1 elicits an endocrine adaption impacting on insulin sensitivity and liver disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2200083119. [PMID: 35238641 PMCID: PMC8916004 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2200083119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
SignificanceWhile increasing evidence associates the disruption of circadian rhythms with pathologic conditions, including obesity, type 2 diabetes, and nonalcoholic fatty liver diseases (NAFLD), the involved mechanisms are still poorly described. Here, we show that, in both humans and mice, the pathogenesis of NAFLD is associated with the disruption of the circadian clock combined with perturbations of the growth hormone and sex hormone pathways. However, while this condition protects mice from the development of fibrosis and insulin resistance, it correlates with increased fibrosis in humans. This suggests that the perturbation of the circadian clock and its associated disruption of the growth hormone and sex hormone pathways are critical for the pathogenesis of metabolic and liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Jouffe
- Nestlé Research, Société des Produits Nestlé, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Lausanne, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, DE-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Benjamin D. Weger
- Nestlé Research, Société des Produits Nestlé, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Eva Martin
- Nestlé Research, Société des Produits Nestlé, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Florian Atger
- Nestlé Research, Société des Produits Nestlé, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Lausanne, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Meltem Weger
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Cédric Gobet
- Nestlé Research, Société des Produits Nestlé, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Divya Ramnath
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Aline Charpagne
- Nestlé Research, Société des Produits Nestlé, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Elizabeth E. Powell
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane QLD 4102, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, Center for Liver Disease Research, Translational Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Matthew J. Sweet
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Mojgan Masoodi
- Nestlé Research, Société des Produits Nestlé, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, Bern University Hospital, Bern 3010, Switzerland
| | - N. Henriette Uhlenhaut
- Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, DE-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Metabolic Programming, Technical University of Munich School of Life Sciences, DE-85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Frédéric Gachon
- Nestlé Research, Société des Produits Nestlé, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia QLD 4072, Australia
- School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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Mehra R, Tjurmina OA, Ajijola OA, Arora R, Bolser DC, Chapleau MW, Chen PS, Clancy CE, Delisle BP, Gold MR, Goldberger JJ, Goldstein DS, Habecker BA, Handoko ML, Harvey R, Hummel JP, Hund T, Meyer C, Redline S, Ripplinger CM, Simon MA, Somers VK, Stavrakis S, Taylor-Clark T, Undem BJ, Verrier RL, Zucker IH, Sopko G, Shivkumar K. Research Opportunities in Autonomic Neural Mechanisms of Cardiopulmonary Regulation: A Report From the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute and the National Institutes of Health Office of the Director Workshop. JACC Basic Transl Sci 2022; 7:265-293. [PMID: 35411324 PMCID: PMC8993767 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacbts.2021.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
This virtual workshop was convened by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, in partnership with the Office of Strategic Coordination of the Office of the National Institutes of Health Director, and held September 2 to 3, 2020. The intent was to assemble a multidisciplinary group of experts in basic, translational, and clinical research in neuroscience and cardiopulmonary disorders to identify knowledge gaps, guide future research efforts, and foster multidisciplinary collaborations pertaining to autonomic neural mechanisms of cardiopulmonary regulation. The group critically evaluated the current state of knowledge of the roles that the autonomic nervous system plays in regulation of cardiopulmonary function in health and in pathophysiology of arrhythmias, heart failure, sleep and circadian dysfunction, and breathing disorders. Opportunities to leverage the Common Fund's SPARC (Stimulating Peripheral Activity to Relieve Conditions) program were characterized as related to nonpharmacologic neuromodulation and device-based therapies. Common themes discussed include knowledge gaps, research priorities, and approaches to develop novel predictive markers of autonomic dysfunction. Approaches to precisely target neural pathophysiological mechanisms to herald new therapies for arrhythmias, heart failure, sleep and circadian rhythm physiology, and breathing disorders were also detailed.
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Key Words
- ACE, angiotensin-converting enzyme
- AD, autonomic dysregulation
- AF, atrial fibrillation
- ANS, autonomic nervous system
- Ach, acetylcholine
- CNS, central nervous system
- COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
- CSA, central sleep apnea
- CVD, cardiovascular disease
- ECG, electrocardiogram
- EV, extracellular vesicle
- GP, ganglionated plexi
- HF, heart failure
- HFpEF, heart failure with preserved ejection fraction
- HFrEF, heart failure with reduced ejection fraction
- HRV, heart rate variability
- LQT, long QT
- MI, myocardial infarction
- NE, norepinephrine
- NHLBI, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute
- NPY, neuropeptide Y
- NREM, non-rapid eye movement
- OSA, obstructive sleep apnea
- PAH, pulmonary arterial hypertension
- PV, pulmonary vein
- REM, rapid eye movement
- RV, right ventricular
- SCD, sudden cardiac death
- SDB, sleep disordered breathing
- SNA, sympathetic nerve activity
- SNSA, sympathetic nervous system activity
- TLD, targeted lung denervation
- asthma
- atrial fibrillation
- autonomic nervous system
- cardiopulmonary
- chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
- circadian
- heart failure
- pulmonary arterial hypertension
- sleep apnea
- ventricular arrhythmia
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Affiliation(s)
- Reena Mehra
- Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Olga A. Tjurmina
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Rishi Arora
- Feinberg School of Medicine at Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | - Mark W. Chapleau
- University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | | | | | | | - Michael R. Gold
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | | | - David S. Goldstein
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Beth A. Habecker
- Oregon Health and Science University School of Medicine, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - M. Louis Handoko
- Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - James P. Hummel
- Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Marc A. Simon
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | | | - Stavros Stavrakis
- University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | | | | | - Richard L. Verrier
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - George Sopko
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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40
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Minami Y, Yuan Y, Ueda HR. High-throughput Genetically Modified Animal Experiments Achieved by Next-generation Mammalian Genetics. J Biol Rhythms 2022; 37:135-151. [PMID: 35137623 DOI: 10.1177/07487304221075002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Animal models are essential tools for modern scientists to conduct biological experiments and investigate their hypotheses in vivo. However, for the past decade, raising the throughput of such animal experiments has been a great challenge. Conventionally, in vivo high-throughput assay was achieved through large-scale mutagen-driven forward genetic screening, which took years to find causal genes. In contrast, reverse genetics accelerated the causal gene identification process, but its throughput was also limited by 2 barriers, that is, the genome modification step and the time-consuming crossing step. Defined as genetics without crossing, next-generation genetics is able to produce gene-modified animals that can be analyzed at the founder generation (F0). This method is or can be accomplished through recent technological advances in gene editing and virus-based efficient gene modifications. Notably, next-generation genetics has accelerated the process of cross-species studies, and it will be a useful technique during animal experiments as it can provide genetic perturbation at an individual level without crossing. In this review, we begin by introducing the history of animal-based high-throughput analysis, with a specific focus on chronobiology. We then describe ways that gene modification efficiency during animal experiments was enhanced and why crossing remained a barrier to reaching higher efficiency. Moreover, we mention the Triple CRISPR as a critical technique for achieving next-generation genetics. Finally, we discuss the potential applications and limitations of next-generation mammalian genetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoichi Minami
- Department of Systems Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yufei Yuan
- Department of Systems Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroki R Ueda
- Department of Systems Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Laboratory for Synthetic Biology, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Suita, Japan
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Chen KY, De Angulo A, Guo X, More A, Ochsner SA, Lopez E, Saul D, Pang W, Sun Y, McKenna NJ, Tong Q. Adipocyte-Specific Ablation of PU.1 Promotes Energy Expenditure and Ameliorates Metabolic Syndrome in Aging Mice. FRONTIERS IN AGING 2022; 2:803482. [PMID: 35822007 PMCID: PMC9261351 DOI: 10.3389/fragi.2021.803482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Objective: Although PU.1/Spi1 is known as a master regulator for macrophage development and function, we have reported previously that it is also expressed in adipocytes and is transcriptionally induced in obesity. Here, we investigated the role of adipocyte PU.1 in the development of the age-associated metabolic syndrome. Methods: We generated mice with adipocyte-specific PU.1 knockout, assessed metabolic changes in young and older adult PU.1fl/fl (control) and AdipoqCre PU.1fl/fl (aPU.1KO) mice, including body weight, body composition, energy expenditure, and glucose homeostasis. We also performed transcriptional analyses using RNA-Sequencing of adipocytes from these mice. Results: aPU.1KO mice have elevated energy expenditure at a young age and decreased adiposity and increased insulin sensitivity in later life. Corroborating these observations, transcriptional network analysis indicated the existence of validated, adipocyte PU.1-modulated regulatory hubs that direct inflammatory and thermogenic gene expression programs. Conclusion: Our data provide evidence for a previously uncharacterized role of PU.1 in the development of age-associated obesity and insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Yun Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, USDA/ARS Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Alejandra De Angulo
- Department of Pediatrics, USDA/ARS Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Xin Guo
- Department of Pediatrics, USDA/ARS Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Aditya More
- Department of Pediatrics, USDA/ARS Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Scott A. Ochsner
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Eduardo Lopez
- Department of Pediatrics, USDA/ARS Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - David Saul
- Department of Pediatrics, USDA/ARS Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Weijun Pang
- Department of Pediatrics, USDA/ARS Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- Northwestern University of Agriculture and Forestry, Yangling, China
| | - Yuxiang Sun
- Department of Pediatrics, USDA/ARS Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Neil J. McKenna
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- *Correspondence: Neil J. McKenna, ; Qiang Tong,
| | - Qiang Tong
- Department of Pediatrics, USDA/ARS Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Huffington Center on Aging, Houston, TX, United States
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Huffington Center on Aging, Houston, TX, United States
- *Correspondence: Neil J. McKenna, ; Qiang Tong,
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42
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Sasaki L, Hamada Y, Yarimizu D, Suzuki T, Nakamura H, Shimada A, Pham KTN, Shao X, Yamamura K, Inatomi T, Morinaga H, Nishimura EK, Kudo F, Manabe I, Haraguchi S, Sugiura Y, Suematsu M, Kinoshita S, Machida M, Nakajima T, Kiyonari H, Okamura H, Yamaguchi Y, Miyake T, Doi M. Intracrine activity involving NAD-dependent circadian steroidogenic activity governs age-associated meibomian gland dysfunction. NATURE AGING 2022; 2:105-114. [PMID: 37117756 PMCID: PMC10154200 DOI: 10.1038/s43587-021-00167-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
Canonically, hormones are produced in the endocrine organs and delivered to target tissues. However, for steroids, the concept of tissue intracrinology, whereby hormones are produced in the tissues where they exert their effect without release into circulation, has been proposed, but its role in physiology/disease remains unclear. The meibomian glands in the eyelids produce oil to prevent tear evaporation, which reduces with aging. Here, we demonstrate that (re)activation of local intracrine activity through nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)-dependent circadian 3β-hydroxyl-steroid dehydrogenase (3β-HSD) activity ameliorates age-associated meibomian gland dysfunction and accompanying evaporative dry eye disease. Genetic ablation of 3β-HSD nullified local steroidogenesis and led to atrophy of the meibomian gland. Conversely, reactivation of 3β-HSD activity by boosting its coenzyme NAD+ availability improved glandular cell proliferation and alleviated the dry eye disease phenotype. Both women and men express 3β-HSD in the meibomian gland. Enhancing local steroidogenesis may help combat age-associated meibomian gland dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Sasaki
- Department of Systems Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yuki Hamada
- Department of Systems Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Daisuke Yarimizu
- Department of Systems Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tomo Suzuki
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kyoto City Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroki Nakamura
- Department of Systems Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Aya Shimada
- Department of Systems Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Khanh Tien Nguyen Pham
- Department of Systems Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Xinyan Shao
- Department of Systems Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Koki Yamamura
- Department of Systems Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Inatomi
- Department of Ophthalmology, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hironobu Morinaga
- Dpartment of Stem Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Emi K Nishimura
- Dpartment of Stem Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fujimi Kudo
- Department of Disease Biology and Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Ichiro Manabe
- Department of Disease Biology and Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Shogo Haraguchi
- Department of Biochemistry, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuki Sugiura
- Department of Biochemistry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makoto Suematsu
- Department of Biochemistry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigeru Kinoshita
- Department of Frontier Medical Science and Technology for Ophthalmology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Mamiko Machida
- Senju Laboratory of Ocular Sciences, Senju Pharmaceutical Co., Kobe, Japan
| | - Takeshi Nakajima
- Senju Laboratory of Ocular Sciences, Senju Pharmaceutical Co., Kobe, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kiyonari
- Laboratory for Animal Resources and Genetic Engineering, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Okamura
- Department of Systems Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
- Division of Physiology and Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
| | - Yoshiaki Yamaguchi
- Department of Systems Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takahito Miyake
- Department of Systems Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masao Doi
- Department of Systems Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
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43
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Kumar V, Sharma A, Tripathi V. Physiological effects of food availability times in higher vertebrates. J Exp Biol 2022; 225:274142. [PMID: 35089336 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.239004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Food availability is a crucial ecological determinant of population size and community structure, and controls various life-history traits in most, if not all, species. Food availability is not constant; there are daily and seasonal differences in food abundance. When coupled to appetite (urge to eat), this is expressed as the eating schedule of a species. Food availability times affect daily and seasonal physiology and behaviour of organisms both directly (by affecting metabolic homeostasis) and indirectly (by altering synchronization of endogenous rhythms). Restricted food availability times may, for example, constrain reproductive output by limiting the number or quality of offspring or the number of reproductive attempts, as has been observed for nesting frequency in birds. Consuming food at the wrong time of day reduces the reproductive ability of a seasonal breeder, and can result in quality-quantity trade-offs of offspring. The food availability pattern serves as a conditioning environment, and can shape the activity of the genome by influencing chromatin activation/silencing; however, the functional linkage of food availability times with epigenetic control of physiology is only beginning to emerge. This Review gives insights into how food availability times, affected by changes in eating schedules and/or by alterations in feeding environment or lifestyle, could have hitherto unknown consequences on the physiology and reproductive fitness of seasonally breeding vertebrates and those that reproduce year round.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinod Kumar
- Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Aakansha Sharma
- Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Vatsala Tripathi
- Department of Zoology, Dyal Singh College, University of Delhi, Delhi 110003, India
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44
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Smith HA, Betts JA. Nutrient timing and metabolic regulation symposium review from "Novel dietary approaches to appetite regulation, health and performance (2021)". J Physiol 2022; 600:1299-1312. [PMID: 35038774 PMCID: PMC9305539 DOI: 10.1113/jp280756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Daily (circadian) rhythms coordinate our physiology and behaviour with regular environmental changes. Molecular clocks in peripheral tissues (e.g. liver, skeletal muscle and adipose) give rise to rhythms in macronutrient metabolism, appetite regulation and the components of energy balance such that our bodies can align the periodic delivery of nutrients with ongoing metabolic requirements. The timing of meals both in absolute terms (i.e. relative to clock time) and in relative terms (i.e. relative to other daily events) is therefore relevant to metabolism and health. Experimental manipulation of feeding–fasting cycles can advance understanding of the effect of absolute and relative timing of meals on metabolism and health. Such studies have extended the overnight fast by regular breakfast omission and revealed that morning fasting can alter the metabolic response to subsequent meals later in the day, whilst also eliciting compensatory behavioural responses (i.e. reduced physical activity). Similarly, restricting energy intake via alternate‐day fasting also has the potential to elicit a compensatory reduction in physical activity, and so can undermine weight‐loss efforts (i.e. to preserve body fat stores). Interrupting the usual overnight fast (and therefore also the usual sleep cycle) by nocturnal feeding has also been examined and further research is needed to understand the importance of this period for either nutritional intervention or nutritional withdrawal. In summary, it is important for dietary guidelines for human health to consider nutrient timing (i.e. when we eat) alongside the conventional focus on nutrient quantity and nutrient quality (i.e. how much we eat and what we eat).
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Affiliation(s)
- Harry A Smith
- Centre for Nutrition Exercise and Metabolism, Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - James A Betts
- Centre for Nutrition Exercise and Metabolism, Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
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45
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Gabryelska A, Turkiewicz S, Karuga FF, Sochal M, Strzelecki D, Białasiewicz P. Disruption of Circadian Rhythm Genes in Obstructive Sleep Apnea Patients-Possible Mechanisms Involved and Clinical Implication. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23020709. [PMID: 35054894 PMCID: PMC8775490 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a chronic condition characterized by recurrent pauses in breathing caused by the collapse of the upper airways, which results in intermittent hypoxia and arousals during the night. The disorder is associated with a vast number of comorbidities affecting different systems, including cardiovascular, metabolic, psychiatric, and neurological complications. Due to abnormal sleep architecture, OSA patients are at high risk of circadian clock disruption, as has been reported in several recent studies. The circadian clock affects almost all daily behavioral patterns, as well as a plethora of physiological processes, and might be one of the key factors contributing to OSA complications. An intricate interaction between the circadian clock and hypoxia may further affect these processes, which has a strong foundation on the molecular level. Recent studies revealed an interaction between hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1), a key regulator of oxygen metabolism, and elements of circadian clocks. This relationship has a strong base in the structure of involved elements, as HIF-1 as well as PER, CLOCK, and BMAL, belong to the same Per-Arnt-Sim domain family. Therefore, this review summarizes the available knowledge on the molecular mechanism of circadian clock disruption and its influence on the development and progression of OSA comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Gabryelska
- Department of Sleep Medicine and Metabolic Disorders, Medical University of Lodz, 92-215 Lodz, Poland; (S.T.); (F.F.K.); (M.S.); (P.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-660796004
| | - Szymon Turkiewicz
- Department of Sleep Medicine and Metabolic Disorders, Medical University of Lodz, 92-215 Lodz, Poland; (S.T.); (F.F.K.); (M.S.); (P.B.)
| | - Filip Franciszek Karuga
- Department of Sleep Medicine and Metabolic Disorders, Medical University of Lodz, 92-215 Lodz, Poland; (S.T.); (F.F.K.); (M.S.); (P.B.)
| | - Marcin Sochal
- Department of Sleep Medicine and Metabolic Disorders, Medical University of Lodz, 92-215 Lodz, Poland; (S.T.); (F.F.K.); (M.S.); (P.B.)
| | - Dominik Strzelecki
- Department of Affective and Psychotic Disorders, Medical University of Lodz, 92-215 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Piotr Białasiewicz
- Department of Sleep Medicine and Metabolic Disorders, Medical University of Lodz, 92-215 Lodz, Poland; (S.T.); (F.F.K.); (M.S.); (P.B.)
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46
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Shiraishi R, Morita S, Goto Y, Mizoguchi Y, Nakamura W, Nakamura TJ. Diurnal variations of triglyceride accumulation in mouse and bovine adipocyte-derived cell lines. Anim Sci J 2022; 93:e13802. [PMID: 36562279 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Several studies have suggested a strong interaction between the circadian clock and lipid metabolism in mammals. The circadian clock is driven by endogenous cyclic gene expression patterns, commonly referred to as clock genes, and transcription-translation negative feedback loops. Clock genes regulate the transcription of some lipid metabolism-related genes; however, the relationship between the circadian clock and triglyceride (TG) accumulation at the cellular level remains unclear. Here, we evaluated rhythms of intracellular TG accumulation levels as well as the expression of clock genes and lipid metabolism-related genes for 54 h in mouse and bovine adipose-derived cell cultures. To the best of our knowledge, this study represents the first report demonstrating that TG accumulation exhibits diurnal variations, with the pattern differing among cell types. Furthermore, we found that expression of clock genes and corresponding lipid metabolism-related genes exhibited circadian rhythms. Our results suggest that the cellular clock regulates lipid metabolism-related genes to relate circadian rhythms of TG accumulation in each cell type. We anticipate that the amount of fat stored depends on the timing of the supply of glucose-the precursor of fat. The findings of this study will contribute to the advancement of chrono-nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rena Shiraishi
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Satomi Morita
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Yoshikuni Goto
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Teikyo Heisei University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasushi Mizoguchi
- Laboratory of Animal Genetics, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Wataru Nakamura
- Department of Oral-Chrono Physiology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Takahiro J Nakamura
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Japan
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47
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Li T, Bai Y, Jiang Y, Jiang K, Tian Y, Wang Z, Ban Y, Liang X, Luo G, Sun F. Potential Effect of the Circadian Clock on Erectile Dysfunction. Aging Dis 2022; 13:8-23. [PMID: 35111358 PMCID: PMC8782551 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2021.0728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The circadian rhythm is an internal timing system, which is generated by circadian clock genes. Because the circadian rhythm regulates numerous cellular, behavioral, and physiological processes, organisms have evolved with intrinsic biological rhythms to adapt the daily environmental changes. A variety of pathological events occur at specific times, while disturbed rhythms can lead to metabolic syndrome, vascular dysfunction, inflammatory disorders, and cancer. Therefore, the circadian clock is considered closely related to various diseases. Recently, accumulated data have shown that the penis is regulated by the circadian clock, while erectile function is impaired by an altered sleep-wake cycle. The circadian rhythm appears to be a novel therapeutic target for preventing and managing erectile dysfunction (ED), although research is still progressing. In this review, we briefly summarize the superficial interactions between the circadian clock and erectile function, while focusing on how disturbed rhythms contribute to risk factors of ED. These risk factors include NO/cGMP pathway, atherosclerosis, diabetes mellitus, lipid abnormalities, testosterone deficiency, as well as dysfunction of endothelial and smooth muscle cells. On the basis of recent findings, we discuss the potential role of the circadian clock for future therapeutic strategies on ED, although further relevant research needs to be performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Li
- Department of Urology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, China.
| | - Yunjin Bai
- Department of Urology and Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| | - Yiting Jiang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The Ninth People’s Hospital of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Kehua Jiang
- Department of Urology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, China.
| | - Ye Tian
- Department of Urology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, China.
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of Urology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, China.
| | - Yong Ban
- Department of Urology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, China.
| | - Xiangyi Liang
- Department of Urology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, China.
| | - Guangheng Luo
- Department of Urology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, China.
- Correspondence should be addressed to: Dr. Fa Sun, Department of Urology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou, China. .
| | - Fa Sun
- Department of Urology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, China.
- Correspondence should be addressed to: Dr. Fa Sun, Department of Urology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou, China. .
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48
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Nakata M, Kumari P, Kita R, Katsui N, Takeuchi Y, Kawaguchi T, Yamazaki T, Zhang B, Shimba S, Yada T. Circadian Clock Component BMAL1 in the Paraventricular Nucleus Regulates Glucose Metabolism. Nutrients 2021; 13:4487. [PMID: 34960038 PMCID: PMC8707417 DOI: 10.3390/nu13124487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
It is suggested that clock genes link the circadian rhythm to glucose and lipid metabolism. In this study, we explored the role of the clock gene Bmal1 in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) in glucose metabolism. The Sim1-Cre-mediated deletion of Bmal1 markedly reduced insulin secretion, resulting in impaired glucose tolerance. The pancreatic islets' responses to glucose, sulfonylureas (SUs) and arginine vasopressin (AVP) were well maintained. To specify the PVN neuron subpopulation targeted by Bmal1, the expression of neuropeptides was examined. In these knockout (KO) mice, the mRNA expression of Avp in the PVN was selectively decreased, and the plasma AVP concentration was also decreased. However, fasting suppressed Avp expression in both KO and Cre mice. These results demonstrate that PVN BMAL1 maintains Avp expression in the PVN and release to the circulation, possibly providing islet β-cells with more AVP. This action helps enhance insulin release and, consequently, glucose tolerance. In contrast, the circadian variation of Avp expression is regulated by feeding, but not by PVN BMAL1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanori Nakata
- Department of Physiology, Wakayama Medical University School of Medicine, Kimiidare 811-1, Wakayama 641-8509, Japan; (R.K.); (N.K.); (Y.T.); (T.K.); (B.Z.)
| | - Parmila Kumari
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Plac Uniwersytecki 1, 50-137 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Rika Kita
- Department of Physiology, Wakayama Medical University School of Medicine, Kimiidare 811-1, Wakayama 641-8509, Japan; (R.K.); (N.K.); (Y.T.); (T.K.); (B.Z.)
| | - Nanako Katsui
- Department of Physiology, Wakayama Medical University School of Medicine, Kimiidare 811-1, Wakayama 641-8509, Japan; (R.K.); (N.K.); (Y.T.); (T.K.); (B.Z.)
| | - Yuriko Takeuchi
- Department of Physiology, Wakayama Medical University School of Medicine, Kimiidare 811-1, Wakayama 641-8509, Japan; (R.K.); (N.K.); (Y.T.); (T.K.); (B.Z.)
| | - Tomoki Kawaguchi
- Department of Physiology, Wakayama Medical University School of Medicine, Kimiidare 811-1, Wakayama 641-8509, Japan; (R.K.); (N.K.); (Y.T.); (T.K.); (B.Z.)
| | - Toshiya Yamazaki
- Department of Health Sciences, Kansai University of Health Sciences, Wakaba 2-11-1, Kumatoricho, Sennan-gun, Osaka 590-0482, Japan;
| | - Boyang Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Wakayama Medical University School of Medicine, Kimiidare 811-1, Wakayama 641-8509, Japan; (R.K.); (N.K.); (Y.T.); (T.K.); (B.Z.)
| | - Shigeki Shimba
- Laboratory of Health Science, School of Pharmacy, Nihon University, 7-7-1 Narashinodai, Funabshi 274-8555, Japan;
| | - Toshihiko Yada
- Center for Integrative Physiology, Kansai Electric Power Medical Research Institute, 1-5-6 Minatojimaminamimachi, Chuou-ku, Kobe 650-0047, Japan;
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kusunokicho 7-5-1, Chuou-ku, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
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49
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Choi Y, Nakamura Y, Akazawa N, Park I, Kwak HB, Tokuyama K, Maeda S. Effects of nocturnal light exposure on circadian rhythm and energy metabolism in healthy adults: A randomized crossover trial. Chronobiol Int 2021; 39:602-612. [PMID: 34903129 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2021.2014517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to continuous light at night, including night-shift work or a nocturnal lifestyle, is emerging as a novel deleterious factor for weight gain and obesity. Here, we examined whether a single bout of bright light (BL) exposure at night affects energy metabolism via changes in circadian rhythm and nocturnal melatonin production. Ten healthy young men were randomized to a two-way crossover experimental design protocol: control (< 50 lux) and BL (approximately 10000 lux) conditions, with at least seven days of interval. The participants were exposed to each condition for 3 h (21:00-24:00) before sleep (0 lux, 00:00-07:00) in a room-type metabolic chamber. On each experimental night (21:00-07:00), energy expenditure, respiratory quotient (RQ), and substrate oxidation were measured to determine the energy metabolism. BL exposure prior to bedtime altered biological rhythms, disrupted the nocturnal decline in body temperature, and suppressed the melatonin level before sleeping, resulting in an increase in sleep latency. Indirect calorimetry data revealed that BL exposure significantly decreased the fat oxidation and increased the RQ, an indicator of the carbohydrate-to-fat oxidation ratio, throughout the whole period (light exposure and sleep). We revealed that acute BL exposure prior to bedtime exacerbated circadian rhythms and substrate oxidations, suggesting that chronic BL exposure at night may lead to obesity risk due to disturbances in circadian rhythms and macronutrient metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngju Choi
- Faculty of Health and Sport Science, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.,Institute of Sports & Arts Convergence, Inha University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Yuki Nakamura
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Akazawa
- Faculty of Health and Sport Science, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.,Department of Sports Research, Japan Institute of Sports Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Insung Park
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Hyo-Bum Kwak
- Institute of Sports & Arts Convergence, Inha University, Incheon, South Korea.,Department of Biomedical Science, Program in Biomedical Science & Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Kumpei Tokuyama
- Faculty of Health and Sport Science, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.,International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Seiji Maeda
- Faculty of Health and Sport Science, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.,Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Japan
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50
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Yuzhen C, Zheng F. The effect of circadian rhythm on prolactin/PRLR-mediated intracellular signaling profiles in vivo and in vitro. Tissue Cell 2021; 73:101570. [PMID: 34343759 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2021.101570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The circadian molecular Clock is an internal time-keeping system, which regulates various physiological processes. The circadian Clock may be involved in all biological processes. The circadian Clock is closely related to prolactin's activities. However, until now, the effect of circadian Clock dysregulation on PRL's bioactivities remains unclear. Clock protein is an essential component in circadian Clock and necessary for Clock function. Therefore, Clock gene knockout mice (CLOCK -/- mice) was used to explore the effect of circadian Clock dysfunction on PRL's activities. The in vitro and in vivo experimental results showed that PRLR-mediated signaling was significantly down-regulated. PRL-induced JAK2-STAT5 signaling in Clock-/- mice was significantly decreased compared to control mice in vivo. In vitro, PRL/PRLR-mediated signaling in mammary epithelial cell that Clock was knocked down by siRNA was significantly down-regulated compared to control cells. Mechanistically, the expression levels of negative regulatory molecule (the suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) was upregulated in vitro and in vivo, which may be one of the factors that causes the PRL-signaling downregulation. Taken together, the current work indicates that the circadian Clock affects the PRL's activities. This finding lays the foundation for studying the relationship between the circadian Clock and PRL's biological activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Yuzhen
- Department of Neurology and Pediatric Neurology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Fudong Zheng
- Department of Neurology and Pediatric Neurology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200092, China
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