1
|
Haude S, Matthes R, Pitchika V, Holtfreter B, Schlüter R, Gerling T, Kocher T, Jablonowski L. In-vitro biofilm removal from TiUnite® implant surface with an air polishing and two different plasma devices. BMC Oral Health 2024; 24:558. [PMID: 38741081 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04230-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We investigated the efficacy of two different cold atmospheric pressure jet plasma devices (CAP09 and CAPmed) and an air polishing device with glycine powder (AP) either applied as monotherapies or combined therapies (AP + CAP09; AP + CAPmed), in microbial biofilm removal from discs with anodised titanium surface. METHODS Discs covered with 7-day-old microbial biofilm were treated either with CAP09, CAPmed, AP, AP + CAP09 or AP + CAPmed and compared with negative and positive controls. Biofilm removal was assessed with flourescence and electron microscopy immediately after treatment and after 5 days of reincubation of the treated discs. RESULTS Treatment with CAP09 or CAPmed did not lead to an effective biofilm removal, whereas treatment with AP detached the complete biofilm, which however regrew to baseline magnitude after 5 days of reincubation. Both combination therapies (AP + CAP09 and AP + CAPmed) achieved a complete biofilm removal immediately after cleaning. However, biofilm regrew after 5 days on 50% of the discs treated with the combination therapy. CONCLUSION AP treatment alone can remove gross biofilm immediately from anodised titanium surfaces. However, it did not impede regrowth after 5 days, because microorganisms were probably hidden in holes and troughs, from which they could regrow, and which were inaccessible to AP. The combination of AP and plasma treatment probably removed or inactivated microorganisms also from these hard to access spots. These results were independent of the choice of plasma device.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Haude
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Periodontology, Endodontology, Preventive Dentistry and Paediatric Dentistry, Dental School, University Medicine Greifswald, Walther-Rathenau-Str. 42a, Greifswald, D - 17475, Germany
| | - Rutger Matthes
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Periodontology, Endodontology, Preventive Dentistry and Paediatric Dentistry, Dental School, University Medicine Greifswald, Walther-Rathenau-Str. 42a, Greifswald, D - 17475, Germany
| | - Vinay Pitchika
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Periodontology, Endodontology, Preventive Dentistry and Paediatric Dentistry, Dental School, University Medicine Greifswald, Walther-Rathenau-Str. 42a, Greifswald, D - 17475, Germany
| | - Birte Holtfreter
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Periodontology, Endodontology, Preventive Dentistry and Paediatric Dentistry, Dental School, University Medicine Greifswald, Walther-Rathenau-Str. 42a, Greifswald, D - 17475, Germany
| | - Rabea Schlüter
- Imaging Center of the Department of Biology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Torsten Gerling
- ZIK Plasmatis, Leibniz-Institute for Plasma Science and Technology e.V. (INP), a member of the Leibniz Research Alliance Leibniz Health Technology, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Thomas Kocher
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Periodontology, Endodontology, Preventive Dentistry and Paediatric Dentistry, Dental School, University Medicine Greifswald, Walther-Rathenau-Str. 42a, Greifswald, D - 17475, Germany
| | - Lukasz Jablonowski
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Periodontology, Endodontology, Preventive Dentistry and Paediatric Dentistry, Dental School, University Medicine Greifswald, Walther-Rathenau-Str. 42a, Greifswald, D - 17475, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Alqutaibi AY, Aljohani A, Alduri A, Masoudi A, Alsaedi AM, Al-Sharani HM, Farghal AE, Alnazzawi AA, Aboalrejal AN, Mohamed AAH, Zafar MS. The Effectiveness of Cold Atmospheric Plasma (CAP) on Bacterial Reduction in Dental Implants: A Systematic Review. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1528. [PMID: 37892210 PMCID: PMC10604822 DOI: 10.3390/biom13101528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The emergence of dental implants has revolutionized the management of tooth loss. However, the placement of clinical implants exposes them to complex oral environment and numerous microscopic entities, such as bacteria. Cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) is often used to treat the surfaces of dental implants, which alters morphological features and effectively reduces bacterial load. PURPOSE This systematic review aims to assess the existing literature on the bactericidal properties of CAP when used on various kinds of dental implant surfaces. REVIEW METHOD An in-depth examination of MEDLINE/PubMed and EMBASE was performed to identify relevant studies, with the most recent search conducted in May 2023. Studies were selected based on their exploration of CAP's effects on dental implants compared to control groups, focusing on CAP's bactericidal efficacy. However, studies that lacked a control group or that failed to measure bactericidal effects were excluded. RESULTS After applying the selection criteria, 15 studies were ultimately included in the systematic review. The collected data suggest that CAP can effectively reduce bacterial loads on dental implant surfaces, including pathogens like Streptococcus mitis and Staphylococcus aureus. Furthermore, CAP appears to combat biofilms and plaques that are key contributors to periimplantitis. CONCLUSION CAP emerges as a promising treatment option, exhibiting significant bactericidal activity on dental implant surfaces. CAP can decrease the rates of bacterial biofilm and plaque formation, leading to improved outcomes for dental implant patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Yaseen Alqutaibi
- Department of Substitutive Dental Science, College of Dentistry, Taibah University, Al Madinah 41311, Saudi Arabia; (A.E.F.); (A.A.A.)
- Prosthodontics Department, College of Dentistry, Ibb University, Ibb 70270, Yemen
| | - Abdulbari Aljohani
- College of Dentistry, Taibah University, Al Madinah 41311, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (A.A.); (A.M.); (A.M.A.)
| | - Abdullah Alduri
- College of Dentistry, Taibah University, Al Madinah 41311, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (A.A.); (A.M.); (A.M.A.)
| | - Abdulmajid Masoudi
- College of Dentistry, Taibah University, Al Madinah 41311, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (A.A.); (A.M.); (A.M.A.)
| | - Anas M. Alsaedi
- College of Dentistry, Taibah University, Al Madinah 41311, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (A.A.); (A.M.); (A.M.A.)
| | - Hesham Mohammed Al-Sharani
- National Center for Epidemiology and Population Health, ANU College of Health and Medicine, Canberra 2601, Australia;
| | - Ahmed E. Farghal
- Department of Substitutive Dental Science, College of Dentistry, Taibah University, Al Madinah 41311, Saudi Arabia; (A.E.F.); (A.A.A.)
| | - Ahmad Abdulkareem Alnazzawi
- Department of Substitutive Dental Science, College of Dentistry, Taibah University, Al Madinah 41311, Saudi Arabia; (A.E.F.); (A.A.A.)
| | | | - Abdel-Aleam H. Mohamed
- Physics Department, College of Science, Taibah University, Al Madinah 42353, Saudi Arabia;
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62521, Egypt
| | - Muhammad Sohail Zafar
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Taibah University, Al Madinah 41311, Saudi Arabia
- School of Dentistry, University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Gülses A, Dohrmann L, Aktas OC, Wagner J, Veziroglu S, Tjardts T, Hartig T, Liedtke KR, Wiltfang J, Acil Y, Flörke C. Decontaminative Properties of Cold Atmospheric Plasma Treatment on Collagen Membranes Used for Guided Bone Regeneration. J Funct Biomater 2023; 14:372. [PMID: 37504867 PMCID: PMC10381767 DOI: 10.3390/jfb14070372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) is known to be a surface-friendly yet antimicrobial and activating process for surfaces such as titanium. The aim of the present study was to describe the decontaminating effects of CAP on contaminated collagen membranes and their influence on the properties of this biomaterial in vitro. Material and Methods: A total of n = 18 Bio-Gide® (Geistlich Biomaterials, Baden-Baden, Germany) membranes were examined. The intervention group was divided as follows: n = 6 membranes were treated for one minute, and n = 6 membranes were treated for five minutes with CAP using kINPen® MED (neoplas tools GmbH, Greifswald, Germany) with an output of 5 W, respectively. A non-CAP-treated group (n = 6) served as the control. The topographic alterations were evaluated via X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Afterward, the samples were contaminated with E. faecalis for 6 days, and colony-forming unit (CFU) counts and additional SEM analyses were performed. The CFUs increased with CAP treatment time in our analyses, but SEM showed that the surface of the membranes was essentially free from bacteria. However, the deeper layers showed remaining microbial conglomerates. Furthermore, we showed, via XPS analysis, that increasing the CAP time significantly enhances the carbon (carbonyl group) concentration, which also correlates negatively with the decontaminating effects of CAP. Conclusions: Reactive carbonyl groups offer a potential mechanism for inhibiting the growth of E. faecalis on collagen membranes after cold atmospheric plasma treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aydin Gülses
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Lina Dohrmann
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Oral Cenk Aktas
- Chair for Multicomponent Materials, Institute for Materials Science, Faculty of Engineering, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Juliane Wagner
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Salih Veziroglu
- Chair for Multicomponent Materials, Institute for Materials Science, Faculty of Engineering, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, 24118 Kiel, Germany
- Kiel Nano, Surface and Interface Science KiNSIS, Kiel University, Christian Albrechts-Platz 4, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Tim Tjardts
- Chair for Multicomponent Materials, Institute for Materials Science, Faculty of Engineering, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Torge Hartig
- Chair for Multicomponent Materials, Institute for Materials Science, Faculty of Engineering, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Kim Rouven Liedtke
- Department of Orthopedics, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Jörg Wiltfang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Yahya Acil
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Christian Flörke
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Gund MP, Naim J, Lehmann A, Hannig M, Linsenmann C, Schindler A, Rupf S. Effects of Cold Atmospheric Plasma Pre-Treatment of Titanium on the Biological Activity of Primary Human Gingival Fibroblasts. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11041185. [PMID: 37189803 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11041185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Cold atmospheric plasma treatment (CAP) enables the contactless modification of titanium. This study aimed to investigate the attachment of primary human gingival fibroblasts on titanium. Machined and microstructured titanium discs were exposed to cold atmospheric plasma, followed by the application of primary human gingival fibroblasts onto the disc. The fibroblast cultures were analyzed by fluorescence, scanning electron microscopy and cell-biological tests. The treated titanium displayed a more homogeneous and denser fibroblast coverage, while its biological behavior was not altered. This study demonstrated for the first time the beneficial effect of CAP treatment on the initial attachment of primary human gingival fibroblasts on titanium. The results support the application of CAP in the context of pre-implantation conditioning, as well as of peri-implant disease treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Madline P Gund
- Clinic of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Jusef Naim
- Clinic of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Antje Lehmann
- Leibniz Institute of Surface Modification (IOM), 04318 Leipzig, Germany
- ADMEDES GmbH, 75179 Pforzheim, Germany
| | - Matthias Hannig
- Clinic of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Constanze Linsenmann
- Clinic of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Axel Schindler
- Leibniz Institute of Surface Modification (IOM), 04318 Leipzig, Germany
- Piloto Consulting Ion Beam and Plasma Technologies, 04668 Grimma, Germany
| | - Stefan Rupf
- Clinic of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
- Synoptic Dentistry, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
In-Vitro Biofilm Removal Efficacy Using Water Jet in Combination with Cold Plasma Technology on Dental Titanium Implants. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021606. [PMID: 36675120 PMCID: PMC9867126 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Peri-implantitis-associated inflammation can lead to bone loss and implant failure. Current decontamination measures are ineffective due to the implants' complex geometry and rough surfaces providing niches for microbial biofilms. A modified water jet system (WaterJet) was combined with cold plasma technology (CAP) to achieve superior antimicrobial efficacy compared to cotton gauze treatment. Seven-day-old multi-species-contaminated titanium discs and implants were investigated as model systems. The efficacy of decontamination on implants was determined by rolling the implants over agar and determining colony-forming units supported by scanning electron microscopy image quantification of implant surface features. The inflammatory consequences of mono and combination treatments were investigated with peripheral blood mononuclear cell surface marker expression and chemokine and cytokine release profiles on titanium discs. In addition, titanium discs were assayed using fluorescence microscopy. Cotton gauze was inferior to WaterJet treatment according to all types of analysis. In combination with the antimicrobial effect of CAP, decontamination was improved accordingly. Mono and CAP-combined treatment on titanium surfaces alone did not unleash inflammation. Simultaneously, chemokine and cytokine release was dramatically reduced in samples that had benefited from additional antimicrobial effects through CAP. The combined treatment with WaterJet and CAP potently removed biofilm and disinfected rough titanium implant surfaces. At the same time, non-favorable rendering of the surface structure or its pro-inflammatory potential through CAP was not observed.
Collapse
|
6
|
Borchardt T, Helmke A, Ernst J, Emmert S, Schilling AF, Felmerer G, Viöl W. Topically Confined Enhancement of Cutaneous Microcirculation by Cold Plasma. Skin Pharmacol Physiol 2022; 35:343-353. [PMID: 36353780 PMCID: PMC9811424 DOI: 10.1159/000527700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We aim to explore potentials and modalities of cold atmospheric pressure plasma (CAP) for the subsequent development of therapies targeting an increased perfusion of the lower leg skin tissue. In this study, we addressed the question whether the microcirculation enhancement is restricted to the tissue in direct contact with plasma or if adjacent tissue might also benefit. METHODS A dielectric barrier discharge (DBD)-generated CAP device exhibiting an electrode area of 27.5 cm2 was used to treat the anterior lower leg of ten healthy subjects for 4.5 min. Subsequently, hyperspectral imaging was performed to measure the tempospatially resolved characteristics of microcirculation parameters in superficial (up to 1 mm) and deeper (up to 5 mm) skin layers. RESULTS In the tissue area covered by the plasma electrode, DBD-CAP treatment enhances most of the perfusion parameters. The maximum oxygen saturation increase reached 8%, the near-infrared perfusion index (NIR) increased by a maximum of 4%, and the maximum tissue hemoglobin increase equaled 14%. Tissue water index (TWI) was lower in both the control and the plasma groups, thus not affected by the DBD-CAP treatment. Yet, our study reveals that adjacent tissue is hardly affected by the enhancements in the electrode area, and the effects are locally confined. CONCLUSION Application of DBD-CAP to the lower leg resulted in enhancement of cutaneous microcirculation that extended 1 h beyond the treatment period with localization to the tissue area in direct contact with the cold plasma. This suggests the possibility of tailoring application schemes for topically confined enhancement of skin microcirculation, e.g., in the treatment of chronic wounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Borchardt
- Faculty of Engineering and Health, HAWK University of Applied Sciences and Arts, Goettingen, Germany,*Thomas Borchardt,
| | - Andreas Helmke
- Faculty of Engineering and Health, HAWK University of Applied Sciences and Arts, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Jennifer Ernst
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Orthopaedics and Plastic Surgery, University Medical Center Goettingen. Georg-August-University, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Steffen Emmert
- Clinic and Policlinic for Dermatology and Venereology, University Medical Center Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Arndt F. Schilling
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Orthopaedics and Plastic Surgery, University Medical Center Goettingen. Georg-August-University, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Gunther Felmerer
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Orthopaedics and Plastic Surgery, University Medical Center Goettingen. Georg-August-University, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Viöl
- Faculty of Engineering and Health, HAWK University of Applied Sciences and Arts, Goettingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Matthes R, Jablonowski L, Pitchika V, Holtfreter B, Eberhard C, Seifert L, Gerling T, Vilardell Scholten L, Schlüter R, Kocher T. Efficiency of biofilm removal by combination of water jet and cold plasma: an in-vitro study. BMC Oral Health 2022; 22:157. [PMID: 35524324 PMCID: PMC9074283 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-022-02195-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Peri-implantitis therapy is a major problem in implantology. Because of challenging rough implant surface and implant geometry, microorganisms can hide and survive in implant microstructures and impede debridement. We developed a new water jet (WJ) device and a new cold atmospheric pressure plasma (CAP) device to overcome these problems and investigated aspects of efficacy in vitro and safety with the aim to create the prerequisites for a clinical pilot study with these medical devices. Methods We compared the efficiency of a single treatment with a WJ or curette and cotton swab (CC) without or with adjunctive use of CAP (WJ + CAP, CC + CAP) to remove biofilm in vitro from rough titanium discs. Treatment efficacy was evaluated by measuring turbidity up to 72 h for bacterial re-growth or spreading of osteoblast-like cells (MG-63) after 5 days with scanning electron microscopy. With respect to application safety, the WJ and CAP instruments were examined according to basic regulations for medical devices. Results After 96 h of incubation all WJ and CC treated disks were turbid but 67% of WJ + CAP and 46% CC + CAP treated specimens were still clear. The increase in turbidity after WJ treatment was delayed by about 20 h compared to CC treatment. In combination with CAP the cell coverage significantly increased to 82% (WJ + CAP) or 72% (CC + CAP), compared to single treatment 11% (WJ) or 10% (CC). Conclusion The newly developed water jet device effectively removes biofilm from rough titanium surfaces in vitro and, in combination with the new CAP device, biologically acceptable surfaces allow osteoblasts to grow. WJ in combination with CAP leads to cleaner surfaces than the usage of curette and cotton swabs with or without subsequent plasma treatment. Our next step will be a clinical pilot study with these new devices to assess the clinical healing process. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12903-022-02195-1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rutger Matthes
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Periodontology, Endodontology, Preventive Dentistry and Pedodontics, Dental School, University Medicine Greifswald, Fleischmannstr. 42, 17475, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Lukasz Jablonowski
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Periodontology, Endodontology, Preventive Dentistry and Pedodontics, Dental School, University Medicine Greifswald, Fleischmannstr. 42, 17475, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Vinay Pitchika
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Periodontology, Endodontology, Preventive Dentistry and Pedodontics, Dental School, University Medicine Greifswald, Fleischmannstr. 42, 17475, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Birte Holtfreter
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Periodontology, Endodontology, Preventive Dentistry and Pedodontics, Dental School, University Medicine Greifswald, Fleischmannstr. 42, 17475, Greifswald, Germany
| | | | - Leo Seifert
- Sirona Dental Systems GmbH, Bensheim, Germany
| | - Torsten Gerling
- ZIK Plasmatis, Leibniz-Institute for Plasma Science and Technology e.V. (INP), Greifswald, Germany
| | - Laura Vilardell Scholten
- ZIK Plasmatis, Leibniz-Institute for Plasma Science and Technology e.V. (INP), Greifswald, Germany
| | - Rabea Schlüter
- Imaging Center of the Department of Biology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Thomas Kocher
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Periodontology, Endodontology, Preventive Dentistry and Pedodontics, Dental School, University Medicine Greifswald, Fleischmannstr. 42, 17475, Greifswald, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zipprich H, Weigl P, Di Gianfilippo R, Steigmann L, Henrich D, Wang HL, Schlee M, Ratka C. Comparison of decontamination efficacy of two electrolyte cleaning methods to diode laser, plasma, and air-abrasive devices. Clin Oral Investig 2022; 26:4549-4558. [PMID: 35322316 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-022-04421-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the in vitro decontamination efficacy of two electrolytic cleaning methods to diode laser, plasma, and air-abrasive devices. MATERIAL AND METHODS Sixty sandblasted large-grit acid-etched (SLA) implants were incubated with 2 ml of human saliva and Tryptic Soy Broth solution under continuous shaking for 14 days. Implants were then randomly assigned to one untreated control group (n = 10) and 5 different decontamination modalities: air-abrasive powder (n = 10), diode laser (n = 10), plasma cleaning (n = 10), and two electrolytic test protocols using either potassium iodide (KI) (n = 10) or sodium formate (CHNaO2) (n = 10) solution. Implants were stained for dead and alive bacteria in two standardized measurement areas, observed at fluorescent microscope, and analyzed for color intensity. RESULTS All disinfecting treatment modalities significantly reduced the stained area compared to the untreated control group for both measurement areas (p < 0.001). Among test interventions, electrolytic KI and CHNaO2 treatments were equally effective, and each one significantly reduced the stained area compared to any other treatment modality (p < 0.001). Efficacy of electrolytic protocols was not affected by the angulation of examined surfaces [surface angulation 0° vs. 60° (staining %): electrolytic cleaning-KI 0.03 ± 0.04 vs. 0.09 ± 0.10; electrolytic cleaning-CHNaO2 0.01 ± 0.01 vs. 0.06 ± 0.08; (p > 0.05)], while air abrasion [surface angulation 0° vs. 60° (staining %): 2.66 ± 0.83 vs. 42.12 ± 3.46 (p < 0.001)] and plasma cleaning [surface angulation 0° vs. 60° (staining %): 33.25 ± 3.01 vs. 39.16 ± 3.15 (p < 0.001)] were. CONCLUSIONS Within the limitations of the present in vitro study, electrolytic decontamination with KI and CHNaO2 was significantly more effective in reducing bacterial stained surface of rough titanium implants than air-abrasive powder, diode laser, and plasma cleaning, regardless of the accessibility of the contaminated implant location. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Complete bacterial elimination (residual bacteria < 1%) was achieved only for the electrolytic cleaning approaches, irrespectively of the favorable or unfavorable access to implant surface.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Paul Weigl
- Department of Postgraduate Education, Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, J. W. Goethe University, 60596, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Riccardo Di Gianfilippo
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, The University of Michigan - School of Dentistry, 1011 North university Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
| | - Larissa Steigmann
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, The University of Michigan - School of Dentistry, 1011 North university Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Dirk Henrich
- Department of Trauma, Hand & Reconstructive Surgery, Goethe University, 60596, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Hom-Lay Wang
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, The University of Michigan - School of Dentistry, 1011 North university Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Markus Schlee
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Goethe University, 60596, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
In-vitro assessment of the efficiency of cold atmospheric plasma on decontamination of titanium dental implants. Int J Implant Dent 2022; 8:12. [PMID: 35275307 PMCID: PMC8917246 DOI: 10.1186/s40729-022-00411-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of the current study was to comparatively assess the efficiency of three different adjunctive therapy options (cold atmospheric plasma, [CAP], photodynamic therapy [PDT] and chemical decontamination via 35% phosphoric acid gel [PAG]) on decontamination of titanium implant surfaces in-vitro. Materials and methods Implants were inserted in concavities of four mm in depth mimicking a bone defect at the implant recipient site. In each model, two implants were inserted in the fourth and one implant in the third quadrants. After contamination with E. faecalis, the first group has been treated with CAP for 3 min, the second group with 35% PAG (and the third group with PDT. After treatment, quantification of bacterial colonization was assessed by quantification via colony forming units and qualitatively by fluorescence microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Results With a mean value of 1.24 × 105 CFU/ml, the CAP treated implants have showed the least microorganisms. The highest number of CFU was found after PDT with mean value of 8.28 × 106 CFU/ml. For the implants that were processed with phosphoric acid, a mean value of 3.14 × 106 CFU/ml could be detected. When the groups were compared, only the CAP and PDT groups differed significantly from each other (p = 0.005). Conclusion A complete cleaning of the micro-textured implant surface or the killing of the bacteria could not be achieved by any of the investigated treatment options, thus bacteria in the microstructure of the titanium surface cannot be completely reached by mechanical and physico-chemical processes. Clinical relevance The main goal of the adjunctive peri-implantitis treatment is the decontamination of the implant surface. However, there is still an ongoing need to define the most appropriate adjunctive therapy method. Due to its antimicrobial effects, CAP combined with mechanical debridement could be a feasible treatment modality in the management of peri-implantitis.
Collapse
|
10
|
Lata S, Chakravorty S, Mitra T, Pradhan PK, Mohanty S, Patel P, Jha E, Panda PK, Verma SK, Suar M. Aurora Borealis in dentistry: The applications of cold plasma in biomedicine. Mater Today Bio 2022; 13:100200. [PMID: 35036896 PMCID: PMC8743205 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2021.100200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Plasma is regularly alluded to as the fourth form of matter. Its bounty presence in nature along with its potential antibacterial properties has made it a widely utilized disinfectant in clinical sciences. Thermal plasma and non-thermal (or cold atmospheric) plasma (NTP) are two types of plasma. Atoms and heavy particles are both available at the same temperature in thermal plasma. Cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) is intended to be non-thermal since its electrons are hotter than the heavier particles at ambient temperature. Direct barrier discharge (DBD), atmospheric plasma pressure jet (APPJ), etc. methods can be used to produce plasma, however, all follow a basic concept in their generation. This review focuses on the anticipated uses of cold atmospheric plasma in dentistry, such as its effectiveness in sterilizing dental instruments by eradicating bacteria, its advantage in dental cavity decontamination over conventional methods, root canal disinfection, its effects on tooth whitening, the benefits of plasma treatment on the success of dental implant placement, and so forth. Moreover, the limitations and probable solutions has also been anticipated. These conceivable outcomes thus have proclaimed the improvement of more up-to-date gadgets, for example, the plasma needle and plasma pen, which are efficient in treating the small areas like root canal bleaching, biofilm disruption, requiring treatment in dentistry. Non-thermal plasma (NTP) has regarded as an important tool for biomedical application especially dental application. The surface application of NTP can be used for disinfecting microbial infection in endodontic issues. NTP can be used to eradicate the microorganism biofilm responsible for dental caries. NTP can also be utilized in would healing, implant modifications and adhesive restoration. NTP is potential candidate for clinical application in dentistry based on the experimental proofs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Lata
- Kalinga Institute of Dental Sciences, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, 751024, India
| | - Shibani Chakravorty
- Kalinga Institute of Dental Sciences, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, 751024, India
| | - Tamoghni Mitra
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, 751024, India
| | - Prasanti Kumari Pradhan
- Kalinga Institute of Dental Sciences, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, 751024, India
| | - Soumyakanta Mohanty
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, SCB Dental College and Hospital, Cuttack, 753007, India
| | - Paritosh Patel
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, 751024, India
| | - Ealisha Jha
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, 751024, India
| | - Pritam Kumar Panda
- Condensed Matter Theory Group, Materials Theory Division, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, SE-751 20, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Suresh K Verma
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, 751024, India.,Condensed Matter Theory Group, Materials Theory Division, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, SE-751 20, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mrutyunjay Suar
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, 751024, India
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Cold Atmospheric Plasma Promotes Regeneration-Associated Cell Functions of Murine Cementoblasts In Vitro. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22105280. [PMID: 34067898 PMCID: PMC8156616 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22105280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to examine the efficacy of cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) on the mineralization and cell proliferation of murine dental cementoblasts. Cells were treated with CAP and enamel matrix derivates (EMD). Gene expression of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), bone gamma-carboxyglutamate protein (BGLAP), periostin (POSTN), osteopontin (OPN), osterix (OSX), collagen type I alpha 1 chain (COL1A1), dentin matrix acidic phosphoprotein (DMP)1, RUNX family transcription factor (RUNX)2, and marker of proliferation Ki-67 (KI67) was quantified by real-time PCR. Protein expression was analyzed by immunocytochemistry and ELISA. ALP activity was determined by ALP assay. Von Kossa and alizarin red staining were used to display mineralization. Cell viability was analyzed by XTT assay, and morphological characterization was performed by DAPI/phalloidin staining. Cell migration was quantified with an established scratch assay. CAP and EMD upregulated both mRNA and protein synthesis of ALP, POSTN, and OPN. Additionally, DMP1 and COL1A1 were upregulated at both gene and protein levels. In addition to upregulated RUNX2 mRNA levels, treated cells mineralized more intensively. Moreover, CAP treatment resulted in an upregulation of KI67, higher cell viability, and improved cell migration. Our study shows that CAP appears to have stimulatory effects on regeneration-associated cell functions in cementoblasts.
Collapse
|
12
|
Zhou X, Wu D, Liang D, Zhang W, Shi Q, Cao Y. Evaluation of modified cold‐atmospheric pressure plasma (MCAP) for the treatment of peri‐implantitis in beagles. Oral Dis 2020; 28:495-502. [PMID: 33320400 DOI: 10.1111/odi.13757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xincai Zhou
- Department of Stomatology Baoan Maternal and Child Health Hospital Jinan University Shenzhen China
| | - Donglei Wu
- Department of Stomatology Baoan Maternal and Child Health Hospital Jinan University Shenzhen China
| | - Defeng Liang
- Department of Stomatology Baoan Maternal and Child Health Hospital Jinan University Shenzhen China
| | - Wenhao Zhang
- Department of Stomatology Baoan Maternal and Child Health Hospital Jinan University Shenzhen China
| | - Qi Shi
- Department of Stomatology Baoan Maternal and Child Health Hospital Jinan University Shenzhen China
- Department of Stomatology Tongji Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
| | - Yingguang Cao
- Department of Stomatology Tongji Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Hui WL, Ipe D, Perrotti V, Piattelli A, Fang Z, Ostrikov K, Quaranta A. Novel technique using cold atmospheric plasma coupled with air-polishing for the treatment of titanium discs grown with biofilm: An in-vitro study. Dent Mater 2020; 37:359-369. [PMID: 33358017 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2020.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of the present study was to assess the decontamination efficacy and titanium surface alterations of erythritol based air abrasion (AA) and cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) targeting a human complex biofilm. METHODS Saliva collected from a peri-implantitis patient was used to develop in vitro human biofilm over titanium discs with machined (group A) and moderately rough (group B) surface. The discs were treated with AA, experimental CAP or a combination of both treatments (COM). The amount of biofilm on the discs was measured by crystal violet (CV). Surface features and roughness before and after treatment were assessed by SEM and laser profilometry, respectively. The data were statistically analyzed using Kruskal Wallis followed by Dunn's multiple comparison test after being checked for normality by Shapiro-Wilk test. RESULTS All the discs in group A performed better to treatments compared to group B. In both groups, CV data showed significantly lower amount of biofilm after AA treatment compared to CAP (p<0.05). Cleaning efficacy revealed relevant decontamination of both the surfaces following AA and COM treatments and almost complete biofilm removal after AA application on group A (99.92%). SEM analysis demonstrated no post-treatment alterations on the discs and laser profilometry did not show statistically significant changes in Sa and Sdr values. SIGNIFICANCE Decontamination with AA delivering erythritol with or without CAP is highly effective in biofilm removal from different titanium surfaces. All the tested treatments, including CAP showed no noticeable alterations of the titanium discs surface features. Further in vivo studies are necessary to understand the potential of CAP technology in implant surface decontamination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wang Lai Hui
- Private Practice, Smile Specialists Suite, Newcastle, NSW, Australia; School of Dentistry and Oral Health, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Deepak Ipe
- School of Dentistry and Oral Health, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Vittoria Perrotti
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences (DSMOB), University of Chieti-Pescara, Italy.
| | - Adriano Piattelli
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences (DSMOB), University of Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | - Zhi Fang
- College of Electrical Engineering and Control Science, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Kostya Ostrikov
- School of Chemistry and Physics and Institute for Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia
| | - Alessandro Quaranta
- Sydney Dental Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Smile Specialists Suite, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Time Dependency of Non-Thermal Oxygen Plasma and Ultraviolet Irradiation on Cellular Attachment and mRNA Expression of Growth Factors in Osteoblasts on Titanium and Zirconia Surfaces. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21228598. [PMID: 33202662 PMCID: PMC7697706 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultraviolet (UV) light and non-thermal plasma (NTP) are promising chair-side surface treatment methods to overcome the time-dependent aging of dental implant surfaces. After showing the efficiency of UV light and NTP treatment in restoring the biological activity of titanium and zirconia surfaces in vitro, the objective of this study was to define appropriate processing times for clinical use. Titanium and zirconia disks were treated by UV light and non-thermal oxygen plasma with increasing duration. Non-treated disks were set as controls. Murine osteoblast-like cells (MC3T3-E1) were seeded onto the treated or non-treated disks. After 2 and 24 h of incubation, the viability of cells on surfaces was assessed using an MTS assay. mRNA expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) were assessed using real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis. Cellular morphology and attachment were observed using confocal microscopy. The viability of MC3T3-E1 was significantly increased in 12 min UV-light treated and 1 min oxygen NTP treated groups. VEGF relative expression reached the highest levels on 12 min UV-light and 1 min NTP treated surfaces of both disks. The highest levels of HGF relative expression were reached on 12 min UV light treated zirconia surfaces. However, cells on 12 and 16 min UV-light and NTP treated surfaces of both materials had a more widely spread cytoskeleton compared to control groups. Twelve min UV-light and one min non-thermal oxygen plasma treatment on titanium and zirconia may be the favored times in terms of increasing the viability, mRNA expression of growth factors and cellular attachment in MC3T3-E1 cells.
Collapse
|
15
|
Koch M, Burkovski A, Zulla M, Rosiwal S, Geißdörfer W, Dittmar R, Grobecker-Karl T. Pilot Study on the Use of a Laser-Structured Double Diamond Electrode (DDE) for Biofilm Removal from Dental Implant Surfaces. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9093036. [PMID: 32967183 PMCID: PMC7565428 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9093036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
No proper treatment option for peri-implantitis exists yet. Based on previous studies showing the in vitro effectiveness of electrochemical disinfection using boron-doped diamond electrodes, novel double diamond electrodes (DDE) were tested here. Using a ceramic carrier and a laser structuring process, a clinically applicable electrode array was manufactured. Roughened metal discs (n = 24) made from Ti-Zr alloy were exposed to the oral cavities of six volunteers for 24 h in order to generate biofilm. Then, biofilm removal was carried out either using plastic curettes and chlorhexidine digluconate or electrochemical disinfection. In addition, dental implants were contaminated with ex vivo multispecies biofilm and disinfected using DDE treatment. Bacterial growth and the formation of biofilm polymer were determined as outcome measures. Chemo-mechanical treatment could not eliminate bacteria from roughened surfaces, while in most cases, a massive reduction of bacteria and biofilm polymer was observed following DDE treatment. Electrochemical disinfection was charge- and time-dependent and could also not reach complete disinfection in all instances. Implant threads had no negative effect on DDE treatment. Bacteria exhibit varying resistance to electrochemical disinfection with Bacillus subtilis, Neisseria sp., Rothiamucilaginosa, Staphylococcus haemolyticus, and Streptococcus mitis surviving 5 min of DDE application at 6 V. Electrochemical disinfection is promising but requires further optimization with respect to charge quantity and application time in order to achieve disinfection without harming host tissue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Koch
- Microbiology Division, Department of Biology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany;
| | - Andreas Burkovski
- Microbiology Division, Department of Biology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-91318528086
| | - Manuel Zulla
- Division of Ultra-Hard Coatings, Department of Material Sciences, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany;
| | - Stefan Rosiwal
- Chair of Materials Science and Engineering for Metals, Department of Material Sciences, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany;
| | - Walter Geißdörfer
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany;
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
The Emerging Role of Cold Atmospheric Plasma in Implantology: A Review of the Literature. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10081505. [PMID: 32751895 PMCID: PMC7466481 DOI: 10.3390/nano10081505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) technologies have received increasing attention in the field of biomedical applications. The aim of this article is to review the currently available literature to provide an overview of the scientific principles of CAP application, its features, functions, and its applications in systemic and oral diseases, with a specific focus on its potential in implantology. In this narrative review, PubMed, Medline, and Scopus databases were searched using key words like “cold atmospheric plasma”, “argon plasma”, “helium plasma”, “air plasma”, “dental implants”, “implantology”, “peri-implantitis”, “decontamination”. In vitro studies demonstrated CAP’s potential to enhance surface colonization and osteoblast activity and to accelerate mineralization, as well as to determine a clean surface with cell growth comparable to the sterile control on both titanium and zirconia surfaces. The effect of CAP on biofilm removal was revealed in comparative studies to the currently available decontamination modalities (laser, air abrasion, and chlorhexidine). The combination of mechanical treatments and CAP resulted in synergistic antimicrobial effects and surface improvement, indicating that it may play a central role in surface “rejuvenation” and offer a novel approach for the treatment of peri-implantitis. It is noteworthy that the CAP conditioning of implant surfaces leads to an improvement in osseointegration in in vivo animal studies. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first review of the literature providing a summary of the current state of the art of this emerging field in implantology and it could represent a point of reference for basic researchers and clinicians interested in approaching and testing new technologies.
Collapse
|
17
|
Lingenfelder C, Kampmeier J, Russ D, Wittig R, Diener C, Werner JU. [Depth Effect of Cold Atmospheric Pressure Plasma in Keratitis Therapy: A Corneal Stroma Tissue Model]. Klin Monbl Augenheilkd 2020; 237:1087-1092. [PMID: 32434228 DOI: 10.1055/a-1142-6442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of microbial keratitis has been increasing and is now 28 cases/100,000 inhabitants; this may be due to the more frequent use of contact lenses. Keratitis can lead to visual impairment and in severe cases with endophthalmitis to enucleation of the affected eye. As microorganisms are becoming more resistant to antibiotic therapy, there is a need for new therapeutic strategies. Cold atmospheric pressure plasma has already been successfully used to disinfect surfaces. This study investigates the efficacy of cold atmospheric pressure plasma against Escherichia coli in a depth-resolved corneal stroma tissue model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Detlef Russ
- Institut für Lasertechnologien in der Medizin und Messtechnik an der Universität Ulm
| | - Rainer Wittig
- Institut für Lasertechnologien in der Medizin und Messtechnik an der Universität Ulm
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Ambrico PF, Šimek M, Rotolo C, Morano M, Minafra A, Ambrico M, Pollastro S, Gerin D, Faretra F, De Miccolis Angelini RM. Surface Dielectric Barrier Discharge plasma: a suitable measure against fungal plant pathogens. Sci Rep 2020; 10:3673. [PMID: 32111863 PMCID: PMC7048822 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-60461-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Fungal diseases seriously affect agricultural production and the food industry. Crop protection is usually achieved by synthetic fungicides, therefore more sustainable and innovative technologies are increasingly required. The atmospheric pressure low-temperature plasma is a novel suitable measure. We report on the effect of plasma treatment on phytopathogenic fungi causing quantitative and qualitative losses of products both in the field and postharvest. We focus our attention on the in vitro direct inhibitory effect of non-contact Surface Dielectric Barrier Discharge on conidia germination of Botrytis cinerea, Monilinia fructicola, Aspergillus carbonarius and Alternaria alternata. A few minutes of treatment was required to completely inactivate the fungi on an artificial medium. Morphological analysis of spores by Scanning Electron Microscopy suggests that the main mechanism is plasma etching due to Reactive Oxygen Species or UV radiation. Spectroscopic analysis of plasma generated in humid air gives the hint that the rotational temperature of gas should not play a relevant role being very close to room temperature. In vivo experiments on artificially inoculated cherry fruits demonstrated that inactivation of fungal spores by the direct inhibitory effect of plasma extend their shelf life. Pre-treatment of fruits before inoculation improve the resistance to infections maybe by activating defense responses in plant tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paolo F Ambrico
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto per la Scienza e la Tecnologia dei Plasmi, via Amendola 122/D, 70126, Bari, Italy.
| | - Milan Šimek
- Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Institute of Plasma Physics v.v.i., Department of Pulse Plasma Systems, Za Slovankou 1782/3, 18200, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Caterina Rotolo
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari ALDO MORO, via G. Amendola 165/A, 70126, Bari, Italy
| | - Massimo Morano
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari ALDO MORO, via G. Amendola 165/A, 70126, Bari, Italy
| | - Angelantonio Minafra
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante, via Amendola 122/D, 70126, Bari, Italy
| | - Marianna Ambrico
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto per la Scienza e la Tecnologia dei Plasmi, via Amendola 122/D, 70126, Bari, Italy
| | - Stefania Pollastro
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari ALDO MORO, via G. Amendola 165/A, 70126, Bari, Italy
| | - Donato Gerin
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari ALDO MORO, via G. Amendola 165/A, 70126, Bari, Italy
| | - Francesco Faretra
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari ALDO MORO, via G. Amendola 165/A, 70126, Bari, Italy.
| | - Rita M De Miccolis Angelini
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari ALDO MORO, via G. Amendola 165/A, 70126, Bari, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Electrochemical Disinfection of Dental Implants Experimentally Contaminated with Microorganisms as a Model for Periimplantitis. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9020475. [PMID: 32050444 PMCID: PMC7074531 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9020475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite several methods having been described for disinfecting implants affected by periimplantitis, none of these are universally effective and may even alter surfaces and mechanical properties of implants. Boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrodes were fabricated from niobium wires and assembled as a single instrument for implant cleaning. Chemo-mechanical debridement and air abrasion were used as control methods. Different mono-species biofilms, formed by bacteria and yeasts, were allowed to develop in rich medium at 37 °C for three days. In addition, natural multi-species biofilms were treated. Implants were placed in silicone, polyurethane foam and bovine ribs for simulating different clinical conditions. Following treatment, the implants were rolled on blood agar plates, which were subsequently incubated at 37 °C and microbial growth was analyzed. Complete electrochemical disinfection of implant surfaces was achieved with a maximum treatment time of 20 min for Candida albicans, Candida dubliniensis, Enterococcus faecalis, Roseomonas mucosa, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Streptococcus sanguinis, while in case of spore-forming Bacillus pumilus and Bacillus subtilis, a number of colonies appeared after BDD electrode treatment indicating an incomplete disinfection. Independent of the species tested, complete disinfection was never achieved when conventional techniques were used. During treatment with BDD electrodes, only minor changes in temperature and pH value were observed. The instrument used here requires optimization so that higher charge quantities can be applied in shorter treatment times.
Collapse
|
20
|
Göltz M, Koch M, Detsch R, Karl M, Burkovski A, Rosiwal S. Influence of In-Situ Electrochemical Oxidation on Implant Surface and Colonizing Microorganisms Evaluated by Scanning Electron Microscopy. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 12:E3977. [PMID: 31801251 PMCID: PMC6926823 DOI: 10.3390/ma12233977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Peri-implantitis is a worldwide increasing health problem, caused by infection of tissue and bone around an implant by biofilm-forming microorganisms. Effects of peri-implantitis treatment using mechanical debridement, air particle abrasion and electrochemical disinfection on implant surface integrity were compared. Dental implants covered with bacterial biofilm were cleaned using mechanical debridement and air particle abrasion. In addition, implants were disinfected using a novel electrochemical technique based on an array of boron-doped diamond (BDD) coated electrodes. Following treatment and preparation, the implants were inspected by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). Mechanical debridement led to changes in surface topography destroying the manufacturer's medium-rough surface by scratch formation. Air particle abrasion led to accumulation of the abrasive used on the implant surface. With both treatment options, appearance of bacteria and yeasts was not affected. In contrast, electrochemical disinfection did not cause alterations of the implant surface but resulted in distorted microbial cells. Electrochemical disinfection of implant surfaces using BDD electrodes may constitute a promising treatment option for cleaning dental implant surfaces without negatively affecting materials and surface properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Göltz
- Division of Ultra-Hard Coatings, Department of Material Sciences, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany; (M.G.); (S.R.)
| | - Maximilian Koch
- Microbiology Division, Department of Biology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany; (M.K.); (A.B.)
| | - Rainer Detsch
- Institute of Biomaterials, Department of Material Sciences, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany;
| | - Matthias Karl
- Department of Prosthodontics, Saarland University, 66424 Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Andreas Burkovski
- Microbiology Division, Department of Biology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany; (M.K.); (A.B.)
| | - Stefan Rosiwal
- Division of Ultra-Hard Coatings, Department of Material Sciences, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany; (M.G.); (S.R.)
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Antibacterial efficacy of cold atmospheric plasma against Enterococcus faecalis planktonic cultures and biofilms in vitro. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0223925. [PMID: 31770390 PMCID: PMC6879142 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0223925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nosocomial infections have become a serious threat in our times and are getting more difficult to handle due to increasing development of resistances in bacteria. In this light, cold atmospheric plasma (CAP), which is known to effectively inactivate microorganisms, may be a promising alternative for application in the fields of dentistry and dermatology. CAPs are partly ionised gases, which operate at low temperature and are composed of electrons, ions, excited atoms and molecules, reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. In this study, the effect of CAP generated from ambient air was investigated against Enterococcus faecalis, grown on agar plates or as biofilms cultured for up to 72 h. CAP reduced the colony forming units (CFU) on agar plates by > 7 log10 steps. Treatment of 24 h old biofilms of E. faecalis resulted in CFU-reductions by ≥ 3 log10 steps after CAP treatment for 5 min and by ≥ 5 log10 steps after CAP treatment for 10 min. In biofilm experiments, chlorhexidine (CHX) and UVC radiation served as positive controls and were only slightly more effective than CAP. There was no damage of cytoplasmic membranes upon CAP treatment as shown by spectrometric measurements for release of nucleic acids. Thus, membrane damage seems not to be the primary mechanism of action for CAP towards E. faecalis. Overall, CAP showed pronounced antimicrobial efficacy against E. faecalis on agar plates as well as in biofilms similar to positive controls CHX or UVC.
Collapse
|
22
|
Jiao Y, Tay FR, Niu LN, Chen JH. Advancing antimicrobial strategies for managing oral biofilm infections. Int J Oral Sci 2019; 11:28. [PMID: 31570700 PMCID: PMC6802668 DOI: 10.1038/s41368-019-0062-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Effective control of oral biofilm infectious diseases represents a major global challenge. Microorganisms in biofilms exhibit increased drug tolerance compared with planktonic cells. The present review covers innovative antimicrobial strategies for controlling oral biofilm-related infections published predominantly over the past 5 years. Antimicrobial dental materials based on antimicrobial agent release, contact-killing and multi-functional strategies have been designed and synthesized for the prevention of initial bacterial attachment and subsequent biofilm formation on the tooth and material surface. Among the therapeutic approaches for managing biofilms in clinical practice, antimicrobial photodynamic therapy has emerged as an alternative to antimicrobial regimes and mechanical removal of biofilms, and cold atmospheric plasma shows significant advantages over conventional antimicrobial approaches. Nevertheless, more preclinical studies and appropriately designed and well-structured multi-center clinical trials are critically needed to obtain reliable comparative data. The acquired information will be helpful in identifying the most effective antibacterial solutions and the most optimal circumstances to utilize these strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Jiao
- Department of Stomatology, the 7th Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, PR China
| | - Franklin R Tay
- Department of Endodontics, the Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Li-Na Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, PR China.
| | - Ji-Hua Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Güers P, Wille S, Strunskus T, Polonskyi O, Kern M. Durability of resin bonding to zirconia ceramic after contamination and the use of various cleaning methods. Dent Mater 2019; 35:1388-1396. [PMID: 31447058 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2019.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of the study was to evaluate the influence of contamination and different cleaning methods on the tensile bond strength with a phosphate monomer containing luting resin to zirconia ceramic. METHODS After the contamination with saliva or silicone disclosing agent, 228 polished and airborne-particle abraded zirconia discs were ultrasonically cleaned with 99% isopropanol. In a second step, the specimens were either treated with argon-oxygen plasma, air plasma, enzymatic cleaning agent or did not undergo an additional cleaning process. Uncontaminated zirconia specimens were used as the control group. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was used for chemical analysis of the bonding surfaces of specimens. Plexiglas tubes filled with composite resin were bonded to zirconia specimens with a phosphate monomer containing luting resin. Tensile bond strength (TBS) was tested after 3 days or 150 days water storage with 37,500 thermal cycles. RESULTS XPS revealed a decrease of the carbon/oxygen ratio after plasma treatment and an increase after treatment with an enzymatic cleaning agent in all groups. All contaminated specimens showed high and durable TBS after cleaning with a combination of isopropanol and a non-thermal atmospheric plasma. After the cleaning with enzymatic cleaning agent the TBS was significantly reduced in all groups after 150 days thermal cycling. SIGNIFICANCE The combination of isopropanol and plasma cleaning was effective in removing salvia and disclosing agent contamination. Enzymatic clearing agent was not able to remove contamination effectively and had a negative impact on the TBS of non-contaminated specimens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Güers
- Department of Prosthodontics, Propaedeutics and Dental Materials, School of Dentistry, Christian-Albrechts University at Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Str. 16, 24105 Kiel, Germany.
| | - Sebastian Wille
- Department of Prosthodontics, Propaedeutics and Dental Materials, School of Dentistry, Christian-Albrechts University at Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Str. 16, 24105 Kiel, Germany.
| | - Thomas Strunskus
- Institute for Materials Science, Faculty of Engineering, Christian-Albrechts University at Kiel, Kaiserstr. 2, 24143 Kiel, Germany.
| | - Oleksandr Polonskyi
- Institute for Materials Science, Faculty of Engineering, Christian-Albrechts University at Kiel, Kaiserstr. 2, 24143 Kiel, Germany.
| | - Matthias Kern
- Department of Prosthodontics, Propaedeutics and Dental Materials, School of Dentistry, Christian-Albrechts University at Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Str. 16, 24105 Kiel, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Imiolczyk SM, Hertel M, Hase I, Paris S, Blunck U, Hartwig S, Preissner S. The Influence of Cold Atmospheric Plasma Irradiation on the Adhesive Bond Strength in Non-Demineralized and Demineralized Human Dentin: An In Vitro Study. Open Dent J 2018. [DOI: 10.2174/1874210601812010960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose:
While aiming at the use of Cold Atmospheric Plasmas (CAPs) in restorative dentistry, the present study intended to assess if plasma irradiation increases the Tensile Bond Strength (TBS) in non-demineralized and demineralized dentin.
Materials and Methods:
Forty-eight human dentin samples were assigned to three different treatment modalities: I: Plasma jet irradiation (CAP I); II: Dielectric barrier discharge plasma treatment (CAP II); and III: No plasma (control). In each group, half of the specimens had previously been demineralized. A fourth generation of adhesive and dental composite was applied to all of the samples. The testing of the TBS was performed after artificial aging.
Results:
In the non-demineralized dentin, the mean TBS values were significantly higher after using CAP II (16.95 MPa) than in the control samples (4.2 MPa; p = 0.001). Significantly higher TBS values were also obtained after irradiating the demineralized dentin with CAP I and CAP II (11.68 and 4.6 MPa) when compared to the control samples (0 MPa; p = 0.003 and 0.038). The differences between both of the plasma sources were only slightly significant (p = 0.05).
Conclusion:
CAPs can potentially enhance the adhesive/dentin interfacial bonding strength, whereby the underlying effects seem to depend on the type of plasma source and the degree of dentinal (de-) mineralization. In the non-demineralized dentin, after a complete caries excavation, dielectric barrier discharge devices might be favorable over the plasma jets, in order to improve the adhesive/dentin interfacial bonding. In contrast, the plasma jets could be more effective in the demineralized dentin after an incomplete caries excavation.
Collapse
|
25
|
Al-Hashedi AA, Laurenti M, Amine Mezour M, Basiri T, Touazine H, Jahazi M, Tamimi F. Advanced inorganic nanocomposite for decontaminating titanium dental implants. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2018; 107:761-772. [PMID: 30194897 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.34170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Revised: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Oral hygiene and regular maintenance are crucial for preserving good peri-implant health. However, available prophylaxis products and toothpastes, which are optimized for cleaning teeth, tend to contaminate and abrade implant surfaces due to their organic components and silica microparticles, respectively. This study aims to develop an organic-free implant-paste based on two-dimensional nanocrystalline magnesium phosphate gel and hydrated silica nanoparticles (20-30% w/w) for cleaning oral biofilm on titanium dental implants. The surface chemistry, morphology, and bacterial load of contaminated Ti disks before and after decontamination using prophylaxis brushing with toothpaste and implant-paste were characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy, and fluorescence spectroscopy. Both commercial toothpastes and implant-paste remove bacteria, however, only implant-paste protects Ti metal from abrasion and removes organic contaminants. XPS showed a significant decrease of carbon contamination from 73% ± 2 to 20% ± 2 after mechanical brushing with implant-paste compared to 41% ± 11 when brushing with commercial toothpastes (p < 0.05). Fluorescence microscopy revealed that bacteria load on biofilm contaminated Ti (44 × 103 ± 27 × 103 /µm2 ) was significantly reduced with the implant-paste to 2 × 103 ± 1 × 102 /µm2 and with a commercial toothpaste to 2.9 × 103 ± 7·102 /µm2 . This decay is relatively higher than the removal achieved using rotary prophylaxis brush alone (5 × 103 ± 1 × 103 /µm2 , p < 0.05). Accordingly, this novel implant-paste shows a great promise as an efficient decontamination approach. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Biomed. Mater. Res. Part B, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 107B: 761-772, 2019.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashwaq A Al-Hashedi
- Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Sana'a University, Sana'a, Yemen
| | - Marco Laurenti
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Tayebeh Basiri
- Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Heithem Touazine
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, École de Technologie Supérieure, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mohamed Jahazi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, École de Technologie Supérieure, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Faleh Tamimi
- Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Vasilieva T, Hein AM, Vargin A, Kudasova E, Kochurova E, Nekludova M. The effect of polymeric denture modified in low-temperature glow discharge on human oral mucosa: Clinical case. CLINICAL PLASMA MEDICINE 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cpme.2017.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
27
|
Human health risk evaluation of a microwave-driven atmospheric plasma jet as medical device. CLINICAL PLASMA MEDICINE 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cpme.2017.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
28
|
Borchardt T, Ernst J, Helmke A, Tanyeli M, Schilling AF, Felmerer G, Viöl W. Effect of direct cold atmospheric plasma (diCAP) on microcirculation of intact skin in a controlled mechanical environment. Microcirculation 2017; 24:e12399. [PMID: 28857373 PMCID: PMC6084368 DOI: 10.1111/micc.12399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The microcirculatory response of intact human skin to exposure with diCAP for different durations with a focus on the effect of implied mechanical pressure during plasma treatment was investigated. METHODS Local relative hemoglobin, blood flow velocity, tissue oxygen saturation, and blood flow were monitored noninvasively for up to 1 hour in 1-2 mm depth by optical techniques, as well as temperature, pH values, and moisture before and after skin stimulation. The experimental protocol (N = 10) was set up to differentiate between pressure- and plasma-induced effects. RESULTS Significant increases in microcirculation were only observed after plasma stimulation but not after pressure stimulus alone. For a period of 1 h after stimulation, local relative hemoglobin was increased by 5.1% after 270 seconds diCAP treatment. Tissue oxygen saturation increased by up to 9.4%, whereas blood flow was doubled (+106%). Skin pH decreased by 0.3 after 180 seconds and 270 seconds diCAP treatment, whereas skin temperature and moisture were not affected. CONCLUSIONS diCAP treatment of intact skin notably enhances microcirculation for a therapeutically relevant period. This effect is specific to the plasma treatment and not an effect of the applied pressure. Prolonged treatment durations lead to more pronounced effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Borchardt
- Department of Sciences and TechnologyUniversity of Applied Sciences and ArtsGoettingenGermany
| | - Jennifer Ernst
- Division of Plastic SurgeryDepartment of Trauma Surgery, Orthopaedics and Plastic SurgeryUniversity Medical Center GoettingenGeorg‐August‐UniversityGoettingenGermany
| | - Andreas Helmke
- Application Center for Plasma and PhotonicFraunhofer Institute for Surface Engineering and Thin Films ISTGoettingenGermany
| | - Murat Tanyeli
- Division of Plastic SurgeryDepartment of Trauma Surgery, Orthopaedics and Plastic SurgeryUniversity Medical Center GoettingenGeorg‐August‐UniversityGoettingenGermany
| | - Arndt F. Schilling
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Orthopaedics and Plastic SurgeryUniversity Medical Center GoettingenGeorg‐August‐UniversityGoettingenGermany
| | - Gunther Felmerer
- Division of Plastic SurgeryDepartment of Trauma Surgery, Orthopaedics and Plastic SurgeryUniversity Medical Center GoettingenGeorg‐August‐UniversityGoettingenGermany
| | - Wolfgang Viöl
- Department of Sciences and TechnologyUniversity of Applied Sciences and ArtsGoettingenGermany,Application Center for Plasma and PhotonicFraunhofer Institute for Surface Engineering and Thin Films ISTGoettingenGermany
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Sterilization of Biofilm on a Titanium Surface Using a Combination of Nonthermal Plasma and Chlorhexidine Digluconate. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:6085741. [PMID: 29057263 PMCID: PMC5625801 DOI: 10.1155/2017/6085741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Nosocomial infections caused by opportunistic bacteria pose major healthcare problem worldwide. Out of the many microorganisms responsible for such infections, Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a ubiquitous bacterium that accounts for 10-20% of hospital-acquired infections. These infections have mortality rates ranging from 18 to 60% and the cost of treatment ranges from $20,000 to $80,000 per infection. The formation of biofilms on medical devices and implants is responsible for the majority of those infections. Only limited progress has been made to prevent this issue in a safe and cost-effective manner. To address this, we propose employing jet plasma to break down and inactivate biofilms in vitro. Moreover, to improve the antimicrobial effect on the biofilm, a treatment method using a combination of jet plasma and a biocide known as chlorhexidine (CHX) digluconate was investigated. We found that complete sterilization of P. aeruginosa biofilms can be achieved after combinatorial treatment using plasma and CHX. A decrease in biofilm viability was also observed using confocal laser scanning electron microscopy (CLSM). This treatment method sterilized biofilm-contaminated surfaces in a short treatment time, indicating it to be a potential tool for the removal of biofilms present on medical devices and implants.
Collapse
|
30
|
Seo SH, Han I, Lee HS, Choi JJ, Choi EH, Kim KN, Park G, Kim KM. Antibacterial activity and effect on gingival cells of microwave-pulsed non-thermal atmospheric pressure plasma in artificial saliva. Sci Rep 2017; 7:8395. [PMID: 28827766 PMCID: PMC5567204 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-08725-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Although various oral pathogens are inactivated by non-thermal atmospheric pressure plasma (NTAPP), the in vivo effects of NTAPP are poorly understood. The first aim of this study was to examine the antibacterial activity of microwave-pulsed NTAPP against Staphylococcus aureus in artificial saliva to mimic oral environmental conditions. The second aim was to determine the influence of microwave-pulsed NTAPP on human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs). The microwave-pulsed NTAPP reduced bacterial viability (as measured by colony forming units [CFU]) to a greater extent in artificial saliva than in saline. Extending the post-treatment incubation time increased bacterial inactivation in artificial saliva compared to saline. HGFs viability was unaffected by microwave-pulsed NTAPP for bacterial inactivation. Rather, HGFs proliferation increased after a 5-min microwave-pulsed NTAPP. Less tumor necrosis factor alpha was released by microwave-pulsed NTAPP-treated HGFs stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) than by untreated, LPS-stimulated HGFs; thus, plasma appeared to suppress the inflammatory response. Our study suggests that microwave-pulsed NTAPP may have stronger in vivo antibacterial activity than in vitro activity, and that microwave-pulsed NTAPP may have the additional advantage of suppressing gingival inflammatory responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Hee Seo
- Department and Research Institute of Dental Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, 03722, Korea.,BK21 PLUS Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Ihn Han
- Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Kwangwoon University, Seoul, 01897, Korea
| | - Han Seol Lee
- Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Kwangwoon University, Seoul, 01897, Korea
| | - Jin Joo Choi
- Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Kwangwoon University, Seoul, 01897, Korea
| | - Eun Ha Choi
- Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Kwangwoon University, Seoul, 01897, Korea
| | - Kyoung-Nam Kim
- Department and Research Institute of Dental Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, 03722, Korea.,BK21 PLUS Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Gyungsoon Park
- Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Kwangwoon University, Seoul, 01897, Korea.
| | - Kwang-Mahn Kim
- Department and Research Institute of Dental Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, 03722, Korea. .,BK21 PLUS Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, 03722, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Matthes R, Duske K, Kebede TG, Pink C, Schlüter R, von Woedtke T, Weltmann KD, Kocher T, Jablonowski L. Osteoblast growth, after cleaning of biofilm-covered titanium discs with air-polishing and cold plasma. J Clin Periodontol 2017; 44:672-680. [PMID: 28303583 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.12720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the effects of a combined biofilm removal with an optimized air polishing and a cold plasma device on cells in vitro. MATERIALS AND METHODS A 7-day-old biofilm was removed from rough titanium discs with an air-polishing device with erythritol powder (AP) or with a cold atmospheric pressure argon plasma (CAP) device or in combination of both (AP + CAP). The removal efficacy was evaluated by subsequent cell seeding of osteoblast-like cells (MG-63). The cell spreading was analysed after 5 days of incubation by scanning electron microscopy. Separately, the surface hydrophilicity was analysed by measuring the water contact angle (WCA) of the disc for each treatment method. RESULTS The mechanical plaque removal with AP rendered specimen conducive for cell growth, 85% of the surface was covered with cells. An advantage of the combination of AP + CAP was not detectable compared to AP (cell coverage ranged from 57% up to 75%). After sole CAP treatment, microorganisms re-grew and destroyed all cells. The WCA was reduced by all treatment methods. CONCLUSION An AP treatment has the potential to remove biofilm from rough implant surfaces completely. In contrast to our hypothesis, the combination of plasma and AP treatment did not enhance osteoblast spreading.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rutger Matthes
- Unit of Periodontology, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Periodontology, Endodontology, Preventive Dentistry and Pedodontics, Dental School, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Kathrin Duske
- Department of Cell Biology, University Medical Centre of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Tewodros Getachew Kebede
- Unit of Periodontology, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Periodontology, Endodontology, Preventive Dentistry and Pedodontics, Dental School, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Christiane Pink
- Unit of Periodontology, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Periodontology, Endodontology, Preventive Dentistry and Pedodontics, Dental School, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Rabea Schlüter
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Thomas von Woedtke
- Leibniz-Institute for Plasma Science and Technology e.V., Greifswald, Germany.,Department of Hygiene and Environmental Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | | | - Thomas Kocher
- Unit of Periodontology, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Periodontology, Endodontology, Preventive Dentistry and Pedodontics, Dental School, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Lukasz Jablonowski
- Unit of Periodontology, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Periodontology, Endodontology, Preventive Dentistry and Pedodontics, Dental School, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.,Leibniz-Institute for Plasma Science and Technology e.V., Greifswald, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Jablonowski L, Fricke K, Matthes R, Holtfreter B, Schlüter R, von Woedtke T, Weltmann KD, Kocher T. Removal of naturally grown human biofilm with an atmospheric pressure plasma jet: An in-vitro study. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2017; 10:718-726. [PMID: 27539641 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201600166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Revised: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The removal of biofilm is a prerequisite for a successful treatment of biofilm-associated diseases. In this study, we compared the feasibility of an atmospheric pressure plasma device with a sonic powered brush to remove naturally grown supragingival biofilm from extracted teeth. Twenty-four periodontally hopeless teeth were extracted. Argon jet plasma with an oxygen admixture of 1 vol% and a sonically driven brush were used to remove biofilm with application times of 60 s, 180 s and 300 s. The treatment efficiency was assessed with light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The highest biofilm removal rate was observed after an application time of 180 s/300 s with the sonic brush (80.4%/86.2%), plasma (75.5%/89.0%). These observations were confirmed by SEM. According to XPS analysis, plasma treatment decreased the amount of carbon and nitrogen, indicative of an extensive removal of proteins. Plasma treatment of naturally grown biofilm resulted in an effective cleaning of the tooth surface and was comparable to mechanical treatment. Treatment time had a significant influence on plaque reduction. These results showed that plasma could be a useful adjuvant treatment modality in cases where biofilm removal or reduction plays a decisive role, such as periodontitis and peri-implantitis. Plasma-treated biofilm on an extracted tooth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lukasz Jablonowski
- Unit of Periodontology, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Periodontology, Endodontology, Preventive Dentistry and Pedodontics, Dental School, University Medicine Greifswald, Germany
- Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology e.V. (INP Greifswald), Greifswald, Germany
| | - Katja Fricke
- Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology e.V. (INP Greifswald), Greifswald, Germany
| | - Rutger Matthes
- Unit of Periodontology, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Periodontology, Endodontology, Preventive Dentistry and Pedodontics, Dental School, University Medicine Greifswald, Germany
- Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology e.V. (INP Greifswald), Greifswald, Germany
| | - Birte Holtfreter
- Unit of Periodontology, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Periodontology, Endodontology, Preventive Dentistry and Pedodontics, Dental School, University Medicine Greifswald, Germany
| | - Rabea Schlüter
- Institute of Microbiology, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University Greifswald, Germany
| | - Thomas von Woedtke
- Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology e.V. (INP Greifswald), Greifswald, Germany
| | - Klaus-Dieter Weltmann
- Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology e.V. (INP Greifswald), Greifswald, Germany
| | - Thomas Kocher
- Unit of Periodontology, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Periodontology, Endodontology, Preventive Dentistry and Pedodontics, Dental School, University Medicine Greifswald, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Dostie S, Alkadi LT, Owen G, Bi J, Shen Y, Haapasalo M, Larjava HS. Chemotherapeutic decontamination of dental implants colonized by mature multispecies oral biofilm. J Clin Periodontol 2017; 44:403-409. [DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.12699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastien Dostie
- Faculty of Dentistry; Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences; University of British Columbia; Vancouver BC Canada
- Canadian Armed Forces; Petawawa ON Canada
| | - Lubna T. Alkadi
- Faculty of Dentistry; Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences; University of British Columbia; Vancouver BC Canada
- Department of Dentistry; College of Dentistry; King Abdulaziz Medical City; King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences; Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - Gethin Owen
- Faculty of Dentistry; Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences; University of British Columbia; Vancouver BC Canada
| | - Jiarui Bi
- Faculty of Dentistry; Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences; University of British Columbia; Vancouver BC Canada
| | - Ya Shen
- Faculty of Dentistry; Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences; University of British Columbia; Vancouver BC Canada
| | - Markus Haapasalo
- Faculty of Dentistry; Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences; University of British Columbia; Vancouver BC Canada
| | - Hannu S. Larjava
- Faculty of Dentistry; Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences; University of British Columbia; Vancouver BC Canada
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Adachi T. Introduction to serial reviews: Biomedical application of non-thermal atmospheric pressure plasma and its usefulness. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2017; 60:1-2. [PMID: 28163375 PMCID: PMC5281537 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.16-78] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuo Adachi
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutics, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-nishi, Gifu 501-1196, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Al-Hashedi AA, Laurenti M, Abdallah MN, Albuquerque RF, Tamimi F. Electrochemical Treatment of Contaminated Titanium Surfaces in Vitro: An Approach for Implant Surface Decontamination. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2016; 2:1504-1518. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.6b00265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ashwaq Ali Al-Hashedi
- Faculty
of Dentistry, McGill University, 3640 University Street, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0C7, Canada
- Department
of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Sana’a University, Wadi Dhaher Road, Sana’a, Yemen
| | - Marco Laurenti
- Department
of Physical Chemistry, Complutense University of Madrid, Avenida Séneca,
2, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Mohamed-Nur Abdallah
- Faculty
of Dentistry, McGill University, 3640 University Street, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0C7, Canada
| | - Rubens F. Albuquerque
- Faculty
of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, 253 Avenida Prof. Dr. Zeferino Vaz, 109 Vila Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Faleh Tamimi
- Faculty
of Dentistry, McGill University, 3640 University Street, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0C7, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Preissner S, Wirtz HC, Tietz AK, Abu-Sirhan S, Herbst SR, Hartwig S, Pierdzioch P, Schmidt-Westhausen AM, Dommisch H, Hertel M. Bactericidal efficacy of tissue tolerable plasma on microrough titanium dental implants: An in-vitro-study. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2016; 9:637-644. [PMID: 26349849 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201500189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Revised: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Surface decontamination remains challenging in peri-implant infection therapy. To investigate the bactericidal efficacy of tissue tolerable plasma, S. mitis biofilms were created in vitro on 32 microrough titanium dental implants. Biofilm imaging was performed by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The implants were either rinsed with 1% NaCl as negative control (C) or irradiated with a diode laser (DL) for 60 sec as positive control or plasma (TTP60, TTP120) for 60 or 120 sec. Subsequently, colony forming units (CFU) were counted. Post-treatment, implants were further examined using fluorescence microscopy (FM). Median CFU counts differed significantly between TTP60, TTP120 and C (2.19 and 2.2 vs. 3.29 log CFU/ml; p = 0.012 and 0.024). No significant difference was found between TTP60 and TTP120 (p = 0.958). Logarithmic reduction factors were (TTP60) 2.21, (TTP120) 1.93 and (DL) 0.59. Prior to treatment, CLSM and SEM detected adhering bacteria. Post-treatment FM recorded that the number of dead cells was higher using TTP compared to DL and C. In view of TTP's effectiveness, regardless of resistance patterns and absence of surface alteration, its use in peri-implant infection therapy is promising. The results encourage conducting clinical studies to investigate its impact on relevant parameters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saskia Preissner
- Department of Operative and Preventive Dentistry, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Aßmannshauser Str. 4-6, 14197, Berlin, Germany
| | - Henrik C Wirtz
- Department of Operative and Preventive Dentistry, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Aßmannshauser Str. 4-6, 14197, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anne-Kristin Tietz
- Department of Periodontology and Synoptic Dentistry, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Aßmannshauser Str. 4-6, 14197, Berlin, Germany
| | - Shady Abu-Sirhan
- Department of Operative and Preventive Dentistry, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Aßmannshauser Str. 4-6, 14197, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sascha R Herbst
- Department of Operative and Preventive Dentistry, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Aßmannshauser Str. 4-6, 14197, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan Hartwig
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery/Clinical Navigation, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Philipp Pierdzioch
- Department of Operative and Preventive Dentistry, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Aßmannshauser Str. 4-6, 14197, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andrea Maria Schmidt-Westhausen
- Department of Oral Medicine, Dental Radiology and Oral Surgery, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Aßmannshauser Str. 4-6, 14197, Berlin, Germany
| | - Henrik Dommisch
- Department of Periodontology and Synoptic Dentistry, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Aßmannshauser Str. 4-6, 14197, Berlin, Germany
| | - Moritz Hertel
- Department of Oral Medicine, Dental Radiology and Oral Surgery, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Aßmannshauser Str. 4-6, 14197, Berlin, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Atmospheric pressure nonthermal plasmas for bacterial biofilm prevention and eradication. Biointerphases 2015; 10:029404. [PMID: 25869456 DOI: 10.1116/1.4914382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Biofilms are three-dimensional structures formed by surface-attached microorganisms and their extracellular products. Biofilms formed by pathogenic microorganisms play an important role in human diseases. Higher resistance to antimicrobial agents and changes in microbial physiology make treating biofilm infections very complex. Atmospheric pressure nonthermal plasmas (NTPs) are a novel and powerful tool for antimicrobial treatment. The microbicidal activity of NTPs has an unspecific character due to the synergetic actions of bioactive components of the plasma torch, including charged particles, reactive species, and UV radiation. This review focuses on specific traits of biofilms, their role in human diseases, and those effects of NTP that are helpful for treating biofilm infections. The authors discuss NTP-based strategies for biofilm control, such as surface modifications to prevent bacterial adhesion, killing bacteria in biofilms, and biofilm destruction with NTPs. The unspecific character of microbicidal activity, proven polymer modification and destruction abilities, low toxicity for human tissues and absence of long-living toxic compounds make NTPs a very promising tool for biofilm prevention and control.
Collapse
|
38
|
Shi Q, Song K, Zhou X, Xiong Z, Du T, Lu X, Cao Y. Effects of non-equilibrium plasma in the treatment of ligature-induced peri-implantitis. J Clin Periodontol 2015; 42:478-87. [PMID: 25867215 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.12403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qi Shi
- Department of Stomatology; Tongji Hospital; Tongji Medical College; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan China
| | - Ke Song
- Department of Stomatology; Tongji Hospital; Tongji Medical College; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan China
| | - Xincai Zhou
- Department of Stomatology; Shenzhen Baoan Maternal and Child Health Hospital; Shenzhen China
| | - Zilan Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Engineering and Technology; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan China
| | - Tianfeng Du
- Department of Stomatology; Tongji Hospital; Tongji Medical College; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan China
| | - Xinpei Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Engineering and Technology; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan China
| | - Yingguang Cao
- Department of Stomatology; Tongji Hospital; Tongji Medical College; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan China
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Abstract
This review describes the contemporary aspects of plasma application in dentistry. Previous studies on plasma applications were classified into two categories, surface treatment and direct applications, and were reviewed, respectively according to the approach. The current review discussed modification of dental implant surface, enhancing of adhesive qualities, enhancing of polymerization, surface coating and plasma cleaning under the topics of surface treatment. Microbicidal activities, decontamination, root canal disinfection and tooth bleaching were reviewed as direct applications with other miscellaneous ones. Non-thermal atmospheric pressure plasma was of particular focus since it is gaining considerable attention due to the possibility for its use in living tissues. Future perspectives have also been discussed briefly. Although it is still not popular among dentists, plasma has shown promises in several areas of dentistry and is now opening a new era of plasma dentistry.
Collapse
|
40
|
Blumhagen A, Singh P, Mustapha A, Chen M, Wang Y, Yu Q. Plasma deactivation of oral bacteria seeded on hydroxyapatite disks as tooth enamel analogue. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF DENTISTRY 2014; 27:84-90. [PMID: 25000666 PMCID: PMC4090609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To study the plasma treatment effects on deactivation of oral bacteria seeded on a tooth enamel analogue. METHODS A non-thermal atmospheric pressure argon plasma brush was used to treat two different Gram-positive oral bacteria including Lactobacillus acidophilus (L. acidophilus) and Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans). The bacteria were seeded on hydroxyapatite (HA) disks used as tooth enamel analogue with three initial bacterial seeding concentrations: a low inoculum concentration between 2.1 x 10(8) and 2.4 x 10(8) cfu/mL, a medium inoculum concentration between 9.8x10(8) and 2.4 x 10(9) cfu/mL, and a high inoculum concentration between 1.7 x 10(10) and 3.5 x 10(10) cfu/mL. The bacterial survivability upon plasma exposure was examined in terms of plasma exposure time and oxygen addition into the plasmas. SEM was performed to examine bacterial morphological changes after plasma exposure. RESULTS The experimental data indicated that a 13-second plasma exposure time completely killed all the bacteria when initial bacterial seeding density on HA surfaces was less than 6.9 x 10(6) cfu/cm2 for L. acidophilus and 1.7 x 10(7) cfu/cm2 for S. mutans, which resulted from low initial seeding inoculum concentration between 2.1 x 10(8) and 2.4 x 10(8) cfu/mL. Plasma exposure of the bacteria at higher initial bacterial seeding density obtained with high initial seeding inoculum concentration, however, only resulted in approximately 1.5 to 2 log reduction and approximately 2 to 2.5 log reduction for L. acidophilus and S. mutans, respectively. It was also noted that oxygen addition into the argon plasma brush did not affect the plasma deactivation effectiveness. SEM images showed that plasma deactivation mainly occurred with the top layer bacteria, while shadowing effects from the resulting bacterial debris reduced the plasma deactivation of the underlying bacteria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adam Blumhagen
- Center for Surface Science and Plasma Technology, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Prashant Singh
- Department of Food Science, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Azlin Mustapha
- Department of Food Science, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Meng Chen
- Nanova, Inc., Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Yong Wang
- Center for Research on Interfacial Structure & Properties, School of Dentistry, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
| | - Qingsong Yu
- Center for Surface Science and Plasma Technology, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Park JB, Koh M, Jang YJ, Choi BK, Kim KK, Ko Y. Removing bacteria from rough surface titanium discs with chlorhexidine and additional brushing with dentifrice. Gerodontology 2014; 33:28-35. [PMID: 24417576 DOI: 10.1111/ger.12106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This in vitro study was conducted: (i) to evaluate the effect of using cotton pellets soaked with chlorhexidine (CHX) on titanium surface roughness; (ii) to assess the removal of Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) from resorbable blast material (RBM) titanium surfaces using CHX pellets; and (iii) to evaluate the effects of additional brushing on bacterial removal efficiency. MATERIALS AND METHODS RBM titanium discs were treated with CHX-soaked cotton pellets, and change in surface roughness was measured using confocal microscopy. After the titanium discs were incubated with P. gingivalis for 2 days, the discs were cleaned with CHX pellets for 40 s. The quantity of remaining adherent bacteria was measured using crystal violet assay. Additional brushing was performed with dentifrice for a total of 40 s, and bacterial removal efficiency with brushing and dentifrice was evaluated using crystal violet assay and scanning electron microscopy. RESULTS The changes in surface roughness after treatment were observed by confocal microscopy. Statistically significant decrease in surface roughness was seen in CHX 40-s group (p < 0.05). Cleaning with CHX-soaked pellets resulted in significant decrease in remaining adherent bacteria. Brushing the bacteria-incubated discs with dentifrice reduced adhering bacteria. There were fewer bacteria left on the CHX-pre-treated discs compared with the brushing-only group, but there were no significant differences when compared with the brushing-only group (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS This study clearly showed that burnishing with CHX influenced the RBM titanium surface, and burnishing with CHX pellets and brushing with dentifrice were efficient in removing bacteria from the contaminated titanium surface.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Beom Park
- Department of Periodontics, Seoul St Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Minchul Koh
- Graduate School of Clinical Dental Science, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yun-Ji Jang
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bong-Kyu Choi
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kack-Kyun Kim
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Youngkyung Ko
- Department of Periodontics, Seoul St Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Netuschil L, Auschill TM, Sculean A, Arweiler NB. Confusion over live/dead stainings for the detection of vital microorganisms in oral biofilms--which stain is suitable? BMC Oral Health 2014; 14:2. [PMID: 24410850 PMCID: PMC3898065 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6831-14-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2013] [Accepted: 12/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is confusion over the definition of the term "viability state(s)" of microorganisms. "Viability staining" or "vital staining techniques" are used to distinguish live from dead bacteria. These stainings, first established on planctonic bacteria, may have serious shortcomings when applied to multispecies biofilms. Results of staining techniques should be compared with appropriate microbiological data. DISCUSSION Many terms describe "vitality states" of microorganisms, however, several of them are misleading. Authors define "viable" as "capable to grow". Accordingly, staining methods are substitutes, since no staining can prove viability.The reliability of a commercial "viability" staining assay (Molecular Probes) is discussed based on the corresponding product information sheet: (I) Staining principle; (II) Concentrations of bacteria; (III) Calculation of live/dead proportions in vitro. Results of the "viability" kit are dependent on the stains' concentration and on their relation to the number of bacteria in the test. Generally this staining system is not suitable for multispecies biofilms, thus incorrect statements have been published by users of this technique.To compare the results of the staining with bacterial parameters appropriate techniques should be selected. The assessment of Colony Forming Units is insufficient, rather the calculation of Plating Efficiency is necessary. Vital fluorescence staining with Fluorescein Diacetate and Ethidium Bromide seems to be the best proven and suitable method in biofilm research.Regarding the mutagenicity of staining components users should be aware that not only Ethidium Bromide might be harmful, but also a variety of other substances of which the toxicity and mutagenicity is not reported. SUMMARY - The nomenclature regarding "viability" and "vitality" should be used carefully.- The manual of the commercial "viability" kit itself points out that the kit is not suitable for natural multispecies biofilm research, as supported by an array of literature.- Results obtained with various stains are influenced by the relationship between bacterial counts and the amount of stain used in the test. Corresponding vitality data are prone to artificial shifting.- As microbiological parameter the Plating Efficiency should be used for comparison.- Ethidium Bromide is mutagenic. Researchers should be aware that alternative staining compounds may also be or even are mutagenic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lutz Netuschil
- Department of Periodontology, Dental School, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Tseng WY, Hsu SH, Huang CH, Tu YC, Tseng SC, Chen HL, Chen MH, Su WF, Lin LD. Low pressure radio-frequency oxygen plasma induced oxidation of titanium--surface characteristics and biological effects. PLoS One 2014; 8:e84898. [PMID: 24386433 PMCID: PMC3873422 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0084898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2013] [Accepted: 11/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This research was designed to investigate the effects of low pressure radio-frequency (RF) oxygen plasma treatment (OPT) on the surface of commercially pure titanium (CP-Ti) and Ti6Al4V. Surface topography, elemental composition, water contact angle, cell viability, and cell morphology were surveyed to evaluate the biocompatibility of titanium samples with different lengths of OP treating time. MATERIALS AND METHODS CP-Ti and Ti6Al4V discs were both classified into 4 groups: untreated, treated with OP generated by using oxygen (99.98%) for 5, 10, and 30 min, respectively. After OPT on CP-Ti and Ti6Al4V samples, scanning probe microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectrometry (XPS), and contact angle tests were conducted to determine the surface topography, elemental composition and hydrophilicity, respectively. The change of surface morphology was further studied using sputtered titanium on silicon wafers. 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and F-actin immunofluorescence stain were performed to investigate the viability and spreading behavior of cultivated MG-63 cells on the samples. RESULTS The surface roughness was most prominent after 5 min OPT in both CP-Ti and Ti6Al4V, and the surface morphology of sputtered Ti sharpened after the 5 min treatment. From the XPS results, the intensity of Ti(°), Ti(2+), and Ti(3+) of the samples' surface decreased indicating the oxidation of titanium after OPT. The water contact angles of both CP-Ti and Ti6Al4V were increased after 5 min OPT. The results of MTT assay demonstrated MG-63 cells proliferated best on the 5 min OP treated titanium sample. The F-actin immunofluorescence stain revealed the cultivated cell number of 5 min treated CP-Ti/Ti6Al4V was greater than other groups and most of the cultivated cells were spindle-shaped. CONCLUSIONS Low pressure RF oxygen plasma modified both the composition and the morphology of titanium samples' surface. The CP-Ti/Ti6Al4V treated with 5 min OPT displayed the roughest surface, sharpest surface profile and best biocompatibility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Yu Tseng
- School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Hao Hsu
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Yu-Chieh Tu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shao-Chin Tseng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsuen-Li Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Min-Huey Chen
- School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Fang Su
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-Deh Lin
- School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Koh M, Park JB, Jang YJ, Ko Y. The effect of pretreating resorbable blast media titanium discs with an ultrasonic scaler or toothbrush on the bacterial removal efficiency of brushing. J Periodontal Implant Sci 2013; 43:301-7. [PMID: 24455443 PMCID: PMC3891862 DOI: 10.5051/jpis.2013.43.6.301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2013] [Accepted: 11/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose This in vitro study was performed to assess the adherence of Porphyromonas gingivalis to a resorbable blast media (RBM) titanium surface pretreated with an ultrasonic scaler or toothbrush and to evaluate the effects of the treatment of the RBM titanium discs on the bacterial removal efficiency of brushing by crystal violet assay and scanning electron microscopy. Methods RBM titanium discs were pretreated with one of several ultrasonic scaler tips or cleaned with a toothbrush. Then the titanium discs were incubated with P. gingivalis and the quantity of adherent bacteria was compared. The disc surfaces incubated with bacteria were brushed with a toothbrush with dentifrice. Bacteria remaining on the disc surfaces were quantified. Results A change in morphology of the surface of the RBM titanium discs after different treatments was noted. There were no significant differences in the adherence of bacteria on the pretreated discs according to the treatment modality. Pretreatment with various instruments did not produce significant differences in the bacterial removal efficiency of brushing with dentifrice. Conclusions Within the limits of this study, various types of mechanical instrumentation were shown to cause mechanical changes on the RBM titanium surface but did not show a significant influence on the adherence of bacteria and removal efficiency of brushing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minchul Koh
- Graduate School of Clinical Dental Science, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jun-Beom Park
- Department of Periodontics, Seoul St Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yun-Ji Jang
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Youngkyung Ko
- Department of Periodontics, Seoul St Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Schmidt A, Wende K, Bekeschus S, Bundscherer L, Barton A, Ottmüller K, Weltmann KD, Masur K. Non-thermal plasma treatment is associated with changes in transcriptome of human epithelial skin cells. Free Radic Res 2013; 47:577-92. [DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2013.804623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
|
46
|
Han GJ, Kim JH, Kim CK, Chung SN, Chun BH, Cho BH. Sequential deposition of hexamethyldisiloxane and benzene in non-thermal plasma adhesion to dental ceramic. Macromol Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s13233-013-1145-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
47
|
Idlibi AN, Al-Marrawi F, Hannig M, Lehmann A, Rueppell A, Schindler A, Jentsch H, Rupf S. Destruction of oral biofilms formed in situ on machined titanium (Ti) surfaces by cold atmospheric plasma. BIOFOULING 2013; 29:369-379. [PMID: 23574038 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2013.775255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The decontamination of implant surfaces represents the basic procedure in the management of peri-implant diseases, but it is still a challenge. The study aimed to evaluate the degradation of oral biofilms grown in situ on machined titanium (Ti) discs by cold atmospheric plasma (CAP). ~200 Ti discs were exposed to the oral cavities of five healthy human volunteers for 72 h. The resulting biofilms were divided randomly between the following treatments: CAP (which varied in mean power, treatment duration, and/or the gas mixture), and untreated and treated controls (diode laser, air-abrasion, chlorhexidine). The viability, quantity, and morphology of the biofilms were determined by live/dead staining, inoculation onto blood agar, quantification of the total protein content, and scanning electron microscopy. Exposure to CAP significantly reduced the viability and quantity of biofilms compared with the positive control treatments. The efficacy of treatment with CAP correlated with the treatment duration and plasma power. No single method achieved complete biofilm removal; however, CAP may provide an effective support to established decontamination techniques for treatment of peri-implant diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Nour Idlibi
- Clinic of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Eradication of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms by atmospheric pressure non-thermal plasma. PLoS One 2012; 7:e44289. [PMID: 22952948 PMCID: PMC3432087 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0044289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2012] [Accepted: 08/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteria exist, in most environments, as complex, organised communities of sessile cells embedded within a matrix of self-produced, hydrated extracellular polymeric substances known as biofilms. Bacterial biofilms represent a ubiquitous and predominant cause of both chronic infections and infections associated with the use of indwelling medical devices such as catheters and prostheses. Such infections typically exhibit significantly enhanced tolerance to antimicrobial, biocidal and immunological challenge. This renders them difficult, sometimes impossible, to treat using conventional chemotherapeutic agents. Effective alternative approaches for prevention and eradication of biofilm associated chronic and device-associated infections are therefore urgently required. Atmospheric pressure non-thermal plasmas are gaining increasing attention as a potential approach for the eradication and control of bacterial infection and contamination. To date, however, the majority of studies have been conducted with reference to planktonic bacteria and rather less attention has been directed towards bacteria in the biofilm mode of growth. In this study, the activity of a kilohertz-driven atmospheric pressure non-thermal plasma jet, operated in a helium oxygen mixture, against Pseudomonas aeruginosa in vitro biofilms was evaluated. Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms exhibit marked susceptibility to exposure of the plasma jet effluent, following even relatively short (≈ 10's s) exposure times. Manipulation of plasma operating conditions, for example, plasma operating frequency, had a significant effect on the bacterial inactivation rate. Survival curves exhibit a rapid decline in the number of surviving cells in the first 60 seconds followed by slower rate of cell number reduction. Excellent anti-biofilm activity of the plasma jet was also demonstrated by both confocal scanning laser microscopy and metabolism of the tetrazolium salt, XTT, a measure of bactericidal activity.
Collapse
|
49
|
Fricke K, Koban I, Tresp H, Jablonowski L, Schröder K, Kramer A, Weltmann KD, von Woedtke T, Kocher T. Atmospheric pressure plasma: a high-performance tool for the efficient removal of biofilms. PLoS One 2012; 7:e42539. [PMID: 22880025 PMCID: PMC3412829 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0042539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2012] [Accepted: 07/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The medical use of non-thermal physical plasmas is intensively investigated for sterilization and surface modification of biomedical materials. A further promising application is the removal or etching of organic substances, e.g., biofilms, from surfaces, because remnants of biofilms after conventional cleaning procedures are capable to entertain inflammatory processes in the adjacent tissues. In general, contamination of surfaces by micro-organisms is a major source of problems in health care. Especially biofilms are the most common type of microbial growth in the human body and therefore, the complete removal of pathogens is mandatory for the prevention of inflammatory infiltrate. Physical plasmas offer a huge potential to inactivate micro-organisms and to remove organic materials through plasma-generated highly reactive agents. Method In this study a Candida albicans biofilm, formed on polystyrene (PS) wafers, as a prototypic biofilm was used to verify the etching capability of the atmospheric pressure plasma jet operating with two different process gases (argon and argon/oxygen mixture). The capability of plasma-assisted biofilm removal was assessed by microscopic imaging. Results The Candida albicans biofilm, with a thickness of 10 to 20 µm, was removed within 300 s plasma treatment when oxygen was added to the argon gas discharge, whereas argon plasma alone was practically not sufficient in biofilm removal. The impact of plasma etching on biofilms is localized due to the limited presence of reactive plasma species validated by optical emission spectroscopy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katja Fricke
- Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology eV, INP Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Maisch T, Shimizu T, Mitra A, Heinlin J, Karrer S, Li YF, Morfill G, Zimmermann JL. Contact-free cold atmospheric plasma treatment of Deinococcus radiodurans. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2012; 39:1367-75. [PMID: 22584820 DOI: 10.1007/s10295-012-1137-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2011] [Accepted: 04/18/2012] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
In this study we investigated the sensitivity of Deinococcus radiodurans to contact-free cold atmospheric plasma treatment as part of a project to establish new efficient procedures for disinfection of inanimate surfaces. The Gram-positive D. radiodurans is one of the most resistant microorganisms worldwide. Stationary phases of D. radiodurans were exposed to cold atmospheric plasma for different time intervals or to ultraviolet C (UVC) radiation at dose rates of 0.001-0.0656 J cm⁻², respectively. A methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strain (MRSA) served as control for Gram-positive bacteria. The surface microdischarge plasma technology was used for generation of cold atmospheric plasma. A plasma discharge was ignited using ambient air. Surprisingly, D. radiodurans was sensitive to the cold atmospheric plasma treatment in the same range as the MRSA strain. Survival of both bacteria decreased with increasing plasma exposure times up to 6 log₁₀ cycles (>99.999 %) within 20 s of plasma treatment. In contrast, UVC radiation of both bacteria demonstrated that D. radiodurans was more resistant to UVC treatment than MRSA. Cold atmospheric plasma seems to be a promising tool for industrial and clinical purposes where time-saving is a critical point to achieve efficient disinfection of inanimate surfaces and where protection from corrosive materials is needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tim Maisch
- Department of Dermatology, Regensburg University Hospital, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|