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Jaubet ML, Garaffo GV, Cuello GV, Hines E, Elías R, Llanos EN. Submarine outfall and new sewage treatment plant modulate the response of intertidal benthic communities in a SW Atlantic area. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2024; 199:115946. [PMID: 38150974 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
Spatio-temporal responses of the intertidal macrobenthic community to the effects of a submarine outfall (SO) and a new sewage treatment plant (EDAR) were evaluated, analyzing changes in macrofaunal assemblages and community structure. Study was conducted in a SW Atlantic coastal area in 4 stages: BSO (Before the SO), Du (During the construction of the SO), ASO (After the SO start-up) and AEDAR (After the treatment plant start-up). Boccardia proboscidea and Brachidontes rodriguezii contributed most to the differences between all stages at the site nearest to the discharge point. Number of individuals was highest at BSO and Du. Richness and diversity were lowest at the BSO and highest at the Du. Furthermore, the richness decreased slightly, and the diversity increased at AEDAR. Evenness was highest at the BSO and AEDAR. The nestedness was the dominant process driving the differences between the BSO stage community and the rest of the stages. SO affects the composition and structure of the intertidal macrobenthic community near the outfall area, as organic matter discharge further offshore favour the development of a more diverse intertidal community, including species sensitive to organic enrichment.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Lourdes Jaubet
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras, (IIMyC), Facultad de Ciencias, Exactas y Naturales (FCEyN), Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMdP), Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), CC1260, 7600 Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Griselda Valeria Garaffo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras, (IIMyC), Facultad de Ciencias, Exactas y Naturales (FCEyN), Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMdP), Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), CC1260, 7600 Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Graciela Verónica Cuello
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras, (IIMyC), Facultad de Ciencias, Exactas y Naturales (FCEyN), Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMdP), Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), CC1260, 7600 Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Emiliano Hines
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras, (IIMyC), Facultad de Ciencias, Exactas y Naturales (FCEyN), Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMdP), Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), CC1260, 7600 Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Rodolfo Elías
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras, (IIMyC), Facultad de Ciencias, Exactas y Naturales (FCEyN), Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMdP), Argentina
| | - Elizabeth Noemí Llanos
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras, (IIMyC), Facultad de Ciencias, Exactas y Naturales (FCEyN), Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMdP), Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), CC1260, 7600 Mar del Plata, Argentina.
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Liu T, Liu H, Yang Y. Uncovering the determinants of biodiversity hotspots in China: Evidence from the drivers of multiple diversity metrics on insect assemblages and implications for conservation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 880:163287. [PMID: 37028670 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Understanding large-scale biodiversity patterns and underlying mechanisms during the formation process is essential for guiding conservation efforts. However, previous studies on the identification and formation mechanism of diversity hotspots in China were often limited to a single (alpha) diversity metric, while multiple (beta or zeta) diversity has rarely been used for exploring drivers and conservation actions. Here, a comprehensive species distribution dataset consisting of representative families of three insect orders was compiled to explore biodiversity hotspots based on different algorithms. Furthermore, to assess the effects of environmental factors on hotspots, we fitted generalized additive mixed-effects models (GAMMs) for species richness, generalized dissimilarity models (GDMs) and multi-site generalized dissimilarity modeling (MS-GDM) for the total beta and zeta diversity. Our results showed that biodiversity hotspots were mainly concentrated in central and southern China, especially in mountainous areas with complex topography, which indicated the insects' affinity to montane environments. Further analyses based on multiple models showed that water-energy factors exerted the strongest explanatory power for the insect assemblage diversity in hotspots of both alpha and beta (or zeta) levels. Additionally, anthropogenic factors also exerted a significant effect on hotspots, and this effect was higher for beta diversity than for alpha diversity. Overall, our study elucidates a comprehensive analysis of the identification and underlying mechanism of biodiversity hotspots in China. Despite several limitations, we still believe that our findings can provide some new insights for conservation efforts in Chinese hotspots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Application, School of Life Science, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Haoyu Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Application, School of Life Science, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China.
| | - Yuxia Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Application, School of Life Science, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China.
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Nasi F, Vesal SE, Relitti F, Bazzaro M, Teixidó N, Auriemma R, Cibic T. Taxonomic and functional macrofaunal diversity along a gradient of sewage contamination: A three-year study. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 323:121022. [PMID: 36621717 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the structural and functional changes of the soft-bottom macrofaunal community following the improvement of a wastewater treatment-WWT plant. The macrofauna was collected at increasing distance from the main outfall in 2018, 2019, and 2021. Organic matter and nutrients were analysed in the water column near the outfalls to detect possible changes due to the improved treatment. We examined Functional Entities-FEs (i.e. a unique combination of species functional traits), species richness, Shannon-Wiener diversity-H', and taxonomic and functional β-diversity. From 2018 (before the year of the treatment change), to 2021, we noted a gradual decrease of organic carbon in the water column. In contrast, sediment characteristics (i.e. grain-size) did not change before and after treatment enhancement, with the exception of redox potential. Species richness and FEs gradually increased moving far from the source of organic contamination and after wastewater treatment enhancement, especially near the outfall. We observed different phases of macrofaunal succession stage after the WWT amelioration. A 'normal stage', i.e. slightly lower species richness, was reflected in decreasing functional richness. Higher taxonomic β-diversity values with significant turnover components indicated that the community was subjected to broad changes in species composition. However, functional β-diversity did not follow the same pattern. After treatment improvement, modified environmental conditions led to the establishment of new species, but with the same functions. Towards 2021, the community improved its resilience by increasing functional redundancy and reduction of vulnerability, which enhanced community stability. The latter was also reflected in the well-balanced proportion of macrofaunal feeding habits after the WWT upgrade. Integrating the classical taxonomic approach with the analysis of FEs, and environmental characteristics can provide an accurate insight into macrofauna sensitivity to stressors that are likely to lead to changes in the ecological state of an area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Nasi
- National Institute of Oceanography and Applied Geophysics - OGS, Via A. Piccard 54, I-34151 Trieste, Italy.
| | - Seyed Ehsan Vesal
- National Institute of Oceanography and Applied Geophysics - OGS, Via A. Piccard 54, I-34151 Trieste, Italy; Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Federica Relitti
- National Institute of Oceanography and Applied Geophysics - OGS, Via A. Piccard 54, I-34151 Trieste, Italy
| | - Matteo Bazzaro
- National Institute of Oceanography and Applied Geophysics - OGS, Via A. Piccard 54, I-34151 Trieste, Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, della Terra e Dell'Ambiente, Università Degli Studi di Siena, Strada Laterina, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Nuria Teixidó
- Department of Integrated Marine Ecology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Ischia Marine Centre, Ischia, Naples, Italy; Laboratoire D'Océanographie de Villefranche, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Villefranche-sur-Mer, France
| | - Rocco Auriemma
- National Institute of Oceanography and Applied Geophysics - OGS, Via A. Piccard 54, I-34151 Trieste, Italy
| | - Tamara Cibic
- National Institute of Oceanography and Applied Geophysics - OGS, Via A. Piccard 54, I-34151 Trieste, Italy
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Xu WB, Guo WY, Serra-Diaz JM, Schrodt F, Eiserhardt WL, Enquist BJ, Maitner BS, Merow C, Violle C, Anand M, Belluau M, Bruun HH, Byun C, Catford JA, Cerabolini BE, Chacón-Madrigal E, Ciccarelli D, Cornelissen JHC, Dang-Le AT, de Frutos A, Dias AS, Giroldo AB, Gutiérrez AG, Hattingh W, He T, Hietz P, Hough-Snee N, Jansen S, Kattge J, Komac B, Kraft NJ, Kramer K, Lavorel S, Lusk CH, Martin AR, Ma KP, Mencuccini M, Michaletz ST, Minden V, Mori AS, Niinemets Ü, Onoda Y, Onstein RE, Peñuelas J, Pillar VD, Pisek J, Pound MJ, Robroek BJ, Schamp B, Slot M, Sun M, Sosinski ÊE, Soudzilovskaia NA, Thiffault N, van Bodegom PM, van der Plas F, Zheng J, Svenning JC, Ordonez A. Global beta-diversity of angiosperm trees is shaped by Quaternary climate change. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadd8553. [PMID: 37018407 PMCID: PMC10075971 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.add8553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
As Earth's climate has varied strongly through geological time, studying the impacts of past climate change on biodiversity helps to understand the risks from future climate change. However, it remains unclear how paleoclimate shapes spatial variation in biodiversity. Here, we assessed the influence of Quaternary climate change on spatial dissimilarity in taxonomic, phylogenetic, and functional composition among neighboring 200-kilometer cells (beta-diversity) for angiosperm trees worldwide. We found that larger glacial-interglacial temperature change was strongly associated with lower spatial turnover (species replacements) and higher nestedness (richness changes) components of beta-diversity across all three biodiversity facets. Moreover, phylogenetic and functional turnover was lower and nestedness higher than random expectations based on taxonomic beta-diversity in regions that experienced large temperature change, reflecting phylogenetically and functionally selective processes in species replacement, extinction, and colonization during glacial-interglacial oscillations. Our results suggest that future human-driven climate change could cause local homogenization and reduction in taxonomic, phylogenetic, and functional diversity of angiosperm trees worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wu-Bing Xu
- Center for Biodiversity Dynamics in a Changing World (BIOCHANGE), Department of Biology, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
- Section for Ecoinformatics and Biodiversity, Department of Biology, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Wen-Yong Guo
- Center for Biodiversity Dynamics in a Changing World (BIOCHANGE), Department of Biology, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
- Section for Ecoinformatics and Biodiversity, Department of Biology, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
- Zhejiang Tiantong Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station and Research Center for Global Change and Complex Ecosystems, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, 200241 Shanghai, P.R. China
| | | | - Franziska Schrodt
- School of Geography, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Wolf L. Eiserhardt
- Section for Ecoinformatics and Biodiversity, Department of Biology, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Surrey TW9 3AE, UK
| | - Brian J. Enquist
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
- The Santa Fe Institute, 1399 Hyde Park Rd., Santa Fe, NM 87501, USA
| | - Brian S. Maitner
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Cory Merow
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Cyrille Violle
- CEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Madhur Anand
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michaël Belluau
- Centre for Forest Research, Département des sciences biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, P.O. Box 8888, Centre-ville station, Montréal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - Hans Henrik Bruun
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Chaeho Byun
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Andong National University, Andong, 36729, Korea
| | - Jane A. Catford
- Department of Geography, King’s College London, London WC2B 4BG, UK
| | - Bruno E. L. Cerabolini
- Department of Biotechnologies and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Via Dunant 3, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Eduardo Chacón-Madrigal
- Herbario Luis Fournier Origgi, Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Ecología Tropical (CIBET), Universidad de Costa Rica, San Pedro de Montes de Oca, 11501-2060 San José, Costa Rica
| | - Daniela Ciccarelli
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Via Luca Ghini 13, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - J. Hans C. Cornelissen
- Systems Ecology, A-LIFE, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit, 1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Anh Tuan Dang-Le
- Faculty of Biology - Biotechnology, University of Science - VNUHCM, 227 Nguyen Van Cu, District 5, 700000 Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Angel de Frutos
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Arildo S. Dias
- Goethe University, Institute for Physical Geography, Altenhöferallee 1, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Aelton B. Giroldo
- Departamento de Ensino, Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciências e Tecnologia do Ceará - IFCE campus Crateús, Avenida Geraldo Barbosa Marques, 567, 63708-260 Crateús, Brazil
| | - Alvaro G. Gutiérrez
- Departamento de Ciencias Ambientales y Recursos Naturales Renovables, Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas, Universidad de Chile, Santa Rosa 11315, La Pintana, Santiago, Chile
- Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity (IEB), Santiago, Chile
| | - Wesley Hattingh
- Global Systems and Analytics, Nova Pioneer, Paulshof, Gauteng, South Africa
| | - Tianhua He
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, P.O. Box U1987, Perth, WA 6845, Australia
- College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - Peter Hietz
- Institute of Botany, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, 1180 Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Steven Jansen
- Institute of Systematic Botany and Ecology, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Jens Kattge
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Hans Knöll Str. 10, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Benjamin Komac
- Andorra Recerca + Innovació, AD600 Sant Julià de Lòria (Principat d'), Andorra
| | - Nathan J. B. Kraft
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Koen Kramer
- Wageningen University, Forest Ecology and Management Group, Droevendaalsesteeg 4, 6700AA Wageningen, Netherlands
- Land Life Company, Mauritskade 63, 1092AD, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Sandra Lavorel
- Laboratoire d’Ecologie Alpine, LECA, UMR UGA-USMB-CNRS 5553, Université Grenoble Alpes, CS 40700, 38058 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Christopher H. Lusk
- Environmental Research Institute, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Adam R. Martin
- Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, M1C 1A4 Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ke-Ping Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Maurizio Mencuccini
- ICREA, Barcelona, 08010, Spain
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona 08193, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Sean T. Michaletz
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Vanessa Minden
- Department of Biology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
- Institute for Biology and Environmental Sciences, University of Oldenburg, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Akira S. Mori
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, the University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan
| | - Ülo Niinemets
- Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, 51006 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Yusuke Onoda
- Division of Forest and Biomaterials Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Oiwake, Kitashirakawa, Kyoto, 606-8502 Japan
| | - Renske E. Onstein
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Darwinweg 2, 2333CR Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Josep Peñuelas
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona 08193, Catalonia, Spain
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF- CSIC-UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona 08193, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Valério D. Pillar
- Department of Ecology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, 91501-970, Brazil
| | - Jan Pisek
- Tartu Observatory, University of Tartu, Observatooriumi 1, Tõravere, 61602 Tartumaa, Estonia
| | - Matthew J. Pound
- Department of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST, UK
| | - Bjorn J. M. Robroek
- Aquatic Ecology and Environmental Biology, Faculty of Science, Radboud Institute for Biological and Environmental Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Brandon Schamp
- Department of Biology, Algoma University, Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, P6A 2G4, Canada
| | - Martijn Slot
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancón, Republic of Panama
| | - Miao Sun
- Section for Ecoinformatics and Biodiversity, Department of Biology, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | | | | | - Nelson Thiffault
- Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Wood Fibre Centre, 1055 du P.E.P.S., P.O. Box 10380, Stn. Sainte-Foy, Quebec, QC G1V 4C7, Canada
| | - Peter M. van Bodegom
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Leiden University, 2333 CC Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Fons van der Plas
- Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation Group, Wageningen University, Netherlands
| | - Jingming Zheng
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Forest Resources and Ecosystem Processes, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Jens-Christian Svenning
- Center for Biodiversity Dynamics in a Changing World (BIOCHANGE), Department of Biology, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
- Section for Ecoinformatics and Biodiversity, Department of Biology, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
- Center for Ecological Dynamics in a Novel Biosphere (ECONOVO), Department of Biology, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Alejandro Ordonez
- Center for Biodiversity Dynamics in a Changing World (BIOCHANGE), Department of Biology, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
- Section for Ecoinformatics and Biodiversity, Department of Biology, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
- Center for Ecological Dynamics in a Novel Biosphere (ECONOVO), Department of Biology, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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Wu N, Liu G, Zhang M, Wang Y, Peng W, Qu X. Spatial Factors Outperform Local Environmental and Geo-Climatic Variables in Structuring Multiple Facets of Stream Macroinvertebrates' β-Diversity. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12192648. [PMID: 36230389 PMCID: PMC9558512 DOI: 10.3390/ani12192648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary One of the key targets of community ecology and biogeography concerns revealing the variability and underlying drivers of biodiversity. Most current studies understand biodiversity based on taxonomic information alone. Our study was based on macroinvertebrates from 179 stream sampling sites in the Hun-Tai River Basin in Northeastern China. The correlation of different facets of β-diversity was compared while revealing the relative contribution of multiple abiotic factors (i.e., local environmental, geo-climatic, and spatial factors) to shaping β-diversity based on taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic information. The results showed that functional β-diversity provides important complementary information to taxonomic and phylogenetic β-diversity. Moreover, spatial factors outperform local environmental and geo-climatic variables in structuring multiple facets of stream macroinvertebrates’ β-diversity. Our study provides guidance for future conservation studies of watershed biodiversity, as well as implications for future studies of β-diversity. Abstract One of the key targets of community ecology and biogeography concerns revealing the variability and underlying drivers of biodiversity. Most current studies understand biodiversity based on taxonomic information alone, but few studies have shown the relative contributions of multiple abiotic factors in shaping biodiversity based on taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic information. We collected 179 samples of macroinvertebrates in the Hun-Tai River Basin. We validated the complementarity between the three facets and components of β-diversity using the Mantel test. Distance-based redundancy analysis and variance partitioning were applied to explore the comparative importance of local environmental, geo-climatic, and spatial factors on each facet and component of β-diversity. Our study found that taxonomic and phylogenetic total β-diversity was mainly forced by turnover, while functional total β-diversity was largely contributed by nestedness. There is a strong correlation between taxonomic and phylogenetic β-diversity. However, the correlations of functional with both taxonomic and phylogenetic β-diversity were relatively weak. The findings of variation partitioning suggested that distinct facets and components of macroinvertebrates’ β-diversity were impacted by abiotic factors to varying degrees. The contribution of spatial factors was greater than that of the local environment and geo-climatic factors for taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic β-diversity. Thus, studying different facets and components of β-diversity allows a clearer comprehension of the influence of abiotic factors on diversity patterns. Therefore, future research should investigate patterns and mechanisms of β-diversity from taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naicheng Wu
- Department of Geography and Spatial Information Techniques, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China or
| | - Guohao Liu
- Department of Geography and Spatial Information Techniques, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China or
| | - Min Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100038, China
- Department of Water Ecology and Environment, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100038, China
| | - Yixia Wang
- Department of Geography and Spatial Information Techniques, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China or
| | - Wenqi Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100038, China
- Department of Water Ecology and Environment, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100038, China
| | - Xiaodong Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100038, China
- Department of Water Ecology and Environment, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100038, China
- Correspondence:
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6
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Wang X, Zhong M, Yang S, Jiang J, Hu J. Multiple β‐diversity patterns and the underlying mechanisms across amphibian communities along a subtropical elevational gradient. DIVERS DISTRIB 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.13618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyi Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration and Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences Chengdu China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Maojun Zhong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration and Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences Chengdu China
| | - Shengnan Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration and Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences Chengdu China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Jianping Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration and Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences Chengdu China
| | - Junhua Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration and Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences Chengdu China
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7
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Diversity of Lacewings (Neuroptera) in an Altitudinal Gradient of the Tacaná Volcano, Southern Mexico. INSECTS 2022; 13:insects13070652. [PMID: 35886828 PMCID: PMC9315885 DOI: 10.3390/insects13070652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Neuroptera is an order of insects with a moderate diversity of species numbers yet a high between-family morphological diversity, which has a significant ecological role as a predator. However, there are few studies focused on describing changes in species diversity along environmental gradients. We evaluated changes in the alpha and beta diversity of species and the higher taxa in Neuroptera communities in the Tacaná Volcano in southern Mexico. Five sites each at different altitudes were studied through systematic annual sampling. The taxonomic and phylogenetic alpha diversity were analyzed, as well as the beta diversity and its components, species turnover and nestedness. The alpha diversity had two trends: (1) decreased standardized richness and taxonomic distinctness with increasing altitude, and (2) increased estimated richness and species diversity at intermediate altitudes. The highest turnover values for species, as well as for supra-specific taxa, were recorded at sites with lower altitudes. The highest total beta diversity value was recorded at elevations above 3000 m, whereas the highest number of species and supra-specific taxa were observed at sites between 600 and 2000 m, with an evident decrease above 3000 m. The type of vegetation and environmental conditions may be influencing the decrease in diversity toward higher elevations, which could explain the niche specialization of Neuroptera species to particular sites within the gradient. These results highlight the need to study the environmental factors and their effects on species composition along an elevation gradient.
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Sánchez-Ochoa D, González EJ, Arizmendi MDC, Koleff P, Martell-Dubois R, Meave JA, Pérez-Mendoza HA. Quantifying phenological diversity: a framework based on Hill numbers theory. PeerJ 2022; 10:e13412. [PMID: 35582616 PMCID: PMC9107786 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Despite the great concern triggered by the environmental crisis worldwide, the loss of temporal key functions and processes involved in biodiversity maintenance has received little attention. Species are restricted in their life cycles by environmental variables because of their physiological and behavioral properties; thus, the timing and duration of species' presence and their activities vary greatly between species within a community. Despite the ecological relevance of such variation, there is currently no measure that summarizes the key temporal aspects of biological diversity and allows comparisons of community phenological patterns. Here, we propose a measure that synthesizes variability of phenological patterns using the Hill numbers-based attribute diversity framework. Methods We constructed a new phenological diversity measure based on the aforementioned framework through pairwise overlapping distances, which was supplemented with wavelet analysis. The Hill numbers approach was chosen as an adequate way to define a set of diversity values of different order q, a parameter that determines the sensitivity of the diversity measure to abundance. Wavelet transform analysis was used to model continuous variables from incomplete data sets for different phenophases. The new measure, which we call Phenological Hill numbers (PD), considers the decouplings of phenophases through an overlapping area value between pairs of species within the community. PD was first tested through simulations with varying overlap in phenophase magnitude and intensity and varying number of species, and then by using one real data set. Results PD maintains the diversity patterns of order q as in any other diversity measure encompassed by the Hill numbers framework. Minimum PD values in the simulated data sets reflect a lack of differentiation in the phenological curves of the community over time; by contrast, the maximum PD values reflected the most diverse simulations in which phenological curves were equally distributed over time. PD values were consistent with the homogeneous distribution of the intensity and concurrence of phenophases over time, both in the simulated and the real data set. Discussion PD provides an efficient, readily interpretable and comparable measure that summarizes the variety of phenological patterns observed in ecological communities. PD retains the diversity patterns of order q characteristic of all diversity measures encompassed by the distance-based Hill numbers framework. In addition, wavelet transform analysis proved useful for constructing a continuous phenological curve. This methodological approach to quantify phenological diversity produces simple and intuitive values for the examination of phenological diversity and can be widely applied to any taxon or community's phenological traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Sánchez-Ochoa
- Laboratorio de Ecología Evolutiva y Conservación de Anfibios y Reptiles, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla de Baz, México, Mexico
- Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Unidad de Posgrado, Circuito de Posgrados, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Edgar J. González
- Departamento de Ecología y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Maria del Coro Arizmendi
- Laboratorio de Ecología, UBIPRO, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla de Baz, México, Mexico
| | - Patricia Koleff
- Comisión Nacional para el Conocimiento y Uso de la Biodiversidad, Tlalpan, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Raúl Martell-Dubois
- Comisión Nacional para el Conocimiento y Uso de la Biodiversidad, Tlalpan, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Jorge A. Meave
- Departamento de Ecología y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Hibraim Adán Pérez-Mendoza
- Laboratorio de Ecología Evolutiva y Conservación de Anfibios y Reptiles, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla de Baz, México, Mexico
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Wen Z, Cai T, Wu Y, Fejió A, Xia L, Cheng J, Peng X, Zhang Q, Zhang Z, Ran J, Ge D, Yang Q. Environmental drivers of sympatric mammalian species compositional turnover in giant panda nature reserves: Implications for conservation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 806:150944. [PMID: 34655626 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The charismatic giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) is an iconic species of wildlife conservation worldwide. As the most effective measure to protect giant pandas and their habitats, China has established 67 giant panda nature reserves (GPNR) during the last five decades, which also bring benefits to many sympatric medium- and large-bodied mammals (MLM). To better inform the planning of the GPNR network with the view of preserving regional MLM diversity, we investigated the zeta diversity (a novel index to measure species compositional turnover considering the contributions of both rare and common species) patterns (i.e. zeta decline and retention rate curve) of MLMs across 40 GPNRs. The effects of species' body mass and conservation status on the zeta diversity patterns were tested. Further, we applied the multi-site generalized dissimilarity modelling (MS-GDM) framework to explore the impacts of environmental and geographic distances on MLM turnover. The results indicated that there are a core set of 17 MLM species sympatric with the giant panda in the GPNRs. Species' body mass can affect the patterns of zeta decline and retention rate curves, and the number of large-bodied species shared by multiple GPNRs is higher than that of medium-bodied species across zeta orders. The MS-GDM revealed the important roles of difference in habitat heterogeneity and spatial distance between GPNRs in driving MLM turnover. Consequently, we advocate maintaining and increasing the diversity of (natural) habitats in GPNRs to protect giant panda's sympatric MLM diversity. The government should consider optimizing the GPNR network (e.g. incorporating multiple small GPNRs into one single large reserve) to capture the most turnover of MLMs, and the newly-established Giant Panda National Park is relevant to fulfilling this long-term goal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixin Wen
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, PR China.
| | - Tianlong Cai
- School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, No. 18 Shilongshan Road, Xihu District, Hangzhou 310023, PR China.
| | - Yongjie Wu
- College of Life Science, Sichuan University, No. 29 Wangjiang Road, Wuhou District, Chengdu 610064, PR China.
| | - Anderson Fejió
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, PR China
| | - Lin Xia
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, PR China.
| | - Jilong Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, PR China.
| | - Xingwen Peng
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, PR China; Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, PR China.
| | - Qian Zhang
- Appraisal Center for Environment and Engineering, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, No. 28 Beiyuan Road, Beijing 100012, PR China.
| | - Zejun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation, Ministry of Education, China West Normal University, No. 1 Shida Road, Nanchong 637002, PR China
| | - Jianghong Ran
- College of Life Science, Sichuan University, No. 29 Wangjiang Road, Wuhou District, Chengdu 610064, PR China
| | - Deyan Ge
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, PR China.
| | - Qisen Yang
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, PR China.
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Enkhtur K, Brehm G, Boldgiv B, Pfeiffer M. Alpha and beta diversity patterns of macro-moths reveal a breakpoint along a latitudinal gradient in Mongolia. Sci Rep 2021; 11:15018. [PMID: 34294812 PMCID: PMC8298579 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-94471-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Little is known about the diversity and distribution patterns of moths along latitudinal gradients. We studied macro-moths in Mongolia along an 860 km latitudinal climatic gradient to gain knowledge on community composition, alpha, beta, and gamma diversity as well as underlying factors, which can be used as baseline information for further studies related to climate change. We identified 236 species of moths of ten families. Our study shows that the diversity of moths increased with the latitude, i.e., low species richness in the south and higher richness in the north. Moth community composition changed along the gradient, and we revealed a breakpoint of beta diversity that divided grassland and desert communities. In the desert, beta diversity was driven by species loss (i.e., nestedness), and few tolerant species existed with high abundance. In contrast, in the grassland, beta diversity was driven by species replacement with more unique species, (i.e., species which occurred only in one site). We found the lowest species diversity in the transitional zones dominated by few generalist species such as Agrotis ripae and Anarta trifolii. Low precipitation and an increasing number of grazing goats are drivers of species loss. We suggest different conservation strategies regarding the contrasting patterns of beta diversity in desert and grassland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khishigdelger Enkhtur
- Department of Biogeography, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95447, Bayreuth, Germany.
| | - Gunnar Brehm
- Phyletisches Museum, Institut für Zoologie und Evolutionsbiologie, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität, Vor dem Neutor 1, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Bazartseren Boldgiv
- Ecology Group, Department of Biology, National University of Mongolia, Ikh Surguuliin Gudamj 1, Ulaanbaatar, 14201, Mongolia.,Academy of Natural Sciences of Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, 19103, USA
| | - Martin Pfeiffer
- Department of Biogeography, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95447, Bayreuth, Germany
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Xiong D, Wei C, Wang X, Lü X, Fang S, Li Y, Wang X, Liang W, Han X, Bezemer TM, Li Q. Spatial patterns and ecological drivers of soil nematode β-diversity in natural grasslands vary among vegetation types and trophic position. J Anim Ecol 2021; 90:1367-1378. [PMID: 33660855 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.13461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Understanding biogeographic patterns of community assemblages is a core objective in ecology, but for soil communities these patterns are poorly understood. To understand the spatial patterns and underlying mechanisms of β-diversity in soil communities, we investigated the β-diversity of soil nematode communities along a 3,200-km transect across semi-arid and arid grasslands. Spatial turnover and nested-resultant are the two fundamental components of β-diversity, which have been attributed to various processes of community assembly. We calculated the spatial turnover and nested-resultant components of soil nematode β-diversity based on the β-partitioning framework. Distance matrices for the dissimilarity of soil nematode communities were computed using the 'Sørensen' method. We fitted negative exponential models to compare the distance decay patterns in nematode community similarity with geographic distance and plant community distance in three vegetation types (desert, desert steppe and typical steppe) and along the whole transect. Variation partitioning was used to distinguish the contribution of geographic distance and environmental variables to β-diversity and the partitioned components. Geographic distance and environmental filtering jointly drove the β-diversity patterns of nematode community, but environmental filtering explained more of the variation in β-diversity in the desert and typical steppe, whereas geographic distance was important in the desert steppe. Nematode community assembly was explained more by the spatial turnover component than by the nested-resultant component. For nematode feeding groups, the β-diversity in different vegetation types increased with geographic distance and plant community distance, but the nested-resultant component of bacterial feeders in the desert ecosystem decreased with geographic distance and plant community distance. Our findings show that spatial variation in soil nematode communities is regulated by environmental processes at the vegetation type scale, while spatial processes mainly work on the regional scale, and emphasize that the spatial patterns and drivers of nematode β-diversity differ among trophic levels. Our study provides insight into the ecological processes that maintain soil biodiversity and biogeographic patterns of soil community assemblage at large spatial scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Xiong
- Erguna Forest-Steppe Ecotone Research Station, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Cunzheng Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xugao Wang
- Erguna Forest-Steppe Ecotone Research Station, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaotao Lü
- Erguna Forest-Steppe Ecotone Research Station, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China
| | - Shuai Fang
- Erguna Forest-Steppe Ecotone Research Station, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China
| | - Yingbin Li
- Erguna Forest-Steppe Ecotone Research Station, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaobo Wang
- Erguna Forest-Steppe Ecotone Research Station, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China
| | - Wenju Liang
- Erguna Forest-Steppe Ecotone Research Station, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China
| | - Xingguo Han
- Erguna Forest-Steppe Ecotone Research Station, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Thiemo Martijn Bezemer
- Department of Terrestrial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Wageningen, The Netherlands.,Section Plant Ecology and Phytochemistry, Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Qi Li
- Erguna Forest-Steppe Ecotone Research Station, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China
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Hill MJ, White JC, Biggs J, Briers RA, Gledhill D, Ledger ME, Thornhill I, Wood PJ, Hassall C. Local contributions to beta diversity in urban pond networks: Implications for biodiversity conservation and management. DIVERS DISTRIB 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.13239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J. Hill
- School of Applied Sciences University of Huddersfield Huddersfield UK
| | - James C. White
- Department of Biosciences College of Science Swansea University Swansea UK
| | - Jeremy Biggs
- Freshwater Habitats Trust Bury Knowle House Headington, Oxford UK
| | - Robert A. Briers
- School of Applied Sciences Edinburgh Napier University Edinburgh UK
| | - David Gledhill
- Research Institute for the Built and Human Environment School of Environment and Life Sciences University of Salford Salford UK
| | - Mark E. Ledger
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences University of Birmingham Birmingham UK
| | | | - Paul J. Wood
- Centre for Hydrological and Ecosystem Science, Geography and Environment Loughborough University Loughborough UK
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Tsianou MA, Touloumis K, Kallimanis AS. Low spatial congruence between temporal functional β‐diversity and temporal taxonomic and phylogenetic β‐diversity in British avifauna. Ecol Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/1440-1703.12209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mariana A. Tsianou
- Department of Ecology Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Thessaloniki Greece
| | - Konstantinos Touloumis
- Department of Ecology Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Thessaloniki Greece
- Hellenic Agricultural Organisation Fisheries Research Institute Kavala Greece
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Thompson MSA, Couce E, Webb TJ, Grace M, Cooper KM, Schratzberger M. What's hot and what's not: Making sense of biodiversity 'hotspots'. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2021; 27:521-535. [PMID: 33159828 PMCID: PMC7839497 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Conserving biogeographic regions with especially high biodiversity, known as biodiversity 'hotspots', is intuitive because finite resources can be focussed towards manageable units. Yet, biodiversity, environmental conditions and their relationship are more complex with multidimensional properties. Assessments which ignore this risk failing to detect change, identify its direction or gauge the scale of appropriate intervention. Conflicting concepts which assume assemblages as either sharply delineated communities or loosely collected species have also hampered progress in the way we assess and conserve biodiversity. We focus on the marine benthos where delineating manageable areas for conservation is an attractive prospect because it holds most marine species and constitutes the largest single ecosystem on earth by area. Using two large UK marine benthic faunal datasets, we present a spatially gridded data sampling design to account for survey effects which would otherwise be the principal drivers of diversity estimates. We then assess γ-diversity (regional richness) with diversity partitioned between α (local richness) and β (dissimilarity), and their change in relation to covariates to test whether defining and conserving biodiversity hotspots is an effective conservation strategy in light of the prevailing forces structuring those assemblages. α-, β- and γ-diversity hotspots were largely inconsistent with each metric relating uniquely to the covariates, and loosely collected species generally prevailed with relatively few distinct assemblages. Hotspots could therefore be an unreliable means to direct conservation efforts if based on only a component part of diversity. When assessed alongside environmental gradients, α-, β- and γ-diversity provide a multidimensional but still intuitive perspective of biodiversity change that can direct conservation towards key drivers and the appropriate scale for intervention. Our study also highlights possible temporal declines in species richness over 30 years and thus the need for future integrated monitoring to reveal the causal drivers of biodiversity change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murray S. A. Thompson
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (CEFAS), Lowestoft LaboratoryLowestoftSuffolkUK
| | - Elena Couce
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (CEFAS), Lowestoft LaboratoryLowestoftSuffolkUK
| | - Thomas J. Webb
- Department of Animal & Plant SciencesUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUK
| | - Miriam Grace
- Department of Animal & Plant SciencesUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUK
| | - Keith M. Cooper
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (CEFAS), Lowestoft LaboratoryLowestoftSuffolkUK
| | - Michaela Schratzberger
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (CEFAS), Lowestoft LaboratoryLowestoftSuffolkUK
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15
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Spatial Phylogenetics, Biogeographical Patterns and Conservation Implications of the Endemic Flora of Crete (Aegean, Greece) under Climate Change Scenarios. BIOLOGY 2020; 9:biology9080199. [PMID: 32751787 PMCID: PMC7463760 DOI: 10.3390/biology9080199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Human-induced biodiversity loss has been accelerating since the industrial revolution. The climate change impacts will severely alter the biodiversity and biogeographical patterns at all scales, leading to biotic homogenization. Due to underfunding, a climate smart, conservation-prioritization scheme is needed to optimize species protection. Spatial phylogenetics enable the identification of endemism centers and provide valuable insights regarding the eco-evolutionary and conservation value, as well as the biogeographical origin of a given area. Many studies exist regarding the conservation prioritization of mainland areas, yet none has assessed how climate change might alter the biodiversity and biogeographical patterns of an island biodiversity hotspot. Thus, we conducted a phylogenetically informed, conservation prioritization study dealing with the effects of climate change on Crete’s plant diversity and biogeographical patterns. Using several macroecological analyses, we identified the current and future endemism centers and assessed the impact of climate change on the biogeographical patterns in Crete. The highlands of Cretan mountains have served as both diversity cradles and museums, due to their stable climate and high topographical heterogeneity, providing important ecosystem services. Historical processes seem to have driven diversification and endemic species distribution in Crete. Due to the changing climate and the subsequent biotic homogenization, Crete’s unique bioregionalization, which strongly reminiscent the spatial configuration of the Pliocene/Pleistocene Cretan paleo-islands, will drastically change. The emergence of the ‘Anthropocene’ era calls for the prioritization of biodiversity-rich areas, serving as mixed-endemism centers, with high overlaps among protected areas and climatic refugia.
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Wu Y, Chen Y, Shen TJ. A Likelihood Framework for Modeling Pairwise Beta Diversity Patterns Based on the Tradeoff Between Colonization and Extinction. Front Ecol Evol 2020. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2020.00064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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17
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Krasnov BR, Shenbrot GI, van der Mescht L, Khokhlova IS. Drivers of compositional turnover are related to species' commonness in flea assemblages from four biogeographic realms: zeta diversity and multi-site generalised dissimilarity modelling. Int J Parasitol 2020; 50:331-344. [PMID: 32224122 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2020.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We investigated drivers of species turnover in fleas parasitic on small mammals in four biogeographic realms using novel methodology (zeta diversity, and Multi-Site Generalised Dissimilarity Modelling). We asked whether (i) flea turnover was better explained by host turnover or environmental variables; (ii) different factors drive the turnover of rare and widespread fleas; (iii) the factors affecting the turnover of rare or widespread fleas differ between realms; and (iv) environmental variables drive flea turnover directly or via their effects on hosts. Dissimilarity in host species composition was the most important factor affecting flea turnover in all realms. In the Afrotropics, the Nearctic, and the Neotropics, this was true mainly for rare species, whereas the zeta diversity of the Palearctic hosts exerted a strong effect on the turnover of both rare and widespread fleas. Dissimilarity in temperature contributed the most to the turnover of rare fleas in the Neotropics and the Palearctic, whereas the turnover of widespread species in these realms was strongly affected by dissimilarity in precipitation. In the Nearctic, dissimilarity in precipitation or temperature mostly affected the turnover of rare fleas or common species, respectively. In the Afrotropics, dissimilarity in the Normalised Difference Vegetation Index and temperature affected the turnover of all species, independently of their level of commonness, while dissimilarity in rainfall was important for the turnover of rare fleas. The responses of flea assemblages to environmental factors represented a combination of direct responses and responses mediated via effects on host turnover. We conclude that host turnover is a more important factor than environmental dissimilarity in its effect on flea species turnover. However, the relative effects of host composition and environment, as well as those of temperature, precipitation and the amount of vegetation, on flea turnover differ (i) between realms and (ii) between rare and common fleas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris R Krasnov
- Mitrani Department of Desert Ecology, Swiss Institute of Dryland Environmental and Energy Research, Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus, Midreshet Ben-Gurion, Israel.
| | - Georgy I Shenbrot
- Mitrani Department of Desert Ecology, Swiss Institute of Dryland Environmental and Energy Research, Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus, Midreshet Ben-Gurion, Israel
| | - Luther van der Mescht
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Irina S Khokhlova
- Wyler Department of Dryland Agriculture, French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus, Midreshet Ben-Gurion, Israel
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18
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Mammola S, Arnedo MA, Fišer C, Cardoso P, Dejanaz AJ, Isaia M. Environmental filtering and convergent evolution determine the ecological specialization of subterranean spiders. Funct Ecol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Mammola
- Molecular Ecology Group (MEG) IRSA—Water Research Institute National Research Council Verbania Pallanza Italy
- Laboratory for Integrative Biodiversity Research (LIBRe) Finnish Museum of Natural History (LUOMUS) University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology University of Turin Turin Italy
| | - Miquel A. Arnedo
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences & Biodiversity Research Institute University of Barcelona Barcelona Spain
| | - Cene Fišer
- Department of Biology Biotechnical Faculty University of Ljubljana Ljubljana Slovenia
| | - Pedro Cardoso
- Laboratory for Integrative Biodiversity Research (LIBRe) Finnish Museum of Natural History (LUOMUS) University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
| | - Andrea J. Dejanaz
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology University of Turin Turin Italy
| | - Marco Isaia
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology University of Turin Turin Italy
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López‐Delgado EO, Winemiller KO, Villa‐Navarro FA. Local environmental factors influence beta‐diversity patterns of tropical fish assemblages more than spatial factors. Ecology 2019; 101:e02940. [DOI: 10.1002/ecy.2940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Edwin O. López‐Delgado
- Department of Wildlife and Fisheries Sciences Texas A&M University College Station Texas 77843 USA
- Grupo de Investigación en Zoología Facultad de Ciencias Universidad del Tolima Tolima Colombia
| | - Kirk O. Winemiller
- Department of Wildlife and Fisheries Sciences Texas A&M University College Station Texas 77843 USA
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Santoandré S, Filloy J, Zurita GA, Bellocq MI. Taxonomic and functional β-diversity of ants along tree plantation chronosequences differ between contrasting biomes. Basic Appl Ecol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2019.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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21
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Taxonomic and functional anuran beta diversity of a subtropical metacommunity respond differentially to environmental and spatial predictors. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0214902. [PMID: 31725730 PMCID: PMC6855460 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0214902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Anurans exhibit limited dispersion ability and have physiological and behavioural characteristics that narrow their relationships with both environmental and spatial predictors. So, the relative contributions of environmental and spatial predictors in the patterns of taxonomic and functional anuran beta diversity were examined in a metacommunity of 33 ponds along the coast of south Brazil. We expected that neutral processes and, in particular, niche-based processes could have similar influence on the taxonomic and functional beta diversity patterns. Distance-based methods (db-RDA) with variation partitioning were conducted with abundance data to examine taxonomic and functional facets and components (total, turnover and nestedness) in relation to environmental and spatial predictors. Processes determining metacommunity structure differed between the components of beta diversity and among taxonomic and functional diversity. While taxonomic beta diversity was further accounted by both environmental and spatial predictors, functional beta diversity responded more strongly to spatial predictors. These two contrasting patterns were different to what we had predicted, suggesting that while there is a taxonomic turnover mediated by environmental filters, the spatial distance promotes the trait dissimilarity between sites. In addition, our data confirm that neutral and niche-based processes operate on anuran metacommunities even at short geographic scales. Our results reinforce the idea that studies aiming to evaluate the patterns of structure in metacommunities should include different facets of diversity so that better interpretations can be achieved.
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Chiarucci A, Nascimbene J, Campetella G, Chelli S, Dainese M, Giorgini D, Landi S, Lelli C, Canullo R. Exploring patterns of beta-diversity to test the consistency of biogeographical boundaries: A case study across forest plant communities of Italy. Ecol Evol 2019; 9:11716-11723. [PMID: 31695881 PMCID: PMC6822039 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.5669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To date, despite their great potential biogeographical regionalization models have been mostly developed on descriptive and empirical bases. This paper aims at applying the beta-diversity framework on a statistically representative data set to analytically test the consistency of the biogeographical regionalization of Italian forests. LOCATION Italy. TAXON Vascular plants. METHODS Forest plant communities were surveyed in 804 plots made in a statistically representative sample of forest communities made by 201 sites of Italian forests across the three biogeographical regions of the country: Alpine, Continental, and Mediterranean. We conducted an ordination analysis and an analysis of beta-diversity, decomposing it into its turnover and nestedness components. RESULTS Our results provide only partial support to the consistency of the biogeographical regionalization of Italy. While the differences in forest plant communities support the distinction between the Alpine and the other two regions, differences between Continental and Mediterranean regions had lower statistical support. Pairwise beta-diversity and its turnover component are higher between- than within-biogeographical regions. This suggests that different regional species pools contribute to assembly of local communities and that spatial distance between-regions has a stronger effect than that within-regions. MAIN CONCLUSIONS Our findings confirm a biogeographical structure of the species pools that is captured by the biogeographical regionalization. However, nonsignificant differences between the Mediterranean and Continental biogeographical regions suggest that this biogeographical regionalization is not consistent for forest plant communities. Our results demonstrate that an analytical evaluation of species composition differences among regions using beta-diversity analysis is a promising approach for testing the consistency of biogeographical regionalization models. This approach is recommended to provide support to the biogeographical regionalization used in some environmental conservation polices adopted by EU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Chiarucci
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental SciencesUniversity of BolognaBolognaItaly
| | - Juri Nascimbene
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental SciencesUniversity of BolognaBolognaItaly
| | - Giandiego Campetella
- Plant Diversity and Ecosystems Management UnitSchool of Biosciences and Veterinary MedicineUniversity of CamerinoCamerinoItaly
| | - Stefano Chelli
- Plant Diversity and Ecosystems Management UnitSchool of Biosciences and Veterinary MedicineUniversity of CamerinoCamerinoItaly
| | - Matteo Dainese
- Institute for Alpine EnvironmentEurac ResearchBolzanoItaly
| | - Daniele Giorgini
- Plant Diversity and Ecosystems Management UnitSchool of Biosciences and Veterinary MedicineUniversity of CamerinoCamerinoItaly
| | - Sara Landi
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental SciencesUniversity of BolognaBolognaItaly
- Department of Natural and Land SciencesUniversity of SassariSassariItaly
| | - Chiara Lelli
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental SciencesUniversity of BolognaBolognaItaly
| | - Roberto Canullo
- Plant Diversity and Ecosystems Management UnitSchool of Biosciences and Veterinary MedicineUniversity of CamerinoCamerinoItaly
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23
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Alpha and beta diversity of birds along elevational vegetation zones on the southern slope of Altai Mountains: Implication for conservation. Glob Ecol Conserv 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2019.e00643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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24
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Carlos‐Júnior LA, Spencer M, Neves DM, Moulton TP, Pires DDO, e Castro CB, Ventura CRR, Ferreira CEL, Serejo CS, Oigman‐Pszczol S, Casares FA, Mantelatto MC, Creed JC. Rarity and beta diversity assessment as tools for guiding conservation strategies in marine tropical subtidal communities. DIVERS DISTRIB 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.12896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lélis A. Carlos‐Júnior
- Departamento de Ecologia Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil
- School of Environmental Sciences University of Liverpool Liverpool UK
| | - Matthew Spencer
- School of Environmental Sciences University of Liverpool Liverpool UK
| | - Danilo Mesquita Neves
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Arizona Tucson Arizona
- Department of BotanyFederal University of Minas Gerais Belo Horizonte Brazil
| | - Timothy Peter Moulton
- Departamento de Ecologia Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Fernanda Araújo Casares
- Departamento de Ecologia Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil
- Instituto Brasileiro de Biodiversidade Rio de Janeiro Brazil
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25
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Environmental heterogeneity explains coarse-scale β-diversity of terrestrial vertebrates in Mexico. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0210890. [PMID: 30682061 PMCID: PMC6347424 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0210890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
We explored the hypothesis that high β–diversity of terrestrial vertebrates of Mexico is associated with a high environmental heterogeneity (HEH) and identify the drivers of β–diversity at different spatial scales. We used distribution range maps of 2,513 species of amphibians, reptiles, mammals, and birds occurring in Mexico. We estimated β–diversity for each taxon at four spatial scales (grid cells of 2°, 1°, 0.5° and 0.25°) using the multiplicative formula of Whittaker βw. For each spatial scale, we derived 10 variables of environmental heterogeneity among cells based on raw data of temperature, precipitation, elevation, vegetation and soil. We applied conditional autoregressive models (CAR) to identify the drivers of β–diversity for each taxon at each spatial scale. CARs increased in explanatory power from fine–to–coarse spatial scales in amphibians, reptiles and mammals. The heterogeneity in precipitation including both, coefficient of variation (CV) and range of values (ROV), resulted in the most important drivers of β–diversity of amphibians; the heterogeneity in temperature (CV) and elevation (ROV) were the most important drivers of β–diversity for reptiles; the heterogeneity in temperature (ROV) resulted in the most important driver in β–diversity for mammals. For birds, CARs resulted significant at fine scales (grid cells of 0.5° and 0.25°), and the precipitation (ROV and CV), temperature (ROV), and vegetation (H) and soil (H) were heterogeneity variables retained in the model. We found support for the hypothesis of environmental heterogeneity (HEH) for terrestrial vertebrates at coarse scales (grid cell of 2°). Different variables of heterogeneity, mainly abiotic, were significant for each taxon, reflecting physiological differences among terrestrial vertebrate groups. Our study revealed the importance of mountain areas in the geographic patterns of β–diversity of terrestrial vertebrates in Mexico. At a coarse scale, specific variables of heterogeneity can be used as a proxy of β–diversity for amphibians and reptiles.
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26
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Teixidó N, Gambi MC, Parravacini V, Kroeker K, Micheli F, Villéger S, Ballesteros E. Functional biodiversity loss along natural CO 2 gradients. Nat Commun 2018; 9:5149. [PMID: 30531929 PMCID: PMC6288110 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-07592-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of environmental change on biodiversity are still poorly understood. In particular, the consequences of shifts in species composition for marine ecosystem function are largely unknown. Here we assess the loss of functional diversity, i.e. the range of species biological traits, in benthic marine communities exposed to ocean acidification (OA) by using natural CO2 vent systems. We found that functional richness is greatly reduced with acidification, and that functional loss is more pronounced than the corresponding decrease in taxonomic diversity. In acidified conditions, most organisms accounted for a few functional entities (i.e. unique combination of functional traits), resulting in low functional redundancy. These results suggest that functional richness is not buffered by functional redundancy under OA, even in highly diverse assemblages, such as rocky benthic communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuria Teixidó
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Department of Integrative Marine Ecology, Villa Dohrn-Benthic Ecology Center, Punta San Pietro Ischia, 80077, Naples, Italy.
- Hopkins Marine Station, Stanford University, Pacific Grove, CA, 93950, USA.
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire d'Océanographie de Villefranche, Villefranche-sur-Mer, France.
| | - Maria Cristina Gambi
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Department of Integrative Marine Ecology, Villa Dohrn-Benthic Ecology Center, Punta San Pietro Ischia, 80077, Naples, Italy
| | - Valeriano Parravacini
- Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, CRIOBE, USR 3278, PSL-EPHE-CNRS-UPVD, LABEX Corail, University of Perpignan, 66860, Perpignan, France
| | - Kristy Kroeker
- University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA
| | - Fiorenza Micheli
- Hopkins Marine Station, Stanford University, Pacific Grove, CA, 93950, USA
- Center for Ocean Solutions, Stanford University, Pacific Grove, CA, 93950, USA
| | - Sebastien Villéger
- MARBEC, Université de Montpellier-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-IRD-IFREMER, University of Montpellier, 34095, Montpellier, France
| | - Enric Ballesteros
- Centre d'Estudis Avançats de Blanes - CSIC, Blanes, 17300, Girona, Spain
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27
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Moreno CE, Calderón-Patrón JM, Martín-Regalado N, Martínez-Falcón AP, Ortega-Martínez IJ, Rios-Díaz CL, Rosas F. Measuring species diversity in the tropics: a review of methodological approaches and framework for future studies. Biotropica 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.12607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia E. Moreno
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas; Instituto de Ciencias Básicas e Ingeniería; Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo; Carretera Pachuca-Tulancingo km 4.5 C.P. 42184 Mineral de la Reforma, Hidalgo Mexico
| | - Jaime M. Calderón-Patrón
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas; Instituto de Ciencias Básicas e Ingeniería; Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo; Carretera Pachuca-Tulancingo km 4.5 C.P. 42184 Mineral de la Reforma, Hidalgo Mexico
- Instituto Tecnológico del Valle de Oaxaca; Ex-Hacienda de Nazareno C.P. 71230 Xococotlán, Oaxaca Mexico
| | - Natalia Martín-Regalado
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas; Instituto de Ciencias Básicas e Ingeniería; Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo; Carretera Pachuca-Tulancingo km 4.5 C.P. 42184 Mineral de la Reforma, Hidalgo Mexico
| | - Ana P. Martínez-Falcón
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas; Instituto de Ciencias Básicas e Ingeniería; Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo; Carretera Pachuca-Tulancingo km 4.5 C.P. 42184 Mineral de la Reforma, Hidalgo Mexico
| | - Ilse J. Ortega-Martínez
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas; Instituto de Ciencias Básicas e Ingeniería; Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo; Carretera Pachuca-Tulancingo km 4.5 C.P. 42184 Mineral de la Reforma, Hidalgo Mexico
| | - Cecilia L. Rios-Díaz
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas; Instituto de Ciencias Básicas e Ingeniería; Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo; Carretera Pachuca-Tulancingo km 4.5 C.P. 42184 Mineral de la Reforma, Hidalgo Mexico
| | - Fernando Rosas
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas; Instituto de Ciencias Básicas e Ingeniería; Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo; Carretera Pachuca-Tulancingo km 4.5 C.P. 42184 Mineral de la Reforma, Hidalgo Mexico
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28
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Varzinczak LH, Moura MO, Lima CS, Passos FC. How do bat, rodent, and marsupial communities respond to spatial and environmental gradients? Insights from a deconstruction of mammal beta diversity from the Atlantic Forest of South America. Oecologia 2018; 189:851-861. [PMID: 30382388 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-018-4288-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Space and environment are fundamental in influencing the community structure. However, their relative influences vary according to species' biological characteristics. Here we test whether differences in life-history traits mainly linked to dispersal abilities influence bat, rodent and marsupial beta diversity along spatial and environmental gradients. We expect bat beta diversity to be weakly related with space in comparison to dispersal-limited rodents and marsupials. Using data from communities distributed along the Atlantic Forest of South America, we calculated the total beta diversity and its turnover and nestedness components for each group. We estimated the strength of correlation of beta diversity and its components along spatial and environmental gradients, comparing their importance within and between groups. Space had the higher influence on rodent and marsupial beta diversity. For bats, both gradients influenced similarly their community composition. Between taxa, the influence of these gradients did not differ for rodents and marsupials, while bats presented a stronger relationship with environment compared to non-volant small mammals. Also, all groups presented a similar influence of the spatial gradients on their community structure, despite their differences in dispersal abilities. Our results suggest that differences in biological characteristics partially influence the community structure of these mammals, with their responses along space likely reflecting similar biogeographical dynamics affecting their distribution. Overall, our results improve the understanding of the processes structuring these communities, highlighting the benefits of comparative analyses within a beta diversity perspective to better understand the influence of multiple processes on the community assembly along geographical gradients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz H Varzinczak
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, 81531-990, Brazil.
- Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, 81531-990, Brazil.
| | - Mauricio O Moura
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, 81531-990, Brazil
- Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, 81531-990, Brazil
| | - Camila S Lima
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, 81531-990, Brazil
- Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, 81531-990, Brazil
| | - Fernando C Passos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, 81531-990, Brazil
- Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, 81531-990, Brazil
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29
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Basham EW, Seidl CM, Andriamahohatra LR, Oliveira BF, Scheffers BR. Distance-decay differs among vertical strata in a tropical rainforest. J Anim Ecol 2018; 88:114-124. [PMID: 30146776 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.12902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Assemblage similarity decays with geographic distance-a pattern known as the distance-decay relationship. While this pattern has been investigated for a wide range of organisms, ecosystems and geographical gradients, whether these changes vary more cryptically across different forest strata (from ground to canopy) remains elusive. Here, we investigated the influence of ground vs. arboreal assemblages to the general distance-decay relationship observed in forests. We seek to explain differences in distance-decay relationships between strata in the context of the vertical stratification of assemblage composition, richness and abundance. We surveyed for a climate-sensitive model organism, amphibians, across vertical rainforest strata in Madagascar. For each tree, we defined assemblages of ground-dwelling, understory, or canopy species. We calculated horizontal distance-decay in similarity across all trees, and across assemblages of species found in different forest strata (ground, understory and canopy). We demonstrate that within stratum comparisons exhibit a classic distance-decay relationship for canopy and understory communities but no distance-decay relationships for ground communities. We suggest that differences in horizontal turnover between strata may be due to local scale habitat and resource heterogeneity in the canopy, or the influence of arboreal traits on species dispersal and distribution. Synthesis. Biodiversity patterns in horizontal space were not consistent across vertical space, suggesting that canopy fauna may not play by the same set of "rules" as their conspecifics living below them on the ground. Our study provides compelling evidence that the above-ground amphibian assemblage of tropical rainforests is the primary driver of the classical distance-decay relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edmund W Basham
- School of Natural Resources and Environment, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Christa M Seidl
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, The University of California, Santa Cruz, California
| | - Lydou R Andriamahohatra
- Department of Experimental Science, CER: Natural Science, Ecole Normale Supérieure, University of Antananarivo, Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | - Brunno F Oliveira
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Brett R Scheffers
- School of Natural Resources and Environment, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida.,Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
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30
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Gamma-diversity partitioning of gobiid fishes (Teleostei: Gobiidae) ensemble along of Eastern Tropical Pacific: Biological inventory, latitudinal variation and species turnover. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0202863. [PMID: 30169538 PMCID: PMC6118385 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0202863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Gobies are the most diverse marine fish family. Here, we analysed the gamma-diversity (γ-diversity) partitioning of gobiid fishes to evaluate the additive and multiplicative components of α and β-diversity, species replacement and species loss and gain, at four spatial scales: sample units, ecoregions, provinces and realms. The richness of gobies from the realm Eastern Tropical Pacific (ETP) is represented by 87 species. Along latitudinal and longitudinal gradients, we found that the γ-diversity is explained by the β-diversity at both spatial scales, ecoregions and provinces. At the ecoregion scale, species are diverse in the north (Cortezian ecoregion) and south (Panama Bight ecoregion) and between insular and coastal ecoregions. At the province scale, we found that the species turnover between the warm temperate Northeast Pacific (WTNP), Tropical East Pacific (TEaP) and the Galapagos Islands (Gala) was high, and the species nestedness was low. At the ecoregion scale, historical factors, and phylogenetic factors have influenced the hotspots of gobiid fish biodiversity, particularly in the Cortezian, Panama Bight and Cocos Island ecoregions, where species turnover is high across both latitudinal and longitudinal gradients. At the provincial level, we found that the contributions of the β-diversity from north to south, in the WTNP, TEaP and Gala were high, as result of the high number of unique species. Species turnover was also high at this scale, with a low contribution from species nestedness that was probably due to the low species/gene flow within the provinces. These results highlight the importance and successful inclusion of a cryptobenthic fish component in ecological and biogeographical studies.
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31
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Rangel TF, Edwards NR, Holden PB, Diniz-Filho JAF, Gosling WD, Coelho MTP, Cassemiro FAS, Rahbek C, Colwell RK. Modeling the ecology and evolution of biodiversity: Biogeographical cradles, museums, and graves. Science 2018; 361:361/6399/eaar5452. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aar5452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Individual processes shaping geographical patterns of biodiversity are increasingly understood, but their complex interactions on broad spatial and temporal scales remain beyond the reach of analytical models and traditional experiments. To meet this challenge, we built a spatially explicit, mechanistic simulation model implementing adaptation, range shifts, fragmentation, speciation, dispersal, competition, and extinction, driven by modeled climates of the past 800,000 years in South America. Experimental topographic smoothing confirmed the impact of climate heterogeneity on diversification. The simulations identified regions and episodes of speciation (cradles), persistence (museums), and extinction (graves). Although the simulations had no target pattern and were not parameterized with empirical data, emerging richness maps closely resembled contemporary maps for major taxa, confirming powerful roles for evolution and diversification driven by topography and climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago F. Rangel
- Departmento de Ecologia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, CP 131, 74.001-970 Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Neil R. Edwards
- School of Environment, Earth, and Ecosystems, The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK
| | - Philip B. Holden
- School of Environment, Earth, and Ecosystems, The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK
| | | | - William D. Gosling
- School of Environment, Earth, and Ecosystems, The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK
- Department of Ecosystem and Landscape Dynamics, Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Marco Túlio P. Coelho
- Departmento de Ecologia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, CP 131, 74.001-970 Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Fernanda A. S. Cassemiro
- Departmento de Ecologia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, CP 131, 74.001-970 Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Ictiologia, Limnologia e Aquicultura. Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Carsten Rahbek
- Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, 2100 Copenhagen O, Denmark
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Ascot SL5 7PY, UK
| | - Robert K. Colwell
- Departmento de Ecologia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, CP 131, 74.001-970 Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
- Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, 2100 Copenhagen O, Denmark
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
- University of Colorado Museum of Natural History, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
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32
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Zhang M, García Molinos J, Zhang X, Xu J. Functional and Taxonomic Differentiation of Macrophyte Assemblages Across the Yangtze River Floodplain Under Human Impacts. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:387. [PMID: 29636763 PMCID: PMC5880924 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Human activities and the consequent extirpations of species have been changing the composition of species assemblages worldwide. These anthropogenic impacts alter not only the richness of assemblages but also the biological dissimilarity among them. One of the main gaps in the assessment of biodiversity change in freshwater ecosystems is our limited understanding regarding how taxonomic and functional facets of macrophyte assemblages respond to human impacts on regional scales. Here, we assess the temporal (before 1970s against after 2000s) changes in taxonomic and functional richness and compositional dissimilarities, partitioned into its turnover and nestedness components, of freshwater macrophyte assemblages across the floodplain lakes of the Yangtze River in China. We found that functional and taxonomic assemblage differentiation occurred simultaneously under increasing human impact, concomitant to a general decrease in functional and taxonomic richness. However, this effect weakened when the historical level of taxonomic dissimilarity among assemblages was high. Macrophyte species with large dispersal range and submersed life form were significantly more susceptible to extirpation. The impact of human activities on differentiation was complex but habitat loss and fishery intensity were consistently the main drivers of assemblage change in these lakes, whereas water quality (i.e., light pollution and nutrient enrichment) had weaker effects. Further, macrophyte taxonomic and functional differentiation was mainly driven by the nestedness component of dissimilarity, accounting for changes in assemblage composition related to changes in species richness independent of species replacement. This result, markedly different from previous studies on freshwater fish assemblages conducted in these lakes, represents a novel contribution toward achieving a more holistic understanding of how human impacts contribute to shape community assemblages in natural ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhang
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
| | - Jorge García Molinos
- Arctic Research Center, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Global Station for Arctic Research, Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Xiaolin Zhang
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Jun Xu
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
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Jiménez-Robles O, Guayasamin JM, Ron SR, De la Riva I. Reproductive traits associated with species turnover of amphibians in Amazonia and its Andean slopes. Ecol Evol 2017; 7:2489-2500. [PMID: 28428841 PMCID: PMC5395459 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.2862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Revised: 01/22/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Assembly of ecological communities is important for the conservation of ecosystems, predicting perturbation impacts, and understanding the origin and loss of biodiversity. We tested how amphibian communities are assembled by neutral and niche-based mechanisms, such as habitat filtering. Species richness, β-diversities, and reproductive traits of amphibians were evaluated at local scale in seven habitats at different elevation and disturbance levels in Wisui Biological Station, Morona-Santiago, Ecuador, on the foothills of the Cordillera del Kutukú; and at regional scale using 109 localities across evergreen forests of Amazonia and its Andean slopes (0-3,900 m a.s.l.). At local scale, species composition showed strong differences among habitats, explained mainly by turnover. Reproductive modes occurred differently across habitats (e.g., prevalence of direct developers at high elevation, where breeding in ground level water disappears). At regional scale, elevation was the most important factor explaining the changes in species richness, reproductive trait occurrences, and biotic dissimilarities. Species number in all groups decreased with elevation except for those with lotic tadpoles and terrestrial reproduction stages. Seasonality, annual precipitation, and relative humidity partially explained the occurrence of some reproductive traits. Biotic dissimilarities were also mostly caused by turnover rather than nestedness and were particularly high in montane and foothill sites. Within lowlands, geographic distance explained more variability than elevation. Habitat filtering was supported by the different occurrence of reproductive traits according to elevation, water availability, and breeding microhabitats at both scales, as well as other assembly mechanisms based in biotic interactions at local scale. Human-generated land use changes in Amazonia and its Andean slopes reduce local amphibian biodiversity by alteration of primary forests and loss of their microhabitats and the interaction network that maintains their unique amphibian assemblages with different reproductive strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Octavio Jiménez-Robles
- Department of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas Madrid Spain.,Zoology Department Universidad de Granada Granada Spain
| | - Juan M Guayasamin
- BIÓSFERA Laboratorio de Biología Evolutiva Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales Universidad San Francisco de Quito Quito Ecuador.,Centro de Investigación de la Biodiversidad y Cambio Climático Ingeniería en Biodiversidad y Recursos Genéticos Facultad de Ciencias de Medio Ambiente Universidad Tecnológica Indoamérica Quito Ecuador
| | - Santiago R Ron
- Museo de Zoología, Escuela de Ciencias Biológicas Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador Quito Ecuador
| | - Ignacio De la Riva
- Department of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas Madrid Spain
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Baselga A. Partitioning abundance‐based multiple‐site dissimilarity into components: balanced variation in abundance and abundance gradients. Methods Ecol Evol 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/2041-210x.12693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Baselga
- Departamento de Zoología Genética y Antropología Física Facultad de Biología Universidad de Santiago de Compostela c/Lope Gómez de Marzoa s/n 15782 Santiago de Compostela Spain
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Penone C, Weinstein BG, Graham CH, Brooks TM, Rondinini C, Hedges SB, Davidson AD, Costa GC. Global mammal beta diversity shows parallel assemblage structure in similar but isolated environments. Proc Biol Sci 2016; 283:20161028. [PMID: 27559061 PMCID: PMC5013794 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2016.1028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The taxonomic, phylogenetic and trait dimensions of beta diversity each provide us unique insights into the importance of historical isolation and environmental conditions in shaping global diversity. These three dimensions should, in general, be positively correlated. However, if similar environmental conditions filter species with similar trait values, then assemblages located in similar environmental conditions, but separated by large dispersal barriers, may show high taxonomic, high phylogenetic, but low trait beta diversity. Conversely, we expect lower phylogenetic diversity, but higher trait biodiversity among assemblages that are connected but are in differing environmental conditions. We calculated all pairwise comparisons of approximately 110 × 110 km grid cells across the globe for more than 5000 mammal species (approx. 70 million comparisons). We considered realms as units representing geographical distance and historical isolation and biomes as units with similar environmental conditions. While beta diversity dimensions were generally correlated, we highlight geographical regions of decoupling among beta diversity dimensions. Our analysis shows that assemblages from tropical forests in different realms had low trait dissimilarity while phylogenetic beta diversity was significantly higher than expected, suggesting potential convergent evolution. Low trait beta diversity was surprisingly not found between isolated deserts, despite harsh environmental conditions. Overall, our results provide evidence for parallel assemblage structure of mammal assemblages driven by environmental conditions at a global scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Penone
- Departamento de Ecologia, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Ben G Weinstein
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Catherine H Graham
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Thomas M Brooks
- International Union for Conservation of Nature, Gland, Switzerland
| | - Carlo Rondinini
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - S Blair Hedges
- Center for Biodiversity, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ana D Davidson
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA NatureServe, Arlington, VA, USA
| | - Gabriel C Costa
- Departamento de Ecologia, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
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Calderón-Patrón JM, Goyenechea I, Ortiz-Pulido R, Castillo-Cerón J, Manriquez N, Ramírez-Bautista A, Rojas-Martínez AE, Sánchez-Rojas G, Zuria I, Moreno CE. Beta Diversity in a Highly Heterogeneous Area: Disentangling Species and Taxonomic Dissimilarity for Terrestrial Vertebrates. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0160438. [PMID: 27500934 PMCID: PMC4976865 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0160438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantifying differences in species composition among communities provides important information related to the distribution, conservation and management of biodiversity, especially when two components are recognized: dissimilarity due to turnover, and dissimilarity due to richness differences. The ecoregions in central Mexico, within the Mexican Transition Zone, have outstanding environmental heterogeneity and harbor huge biological richness, besides differences in the origin of the biota. Therefore, biodiversity studies in this area require the use of complementary measures to achieve appropriate information that may help in the design of conservation strategies. In this work we analyze the dissimilarity of terrestrial vertebrates, and the components of turnover and richness differences, among six ecoregions in the state of Hidalgo, central Mexico. We follow two approaches: one based on species level dissimilarity, and the second on taxonomic dissimilarity. We used databases from the project “Biodiversity in the state of Hidalgo”. Our results indicate that species dissimilarity is higher than taxonomic dissimilarity, and that turnover contributes more than richness differences, both for species and taxonomic total dissimilarity. Moreover, total dissimilarity, turnover dissimilarity and the dissimilarity due to richness differences were positively related in the four vertebrate groups. Reptiles had the highest values of dissimilarity, followed by mammals, amphibians and birds. For reptiles, birds, and mammals, species turnover was the most important component, while richness differences had a higher contribution for amphibians. The highest values of dissimilarity occurred between environmentally contrasting ecoregions (i.e., tropical and temperate forests), which suggests that environmental heterogeneity and differences in the origin of biotas are key factors driving beta diversity of terrestrial vertebrates among ecoregions in this complex area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime M. Calderón-Patrón
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Instituto de Ciencias Básicas e Ingeniería Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Pachuca, Hidalgo, Mexico
| | - Irene Goyenechea
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Instituto de Ciencias Básicas e Ingeniería Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Pachuca, Hidalgo, Mexico
| | - Raúl Ortiz-Pulido
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Instituto de Ciencias Básicas e Ingeniería Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Pachuca, Hidalgo, Mexico
| | - Jesús Castillo-Cerón
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Instituto de Ciencias Básicas e Ingeniería Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Pachuca, Hidalgo, Mexico
| | - Norma Manriquez
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Instituto de Ciencias Básicas e Ingeniería Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Pachuca, Hidalgo, Mexico
| | - Aurelio Ramírez-Bautista
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Instituto de Ciencias Básicas e Ingeniería Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Pachuca, Hidalgo, Mexico
| | - Alberto E. Rojas-Martínez
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Instituto de Ciencias Básicas e Ingeniería Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Pachuca, Hidalgo, Mexico
| | - Gerardo Sánchez-Rojas
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Instituto de Ciencias Básicas e Ingeniería Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Pachuca, Hidalgo, Mexico
| | - Iriana Zuria
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Instituto de Ciencias Básicas e Ingeniería Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Pachuca, Hidalgo, Mexico
| | - Claudia E. Moreno
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Instituto de Ciencias Básicas e Ingeniería Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Pachuca, Hidalgo, Mexico
- * E-mail:
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Freijeiro A, Baselga A. Spatial and environmental correlates of species richness and turnover patterns in European cryptocephaline and chrysomeline beetles. Zookeys 2016:81-99. [PMID: 27408587 PMCID: PMC4926622 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.597.6792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite some general concordant patterns (i.e. the latitudinal richness gradient), species richness and composition of different European beetle taxa varies in different ways according to their dispersal and ecological traits. Here, the patterns of variation in species richness, composition and spatial turnover are analysed in European cryptocephaline and chrysomeline leaf beetles, assessing their environmental and spatial correlates. The underlying rationale to use environmental and spatial variables of diversity patterns is to assess the relative support for niche- and dispersal-driven hypotheses. Our results show that despite a broad congruence in the factors correlated with cryptocephaline and chrysomeline richness, environmental variables (particularly temperature) were more relevant in cryptocephalines, whereas spatial variables were more relevant in chrysomelines (that showed a significant longitudinal gradient besides the latitudinal one), in line with the higher proportion of flightless species within chrysomelines. The variation in species composition was also related to environmental and spatial factors, but this pattern was better predicted by spatial variables in both groups, suggesting that species composition is more linked to dispersal and historical contingencies than species richness, which would be more controlled by environmental limitations. Among historical factors, Pleistocene glaciations appear as the most plausible explanation for the steeper decay in assemblage similarity with spatial distance, both in cryptocephalines and chrysomelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Freijeiro
- Departamento de Zoología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, c/ Lope Gómez de Marzoa s/n, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Andrés Baselga
- Departamento de Zoología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, c/ Lope Gómez de Marzoa s/n, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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Community structure of fleas within and among populations of three closely related rodent hosts: nestedness and beta-diversity. Parasitology 2016; 143:1268-78. [DOI: 10.1017/s0031182016000664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARYWe studied nestedness and its relationships with beta-diversity in flea communities harboured by three closely related rodent species (Rhabdomys pumilio, Rhabdomys intermedius, Rhabdomys dilectus) at two spatial scales (within and among host populations) in South Africa and asked (a) whether variation in species composition of flea communities within and among host populations follows a non-random pattern; if yes, (b) what are the contributions of nestedness and species turnover to dissimilarity (= beta-diversity) among flea communities at the two scales; and (c) do the degree of nestedness and its contribution to beta-diversity differ among host species (socialvssolitary) and between scales. We found that nestedness in flea assemblages was more pronounced (a) in social than solitary host species and (b) at lower (among host individuals within populations) than at higher scale (among host populations). We also found that higher degree of nestedness was associated with its higher contribution to beta-diversity. Our findings support earlier ideas that parasite community structure results from the processes of parasite accumulation by hosts rather than from the processes acting within parasite communities.
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Hölting M, Bovolo CI, Ernst R. Facing complexity in tropical conservation: how reduced impact logging and climatic extremes affect beta diversity in tropical amphibian assemblages. Biotropica 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.12309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Monique Hölting
- Museum of Zoology; Senckenberg Natural History Collections Dresden; Königsbrücker Landstr. 159 D-01109 Dresden Germany
- Department of Ecology; Technische Universität Berlin; Rothenburgstraße 12 D-12165 Berlin Germany
| | - C. Isabella Bovolo
- School of Civil Engineering and Geosciences; Newcastle University; Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU U.K
- Iwokrama International Centre for Rainforest Conservation and Development; 77 High Street Kingston Georgetown Guyana
| | - Raffael Ernst
- Museum of Zoology; Senckenberg Natural History Collections Dresden; Königsbrücker Landstr. 159 D-01109 Dresden Germany
- Department of Ecology; Technische Universität Berlin; Rothenburgstraße 12 D-12165 Berlin Germany
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Svenning JC, Eiserhardt WL, Normand S, Ordonez A, Sandel B. The Influence of Paleoclimate on Present-Day Patterns in Biodiversity and Ecosystems. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ECOLOGY EVOLUTION AND SYSTEMATICS 2015. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-112414-054314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jens-Christian Svenning
- Section for Ecoinformatics and Biodiversity, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark;
| | | | - Signe Normand
- Section for Ecoinformatics and Biodiversity, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark;
| | - Alejandro Ordonez
- Section for Ecoinformatics and Biodiversity, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark;
| | - Brody Sandel
- Section for Ecoinformatics and Biodiversity, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark;
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Temporal Beta Diversity of Bird Assemblages in Agricultural Landscapes: Land Cover Change vs. Stochastic Processes. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0127913. [PMID: 26010153 PMCID: PMC4444199 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0127913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Temporal variation in the composition of species assemblages could be the result of deterministic processes driven by environmental change and/or stochastic processes of colonization and local extinction. Here, we analyzed the relative roles of deterministic and stochastic processes on bird assemblages in an agricultural landscape of southwestern France. We first assessed the impact of land cover change that occurred between 1982 and 2007 on (i) the species composition (presence/absence) of bird assemblages and (ii) the spatial pattern of taxonomic beta diversity. We also compared the observed temporal change of bird assemblages with a null model accounting for the effect of stochastic dynamics on temporal beta diversity. Temporal assemblage dissimilarity was partitioned into two separate components, accounting for the replacement of species (i.e. turnover) and for the nested species losses (or gains) from one time to the other (i.e. nestedness-resultant dissimilarity), respectively. Neither the turnover nor the nestedness-resultant components of temporal variation were accurately explained by any of the measured variables accounting for land cover change (r2<0.06 in all cases). Additionally, the amount of spatial assemblage heterogeneity in the region did not significantly change between 1982 and 2007, and site-specific observed temporal dissimilarities were larger than null expectations in only 1% of sites for temporal turnover and 13% of sites for nestedness-resultant dissimilarity. Taken together, our results suggest that land cover change in this agricultural landscape had little impact on temporal beta diversity of bird assemblages. Although other unmeasured deterministic process could be driving the observed patterns, it is also possible that the observed changes in presence/absence species composition of local bird assemblages might be the consequence of stochastic processes in which species populations appeared and disappeared from specific localities in a random-like way. Our results might be case-specific, but if stochastic dynamics are generally dominant, the ability of correlative and mechanistic models to predict land cover change effects on species composition would be compromised.
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Si X, Baselga A, Ding P. Revealing Beta-diversity patterns of breeding bird and lizard communities on inundated land-bridge islands by separating the turnover and nestedness components. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0127692. [PMID: 25992559 PMCID: PMC4436251 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0127692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 04/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Beta diversity describes changes in species composition among sites in a region and has particular relevance for explaining ecological patterns in fragmented habitats. However, it is difficult to reveal the mechanisms if broad sense beta-diversity indices (i.e. yielding identical values under nestedness and species replacement) are used. Partitioning beta diversity into turnover (caused by species replacement from site to site) and nestedness-resultant components (caused by nested species losses) could provide a unique way to understand the variation of species composition in fragmented habitats. Here, we collected occupancy data of breeding birds and lizards on land-bridge islands in an inundated lake in eastern China. We decomposed beta diversity of breeding bird and lizard communities into spatial turnover and nestedness-resultant components to assess their relative contributions and respective relationships to differences in island area, isolation, and habitat richness. Our results showed that spatial turnover contributed more to beta diversity than the nestedness-resultant component. The degree of isolation had no significant effect on overall beta diversity or its components, neither for breeding birds nor for lizards. In turn, in both groups the nestedness-resultant component increased with larger differences in island area and habitat richness, respectively, while turnover component decreased with them. The major difference among birds and lizards was a higher relevance of nestedness-resultant dissimilarity in lizards, suggesting that they are more prone to local extinctions derived from habitat fragmentation. The dominance of the spatial turnover component of beta diversity suggests that all islands have potential conservation value for breeding bird and lizard communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingfeng Si
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Andrés Baselga
- Departamento de Zoología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, c/Lope Gómez de Marzoa s/n, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Ping Ding
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
- * E-mail:
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Márcia Barbosa
- Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos (CIBIO) InBIO Research Network in Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology University of Évora 7004‐516 Évora Portugal
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Pelayo-Villamil P, Guisande C, Vari RP, Manjarrés-Hernández A, García-Roselló E, González-Dacosta J, Heine J, González Vilas L, Patti B, Quinci EM, Jiménez LF, Granado-Lorencio C, Tedesco PA, Lobo JM. Global diversity patterns of freshwater fishes - potential victims of their own success. DIVERS DISTRIB 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.12271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Cástor Guisande
- Facultad de Ciencias; Universidad de Vigo; Lagoas-Marcosende 36200 Vigo Spain
| | - Richard P. Vari
- Department of Vertebrate Zoology; National Museum of Natural History; Smithsonian Institution; PO Box 37012 MRC 159 Washington D.C. USA
| | - Ana Manjarrés-Hernández
- Instituto Amazónico de Investigaciones-IMANI; Universidad Nacional de Colombia; A.A. 215 Leticia Colombia
| | - Emilio García-Roselló
- Departamento de Informática; Edificio Fundición; Universidad de Vigo; Campus Lagoas-Marcosende 36310 Vigo Spain
| | - Jacinto González-Dacosta
- Departamento de Informática; Edificio Fundición; Universidad de Vigo; Campus Lagoas-Marcosende 36310 Vigo Spain
| | - Jürgen Heine
- Departamento de Informática; Edificio Fundición; Universidad de Vigo; Campus Lagoas-Marcosende 36310 Vigo Spain
| | - Luis González Vilas
- Facultad de Ciencias; Universidad de Vigo; Lagoas-Marcosende 36200 Vigo Spain
| | - Bernardo Patti
- Istituto per l'Ambiente Marino Costiero; U.O. Capo Granitola; Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche; Via del Mare 3 Campobello di Mazara TP 91021 Italy
| | - Enza María Quinci
- Istituto per l'Ambiente Marino Costiero; U.O. Capo Granitola; Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche; Via del Mare 3 Campobello di Mazara TP 91021 Italy
| | | | - Carlos Granado-Lorencio
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología; Facultad de Biología; Universidad de Sevilla; Sevilla Spain
| | - Pablo A. Tedesco
- Département Milieux et Peuplements Aquatiques; Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle; UMR Biologie des Organismes et des Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (UMR BOREA; IRD 207-CNRS 7208-UPMC-MNHN); 43 rue Cuvier 75231 Paris Cedex France
| | - Jorge M. Lobo
- Departamento de Biogeografía y Cambio Global; Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (CSIC); c/José Gutiérrez Abascal 2 28006 Madrid Spain
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da Silva FR, Almeida-Neto M, Arena MVN. Amphibian beta diversity in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest: contrasting the roles of historical events and contemporary conditions at different spatial scales. PLoS One 2014; 9:e109642. [PMID: 25295514 PMCID: PMC4190317 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0109642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2014] [Accepted: 09/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Current patterns of biodiversity distribution result from a combination of historical and contemporary processes. Here, we compiled checklists of amphibian species to assess the roles of long-term climate stability (Quaternary oscillations), contemporary environmental gradients and geographical distance as determinants of change in amphibian taxonomic and phylogenetic composition in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. We calculated beta diversity as both variation in species composition (CBD) and phylogenetic differentiation (PBD) among the assemblages. In both cases, overall beta diversity was partitioned into two basic components: species replacement and difference in species richness. Our results suggest that the CBD and PBD of amphibians are determined by spatial turnover. Geographical distance, current environmental gradients and long-term climatic conditions were complementary predictors of the variation in CBD and PBD of amphibian species. Furthermore, the turnover components between sites from different regions and between sites within the stable region were greater than between sites within the unstable region. On the other hand, the proportion of beta-diversity due to species richness difference for both CBD and PBD was higher between sites in the unstable region than between sites in the stable region. The high turnover components from CBD and PBD between sites in unstable vs stable regions suggest that these distinct regions have different biogeographic histories. Sites in the stable region shared distinct clades that might have led to greater diversity, whereas sites in the unstable region shared close relatives. Taken together, these results indicate that speciation, environmental filtering and limited dispersal are complementary drivers of beta-diversity of amphibian assemblages in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Rodrigues da Silva
- Departamento de Ciências Ambientais, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Sorocaba, São Paulo, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| | - Mário Almeida-Neto
- Departamento de Ecologia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
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Ochoa-Ochoa LM, Munguía M, Lira-Noriega A, Sánchez-Cordero V, Flores-Villela O, Navarro-Sigüenza A, Rodríguez P. Spatial scale and β-diversity of terrestrial vertebrates in Mexico. REV MEX BIODIVERS 2014. [DOI: 10.7550/rmb.38737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Abellán P, Svenning JC. Refugia within refugia - patterns in endemism and genetic divergence are linked to Late Quaternary climate stability in the Iberian Peninsula. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/bij.12309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Abellán
- Ecoinformatics & Biodiversity Group; Department of Bioscience; Aarhus University; Ny Munkegade 114 DK-8000 Aarhus C Denmark
| | - Jens-Christian Svenning
- Ecoinformatics & Biodiversity Group; Department of Bioscience; Aarhus University; Ny Munkegade 114 DK-8000 Aarhus C Denmark
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48
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Dias MS, Oberdorff T, Hugueny B, Leprieur F, Jézéquel C, Cornu JF, Brosse S, Grenouillet G, Tedesco PA. Global imprint of historical connectivity on freshwater fish biodiversity. Ecol Lett 2014; 17:1130-40. [PMID: 25039890 DOI: 10.1111/ele.12319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2014] [Revised: 03/27/2014] [Accepted: 05/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The relative importance of contemporary and historical processes is central for understanding biodiversity patterns. While several studies show that past conditions can partly explain the current biodiversity patterns, the role of history remains elusive. We reconstructed palaeo-drainage basins under lower sea level conditions (Last Glacial Maximum) to test whether the historical connectivity between basins left an imprint on the global patterns of freshwater fish biodiversity. After controlling for contemporary and past environmental conditions, we found that palaeo-connected basins displayed greater species richness but lower levels of endemism and beta diversity than did palaeo-disconnected basins. Palaeo-connected basins exhibited shallower distance decay of compositional similarity, suggesting that palaeo-river connections favoured the exchange of fish species. Finally, we found that a longer period of palaeo-connection resulted in lower levels of beta diversity. These findings reveal the first unambiguous results of the role played by history in explaining the global contemporary patterns of biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murilo S Dias
- UMR Biologie des ORganismes et des Ecosystèmes Aquatiques, UMR BOREA, IRD 207-CNRS 7208-UPMC-MNHN, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 43 rue Cuvier, FR-75231, Paris cedex, France
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Weinstein BG, Tinoco B, Parra JL, Brown LM, McGuire JA, Stiles FG, Graham CH. Taxonomic, phylogenetic, and trait Beta diversity in South American hummingbirds. Am Nat 2014; 184:211-24. [PMID: 25058281 DOI: 10.1086/676991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Comparison of the taxonomic, phylogenetic, and trait dimensions of beta diversity may uncover the mechanisms that generate and maintain biodiversity, such as geographic isolation, environmental filtering, and convergent adaptation. We developed an approach to predict the relationship between environmental and geographic distance and the dimensions of beta diversity. We tested these predictions using hummingbird assemblages in the northern Andes. We expected taxonomic beta diversity to result from recent geographic barriers limiting dispersal, and we found that cost distance, which includes barriers, was a better predictor than Euclidean distance. We expected phylogenetic beta diversity to result from historical connectivity and found that differences in elevation were the best predictors of phylogenetic beta diversity. We expected high trait beta diversity to result from local adaptation to differing environments and found that differences in elevation were correlated with trait beta diversity. When combining beta diversity dimensions, we observe that high beta diversity in all dimensions results from adaption to different environments between isolated assemblages. Comparisons with high taxonomic, low phylogenetic, and low trait beta diversity occurred among lowland assemblages separated by the Andes, suggesting that geographic barriers have recently isolated lineages in similar environments. We provide insight into mechanisms governing hummingbird biodiversity patterns and provide a framework that is broadly applicable to other taxonomic groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben G Weinstein
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794
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50
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Astorga A, Death R, Death F, Paavola R, Chakraborty M, Muotka T. Habitat heterogeneity drives the geographical distribution of beta diversity: the case of New Zealand stream invertebrates. Ecol Evol 2014; 4:2693-702. [PMID: 25077020 PMCID: PMC4113293 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.1124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2014] [Revised: 04/24/2014] [Accepted: 04/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
To define whether the beta diversity of stream invertebrate communities in New Zealand exhibits geographical variation unexplained by variation in gamma diversity and, if so, what mechanisms (productivity, habitat heterogeneity, dispersal limitation, disturbance) best explain the observed broad-scale beta diversity patterns. We sampled 120 streams across eight regions (stream catchments), spanning a north-south gradient of 12° of latitude, and calculated beta diversity (with both species richness and abundance data) for each region. We explored through a null model if beta diversity deviates from the expectation of stochastic assembly processes and whether the magnitude of the deviation varies geographically. We then performed multimodel inference analysis on the key environmental drivers of beta diversity, using Akaike's information criterion and model and predictor weights to select the best model(s) explaining beta diversity. Beta diversity was, unexpectedly, highest in the South Island. The null model analysis revealed that beta diversity was greater than expected by chance in all eight regions, but the magnitude of beta deviation was higher in the South Island, suggesting differences in environmental filtering and/or dispersal limitation between North and South Island. Habitat heterogeneity was the predominant driver of beta diversity of stream macroinvertebrates, with productivity having a secondary, and negative, contribution. This is one of the first studies accounting for stochastic effects while examining the ecological drivers of beta diversity. Our results suggest that local environmental heterogeneity may be the strongest determinant of beta diversity of stream invertebrates, more so than regional- or landscape-scale variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Astorga
- Department of Biology, University of OuluP.O. Box 3000, FI-90014, Oulu, Finland
- Institute of Agriculture and Environment - Ecology, Massey University, Private Bag11-222, Palmerston North, New Zealand
- Finnish Environment Institute, Natural Environment Centre, University of OuluP.O. Box 413, FI-90014, Oulu, Finland
| | - Russell Death
- Institute of Agriculture and Environment - Ecology, Massey University, Private Bag11-222, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Fiona Death
- Institute of Agriculture and Environment - Ecology, Massey University, Private Bag11-222, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Riku Paavola
- Thule Institute, Oulanka Research StationOulanka, Finland
| | - Manas Chakraborty
- Horizons Regional Council, Private Bag11025, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Timo Muotka
- Department of Biology, University of OuluP.O. Box 3000, FI-90014, Oulu, Finland
- Finnish Environment Institute, Natural Environment Centre, University of OuluP.O. Box 413, FI-90014, Oulu, Finland
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