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Lin DW, Yang TM, Ho C, Shih YH, Lin CL, Hsu YC. Targeting Macrophages: Therapeutic Approaches in Diabetic Kidney Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4350. [PMID: 38673935 PMCID: PMC11050450 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is not solely a metabolic disorder but also involves inflammatory processes. The immune response it incites is a primary contributor to damage in target organs. Research indicates that during the initial phases of diabetic nephropathy, macrophages infiltrate the kidneys alongside lymphocytes, initiating a cascade of inflammatory reactions. The interplay between macrophages and other renal cells is pivotal in the advancement of kidney disease within a hyperglycemic milieu. While M1 macrophages react to the inflammatory stimuli induced by elevated glucose levels early in the disease progression, their subsequent transition to M2 macrophages, which possess anti-inflammatory and tissue repair properties, also contributes to fibrosis in the later stages of nephropathy by transforming into myofibroblasts. Comprehending the diverse functions of macrophages in diabetic kidney disease and regulating their activity could offer therapeutic benefits for managing this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Wei Lin
- Department of Internal Medicine, St. Martin De Porres Hospital, Chiayi City 60069, Taiwan;
| | - Tsung-Ming Yang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi County 61363, Taiwan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33303, Taiwan;
| | - Cheng Ho
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi County 61363, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Hsueh Shih
- Departments of Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi County 61363, Taiwan
- Kidney and Diabetic Complications Research Team (KDCRT), Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi County 61363, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Liang Lin
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33303, Taiwan;
- Departments of Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi County 61363, Taiwan
- Kidney and Diabetic Complications Research Team (KDCRT), Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi County 61363, Taiwan
- Kidney Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei 10507, Taiwan
- Center for Shockwave Medicine and Tissue Engineering, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Chien Hsu
- Departments of Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi County 61363, Taiwan
- Kidney and Diabetic Complications Research Team (KDCRT), Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi County 61363, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33303, Taiwan
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2
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Oylumlu E, Uzel G, Durmus L, Ciraci C. IgE Immune Complexes Mitigate Eosinophilic Immune Responses through NLRC4 Inflammasome. Mediators Inflamm 2023; 2023:3224708. [PMID: 37885469 PMCID: PMC10599938 DOI: 10.1155/2023/3224708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune complexes (ICs) skew immune responses toward either a pro- or anti-inflammatory direction based on the type of stimulation. Immunoglobulin E (IgE) is associated with Th2 immune responses and known to activate innate immune cells. However, roles of antigen (Ag)-specific-IgE ICs in regulating human eosinophil responses remain elusive; therefore, this study builts upon the mechanism of which ovalbumin (Ova)-IgE ICs affects eosinophilic responses utilizing human EoL-1 cell line as a model. Eosinophils are granulocytes functioning through pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) and destructive granule contents in allergic inflammation and parasitic infections. One of the PRRs that eosinophils express is NLRC4, a member of the CARD domain containing nucleotide-binding oligomerization (NOD)-like receptor (NLR) family. Upon recognition of its specific ligand flagellin, NLRC4 inflammasome is formed and leads to the release of interleukin-1β (IL-1β). We exhibited that Ova-IgE ICs induced the NLRC4-inflammasome components, including NLRC4, caspase-1, intracellular IL-1β, and secretion of IL-1β, as well as the granule contents MMP9, TIMP1, and TIMP2 proteins via TLR2 signaling; these responses were suppressed, when NLRC4 inflammasome got actived in the presence of ICs. Furthermore, Ova-IgE ICs induced mRNA expressions of MMP9, TIMP2, and ECP and protein expressions of MMP9 and TIMP2 in EoL-1 through FcɛRII. Interestingly, TLR2 ligand and Ova-IgE ICs costimulation elevated the number of CD63+ cells, a degranulation marker, as compared to the native IgE. Collectively, our findings provide a mechanism for the impacts of Ova-IgE ICs on eosinophilic responses via NLRC4-inflammasome and may help understand eosinophil-associated diseases, including chronic eosinophilic pneumonia, eosinophilic esophagitis, eosinophilic granulomatosis, parasitic infections, allergy, and asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ece Oylumlu
- Molecular Biology and Genetics Department, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul 34469, Turkey
| | - Goksu Uzel
- Molecular Biology and Genetics Department, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul 34469, Turkey
| | - Lubeyne Durmus
- Molecular Biology and Genetics Department, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul 34469, Turkey
| | - Ceren Ciraci
- Molecular Biology and Genetics Department, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul 34469, Turkey
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Ouhaddi Y, Dalisson B, Rastinfard A, Gilardino M, Watters K, Job D, Azizi-Mehr P, Merle G, Lasagabaster AV, Barralet J. Necrosis reduction efficacy of subdermal biomaterial mediated oxygen delivery in ischemic skin flaps. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2023; 153:213519. [PMID: 37392519 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2023.213519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023]
Abstract
Inadequate tissue blood supply as may be found in a wound or a poorly vascularised graft, can result in tissue ischemia and necrosis. As revascularization is a slow process relative to the proliferation of bacteria and the onset of tissue necrosis, extensive tissue damage and loss can occur before healing is underway. Necrosis can develop rapidly, and treatment options are limited such that loss of tissue following necrosis onset is considered unavoidable and irreversible. Oxygen delivery from biomaterials exploiting aqueous decomposition of peroxy-compounds has shown some potential in overcoming the supply limitations by creating oxygen concentration gradients higher than can be attained physiologically or by air saturated solutions. We sought to test whether subdermal oxygen delivery from a material composite that was buffered and contained a catalyst, to reduce hydrogen peroxide release, could ameliorate necrosis in a 9 × 2 cm flap in a rat model that reliably underwent 40 % necrosis if untreated. Blood flow in this flap reduced from near normal to essentially zero, along its 9 cm length and subdermal perforator vessel anastomosis was physically prevented by placement of a polymer sheet. In the middle, low blood flow region of the flap, treatment significantly reduced necrosis based on measurements from photographs and histological micrographs. No change was observed in blood vessel density but significant differences in HIF1-α, inducible nitric oxide synthase and liver arginase were observed with oxygen delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yassine Ouhaddi
- Division of Orthopaedics, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Montreal General Hospital, Montreal, QC H3G 1A4, Canada
| | - Benjamin Dalisson
- Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, 2001 McGill College Avenue, Montreal, QC, H3A 1G1, Canada
| | - Arghavan Rastinfard
- Division of Orthopaedics, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Montreal General Hospital, Montreal, QC H3G 1A4, Canada
| | - Mirko Gilardino
- Division of Pastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Montreal General Hospital, Montreal, QC H3G 1A4, Canada
| | - Kevin Watters
- Department of Pathology, Glen Site, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Dario Job
- Division of Orthopaedics, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Montreal General Hospital, Montreal, QC H3G 1A4, Canada
| | - Parsa Azizi-Mehr
- Division of Orthopaedics, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Montreal General Hospital, Montreal, QC H3G 1A4, Canada
| | - Geraldine Merle
- Division of Orthopaedics, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Montreal General Hospital, Montreal, QC H3G 1A4, Canada
| | - Arturo Vela Lasagabaster
- Division of Pastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Montreal General Hospital, Montreal, QC H3G 1A4, Canada
| | - Jake Barralet
- Division of Orthopaedics, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Montreal General Hospital, Montreal, QC H3G 1A4, Canada; Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, 2001 McGill College Avenue, Montreal, QC, H3A 1G1, Canada.
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Deng L, Jian Z, Xu T, Li F, Deng H, Zhou Y, Lai S, Xu Z, Zhu L. Macrophage Polarization: An Important Candidate Regulator for Lung Diseases. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28052379. [PMID: 36903624 PMCID: PMC10005642 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28052379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are crucial components of the immune system and play a critical role in the initial defense against pathogens. They are highly heterogeneous and plastic and can be polarized into classically activated macrophages (M1) or selectively activated macrophages (M2) in response to local microenvironments. Macrophage polarization involves the regulation of multiple signaling pathways and transcription factors. Here, we focused on the origin of macrophages, the phenotype and polarization of macrophages, as well as the signaling pathways associated with macrophage polarization. We also highlighted the role of macrophage polarization in lung diseases. We intend to enhance the understanding of the functions and immunomodulatory features of macrophages. Based on our review, we believe that targeting macrophage phenotypes is a viable and promising strategy for treating lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lishuang Deng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 625014, China
| | - Zhijie Jian
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 625014, China
| | - Tong Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 625014, China
| | - Fengqin Li
- College of Animal Science, Xichang University, Xichang 615000, China
| | - Huidan Deng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 625014, China
| | - Yuancheng Zhou
- Livestock and Poultry Biological Products Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Chengdu 625014, China
| | - Siyuan Lai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 625014, China
| | - Zhiwen Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 625014, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 625014, China
- Correspondence: (Z.X.); (L.Z.); Tel.: +86-139-8160-4765 (L.Z.)
| | - Ling Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 625014, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 625014, China
- Correspondence: (Z.X.); (L.Z.); Tel.: +86-139-8160-4765 (L.Z.)
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Szegvari G, Dora D, Lohinai Z. Effective Reversal of Macrophage Polarization by Inhibitory Combinations Predicted by a Boolean Protein–Protein Interaction Model. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:biology12030376. [PMID: 36979068 PMCID: PMC10045914 DOI: 10.3390/biology12030376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
Background: The function and polarization of macrophages has a significant impact on the outcome of many diseases. Targeting tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) is among the greatest challenges to solve because of the low in vitro reproducibility of the heterogeneous tumor microenvironment (TME). To create a more comprehensive model and to understand the inner workings of the macrophage and its dependence on extracellular signals driving polarization, we propose an in silico approach. Methods: A Boolean control network was built based on systematic manual curation of the scientific literature to model the early response events of macrophages by connecting extracellular signals (input) with gene transcription (output). The network consists of 106 nodes, classified as 9 input, 75 inner and 22 output nodes, that are connected by 217 edges. The direction and polarity of edges were manually verified and only included in the model if the literature plainly supported these parameters. Single or combinatory inhibitions were simulated mimicking therapeutic interventions, and output patterns were analyzed to interpret changes in polarization and cell function. Results: We show that inhibiting a single target is inadequate to modify an established polarization, and that in combination therapy, inhibiting numerous targets with individually small effects is frequently required. Our findings show the importance of JAK1, JAK3 and STAT6, and to a lesser extent STK4, Sp1 and Tyk2, in establishing an M1-like pro-inflammatory polarization, and NFAT5 in creating an anti-inflammatory M2-like phenotype. Conclusions: Here, we demonstrate a protein–protein interaction (PPI) network modeling the intracellular signalization driving macrophage polarization, offering the possibility of therapeutic repolarization and demonstrating evidence for multi-target methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabor Szegvari
- Translational Medicine Institute, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary
| | - David Dora
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary
- Correspondence: (D.D.); (Z.L.); Tel.: +36-1-2156920 (D.D.)
| | - Zoltan Lohinai
- Translational Medicine Institute, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary
- Pulmonary Hospital Torokbalint, 2045 Torokbalint, Hungary
- Correspondence: (D.D.); (Z.L.); Tel.: +36-1-2156920 (D.D.)
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Wang W, Liang M, Wang L, Bei W, Rong X, Xu J, Guo J. Role of prostaglandin E2 in macrophage polarization: Insights into atherosclerosis. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 207:115357. [PMID: 36455672 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis, a trigger of cardiovascular disease, poses grave threats to human health. Although atherosclerosis depends on lipid accumulation and vascular wall inflammation, abnormal phenotypic regulation of macrophages is considered the pathological basis of atherosclerosis. Macrophage polarization mainly refers to the transformation of macrophages into pro-inflammatory (M1) or anti-inflammatory (M2) phenotypes, which has recently become a much-discussed topic. Increasing evidence has shown that M2 macrophage polarization can alleviate atherosclerosis progression. PGE2 is a bioactive lipid that has been observed to be elevated in atherosclerosis and to play a pro-inflammatory role, yet recent studies have reported that PGE2 promotes anti-inflammatory M2 macrophage polarization and mitigates atherosclerosis progression. However, the mechanisms by which PGE2 acts remain unclear. This review summarizes current knowledge of PGE2 and macrophages in atherosclerosis. Additionally, we discuss potential PGE2 mechanisms of macrophage polarization, including CREB, NF-κB, and STAT signaling pathways, which may provide important therapeutic strategies based on targeting PGE2 pathways to modulate macrophage polarization for atherosclerosis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weixuan Wang
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University; Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China; Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University; Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Mingjie Liang
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University; Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China; Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University; Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Lexun Wang
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University; Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China; Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University; Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Weijian Bei
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University; Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China; Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University; Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xianglu Rong
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University; Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China; Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University; Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jianqin Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, Shaanxi Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China.
| | - Jiao Guo
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University; Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China; Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University; Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.
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7
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Chaintreuil P, Kerreneur E, Bourgoin M, Savy C, Favreau C, Robert G, Jacquel A, Auberger P. The generation, activation, and polarization of monocyte-derived macrophages in human malignancies. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1178337. [PMID: 37143666 PMCID: PMC10151765 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1178337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are immune cells that originate from embryogenesis or from the differentiation of monocytes. They can adopt numerous phenotypes depending on their origin, tissue distribution and in response to different stimuli and tissue environment. Thus, in vivo, macrophages are endowed with a continuum of phenotypes that are rarely strictly pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory and exhibit a broad expression profile that sweeps over the whole polarization spectrum. Schematically, three main macrophage subpopulations coexist in human tissues: naïve macrophages also called M0, pro-inflammatory macrophages referred as M1 macrophages, and anti-inflammatory macrophages also known as M2 macrophages. Naïve macrophages display phagocytic functions, recognize pathogenic agents, and rapidly undergo polarization towards pro or anti-inflammatory macrophages to acquire their full panel of functions. Pro-inflammatory macrophages are widely involved in inflammatory response, during which they exert anti-microbial and anti-tumoral functions. By contrast, anti-inflammatory macrophages are implicated in the resolution of inflammation, the phagocytosis of cell debris and tissue reparation following injuries. Macrophages also play important deleterious or beneficial roles in the initiation and progression of different pathophysiological settings including solid and hematopoietic cancers. A better understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in the generation, activation and polarization of macrophages is a prerequisite for the development of new therapeutic strategies to modulate macrophages functions in pathological situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Chaintreuil
- Université Côte d’Azur, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Nice, France
- Inserm U1065, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), Nice, France
| | - Emeline Kerreneur
- Université Côte d’Azur, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Nice, France
- Inserm U1065, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), Nice, France
| | - Maxence Bourgoin
- Université Côte d’Azur, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Nice, France
- Inserm U1065, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), Nice, France
| | - Coline Savy
- Université Côte d’Azur, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Nice, France
- Inserm U1065, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), Nice, France
| | - Cécile Favreau
- Université Côte d’Azur, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Nice, France
- Inserm U1065, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), Nice, France
| | - Guillaume Robert
- Université Côte d’Azur, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Nice, France
- Inserm U1065, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), Nice, France
| | - Arnaud Jacquel
- Université Côte d’Azur, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Nice, France
- Inserm U1065, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), Nice, France
- *Correspondence: Arnaud Jacquel, ; Patrick Auberger,
| | - Patrick Auberger
- Université Côte d’Azur, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Nice, France
- Inserm U1065, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), Nice, France
- *Correspondence: Arnaud Jacquel, ; Patrick Auberger,
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Yao J, Wu D, Qiu Y. Adipose tissue macrophage in obesity-associated metabolic diseases. Front Immunol 2022; 13:977485. [PMID: 36119080 PMCID: PMC9478335 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.977485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue macrophage (ATM) has been appreciated for its critical contribution to obesity-associated metabolic diseases in recent years. Here, we discuss the regulation of ATM on both metabolic homeostatsis and dysfunction. In particular, the macrophage polarization and recruitment as well as the crosstalk between ATM and adipocyte in thermogenesis, obesity, insulin resistance and adipose tissue fibrosis have been reviewed. A better understanding of how ATM regulates adipose tissue remodeling may provide novel therapeutic strategies against obesity and associated metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingfei Yao
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Dongmei Wu
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yifu Qiu
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Yifu Qiu,
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Yakupova EI, Maleev GV, Krivtsov AV, Plotnikov EY. Macrophage polarization in hypoxia and ischemia/reperfusion: Insights into the role of energetic metabolism. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2022; 247:958-971. [PMID: 35220781 PMCID: PMC9189569 DOI: 10.1177/15353702221080130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages, the key cells of innate immunity, possess wide phenotypical and functional heterogeneity. In vitro studies showed that microenvironment signals could induce the so-called polarization of macrophages into two phenotypes: classically activated macrophages (M1) or alternatively activated macrophages (M2). Functionally, they are considered as proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory/pro-regenerative, respectively. However, in vivo studies into macrophage states revealed a continuum of phenotypes from M1 to M2 state instead of the clearly distinguished extreme phenotypes. An important role in determining the type of polarization of macrophages is played by energy metabolism, including the activity of oxidative phosphorylation. In this regard, hypoxia and ischemia that affect cellular energetics can modulate macrophage polarization. Here, we overview the data on macrophage polarization during metabolic shift-associated pathologies including ischemia and ischemia/reperfusion in various organs and discuss the role of energy metabolism potentially triggering the macrophage polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elmira I Yakupova
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119234, Russia
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino 142290, Russia
| | - Grigoriy V Maleev
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka 142432, Russia
| | - Andrei V Krivtsov
- Center for Pediatric Cancer Therapeutics, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Egor Y Plotnikov
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119234, Russia
- V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Perinatology, Moscow 117997, Russia
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10
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Warmink K, Siebelt M, Low PS, Riemers FM, Wang B, Plomp SGM, Tryfonidou MA, van Weeren PR, Weinans H, Korthagen NM. Folate Receptor Expression by Human Monocyte-Derived Macrophage Subtypes and Effects of Corticosteroids. Cartilage 2022; 13:19476035221081469. [PMID: 35255727 PMCID: PMC9137314 DOI: 10.1177/19476035221081469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Folate receptor beta (FR-β) has been used as a clinical marker and target in multiple inflammatory diseases, including osteoarthritis (OA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, the conditions under which FR-β+ macrophages arise remain unclear and could be affected by corticosteroids. Therefore, we studied FR-β expression in vitro in macrophage subtypes and determined their response to triamcinolone acetonide (TA), a clinically often-used corticosteroid. DESIGN Human monocyte-derived macrophages were differentiated to the known M0, M1, or M2 macrophage phenotypes. The phenotype and FR-β expression and plasticity of the macrophage subtypes were determined using flow cytometry, reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS FR-β expression was low in granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF)-generated (M1-like) macrophages and high in macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF)-generated (M0 and M2-like) macrophages. FR-β expression remained high once the M0 or M2 macrophages were stimulated with pro-inflammatory stimuli (interferon-γ plus lipopolysaccharide) to induce M1-like macrophages. On the contrary, anti-inflammatory TA treatment skewed GM-CSF macrophage differentiation toward an M2 and FR-β+ phenotype. CONCLUSIONS As corticosteroids skewed monocytes toward an FR-β-expressing, anti-inflammatory phenotype, even in an M1 priming GM-CSF environment, FR-β has potential as a biomarker to monitor success of treatment with corticosteroids. Without corticosteroid treatment, M-CSF alone induces high FR-β expression which remains high under pro-inflammatory conditions. This explains why pro-inflammatory FR-β+ macrophages (exposed to M-CSF) are observed in arthritis patients and correlate with disease severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Warmink
- Department of Orthopedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands,Kelly Warmink, Department of Orthopedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Michiel Siebelt
- Department of Orthopedics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Philip S. Low
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Frank M. Riemers
- Department of Equine Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Bingbing Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Saskia G. M. Plomp
- Department of Equine Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marianna A. Tryfonidou
- Department of Equine Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - P. René van Weeren
- Department of Equine Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Harrie Weinans
- Department of Orthopedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands,Department of Biomechanical Engineering, TU Delft, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Nicoline M. Korthagen
- Department of Orthopedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands,Department of Equine Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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11
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Anders CB, Lawton TM, Smith HL, Garret J, Doucette MM, Ammons MCB. Use of integrated metabolomics, transcriptomics, and signal protein profile to characterize the effector function and associated metabotype of polarized macrophage phenotypes. J Leukoc Biol 2022; 111:667-693. [PMID: 34374126 PMCID: PMC8825884 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.6a1120-744r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
MΦs display remarkable plasticity and the ability to activate diverse responses to a host of intracellular and external stimuli. Despite extensive characterization of M1 MΦs and a broad set of M2 MΦs, comprehensive characterization of functional phenotype and associated metabotype driving this diverse MΦ activation remains. Herein, an ex vivo model was utilized to produce 6 MΦ functional phenotypes. Isolated CD14+ PBMCs were differentiated into resting M0 MΦs, and then polarized into M1 (IFN-γ/LPS), M2a (IL-4/IL-13), M2b (IC/LPS), M2c (IL-10), and M2d (IL-6/LIF) MΦs. The MΦs were profiled using a bioanalyte matrix of 4 cell surface markers, ∼50 secreted proteins, ∼800 expressed myeloid genes, and ∼450 identified metabolites relative to M0 MΦs. Signal protein and expressed gene profiles grouped the MΦs into inflammatory (M1 and M2b) and wound resolution (M2a, M2c, and M2d) phenotypes; however, each had a unique metabolic profile. While both M1 and M2b MΦs shared metabotype profiles consistent with an inflammatory signature; key differences were observed in the TCA cycle, FAO, and OXPHOS. Additionally, M2a, M2c, and M2d MΦs all profiled as tissue repair MΦs; however, metabotype differences were observed in multiple pathways including hexosamine, polyamine, and fatty acid metabolism. These metabolic and other key functional distinctions suggest phagocytic and proliferative functions for M2a MΦs, and angiogenesis and ECM assembly capabilities for M2b, M2c, and M2d MΦs. By integrating metabolomics into a systems analysis of MΦ phenotypes, we provide the most comprehensive map of MΦ diversity to date, along with the global metabolic shifts that correlate to MΦ functional plasticity in these phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine B. Anders
- Idaho Veteran’s Research and Education Foundation (IVREF); Boise VA Medical Center (BVAMC), Boise, ID 83702; USA
| | - Tyler M.W. Lawton
- Idaho Veteran’s Research and Education Foundation (IVREF); Boise VA Medical Center (BVAMC), Boise, ID 83702; USA
| | - Hannah L. Smith
- Idaho Veteran’s Research and Education Foundation (IVREF); Boise VA Medical Center (BVAMC), Boise, ID 83702; USA, Department of Microbiology and Immunology; Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, ZIP 59717; USA
| | - Jamie Garret
- Idaho Veteran’s Research and Education Foundation (IVREF); Boise VA Medical Center (BVAMC), Boise, ID 83702; USA,School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, ZIP 98195; USA
| | - Margaret M. Doucette
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Boise VA Medical Center (BVAMC), Boise, ID 83702; USA
| | - Mary Cloud B. Ammons
- Idaho Veteran’s Research and Education Foundation (IVREF); Boise VA Medical Center (BVAMC), Boise, ID 83702; USA
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12
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Datsi A, Sorg RV. Dendritic Cell Vaccination of Glioblastoma: Road to Success or Dead End. Front Immunol 2021; 12:770390. [PMID: 34795675 PMCID: PMC8592940 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.770390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastomas (GBM) are the most frequent and aggressive malignant primary brain tumor and remains a therapeutic challenge: even after multimodal therapy, median survival of patients is only 15 months. Dendritic cell vaccination (DCV) is an active immunotherapy that aims at inducing an antitumoral immune response. Numerous DCV trials have been performed, vaccinating hundreds of GBM patients and confirming feasibility and safety. Many of these studies reported induction of an antitumoral immune response and indicated improved survival after DCV. However, two controlled randomized trials failed to detect a survival benefit. This raises the question of whether the promising concept of DCV may not hold true or whether we are not yet realizing the full potential of this therapeutic approach. Here, we discuss the results of recent vaccination trials, relevant parameters of the vaccines themselves and of their application, and possible synergies between DCV and other therapeutic approaches targeting the immunosuppressive microenvironment of GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angeliki Datsi
- Institute for Transplantation Diagnostics and Cell Therapeutics, Heinrich-Heine University Hospital, Medical Faculty, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Rüdiger V Sorg
- Institute for Transplantation Diagnostics and Cell Therapeutics, Heinrich-Heine University Hospital, Medical Faculty, Düsseldorf, Germany
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13
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Monocytes Exposed to Immune Complexes Reduce pDC Type 1 Interferon Response to Vidutolimod. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9090982. [PMID: 34579220 PMCID: PMC8473335 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9090982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Vidutolimod, also known as CMP-001, is a virus-like particle composed of the Qβ bacteriophage coat protein encasing a TLR9 agonist. Vidutolimod injected intratumorally is showing promise in early phase clinical trials based on its ability to alter the tumor microenvironment and induce an anti-tumor immune response. We previously demonstrated that the in vivo efficacy of vidutolimod is dependent on the presence of anti-Qβ antibodies that enhance opsonization and uptake of vidutolimod by TLR9-expressing plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs). Here, we evaluated the effect of immune complexes, including anti-Qβ-coated vidutolimod, on induction of Type 1 Interferon production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells in response to vidutolimod and soluble TLR9 agonists. Immune complexes, including but not limited to anti-Qβ-coated vidutolimod, indirectly suppressed TLR9-mediated Type 1 Interferon production by pDCs in a monocyte-dependent manner. These findings indicate that anti-Qβ-coated vidutolimod has effects in addition to those mediated by TLR9 that could have important clinical implications for understanding the mechanism of action of this exciting new approach to in situ immunization and cancer immunotherapy.
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14
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Fu YL, Harrison RE. Microbial Phagocytic Receptors and Their Potential Involvement in Cytokine Induction in Macrophages. Front Immunol 2021; 12:662063. [PMID: 33995386 PMCID: PMC8117099 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.662063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Phagocytosis is an essential process for the uptake of large (>0.5 µm) particulate matter including microbes and dying cells. Specialized cells in the body perform phagocytosis which is enabled by cell surface receptors that recognize and bind target cells. Professional phagocytes play a prominent role in innate immunity and include macrophages, neutrophils and dendritic cells. These cells display a repertoire of phagocytic receptors that engage the target cells directly, or indirectly via opsonins, to mediate binding and internalization of the target into a phagosome. Phagosome maturation then proceeds to cause destruction and recycling of the phagosome contents. Key subsequent events include antigen presentation and cytokine production to alert and recruit cells involved in the adaptive immune response. Bridging the innate and adaptive immunity, macrophages secrete a broad selection of inflammatory mediators to orchestrate the type and magnitude of an inflammatory response. This review will focus on cytokines produced by NF-κB signaling which is activated by extracellular ligands and serves a master regulator of the inflammatory response to microbes. Macrophages secrete pro-inflammatory cytokines including TNFα, IL1β, IL6, IL8 and IL12 which together increases vascular permeability and promotes recruitment of other immune cells. The major anti-inflammatory cytokines produced by macrophages include IL10 and TGFβ which act to suppress inflammatory gene expression in macrophages and other immune cells. Typically, macrophage cytokines are synthesized, trafficked intracellularly and released in response to activation of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) or inflammasomes. Direct evidence linking the event of phagocytosis to cytokine production in macrophages is lacking. This review will focus on cytokine output after engagement of macrophage phagocytic receptors by particulate microbial targets. Microbial receptors include the PRRs: Toll-like receptors (TLRs), scavenger receptors (SRs), C-type lectin and the opsonic receptors. Our current understanding of how macrophage receptor stimulation impacts cytokine production is largely based on work utilizing soluble ligands that are destined for endocytosis. We will instead focus this review on research examining receptor ligation during uptake of particulate microbes and how this complex internalization process may influence inflammatory cytokine production in macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Lin Fu
- Department of Cell & Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Rene E. Harrison
- Department of Cell & Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, ON, Canada
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15
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Du Y, Rong L, Cong Y, Shen L, Zhang N, Wang B. Macrophage polarization: an effective approach to targeted therapy of inflammatory bowel disease. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2021; 25:191-209. [PMID: 33682588 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2021.1901079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a systemic disease with immune abnormalities that can affect the entire digestive tract. A high percentage of patients with IBD are unresponsive to current pharmacological agents, hence the need exists for novel therapeutic approaches. There is compelling evidence that macrophage polarization plays a key role in the remission of IBD patients and that it could open up future treatment options for patients.Areas covered: This paper highlights the crucial role of macrophage polarization in IBD. The authors shed light on the phenotype and function of macrophages and potential drug targets for polarization regulation. Existing approaches for regulating macrophage polarization are discussed and potential solutions for safety concerns are considered. We performed a literature search on the IBD and macrophage polarization mainly published in PubMed January 2010-July 2020.Expert opinion: Evidence indicates that there are fewer M2 macrophages and a high proportion of M1 macrophages in the intestinal tissues of individuals who are non- responsive to treatment. Regulating macrophage polarization is a potential novel targeted option for IBD treatment. Improved mechanistic insights are required to uncover more precise and effective targets for skewing macrophages into a proper phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoyao Du
- Experiment Center for Science and Technology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lan Rong
- Department of Digestive Diseases, Huashan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanhua Cong
- Center for Pharmaceutics Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Lan Shen
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Experiment Center for Science and Technology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bing Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Center for Pharmaceutics Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
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16
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Ordikhani F, Pothula V, Sanchez-Tarjuelo R, Jordan S, Ochando J. Macrophages in Organ Transplantation. Front Immunol 2020; 11:582939. [PMID: 33329555 PMCID: PMC7734247 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.582939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Current immunosuppressive therapy has led to excellent short-term survival rates in organ transplantation. However, long-term graft survival rates are suboptimal, and a vast number of allografts are gradually lost in the clinic. An increasing number of animal and clinical studies have demonstrated that monocytes and macrophages play a pivotal role in graft rejection, as these mononuclear phagocytic cells recognize alloantigens and trigger an inflammatory cascade that activate the adaptive immune response. Moreover, recent studies suggest that monocytes acquire a feature of memory recall response that is associated with a potent immune response. This form of memory is called “trained immunity,” and it is retained by mechanisms of epigenetic and metabolic changes in innate immune cells after exposure to particular ligands, which have a direct impact in allograft rejection. In this review article, we highlight the role of monocytes and macrophages in organ transplantation and summarize therapeutic approaches to promote tolerance through manipulation of monocytes and macrophages. These strategies may open new therapeutic opportunities to increase long-term transplant survival rates in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farideh Ordikhani
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Venu Pothula
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Rodrigo Sanchez-Tarjuelo
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Stefan Jordan
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Jordi Ochando
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States.,Immunología de Trasplantes, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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17
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Wei X, Valenzuela NM, Rossetti M, Sosa RA, Nevarez-Mejia J, Fishbein GA, Mulder A, Dhar J, Keslar KS, Baldwin WM, Fairchild RL, Hou J, Reed EF. Antibody-induced vascular inflammation skews infiltrating macrophages to a novel remodeling phenotype in a model of transplant rejection. Am J Transplant 2020; 20:2686-2702. [PMID: 32320528 PMCID: PMC7529968 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.15934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
HLA donor-specific antibodies (DSAs) binding to vascular endothelial cells of the allograft trigger inflammation, vessel injury, and antibody-mediated rejection (AMR). Accumulation of intragraft-recipient macrophages is a histological characteristic of AMR, which portends worse outcome. HLA class I (HLA I) DSAs enhance monocyte recruitment by activating endothelial cells and engaging FcγRs, but the DSA-activated donor endothelial influence on macrophage differentiation is unknown. In this study, we explored the consequence of DSA-activated endothelium on infiltrating monocyte differentiation. Here we show that cardiac allografts from murine recipients treated with MHC I DSA upregulated genes related to monocyte transmigration and Fc receptor stimulation. Human monocytes co-cultured with HLA I IgG-stimulated primary human endothelium promoted monocyte differentiation into CD68+ CD206+ CD163+ macrophages (M(HLA I IgG)), whereas HLA I F(ab')2 stimulated endothelium solely induced higher CD206 (M(HLA I F(ab')2 )). Both macrophage subtypes exhibited significant changes in discrete cytokines/chemokines and unique gene expression profiles. Cross-comparison of gene transcripts between murine DSA-treated cardiac allografts and human co-cultured macrophages identified overlapping genes. These findings uncover the role of HLA I DSA-activated endothelium in monocyte differentiation, and point to a novel, remodeling phenotype of infiltrating macrophages that may contribute to vascular injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuedong Wei
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California,Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Nicole M. Valenzuela
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Maura Rossetti
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Rebecca A. Sosa
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Jessica Nevarez-Mejia
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Gregory A. Fishbein
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Arend Mulder
- Department of Immunohaematology and Bloodtransfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Jayeeta Dhar
- Lerner Research Institute and Transplant Center, Cleveland Clinic, Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Karen S. Keslar
- Lerner Research Institute and Transplant Center, Cleveland Clinic, Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - William M. Baldwin
- Lerner Research Institute and Transplant Center, Cleveland Clinic, Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Robert L. Fairchild
- Lerner Research Institute and Transplant Center, Cleveland Clinic, Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Jianquan Hou
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Elaine F. Reed
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California
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18
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Barboza TC, Sotto MN, Kanashiro-Galo L, de Brito AC, Duarte MIS, Quaresma JAS, Pagliari C. M2-Polarized Macrophages Determine Human Cutaneous Lesions in Lacaziosis. Mycopathologia 2020; 185:477-483. [PMID: 32378114 PMCID: PMC7201388 DOI: 10.1007/s11046-020-00450-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Lacaziosis is a cutaneous chronic mycosis caused by Lacazia loboi. Macrophages are important cells in the host immune response in fungal infections. The macrophage population exhibits strong plasticity that varies according to the stimuli in the microenvironment of lesions M1 profile promotes a Th1 pattern of cytokines and a microbicidal function and M2 is related to Th2 cytokines and immunomodulatory response. We investigated the population of M1 and M2 polarized macrophages in human cutaneous lesions. A total of 27 biopsies from human lesions were submitted to an immunohistochemistry protocol using antibodies to detect M1 and M2 macrophages (Arginase-1, CD163, iNOS, RBP-J and cMAF). We could observe high number of cells expressing Arginase1, CD163 and c-MAF that correspond to elements of the M2 profile of macrophage, over iNOS and RBP-J (elements of the M1 profile). The results suggest a predominant phenotype of M2 macrophages, which have an immunomodulatory role and probably contributing to chronicity of Lacaziosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania Cristina Barboza
- Laboratório da Disciplina de Patologia de Moléstias Transmissíveis, Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Av Dr Arnaldo, 455, sala 1118, São Paulo, SP, CEP 01246-903, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Instituto de Assistência Médica ao Servidor Público Estadual - SP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Mirian Nacagami Sotto
- Laboratório da Disciplina de Patologia de Moléstias Transmissíveis, Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Av Dr Arnaldo, 455, sala 1118, São Paulo, SP, CEP 01246-903, Brazil
| | - Luciane Kanashiro-Galo
- Laboratório da Disciplina de Patologia de Moléstias Transmissíveis, Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Av Dr Arnaldo, 455, sala 1118, São Paulo, SP, CEP 01246-903, Brazil
| | | | - Maria Irma Seixas Duarte
- Laboratório da Disciplina de Patologia de Moléstias Transmissíveis, Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Av Dr Arnaldo, 455, sala 1118, São Paulo, SP, CEP 01246-903, Brazil
| | | | - Carla Pagliari
- Laboratório da Disciplina de Patologia de Moléstias Transmissíveis, Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Av Dr Arnaldo, 455, sala 1118, São Paulo, SP, CEP 01246-903, Brazil. .,Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Instituto de Assistência Médica ao Servidor Público Estadual - SP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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19
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Davis JM, Crowson CS, Knutson KL, Achenbach SJ, Strausbauch MA, Therneau TM, Matteson EL, Gabriel SE, Wettstein PJ. Longitudinal relationships between rheumatoid factor and cytokine expression by immunostimulated peripheral blood lymphocytes from patients with rheumatoid arthritis: New insights into B-cell activation. Clin Immunol 2020; 211:108342. [PMID: 31926330 PMCID: PMC7045286 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2020.108342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
To identify associations between immunostimulated cytokine production and disease characteristics, peripheral blood lymphocytes were collected from 155 adult patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) before and after a 5-year interval. The lymphocytes were activated in vitro with T-cell stimulants, cytosine-phosphate-guanine (CpG) oligonucleotide, and medium alone (negative control). Expression of 17 cytokines was evaluated with immunoassays, and factor analysis was used to reduce data complexity and identify cytokine combinations indicative of cell types preferentially activated by each immunostimulant. The findings showed that the highest numbers of correlations were between cytokine levels and rheumatoid factor (RF) positivity and between cytokine levels and disease duration. Scores for cytokines driven by CpG and medium alone were negatively associated with RF positivity and disease duration at baseline but positively associated with both at 5 years. Our findings suggest that RF expression sustained over time increases activation of B cells and monocytes without requirements for T-cell functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M Davis
- Division of Rheumatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America.
| | - Cynthia S Crowson
- Division of Rheumatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America; Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America
| | - Keith L Knutson
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States of America
| | - Sara J Achenbach
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America
| | - Michael A Strausbauch
- Immunochemical Core Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America
| | - Terry M Therneau
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America
| | - Eric L Matteson
- Division of Rheumatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America
| | - Sherine E Gabriel
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America
| | - Peter J Wettstein
- Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America
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20
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Rogers KJ, Brunton B, Mallinger L, Bohan D, Sevcik KM, Chen J, Ruggio N, Maury W. IL-4/IL-13 polarization of macrophages enhances Ebola virus glycoprotein-dependent infection. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2019; 13:e0007819. [PMID: 31825972 PMCID: PMC6905523 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0007819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ebolavirus (EBOV) outbreaks, while sporadic, cause tremendous morbidity and mortality. No therapeutics or vaccines are currently licensed; however, a vaccine has shown promise in clinical trials. A critical step towards development of effective therapeutics is a better understanding of factors that govern host susceptibility to this pathogen. As macrophages are an important cell population targeted during virus replication, we explore the effect of cytokine polarization on macrophage infection. METHODS/MAIN FINDINGS We utilized a BSL2 EBOV model virus, infectious, recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus encoding EBOV glycoprotein (GP) (rVSV/EBOV GP) in place of its native glycoprotein. Macrophages polarized towards a M2-like anti-inflammatory state by combined IL-4 and IL-13 treatment were more susceptible to rVSV/EBOV GP, but not to wild-type VSV (rVSV/G), suggesting that EBOV GP-dependent entry events were enhanced by these cytokines. Examination of RNA expression of known surface receptors that bind and internalize filoviruses demonstrated that IL-4/IL-13 stimulated expression of the C-type lectin receptor DC-SIGN in human macrophages and addition of the competitive inhibitor mannan abrogated IL-4/IL-13 enhanced infection. Two murine DC-SIGN-like family members, SIGNR3 and SIGNR5, were upregulated by IL-4/IL-13 in murine macrophages, but only SIGNR3 enhanced virus infection in a mannan-inhibited manner, suggesting that murine SIGNR3 plays a similar role to human DC-SIGN. In vivo IL-4/IL-13 administration significantly increased virus-mediated mortality in a mouse model and transfer of ex vivo IL-4/IL-13-treated murine peritoneal macrophages into the peritoneal cavity of mice enhanced pathogenesis. SIGNIFICANCE These studies highlight the ability of macrophage polarization to influence EBOV GP-dependent virus replication in vivo and ex vivo, with M2a polarization upregulating cell surface receptor expression and thereby enhancing virus replication. Our findings provide an increased understanding of the host factors in macrophages governing susceptibility to filoviruses and identify novel murine receptors mediating EBOV entry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai J. Rogers
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA United States of America
| | - Bethany Brunton
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA United States of America
| | - Laura Mallinger
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA United States of America
| | - Dana Bohan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA United States of America
| | - Kristina M. Sevcik
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA United States of America
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA United States of America
| | - Natalie Ruggio
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA United States of America
| | - Wendy Maury
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA United States of America
- * E-mail:
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21
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Na YR, Stakenborg M, Seok SH, Matteoli G. Macrophages in intestinal inflammation and resolution: a potential therapeutic target in IBD. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2019; 16:531-543. [PMID: 31312042 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-019-0172-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 482] [Impact Index Per Article: 96.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages are the gatekeepers of intestinal immune homeostasis as they discriminate between innocuous antigens and potential pathogens to maintain oral tolerance. However, in individuals with a genetic and environmental predisposition, regulation of intestinal immunity is impaired, leading to chronic relapsing immune activation and pathologies of the gastrointestinal tract, such as IBD. As evidence suggests a causal link between defects in the resolution of intestinal inflammation and altered monocyte-macrophage differentiation in patients with IBD, macrophages have been considered as a novel potential target to develop new treatment approaches. This Review discusses the molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in the differentiation and function of intestinal macrophages in homeostasis and inflammation, and their role in resolving the inflammatory process. Understanding the molecular pathways involved in the specification of intestinal macrophages might lead to a new class of targets that promote remission in patients with IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Rang Na
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and Institute of Endemic Disease, Seoul National University Medical College, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Michelle Stakenborg
- Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Seung Hyeok Seok
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and Institute of Endemic Disease, Seoul National University Medical College, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Gianluca Matteoli
- Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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22
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Henson D, Tahhan AS, Nardo D, Quyyumi AA, Venditto VJ. Association Between ApoA-I (Apolipoprotein A-I) Immune Complexes and Adverse Cardiovascular Events-Brief Report. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2019; 39:1884-1892. [PMID: 31315438 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.119.312964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The immune response is linked to the progression of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD). Free autoantibodies targeting ApoA-I (apolipoprotein A-I) have been identified as a component of the inflammatory milieu in patients and have a moderate association with CVD progression. Based on the presence of these antibodies and the high concentration of circulating ApoA-I, we hypothesized that antibodies bound to ApoA-I as an immune complex would be predictive of incident adverse CVD outcomes. Approach and Results: The presence of ApoA-I/IgG immune complexes (ICs) in plasma was confirmed by ELISA in 3 subject cohorts. Characterization of the protein components of ApoAI/IgG ICs indicate that ICs are not correlated with total ApoA-I concentration and are enriched in the anti-inflammatory subclass, IgG4, relative to total plasma IgG (>30% versus 6%). In 359 patients with coronary artery disease (CAD), there were 71 incident adverse CVD events (death, myocardial infarction, and stroke) during a median 4.1-year follow-up. In Cox proportional hazard regression analysis, low levels of ApoA-I/IgG ICs were independent predictors of adverse cardiovascular outcomes after adjustment for age, sex, diabetes mellitus, estimated glomerular filtration rate, presence of obstructive CAD, heart failure, total cholesterol, and HDL (high-density lipoprotein) cholesterol (adjusted hazard ratio of 1.90 [95% CI, 1.03-3.49; P=0.038] between the lowest and the highest tertiles). CONCLUSIONS Low levels of ApoA-I/IgG ICs are associated with an increased risk of adverse events in patients with CAD, raising their potential to be used as a biomarker to predict CVD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Henson
- From the Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington (D.H., D.N., V.J.V.)
| | - Ayman Samman Tahhan
- Division of Cardiology, Emory Clinical Cardiovascular Research Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (A.S.T., A.A.Q.)
| | - David Nardo
- From the Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington (D.H., D.N., V.J.V.)
| | - Arshed Ali Quyyumi
- Division of Cardiology, Emory Clinical Cardiovascular Research Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (A.S.T., A.A.Q.)
| | - Vincent J Venditto
- From the Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington (D.H., D.N., V.J.V.)
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23
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Kang SA, Park MK, Park SK, Choi JH, Lee DI, Song SM, Yu HS. Adoptive transfer of Trichinella spiralis-activated macrophages can ameliorate both Th1- and Th2-activated inflammation in murine models. Sci Rep 2019; 9:6547. [PMID: 31024043 PMCID: PMC6484028 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-43057-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Trichinella spiralis is a zoonotic nematode and food borne parasite and infection with T. spiralis leads to suppression of the host immune response and other immunopathologies. Alternative activated macrophages (M2) as well as Treg cells, a target for immunomodulation by the helminth parasite, play a critical role in initiating and modulating the host immune response to parasite. The precise mechanism by which helminths modulate host immune response is not fully understood. To determine the functions of parasite-induced M2 macrophages, we compared the effects of M1 and M2 macrophages obtained from Trichinella spiralis-infected mice with those of T. spiralis excretory/secretory (ES) protein-treated macrophages on experimental intestinal inflammation and allergic airway inflammation. T. spiralis infection induced M2 macrophage polarization by increasing the expression of CD206, ARG1, and Fizz2. In a single application, we introduced macrophages obtained from T. spiralis-infected mice and T. spiralis ES protein-treated macrophages into mice tail veins before the induction of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis, ovalbumin (OVA)-alum sensitization, and OVA challenge. Colitis severity was assessed by determining the severity of colitis symptoms, colon length, histopathologic parameters, and Th1-related inflammatory cytokine levels. Compared with the DSS-colitis group, T. spiralis-infected mice and T. spiralis ES protein-treated macrophages showed significantly lower disease activity index (DAI) at sacrifice and smaller reductions of body weight and proinflammatory cytokine level. The severity of allergic airway inflammation was assessed by determining the severity of symptoms of inflammation, airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), differential cell counts, histopathologic parameters, and levels of Th2-related inflammatory cytokines. Severe allergic airway inflammation was induced after OVA-alum sensitization and OVA challenge, which significantly increased Th2-related cytokine levels, eosinophil infiltration, and goblet cell hyperplasia in the lung. However, these severe allergic symptoms were significantly decreased in T. spiralis-infected mice and T. spiralis ES protein-treated macrophages. Helminth infection and helminth ES proteins induce M2 macrophages. Adoptive transfer of macrophages obtained from helminth-infected mice and helminth ES protein-activated macrophages is an effective treatment for preventing and treating airway allergy in mice and is promising as a therapeutic for treating inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin Ae Kang
- Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Kyung Park
- Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Kyun Park
- Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Ho Choi
- Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Da In Lee
- Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - So Myong Song
- Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hak Sun Yu
- Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea.
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24
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Spear S, Candido JB, McDermott JR, Ghirelli C, Maniati E, Beers SA, Balkwill FR, Kocher HM, Capasso M. Discrepancies in the Tumor Microenvironment of Spontaneous and Orthotopic Murine Models of Pancreatic Cancer Uncover a New Immunostimulatory Phenotype for B Cells. Front Immunol 2019; 10:542. [PMID: 30972056 PMCID: PMC6445859 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
B cells are salient features of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) tumors, yet their role in this disease remains controversial. Murine studies have indicated a protumoral role for B cells, whereas clinical data show tumor-infiltrating B cells are a positive prognostic factor, both in PDAC and other cancers. This disparity needs to be clarified in order to develop effective immunotherapies. In this study, we provide new evidence that reconcile human and mouse data and highlight the importance of using relevant preclinical tumor models when assessing B cell function. We compared B cell infiltration and activation in both a genetic model of murine PDAC (KPC mouse) and an injectable orthotopic model. A pronounced B cell infiltrate was only observed in KPC tumors and correlated with T cell infiltration, mirroring human disease. In contrast, orthotopic tumors exhibited a relative paucity of B cells. Accordingly, KPC-derived B cells displayed markers of B cell activation (germinal center entry, B cell memory, and plasma cell differentiation) accompanied by significant intratumoral immunoglobulin deposition, a feature markedly weaker in orthotopic tumors. Tumor immunoglobulins, however, did not appear to form immune complexes. Furthermore, in contrast to the current paradigm that tumor B cells are immunosuppressive, when assessed as a bulk population, intratumoral B cells upregulated several proinflammatory and immunostimulatory genes, a distinctly different phenotype to that of splenic-derived B cells; further highlighting the importance of studying tumor-infiltrating B cells over B cells from secondary lymphoid organs. In agreement with the current literature, genetic deletion of B cells (μMT mice) resulted in reduced orthotopic tumor growth, however, this was not recapitulated by treatment with B-cell-depleting anti-CD20 antibody and, more importantly, was not observed in anti-CD20-treated KPC mice. This suggests the result from B cell deficient mice might be caused by their altered immune system, rather than lack of B cells. Therefore, our data indicate B cells do not favor tumor progression. In conclusion, our analysis of relevant preclinical models shows B cells to be active members of the tumor microenvironment, producing immunostimulatory factors that might support the adaptive antitumor immune response, as suggested by human PDAC studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Spear
- Centre for Cancer and Inflammation, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Juliana B. Candido
- Centre for Cancer and Inflammation, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jacqueline R. McDermott
- Centre for Cancer and Inflammation, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Pathology, University College London Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Cristina Ghirelli
- Centre for Cancer and Inflammation, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Eleni Maniati
- Centre for Cancer and Inflammation, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen A. Beers
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Centre for Cancer Immunology, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Frances R. Balkwill
- Centre for Cancer and Inflammation, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Hemant M. Kocher
- Centre for Tumor Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Melania Capasso
- Centre for Cancer and Inflammation, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
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25
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Bianchini R, Roth-Walter F, Ohradanova-Repic A, Flicker S, Hufnagl K, Fischer MB, Stockinger H, Jensen-Jarolim E. IgG4 drives M2a macrophages to a regulatory M2b-like phenotype: potential implication in immune tolerance. Allergy 2019; 74:483-494. [PMID: 30338531 PMCID: PMC6492166 DOI: 10.1111/all.13635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Macrophages can be converted in vitro into immunoregulatory M2b macrophages in the presence of immune complexes (ICs), but the role of the specific subclasses IgG1 or IgG4 in this phenotypic and functional change is not known. OBJECTIVE We aimed to refine the original method by applying precisely defined ICs of the subclasses IgG4 or IgG1 constructed by two independent methods. METHODS Monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) were treated with M-CSF, followed by IL-4/IL-13 to induce the M2a allergic phenotype. To mimic unspecific or allergen-specific ICs, plates were coated with myeloma IgG1 or IgG4, or with grass pollen allergen Phl p 5 followed by recombinant human Phl p 5-specific IgG1 or IgG4. M2a polarized macrophages were then added, cultured, and examined for cellular markers and cytokines by flow cytometry, ELISA, and rtPCR. Alternatively, immune complexes with IgG1 or IgG4 were formed using protein L. RESULTS IgG4 ICs down regulated CD163 and CD206 on M2a cells, and significantly increased IL-10, IL-6, TNFα, and CCL1 secretion, indicating a shift to an M2b-like phenotype. Treatment with IgG4 ICs resulted in expression of FcγRII and down modulation of FcγRII compared with IgG1 treated cells (P = 0.0335) or untreated cells (P < 0.00001). CONCLUSION Immune complexes with subclasses IgG1 and IgG4 can in vitro be generated by plate absorption, and in fluid form by protein L. Cross-linking of FcγRIIb by the IgG4 subclass redirects pro-allergic M2a macrophages to an M2b-like immunosuppressive phenotype. This suggests an interplay of macrophages with IgG4 in immune tolerance, likely relevant in allergen immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodolfo Bianchini
- Department of Comparative Medicine; The Interuniversity Messerli Research Institute; University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna; Medical University of Vienna; University Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - Franziska Roth-Walter
- Department of Comparative Medicine; The Interuniversity Messerli Research Institute; University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna; Medical University of Vienna; University Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - Anna Ohradanova-Repic
- Institute for Hygiene and Applied Immunology; Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - Sabine Flicker
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research; Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - Karin Hufnagl
- Department of Comparative Medicine; The Interuniversity Messerli Research Institute; University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna; Medical University of Vienna; University Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - Michael Bernhard Fischer
- Department of Blood Group Serology and Transfusion Medicine; Medical University Vienna; Vienna Austria
- Department of Health Science and Biomedicine; Danube University Krems; Vienna Austria
| | - Hannes Stockinger
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research; Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - Erika Jensen-Jarolim
- Department of Comparative Medicine; The Interuniversity Messerli Research Institute; University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna; Medical University of Vienna; University Vienna; Vienna Austria
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research; Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
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26
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Wang LX, Zhang SX, Wu HJ, Rong XL, Guo J. M2b macrophage polarization and its roles in diseases. J Leukoc Biol 2018; 106:345-358. [PMID: 30576000 PMCID: PMC7379745 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.3ru1018-378rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 487] [Impact Index Per Article: 81.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages play an important role in a wide variety of physiologic and pathologic processes. Plasticity and functional polarization are hallmarks of macrophages. Macrophages commonly exist in two distinct subsets: classically activated macrophages (M1) and alternatively activated macrophages (M2). M2b, a subtype of M2 macrophages, has attracted increasing attention over the past decade due to its strong immune‐regulated and anti‐inflammatory effects. A wide variety of stimuli and multiple factors modulate M2b macrophage polarization in vitro and in vivo. M2b macrophages possess both protective and pathogenic roles in various diseases. Understanding the mechanisms of M2b macrophage activation and the modulation of their polarization might provide a great perspective for the design of novel therapeutic strategies. The purpose of this review is to discuss current knowledge of M2b macrophage polarization, the roles of M2b macrophages in a variety of diseases and the stimuli to modulate M2b macrophage polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le-Xun Wang
- Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Joint Laboratory of Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macao on Glycolipid Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disease Prevention and Treatment of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sheng-Xi Zhang
- Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Joint Laboratory of Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macao on Glycolipid Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disease Prevention and Treatment of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui-Juan Wu
- Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Joint Laboratory of Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macao on Glycolipid Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disease Prevention and Treatment of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiang-Lu Rong
- Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Joint Laboratory of Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macao on Glycolipid Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disease Prevention and Treatment of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiao Guo
- Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Joint Laboratory of Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macao on Glycolipid Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disease Prevention and Treatment of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
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27
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Kozicky LK, Menzies SC, Zhao ZY, Vira T, Harnden K, Safari K, Del Bel KL, Turvey SE, Sly LM. IVIg and LPS Co-stimulation Induces IL-10 Production by Human Monocytes, Which Is Compromised by an FcγRIIA Disease-Associated Gene Variant. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2676. [PMID: 30515163 PMCID: PMC6255983 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Intravenous Immunoglobulin (IVIg) is used to treat autoimmune or inflammatory diseases, but its mechanism of action is not completely understood. We asked whether IVIg can induce interleukin-10 (IL-10) and reduce pro-inflammatory cytokine production in human monocytes, and whether this response is reduced in monocytes from people with an Fcγ receptor IIA (FcγRIIA) gene variant, which is associated with increased risk of inflammatory diseases and poor response to antibody-based biological therapy. IVIg increased IL-10 production and reduced pro-inflammatory cytokine production in response to bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS), which required FcγRI and FcγRIIB and activation of MAPKs, extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), and p38. IL-10 production was lower and pro-inflammatory cytokine production was higher in monocytes from people with the FcγRIIA risk variant and the risk variant prevented IL-10 production in response to (IVIg+LPS). Finally, we show that IVIg did not induce MAPK activation in monocytes from people with the risk variant. Our results demonstrate that IVIg can skew human monocytes to an anti-inflammatory, IL-10-producing activation state, which is compromised in monocytes from people with the FcγRIIA risk variant. This research has profound implications for the use of IVIg because 25% of the population is homozygous for the FcγRIIA risk variant and its efficacy may be reduced in those individuals. In addition, this research may be useful to develop new therapeutic strategies to replace IVIg by cross-linking FcγRIs and FcγRIIBs to promote anti-inflammatory macrophage activation, independent of the FcγRIIA genotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa K Kozicky
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, BC Children's Hospital and the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Susan C Menzies
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, BC Children's Hospital and the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Zheng Yu Zhao
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, BC Children's Hospital and the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Tariq Vira
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, BC Children's Hospital and the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Kiera Harnden
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, BC Children's Hospital and the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Kwestan Safari
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, BC Children's Hospital and the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Kate L Del Bel
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, BC Children's Hospital and the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Stuart E Turvey
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, BC Children's Hospital and the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Laura M Sly
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, BC Children's Hospital and the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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28
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Kewcharoenwong C, Prabowo SA, Bancroft GJ, Fletcher HA, Lertmemongkolchai G. Glibenclamide Reduces Primary Human Monocyte Functions Against Tuberculosis Infection by Enhancing M2 Polarization. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2109. [PMID: 30283449 PMCID: PMC6157405 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is a global public health problem, which is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is one of the leading predisposing factors for development of TB after HIV/AIDS. Glibenclamide is a widely used anti-diabetic drug in low and middle-income countries where the incidence of TB is very high. In a human macrophage cell line, glibenclamide, a K+ATP-channel blocker, promoted alternative activation of macrophages by enhancing expression of the M2 marker CD206 during M2 polarization. M2 macrophages are considered poorly microbicidal and associated with TB susceptibility. Here, we investigated the effect of glibenclamide on M1 and M2 phenotypes of primary human monocytes and further determined whether specific drug treatment for T2DM individuals influences the antibacterial function of monocytes in response to mycobacterial infection. We found that glibenclamide significantly reduced M1 (HLA-DR+ and CD86+) surface markers and TNF-α production on primary human monocytes against mycobacterial infection. In contrast, M2 (CD163+ and CD206+) surface markers and IL-10 production were enhanced by pretreatment with glibenclamide. Additionally, reduction of bactericidal activity also occurred when primary human monocytes from T2DM individuals who were being treated with glibenclamide were infected with Mtb in vitro, consistent with the cytokine responses. We conclude that glibenclamide reduces M1 and promotes M2 polarization leading to impaired bactericidal ability of primary human monocytes of T2DM individuals in response to Mtb and may lead to increased susceptibility of T2DM individuals to TB and other bacterial infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chidchamai Kewcharoenwong
- Mekong Health Science Research Institute, Khon Kaen, Thailand.,Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, The Centre for Research and Development of Medical Diagnostic Laboratories, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Satria A Prabowo
- Department of Immunology and Infection, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom.,Tuberculosis Centre, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gregory J Bancroft
- Department of Immunology and Infection, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom.,Tuberculosis Centre, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Helen A Fletcher
- Department of Immunology and Infection, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom.,Tuberculosis Centre, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ganjana Lertmemongkolchai
- Mekong Health Science Research Institute, Khon Kaen, Thailand.,Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, The Centre for Research and Development of Medical Diagnostic Laboratories, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
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29
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Liberale L, Dallegri F, Carbone F, Montecucco F. Pathophysiological relevance of macrophage subsets in atherogenesis. Thromb Haemost 2017; 117:7-18. [PMID: 27683760 DOI: 10.1160/th16-08-0593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
SummaryMacrophages are highly heterogeneous and plastic cells. They were shown to play a critical role in all stages of atherogenesis, from the initiation to the necrotic core formation and plaque rupture. Lesional macrophages primarily derive from blood monocyte, but local macrophage proliferation as well as differentiation from smooth muscle cells have also been described. Within atherosclerotic plaques, macrophages rapidly respond to changes in the microenvironment, shifting between pro- (M1) or anti-inflammatory (M2) functional phenotypes. Furthermore, different stimuli have been associated with differentiation of newly discovered M2 subtypes: IL-4/IL-13 (M2a), immunecomplex (M2b), IL-10/glucocorticoids (M2c), and adenosine receptor agonist (M2d). More recently, additional intraplaque macrophage phenotypes were also recognized in response to CXCL4 (M4), oxidized phospholipids (Mox), haemoglobin/haptoglobin complexes (HAmac/M(Hb)), and heme (Mhem). Such macrophage polarization was described as a progression among multiple phenotypes, which reflect the activity of different transcriptional factors and the cross-talk between intracellular signalling. Finally, the distribution of macrophage subsets within different plaque areas was markedly associated with cardiovascular (CV) vulnerability. The aim of this review is to update the current knowledge on the role of macrophage subsets in atherogenesis. In addition, the molecular mechanisms underlying macrophage phenotypic shift will be summarised and discussed. Finally, the role of intraplaque macrophages as predictors of CV events and the therapeutic potential of these cells will be discussed.
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30
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Czarnewski P, Araújo ECB, Oliveira MC, Mineo TWP, Silva NM. Recombinant TgHSP70 Immunization Protects against Toxoplasma gondii Brain Cyst Formation by Enhancing Inducible Nitric Oxide Expression. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2017; 7:142. [PMID: 28487847 PMCID: PMC5403831 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2017.00142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii is known to cause congenital infection in humans and animals and severe disease in immunocompromised individuals; consequently development of vaccines against the parasite is highly necessary. Under stress conditions, T. gondii expresses the highly immunogenic heat shock protein 70 (TgHSP70). Here, we assessed the protective efficacy of rTgHSP70 immunization combined with Alum in oral ME-49 T. gondii infection and the mechanisms involved on it. It was observed that immunized mice with rTgHSP70 or rTgHSP70 adsorbed in Alum presented a significantly reduced number of cysts in the brain that was associated with increased iNOS+ cell numbers in the organ, irrespective the use of the adjuvant. Indeed, ex vivo experiments showed that peritoneal macrophages pre-stimulated with rTgHSP70 presented increased NO production and enhanced parasite killing, and the protein was able to directly stimulate B cells toward antibody producing profile. In addition, rTgHSP70 immunization leads to high specific antibody titters systemically and a mixed IgG1/IgG2a response, with predominance of IgG1 production. Nonetheless, it was observed that the pretreatment of the parasite with rTgHSP70 immune sera was not able to control T. gondii internalization and replication by NIH fibroblast neither peritoneal murine macrophages, nor anti-rTgHSP70 antibodies were able to kill T. gondii by complement-mediated lysis, suggesting that these mechanisms are not crucial to resistance. Interestingly, when in combination with Alum, rTgHSP70 immunization was able to reduce inflammation in the brain of infected mice and in parallel anti-rTgHSP70 immune complexes in the serum. In conclusion, immunization with rTgHSP70 induces massive amounts of iNOS expression and reduced brain parasitism, suggesting that iNOS expression and consequently NO production in the brain is a protective mechanism induced by TgHSP70 immunization, therefore rTgHSP70 can be a good candidate for vaccine development against toxoplasmosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Czarnewski
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of UberlândiaUberlândia, Brazil
| | - Ester C B Araújo
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of UberlândiaUberlândia, Brazil
| | - Mário C Oliveira
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of UberlândiaUberlândia, Brazil
| | - Tiago W P Mineo
- Laboratory of Immunoparasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of UberlândiaUberlândia, Brazil
| | - Neide M Silva
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of UberlândiaUberlândia, Brazil
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31
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Adaptive immunity against gut microbiota enhances apoE-mediated immune regulation and reduces atherosclerosis and western-diet-related inflammation. Sci Rep 2016; 6:29353. [PMID: 27383250 PMCID: PMC4935993 DOI: 10.1038/srep29353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Common features of immune-metabolic and inflammatory diseases such as metabolic syndrome, diabetes, obesity and cardiovascular diseases are an altered gut microbiota composition and a systemic pro-inflammatory state. We demonstrate that active immunization against the outer membrane protein of bacteria present in the gut enhances local and systemic immune control via apoE-mediated immune-modulation. Reduction of western-diet-associated inflammation was obtained for more than eighteen weeks after immunization. Immunized mice had reduced serum cytokine levels, reduced insulin and fasting glucose concentrations; and gene expression in both liver and visceral adipose tissue confirmed a reduced inflammatory steady-state after immunization. Moreover, both gut and atherosclerotic plaques of immunized mice showed reduced inflammatory cells and an increased M2 macrophage fraction. These results suggest that adaptive responses directed against microbes present in our microbiota have systemic beneficial consequences and demonstrate the key role of apoE in this mechanism that could be exploited to treat immune-metabolic diseases.
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Garcia S, Hartkamp LM, Malvar-Fernandez B, van Es IE, Lin H, Wong J, Long L, Zanghi JA, Rankin AL, Masteller EL, Wong BR, Radstake TRDJ, Tak PP, Reedquist KA. Colony-stimulating factor (CSF) 1 receptor blockade reduces inflammation in human and murine models of rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Res Ther 2016; 18:75. [PMID: 27036883 PMCID: PMC4818474 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-016-0973-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background CSF-1 or IL-34 stimulation of CSF1R promotes macrophage differentiation, activation and osteoclastogenesis, and pharmacological inhibition of CSF1R is beneficial in animal models of arthritis. The objective of this study was to determine the relative contributions of CSF-1 and IL-34 signaling to CSF1R in RA. Methods CSF-1 and IL-34 were detected by immunohistochemical and digital image analysis in synovial tissue from 15 biological-naïve rheumatoid arthritis (RA) , 15 psoriatic arthritis (PsA) and 7 osteoarthritis (OA) patients . Gene expression in CSF-1- and IL-34-differentiated human macrophages was assessed by FACS analysis and quantitative PCR. RA synovial explants were incubated with CSF-1, IL-34, control antibody (Ab), or neutralizing/blocking Abs targeting CSF-1, IL-34, or CSF1R. The effect of a CSF1R-blocking Ab was examined in murine collagen-induced arthritis (CIA). Results CSF-1 (also known as M-CSF) and IL-34 expression was similar in RA and PsA synovial tissue, but lower in controls (P < 0.05). CSF-1 expression was observed in the synovial sublining, and IL-34 in the sublining and the intimal lining layer. CSF-1 and IL-34 differentially regulated the expression of 17 of 336 inflammation-associated genes in macrophages, including chemokines, extra-cellular matrix components, and matrix metalloproteinases. Exogenous CSF-1 or IL-34, or their independent neutralization, had no effect on RA synovial explant IL-6 production. Anti-CSF1R Ab significantly reduced IL-6 and other inflammatory mediator production in RA synovial explants, and paw swelling and joint destruction in CIA. Conclusions Simultaneous inhibition of CSF1R interactions with both CSF-1 and IL-34 suppresses inflammatory activation of RA synovial tissue and pathology in CIA, suggesting a novel therapeutic strategy for RA. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13075-016-0973-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Garcia
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Laboratory of Translational Immunology and Department of Rheumatology and ClinicalImmunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Linda M Hartkamp
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Laboratory of Translational Immunology and Department of Rheumatology and ClinicalImmunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - B Malvar-Fernandez
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Laboratory of Translational Immunology and Department of Rheumatology and ClinicalImmunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Inge E van Es
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Haishan Lin
- Five Prime Therapeutics, Inc., Two Corporate Drive, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Justin Wong
- Five Prime Therapeutics, Inc., Two Corporate Drive, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Li Long
- Five Prime Therapeutics, Inc., Two Corporate Drive, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - James A Zanghi
- Five Prime Therapeutics, Inc., Two Corporate Drive, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Andrew L Rankin
- Five Prime Therapeutics, Inc., Two Corporate Drive, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Emma L Masteller
- Five Prime Therapeutics, Inc., Two Corporate Drive, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Brian R Wong
- Five Prime Therapeutics, Inc., Two Corporate Drive, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Timothy R D J Radstake
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology and Department of Rheumatology and ClinicalImmunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Paul P Tak
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Present address: GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, UK.,Present address: Cambridge University, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kris A Reedquist
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. .,Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. .,Laboratory of Translational Immunology and Department of Rheumatology and ClinicalImmunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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Clavel C, Ceccato L, Anquetil F, Serre G, Sebbag M. Among human macrophages polarised to different phenotypes, the M-CSF-oriented cells present the highest pro-inflammatory response to the rheumatoid arthritis-specific immune complexes containing ACPA. Ann Rheum Dis 2016; 75:2184-2191. [PMID: 27009917 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2015-208887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Revised: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In the inflamed synovium of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), autoantibodies to citrullinated proteins (ACPA) probably form immune complexes (IC) on deposits of citrullinated fibrin. We showed that in vitro such ACPA-IC activate a pro-inflammatory cytokine response in M-CSF-differentiated macrophages. Our objective was to evaluate how macrophage polarisation influences this response. METHODS CD14-positive monocytes from healthy donors were cultured in the presence of M-CSF, IFN-γ, interleukin (IL)-4 or IL-10. Expression of markers specific for polarised macrophages was analysed by flow cytometry. Their cytokine secretion was prompted by in vitro generated autoantibodies to citrullinated proteins immune complexes (ACPA-IC) and assayed in the culture supernatants. RESULTS IFN-γ-polarised cells exhibited high levels of CD64 and CD80. Low expression of CD14 and high expression of CD206 characterised the IL-4-polarised cells. Exposure to IL-10 or M-CSF raised the expression of CD14, CD32 and CD163. The two cell types lacked CD80 and exhibited similar expression of CD64, CD200R and CD206. In response to ACPA-IC, the secretion of IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-8 was similar among cells exposed to IFN-γ, IL-4 or IL-10. However, the later cells were associated with the highest IL-1Ra:IL-1β ratio and the lowest tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α:IL-10 ratio. Conversely, M-CSF-exposed cells secreted the highest levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, exhibited a high TNF-α:IL-10 ratio and the lowest IL-1Ra:IL-1β ratio. CONCLUSIONS Despite their phenotypic similarity, IL-10-polarised and M-CSF-polarised macrophages clearly differ in their cytokine response to ACPA-IC. M-CSF-polarised cells exhibit the highest pro-inflammatory potential. Since M-CSF is abundant in the RA synovium, therein it probably drives macrophages towards a strong pro-inflammatory cytokine response to the locally formed ACPA-IC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyril Clavel
- INSERM Unité 1056, Toulouse, France.,CNRS Unité Mixte de Recherche 5165, Toulouse, France.,Laboratory of Epidermis Differentiation and Rheumatoid Autoimmunity, Université de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France.,Laboratory of Cell Biology and Cytology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Toulouse, Institut Fédératif de Biologie, Toulouse, France
| | - Laurie Ceccato
- INSERM Unité 1056, Toulouse, France.,CNRS Unité Mixte de Recherche 5165, Toulouse, France.,Laboratory of Epidermis Differentiation and Rheumatoid Autoimmunity, Université de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Florence Anquetil
- INSERM Unité 1056, Toulouse, France.,CNRS Unité Mixte de Recherche 5165, Toulouse, France.,Laboratory of Epidermis Differentiation and Rheumatoid Autoimmunity, Université de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Guy Serre
- INSERM Unité 1056, Toulouse, France.,CNRS Unité Mixte de Recherche 5165, Toulouse, France.,Laboratory of Epidermis Differentiation and Rheumatoid Autoimmunity, Université de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France.,Laboratory of Cell Biology and Cytology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Toulouse, Institut Fédératif de Biologie, Toulouse, France
| | - Mireille Sebbag
- INSERM Unité 1056, Toulouse, France.,CNRS Unité Mixte de Recherche 5165, Toulouse, France.,Laboratory of Epidermis Differentiation and Rheumatoid Autoimmunity, Université de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
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Korolevskaya LB, Shmagel KV, Shmagel NG, Saidakova EV. Systemic activation of the immune system in HIV infection: The role of the immune complexes (hypothesis). Med Hypotheses 2016; 88:53-6. [PMID: 26880638 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2016.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Currently, immune activation is proven to be the basis for the HIV infection pathogenesis and a strong predictor of the disease progression. Among the causes of systemic immune activation the virus and its products, related infectious agents, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and regulatory CD4+ T cells' decrease are considered. Recently microbial translocation (bacterial products yield into the bloodstream as a result of the gastrointestinal tract mucosal barrier integrity damage) became the most popular hypothesis. Previously, we have found an association between immune complexes present in the bloodstream of HIV infected patients and the T cell activation. On this basis, we propose a significantly modified hypothesis of immune activation in HIV infection. It is based on the immune complexes' participation in the immunocompetent cells' activation. Immune complexes are continuously formed in the chronic phase of the infection. Together with TLR-ligands (viral antigens, bacterial products coming from the damaged gut) present in the bloodstream they interact with macrophages. As a result macrophages are transformed into the type II activated forms. These macrophages block IL-12 production and start synthesizing IL-10. High level of this cytokine slows down the development of the full-scale Th1-response. The anti-viral reactions are shifted towards the serogenesis. Newly synthesized antibodies' binding to viral antigens leads to continuous formation of the immune complexes capable of interacting with antigen-presenting cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larisa B Korolevskaya
- Institute of Ecology and Genetics of Microorganisms UB RAS, Perm, Russia; Perm State University, Perm, Russia.
| | - Konstantin V Shmagel
- Institute of Ecology and Genetics of Microorganisms UB RAS, Perm, Russia; Perm State University, Perm, Russia
| | - Nadezhda G Shmagel
- Perm Regional Centre for Protection against AIDS and Infectious Diseases, Perm, Russia; Perm State University, Perm, Russia
| | - Evgeniya V Saidakova
- Institute of Ecology and Genetics of Microorganisms UB RAS, Perm, Russia; Perm State University, Perm, Russia
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Pendergrast J, Willie-Ramharack K, Sampson L, Laroche V, Branch DR. The role of inflammation in intravenous immune globulin-mediated hemolysis. Transfusion 2015; 55 Suppl 2:S65-73. [PMID: 26174900 DOI: 10.1111/trf.13097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Intravenous immune globulin (IVIG) therapy has shown great success in a number of autoimmune and inflammatory conditions and its use continues to increase worldwide. There is growing awareness of significant side effects of high-dose IVIG: however, particularly severe hemolysis in patients that are non-group O. It has been proposed that IVIG-associated hemolysis may be heralded by an existing inflammatory condition. In the work presented herein, we have provided a review of the pathophysiology of inflammation, particularly as it applies in immune-mediated red blood cell hemolysis, and a summary of previous publications that suggest an association between IVIG-mediated hemolysis and a state of existing inflammation. In addition, preliminary results from a prospective study to address the mechanism of IVIG-associated hemolysis are provided. These preliminary data support the idea of an existing inflammatory condition preceding overt hemolysis after high-dose IVIG therapy that: 1) is restricted to non-group O patients, 2) is seen when using IVIG doses of more than 2 g/kg, 3) involves an activated mononuclear phagocyte system, 4) may be presaged by a significant increase in the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-1 receptor agonist, and 5) is independent of secretor status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Pendergrast
- Laboratory Medicine Program, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Lorna Sampson
- Laboratory Medicine Program, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Vincent Laroche
- Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et Pneumologie de Québec & CHU de Québec and Hôpitaux Enfant-Jésus et Saint-Sacrement, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Donald R Branch
- Centre for Innovation, Canadian Blood Services, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Swisher JFA, Haddad DA, McGrath AG, Boekhoudt GH, Feldman GM. IgG4 can induce an M2-like phenotype in human monocyte-derived macrophages through FcγRI. MAbs 2015; 6:1377-84. [PMID: 25484046 DOI: 10.4161/19420862.2014.975657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibodies evoke cellular responses through the binding of their Fc region to Fc receptors, most of which contain immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif domains and are thus considered "activating." However, there is a growing appreciation of these receptors for their ability to deliver an inhibitory signal as well. We previously described one such phenomenon whereby interferon (IFN)γ signaling is inhibited by immune complex signaling through FcγRI. To understand the implications of this in the context of therapeutic antibodies, we assessed individual IgG subclasses to determine their ability to deliver this anti-inflammatory signal in monocyte-derived macrophages. Like IgG1, we found that IgG4 is fully capable of inhibiting IFNγ-mediated events. In addition, F(ab')2 fragments that interfere with FcγRI signaling reversed this effect. For mAbs developed with either an IgG1 or an IgG4 constant region for indications where inflammation is undesirable, further examination of a potential Fc-dependent contribution to their mechanism of action is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer F A Swisher
- a Laboratory of Molecular and Developmental Immunology; Division of Monoclonal Antibodies; Office of Biotechnology Products; Center for Drug Evaluation and Research; Food and Drug Administration ; Bethesda , MD USA
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Sousa S, Brion R, Lintunen M, Kronqvist P, Sandholm J, Mönkkönen J, Kellokumpu-Lehtinen PL, Lauttia S, Tynninen O, Joensuu H, Heymann D, Määttä JA. Human breast cancer cells educate macrophages toward the M2 activation status. Breast Cancer Res 2015; 17:101. [PMID: 26243145 PMCID: PMC4531540 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-015-0621-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 272] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The immune system plays a major role in cancer progression. In solid tumors, 5-40 % of the tumor mass consists of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and there is usually a correlation between the number of TAMs and poor prognosis, depending on the tumor type. TAMs usually resemble M2 macrophages. Unlike M1-macrophages which have pro-inflammatory and anti-cancer functions, M2-macrophages are immunosuppressive, contribute to the matrix-remodeling, and hence favor tumor growth. The role of TAMs is not fully understood in breast cancer progression. Methods Macrophage infiltration (CD68) and activation status (HLA-DRIIα, CD163) were evaluated in a large cohort of human primary breast tumors (562 tissue microarray samples), by immunohistochemistry and scored by automated image analysis algorithms. Survival between groups was compared using the Kaplan-Meier life-table method and a Cox multivariate proportional hazards model. Macrophage education by breast cancer cells was assessed by ex vivo differentiation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in the presence or absence of breast cancer cell conditioned media (MDA-MB231, MCF-7 or T47D cell lines) and M1 or M2 inducing cytokines (respectively IFN-γ, IL-4 and IL-10). Obtained macrophages were analyzed by flow cytometry (CD14, CD16, CD64, CD86, CD200R and CD163), ELISA (IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, monocyte colony stimulating factor M-CSF) and zymography (matrix metalloproteinase 9, MMP-9). Results Clinically, we found that high numbers of CD163+ M2-macrophages were strongly associated with fast proliferation, poor differentiation, estrogen receptor negativity and histological ductal type (p<0.001) in the studied cohort of human primary breast tumors. We demonstrated ex vivo that breast cancer cell-secreted factors modulate macrophage differentiation toward the M2 phenotype. Furthermore, the more aggressive mesenchymal-like cell line MDA-MB231, which secretes high levels of M-CSF, skews macrophages toward the more immunosuppressive M2c subtype. Conclusions This study demonstrates that human breast cancer cells influence macrophage differentiation and that TAM differentiation status correlates with recurrence free survival, thus further emphasizing that TAMs can similarly affect therapy efficacy and patient outcome. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13058-015-0621-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Sousa
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1C, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Régis Brion
- INSERM, UMR957, Equipe LIGUE 2012, Nantes, F-44035, France. .,Université de Nantes, Nantes atlantique universités, Laboratoire de Physiopathologie de la Résorption Osseuse et Thérapie des Tumeurs Osseuses Primitives, Nantes, F-44035, France. .,CHU de Nantes, Nantes, F-44035, France.
| | - Minnamaija Lintunen
- Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
| | - Pauliina Kronqvist
- Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
| | - Jouko Sandholm
- Cell Imaging Core, Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku, and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland.
| | - Jukka Mönkkönen
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1C, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland.
| | | | - Susanna Lauttia
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Olli Tynninen
- Department of Pathology, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki and HUSLAB, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Heikki Joensuu
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland. .,Comprehensive Cancer Center, Helsinki University Hospital, and Department of Oncology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Dominique Heymann
- INSERM, UMR957, Equipe LIGUE 2012, Nantes, F-44035, France. .,Université de Nantes, Nantes atlantique universités, Laboratoire de Physiopathologie de la Résorption Osseuse et Thérapie des Tumeurs Osseuses Primitives, Nantes, F-44035, France. .,CHU de Nantes, Nantes, F-44035, France.
| | - Jorma A Määttä
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1C, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland. .,Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
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Okano M, Fujiwara T, Kariya S, Haruna T, Higaki T, Noyama Y, Makihara SI, Kanai K, Nishizaki K. Staphylococcal protein A-formulated immune complexes suppress enterotoxin-induced cellular responses in nasal polyps. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2015; 136:343-50.e8. [PMID: 25724120 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2014.10.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2014] [Revised: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 10/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies have revealed that Staphylococcus aureus and its components participate in the pathogenesis of eosinophilic airway diseases, such as chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps. OBJECTIVE We sought to determine whether staphylococcal protein A (SpA) from S aureus regulated cellular responses in nasal polyps, especially when coupled to immunoglobulins in immune complexes (ICs). METHODS Dispersed nasal polyp cells (DNPCs) or peripheral blood monocytes were cultured in vitro with SpA in the presence or absence of IgG, and IL-5, IL-13, IFN-γ, IL-17A, and IL-10 levels were measured in the supernatants. The effect of SpA exposure on staphylococcal enterotoxin B-induced cytokine production by DNPCs in the presence and absence of IgG, IgA, and autologous serum was also examined. RESULTS Exposure to SpA induced DNPCs to produce significantly higher IL-10, IL-13, and IL-17A levels than DNPCs without SpA, although the magnitude of the IL-17A increase was less than that of IL-10 and IL-13. SpA induced IL-10 production mainly from adherent DNPCs, and this was significantly enhanced in the presence of IgG; similar results were observed in peripheral blood monocytes. IC formation between SpA and IgG (SpA-IgG ICs) was confirmed by using native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. SpA-IgG ICs, but not SpA alone, almost completely suppressed staphylococcal enterotoxin B-induced IL-5, IL-13, IFN-γ, and IL-17A production by DNPCs; similar inhibition was observed in DNPCs treated with SpA in the presence of either IgA or autologous serum. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that SpA can regulate the pathogenesis of enterotoxin-induced inflammation in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps through coupling to immunoglobulins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuhiro Okano
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan.
| | - Tazuko Fujiwara
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Shin Kariya
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Takenori Haruna
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Takaya Higaki
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Noyama
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | | | - Kengo Kanai
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Kagawa Prefectural Central Hospital, Takamatsu, Japan
| | - Kazunori Nishizaki
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
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Vogelpoel LTC, Baeten DLP, de Jong EC, den Dunnen J. Control of cytokine production by human fc gamma receptors: implications for pathogen defense and autoimmunity. Front Immunol 2015; 6:79. [PMID: 25759693 PMCID: PMC4338787 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Control of cytokine production by immune cells is pivotal for counteracting infections via orchestration of local and systemic inflammation. Although their contribution has long been underexposed, it has recently become clear that human Fc gamma receptors (FcγRs), which are receptors for the Fc region of immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies, play a critical role in this process by controlling tissue- and pathogen-specific cytokine production. Whereas individual stimulation of FcγRs does not evoke cytokine production, FcγRs cell-type specifically interact with various other receptors for selective amplification or inhibition of particular cytokines, thereby tailoring cytokine responses to the immunological context. The physiological function of FcγR-mediated control of cytokine production is to counteract infections with various classes of pathogens. Upon IgG opsonization, pathogens are simultaneously recognized by FcγRs as well as by various pathogen-sensing receptors, leading to the induction of pathogen class-specific immune responses. However, when erroneously activated, the same mechanism also contributes to the development of autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus. In this review, we discuss control of cytokine production as a novel function of FcγRs in human innate immune cells in the context of homeostasis, infection, and autoimmunity and address the possibilities for future therapeutic exploitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa T C Vogelpoel
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam , Amsterdam , Netherlands
| | - Dominique L P Baeten
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam , Amsterdam , Netherlands
| | - Esther C de Jong
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam , Amsterdam , Netherlands
| | - Jeroen den Dunnen
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam , Amsterdam , Netherlands
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40
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Gibson-Corley KN, Bockenstedt MM, Li H, Boggiatto PM, Phanse Y, Petersen CA, Bellaire BH, Jones DE. An in vitro model of antibody-enhanced killing of the intracellular parasite Leishmania amazonensis. PLoS One 2014; 9:e106426. [PMID: 25191842 PMCID: PMC4156363 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0106426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2014] [Accepted: 07/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Footpad infection of C3HeB/FeJ mice with Leishmania amazonensis leads to chronic lesions accompanied by large parasite loads. Co-infecting these animals with L. major leads to induction of an effective Th1 immune response that can resolve these lesions. This cross-protection can be recapitulated in vitro by using immune cells from L. major-infected animals to effectively activate L. amazonensis-infected macrophages to kill the parasite. We have shown previously that the B cell population and their IgG2a antibodies are required for effective cross-protection. Here we demonstrate that, in contrast to L. major, killing L. amazonensis parasites is dependent upon FcRγ common-chain and NADPH oxidase-generated superoxide from infected macrophages. Superoxide production coincided with killing of L. amazonensis at five days post-activation, suggesting that opsonization of the parasites was not a likely mechanism of the antibody response. Therefore we tested the hypothesis that non-specific immune complexes could provide a mechanism of FcRγ common-chain/NADPH oxidase dependent parasite killing. Macrophage activation in response to soluble IgG2a immune complexes, IFN-γ and parasite antigen was effective in significantly reducing the percentage of macrophages infected with L. amazonensis. These results define a host protection mechanism effective during Leishmania infection and demonstrate for the first time a novel means by which IgG antibodies can enhance killing of an intracellular pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine N. Gibson-Corley
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Marie M. Bockenstedt
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Huijuan Li
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Paola M. Boggiatto
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Yashdeep Phanse
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Christine A. Petersen
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Bryan H. Bellaire
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Douglas E. Jones
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Frischmeyer-Guerrerio PA, Keet CA, Guerrerio AL, Chichester KL, Bieneman AP, Hamilton RG, Wood RA, Schroeder JT. Modulation of dendritic cell innate and adaptive immune functions by oral and sublingual immunotherapy. Clin Immunol 2014; 155:47-59. [PMID: 25173802 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2014.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2014] [Revised: 08/16/2014] [Accepted: 08/19/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Sublingual (SLIT) and oral immunotherapy (OIT) are promising treatments for food allergy, but underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Dendritic cells (DCs) induce and maintain Th2-type allergen-specific T cells, and also regulate innate immunity through their expression of Toll-like receptors (TLRs). We examined how SLIT and OIT influenced DC innate and adaptive immune responses in children with IgE-mediated cow's milk (CM) allergy. SLIT, but not OIT, decreased TLR-induced IL-6 secretion by myeloid DCs (mDCs). SLIT and OIT altered mDC IL-10 secretion, a potent inhibitor of FcεRI-dependent pro-inflammatory responses. OIT uniquely augmented IFN-α and decreased IL-6 secretion by plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs), which was associated with reduced TLR-induced IL-13 release in pDC-T cell co-cultures. Both SLIT and OIT decreased Th2 cytokine secretion to CM in pDC-T, but not mDC-T, co-cultures. Therefore, SLIT and OIT exert unique effects on DC-driven innate and adaptive immune responses, which may inhibit allergic inflammation and promote tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela A Frischmeyer-Guerrerio
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Corinne A Keet
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Anthony L Guerrerio
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Kristin L Chichester
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Anja P Bieneman
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Robert G Hamilton
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Robert A Wood
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - John T Schroeder
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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Vogel DYS, Glim JE, Stavenuiter AWD, Breur M, Heijnen P, Amor S, Dijkstra CD, Beelen RHJ. Human macrophage polarization in vitro: maturation and activation methods compared. Immunobiology 2014; 219:695-703. [PMID: 24916404 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2014.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 283] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2013] [Revised: 03/31/2014] [Accepted: 05/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages form a heterogeneous cell population displaying multiple functions, and can be polarized into pro- (M1) or anti-inflammatory (M2) macrophages, by environmental factors. Their activation status reflects a beneficial or detrimental role in various diseases. Currently several in vitro maturation and activation protocols are used to induce an M1 or M2 phenotype. Here, the impact of different maturation factors (NHS, M-CSF, or GM-CSF) and activation methods (IFN-γ/LPS, IL-4, dexamethason, IL-10) on the macrophage phenotype was determined. Regarding macrophage morphology, pro-inflammatory (M1) activation stimulated cell elongation, and anti-inflammatory (M2) activation induced a circular appearance. Activation with pro-inflammatory mediators led to increased CD40 and CD64 expression, whereas activation with anti-inflammatory factors resulted in increased levels of MR and CD163. Production of pro-inflammatory cytokines was induced by activation with IFN-γ/LPS, and TGF-β production was enhanced by the maturation factors M-CSF and GM-CSF. Our data demonstrate that macrophage marker expression and cytokine production in vitro is highly dependent on both maturation and activation methods. In vivo macrophage activation is far more complex, since a plethora of stimuli are present. Hence, defining the macrophage activation status ex vivo on a limited number of markers could be indecisive. From this study we conclude that maturation with M-CSF or GM-CSF induces a moderate anti- or pro-inflammatory state respectively, compared to maturation with NHS. CD40 and CD64 are the most distinctive makers for human M1 and CD163 and MR for M2 macrophage activation and therefore can be helpful in determining the activation status of human macrophages ex vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daphne Y S Vogel
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology & Immunology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Judith E Glim
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology & Immunology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Andrea W D Stavenuiter
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology & Immunology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marjolein Breur
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology & Immunology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Priscilla Heijnen
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology & Immunology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sandra Amor
- Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Neuroscience and Trauma, Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, E1 2AT London, United Kingdom
| | - Christine D Dijkstra
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology & Immunology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Robert H J Beelen
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology & Immunology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Laurent L, Anquetil F, Clavel C, Ndongo-Thiam N, Offer G, Miossec P, Pasquali JL, Sebbag M, Serre G. IgM rheumatoid factor amplifies the inflammatory response of macrophages induced by the rheumatoid arthritis-specific immune complexes containing anticitrullinated protein antibodies. Ann Rheum Dis 2014; 74:1425-31. [PMID: 24618262 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2013-204543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2013] [Accepted: 02/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Anticitrullinated protein antibodies (ACPA) are specifically associated with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and produced in inflamed synovial membranes where citrullinated fibrin, their antigenic target, is abundant. We showed that immune complexes containing IgG ACPA (ACPA-IC) induce FcγR-mediated tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α secretion in macrophages. Since IgM rheumatoid factor (RF), an autoantibody directed to the Fc fragment of IgG, is also produced and concentrated in the rheumatoid synovial tissue, we evaluated its influence on macrophage stimulation by ACPA-IC. METHODS With monocyte-derived macrophages from more than 40 healthy individuals and different human IgM cryoglobulins with RF activity, using a previously developed human in vitro model, we evaluated the effect of the incorporation of IgM RF into ACPA-IC. RESULTS IgM RF induced an important amplification of the TNF-α secretion. This effect was not observed in monocytes and depended on an increase in the number of IgG-engaged FcγR. It extended to the secretion of interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6, was paralleled by IL-8 secretion and was not associated with overwhelming secretion of IL-10 or IL-1Ra. Moreover, the RF-induced increased proinflammatory bioactivity of the cytokine response to ACPA-IC was confirmed by an enhanced, not entirely TNF-dependent, capacity of the secreted cytokine cocktail to prompt IL-6 secretion by RA synoviocytes. CONCLUSIONS By showing that it can greatly enhance the proinflammatory cytokine response induced in macrophages by the RA-specific ACPA-IC, these results highlight a previously undescribed, FcγR-dependent strong proinflammatory potential of IgM RF. They clarify the pathophysiological link between the presence of ACPA and IgM RF, and RA severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lætitia Laurent
- Unité Différenciation Épidermique et Auto-Immunité Rhumatoïde, INSERM Unité Mixte de Recherche 1056, Toulouse, France Unité Différenciation Épidermique et Auto-Immunité Rhumatoïde, CNRS UMR 5165, Toulouse, France Laboratory of Epidermis Differentiation and Rheumatoid Autoimmunity, Université de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Florence Anquetil
- Unité Différenciation Épidermique et Auto-Immunité Rhumatoïde, INSERM Unité Mixte de Recherche 1056, Toulouse, France Unité Différenciation Épidermique et Auto-Immunité Rhumatoïde, CNRS UMR 5165, Toulouse, France Laboratory of Epidermis Differentiation and Rheumatoid Autoimmunity, Université de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France Laboratory of Cell Biology and Cytology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Toulouse, Institut Fédératif de Biologie, Toulouse, France
| | - Cyril Clavel
- Unité Différenciation Épidermique et Auto-Immunité Rhumatoïde, INSERM Unité Mixte de Recherche 1056, Toulouse, France Unité Différenciation Épidermique et Auto-Immunité Rhumatoïde, CNRS UMR 5165, Toulouse, France Laboratory of Epidermis Differentiation and Rheumatoid Autoimmunity, Université de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France Laboratory of Cell Biology and Cytology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Toulouse, Institut Fédératif de Biologie, Toulouse, France
| | - Ndiémé Ndongo-Thiam
- Immunogenomics and inflammation research unit EA 4130, University of Lyon 1, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Lyon, France
| | - Géraldine Offer
- Unité Différenciation Épidermique et Auto-Immunité Rhumatoïde, INSERM Unité Mixte de Recherche 1056, Toulouse, France Unité Différenciation Épidermique et Auto-Immunité Rhumatoïde, CNRS UMR 5165, Toulouse, France Laboratory of Epidermis Differentiation and Rheumatoid Autoimmunity, Université de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Pierre Miossec
- Immunogenomics and inflammation research unit EA 4130, University of Lyon 1, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Lyon, France
| | - Jean-Louis Pasquali
- CNRS Unité 9021, Laboratory of Immunology and Therapeutical chemistry, Institut de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Federative Research Center 1589, Strasbourg, France
| | - Mireille Sebbag
- Unité Différenciation Épidermique et Auto-Immunité Rhumatoïde, INSERM Unité Mixte de Recherche 1056, Toulouse, France Unité Différenciation Épidermique et Auto-Immunité Rhumatoïde, CNRS UMR 5165, Toulouse, France Laboratory of Epidermis Differentiation and Rheumatoid Autoimmunity, Université de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Guy Serre
- Unité Différenciation Épidermique et Auto-Immunité Rhumatoïde, INSERM Unité Mixte de Recherche 1056, Toulouse, France Unité Différenciation Épidermique et Auto-Immunité Rhumatoïde, CNRS UMR 5165, Toulouse, France Laboratory of Epidermis Differentiation and Rheumatoid Autoimmunity, Université de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France Laboratory of Cell Biology and Cytology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Toulouse, Institut Fédératif de Biologie, Toulouse, France
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44
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Flagellin treatment prevents increased susceptibility to systemic bacterial infection after injury by inhibiting anti-inflammatory IL-10+ IL-12- neutrophil polarization. PLoS One 2014; 9:e85623. [PMID: 24454904 PMCID: PMC3893295 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0085623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2013] [Accepted: 12/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe trauma renders patients susceptible to infection. In sepsis, defective bacterial clearance has been linked to specific deviations in the innate immune response. We hypothesized that innate immune modulations observed during sepsis also contribute to increased bacterial susceptibility after severe trauma. A well-established murine model of burn injury, used to replicate infection following trauma, showed that wound inoculation with P. aeruginosa quickly spreads systemically. The systemic IL-10/IL-12 axis was skewed after burn injury with infection as indicated by a significant elevation in serum IL-10 and polarization of neutrophils into an anti-inflammatory ("N2"; IL-10(+) IL-12(-)) phenotype. Infection with an attenuated P. aeruginosa strain (ΔCyaB) was cleared better than the wildtype strain and was associated with an increased pro-inflammatory neutrophil ("N1"; IL-10(-)IL-12(+)) response in burn mice. This suggests that neutrophil polarization influences bacterial clearance after burn injury. Administration of a TLR5 agonist, flagellin, after burn injury restored the neutrophil response towards a N1 phenotype resulting in an increased clearance of wildtype P. aeruginosa after wound inoculation. This study details specific alterations in innate cell populations after burn injury that contribute to increased susceptibility to bacterial infection. In addition, for the first time, it identifies neutrophil polarization as a therapeutic target for the reversal of bacterial susceptibility after injury.
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García S, Krausz S, Ambarus CA, Fernández BM, Hartkamp LM, van Es IE, Hamann J, Baeten DL, Tak PP, Reedquist KA. Tie2 signaling cooperates with TNF to promote the pro-inflammatory activation of human macrophages independently of macrophage functional phenotype. PLoS One 2014; 9:e82088. [PMID: 24404127 PMCID: PMC3880273 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0082088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2013] [Accepted: 10/27/2013] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiopoietin (Ang) -1 and -2 and their receptor Tie2 play critical roles in regulating angiogenic processes during development, homeostasis, tumorigenesis, inflammation and tissue repair. Tie2 signaling is best characterized in endothelial cells, but a subset of human and murine circulating monocytes/macrophages essential to solid tumor formation express Tie2 and display immunosuppressive properties consistent with M2 macrophage polarization. However, we have recently shown that Tie2 is strongly activated in pro-inflammatory macrophages present in rheumatoid arthritis patient synovial tissue. Here we examined the relationship between Tie2 expression and function during human macrophage polarization. Tie2 expression was observed under all polarization conditions, but was highest in IFN-γ and IL-10 –differentiated macrophages. While TNF enhanced expression of a common restricted set of genes involved in angiogenesis and inflammation in GM-CSF, IFN-γ and IL-10 –differentiated macrophages, expression of multiple chemokines and cytokines, including CXCL3, CXCL5, CXCL8, IL6, and IL12B was further augmented in the presence of Ang-1 and Ang-2, via Tie2 activation of JAK/STAT signaling. Conditioned medium from macrophages stimulated with Ang-1 or Ang-2 in combination with TNF, sustained monocyte recruitment. Our findings suggest a general role for Tie2 in cooperatively promoting the inflammatory activation of macrophages, independently of polarization conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel García
- Department of Experimental Immunology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sarah Krausz
- Department of Experimental Immunology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Carmen A. Ambarus
- Department of Experimental Immunology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Beatriz Malvar Fernández
- Department of Experimental Immunology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Linda M. Hartkamp
- Department of Experimental Immunology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Inge E. van Es
- Department of Experimental Immunology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jörg Hamann
- Department of Experimental Immunology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Dominique L. Baeten
- Department of Experimental Immunology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Paul P. Tak
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Kris A. Reedquist
- Department of Experimental Immunology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- * E-mail:
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46
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Crow AR, Yu H, Han D, Lazarus AH. Amelioration of murine passive immune thrombocytopenia by IVIg and a therapeutic monoclonal CD44 antibody does not require the Myd88 signaling pathway. PLoS One 2013; 8:e71882. [PMID: 23940791 PMCID: PMC3733967 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0071882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2013] [Accepted: 07/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is an autoimmune bleeding disorder characterized by a low platelet count and the production of anti-platelet antibodies. The majority of ITP patients have antibodies to platelet integrin αIIbβ3 (GPIIbIIIa) which can direct platelet phagocytosis by macrophages. One effective treatment for patients with ITP is intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) which rapidly reverses thrombocytopenia. The exact mechanism of IVIg action in human patients is unclear, although in mouse models of passive ITP, IVIg can rapidly increase platelet counts in the absence of adaptive immunity. Another antibody therapeutic that can similarly increase platelet counts independent of adaptive immunity are CD44 antibodies. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are pattern recognition receptors which play a central role in helping direct the innate immune system. Dendritic cells, which are notable for their expression of TLRs, have been directly implicated in IVIg function as an initiator cell, while CD44 can associate with TLR2 and TLR4. We therefore questioned whether IVIg, or the therapeutic CD44 antibody KM114, mediate their ameliorative effects in a manner dependent upon normal TLR function. Here, we demonstrate that the TLR4 agonist LPS does not inhibit IVIg or KM114 amelioration of antibody-induced thrombocytopenia, and that these therapeutics do not ameliorate LPS-induced thrombocytopenia. IVIg was able to significantly ameliorate murine ITP in C3H/HeJ mice which have defective TLR4. All known murine TLRs except TLR3 utilize the Myd88 adapter protein to drive TLR signaling. Employing Myd88 deficient mice, we found that both IVIg and KM114 ameliorate murine ITP in Myd88 deficient mice to the same extent as normal mice. Thus both IVIg and anti-CD44 antibody can mediate their ameliorative effects in murine passive ITP independent of the Myd88 signaling pathway. These data help shed light on the mechanism of action of IVIg and KM114 in the amelioration of murine ITP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew R. Crow
- The Canadian Blood Services, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and the Keenan Research Centre in the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Honghui Yu
- The Canadian Blood Services, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and the Keenan Research Centre in the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Dongji Han
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and the Keenan Research Centre in the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Alan H. Lazarus
- The Canadian Blood Services, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and the Keenan Research Centre in the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Canada
- Departments of Medicine and Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail:
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47
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Jaudszus A, Gruen M, Watzl B, Ness C, Roth A, Lochner A, Barz D, Gabriel H, Rothe M, Jahreis G. Evaluation of suppressive and pro-resolving effects of EPA and DHA in human primary monocytes and T-helper cells. J Lipid Res 2013; 54:923-35. [PMID: 23349208 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.p031260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite their beneficial anti-inflammatory properties, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) may increase the infection risk at high doses, likely by generating an immune-depressed state. To assess the contribution of different immune cell populations to the immunomodulatory fatty acid effect, we comparatively investigated several aspects of inflammation in human T-helper (Th) cells and monocytes. Both fatty acids, but DHA to a lesser extent compared with EPA, selectively and dose-dependently reduced the percentage of cytokine-expressing Th cells in a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)γ-dependent fashion, whereas the expression of the cell surface marker CD69 was unaltered on activated T cells. In monocytes, both EPA and DHA increased interleukin (IL)-10 without affecting tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and IL-6. Cellular incorporation of EPA and DHA occurred mainly at the expense of arachidonic acid. Concomitantly, thromboxane B (TXB)2 and leukotriene B (LTB)4 in supernatants decreased, while levels of TXB3 and LTB5 increased. This increase was independent of activation and in accordance with cyclooxygenase expression patterns in monocytes. Moreover, EPA and DHA gave rise to a variety of mono- and trihydroxy derivatives of highly anti-inflammatory potential, such as resolvins and their precursors. Our results suggest that EPA and DHA do not generally affect immune cell functions in an inhibitory manner but rather promote pro-resolving responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anke Jaudszus
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry of Nutrition, Max Rubner-Institut, Karlsruhe, Germany.
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