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Segbefia SP, Asandem DA, Amoah LE, Kusi KA. Cytokine gene polymorphisms implicated in the pathogenesis of Plasmodium falciparum infection outcome. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1285411. [PMID: 38404582 PMCID: PMC10884311 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1285411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Cytokines play a critical role in the immune mechanisms involved in fighting infections including malaria. Polymorphisms in cytokine genes may affect immune responses during an infection with Plasmodium parasites and immunization outcomes during routine administration of malaria vaccines. These polymorphisms can increase or reduce susceptibility to this deadly infection, and this may affect the physiologically needed balance between anti-inflammatory and pro-inflammatory cytokines. The purpose of this review is to present an overview of the effect of selected cytokine gene polymorphisms on immune responses against malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selorm Philip Segbefia
- Department of Immunology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, College of Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST), Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Diana Asema Asandem
- Department of Virology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Linda Eva Amoah
- Department of Immunology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Kwadwo Asamoah Kusi
- Department of Immunology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
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2
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de Jesus MCS, Cerilo-Filho M, Ramirez ADR, Menezes RAO, Gomes MSM, Cassiano GC, Gurgel RQ, Silva JRS, Moura TR, Pratt-Riccio LR, Baptista ARS, Storti-Melo LM, Machado RLD. Influence of trem-1 gene polymorphisms on cytokine levels during malaria by Plasmodium vivax in a frontier area of the Brazilian Amazon. Cytokine 2023; 169:156264. [PMID: 37327529 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2023.156264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The immunopathology during malaria depends on the level of inflammatory response generated. In this scenario, the TREM-1 has been associated with the severity of infectious diseases and could play an important role in the inflammatory course of malaria. We aimed to describe the allelic and genotypic frequency of four polymorphisms in the trem-1 gene in Plasmodium vivax-infected patients and to verify the association of these polymorphisms with clinical and immunological factors in a frontier area of the Brazilian Amazon. METHODS We included 76 individuals infected with P. vivax and 144 healthy controls living in the municipality of Oiapoque, Amapá, Brazil. The levels of TNF-α, IL-10, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, and IFN-γ were measured by flow cytometry, while IL-6, sTREM-1, and antibodies against PvMSP-119 were evaluated by ELISA. The SNPs were genotyped by qPCR technique. Polymorphisms analysis, allelic and genotype, frequencies, and HWE calculation were determined by x2 test in R Software. The association between the parasitemia, gametocytes, antibodies, cytokines, and sTREM-1 with the genotypes of malaria and control groups was performed using the Kruskal-Wallis test, these analyzes were conducted in SPSS Software, at 5% significance level. RESULTS All SNPs were successfully genotyped. Allelic and genotypic distribution was in Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium. Furthermore, several associations were identified between malaria and control groups, with increased levels of IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, and IFN-γ in the infected individuals with rs6910730A, rs2234237T, rs2234246T, rs4711668C alleles compared to the homozygous wild-type and heterozygous genotypes of the controls (p-value < 0.05). No association was found for these SNPs and the levels of IL-2, and sTREM-1. CONCLUSIONS The SNPs on the trem-1 gene are associated with the effector molecules of the innate immunity and may contribute to the identification and effective participation of trem-1 in the modulation of the immune response. This association may be essential for the establishment of immunization strategies against malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myrela C S de Jesus
- Center for Microorganisms' Investigation, Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Biomedical Institute, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói 24020-141, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Applied Microbiology and Parasitology, Biomedical Institute, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói 24210-130, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Marcelo Cerilo-Filho
- Center for Microorganisms' Investigation, Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Biomedical Institute, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói 24020-141, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Applied Microbiology and Parasitology, Biomedical Institute, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói 24210-130, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Aina D R Ramirez
- Center for Microorganisms' Investigation, Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Biomedical Institute, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói 24020-141, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Applied Microbiology and Parasitology, Biomedical Institute, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói 24210-130, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rubens A O Menezes
- Postgraduate Program in Applied Microbiology and Parasitology, Biomedical Institute, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói 24210-130, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Amapá (UNIFAP), Macapá 68903-419, Amapá, Brazil
| | - Margarete S M Gomes
- Superintendence of Health Surveillance of the State of Amapá, Macapá 68902-865, Amapá, Brazil
| | | | - Ricardo Q Gurgel
- Postgraduate Program in Parasite Biology, Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão 49100-000, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - José R S Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Parasite Biology, Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão 49100-000, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Tatiana R Moura
- Postgraduate Program in Parasite Biology, Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão 49100-000, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Lilian R Pratt-Riccio
- Laboratory for Malaria Research, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Andrea R S Baptista
- Center for Microorganisms' Investigation, Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Biomedical Institute, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói 24020-141, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Applied Microbiology and Parasitology, Biomedical Institute, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói 24210-130, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luciane M Storti-Melo
- Postgraduate Program in Parasite Biology, Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão 49100-000, Sergipe, Brazil; Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology, Department of Biology, Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão 49100-000, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Ricardo L D Machado
- Center for Microorganisms' Investigation, Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Biomedical Institute, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói 24020-141, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Applied Microbiology and Parasitology, Biomedical Institute, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói 24210-130, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Parasite Biology, Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão 49100-000, Sergipe, Brazil
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Risk score prediction model based on single nucleotide polymorphism for predicting malaria: a machine learning approach. BMC Bioinformatics 2022; 23:325. [PMID: 35934714 PMCID: PMC9358850 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-022-04870-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The malaria risk prediction is currently limited to using advanced statistical methods, such as time series and cluster analysis on epidemiological data. Nevertheless, machine learning models have been explored to study the complexity of malaria through blood smear images and environmental data. However, to the best of our knowledge, no study analyses the contribution of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) to malaria using a machine learning model. More specifically, this study aims to quantify an individual's susceptibility to the development of malaria by using risk scores obtained from the cumulative effects of SNPs, known as weighted genetic risk scores (wGRS).
Results We proposed an SNP-based feature extraction algorithm that incorporates the susceptibility information of an individual to malaria to generate the feature set. However, it can become computationally expensive for a machine learning model to learn from many SNPs. Therefore, we reduced the feature set by employing the Logistic Regression and Recursive Feature Elimination (LR-RFE) method to select SNPs that improve the efficacy of our model. Next, we calculated the wGRS of the selected feature set, which is used as the model's target variables. Moreover, to compare the performance of the wGRS-only model, we calculated and evaluated the combination of wGRS with genotype frequency (wGRS + GF). Finally, Light Gradient Boosting Machine (LightGBM), eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), and Ridge regression algorithms are utilized to establish the machine learning models for malaria risk prediction. Conclusions Our proposed approach identified SNP rs334 as the most contributing feature with an importance score of 6.224 compared to the baseline, with an importance score of 1.1314. This is an important result as prior studies have proven that rs334 is a major genetic risk factor for malaria. The analysis and comparison of the three machine learning models demonstrated that LightGBM achieves the highest model performance with a Mean Absolute Error (MAE) score of 0.0373. Furthermore, based on wGRS + GF, all models performed significantly better than wGRS alone, in which LightGBM obtained the best performance (0.0033 MAE score). Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12859-022-04870-0.
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Tai KY, Dhaliwal J, Balasubramaniam V. Leveraging Mann-Whitney U test on large-scale genetic variation data for analysing malaria genetic markers. Malar J 2022; 21:79. [PMID: 35264165 PMCID: PMC8905822 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-022-04104-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The malaria risk analysis of multiple populations is crucial and of great importance whilst compressing limitations. However, the exponential growth in diversity and accumulation of genetic variation data obtained from malaria-infected patients through Genome-Wide Association Studies opens up unprecedented opportunities to explore the significant differences between genetic markers (risk factors), particularly in the resistance or susceptibility of populations to malaria risk. Thus, this study proposes using statistical tests to analyse large-scale genetic variation data, comprising 20,854 samples from 11 populations within three continents: Africa, Oceania, and Asia. Methods Even though statistical tests have been utilized to conduct case–control studies since the 1950s to link risk factors to a particular disease, several challenges faced, including the choice of data (ordinal vs. non-ordinal) and test (parametric vs. non-parametric). This study overcomes these challenges by adopting the Mann–Whitney U test to analyse large-scale genetic variation data; to explore the statistical significance of markers between populations; and to further identify the highly differentiated markers. Results The findings of this study revealed a significant difference in the genetic markers between populations (p < 0.01) in all the case groups and most control groups. However, for the highly differentiated genetic markers, a significant difference (p < 0.01) was present for most genetic markers with varying p-values between the populations in the case and control groups. Moreover, several genetic markers were observed to have very significant differences (p < 0.001) across all populations, while others exist between certain specific populations. Also, several genetic markers have no significant differences between populations. Conclusions These findings further support that the genetic markers contribute differently between populations towards malaria resistance or susceptibility, thus showing differences in the likelihood of malaria infection. In addition, this study demonstrated the robustness of the Mann–Whitney U test in analysing genetic markers in large-scale genetic variation data, thereby indicating an alternative method to explore genetic markers in other complex diseases. The findings hold great promise for genetic markers analysis, and the pipeline emphasized in this study can fully be reproduced to analyse new data. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12936-022-04104-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kah Yee Tai
- School of Information Technology, Monash University Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Jasbir Dhaliwal
- School of Information Technology, Monash University Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Vinod Balasubramaniam
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine & Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
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Grolmusz VK, Bozsik A, Papp J, Patócs A. Germline Genetic Variants of Viral Entry and Innate Immunity May Influence Susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Toward a Polygenic Risk Score for Risk Stratification. Front Immunol 2021; 12:653489. [PMID: 33763088 PMCID: PMC7982482 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.653489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic caused by the novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2 has affected all aspects of human society with a special focus on healthcare. Although older patients with preexisting chronic illnesses are more prone to develop severe complications, younger, healthy individuals might also exhibit serious manifestations. Previous studies directed to detect genetic susceptibility factors for earlier epidemics have provided evidence of certain protective variations. Following SARS-CoV-2 exposure, viral entry into cells followed by recognition and response by the innate immunity are key determinants of COVID-19 development. In the present review our aim was to conduct a thorough review of the literature on the role of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) as key agents affecting the viral entry of SARS-CoV-2 and innate immunity. Several SNPs within the scope of our approach were found to alter susceptibility to various bacterial and viral infections. Additionally, a multitude of studies confirmed genetic associations between the analyzed genes and autoimmune diseases, underlining the versatile immune consequences of these variants. Based on confirmed associations it is highly plausible that the SNPs affecting viral entry and innate immunity might confer altered susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection and its complex clinical consequences. Anticipating several COVID-19 genomic susceptibility loci based on the ongoing genome wide association studies, our review also proposes that a well-established polygenic risk score would be able to clinically leverage the acquired knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vince Kornél Grolmusz
- Department of Molecular Genetics, National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary
- Hereditary Tumors Research Group, Eötvös Loránd Research Network—Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Anikó Bozsik
- Department of Molecular Genetics, National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary
- Hereditary Tumors Research Group, Eötvös Loránd Research Network—Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - János Papp
- Department of Molecular Genetics, National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary
- Hereditary Tumors Research Group, Eötvös Loránd Research Network—Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Attila Patócs
- Department of Molecular Genetics, National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary
- Hereditary Tumors Research Group, Eötvös Loránd Research Network—Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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Natama HM, Rovira-Vallbona E, Krit M, Guetens P, Sorgho H, Somé MA, Traoré-Coulibaly M, Valéa I, Mens PF, Schallig HDFH, Berkvens D, Kestens L, Tinto H, Rosanas-Urgell A. Genetic variation in the immune system and malaria susceptibility in infants: a nested case-control study in Nanoro, Burkina Faso. Malar J 2021; 20:94. [PMID: 33593344 PMCID: PMC7885350 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-021-03628-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic polymorphisms in the human immune system modulate susceptibility to malaria. However, there is a paucity of data on the contribution of immunogenetic variants to malaria susceptibility in infants, who present differential biological features related to the immaturity of their adaptive immune system, the protective effect of maternal antibodies and fetal haemoglobin. This study investigated the association between genetic variation in innate immune response genes and malaria susceptibility during the first year of life in 656 infants from a birth cohort survey performed in Nanoro, Burkina Faso. METHODS Seventeen single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 11 genes of the immune system previously associated with different malaria phenotypes were genotyped using TaqMan allelic hybridization assays in a Fluidigm platform. Plasmodium falciparum infection and clinical disease were documented by active and passive case detection. Case-control association analyses for both alleles and genotypes were carried out using univariate and multivariate logistic regression. For cytokines showing significant SNP associations in multivariate analyses, cord blood supernatant concentrations were measured by quantitative suspension array technology (Luminex). RESULTS Genetic variants in IL-1β (rs1143634) and FcγRIIA/CD32 (rs1801274)-both in allelic, dominant and co-dominant models-were significantly associated with protection from both P. falciparum infection and clinical malaria. Furthermore, heterozygote individuals with rs1801274 SNP in FcγRIIA/CD32 showed higher IL-1RA levels compared to wild-type homozygotes (P = 0.024), a cytokine whose production is promoted by the binding of IgG immune complexes to Fcγ receptors on effector immune cells. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that genetic polymorphisms in genes driving innate immune responses are associated to malaria susceptibility during the first year of life, possibly by modulating production of inflammatory mediators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamatandi Magloire Natama
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium.
- Unité de Recherche Clinique de Nanoro, Institut de Recherche en Sciences de La Santé, Nanoro, Burkina Faso.
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.
| | | | - Meryam Krit
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Pieter Guetens
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Hermann Sorgho
- Unité de Recherche Clinique de Nanoro, Institut de Recherche en Sciences de La Santé, Nanoro, Burkina Faso
| | - M Athanase Somé
- Unité de Recherche Clinique de Nanoro, Institut de Recherche en Sciences de La Santé, Nanoro, Burkina Faso
| | - Maminata Traoré-Coulibaly
- Unité de Recherche Clinique de Nanoro, Institut de Recherche en Sciences de La Santé, Nanoro, Burkina Faso
| | - Innocent Valéa
- Unité de Recherche Clinique de Nanoro, Institut de Recherche en Sciences de La Santé, Nanoro, Burkina Faso
| | - Petra F Mens
- Department of Medical Microbiology-Parasitology Unit, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Henk D F H Schallig
- Department of Medical Microbiology-Parasitology Unit, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dirk Berkvens
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Luc Kestens
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Halidou Tinto
- Unité de Recherche Clinique de Nanoro, Institut de Recherche en Sciences de La Santé, Nanoro, Burkina Faso
- Centre Muraz, Bobo Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | - Anna Rosanas-Urgell
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium.
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Gai PP, van Loon W, Siegert K, Wedam J, Kulkarni SS, Rasalkar R, Boloor A, Kumar A, Jain A, Mahabala C, Baliga S, Devi R, Shenoy D, Gai P, Mockenhaupt FP. Duffy antigen receptor for chemokines gene polymorphisms and malaria in Mangaluru, India. Malar J 2019; 18:328. [PMID: 31551092 PMCID: PMC6760058 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-019-2966-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Duffy blood group antigens serve as receptors for Plasmodium vivax invasion into erythrocytes, and they are determined by polymorphisms of the Duffy antigen receptor for chemokines (DARC), also known as Fy glycoprotein (FY). Duffy negativity, i.e., absence of the antigens, protects against P. vivax infection and is rare among non-African populations. However, data on DARC polymorphisms and their impact on Plasmodium infection in India are scarce. Methods In a case–control study among 909 malaria patients and 909 healthy community controls in Mangaluru, southwestern India, DARC polymorphisms T-33C (rs2814778), G125A (rs12075), C265T (rs34599082), and G298A (rs13962) were genotyped. Associations of the polymorphisms with the odds of malaria, parasite species and manifestation were assessed. Results Among patients, vivax malaria (70%) predominated over falciparum malaria (9%) and mixed species infections (21%). DARC T-33C was absent and C265T was rare (1%). FYB carriage (deduced from DARC G125A) was not associated with the risk of malaria per se but it protected against severe falciparum malaria (P = 0.03), and hospitalization (P = 0.006) due to falciparum malaria. Vice versa, carriage of DARC 298A was associated with increased odds of malaria (aOR, 1.46 (1.07–1.99), P = 0.015) and vivax malaria (aOR, 1.60 (1.14–2.22), P = 0.006) and with several reported symptoms and findings of the patients. Conclusion This report from southern India is the first to show an independent effect of the DARC 298A polymorphism on the risk of malaria. Functional studies are required to understand the underlying mechanism. Moreover, FYB carriage appears to protect against severe falciparum malaria in southern India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabhanjan P Gai
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health; Institute of Tropical Medicine and International Health, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Welmoed van Loon
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health; Institute of Tropical Medicine and International Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Konrad Siegert
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health; Institute of Tropical Medicine and International Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jakob Wedam
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health; Institute of Tropical Medicine and International Health, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Rashmi Rasalkar
- Karnataka Institute for DNA Research, Dharwad, Karnataka, India
| | - Archith Boloor
- Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, India.,Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Arun Kumar
- District Vector Borne Disease Control Programme Office, Dakshina Kannada, Mangaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Animesh Jain
- Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, India.,Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Chakrapani Mahabala
- Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, India.,Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Shantaram Baliga
- Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, India.,Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Damodara Shenoy
- Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, India.,Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Pramod Gai
- Karnataka Institute for DNA Research, Dharwad, Karnataka, India
| | - Frank P Mockenhaupt
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health; Institute of Tropical Medicine and International Health, Berlin, Germany
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Influence of polymorphisms in toll-like receptors (TLRs) on malaria susceptibility in low-endemic area of the Atlantic Forest, São Paulo, Brazil. Acta Trop 2018; 182:309-316. [PMID: 29551393 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2018.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Revised: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In low-endemic areas for malaria transmission, asymptomatic individuals play an important role as reservoirs for malarial infection. Understanding the dynamics of asymptomatic malaria is crucial for its efficient control in these regions. Genetic host factors such as Toll-like receptor (TLR) polymorphisms may play a role in the maintenance or elimination of infection. In this study, the effect of TLR polymorphisms on the susceptibility to malaria was investigated among individuals living in the Atlantic Forest of São Paulo, Southern Brazil. A hundred and ninety-five Brazilian individuals were enrolled and actively followed up for malaria for three years. Twenty-four polymorphisms in five toll-like receptor (TLR) genes were genotyped by RFLP, direct sequencing or fragment analysis. The genotypes were analyzed for the risk of malaria. Ongoing Plasmodium vivax or P. malariae infection, was identified by the positive results in PCR tests and previous P. vivax malaria, was assumed when antiplasmodial antibodies against PvMSP119 were detected by ELISA. An evaluation of genomic ancestry was conducted using biallelic ancestry informative markers and the results were used as correction in the statistical analysis. Nine SNPs and one microsatellite were found polymorphic and three variant alleles in TLR genes were associated to malaria susceptibility. The regression coefficient estimated for SNP TLR9.-1237.T/C indicated that the presence of at least one allele C increased, on average, 2.3 times the malaria odds, compared to individuals with no allele C in this SNP. However, for individuals with the same sex, age and household, the presence of at least one allele C in SNP TLR9.-1486.T/C reduced, on average, 1.9 times the malaria odds, compared to individuals with no allele C. Moreover, this allele C plus an S allele in TLR6.P249S in individuals with same sex, age and ancestry, reduced, on average, 4.4 times the malaria odds. Our findings indicate a significant association of TLR9.-1237.T/C gene polymorphism with malarial infection and contribute to a better knowledge of the role of TLRs in malaria susceptibility in an epidemiological setting different from other settings.
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RANI A, NAWAZ SK, ARSHAD M, IRFAN S. Role of rs4986790 Polymorphism of TLR4 Gene in Susceptibility towards Malaria Infection in the Pakistani Population. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 47:735-741. [PMID: 29922617 PMCID: PMC6005971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Toll-like receptors (TLRs) of the human immune mechanism play important role in the detection of invading pathogens. TLRs specifically recognize the pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) from pathogens and start the effective response. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the TLRs can mediate their functions. Present study evaluated the importance of rs4986790 polymorphism of TLR4 gene in susceptibility towards malaria, clinical outcomes of the disease and responsible species of malaria. METHODS Blood samples of 228 malaria patients and 226 healthy volunteers were selected for the study. Sample collection was completed during Sep 2013 to Sep 2015 from different hospitals of Punjab, Pakistan. Patient's samples were divided into P. vivax group and P. falciparum group on the basis of causative species of Plasmodium. Malaria samples were also divided into mild and severe malaria group based on clinical outcomes of the disease according to WHO criteria. Healthy individuals were placed in the control group. Whole blood was used for the isolation of DNA. Genomic DNA was isolated and amplification of targeted SNP was performed using allele-specific PCR. RESULTS Results indicate the protective role of AA genotype against the susceptibility of P. vivax infection, OR: 0.5, 95%CI: 0.285-0.876, P=0.038. CONCLUSION rs4986790 polymorphism of TLR4 gene modulates the susceptibility towards P. vivax infection. AA genotype is found to be protective against the development of P. vivax infection in the local population of Pakistan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asima RANI
- Dept. of Zoology, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan,Corresponding Author:
| | - Syed Kashif NAWAZ
- Dept. of Zoology, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan, Dept. of Biological Sciences, University of Sargodha, Sub Campus, Mianwali, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad ARSHAD
- Principal, University of Education, Lower Mall Campus, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Shazia IRFAN
- Dept. of Zoology, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
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10
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Fetal and Maternal Innate Immunity Receptors Have Opposing Effects on the Severity of Experimental Malaria in Pregnancy: Beneficial Roles for Fetus-Derived Toll-Like Receptor 4 and Type I Interferon Receptor 1. Infect Immun 2018; 86:IAI.00708-17. [PMID: 29440369 PMCID: PMC5913849 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00708-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Malaria in pregnancy (MiP) is a distinctive clinical form of Plasmodium infection and is a cause of placental insufficiency leading to poor pregnancy outcomes. Maternal innate immunity responses play a decisive role in the development of placental inflammation, but the action of fetus-derived factors in MiP outcomes has been overlooked. We investigated the role of the Tlr4 and Ifnar1 genes, taking advantage of heterogenic mating strategies to dissect the effects mediated by maternally and fetally derived Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) or type I interferon receptor 1 (IFNAR1). Using a mouse infection system displaying severe MiP outcomes, we found that the expressions of TLR4 and IFNAR1 in the maternal compartment take part in deleterious MiP outcomes, but their fetal counterparts patently counteract these effects. We uncovered that fetal TLR4 contributes to the in vitro uptake of infected erythrocytes by trophoblasts and to the innate immune response in the placenta, offering robust protection of fetus viability, but had no sensible impact on the placental parasite burden. In contrast, we observed that the expression of IFNAR1 in the fetal compartment was associated with a reduced placental parasite burden but had little beneficial effect on fetus outcomes. Furthermore, the downregulation of Ifnar1 expression in infected placentas and in trophoblasts exposed to infected erythrocytes indicated that the interferon-IFNAR1 pathway is involved in the trophoblast response to infection. This work unravels that maternal and fetal counterparts of innate immune pathways drive opposing responses in murine placental malaria and implicates the activation of innate receptors in fetal trophoblast cells in the control of placental infection and in the protection of the fetus.
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11
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Gun SY, Claser C, Teo TH, Howland SW, Poh CM, Chye RRY, Ng LFP, Rénia L. Interferon regulatory factor 1 is essential for pathogenic CD8+ T cell migration and retention in the brain during experimental cerebral malaria. Cell Microbiol 2018; 20:e12819. [PMID: 29281764 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.12819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Revised: 10/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Host immune response has a key role in controlling the progression of malaria infection. In the well-established murine model of experimental cerebral malaria (ECM) with Plasmodium berghei ANKA infection, proinflammatory Th1 and CD8+ T cell response are essential for disease development. Interferon regulatory factor 1 (IRF1) is a transcription factor that promotes Th1 responses, and its absence was previously shown to protect from ECM death. Yet the exact mechanism of protection remains unknown. Here we demonstrated that IRF1-deficient mice (IRF1 knockout) were protected from ECM death despite displaying early neurological signs. Resistance to ECM death was a result of reduced parasite sequestration and pathogenic CD8+ T cells in the brain. Further analysis revealed that IRF1 deficiency suppress interferon-γ production and delayed CD8+ T cell proliferation. CXCR3 expression was found to be decreased in pathogenic CD8+ T cells, which limited their migration to the brain. In addition, reduced expression of adhesion molecules by brain endothelial cells hampered leucocyte retention in the brain. Taken together, these factors limited sequestration of pathogenic CD8+ T cells and consequently its ability to induce extensive damage to the blood-brain barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sin Yee Gun
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore.,Department of Microbiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Carla Claser
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Teck Hui Teo
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Shanshan W Howland
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Chek Meng Poh
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore.,Department of Microbiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Rebecca Ren Ying Chye
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore.,Department of Biological Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lisa F P Ng
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Laurent Rénia
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore.,Department of Microbiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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12
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Adedoja A, Hoan NX, van Tong H, Adukpo S, Tijani DB, Akanbi AA, Meyer CG, Ojurongbe O, Velavan TP. Differential contribution of interleukin-10 promoter variants in malaria and schistosomiasis mono- and co-infections among Nigerian children. Trop Med Int Health 2017; 23:45-52. [PMID: 29131459 DOI: 10.1111/tmi.13007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Interleukin-10 (IL-10) is an anti-inflammatory cytokine produced by Th1 cells and macrophages. The rationale of this study was to examine and validate possible contributions of IL-10 promoter polymorphisms in sub-Saharan Africa in children infected with either Plasmodium falciparum or Schistosoma haematobium and in children co-infected with both parasites. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 309 Nigerian children aged 4-15 years were recruited. The study group consisted of individuals infected either with P. falciparum (n = 76) or S. haematobium (n = 94) in mono-infections, a group of children co-infected with both P. falciparum and S. haematobium (n = 62) and matched healthy controls (n = 77). The IL-10 promoter polymorphisms -1082G/A, -819C/T and -592C/A were genotyped by direct sequencing. RESULTS The frequencies of the IL-10 -1082GG genotype, the -1082G allele and haplotype GCC (positions -1082, -819 and -592) were higher in children infected with P. falciparum than in healthy controls, indicating that the -1082GG genotype and the -1082G allele and the GCC haplotype are associated with increased susceptibility to malaria infection (OR = 3.4, 95% CI = 1.2-10.8, P = 0.02; OR = 2.5, 95% CI = 1.1-3.4, P = 0.02; OR = 3.8, 95% CI = 2.0-7.2, P = 0.0001, respectively). Children with the -1082GG genotype had a higher parasitaemia than children with the -1082AA or -1082AG genotypes (P = 0.0017). Haplotype GCC occurred more frequently in children infected with S. haematobium, while haplotype GTA was less frequent than in controls (OR = 2.2, 95% CI = 1.2-4.4, P = 0.017 and OR = 0.1, 95% CI = 0.02-0.5, P = 0.0004, respectively). No differences in the frequencies of IL-10 promoter polymorphisms were observed between children with P. falciparum-S. haematobium co-infections and healthy controls. CONCLUSION Although IL-10 promoter polymorphisms are not associated with P. falciparum and S. haematobium co-infection, variant -1082G/A and haplotype GCC are associated with malaria, whereas the IL-10 haplotypes GCC and GTA are associated with schistosomiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayodele Adedoja
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Osogbo, Nigeria.,Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Nghiem Xuan Hoan
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Hoang van Tong
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Selorme Adukpo
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Deborah B Tijani
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Osogbo, Nigeria.,Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Ajibola A Akanbi
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Christian G Meyer
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam.,Vietnamese-German Centre for Excellence in Medical Research, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Olusola Ojurongbe
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Osogbo, Nigeria
| | - Thirumalaisamy P Velavan
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam.,Vietnamese-German Centre for Excellence in Medical Research, Hanoi, Vietnam
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13
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Legason ID, Pfeiffer RM, Udquim KI, Bergen AW, Gouveia MH, Kirimunda S, Otim I, Karlins E, Kerchan P, Nabalende H, Bayanjargal A, Emmanuel B, Kagwa P, Talisuna AO, Bhatia K, Yeager M, Biggar RJ, Ayers LW, Reynolds SJ, Goedert JJ, Ogwang MD, Fraumeni JF, Prokunina-Olsson L, Mbulaiteye SM. Evaluating the Causal Link Between Malaria Infection and Endemic Burkitt Lymphoma in Northern Uganda: A Mendelian Randomization Study. EBioMedicine 2017; 25:58-65. [PMID: 29033373 PMCID: PMC5704046 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2017.09.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2017] [Revised: 09/16/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Plasmodium falciparum (Pf) malaria infection is suspected to cause endemic Burkitt Lymphoma (eBL), but the evidence remains unsettled. An inverse relationship between sickle cell trait (SCT) and eBL, which supports that between malaria and eBL, has been reported before, but in small studies with low power. We investigated this hypothesis in children in a population-based study in northern Uganda using Mendelian Randomization. Methods Malaria-related polymorphisms (SCT, IL10, IL1A, CD36, SEMA3C, and IFNAR1) were genotyped in 202 eBL cases and 624 controls enrolled during 2010–2015. We modeled associations between genotypes and eBL or malaria using logistic regression. Findings SCT was associated with decreased risk of eBL (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 0·37, 95% CI 0·21–0·66; p = 0·0003). Decreased risk of eBL was associated with IL10 rs1800896-CT (OR 0·73, 95% CI 0·50–1·07) and -CC genotypes (OR 0·53, 95% CI 0·29–0·95, ptrend = 0·019); IL1A rs2856838-AG (OR 0·56, 95% CI 0·39–0·81) and -AA genotype (OR 0·50, 95% CI 0·28–1·01, ptrend = 0·0016); and SEMA3C rs4461841-CT or -CC genotypes (OR 0·57, 95% CI 0·35–0·93, p = 0·0193). SCT and IL10 rs1800896, IL1A rs2856838, but not SEMA3C rs4461841, polymorphisms were associated with decreased risk of malaria in the controls. Interpretation Our results support a causal effect of malaria infection on eBL. Mendelian randomization analysis was done to assess a causal relationship between malaria infection and endemic Burkitt lymphoma in Uganda Carriage of the sickle cell trait was associated with decreased risk of endemic Burkitt lymphoma Heterozygous or homozygous minor alleles of IL10 rs1800896, IL1A rs2856838, and SEMA3C rs4461841 were associated with decreased risk of endemic Burkitt lymphoma The inverse association between sickle cell trait and endemic Burkitt lymphoma supports a causal role of malaria in endemic Burkitt lymphoma
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismail D Legason
- EMBLEM Study, African Field Epidemiology Network, P.O. Box 12874, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Ruth M Pfeiffer
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 9609 Medical Ctr Dr, Bethesda 20892, MD, USA.
| | - Krizia-Ivana Udquim
- Laboratory of Translational Genomics, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Andrew W Bergen
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 9609 Medical Ctr Dr, Bethesda 20892, MD, USA
| | - Mateus H Gouveia
- Instituto de Pesquisa Rene Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, 30190-002 Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Samuel Kirimunda
- Department of Medical Microbiology, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Isaac Otim
- EMBLEM Study, African Field Epidemiology Network, P.O. Box 12874, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Eric Karlins
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 9609 Medical Ctr Dr, Bethesda 20892, MD, USA.
| | - Patrick Kerchan
- EMBLEM Study, African Field Epidemiology Network, P.O. Box 12874, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Hadijah Nabalende
- EMBLEM Study, African Field Epidemiology Network, P.O. Box 12874, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Ariunaa Bayanjargal
- Laboratory of Translational Genomics, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Benjamin Emmanuel
- EMBLEM Study, African Field Epidemiology Network, P.O. Box 12874, Kampala, Uganda; Benjamin Emmanuel, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Paul Kagwa
- EMBLEM Study, African Field Epidemiology Network, P.O. Box 12874, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Ambrose O Talisuna
- World Health Organization, Regional Office for Africa, Brazzaville, Congo
| | - Kishor Bhatia
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 9609 Medical Ctr Dr, Bethesda 20892, MD, USA.
| | - Meredith Yeager
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 9609 Medical Ctr Dr, Bethesda 20892, MD, USA.
| | - Robert J Biggar
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 9609 Medical Ctr Dr, Bethesda 20892, MD, USA
| | - Leona W Ayers
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
| | - Steven J Reynolds
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - James J Goedert
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 9609 Medical Ctr Dr, Bethesda 20892, MD, USA
| | - Martin D Ogwang
- EMBLEM Study, St. Mary's Hospital, Lacor, P.O. Box 180, Gulu, Uganda.
| | - Joseph F Fraumeni
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 9609 Medical Ctr Dr, Bethesda 20892, MD, USA.
| | - Ludmila Prokunina-Olsson
- Laboratory of Translational Genomics, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Sam M Mbulaiteye
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 9609 Medical Ctr Dr, Bethesda 20892, MD, USA.
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14
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Costa AG, Ramasawmy R, Malheiro A, Lacerda MVG. Implications of SNPs on toll-like receptor genes in malaria: what do we know? Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2017; 50:151-152. [PMID: 28562748 DOI: 10.1590/0037-8682-0132-2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Allyson Guimarães Costa
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Tropical, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus, AM, Brasil.,Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, AM, Brasil.,Laboratório de Genômica, Fundação Hospitalar de Hematologia e Hemoterapia do Amazonas, Manaus, AM, Brasil
| | - Rajendranath Ramasawmy
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Tropical, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus, AM, Brasil.,Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, AM, Brasil.,Universidade Nilton Lins, Manaus, AM, Brasil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Imunologia Básica e Aplicada, Universidade Federal do Amazonas , Manaus, AM, Brasil
| | - Adriana Malheiro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Tropical, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus, AM, Brasil.,Laboratório de Genômica, Fundação Hospitalar de Hematologia e Hemoterapia do Amazonas, Manaus, AM, Brasil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Imunologia Básica e Aplicada, Universidade Federal do Amazonas , Manaus, AM, Brasil
| | - Marcus Vinícius Guimarães Lacerda
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Tropical, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus, AM, Brasil.,Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, AM, Brasil.,Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Manaus, AM, Brasil
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15
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Dhangadamajhi G, Kar A, Rout R, Dhangadamajhi P. A meta-analysis of TLR4 and TLR9 SNPs implicated in severe malaria. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2017; 50:153-160. [DOI: 10.1590/0037-8682-0475-2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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16
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López C, Yepes-Pérez Y, Hincapié-Escobar N, Díaz-Arévalo D, Patarroyo MA. What Is Known about the Immune Response Induced by Plasmodium vivax Malaria Vaccine Candidates? Front Immunol 2017; 8:126. [PMID: 28243235 PMCID: PMC5304258 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Malaria caused by Plasmodium vivax continues being one of the most important infectious diseases around the world; P. vivax is the second most prevalent species and has the greatest geographic distribution. Developing an effective antimalarial vaccine is considered a relevant control strategy in the search for means of preventing the disease. Studying parasite-expressed proteins, which are essential in host cell invasion, has led to identifying the regions recognized by individuals who are naturally exposed to infection. Furthermore, immunogenicity studies have revealed that such regions can trigger a robust immune response that can inhibit sporozoite (hepatic stage) or merozoite (erythrocyte stage) invasion of a host cell and induce protection. This review provides a synthesis of the most important studies to date concerning the antigenicity and immunogenicity of both synthetic peptide and recombinant protein candidates for a vaccine against malaria produced by P. vivax.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina López
- Molecular Biology and Immunology Department, Fundación Instituto de Immunología de Colombia (FIDIC), Bogotá, Colombia; PhD Programme in Biomedical and Biological Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Yoelis Yepes-Pérez
- Molecular Biology and Immunology Department, Fundación Instituto de Immunología de Colombia (FIDIC), Bogotá, Colombia; MSc Programme in Microbiology, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Natalia Hincapié-Escobar
- Molecular Biology and Immunology Department, Fundación Instituto de Immunología de Colombia (FIDIC) , Bogotá , Colombia
| | - Diana Díaz-Arévalo
- Molecular Biology and Immunology Department, Fundación Instituto de Immunología de Colombia (FIDIC), Bogotá, Colombia; Universidad de Ciencias Aplicadas y Ambientales (UDCA), Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Manuel A Patarroyo
- Molecular Biology and Immunology Department, Fundación Instituto de Immunología de Colombia (FIDIC), Bogotá, Colombia; Basic Sciences Department, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
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17
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Frequency of TNFA, INFG, and IL10 Gene Polymorphisms and Their Association with Malaria Vivax and Genomic Ancestry. Mediators Inflamm 2016; 2016:5168363. [PMID: 27999453 PMCID: PMC5143728 DOI: 10.1155/2016/5168363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Revised: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Polymorphisms in cytokine genes can alter the production of these proteins and consequently affect the immune response. The trihybrid heterogeneity of the Brazilian population is characterized as a condition for the use of ancestry informative markers. The objective of this study was to evaluate the frequency of -1031T>C, -308G>A and -238G>A TNFA, +874 A>T IFNG and -819C>T, and -592C>A IL10 gene polymorphisms and their association with malaria vivax and genomic ancestry. Samples from 90 vivax malaria-infected individuals and 51 noninfected individuals from northern Brazil were evaluated. Genotyping was carried out by using ASO-PCR or PCR/RFLP. The genomic ancestry of the individuals was classified using 48 insertion/deletion polymorphism biallelic markers. There were no differences in the proportions of African, European, and Native American ancestry between men and women. No significant association was observed for the allele and genotype frequencies of the 6 SNPs between malaria-infected and noninfected individuals. However, there was a trend toward decreasing the frequency of individuals carrying the TNF-308A allele with the increasing proportion of European ancestry. No ethnic-specific SNPs were identified, and there was no allelic or genotype association with susceptibility or resistance to vivax malaria. Understanding the genomic mechanisms by which ancestry influences this association is critical and requires further study.
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18
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Furini AAC, Capobianco MP, Storti-Melo LM, Cunha MG, Cassiano GC, Machado RLD. Cytokine gene polymorphisms are not associated with anti-PvDBP, anti-PvAMA-1 or anti-PvMSP-119 IgG antibody levels in a malaria-endemic area of the Brazilian Amazon. Malar J 2016; 15:374. [PMID: 27435973 PMCID: PMC4952271 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-016-1414-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The immune response against Plasmodium vivax immunogenic epitopes is regulated by pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines that determine antibody levels and class switching. Cytokine gene polymorphisms may be responsible for changes in the humoral immune response against malaria. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether polymorphisms in the TNFA, IFNG and IL10 genes would alter the levels of anti-PvAMA1, PvDBP and -PvMSP-119 IgG antibodies in patients with vivax malaria. Methods Samples from 90 vivax malaria-infected and 51 uninfected subjects from an endemic area of the Brazilian Amazon were genotyped using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR–RFLP) to identify polymorphisms of the genes TNFA (−1031T > C, −308G > A, −238G > A), IFNG (+874T > A) and IL10 (−819C > T, −592C > A). The levels of total IgG against PvAMA1, PvDBP and PvMSP-119 were determined using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Associations between the polymorphisms and the antibody response were assessed by means of logistic regression models. Results No significant differences were found in the levels of IgG antibodies against the PvAMA-1, PvDBP or PvMSP-119 proteins in relation to the studied polymorphisms. Conclusions Although no associations were found among the evaluated genotypes and alleles and anti-merozoite IgG class P. vivax antibody levels, this study helps elucidate the immunogenic profile involved in the humoral immune response in malaria. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12936-016-1414-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana A C Furini
- Department of Dermatology, Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, São José do Rio Preto Medical School, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Marcela P Capobianco
- Department of Biology, São Paulo State University, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luciane M Storti-Melo
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology, Department of Biology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil
| | - Maristela G Cunha
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará (Universidade Federal do Pará-UFPA), Belém, State of Pará (PA), Brazil
| | - Gustavo C Cassiano
- Laboratory of Tropical Diseases-Department of Genetics, Evolution and Bioagents, Universidade de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Luiz D Machado
- Department of Dermatology, Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, São José do Rio Preto Medical School, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Biology, São Paulo State University, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.,Laboratory of Basic Research in Malaria, Section of Parasitology, Evandro Chagas Institute, Belém, PA, Brazil
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19
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Lima-Junior JDC, Pratt-Riccio LR. Major Histocompatibility Complex and Malaria: Focus on Plasmodium vivax Infection. Front Immunol 2016; 7:13. [PMID: 26858717 PMCID: PMC4728299 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The importance of host and parasite genetic factors in malaria resistance or susceptibility has been investigated since the middle of the last century. Nowadays, of all diseases that affect man, malaria still plays one of the highest levels of selective pressure on human genome. Susceptibility to malaria depends on exposure profile, epidemiological characteristics, and several components of the innate and adaptive immune system that influences the quality of the immune response generated during the Plasmodium lifecycle in the vertebrate host. But it is well known that the parasite's enormous capacity of genetic variation in conjunction with the host genetics polymorphism is also associated with a wide spectrum of susceptibility degrees to complicated or severe forms of the disease. In this scenario, variations in genes of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) associated with host resistance or susceptibility to malaria have been identified and used as markers in host-pathogen interaction studies, mainly those evaluating the impact on the immune response, acquisition of resistance, or increased susceptibility to infection or vulnerability to disease. However, due to the intense selective pressure, number of cases, and mortality rates, the majority of the reported associations reported concerned Plasmodium falciparum malaria. Studies on the MHC polymorphism and its association with Plasmodium vivax, which is the most widespread Plasmodium and the most prevalent species outside the African continent, are less frequent but equally important. Despite punctual contributions, there are accumulated evidences of human genetic control in P. vivax infection and disease. Herein, we review the current knowledge in the field of MHC and derived molecules (HLA Class I, Class II, TNF-α, LTA, BAT1, and CTL4) regarding P. vivax malaria. We discuss particularly the results of P. vivax studies on HLA class I and II polymorphisms in relation to host susceptibility, naturally acquired immune response against specific antigens and the implication of this knowledge to overcome the parasite immune evasion. Finally, the potential impact of such polymorphisms on the development of vaccine candidate antigens against P. vivax will be studied.
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Iwalokun BA, Oluwadun A, Iwalokun SO, Agomo P. Toll-like receptor (TLR4) Asp299Gly and Thr399Ile polymorphisms in relation to clinical falciparum malaria among Nigerian children: a multisite cross-sectional immunogenetic study in Lagos. Genes Environ 2015; 37:3. [PMID: 27350800 PMCID: PMC4910769 DOI: 10.1186/s41021-015-0002-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 02/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study determined the association of TLR4 Asp299Gly and Thr399Ile with uncomplicated and severe malaria among Nigerian children of similar ethnic background in Lagos. The association of these SNPs with high parasite density, malnutrition, hyperpyrexia and anaemia was also investigated. METHODS Genomic DNA of the study participants was screened for the genotypes of TLR4 Asp299Gly and Thr399Ile by PCR-RFLP. Anthropometric measurement was performed on the Pf infected children stratified into asymptomatic malaria (control), uncomplicated and severe malaria (case). Parasites were detected by light microscopy and Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium (HWE) of SNP genotypes was also determined. RESULTS A total of 279 children comprising 182 children (62.1 % male; mean ± SEM age, 57.3 ± 1.7 months) with clinical falciparum malaria and 97 children (55.7 % male; mean ± SEM age, 55.6 ± 2.5 years) with asymptomatic falciparum malaria were enrolled. All the genotypes of both TLR4 SNPs were found in the study population with their minor alleles: 299Gly and 399Ile, found to be 17.6 % and 14.7 % in severe malaria children. Unlike in asymptomatic population, the genotype distribution of TLR4 Asp299Gly SNP was not in HWE in the clinical malaria group but did not condition susceptibility. However, Asp299Gly and Thr399Ile polymorphisms were found to increase the risk of severe malaria 3-fold and 8-fold respectively (P < 0.05). They also increased the risk of severe anaemia, high parasite density and severe malnutrition 3.8 -5.3-fold, 3.3 - 4.4-fold and 4-fold respectively. CONCLUSIONS Based on the above findings, we conclude that TLR4 Asp299Gly and Thr399Ile polymorphisms may modulate susceptibility to severe malaria among Nigerian children of Yoruba ethnic background.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bamidele Abiodun Iwalokun
- />Biochemistry and Nutrition Division, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, 6 Edmund Crescent, Yaba. PMB. 2013, Lagos, Nigeria
- />Department of Medical Microbiology & Parasitology, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Sagamu, Ogun State Nigeria
| | - Afolabi Oluwadun
- />Department of Medical Microbiology & Parasitology, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Sagamu, Ogun State Nigeria
| | | | - Philip Agomo
- />Biochemistry and Nutrition Division, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, 6 Edmund Crescent, Yaba. PMB. 2013, Lagos, Nigeria
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Pereira VA, Sánchez-Arcila JC, Teva A, Perce-da-Silva DS, Vasconcelos MPA, Lima CAM, Aprígio CJL, Rodrigues-da-Silva RN, Santos DO, Banic DM, Bonecini-Almeida MG, Lima-Júnior JC, Oliveira-Ferreira J. IL10A genotypic association with decreased IL-10 circulating levels in malaria infected individuals from endemic area of the Brazilian Amazon. Malar J 2015; 14:30. [PMID: 25627396 PMCID: PMC4334410 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-015-0548-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2014] [Accepted: 01/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cytokines play an important role in human immune responses to malaria and variation in their production may influence the course of infection and determine the outcome of the disease. The differential production of cytokines has been linked to single nucleotide polymorphisms in gene promoter regions, signal sequences, and gene introns. Although some polymorphisms play significant roles in susceptibility to malaria, gene polymorphism studies in Brazil are scarce. Methods A population of 267 individuals from Brazilian Amazon exposed to malaria was genotyped for five single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), IFNG + 874 T/A, IL10A-1082G/A, IL10A-592A/C, IL10A-819 T/C and NOS2A-954G/C. Specific DNA fragments were amplified by polymerase chain reaction, allowing the detection of the polymorphism genotypes. The polymorphisms IL10A-592A/C and IL10A-819 T/C were estimated by a single analysis due to the complete linkage disequilibrium between the two SNPs with D’ = 0.99. Plasma was used to measure the levels of IFN-γ and IL-10 cytokines by Luminex and nitrogen radicals by Griess reaction. Results No differences were observed in genotype and allelic frequency of IFNG + 874 T/A and NOS2A-954G/C between positive and negative subjects for malaria infection. Interesting, the genotype NOS2A-954C/C was not identified in the study population. Significant differences were found in IL10A-592A/C and IL10A-819 T/C genotypes distribution, carriers of IL10A -592A/-819 T alleles (genotypes AA/TT + AC/TC) were more frequent among subjects with malaria than in negative subjects that presented a higher frequency of the variant C allele (p < 0.0001). The presence of the allele C was associated with low producer of IL-10 and low parasitaemia. In addition, the GTA haplotypes formed from combinations of investigated polymorphisms in IL10A were significantly associated with malaria (+) and the CCA haplotype with malaria (−) groups. The IL10A-1082G/A polymorphism showed high frequency of heterozygous AG genotype in the population, but it was not possible to infer any association of the polymorphism because their distribution was not in Hardy Weinberg equilibrium. Conclusion This study shows that the IL10A-592A/C and IL10A-819 T/C polymorphisms were associated with malaria and decreased IL-10 levels and low parasite density suggesting that this polymorphism influence IL-10 levels and may influence in the susceptibility to clinical malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia A Pereira
- Laboratório de Imunoparasitologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz/Fiocruz, Av. Brasil 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Juan C Sánchez-Arcila
- Laboratório de Imunoparasitologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz/Fiocruz, Av. Brasil 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Antonio Teva
- Laboratório de Imunodiagnóstico /Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública/Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Daiana S Perce-da-Silva
- Laboratório de Simulídeos e Oncocercose, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz/Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | | | - Cleoni A M Lima
- Centro Interdepartamental de Biologia Experimental e Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Rondônia, Porto Velho, Rondônia, Brazil.
| | - Cesarino J L Aprígio
- Laboratório de Quimioterapia/Fiocruz, Porto Velho, Rondônia, Brazil and Universidade Federal de Rondônia, Porto Velho, Rondônia, Brazil.
| | - Rodrigo N Rodrigues-da-Silva
- Laboratório de Imunoparasitologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz/Fiocruz, Av. Brasil 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Davi O Santos
- Laboratório de Imunologia e Imunogenética, Instituto de Pesquisa Clínica Evandro Chagas (IPEC)/Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Dalma M Banic
- Laboratório de Simulídeos e Oncocercose, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz/Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Maria G Bonecini-Almeida
- Laboratório de Imunologia e Imunogenética, Instituto de Pesquisa Clínica Evandro Chagas (IPEC)/Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Josué C Lima-Júnior
- Laboratório de Imunoparasitologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz/Fiocruz, Av. Brasil 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Joseli Oliveira-Ferreira
- Laboratório de Imunoparasitologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz/Fiocruz, Av. Brasil 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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