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Song Q, Li J, Li T, Li HW. Nanomaterials that Aid in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease, Resolving Blood-Brain Barrier Crossing Ability. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024:e2403473. [PMID: 39101248 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202403473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
As a form of dementia, Alzheimer's disease (AD) suffers from no efficacious cure, yet AD treatment is still imperative, as it ameliorates the symptoms or prevents it from deteriorating or maintains the current status to the longest extent. The human brain is the most sensitive and complex organ in the body, which is protected by the blood-brain barrier (BBB). This yet induces the difficulty in curing AD as the drugs or nanomaterials that are much inhibited from reaching the lesion site. Thus, BBB crossing capability of drug delivery system remains a significant challenge in the development of neurological therapeutics. Fortunately, nano-enabled delivery systems possess promising potential to achieve multifunctional diagnostics/therapeutics against various targets of AD owing to their intriguing advantages of nanocarriers, including easy multifunctionalization on surfaces, high surface-to-volume ratio with large payloads, and potential ability to cross the BBB, making them capable of conquering the limitations of conventional drug candidates. This review, which focuses on the BBB crossing ability of the multifunctional nanomaterials in AD diagnosis and treatment, will provide an insightful vision that is conducive to the development of AD-related nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingting Song
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Junyou Li
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ting Li
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hung-Wing Li
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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2
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Petcov TE, Straticiuc M, Iancu D, Mirea DA, Trușcă R, Mereuță PE, Savu DI, Mogoșanu GD, Mogoantă L, Popescu RC, Kopatz V, Jinga SI. Unveiling Nanoparticles: Recent Approaches in Studying the Internalization Pattern of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles in Mono- and Multicellular Biological Structures. J Funct Biomater 2024; 15:169. [PMID: 38921542 PMCID: PMC11204647 DOI: 10.3390/jfb15060169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Nanoparticle (NP)-based solutions for oncotherapy promise an improved efficiency of the anticancer response, as well as higher comfort for the patient. The current advancements in cancer treatment based on nanotechnology exploit the ability of these systems to pass biological barriers to target the tumor cell, as well as tumor cell organelles. In particular, iron oxide NPs are being clinically employed in oncological management due to this ability. When designing an efficient anti-cancer therapy based on NPs, it is important to know and to modulate the phenomena which take place during the interaction of the NPs with the tumor cells, as well as the normal tissues. In this regard, our review is focused on highlighting different approaches to studying the internalization patterns of iron oxide NPs in simple and complex 2D and 3D in vitro cell models, as well as in living tissues, in order to investigate the functionality of an NP-based treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teodora Eliana Petcov
- Department of Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Faculty of Medical Engineering, National University for Science and Technology Politehnica of Bucharest, 1–7 Gheorghe Polizu Street, 011061 Bucharest, Romania; (T.E.P.); (S.I.J.)
| | - Mihai Straticiuc
- Department of Applied Nuclear Physics, National Institute for R&D in Physics and Nuclear Engineering “Horia Hulubei”, 30 Reactorului Street, 077125 Magurele, Romania; (M.S.); (D.I.); (D.A.M.); (P.E.M.)
| | - Decebal Iancu
- Department of Applied Nuclear Physics, National Institute for R&D in Physics and Nuclear Engineering “Horia Hulubei”, 30 Reactorului Street, 077125 Magurele, Romania; (M.S.); (D.I.); (D.A.M.); (P.E.M.)
| | - Dragoș Alexandru Mirea
- Department of Applied Nuclear Physics, National Institute for R&D in Physics and Nuclear Engineering “Horia Hulubei”, 30 Reactorului Street, 077125 Magurele, Romania; (M.S.); (D.I.); (D.A.M.); (P.E.M.)
| | - Roxana Trușcă
- National Research Center for Micro and Nanomaterials, National University for Science and Technology Politehnica of Bucharest, 313 Splaiul Independentei, 060042 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Paul Emil Mereuță
- Department of Applied Nuclear Physics, National Institute for R&D in Physics and Nuclear Engineering “Horia Hulubei”, 30 Reactorului Street, 077125 Magurele, Romania; (M.S.); (D.I.); (D.A.M.); (P.E.M.)
| | - Diana Iulia Savu
- Department of Life and Environmental Physics, National Institute for R&D in Physics and Nuclear Engineering “Horia Hulubei”, 30 Reactorului Street, 077125 Magurele, Romania
| | - George Dan Mogoșanu
- Department of Pharmacognosy & Phytotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 2 Petru Rareș Street, 200349 Craiova, Romania;
| | - Laurențiu Mogoantă
- Research Center for Microscopic Morphology and Immunology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 2 Petru Rareș Street, 200349 Craiova, Romania;
| | - Roxana Cristina Popescu
- Department of Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Faculty of Medical Engineering, National University for Science and Technology Politehnica of Bucharest, 1–7 Gheorghe Polizu Street, 011061 Bucharest, Romania; (T.E.P.); (S.I.J.)
- Department of Life and Environmental Physics, National Institute for R&D in Physics and Nuclear Engineering “Horia Hulubei”, 30 Reactorului Street, 077125 Magurele, Romania
| | - Verena Kopatz
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, 18–20 Waehringer Guertel Street, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Sorin Ion Jinga
- Department of Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Faculty of Medical Engineering, National University for Science and Technology Politehnica of Bucharest, 1–7 Gheorghe Polizu Street, 011061 Bucharest, Romania; (T.E.P.); (S.I.J.)
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Sikorski J, Matczuk M, Stępień M, Ogórek K, Ruzik L, Jarosz M. Fe 3O 4SPIONs in cancer theranostics-structure versus interactions with proteins and methods of their investigation. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 35:212001. [PMID: 38387086 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ad2c54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
As the second leading cause of death worldwide, neoplastic diseases are one of the biggest challenges for public health care. Contemporary medicine seeks potential tools for fighting cancer within nanomedicine, as various nanomaterials can be used for both diagnostics and therapies. Among those of particular interest are superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs), due to their unique magnetic properties,. However, while the number of new SPIONs, suitably modified and functionalized, designed for medical purposes, has been gradually increasing, it has not yet been translated into the number of approved clinical solutions. The presented review covers various issues related to SPIONs of potential theranostic applications. It refers to structural considerations (the nanoparticle core, most often used modifications and functionalizations) and the ways of characterizing newly designed nanoparticles. The discussion about the phenomenon of protein corona formation leads to the conclusion that the scarcity of proper tools to investigate the interactions between SPIONs and human serum proteins is the reason for difficulties in introducing them into clinical applications. The review emphasizes the importance of understanding the mechanism behind the protein corona formation, as it has a crucial impact on the effectiveness of designed SPIONs in the physiological environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacek Sikorski
- Chair of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego St. 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Matczuk
- Chair of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego St. 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marta Stępień
- Chair of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego St. 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Karolina Ogórek
- Chair of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego St. 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Lena Ruzik
- Chair of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego St. 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maciej Jarosz
- Chair of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego St. 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
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4
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Nowak-Jary J, Machnicka B. In vivo Biodistribution and Clearance of Magnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles for Medical Applications. Int J Nanomedicine 2023; 18:4067-4100. [PMID: 37525695 PMCID: PMC10387276 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s415063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (magnetite and maghemite) are intensively studied due to their broad potential applications in medical and biological sciences. Their unique properties, such as nanometric size, large specific surface area, and superparamagnetism, allow them to be used in targeted drug delivery and internal radiotherapy by targeting an external magnetic field. In addition, they are successfully used in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), hyperthermia, and radiolabelling. The appropriate design of nanoparticles allows them to be delivered to the desired tissues and organs. The desired biodistribution of nanoparticles, eg, cancerous tumors, is increased using an external magnetic field. Thus, knowledge of the biodistribution of these nanoparticles is essential for medical applications. It allows for determining whether nanoparticles are captured by the desired organs or accumulated in other tissues, which may lead to potential toxicity. This review article presents the main organs where nanoparticles accumulate. The sites of their first uptake are usually the liver, spleen, and lymph nodes, but with the appropriate design of nanoparticles, they can also be accumulated in organs such as the lungs, heart, or brain. In addition, the review describes the factors affecting the biodistribution of nanoparticles, including their size, shape, surface charge, coating molecules, and route of administration. Modern techniques for determining nanoparticle accumulation sites and concentration in isolated tissues or the body in vivo are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Nowak-Jary
- University of Zielona Gora, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Department of Biotechnology, Zielona Gora, 65-516, Poland
| | - Beata Machnicka
- University of Zielona Gora, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Department of Biotechnology, Zielona Gora, 65-516, Poland
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Almasi F, Mohammadipanah F. Neurological manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 infections: towards quantum dots based management approaches. J Drug Target 2023; 31:51-64. [PMID: 35921123 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2022.2110252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Developing numerous nanotechnological designed tools to monitor the existence of SARS-CoV-2, and modifying its interactions address the global needs for efficient remedies required for the management of COVID-19. Herein, through a multidisciplinary outlook encompassing different fields such as the pathophysiology of SARS-CoV-2, analysis of symptoms, and statistics of neurological complications caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection in the central and peripheral nervous systems have been testified. The anosmia (51.1%) and ageusia (45.5%) are reported the most frequent neurological manifestation. Cerebrovascular disease and encephalopathy were mainly related to severe clinical cases. In addition, we focus especially on the various concerned physiological routes, including BBB dysfunction, which transpired due to SARS-CoV-2 infection, direct and indirect effects of the virus on the brain, and also, the plausible mechanisms of viral entry to the nerve system. We also outline the characterisation, and the ongoing pharmaceutical applications of quantum dots as smart nanocarriers crossing the blood-brain barrier and their importance in neurological diseases, mainly SARS-CoV-2 related manifestations Moreover, the market status, six clinical trials recruiting quantum dots, and the challenges limiting the clinical application of QDs are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faezeh Almasi
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Lab, Department of Microbial Biotechnology, School of Biology and Center of Excellence in Phylogeny of Living Organisms, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Mohammadipanah
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Lab, Department of Microbial Biotechnology, School of Biology and Center of Excellence in Phylogeny of Living Organisms, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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6
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Park JE, Kim WC, Kim SK, Ahn Y, Ha SM, Kim G, Choi S, Yun WS, Kong TH, Lee SH, Park DJ, Choi JS, Key J, Seo YJ. Protection of Hearing Loss in Ototoxic Mouse Model Through SPIONs and Dexamethasone-Loaded PLGA Nanoparticle Delivery by Magnetic Attraction. Int J Nanomedicine 2022; 17:6317-6334. [DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s380810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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7
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La Barbera L, Mauri E, D’Amelio M, Gori M. Functionalization strategies of polymeric nanoparticles for drug delivery in Alzheimer’s disease: Current trends and future perspectives. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:939855. [PMID: 35992936 PMCID: PMC9387393 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.939855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the most common form of dementia, is a progressive and multifactorial neurodegenerative disorder whose primary causes are mostly unknown. Due to the increase in life expectancy of world population, including developing countries, AD, whose incidence rises dramatically with age, is at the forefront among neurodegenerative diseases. Moreover, a definitive cure is not yet within reach, imposing substantial medical and public health burdens at every latitude. Therefore, the effort to devise novel and effective therapeutic strategies is still of paramount importance. Genetic, functional, structural and biochemical studies all indicate that new and efficacious drug delivery strategies interfere at different levels with various cellular and molecular targets. Over the last few decades, therapeutic development of nanomedicine at preclinical stage has shown to progress at a fast pace, thus paving the way for its potential impact on human health in improving prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of age-related neurodegenerative disorders, including AD. Clinical translation of nano-based therapeutics, despite current limitations, may present important advantages and innovation to be exploited in the neuroscience field as well. In this state-of-the-art review article, we present the most promising applications of polymeric nanoparticle-mediated drug delivery for bypassing the blood-brain barrier of AD preclinical models and boost pharmacological safety and efficacy. In particular, novel strategic chemical functionalization of polymeric nanocarriers that could be successfully employed for treating AD are thoroughly described. Emphasis is also placed on nanotheranostics as both potential therapeutic and diagnostic tool for targeted treatments. Our review highlights the emerging role of nanomedicine in the management of AD, providing the readers with an overview of the nanostrategies currently available to develop future therapeutic applications against this chronic neurodegenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livia La Barbera
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Rome, Italy
- Santa Lucia Foundation, IRCSS, Rome, Italy
| | - Emanuele Mauri
- Department of Engineering, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Marcello D’Amelio
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Rome, Italy
- Santa Lucia Foundation, IRCSS, Rome, Italy
| | - Manuele Gori
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Rome, Italy
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (IBBC) - National Research Council (CNR), Rome, Italy
- *Correspondence: Manuele Gori,
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8
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Thangudu S, Huang EY, Su CH. Safe magnetic resonance imaging on biocompatible nanoformulations. Biomater Sci 2022; 10:5032-5053. [PMID: 35858468 DOI: 10.1039/d2bm00692h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) holds promise for the early clinical diagnosis of various diseases, but most clinical MR techniques require the use of a contrast medium. Several nanomaterial (NM) mediated contrast agents (CAs) are widely used as T1- and T2-based MR contrast agents for clinical and non-clinical applications. Unfortunately, most NM-based CAs are toxic or non-biocompatible, restricting their practical/clinical applications. Therefore, the development of nontoxic and biocompatible CAs for clinical MRI diagnosis is highly desired. To this end, several biocompatible and biomimetic strategies have been developed to offer long blood circulation time, significant biocompatibility, in vivo biodistribution and high contrast ability for efficient imaging. However, detailed review reports on biocompatible NMs, specifically for MR imaging have not yet been summarized. Thus, in the present review we summarize various surface coating strategies (such as polymers, proteins, cell membranes, etc.) to achieve biocompatible NPs, providing a detailed discussion of advances and future prospects for safe MRI imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suresh Thangudu
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan.
| | - Eng-Yen Huang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hao Su
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan. .,Center for General Education, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan.,Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
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9
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Rahman MM, Islam MR, Akash S, Harun-Or-Rashid M, Ray TK, Rahaman MS, Islam M, Anika F, Hosain MK, Aovi FI, Hemeg HA, Rauf A, Wilairatana P. Recent advancements of nanoparticles application in cancer and neurodegenerative disorders: At a glance. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 153:113305. [PMID: 35717779 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanoscale engineering is one of the innovative approaches to heal multitudes of ailments, such as varieties of malignancies, neurological problems, and infectious illnesses. Therapeutics for neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) may be modified in aspect because of their ability to stimulate physiological response while limiting negative consequences by interfacing and activating possible targets. Nanomaterials have been extensively studied and employed for cancerous therapeutic strategies since nanomaterials potentially play a significant role in medical transportation. When compared to conventional drug delivery, nanocarriers drug delivery offers various benefits, such as excellent reliability, bioactivity, improved penetration and retention impact, as well as precise targeting and administering. Upregulation of drug efflux transporters, dysfunctional apoptotic mechanisms, and a hypoxic atmosphere are all elements that lead to cancer treatment sensitivity in humans. It has been possible to target these pathways using nanoparticles and increase the effectiveness of multidrug resistance treatments. As innovative strategies of tumor chemoresistance are uncovered, nanomaterials are being developed to target specific pathways of tumor resilience. Scientists have recently begun investigating the function of nanoparticles in immunotherapy, a field that is becoming increasingly useful in the care of malignancies. Nanoscale therapeutics have been explored in this scientific literature and represent the most current approaches to neurodegenerative illnesses and cancer therapy. In addition, current findings and various biomedical nanomaterials' future promise for tissue regeneration, prospective medication design, and the synthesis of novel delivery approaches have been emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Mominur Rahman
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, 1207 Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md Rezaul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, 1207 Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Shopnil Akash
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, 1207 Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md Harun-Or-Rashid
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, 1207 Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Tanmay Kumar Ray
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, 1207 Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md Saidur Rahaman
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, 1207 Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mahfuzul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, 1207 Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Fazilatunnesa Anika
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, 1207 Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md Kawser Hosain
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, 1207 Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Farjana Islam Aovi
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, 1207 Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Hassan A Hemeg
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, P.O. Box 344, Al-Madinah Al-Monawra 41411, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdur Rauf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Swabi, Anbar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
| | - Polrat Wilairatana
- Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand.
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Farhoudi M, Sadigh-Eteghad S, Mahmoudi J, Farjami A, Farjami A, Mahmoudian M, Salatin S. The therapeutic benefits of intravenously administrated nanoparticles in stroke and age-related neurodegenerative diseases. Curr Pharm Des 2022; 28:1985-2000. [PMID: 35676838 DOI: 10.2174/1381612828666220608093639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The mean global lifetime risk of neurological disorders such as stroke, Alzheimer's disease (AD), and Parkinson's disease (PD) has shown a large effect on economy and society.Researchersare stillstruggling to find effective drugs to treatneurological disordersand drug delivery through the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a major challenge to be overcome. The BBB is a specialized multicellular barrier between the peripheral blood circulation and the neural tissue. Unique and selective features of the BBB allow it to tightly control brain homeostasis as well as the movement of ions and molecules. Failure in maintaining any of these substances causes BBB breakdown and subsequently enhances neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration.BBB disruption is evident in many neurologicalconditions.Nevertheless, the majority of currently available therapies have tremendous problems for drug delivery into the impaired brain. Nanoparticle (NP)-mediated drug delivery has been considered as a profound substitute to solve this problem. NPs are colloidal systems with a size range of 1-1000 nm whichcan encapsulate therapeutic payloads, improve drug passage across the BBB, and target specific brain areas in neurodegenerative/ischemic diseases. A wide variety of NPs has been displayed for the efficient brain delivery of therapeutics via intravenous administration, especially when their surfaces are coated with targeting moieties. Here, we discuss recent advances in the development of NP-based therapeutics for the treatment of stroke, PD, and AD as well as the factors affecting their efficacy after systemic administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Farhoudi
- Neurosciences Research Center (NSRC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Saeed Sadigh-Eteghad
- Neurosciences Research Center (NSRC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Javad Mahmoudi
- Neurosciences Research Center (NSRC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Afsaneh Farjami
- Food and Drug Safety Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Sara Salatin
- Neurosciences Research Center (NSRC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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11
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Nanocarriers for anticancer drugs: challenges and perspectives. Saudi J Biol Sci 2022; 29:103298. [PMID: 35645591 PMCID: PMC9130109 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2022.103298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is the second most common cause of death globally, surpassed only by cardiovascular disease. One of the hallmarks of cancer is uncontrolled cell division and resistance to cell death. Multiple approaches have been developed to tackle this disease, including surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Although chemotherapy is used primarily to control cell division and induce cell death, some cancer cells are able to resist apoptosis and develop tolerance to these drugs. The side effects of chemotherapy are often overwhelming, and patients can experience more adverse effects than benefits. Furthermore, the bioavailability and stability of drugs used for chemotherapy are crucial issues that must be addressed, and there is therefore a high demand for a reliable delivery system that ensures fast and accurate targeting of treatment. In this review, we discuss the different types of nanocarriers, their properties and recent advances in formulations, with respect to relevant advantages and disadvantages of each.
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12
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Lakshmi BA, Kim YJ. Modernistic and Emerging Developments of Nanotechnology in Glioblastoma-Targeted Theranostic Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031641. [PMID: 35163563 PMCID: PMC8836088 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain tumors such as glioblastoma are typically associated with an unstoppable cell proliferation with aggressive infiltration behavior and a shortened life span. Though treatment options such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy are available in combating glioblastoma, satisfactory therapeutics are still not available due to the high impermeability of the blood–brain barrier. To address these concerns, recently, multifarious theranostics based on nanotechnology have been developed, which can deal with diagnosis and therapy together. The multifunctional nanomaterials find a strategic path against glioblastoma by adjoining novel thermal and magnetic therapy approaches. Their convenient combination of specific features such as real-time tracking, in-depth tissue penetration, drug-loading capacity, and contrasting performance is of great demand in the clinical investigation of glioblastoma. The potential benefits of nanomaterials including specificity, surface tunability, biodegradability, non-toxicity, ligand functionalization, and near-infrared (NIR) and photoacoustic (PA) imaging are sufficient in developing effective theranostics. This review discusses the recent developments in nanotechnology toward the diagnosis, drug delivery, and therapy regarding glioblastoma.
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13
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Ag Seleci D, Maurer V, Barlas FB, Porsiel JC, Temel B, Ceylan E, Timur S, Stahl F, Scheper T, Garnweitner G. Transferrin-Decorated Niosomes with Integrated InP/ZnS Quantum Dots and Magnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles: Dual Targeting and Imaging of Glioma. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094556. [PMID: 33925347 PMCID: PMC8123697 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of multifunctional nanoscale systems that can mediate efficient tumor targeting, together with high cellular internalization, is crucial for the diagnosis of glioma. The combination of imaging agents into one platform provides dual imaging and allows further surface modification with targeting ligands for specific glioma detection. Herein, transferrin (Tf)-decorated niosomes with integrated magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (MIONs) and quantum dots (QDs) were formulated (PEGNIO/QDs/MIONs/Tf) for efficient imaging of glioma, supported by magnetic and active targeting. Transmission electron microscopy confirmed the complete co-encapsulation of MIONs and QDs in the niosomes. Flow cytometry analysis demonstrated enhanced cellular uptake of the niosomal formulation by glioma cells. In vitro imaging studies showed that PEGNIO/QDs/MIONs/Tf produces an obvious negative-contrast enhancement effect on glioma cells by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and also improved fluorescence intensity under fluorescence microscopy. This novel platform represents the first niosome-based system which combines magnetic nanoparticles and QDs, and has application potential in dual-targeted imaging of glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Didem Ag Seleci
- Institute for Particle Technology (iPAT), Technische Universität Braunschweig, 38104 Braunschweig, Germany; (D.A.S.); (V.M.); (J.C.P.); (B.T.)
- Center of Pharmaceutical Engineering (PVZ), Technische Universität Braunschweig, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Viktor Maurer
- Institute for Particle Technology (iPAT), Technische Universität Braunschweig, 38104 Braunschweig, Germany; (D.A.S.); (V.M.); (J.C.P.); (B.T.)
- Center of Pharmaceutical Engineering (PVZ), Technische Universität Braunschweig, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Firat Baris Barlas
- Faculty of Science Biochemistry Department, Ege University, 35100 Izmir, Turkey; (F.B.B.); (E.C.); (S.T.)
| | - Julian Cedric Porsiel
- Institute for Particle Technology (iPAT), Technische Universität Braunschweig, 38104 Braunschweig, Germany; (D.A.S.); (V.M.); (J.C.P.); (B.T.)
| | - Bilal Temel
- Institute for Particle Technology (iPAT), Technische Universität Braunschweig, 38104 Braunschweig, Germany; (D.A.S.); (V.M.); (J.C.P.); (B.T.)
| | - Elcin Ceylan
- Faculty of Science Biochemistry Department, Ege University, 35100 Izmir, Turkey; (F.B.B.); (E.C.); (S.T.)
| | - Suna Timur
- Faculty of Science Biochemistry Department, Ege University, 35100 Izmir, Turkey; (F.B.B.); (E.C.); (S.T.)
| | - Frank Stahl
- Institute for Technical Chemistry, Leibniz University Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany; (F.S.); (T.S.)
| | - Thomas Scheper
- Institute for Technical Chemistry, Leibniz University Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany; (F.S.); (T.S.)
| | - Georg Garnweitner
- Institute for Particle Technology (iPAT), Technische Universität Braunschweig, 38104 Braunschweig, Germany; (D.A.S.); (V.M.); (J.C.P.); (B.T.)
- Center of Pharmaceutical Engineering (PVZ), Technische Universität Braunschweig, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
- Correspondence:
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14
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Shiralizadeh Dezfuli A, Kohan E, Tehrani Fateh S, Alimirzaei N, Arzaghi H, Hamblin MR. Organic dots (O-dots) for theranostic applications: preparation and surface engineering. RSC Adv 2021; 11:2253-2291. [PMID: 35424170 PMCID: PMC8693874 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra08041a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Organic dots is a term used to represent materials including graphene quantum dots and carbon quantum dots because they rely on the presence of other atoms (O, H, and N) for their photoluminescence or fluorescence properties. They generally have a small size (as low as 2.5 nm), and show good photostability under prolonged irradiation. The excitation and emission wavelengths of O-dots can be tailored according to their synthetic procedure, where although their quantum yield is quite low compared with organic dyes, this is partly compensated by their large absorption coefficients. A wide range of strategies have been used to modify the surface of O-dots for passivation, improving their solubility and biocompatibility, and allowing the attachment of targeting moieties and therapeutic cargos. Hybrid nanostructures based on O-dots have been used for theranostic applications, particularly for cancer imaging and therapy. This review covers the synthesis, physics, chemistry, and characterization of O-dots. Their applications cover the prevention of protein fibril formation, and both controlled and targeted drug and gene delivery. Multifunctional therapeutic and imaging platforms have been reported, which combine four or more separate modalities, frequently including photothermal or photodynamic therapy and imaging and drug release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Shiralizadeh Dezfuli
- Physiology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
- Ronash Technology Pars Company Tehran Iran
| | - Elmira Kohan
- Department of Science, University of Kurdistan Kurdistan Sanandaj Iran
| | - Sepand Tehrani Fateh
- School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (SBMU) Tehran Iran
| | - Neda Alimirzaei
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, University of Kashan Kashan Iran
| | - Hamidreza Arzaghi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS) Tehran Iran
| | - Michael R Hamblin
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School Boston MA 02114 USA
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science, University of Johannesburg Doornfontein 2028 South Africa
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15
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Cohen EN, Kondiah PPD, Choonara YE, du Toit LC, Pillay V. Carbon Dots as Nanotherapeutics for Biomedical Application. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 26:2207-2221. [PMID: 32238132 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200402102308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanodots are zero-dimensional spherical allotropes of carbon and are less than 10nm in size (ranging from 2-8nm). Based on their biocompatibility, remarkable water solubility, eco- friendliness, conductivity, desirable optical properties and low toxicity, carbon dots have revolutionized the biomedical field. In addition, they have intrinsic photo-luminesce to facilitate bio-imaging, bio-sensing and theranostics. Carbon dots are also ideal for targeted drug delivery. Through functionalization of their surfaces for attachment of receptor-specific ligands, they ultimately result in improved drug efficacy and a decrease in side-effects. This feature may be ideal for effective chemo-, gene- and antibiotic-therapy. Carbon dots also comply with green chemistry principles with regard to their safe, rapid and eco-friendly synthesis. Carbon dots thus, have significantly enhanced drug delivery and exhibit much promise for future biomedical applications. The purpose of this review is to elucidate the various applications of carbon dots in biomedical fields. In doing so, this review highlights the synthesis, surface functionalization and applicability of biodegradable polymers for the synthesis of carbon dots. It further highlights a myriad of biodegradable, biocompatible and cost-effective polymers that can be utilized for the fabrication of carbon dots. The limitations of these polymers are illustrated as well. Additionally, this review discusses the application of carbon dots in theranostics, chemo-sensing and targeted drug delivery systems. This review also serves to discuss the various properties of carbon dots which allow chemotherapy and gene therapy to be safer and more target-specific, resulting in the reduction of side effects experienced by patients and also the overall increase in patient compliance and quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eemaan N Cohen
- Wits Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Therapeutic Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 7 York Road, Parktown, 2193, South Africa
| | - Pierre P D Kondiah
- Wits Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Therapeutic Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 7 York Road, Parktown, 2193, South Africa
| | - Yahya E Choonara
- Wits Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Therapeutic Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 7 York Road, Parktown, 2193, South Africa
| | - Lisa C du Toit
- Wits Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Therapeutic Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 7 York Road, Parktown, 2193, South Africa
| | - Viness Pillay
- Wits Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Therapeutic Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 7 York Road, Parktown, 2193, South Africa
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16
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Rueda-Gensini L, Cifuentes J, Castellanos MC, Puentes PR, Serna JA, Muñoz-Camargo C, Cruz JC. Tailoring Iron Oxide Nanoparticles for Efficient Cellular Internalization and Endosomal Escape. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:E1816. [PMID: 32932957 PMCID: PMC7559083 DOI: 10.3390/nano10091816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Iron oxide nanoparticles (IONs) have been widely explored for biomedical applications due to their high biocompatibility, surface-coating versatility, and superparamagnetic properties. Upon exposure to an external magnetic field, IONs can be precisely directed to a region of interest and serve as exceptional delivery vehicles and cellular markers. However, the design of nanocarriers that achieve an efficient endocytic uptake, escape lysosomal degradation, and perform precise intracellular functions is still a challenge for their application in translational medicine. This review highlights several aspects that mediate the activation of the endosomal pathways, as well as the different properties that govern endosomal escape and nuclear transfection of magnetic IONs. In particular, we review a variety of ION surface modification alternatives that have emerged for facilitating their endocytic uptake and their timely escape from endosomes, with special emphasis on how these can be manipulated for the rational design of cell-penetrating vehicles. Moreover, additional modifications for enhancing nuclear transfection are also included in the design of therapeutic vehicles that must overcome this barrier. Understanding these mechanisms opens new perspectives in the strategic development of vehicles for cell tracking, cell imaging and the targeted intracellular delivery of drugs and gene therapy sequences and vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Rueda-Gensini
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Universidad de Los Andes, Carrera 1 No. 18A-12, 111711 Bogotá, Colombia; (L.R.-G.); (J.C.); (M.C.C.); (P.R.P.); (J.A.S.)
| | - Javier Cifuentes
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Universidad de Los Andes, Carrera 1 No. 18A-12, 111711 Bogotá, Colombia; (L.R.-G.); (J.C.); (M.C.C.); (P.R.P.); (J.A.S.)
| | - Maria Claudia Castellanos
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Universidad de Los Andes, Carrera 1 No. 18A-12, 111711 Bogotá, Colombia; (L.R.-G.); (J.C.); (M.C.C.); (P.R.P.); (J.A.S.)
| | - Paola Ruiz Puentes
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Universidad de Los Andes, Carrera 1 No. 18A-12, 111711 Bogotá, Colombia; (L.R.-G.); (J.C.); (M.C.C.); (P.R.P.); (J.A.S.)
| | - Julian A. Serna
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Universidad de Los Andes, Carrera 1 No. 18A-12, 111711 Bogotá, Colombia; (L.R.-G.); (J.C.); (M.C.C.); (P.R.P.); (J.A.S.)
| | - Carolina Muñoz-Camargo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Universidad de Los Andes, Carrera 1 No. 18A-12, 111711 Bogotá, Colombia; (L.R.-G.); (J.C.); (M.C.C.); (P.R.P.); (J.A.S.)
| | - Juan C. Cruz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Universidad de Los Andes, Carrera 1 No. 18A-12, 111711 Bogotá, Colombia; (L.R.-G.); (J.C.); (M.C.C.); (P.R.P.); (J.A.S.)
- School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia
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17
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Benjamín-Rivera JA, Cardona-Rivera AE, Vázquez-Maldonado ÁL, Dones-Lassalle CY, Pabón-Colon HL, Rodríguez-Rivera HM, Rodríguez I, González-Espiet JC, Pazol J, Pérez-Ríos JD, Catala-Torres JF, Carrasquillo Rivera M, De Jesus-Soto MG, Cordero-Virella NA, Cruz-Maldonado PM, González-Pagan P, Hernández-Ríos R, Gaur K, Loza-Rosas SA, Tinoco AD. Exploring Serum Transferrin Regulation of Nonferric Metal Therapeutic Function and Toxicity. INORGANICS 2020; 8:48. [PMID: 36844373 PMCID: PMC9957567 DOI: 10.3390/inorganics8090048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Serum transferrin (sTf) plays a pivotal role in regulating iron biodistribution and homeostasis within the body. The molecular details of sTf Fe(III) binding blood transport, and cellular delivery through transferrin receptor-mediated endocytosis are generally well-understood. Emerging interest exists in exploring sTf complexation of nonferric metals as it facilitates the therapeutic potential and toxicity of several of them. This review explores recent X-ray structural and physiologically relevant metal speciation studies to understand how sTf partakes in the bioactivity of key non-redox active hard Lewis acidic metals. It challenges preconceived notions of sTf structure function correlations that were based exclusively on the Fe(III) model by revealing distinct coordination modalities that nonferric metal ions can adopt and different modes of binding to metal-free and Fe(III)-bound sTf that can directly influence how they enter into cells and, ultimately, how they may impact human health. This knowledge informs on biomedical strategies to engineer sTf as a delivery vehicle for metal-based diagnostic and therapeutic agents in the cancer field. It is the intention of this work to open new avenues for characterizing the functionality and medical utility of nonferric-bound sTf and to expand the significance of this protein in the context of bioinorganic chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josué A. Benjamín-Rivera
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus, Río Piedras, PR 00931, USA)
| | - Andrés E. Cardona-Rivera
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus, Río Piedras, PR 00931, USA)
| | | | | | - Héctor L. Pabón-Colon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus, Río Piedras, PR 00931, USA)
| | | | - Israel Rodríguez
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus, Río Piedras, PR 00931, USA)
| | - Jean C. González-Espiet
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus, Río Piedras, PR 00931, USA)
| | - Jessika Pazol
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus, Río Piedras, PR 00931, USA)
| | - Jobaniel D. Pérez-Ríos
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus, Río Piedras, PR 00931, USA)
| | - José F. Catala-Torres
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus, Río Piedras, PR 00931, USA)
| | | | - Michael G. De Jesus-Soto
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus, Río Piedras, PR 00931, USA)
| | | | - Paola M. Cruz-Maldonado
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus, Río Piedras, PR 00931, USA)
| | - Patricia González-Pagan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus, Río Piedras, PR 00931, USA)
| | - Raul Hernández-Ríos
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus, Río Piedras, PR 00931, USA)
| | - Kavita Gaur
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus, Río Piedras, PR 00931, USA)
| | - Sergio A. Loza-Rosas
- Departamento de Química y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias e Ingeniería, Universidad de Boyacá, Tunja 150003, Colombia
| | - Arthur D. Tinoco
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus, Río Piedras, PR 00931, USA)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-939-319-9701
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18
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Sokolova V, Nzou G, van der Meer SB, Ruks T, Heggen M, Loza K, Hagemann N, Murke F, Giebel B, Hermann DM, Atala AJ, Epple M. Ultrasmall gold nanoparticles (2 nm) can penetrate and enter cell nuclei in an in vitro 3D brain spheroid model. Acta Biomater 2020; 111:349-362. [PMID: 32413579 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The neurovascular unit (NVU) is a complex functional and anatomical structure composed of endothelial cells and their blood-brain barrier (BBB) forming tight junctions. It represents an efficient barrier for molecules and drugs. However, it also prevents a targeted transport for the treatment of cerebral diseases. The uptake of ultrasmall nanoparticles as potential drug delivery agents was studied in a three-dimensional co-culture cell model (3D spheroid) composed of primary human cells (astrocytes, pericytes, endothelial cells). Multicellular 3D spheroids show reproducible NVU features and functions. The spheroid core is composed mainly of astrocytes, covered with pericytes, while brain endothelial cells form the surface layer, establishing the NVU that regulates the transport of molecules. After 120 h cultivation, the cells self-assemble into a 350 µm spheroid as shown by confocal laser scanning microscopy. The passage of different types of fluorescent ultrasmall gold nanoparticles (core diameter 2 nm) both into the spheroid and into three constituting cell types was studied by confocal laser scanning microscopy. Three kinds of covalently fluorophore-conjugated gold nanoparticles were used: One with fluorescein (FAM), one with Cy3, and one with the peptide CGGpTPAAK-5,6-FAM-NH2. In 2D cell co-culture experiments, it was found that all three kinds of nanoparticles readily entered all three cell types. FAM- and Cy3-labelled nanoparticles were able to enter the cell nucleus as well. The three dissolved dyes alone were not taken up by any cell type. A similar situation evolved with 3D spheroids: The three kinds of nanoparticles entered the spheroid, but the dissolved dyes did not. The presence of a functional blood-brain barrier was demonstrated by adding histamine to the spheroids. In that case, the blood-brain barrier opened, and dissolved dyes like a FITC-labelled antibody and FITC alone entered the spheroid. In summary, our results qualify ultrasmall gold nanoparticles as suitable carriers for imaging or drug delivery into brain cells (sometimes including the nucleus), brain cell spheroids, and probably also into the brain. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: 3D brain spheroid model and its permeability by ultrasmall gold nanoparticles. We demonstrate that ultrasmall gold nanoparticles can easily penetrate the constituting cells and sometimes even enter the cell nucleus. They can also enter the interior of the blood-brain barrier model. In contrast, small molecules like fluorescing dyes are not able to do that. Thus, ultrasmall gold nanoparticles can serve as carriers of drugs or for imaging inside the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktoriya Sokolova
- Inorganic Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CeNIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, 45117, Germany
| | - Goodwell Nzou
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27101, USA
| | - Selina B van der Meer
- Inorganic Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CeNIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, 45117, Germany
| | - Tatjana Ruks
- Inorganic Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CeNIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, 45117, Germany
| | - Marc Heggen
- Ernst Ruska-Center for Microscopy and Spectroscopy with Electrons, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Kateryna Loza
- Inorganic Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CeNIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, 45117, Germany
| | - Nina Hagemann
- Chair of Vascular Neurology and Dementia, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, 45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Florian Murke
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Bernd Giebel
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Dirk M Hermann
- Chair of Vascular Neurology and Dementia, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, 45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Anthony J Atala
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27101, USA
| | - Matthias Epple
- Inorganic Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CeNIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, 45117, Germany.
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19
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You ZQ, Wu Q, Zhou XM, Zhang XS, Yuan B, Wen LL, Xu WD, Cui S, Tang XL, Zhang X. Receptor-Mediated Delivery of Astaxanthin-Loaded Nanoparticles to Neurons: An Enhanced Potential for Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Treatment. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:989. [PMID: 31619957 PMCID: PMC6759683 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Astaxanthin (ATX) is a carotenoid that exerts strong anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory property deriving from its highly unsaturated molecular structures. However, the low stability and solubility of ATX results in poor bioavailability, which markedly hampers its application as therapeutic agent in clinic advancement. This study investigated a promising way of transferrin conjugated to poly (ethylene glycol) (PEG)-encapsulated ATX nanoparticles (ATX-NPs) on targeted delivery and evaluated the possible mechanism underlying neuroprotection capability. As a result, the ATX integrated into nanocarrier presented both well water-dispersible and biocompatible, primely conquering its limitations. More than that, the transferrin-containing ATX-NPs exhibited enhanced cellular uptake efficiency than that of ATX-NPs without transferrin conjugated in primary cortical neurons. Additionally, compared to free ATX, transferrin-containing ATX-NPs with lower ATX concentration showed powerful neuroprotective effects on OxyHb-induced neuronal damage. Taken together, the improved bioavailability and enhanced neuroprotective effects enabled ATX-NPs as favorable candidates for targeted delivery and absorption of ATX. We believe that these in vitro findings will provide insights for advancement of subarachnoid hemorrhage therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zong-Qi You
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Qi Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiang-Sheng Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bin Yuan
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Li-Li Wen
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei-Dong Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Southern Medical University (Guangzhou), Nanjing, China
| | - Sheng Cui
- College of Material Sciences and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiang-Long Tang
- College of Material Sciences and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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20
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Xie J, Shen Z, Anraku Y, Kataoka K, Chen X. Nanomaterial-based blood-brain-barrier (BBB) crossing strategies. Biomaterials 2019; 224:119491. [PMID: 31546096 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.119491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 259] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 08/31/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Increasing attention has been paid to the diseases of central nervous system (CNS). The penetration efficiency of most CNS drugs into the brain parenchyma is rather limited due to the existence of blood-brain barrier (BBB). Thus, BBB crossing for drug delivery to CNS remains a significant challenge in the development of neurological therapeutics. Because of the advantageous properties (e.g., relatively high drug loading content, controllable drug release, excellent passive and active targeting, good stability, biodegradability, biocompatibility, and low toxicity), nanomaterials with BBB-crossability have been widely developed for the treatment of CNS diseases. This review summarizes the current understanding of the physiological structure of BBB, and provides various nanomaterial-based BBB-crossing strategies for brain delivery of theranostic agents, including intranasal delivery, temporary disruption of BBB, local delivery, cell penetrating peptide (CPP) mediated BBB-crossing, receptor mediated BBB-crossing, shuttle peptide mediated BBB-crossing, and cells mediated BBB-crossing. Clinicians, biologists, material scientists and chemists are expected to be interested in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinbing Xie
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China; Innovation Center of NanoMedicine, Kawasaki Institute of Industrial Promotion, 3-25-14, Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, 210-0821, Japan
| | - Zheyu Shen
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| | - Yasutaka Anraku
- Innovation Center of NanoMedicine, Kawasaki Institute of Industrial Promotion, 3-25-14, Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, 210-0821, Japan
| | - Kazunori Kataoka
- Innovation Center of NanoMedicine, Kawasaki Institute of Industrial Promotion, 3-25-14, Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, 210-0821, Japan; Policy Alternatives Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.
| | - Xiaoyuan Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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21
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Belkahla H, Mazarío E, Sangnier AP, Lomas JS, Gharbi T, Ammar S, Micheau O, Wilhelm C, Hémadi M. TRAIL acts synergistically with iron oxide nanocluster-mediated magneto- and photothermia. Theranostics 2019; 9:5924-5936. [PMID: 31534529 PMCID: PMC6735372 DOI: 10.7150/thno.36320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Targeting TRAIL (Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand) receptors for cancer therapy remains challenging due to tumor cell resistance and poor preparations of TRAIL or its derivatives. Herein, to optimize its therapeutic use, TRAIL was grafted onto iron oxide nanoclusters (NCs) with the aim of increasing its pro-apoptotic potential through nanoparticle-mediated magnetic hyperthermia (MHT) or photothermia (PT). Methods: The nanovector, NC@TRAIL, was characterized in terms of size, grafting efficiency, and potential for MHT and PT. The therapeutic function was assessed on a TRAIL-resistant breast cancer cell line, MDA-MB-231, wild type (WT) or TRAIL-receptor-deficient (DKO), by combining complementary methylene blue assay and flow cytometry detection of apoptosis and necrosis. Results: Combined with MHT or PT under conditions of "moderate hyperthermia" at low concentrations, NC@TRAIL acts synergistically with the TRAIL receptor to increase the cell death rate beyond what can be explained by the mere global elevation of temperature. In contrast, all results are consistent with the idea that there are hotspots, close to the nanovector and, therefore, to the membrane receptor, which cause disruption of the cell membrane. Furthermore, nanovectors targeting other membrane receptors, unrelated to the TNF superfamily, were also found to cause tumor cell damage upon PT. Indeed, functionalization of NCs by transferrin (NC@Tf) or human serum albumin (NC@HSA) induces tumor cell killing when combined with PT, albeit less efficiently than NC@TRAIL. Conclusions: Given that magnetic nanoparticles can easily be functionalized with molecules or proteins recognizing membrane receptors, these results should pave the way to original remote-controlled antitumoral targeted thermal therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanene Belkahla
- Université de Paris, ITODYS, CNRS-UMR 7086, 15 rue J.-A. de Baïf, F-75013 Paris, France
- Nanomedicine, Imagery and Therapeutics, EA 4662, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UFR Sciences & Techniques, 16 Route de Gray, 25030 Besançon Cedex, France
- Lipides nutrition cancer, INSERM-UMR 1231, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UFR Science de Santé, 7 Bd Jeanne d'Arc, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Eva Mazarío
- Université de Paris, ITODYS, CNRS-UMR 7086, 15 rue J.-A. de Baïf, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Anouchka Plan Sangnier
- Laboratoire Matières et Systèmes Complexes, Université de Paris, CNRS-UMR 7057, 10 rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - John S. Lomas
- Université de Paris, ITODYS, CNRS-UMR 7086, 15 rue J.-A. de Baïf, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Tijani Gharbi
- Nanomedicine, Imagery and Therapeutics, EA 4662, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UFR Sciences & Techniques, 16 Route de Gray, 25030 Besançon Cedex, France
| | - Souad Ammar
- Université de Paris, ITODYS, CNRS-UMR 7086, 15 rue J.-A. de Baïf, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Olivier Micheau
- Lipides nutrition cancer, INSERM-UMR 1231, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UFR Science de Santé, 7 Bd Jeanne d'Arc, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Claire Wilhelm
- Laboratoire Matières et Systèmes Complexes, Université de Paris, CNRS-UMR 7057, 10 rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - Miryana Hémadi
- Université de Paris, ITODYS, CNRS-UMR 7086, 15 rue J.-A. de Baïf, F-75013 Paris, France
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22
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Attia MF, Anton N, Wallyn J, Omran Z, Vandamme TF. An overview of active and passive targeting strategies to improve the nanocarriers efficiency to tumour sites. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 71:1185-1198. [PMID: 31049986 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.13098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 426] [Impact Index Per Article: 85.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This review highlights both the physicochemical characteristics of the nanocarriers (NCs) and the physiological features of tumour microenvironment (TME) to outline what strategies undertaken to deliver the molecules of interest specifically to certain lesions. This review discusses these properties describing the convenient choice between passive and active targeting mechanisms with details, illustrated with examples of targeting agents up to preclinical research or clinical advances. KEY FINDINGS Targeted delivery approaches for anticancers have shown a steep rise over the past few decades. Though many successful preclinical trials, only few passive targeted nanocarriers are approved for clinical use and none of the active targeted nanoparticles. Herein, we review the principles and for both processes and the correlation with the tumour microenvironment. We also focus on the limitation and advantages of each systems regarding laboratory and industrial scale. SUMMARY The current literature discusses how the NCs and the enhanced permeation and retention effect impact the passive targeting. Whereas the active targeting relies on the ligand-receptor binding, which improves selective accumulation to targeted sites and thus discriminates between the diseased and healthy tissues. The latter could be achieved by targeting the endothelial cells, tumour cells, the acidic environment of cancers and nucleus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed F Attia
- CNRS, CAMB, UMR 7199, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.,Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA.,National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nicolas Anton
- CNRS, CAMB, UMR 7199, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Justine Wallyn
- CNRS, CAMB, UMR 7199, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Ziad Omran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Umm Al-Qura, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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23
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Targeted Delivery of Nanoparticulate Cytochrome C into Glioma Cells Through the Proton-Coupled Folate Transporter. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9040154. [PMID: 31003476 PMCID: PMC6523331 DOI: 10.3390/biom9040154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we identified the proton-coupled folate transporter (PCFT) as a route for targeted delivery of drugs to some gliomas. Using the techniques of confocal imaging, quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), and small interfering (siRNA) knockdown against the PCFT, we demonstrated that Gl261 and A172 glioma cells, but not U87 and primary cultured astrocytes, express the PCFT, which provides selective internalization of folic acid (FA)-conjugated cytochrome c-containing nanoparticles (FA-Cyt c NPs), followed by cell death. The FA-Cyt c NPs (100 µg/mL), had no cytotoxic effects in astrocytes but caused death in glioma cells, according to their level of expression of PCFT. Whole-cell patch clamp recording revealed FA-induced membrane currents in FA-Cyt c NPs-sensitive gliomas, that were reduced by siRNA PCFT knockdown in a similar manner as by application of FA-Cyt c NPs, indicating that the PCFT is a route for internalization of FA-conjugated NPs in these glioma cells. Analysis of human glioblastoma specimens revealed that at least 25% of glioblastomas express elevated level of either PCFT or folate receptor (FOLR1). We conclude that the PCFT provides a mechanism for targeted delivery of drugs to some gliomas as a starting point for the development of efficient methods for treating gliomas with high expression of PCFT and/or FOLR1.
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24
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Tomitaka A, Ota S, Nishimoto K, Arami H, Takemura Y, Nair M. Dynamic magnetic characterization and magnetic particle imaging enhancement of magnetic-gold core-shell nanoparticles. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:6489-6496. [PMID: 30892348 PMCID: PMC6464385 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr00242a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Multifunctional nanoparticles with a magnetic core and gold shell structures are emerging multi-modal imaging probes for disease diagnosis, image-guided therapy, and theranostic applications. Owing to their multi-functional magnetic and plasmonic properties, these nanoparticles can be used as contrast agents in multiple complementary imaging modalities. Magnetic particle imaging (MPI) is a new pre-clinical imaging system that enables real-time imaging with high sensitivity and spatial resolution by detecting the dynamic responses of nanoparticle tracers. In this study, we evaluated the dynamic magnetic properties and MPI imaging performances of core-shell nanoparticles with a magnetic core coated with a gold shell. A change in AC hysteresis loops was detected before and after the formation of the gold shell on magnetic core nanoparticles, suggesting the influence of the core-shell interfacial effect on their dynamic magnetic properties. This alteration in the dynamic responses resulted in an enhancement of the MPI imaging capacity of magnetic nanoparticles. The gold shell coating also enabled a simple and effective functionalization of the nanoparticles with a brain glioma targeting ligand. The enhanced MPI imaging capacity and effective functionality suggest the potential application of the magnetic-gold core-shell nanoparticles for MPI disease diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asahi Tomitaka
- Department of Immunology and Nano-Medicine, Institute of NeuroImmune Pharmacology, Centre for Personalized Nanomedicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, USA.
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25
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Choudhury H, Pandey M, Chin PX, Phang YL, Cheah JY, Ooi SC, Mak KK, Pichika MR, Kesharwani P, Hussain Z, Gorain B. Transferrin receptors-targeting nanocarriers for efficient targeted delivery and transcytosis of drugs into the brain tumors: a review of recent advancements and emerging trends. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2018; 8:1545-1563. [PMID: 29916012 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-018-0552-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Treatment of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a predominant challenge in chemotherapy due to the existence of blood-brain barrier (BBB) which restricts delivery of chemotherapeutic agents to the brain together with the problem of drug penetration through hard parenchyma of the GBM. With the structural and mechanistic elucidation of the BBB under both physiological and pathological conditions, it is now viable to target central nervous system (CNS) disorders utilizing the presence of transferrin (Tf) receptors (TfRs). However, overexpression of these TfRs on the GBM cell surface can also help to avoid restrictions of GBM cells to deliver chemotherapeutic agents within the tumor. Therefore, targeting of TfR-mediated delivery could counteract drug delivery issues in GBM and create a delivery system that could cross the BBB effectively to utilize ligand-conjugated drug complexes through receptor-mediated transcytosis. Hence, approach towards successful delivery of antitumor agents to the gliomas has been making possible through targeting these overexpressed TfRs within the CNS and glioma cells. This review article presents a thorough analysis of current understanding on Tf-conjugated nanocarriers as efficient drug delivery system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hira Choudhury
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Manisha Pandey
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Pei Xin Chin
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yee Lin Phang
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Jeng Yuen Cheah
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Shu Chien Ooi
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kit-Kay Mak
- School of Postgraduate Studies and Research, International Medical University, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mallikarjuna Rao Pichika
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Centre for Bioactive Molecules and Drug Delivery, Institute for Research, Development and Innovation, International Medical University, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Prashant Kesharwani
- Pharmaceutics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226031, India
| | - Zahid Hussain
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA Selangor, 42300, Puncak Alam, Malaysia
| | - Bapi Gorain
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Lincoln University College, Petalling Jaya, 47301, Kuala Lumpur, Selangor, Malaysia
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26
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Zhou Y, Peng Z, Seven ES, Leblanc RM. Crossing the blood-brain barrier with nanoparticles. J Control Release 2017; 270:290-303. [PMID: 29269142 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2017.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 408] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Revised: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is one of the most essential protection mechanisms in the central nervous system (CNS). It selectively allows individual molecules such as small lipid-soluble molecules to pass through the capillary endothelial membrane while limiting the passage of pathogens or toxins. However, this protection mechanism is also a major obstacle during disease state since it dramatically hinders the drug delivery. In recent years, various tactics have been applied to assist drugs to cross the BBB including osmotic disruption of the BBB and chemical modification of prodrugs. Additionally, nanoparticles (NPs)-mediated drug delivery is emerging as an effective and non-invasive system to treat cerebral diseases. In this review, we will summarize and analyze the advances in the drug delivery across the BBB using various NPs in the last decade. The NPs will cover both traditional and novel nanocarriers. The traditional nanocarriers consist of poly(butylcyanoacrylate), poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid), poly(lactic acid) NPs, liposomes and inorganic systems. In the meanwhile, novel nanocarriers such as carbon quantum dots with their recent applications in drug delivery will also be introduced. In terms of significance, this review clearly depicts the BBB structure and comprehensively describes various NPs-mediated drug delivery systems according to different NPs species. Also, the BBB penetration mechanisms are concluded in general, emphasized and investigated in each drug delivery system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqun Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA
| | - Zhili Peng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA; College of Pharmacy and Chemistry, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan 671000, PR China
| | - Elif S Seven
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA
| | - Roger M Leblanc
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA.
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27
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Nanoparticles and targeted drug delivery in cancer therapy. Immunol Lett 2017; 190:64-83. [PMID: 28760499 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2017.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 262] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Revised: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and hormone therapy are the main common anti-tumor therapeutic approaches. However, the non-specific targeting of cancer cells has made these approaches non-effective in the significant number of patients. Non-specific targeting of malignant cells also makes indispensable the application of the higher doses of drugs to reach the tumor region. Therefore, there are two main barriers in the way to reach the tumor area with maximum efficacy. The first, inhibition of drug delivery to healthy non-cancer cells and the second, the direct conduction of drugs into tumor site. Nanoparticles (NPs) are the new identified tools by which we can deliver drugs into tumor cells with minimum drug leakage into normal cells. Conjugation of NPs with ligands of cancer specific tumor biomarkers is a potent therapeutic approach to treat cancer diseases with the high efficacy. It has been shown that conjugation of nanocarriers with molecules such as antibodies and their variable fragments, peptides, nucleic aptamers, vitamins, and carbohydrates can lead to effective targeted drug delivery to cancer cells and thereby cancer attenuation. In this review, we will discuss on the efficacy of the different targeting approaches used for targeted drug delivery to malignant cells by NPs.
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28
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Hai J, Piraux H, Mazarío E, Volatron J, Ha-Duong NT, Decorse P, Lomas JS, Verbeke P, Ammar S, Wilhelm C, El Hage Chahine JM, Hémadi M. Maghemite nanoparticles coated with human serum albumin: combining targeting by the iron-acquisition pathway and potential in photothermal therapies. J Mater Chem B 2017; 5:3154-3162. [PMID: 32263713 DOI: 10.1039/c7tb00503b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Human serum albumin (HSA), the most abundant plasma protein in human blood, is a natural transport vehicle with multiple ligand binding sites. It, therefore, constitutes an attractive candidate for drug delivery. Targeting may occur via the most known interaction of the protein with the neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn). Here, we investigate another HSA delivery path, involving the transferrin receptor, and we elaborate a maghemite-HSA nanohybrid, opening up new opportunities for medical applications. Fluorescence spectrophotometric titration and size-exclusion chromatography were used to substantiate, in cell-free assays, an interaction between HSA and the transferrin receptor R1. This occurs with a dissociation constant, KD of 6.7 nM. This interaction was confirmed in HeLa cell culture where, by confocal microscopy, rhodamine-labeled HSA is shown to be internalized. HSA was then covalently conjugated onto maghemite nanoparticles (NPs) to give a NP-HSA nanohybrid. The therapeutic potential of this hybrid was demonstrated through its heating capacity in magnetic hyperthermia (MH) and near-infrared (NIR) photothermia (PT). In particular, the Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) in the PT Therapy (PTT) mode, using a 808 nm NIR-LASER (1 W cm-2) and at iron concentration as low as 2.5 mM, was found to be very high, equal to 1870 W g-1 with a temperature increment of 9.2 °C. The nanohybrids incubated with HeLa cells were mainly localized at the cell surface. When the PTT mode was applied under the same conditions as in vitro, mortality was higher in HeLa cells than in fibroblasts (non-malignant cells). Cytotoxicity was checked in both cell lines without the PTT mode; the nanohybrids do not seem to affect cell viability. These results make the nanohybrids very promising agents for NIR-PT and for targeting in cancer therapy, since non-malignant cells were not damaged.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Hai
- Interfaces, Traitements, Organisation et Dynamique des Systèmes, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS-UMR 7086, 15 rue Jean-Antoine de Baïf, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France.
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29
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Lu F, Pang Z, Zhao J, Jin K, Li H, Pang Q, Zhang L, Pang Z. Angiopep-2-conjugated poly(ethylene glycol)- co- poly(ε-caprolactone) polymersomes for dual-targeting drug delivery to glioma in rats. Int J Nanomedicine 2017; 12:2117-2127. [PMID: 28356732 PMCID: PMC5360408 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s123422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The blood–brain barrier is a formidable obstacle for glioma chemotherapy due to its compact structure and drug efflux ability. In this study, a dual-targeting drug delivery system involving Angiopep-2-conjugated biodegradable polymersomes loaded with doxorubicin (Ang-PS-DOX) was developed to exploit transport by the low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1), which is overexpressed in both blood–brain barrier and glioma cells. The polymersomes (PS) were prepared using a thin-film hydration method. The PS were loaded with doxorubicin using the pH gradient method (Ang-PS-DOX). The resulting PS were uniformly spherical, with diameters of ~135 nm and with ~159.9 Angiopep-2 molecules on the surface of each PS. The drug-loading capacity and the encapsulation efficiency for doxorubicin were 7.94%±0.17% and 95.0%±1.6%, respectively. Permeability tests demonstrated that the proton diffusion coefficient across the PS membrane was far slower than that across the liposome membrane, and the common logarithm value was linearly dependent on the dioxane content in the external phase. Compared with PS-DOX, Ang-PS-DOX demonstrated significantly higher cellular uptake and stronger cytotoxicity in C6 cells. In vivo pharmacokinetics and brain distribution experiments revealed that Ang-PS-DOX achieved a more extensive distribution and more abundant accumulation in glioma cells than PS-DOX. Moreover, the survival time of glioma-bearing rats treated with Ang-PS-DOX was significantly prolonged compared with those treated with PS-DOX or a solution of free doxorubicin. These results suggested that Ang-PS-DOX can target glioma cells and enhance chemotherapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Lu
- Department of Pharmacy, Xianju People's Hospital, Xianju, Zhejiang; Department of Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education and PLA, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai
| | - Zhiyong Pang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education and PLA, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai; Chongyang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Xianning, Hubei
| | - Jingjing Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education and PLA, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai
| | - Kai Jin
- School of Life Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Haichun Li
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education and PLA, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai
| | - Qiang Pang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education and PLA, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai
| | - Long Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education and PLA, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai
| | - Zhiqing Pang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education and PLA, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai
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30
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Luo B, Wang S, Rao R, Liu X, Xu H, Wu Y, Yang X, Liu W. Conjugation Magnetic PAEEP-PLLA Nanoparticles with Lactoferrin as a Specific Targeting MRI Contrast Agent for Detection of Brain Glioma in Rats. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2016; 11:227. [PMID: 27119155 PMCID: PMC4848283 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-016-1421-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The diagnosis of malignant brain gliomas is largely based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with contrast agents. In recent years, nano-sized contrast agents have been developed for improved MRI diagnosis. In this study, oleylamine-coated Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles (OAM-MNPs) were synthesized with thermal decomposition method and encapsulated in novel amphiphilic poly(aminoethyl ethylene phosphate)/poly(L-lactide) (PAEEP-PLLA) copolymer nanoparticles. The OAM-MNP-loaded PAEEP-PLLA nanoparticles (M-PAEEP-PLLA-NPs) were further conjugated with lactoferrin (Lf) for glioma tumor targeting. The Lf-conjugated M-PAEEP-PLLA-NPs (Lf-M-PAEEP-PLLA-NPs) were characterized by photon correlation spectroscopy (PCS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). The average size of OAM-MNPs, M-PAEEP-PLLA-NPs, and Lf-M-PAEEP-PLLA-NPs were 8.6 ± 0.3, 165.7 ± 0.6, and 218.2 ± 0.4 nm, with polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.185 ± 0.023, 0.192 ± 0.021, and 0.224 ± 0.036, respectively. TEM imaging showed that OAM-MNPs were monodisperse and encapsulated in Lf-M-PAEEP-PLLA-NPs. TGA analysis showed that the content of iron oxide nanoparticles was 92.8 % in OAM-MNPs and 45.2 % in Lf-M-PAEEP-PLLA-NPs. VSM results indicated that both OAM-MNPs and Lf-M-PAEEP-PLLA-NPs were superparamagnetic, and the saturated magnetic intensity were 77.1 and 74.8 emu/g Fe. Lf-M-PAEEP-PLLA-NPs exhibited good biocompatibility in cytotoxicity assay. The high cellular uptake of Lf-M-PAEEP-PLLA-NPs in C6 cells indicated that Lf provided effective targeting for the brain tumor cells. The T 2 relaxation rate (r 2) of M-PAEEP-PLLA-NPs and Lf-M-PAEEP-PLLA-NPs were calculated to be 167.2 and 151.3 mM(-1) s(-1). In MRI on Wistar rat-bearing glioma tumor, significant contrast enhancement could clearly appear at 4 h after injection and last 48 h. Prussian blue staining of the section clearly showed the retention of Lf-M-PAEEP-PLLA-NPs in tumor tissues. The results from the in vitro and in vivo MRI indicated that Lf-M-PAEEP-PLLA-NPs possessed strong, long-lasting, tumor targeting, and enhanced tumor MRI contrast ability. Lf-M-PAEEP-PLLA-NPs represent a promising nano-sized MRI contrast agent for brain glioma targeting MRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binhua Luo
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430074, China
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei, China
| | - Siqi Wang
- Department of Radiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, People's Republic of China
| | - Rong Rao
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430074, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xuhan Liu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430074, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Haibo Xu
- Department of Radiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Radiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China.
| | - Yun Wu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, USA
| | - Xiangliang Yang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430074, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Liu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430074, China.
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
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31
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Liu H, Chen X, Xue W, Chu C, Liu Y, Tong H, Du X, Xie T, Liu G, Zhang W. Recombinant epidermal growth factor-like domain-1 from coagulation factor VII functionalized iron oxide nanoparticles for targeted glioma magnetic resonance imaging. Int J Nanomedicine 2016; 11:5099-5108. [PMID: 27785017 PMCID: PMC5063593 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s116980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The highly infiltrative and invasive nature of glioma cells often leads to blurred tumor margins, resulting in incomplete tumor resection and tumor recurrence. Accurate detection and precise delineation of glioma help in preoperative delineation, surgical planning and survival prediction. In this study, recombinant epidermal growth factor-like domain-1, derived from human coagulation factor VII, was conjugated to iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) for targeted glioma magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. The synthesized EGF1-EGFP-IONPs exhibited excellent targeting ability toward tissue factor (TF)-positive U87MG cells and human umbilical vein endothelial cells in vitro, and demonstrated persistent and efficient MR contrast enhancement up to 12 h for preclinical glioma models with high targeting specificity in vivo. They hold great potential for clinical translation and developing targeted theranostics against brain glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Liu
- Department of Radiology, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing; State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian
| | - Xiao Chen
- Department of Radiology, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing
| | - Wei Xue
- Department of Radiology, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing
| | - Chengchao Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian
| | - Yu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian
| | - Haipeng Tong
- Department of Radiology, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing
| | - Xuesong Du
- Department of Radiology, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing
| | - Tian Xie
- Department of Radiology, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing
| | - Gang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian
| | - Weiguo Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing; Chongqing Clinical Research Center for Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
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Tabatabaei SN, Tabatabaei MS, Girouard H, Martel S. Hyperthermia of magnetic nanoparticles allows passage of sodium fluorescein and Evans blue dye across the blood–retinal barrier. Int J Hyperthermia 2016; 32:657-65. [DOI: 10.1080/02656736.2016.1193903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Nasrollah Tabatabaei
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, École Polytechnique de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Maryam Sadat Tabatabaei
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, École Polytechnique de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Hélène Girouard
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Sylvain Martel
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, École Polytechnique de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
- Department of Medical Nanorobotics, Nanorobotics Laboratory, Montreal, Canada
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Li S, Peng Z, Dallman J, Baker J, Othman AM, Blackwelder PL, Leblanc RM. Crossing the blood-brain-barrier with transferrin conjugated carbon dots: A zebrafish model study. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2016; 145:251-256. [PMID: 27187189 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2016.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Revised: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Drug delivery to the central nervous system (CNS) in biological systems remains a major medical challenge due to the tight junctions between endothelial cells known as the blood-brain-barrier (BBB). Here we use a zebrafish model to explore the possibility of using transferrin-conjugated carbon dots (C-Dots) to ferry compounds across the BBB. C-Dots have previously been reported to inhibit protein fibrillation, and they are also used to deliver drugs for disease treatment. In terms of the potential medical application of C-Dots for the treatment of CNS diseases, one of the most formidable challenges is how to deliver them inside the CNS. To achieve this in this study, human transferrin was covalently conjugated to C-Dots. The conjugates were then injected into the vasculature of zebrafish to examine the possibility of crossing the BBB in vivo via transferrin receptor-mediated endocytosis. The experimental observations suggest that the transferrin-C-Dots can enter the CNS while C-Dots alone cannot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanghao Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, FL, 33146, United States
| | - Zhili Peng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, FL, 33146, United States
| | - Julia Dallman
- Department of Biology, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, FL, 33146, United States
| | - James Baker
- Department of Biology, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, FL, 33146, United States
| | - Abdelhameed M Othman
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science in Yanbu, Taibah University, Yanbu, Saudi Arabia; Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt
| | - Patrica L Blackwelder
- University of Miami Center for Advanced Microscopy and Marine Geosciences, 1301 Memorial Drive, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, 33146, United States; Nova Southeastern University Oceanographic Center, 8000 North Ocean Drive, Dania, FL, 33004, United States
| | - Roger M Leblanc
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, FL, 33146, United States.
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Liu H, Zhang J, Chen X, Du XS, Zhang JL, Liu G, Zhang WG. Application of iron oxide nanoparticles in glioma imaging and therapy: from bench to bedside. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:7808-7826. [PMID: 27029509 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr00147e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Gliomas are the most common primary brain tumors and have a very dismal prognosis. However, recent advancements in nanomedicine and nanotechnology provide opportunities for personalized treatment regimens to improve the poor prognosis of patients suffering from glioma. This comprehensive review starts with an outline of the current status facing glioma. It then provides an overview of the state-of-the-art applications of iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) to glioma diagnostics and therapeutics, including MR contrast enhancement, drug delivery, cell labeling and tracking, magnetic hyperthermia treatment and magnetic particle imaging. It also addresses current challenges associated with the biological barriers and IONP design with an emphasis on recent advances and innovative approaches for glioma targeting strategies. Opportunities for future development are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Liu
- Department of Radiology, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics & Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China.
| | - Jun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics & Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China. and Sichuan Key Laboratory of Medical Imaging, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637007, China
| | - Xiao Chen
- Department of Radiology, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Xue-Song Du
- Department of Radiology, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Jin-Long Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Gang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics & Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China.
| | - Wei-Guo Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China and The State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China.
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Das S, Carnicer-Lombarte A, Fawcett JW, Bora U. Bio-inspired nano tools for neuroscience. Prog Neurobiol 2016; 142:1-22. [PMID: 27107796 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2016.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Revised: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Research and treatment in the nervous system is challenged by many physiological barriers posing a major hurdle for neurologists. The CNS is protected by a formidable blood brain barrier (BBB) which limits surgical, therapeutic and diagnostic interventions. The hostile environment created by reactive astrocytes in the CNS along with the limited regeneration capacity of the PNS makes functional recovery after tissue damage difficult and inefficient. Nanomaterials have the unique ability to interface with neural tissue in the nano-scale and are capable of influencing the function of a single neuron. The ability of nanoparticles to transcend the BBB through surface modifications has been exploited in various neuro-imaging techniques and for targeted drug delivery. The tunable topography of nanofibers provides accurate spatio-temporal guidance to regenerating axons. This review is an attempt to comprehend the progress in understanding the obstacles posed by the complex physiology of the nervous system and the innovations in design and fabrication of advanced nanomaterials drawing inspiration from natural phenomenon. We also discuss the development of nanomaterials for use in Neuro-diagnostics, Neuro-therapy and the fabrication of advanced nano-devices for use in opto-electronic and ultrasensitive electrophysiological applications. The energy efficient and parallel computing ability of the human brain has inspired the design of advanced nanotechnology based computational systems. However, extensive use of nanomaterials in neuroscience also raises serious toxicity issues as well as ethical concerns regarding nano implants in the brain. In conclusion we summarize these challenges and provide an insight into the huge potential of nanotechnology platforms in neuroscience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suradip Das
- Bioengineering Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
| | - Alejandro Carnicer-Lombarte
- John Van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0PY, United Kingdom
| | - James W Fawcett
- John Van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0PY, United Kingdom
| | - Utpal Bora
- Bioengineering Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India; Mugagen Laboratories Private Limited, Technology Incubation Complex, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India.
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Gu B, Cai J, Zhang J, Xu X, Luo J, Zhou X, Zheng Y, Zhang Y. 99mTc-labeled and gadolinium-chelated transferrin enhances the sensitivity and specificity of dual-modality SPECT/MR imaging of breast cancer. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra22934k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A dual-modal probe 99mTc–Tf–DTPA–Gd could provide high spatial resolution and high sensitivity images of breast tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingxin Gu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center
- Shanghai
- China
- Center for Biomedical Imaging
| | - Jiali Cai
- Changzheng Hospital
- Secondary Military Medical University
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Jianping Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center
- Shanghai
- China
- Center for Biomedical Imaging
| | - Xiaoping Xu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center
- Shanghai
- China
- Center for Biomedical Imaging
| | - Jianming Luo
- Department of Nuclear Medicine
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center
- Shanghai
- China
- Center for Biomedical Imaging
| | - Xiaobao Zhou
- The Key Laboratory of Resource Chemistry of Ministry of Education
- College of Life and Environmental Science
- Shanghai Normal University
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Yingying Zheng
- Department of Nuclear Medicine
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center
- Shanghai
- China
- Center for Biomedical Imaging
| | - Yingjian Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center
- Shanghai
- China
- Center for Biomedical Imaging
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Bazak R, Houri M, Achy SE, Kamel S, Refaat T. Cancer active targeting by nanoparticles: a comprehensive review of literature. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2015; 141:769-84. [PMID: 25005786 PMCID: PMC4710367 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-014-1767-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 419] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2014] [Accepted: 06/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Cancer is one of the leading causes of death, and thus, the scientific community has but great efforts to improve cancer management. Among the major challenges in cancer management is development of agents that can be used for early diagnosis and effective therapy. Conventional cancer management frequently lacks accurate tools for detection of early tumors and has an associated risk of serious side effects of chemotherapeutics. The need to optimize therapeutic ratio as the difference with which a treatment affects cancer cells versus healthy tissues lead to idea that it is needful to have a treatment that could act a the "magic bullet"-recognize cancer cells only. Nanoparticle platforms offer a variety of potentially efficient solutions for development of targeted agents that can be exploited for cancer diagnosis and treatment. There are two ways by which targeting of nanoparticles can be achieved, namely passive and active targeting. Passive targeting allows for the efficient localization of nanoparticles within the tumor microenvironment. Active targeting facilitates the active uptake of nanoparticles by the tumor cells themselves. METHODS Relevant English electronic databases and scientifically published original articles and reviews were systematically searched for the purpose of this review. RESULTS In this report, we present a comprehensive review of literatures focusing on the active targeting of nanoparticles to cancer cells, including antibody and antibody fragment-based targeting, antigen-based targeting, aptamer-based targeting, as well as ligand-based targeting. CONCLUSION To date, the optimum targeting strategy has not yet been announced, each has its own advantages and disadvantages even though a number of them have found their way for clinical application. Perhaps, a combination of strategies can be employed to improve the precision of drug delivery, paving the way for a more effective personalized therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Remon Bazak
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mohamad Houri
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Beirut Arab University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Samar El Achy
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Serag Kamel
- House Officer, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Tamer Refaat
- Department of Clinical Oncology and Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt; Department of Radiation Oncology, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
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Remote control of the permeability of the blood–brain barrier by magnetic heating of nanoparticles: A proof of concept for brain drug delivery. J Control Release 2015; 206:49-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Revised: 02/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Sun B, Liu R, Ye N, Xiao ZD. Comprehensive evaluation of microRNA expression profiling reveals the neural signaling specific cytotoxicity of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) through N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0121671. [PMID: 25798908 PMCID: PMC4370573 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0121671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2014] [Accepted: 02/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Though nanomaterials are considered as drug carriers or imaging reagents targeting the central nervous system their cytotoxicity effect on neuronal cells has not been well studied. In this study, we treated PC12 cells, a model neuronal cell line, with a nanomaterial that is widely accepted for medical use, superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs). Our results suggest that, after treated with SPIONs, the expression pattern of the cellular miRNAs changed widely in PC12 cells. As potential miRNA targets, NMDAR, one of the candidate mRNAs that were selected using GO and KEGG pathway enrichment, was significantly down regulated by SPIONs treatment. We further illustrated that SPIONs may induce cell death through NMDAR suppression. This study revealed a NMDAR neurotoxic effect of SPIONs and provides a reliable approach for assessing the neurocytotoxic effects of nanomaterials based on the comprehensive annotation of miRNA profiling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, P. R. China
- Institute of Microbiology, School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Rui Liu
- Laboratory of Biophysics, School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Nan Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, P. R. China
| | - Zhong-Dang Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, P. R. China
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Dixit S, Novak T, Miller K, Zhu Y, Kenney ME, Broome AM. Transferrin receptor-targeted theranostic gold nanoparticles for photosensitizer delivery in brain tumors. NANOSCALE 2015; 7:1782-90. [PMID: 25519743 PMCID: PMC4437576 DOI: 10.1039/c4nr04853a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Therapeutic drug delivery across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is not only inefficient, but also nonspecific to brain stroma. These are major limitations in the effective treatment of brain cancer. Transferrin peptide (Tfpep) targeted gold nanoparticles (Tfpep-Au NPs) loaded with the photodynamic pro-drug, Pc 4, have been designed and compared with untargeted Au NPs for delivery of the photosensitizer to brain cancer cell lines. In vitro studies of human glioma cancer lines (LN229 and U87) overexpressing the transferrin receptor (TfR) show a significant increase in cellular uptake for targeted conjugates as compared to untargeted particles. Pc 4 delivered from Tfpep-Au NPs clusters within vesicles after targeting with the Tfpep. Pc 4 continues to accumulate over a 4 hour period. Our work suggests that TfR-targeted Au NPs may have important therapeutic implications for delivering brain tumor therapies and/or providing a platform for noninvasive imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suraj Dixit
- Center for Biomedical Imaging, Medical University of South Carolina, 68 President Street MSC 120, Charleston, SC 29425, USA. Fax: +1 843 876 2469; Tel: +1 843 876 2481
- Department of Radiology & Radiological Science, Medical University of South Carolina, 68 President Street MSC 120, Charleston, SC 29425, USA. Fax: +1 843 876 2469; Tel: +1 843 876 2481
| | - Thomas Novak
- Center for Biomedical Imaging, Medical University of South Carolina, 68 President Street MSC 120, Charleston, SC 29425, USA. Fax: +1 843 876 2469; Tel: +1 843 876 2481
| | - Kayla Miller
- Department of Radiology & Radiological Science, Medical University of South Carolina, 68 President Street MSC 120, Charleston, SC 29425, USA. Fax: +1 843 876 2469; Tel: +1 843 876 2481
| | - Yun Zhu
- Center for Biomedical Imaging, Medical University of South Carolina, 68 President Street MSC 120, Charleston, SC 29425, USA. Fax: +1 843 876 2469; Tel: +1 843 876 2481
- Department of Radiology & Radiological Science, Medical University of South Carolina, 68 President Street MSC 120, Charleston, SC 29425, USA. Fax: +1 843 876 2469; Tel: +1 843 876 2481
| | - Malcolm E. Kenney
- Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA. Fax: +1 216 368 3006; Tel: +1 216 368 3739
| | - Ann-Marie Broome
- Center for Biomedical Imaging, Medical University of South Carolina, 68 President Street MSC 120, Charleston, SC 29425, USA. Fax: +1 843 876 2469; Tel: +1 843 876 2481
- Department of Radiology & Radiological Science, Medical University of South Carolina, 68 President Street MSC 120, Charleston, SC 29425, USA. Fax: +1 843 876 2469; Tel: +1 843 876 2481
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Yan L, Zhang J, Lee CS, Chen X. Micro- and nanotechnologies for intracellular delivery. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2014; 10:4487-504. [PMID: 25168360 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201401532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2014] [Revised: 07/18/2014] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The majority of drugs and biomolecules need to be delivered into cells to be effective. However, the cell membranes, a biological barrier, strictly resist drugs or biomolecules entering cells, resulting in significantly reduced intracellular delivery efficiency. To overcome this barrier, a variety of intracellular delivery approaches including chemical and physical ways have been developed in recent years. In this review, the focus is on summarizing the nanomaterial routes involved in making use of a collection of receptors for the targeted delivery of drugs and biomolecules and the physical ways of applying micro- and nanotechnologies for high-throughput intracellular delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Yan
- Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF) and Department of Physics and Materials Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
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Ajetunmobi A, Prina-Mello A, Volkov Y, Corvin A, Tropea D. Nanotechnologies for the study of the central nervous system. Prog Neurobiol 2014; 123:18-36. [PMID: 25291406 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2014.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2014] [Revised: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 09/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The impact of central nervous system (CNS) disorders on the human population is significant, contributing almost €800 billion in annual European healthcare costs. These disorders not only have a disabling social impact but also a crippling economic drain on resources. Developing novel therapeutic strategies for these disorders requires a better understanding of events that underlie mechanisms of neural circuit physiology. Studying the relationship between genetic expression, synapse development and circuit physiology in CNS function is a challenging task, involving simultaneous analysis of multiple parameters and the convergence of several disciplines and technological approaches. However, current gold-standard techniques used to study the CNS have limitations that pose unique challenges to furthering our understanding of functional CNS development. The recent advancement in nanotechnologies for biomedical applications has seen the emergence of nanoscience as a key enabling technology for delivering a translational bridge between basic and clinical research. In particular, the development of neuroimaging and electrophysiology tools to identify the aetiology and progression of CNS disorders have led to new insights in our understanding of CNS physiology and the development of novel diagnostic modalities for therapeutic intervention. This review focuses on the latest applications of these nanotechnologies for investigating CNS function and the improved diagnosis of CNS disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ajetunmobi
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, St. James' Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland; Centre for Research on Adaptive Nanostructures and Nanodevices (CRANN), Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
| | - A Prina-Mello
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, St. James' Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland; Centre for Research on Adaptive Nanostructures and Nanodevices (CRANN), Trinity College Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Y Volkov
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, St. James' Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland; Centre for Research on Adaptive Nanostructures and Nanodevices (CRANN), Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
| | - A Corvin
- Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Molecular Medicine, St. James' Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
| | - D Tropea
- Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Molecular Medicine, St. James' Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland.
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Akhtar MJ, Ahamed M, Alhadlaq HA, Alrokayan SA, Kumar S. Targeted anticancer therapy: Overexpressed receptors and nanotechnology. Clin Chim Acta 2014; 436:78-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2014.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2014] [Revised: 05/07/2014] [Accepted: 05/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Laurent S, Saei AA, Behzadi S, Panahifar A, Mahmoudi M. Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles for delivery of therapeutic agents: opportunities and challenges. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2014; 11:1449-70. [PMID: 24870351 DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2014.924501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 258] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Bearing in mind that many promising drug candidates have the problem of reaching their target site, the concept of advanced drug delivery can play a significant complementary role in shaping modern medicine. Among other nanoscale drug carriers, superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) have shown great potential in nanomedicine. The intrinsic properties of SPIONs, such as inherent magnetism, broad safety margin and the availability of methods for fabrication and surface engineering, pave the way for diverse biomedical applications. SPIONs can achieve the highest drug targeting efficiency among carriers, since an external magnetic field locally applied to the target organ enhances the accumulation of magnetic nanoparticles in the drug site of action. Moreover, theranostic multifunctional SPIONs make simultaneous delivery and imaging possible. In spite of these favorable qualities, there are some toxicological concerns, such as oxidative stress, unpredictable cellular responses and induction of signaling pathways, alteration in gene expression profiles and potential disturbance in iron homeostasis, that need to be carefully considered. Besides, the protein corona at the surface of the SPIONs may induce few shortcomings such as reduction of SPIONs targeting efficacy. AREAS COVERED In this review, we will present recent developments of SPIONs as theranostic agents. The article will further address some barriers on drug delivery using SPIONs. EXPERT OPINION One of the major success determinants in targeted in vivo drug delivery using SPIONs is the adequacy of magnetic gradient. This can be partially achieved by using superconducting magnets, local implantation of magnets and application of magnetic stents. Other issues that must be considered include the pharmacokinetics and in vivo fate of SPIONs, their biodegradability, biocompatibility, potential side effects and the crucial impact of protein corona on either drug release profile or mistargeting. Surface modification of SPIONs can open up the possibility of drug delivery to intracellular organelles, drug delivery across the blood-brain barrier, modifying metabolic diseases and a variety of other multimodal and/or theranostic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Laurent
- University of Mons, Avenue Maistriau, NMR and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of General, Organic, and Biomedical Chemistry , 19, B-7000 Mons , Belgium
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Singh D, McMillan JM, Liu XM, Vishwasrao HM, Kabanov AV, Sokolsky-Papkov M, Gendelman HE. Formulation design facilitates magnetic nanoparticle delivery to diseased cells and tissues. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2014; 9:469-85. [PMID: 24646020 DOI: 10.2217/nnm.14.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) accumulate at disease sites with the aid of magnetic fields; biodegradable MNPs can be designed to facilitate drug delivery, influence disease diagnostics, facilitate tissue regeneration and permit protein purification. Because of their limited toxicity, MNPs are widely used in theranostics, simultaneously facilitating diagnostics and therapeutics. To realize therapeutic end points, iron oxide nanoparticle cores (5-30 nm) are encapsulated in a biocompatible polymer shell with drug cargos. Although limited, the toxic potential of MNPs parallels magnetite composition, along with shape, size and surface chemistry. Clearance is hastened by the reticuloendothelial system. To surmount translational barriers, the crystal structure, particle surface and magnetic properties of MNPs need to be optimized. With this in mind, we provide a comprehensive evaluation of advancements in MNP synthesis, functionalization and design, with an eye towards bench-to-bedside translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhirender Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
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Gao X, Li C. Nanoprobes visualizing gliomas by crossing the blood brain tumor barrier. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2014; 10:426-440. [PMID: 24106064 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201301673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2013] [Revised: 08/04/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The difficulty in delineating the glioma margins in brain is a major obstacle for its completed resection, which leads to the disproportionately high recurrence and mortality. Besides the fast exertion rate, inadequate sensitivity and non-targeting specificity, the main reason leading to failure of small molecular probes to define gliomas is their incapability to efficiently cross the blood brain tumor barrier (BBTB). Nanoprobes (NPs) show promise to precisely delineate the geographically irregular tumor margins due to their tunable size/circulation lifetime that maximize their passive intratumoral accumulation and their convenience for surface modification that increases the BBTB transcytosis efficacy, imaging sensitivity and receptor targeting specificity. In this work, the characteristics of the BBTB are addressed from biological and physiological perspectives, strategies are presented to deliver NPs across the BBTB, recent developments of NPs are reviewed for glioma visualization and finally the difficulty and promise for clinical translation of NPs are described. Overall, NPs hold great potential for glioma imaging and treatment by pre-surgically delineating tumor margins and intra-operatively guiding tumor excision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xihui Gao
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University 826 Zhangheng Rd., Shanghai, 201203, China
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Cheng Y, Morshed RA, Auffinger B, Tobias AL, Lesniak MS. Multifunctional nanoparticles for brain tumor imaging and therapy. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2014; 66:42-57. [PMID: 24060923 PMCID: PMC3948347 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2013.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 230] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2013] [Revised: 08/28/2013] [Accepted: 09/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Brain tumors are a diverse group of neoplasms that often carry a poor prognosis for patients. Despite tremendous efforts to develop diagnostic tools and therapeutic avenues, the treatment of brain tumors remains a formidable challenge in the field of neuro-oncology. Physiological barriers including the blood-brain barrier result in insufficient accumulation of therapeutic agents at the site of a tumor, preventing adequate destruction of malignant cells. Furthermore, there is a need for improvements in brain tumor imaging to allow for better characterization and delineation of tumors, visualization of malignant tissue during surgery, and tracking of response to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Multifunctional nanoparticles offer the potential to improve upon many of these issues and may lead to breakthroughs in brain tumor management. In this review, we discuss the diagnostic and therapeutic applications of nanoparticles for brain tumors with an emphasis on innovative approaches in tumor targeting, tumor imaging, and therapeutic agent delivery. Clinically feasible nanoparticle administration strategies for brain tumor patients are also examined. Furthermore, we address the barriers towards clinical implementation of multifunctional nanoparticles in the context of brain tumor management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Cheng
- The Brain Tumor Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ramin A Morshed
- The Brain Tumor Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Brenda Auffinger
- The Brain Tumor Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Alex L Tobias
- The Brain Tumor Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Maciej S Lesniak
- The Brain Tumor Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
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Ilyas S, Ilyas M, van der Hoorn RAL, Mathur S. Selective conjugation of proteins by mining active proteomes through click-functionalized magnetic nanoparticles. ACS NANO 2013; 7:9655-9663. [PMID: 24143894 DOI: 10.1021/nn402382g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) coated with azide groups were functionalized at the surface with biotin (biotin@SPIONs) and cysteine protease inhibitor E-64 (E-64@SPIONs) with the purpose of developing nanoparticle-based assays for identifying cysteine proteases in proteomes. Magnetite particles (ca. 6 nm) were synthesized by microwave-assisted thermal decomposition of iron acetylacetonate and subsequently functionalized following a click chemistry protocol to obtain biotin and E-64 labeled particulate systems. Successful surface modification and covalent attachment of functional groups and molecules were confirmed by FT-IR spectroscopy and thermal gravimetric analysis. The ability of the surface-grafted biotin terminal groups to specifically interact with streptavidin (either horseradish peroxidase [(HRP)-luminol-H2O2] or rhodamine) was confirmed by chemiluminescent assay. A quantitative assessment showed a capture limit of 0.55-1.65 μg protein/100 μg particles. Furthermore, E-64@SPIONs were successfully used to specifically label papain-like cysteine proteases from crude plant extracts. Owing to the simplicity and versatility of the technique, together with the superparamagnetic behavior of FeOx-nanoparticles, the results demonstrate that click chemistry on surface anchored azide group is a viable approach toward bioconjugations that can be extended to other nanoparticles surfaces with different functional groups to target specific therapeutic and diagnostic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaista Ilyas
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Cologne , Greinstraße 6, D-50939 Cologne, Germany
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Dan M, Cochran DB, Yokel RA, Dziubla TD. Binding, transcytosis and biodistribution of anti-PECAM-1 iron oxide nanoparticles for brain-targeted delivery. PLoS One 2013; 8:e81051. [PMID: 24278373 PMCID: PMC3835573 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0081051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2013] [Accepted: 10/08/2013] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Characterize the flux of platelet-endothelial cell adhesion molecule (PECAM-1) antibody-coated superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and its biodistribution in vitro and in vivo. Methods Anti-PECAM-1 IONPs and IgG IONPs were prepared and characterized in house. The binding affinity of these nanoparticles was investigated using human cortical microvascular endothelial cells (hCMEC/D3). Flux assays were performed using a hCMEC/D3 BBB model. To test their immunospecificity index and biodistribution, nanoparticles were given to Sprague Dawley rats by intra-carotid infusion. The capillary depletion method was used to elucidate their distribution between the BBB and brain parenchyma. Results Anti-PECAM-1 IONPs were ∼130 nm. The extent of nanoparticle antibody surface coverage was 63.6±8.4%. Only 6.39±1.22% of labeled antibody dissociated from IONPs in heparin-treated whole blood over 4 h. The binding affinity of PECAM-1 antibody (KD) was 32 nM with a maximal binding (Bmax) of 17×105 antibody molecules/cell. Anti-PECAM-1 IONP flux across a hCMEC/D3 monolayer was significantly higher than IgG IONP's with 31% of anti-PECAM-1 IONPs in the receiving chamber after 6 h. Anti-PECAM-1 IONPs showed higher concentrations in lung and brain, but not liver or spleen, than IgG IONPs after infusion. The capillary depletion method showed that 17±12% of the anti-PECAM-1 IONPs crossed the BBB into the brain ten minutes after infusion. Conclusions PECAM-1 antibody coating significantly increased IONP flux across the hCMEC/D3 monolayer. In vivo results showed that the PECAM-1 antibody enhanced BBB association and brain parenchymal accumulation of IONPs compared to IgG. This research demonstrates the benefit of anti-PECAM-1 IONPs for association and flux across the BBB into the brain in relation to its biodistribution in peripheral organs. The results provide insight into potential application and toxicity concerns of anti-PECAM-1 IONPs in the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mo Dan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
- Graduate Center for Toxicology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - David B. Cochran
- Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Robert A. Yokel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
- Graduate Center for Toxicology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Thomas D. Dziubla
- Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
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Abstract
The requirements for early diagnostics as well as effective treatment of insidious diseases such as cancer constantly increase the pressure on development of efficient and reliable methods for targeted drug/gene delivery as well as imaging of the treatment success/failure. One of the most recent approaches covering both the drug delivery as well as the imaging aspects is benefitting from the unique properties of nanomaterials. Therefore a new field called nanomedicine is attracting continuously growing attention. Nanoparticles, including fluorescent semiconductor nanocrystals (quantum dots) and magnetic nanoparticles, have proven their excellent properties for in vivo imaging techniques in a number of modalities such as magnetic resonance and fluorescence imaging, respectively. In this article, we review the main properties and applications of nanoparticles in various in vitro imaging techniques, including microscopy and/or laser breakdown spectroscopy and in vivo methods such as magnetic resonance imaging and/or fluorescence-based imaging. Moreover the advantages of the drug delivery performed by nanocarriers such as iron oxides, gold, biodegradable polymers, dendrimers, lipid based carriers such as liposomes or micelles are also highlighted.
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