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Rochais F, Kelly RG. Fibroblast growth factor 10. Differentiation 2023:100741. [PMID: 38040515 DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2023.100741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor 10 (FGF10) is a major morphoregulatory factor that plays essential signaling roles during vertebrate multiorgan development and homeostasis. FGF10 is predominantly expressed in mesenchymal cells and signals though FGFR2b in adjacent epithelia to regulate branching morphogenesis, stem cell fate, tissue differentiation and proliferation, in addition to autocrine roles. Genetic loss of function analyses have revealed critical requirements for FGF10 signaling during limb, lung, digestive system, ectodermal, nervous system, craniofacial and cardiac development. Heterozygous FGF10 mutations have been identified in human genetic syndromes associated with craniofacial anomalies, including lacrimal and salivary gland aplasia. Elevated Fgf10 expression is associated with poor prognosis in a range of cancers. In addition to developmental and disease roles, FGF10 regulates homeostasis and repair of diverse adult tissues and has been identified as a target for regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Robert G Kelly
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS UMR 7288, IBDM, Marseille, France.
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2
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Zhang X, Shi X, Xie F, Liu Y, Wei X, Cai Y, Chao J. Dissecting pulmonary fibroblasts heterogeneity in lung development, health and diseases. Heliyon 2023; 9:e19428. [PMID: 37674845 PMCID: PMC10477496 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung fibroblasts are the major components in the connective tissue of the pulmonary interstitium and play essential roles in the developing of postnatal lung, synthesizing the extracellular matrix and maintaining the integrity of the lung architecture. Fibroblasts are activated in various disease conditions and exhibit functional heterogeneities according to their origin, spatial location, activated state and microenvironment. In recent years, advances in technology have enabled researchers to identify fibroblast subpopulations in both mouse and human. Here, we discuss pulmonary fibroblast heterogeneity, focusing on the developing, healthy and pathological lung conditions. We firstly review the expression profiles of fibroblasts during lung development, and then consider fibroblast diversity according to different anatomical sites of lung architecture. Subsequently, we discuss fibroblast heterogeneity in genetic lineage. Finally, we focus on how fibroblast heterogeneity may shed light on different pathological lung conditions such as fibrotic diseases, infectious diseases including COVID-19, and lung cancers. We emphasize the importance of comparative studies to illuminate the overlapping characteristics, expression profiles and signaling pathways of the fibroblast subpopulations across disease conditions, a better characterization of the functional complexity rather than the expression of a particular gene may have important therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Zhang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Xiaoni Shi
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China
| | - Feiyan Xie
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China
| | - Yaping Liu
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China
| | - Xinyan Wei
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China
| | - Yu Cai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jie Chao
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China
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3
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El Agha E, Thannickal VJ. The lung mesenchyme in development, regeneration, and fibrosis. J Clin Invest 2023; 133:e170498. [PMID: 37463440 DOI: 10.1172/jci170498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal cells are uniquely located at the interface between the epithelial lining and the stroma, allowing them to act as a signaling hub among diverse cellular compartments of the lung. During embryonic and postnatal lung development, mesenchyme-derived signals instruct epithelial budding, branching morphogenesis, and subsequent structural and functional maturation. Later during adult life, the mesenchyme plays divergent roles wherein its balanced activation promotes epithelial repair after injury while its aberrant activation can lead to pathological remodeling and fibrosis that are associated with multiple chronic pulmonary diseases, including bronchopulmonary dysplasia, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. In this Review, we discuss the involvement of the lung mesenchyme in various morphogenic, neomorphogenic, and dysmorphogenic aspects of lung biology and health, with special emphasis on lung fibroblast subsets and smooth muscle cells, intercellular communication, and intrinsic mesenchymal mechanisms that drive such physiological and pathophysiological events throughout development, homeostasis, injury repair, regeneration, and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elie El Agha
- Department of Medicine V, Internal Medicine, Infectious Diseases and Infection Control, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
- Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Giessen, Germany
- Institute for Lung Health (ILH), Giessen, Germany
| | - Victor J Thannickal
- John W. Deming Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
- Southeast Louisiana Veterans Health Care System, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
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4
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Yu L, Yi X, Yu C, Wang F, Tan X. Fibroblast growth factor 10 ameliorates renal ischaemia-reperfusion injury by attenuating mitochondrial damage. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2023; 50:59-67. [PMID: 36111374 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Ischaemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury is one of the leading causes of acute kidney injury (AKI). Its pathologic mechanism is quite complex, involving oxidative stress, inflammatory response, autophagy, and apoptosis. Fibroblast growth factor 10 (FGF10) and 5-hydroxydecanoate (5-HD) play essential roles in kidney injury. Rats were divided into four groups: (i) sham group, sham-operated animals with an unconstructed renal artery; (ii) I/R group, kidneys were subjected to 50 min of ischaemia followed by reperfusion for 2 days; (iii) I/R + FGF10 group, animals treated with 0.5 mg/kg FGF10 (i.p.) 1 h before ischaemia; and (iv) 5-HD group, animals treated with 5 mg/kg 5-HD (i.m.) 30 min before FGF10 treatment. Renal injury, apoptosis damage, mitochondrial oxidative damage, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and expression of the ATP-sensitive K+ (KATP) channel subunit Kir6.2 were evaluated. FGF10 treatment significantly alleviated I/R-induced elevation in the serum creatinine level and the number of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labelling-positive tubular cells in the kidney. In addition, FGF10 dramatically ameliorated renal mitochondrial-related damage, including reducing mitochondrial-dependent apoptosis, alleviating oxidative stress, maintaining the mitochondrial membrane potential, and opening the mitochondrial KATP channels. The protective effect of FGF10 was significantly compromised by the ATP-dependent potassium channel blocker 5-HD. Our data suggest that FGF10 offers effective protection against I/R and improves animal survival by attenuating mitochondrial damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixia Yu
- Department of Pharmacy, Xixi Hospital of Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaojiao Yi
- Department of Pharmacy, Xixi Hospital of Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Cailong Yu
- Department of Pharmacy, Xixi Hospital of Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fugen Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xixi Hospital of Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaohua Tan
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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5
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Shi X, Wang J, Zhang X, Yang S, Luo W, Wang S, Huang J, Chen M, Cheng Y, Chao J. GREM1/PPP2R3A expression in heterogeneous fibroblasts initiates pulmonary fibrosis. Cell Biosci 2022; 12:123. [PMID: 35933397 PMCID: PMC9356444 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-022-00860-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Fibroblasts have important roles in the synthesis and remodeling of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins during pulmonary fibrosis. However, the spatiotemporal distribution of heterogeneous fibroblasts during disease progression remains unknown. Results In the current study, silica was used to generate a mouse model of pathological changes in the lung, and single-cell sequencing, spatial transcriptome sequencing and an analysis of markers of cell subtypes were performed to identify fibroblast subtypes. A group of heterogeneous fibroblasts that play an important role at the early pathological stage were identified, characterized based on the expression of inflammatory and proliferation genes (termed inflammatory-proliferative fibroblasts) and found to be concentrated in the lesion area. The expression of GREM1/protein phosphatase 2 regulatory subunit B''alpha (PPP2R3A) in inflammatory-proliferative fibroblasts was found to initiate early pulmonary pathological changes by increasing the viability, proliferation and migration of cells. Conclusions Inflammatory-proliferative fibroblasts play a key role in the early pathological changes that occur in silicosis, and during this process, GREM1 is the driving factor that targets PPP2R3A and initiates the inflammatory response, which is followed by irreversible fibrosis induced by SiO2. The GREM1/PPP2R3A pathway may be a potential target in the early treatment of silicosis. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13578-022-00860-0.
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6
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Mauduit O, Aure MH, Delcroix V, Basova L, Srivastava A, Umazume T, Mays JW, Bellusci S, Tucker AS, Hajihosseini MK, Hoffman MP, Makarenkova HP. A mesenchymal to epithelial switch in Fgf10 expression specifies an evolutionary-conserved population of ionocytes in salivary glands. Cell Rep 2022; 39:110663. [PMID: 35417692 PMCID: PMC9113928 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor 10 (FGF10) is well established as a mesenchyme-derived growth factor and a critical regulator of fetal organ development in mice and humans. Using a single-cell RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) atlas of salivary gland (SG) and a tamoxifen inducible Fgf10CreERT2:R26-tdTomato mouse, we show that FGF10pos cells are exclusively mesenchymal until postnatal day 5 (P5) but, after P7, there is a switch in expression and only epithelial FGF10pos cells are observed after P15. Further RNA-seq analysis of sorted mesenchymal and epithelial FGF10pos cells shows that the epithelial FGF10pos population express the hallmarks of ancient ionocyte signature Forkhead box i1 and 2 (Foxi1, Foxi2), Achaete-scute homolog 3 (Ascl3), and the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (Cftr). We propose that epithelial FGF10pos cells are specialized SG ionocytes located in ducts and important for the ionic modification of saliva. In addition, they maintain FGF10-dependent gland homeostasis via communication with FGFR2bpos ductal and myoepithelial cells. Mauduit et al. identified unique FGF10-expressing ionocytes in salivary glands. FGF10 expression shifts from fibroblasts to epithelial ionocytes during postnatal development. Ionocytes play a dual role in salivary gland homeostasis; they maintain specific ion composition in saliva and act as niche cells, providing growth factor support for other epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Mauduit
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Marit H Aure
- Matrix and Morphogenesis Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Vanessa Delcroix
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Liana Basova
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Amrita Srivastava
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Takeshi Umazume
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Jacqueline W Mays
- Oral Immunobiology Unit, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Saverio Bellusci
- Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI) and Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), The German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus-Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Abigail S Tucker
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London WC2R 2LS, UK
| | | | - Matthew P Hoffman
- Matrix and Morphogenesis Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Helen P Makarenkova
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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7
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Xi Y, Wang Y. Insight Into the Roles of Non-coding RNA in Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:761724. [PMID: 34805228 PMCID: PMC8602187 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.761724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a chronic lung disease most commonly occurring in premature infants, and its pathological manifestations are alveolar hypoplasia and dysregulation of pulmonary vasculature development. The effective treatment for BPD has not yet been established. Non-coding RNAs, including microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs do not encode proteins, but can perform its biological functions at the RNA level. Non-coding RNAs play an important role in the incidence and development of BPD by regulating the expression of genes related to proliferation, apoptosis, angiogenesis, inflammation and other cell activities of alveolar epithelial cells and vascular endothelial cells. Here we summarize the role of non-coding RNAs in BPD, which provides possible molecular marker and therapeutic target for the diagnosis and treatment of BPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng Xi
- Department of Neonatology, Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Yujia Wang
- Department of Neonatology, Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.,Department of Dermatology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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8
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Sun MR, Steward AC, Sweet EA, Martin AA, Lipinski RJ. Developmental malformations resulting from high-dose maternal tamoxifen exposure in the mouse. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0256299. [PMID: 34403436 PMCID: PMC8370643 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0256299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Tamoxifen is an estrogen receptor (ER) ligand with widespread use in clinical and basic research settings. Beyond its application in treating ER-positive cancer, tamoxifen has been co-opted into a powerful approach for temporal-specific genetic alteration. The use of tamoxifen-inducible Cre-recombinase mouse models to examine genetic, molecular, and cellular mechanisms of development and disease is now prevalent in biomedical research. Understanding off-target effects of tamoxifen will inform its use in both clinical and basic research applications. Here, we show that prenatal tamoxifen exposure can cause structural birth defects in the mouse. Administration of a single 200 mg/kg tamoxifen dose to pregnant wildtype C57BL/6J mice at gestational day 9.75 caused cleft palate and limb malformations in the fetuses, including posterior digit duplication, reduction, or fusion. These malformations were highly penetrant and consistent across independent chemical manufacturers. As opposed to 200 mg/kg, a single dose of 50 mg/kg tamoxifen at the same developmental stage did not result in overt structural malformations. Demonstrating that prenatal tamoxifen exposure at a specific time point causes dose-dependent developmental abnormalities, these findings argue for more considerate application of tamoxifen in Cre-inducible systems and further investigation of tamoxifen’s mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miranda R. Sun
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States of America
| | - Austin C. Steward
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States of America
| | - Emma A. Sweet
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States of America
| | - Alexander A. Martin
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States of America
| | - Robert J. Lipinski
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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9
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Pradhan RN, Krishnamurty AT, Fletcher AL, Turley SJ, Müller S. A bird's eye view of fibroblast heterogeneity: A pan-disease, pan-cancer perspective. Immunol Rev 2021; 302:299-320. [PMID: 34164824 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Fibroblasts, custodians of tissue architecture and function, are no longer considered a monolithic entity across tissues and disease indications. Recent advances in single-cell technologies provide an unrestricted, high-resolution view of fibroblast heterogeneity that exists within and across tissues. In this review, we summarize a compendium of single-cell transcriptomic studies and provide a comprehensive accounting of fibroblast subsets, many of which have been described to occupy specific niches in tissues at homeostatic and pathologic states. Understanding this heterogeneity is particularly important in the context of cancer, as the diverse cancer-associated fibroblast (CAF) phenotypes in the tumor microenvironment (TME) are directly impacted by the expression phenotypes of their predecessors. Relationships between these heterogeneous populations often accompany and influence response to therapy in cancer and fibrosis. We further highlight the importance of integrating single-cell studies to deduce common fibroblast phenotypes across disease states, which will facilitate the identification of common signaling pathways, gene regulatory programs, and cell surface markers that are going to advance drug discovery and targeting.
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10
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Chu X, Taghizadeh S, Vazquez-Armendariz AI, Herold S, Chong L, Chen C, Zhang JS, El Agha E, Bellusci S. Validation of a Novel Fgf10 Cre-ERT2 Knock-in Mouse Line Targeting FGF10 Pos Cells Postnatally. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:671841. [PMID: 34055804 PMCID: PMC8155496 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.671841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Fgf10 is a key gene during development, homeostasis and repair after injury. We previously reported a knock-in Fgf10 Cre-ERT2 line (with the Cre-ERT2 cassette inserted in frame with the start codon of exon 1), called thereafter Fgf10 Ki-v1, to target FGF10Pos cells. While this line allowed fairly efficient and specific labeling of FGF10Pos cells during the embryonic stage, it failed to target these cells after birth, particularly in the postnatal lung, which has been the focus of our research. We report here the generation and validation of a new knock-in Fgf10 Cre-ERT2 line (called thereafter Fgf10 Ki-v2) with the insertion of the expression cassette in frame with the stop codon of exon 3. Fgf10 Ki-v2/+ heterozygous mice exhibited comparable Fgf10 expression levels to wild type animals. However, a mismatch between Fgf10 and Cre expression levels was observed in Fgf10 Ki-v2/+ lungs. In addition, lung and limb agenesis were observed in homozygous embryos suggesting a loss of Fgf10 functional allele in Fgf10 Ki-v2 mice. Bioinformatic analysis shows that the 3'UTR, where the Cre-ERT2 cassette is inserted, contains numerous putative transcription factor binding sites. By crossing this line with tdTomato reporter line, we demonstrated that tdTomato expression faithfully recapitulated Fgf10 expression during development. Importantly, Fgf10 Ki-v2 mouse is capable of significantly targeting FGF10Pos cells in the adult lung. Therefore, despite the aforementioned limitations, this new Fgf10 Ki-v2 line opens the way for future mechanistic experiments involving the postnatal lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuran Chu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Interventional Pulmonology of Zhejiang Province, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Department of Internal Medicine, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Sara Taghizadeh
- Key Laboratory of Interventional Pulmonology of Zhejiang Province, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Department of Internal Medicine, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Ana Ivonne Vazquez-Armendariz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
- Institute for Lung Health (ILH), Giessen, Germany
| | - Susanne Herold
- Department of Internal Medicine, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
- Institute for Lung Health (ILH), Giessen, Germany
| | - Lei Chong
- National Key Clinical Specialty of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Discipline of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Institute of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Chengshui Chen
- Key Laboratory of Interventional Pulmonology of Zhejiang Province, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jin-San Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Interventional Pulmonology of Zhejiang Province, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Elie El Agha
- Department of Internal Medicine, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
- Institute for Lung Health (ILH), Giessen, Germany
| | - Saverio Bellusci
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Interventional Pulmonology of Zhejiang Province, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Department of Internal Medicine, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
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11
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Ushakumary MG, Riccetti M, Perl AKT. Resident interstitial lung fibroblasts and their role in alveolar stem cell niche development, homeostasis, injury, and regeneration. Stem Cells Transl Med 2021; 10:1021-1032. [PMID: 33624948 PMCID: PMC8235143 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.20-0526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Developing, regenerating, and repairing a lung all require interstitial resident fibroblasts (iReFs) to direct the behavior of the epithelial stem cell niche. During lung development, distal lung fibroblasts, in the form of matrix-, myo-, and lipofibroblasts, form the extra cellular matrix (ECM), create tensile strength, and support distal epithelial differentiation, respectively. During de novo septation in a murine pneumonectomy lung regeneration model, developmental processes are reactivated within the iReFs, indicating progenitor function well into adulthood. In contrast to the regenerative activation of fibroblasts upon acute injury, chronic injury results in fibrotic activation. In murine lung fibrosis models, fibroblasts can pathologically differentiate into lineages beyond their normal commitment during homeostasis. In lung injury, recently defined alveolar niche cells support the expansion of alveolar epithelial progenitors to regenerate the epithelium. In human fibrotic lung diseases like bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), dynamic changes in matrix-, myo-, lipofibroblasts, and alveolar niche cells suggest differential requirements for injury pathogenesis and repair. In this review, we summarize the role of alveolar fibroblasts and their activation stage in alveolar septation and regeneration and incorporate them into the context of human lung disease, discussing fibroblast activation stages and how they contribute to BPD, IPF, and COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mereena George Ushakumary
- The Perinatal Institute and Section of Neonatology, Perinatal and Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Matthew Riccetti
- The Perinatal Institute and Section of Neonatology, Perinatal and Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Molecular and Developmental Biology Graduate Program, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Anne-Karina T Perl
- The Perinatal Institute and Section of Neonatology, Perinatal and Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Molecular and Developmental Biology Graduate Program, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
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12
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Zhang Y, Fons JM, Hajihosseini MK, Zhang T, Tucker AS. An Essential Requirement for Fgf10 in Pinna Extension Sheds Light on Auricle Defects in LADD Syndrome. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:609643. [PMID: 33363172 PMCID: PMC7758485 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.609643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The pinna (or auricle) is part of the external ear, acting to capture and funnel sound toward the middle ear. The pinna is defective in a number of craniofacial syndromes, including Lacrimo-auriculo-dento-digital (LADD) syndrome, which is caused by mutations in FGF10 or its receptor FGFR2b. Here we study pinna defects in the Fgf10 knockout mouse. We show that Fgf10 is expressed in both the muscles and forming cartilage of the developing external ear, with loss of signaling leading to a failure in the normal extension of the pinna over the ear canal. Conditional knockout of Fgf10 in the neural crest fails to recapitulate this phenotype, suggesting that the defect is due to loss of Fgf10 from the muscles, or that this source of Fgf10 can compensate for loss in the forming cartilage. The defect in the Fgf10 null mouse is driven by a reduction in proliferation, rather than an increase in cell death, which can be partially phenocopied by inhibiting cell proliferation in explant culture. Overall, we highlight the mechanisms that could lead to the phenotype observed in LADD syndrome patients and potentially explain the formation of similar low-set and cup shaped ears observed in other syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhang
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- Ear Nasal and Throat (ENT) Institute, Eye and Ear Nose and Throat Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Juan M. Fons
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Tianyu Zhang
- Ear Nasal and Throat (ENT) Institute, Eye and Ear Nose and Throat Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Eye & Ear Nose and Throat Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Abigail S. Tucker
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
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13
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Taghizadeh S, Jones MR, Olmer R, Ulrich S, Danopoulos S, Shen C, Chen C, Wilhelm J, Martin U, Chen C, Al Alam D, Bellusci S. Fgf10 Signaling-Based Evidence for the Existence of an Embryonic Stage Distinct From the Pseudoglandular Stage During Mouse Lung Development. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:576604. [PMID: 33195211 PMCID: PMC7642470 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.576604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The existence during mouse lung development of an embryonic stage temporally and functionally distinct from the subsequent pseudoglandular stage has been proposed but never demonstrated; while studies in human embryonic lung tissue fail to recapitulate the molecular control of branching found in mice. Lung development in mice starts officially at embryonic day (E) 9.5 when on the ventral side of the primary foregut tube, both the trachea and the two primary lung buds emerge and elongate to form a completely separate structure from the foregut by E10. In the subsequent 6 days, the primary lung buds undergo an intense process of branching to form a ramified tree by E16.5. We used transgenic mice allowing to transiently inhibit endogenous fibroblast growth factor 10 (Fgf10) activity in mutant embryos at E9, E9.5, and E11 upon intraperitoneal exposure to doxycycline and examined the resulting lung phenotype at later developmental stages. We also determined using gene arrays the transcriptomic response of flow cytometry-isolated human alveolar epithelial progenitor cells derived from hESC or hiPSC, grown in vitro for 12 or 24 h, in the presence or absence of recombinant FGF10. Following injection at E9, the corresponding mutant lungs at E18.5 appear almost normal in size and shape but close up examination indicate failure of the right lung to undergo lobar septation. At E9.5, the lungs are slightly hypoplastic but display normal differentiation and functionality. However, at E11, the lungs show impaired branching and are no longer functional. Using gene array data, we report only a partial overlap between human and mouse in the genes previously shown to be regulated by Fgf10 at E12.5. This study supports the existence of an embryonic stage of lung development where Fgf10 signaling does not play a function in the branching process but rather in lobar septation. It also posits that functional comparisons between mouse and human organogenesis must account for these distinct stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Taghizadeh
- Key laboratory of Interventional Pulmonology of Zhejiang Province, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI) and Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Matthew R Jones
- Key laboratory of Interventional Pulmonology of Zhejiang Province, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI) and Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Ruth Olmer
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), REBIRTH - Research Center for Translational and Regenerative Medicine, Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease (BREATH), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Saskia Ulrich
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), REBIRTH - Research Center for Translational and Regenerative Medicine, Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease (BREATH), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Soula Danopoulos
- Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, United States
| | - Chengguo Shen
- Key laboratory of Interventional Pulmonology of Zhejiang Province, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Chaolei Chen
- Key laboratory of Interventional Pulmonology of Zhejiang Province, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jochen Wilhelm
- Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI) and Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Ulrich Martin
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), REBIRTH - Research Center for Translational and Regenerative Medicine, Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease (BREATH), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Chengshui Chen
- Key laboratory of Interventional Pulmonology of Zhejiang Province, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Denise Al Alam
- Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, United States
| | - Saverio Bellusci
- Key laboratory of Interventional Pulmonology of Zhejiang Province, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI) and Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
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14
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Goodman T, Nayar SG, Clare S, Mikolajczak M, Rice R, Mansour S, Bellusci S, Hajihosseini MK. Fibroblast growth factor 10 is a negative regulator of postnatal neurogenesis in the mouse hypothalamus. Development 2020; 147:147/13/dev180950. [PMID: 32661019 PMCID: PMC7375484 DOI: 10.1242/dev.180950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
New neurons are generated in the postnatal rodent hypothalamus, with a subset of tanycytes in the third ventricular (3V) wall serving as neural stem/progenitor cells. However, the precise stem cell niche organization, the intermediate steps and the endogenous regulators of postnatal hypothalamic neurogenesis remain elusive. Quantitative lineage-tracing in vivo revealed that conditional deletion of fibroblast growth factor 10 (Fgf10) from Fgf10-expressing β-tanycytes at postnatal days (P)4-5 results in the generation of significantly more parenchymal cells by P28, composed mostly of ventromedial and dorsomedial neurons and some glial cells, which persist into adulthood. A closer scrutiny in vivo and ex vivo revealed that the 3V wall is not static and is amenable to cell movements. Furthermore, normally β-tanycytes give rise to parenchymal cells via an intermediate population of α-tanycytes with transient amplifying cell characteristics. Loss of Fgf10 temporarily attenuates the amplification of β-tanycytes but also appears to delay the exit of their α-tanycyte descendants from the germinal 3V wall. Our findings suggest that transience of cells through the α-tanycyte domain is a key feature, and Fgf10 is a negative regulator of postnatal hypothalamic neurogenesis. Summary: Generation of new hypothalamic neurons after birth is a multistep process involving cell division and cell movements that are controlled by Fgf10.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Goodman
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Stuart G Nayar
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Shaun Clare
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Marta Mikolajczak
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Ritva Rice
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 9, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Suzanne Mansour
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112-5330, USA
| | - Saverio Bellusci
- Pediatrics, Saban Research Institute of Children's Hospital Los Angeles, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA.,Excellence Cluster Cardio Pulmonary System, University Justus Liebig, 35392 Giessen, Germany
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15
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Tan X, Yu L, Yang R, Tao Q, Xiang L, Xiao J, Zhang JS. Fibroblast Growth Factor 10 Attenuates Renal Damage by Regulating Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress After Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:39. [PMID: 32116715 PMCID: PMC7019113 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Renal ischemia–reperfusion (I/R) injury is a predominant cause of acute kidney injury (AKI), the pathologic mechanism of which is highly complex involving reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, inflammatory response, autophagy, apoptosis as well as endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Fibroblast growth factor 10 (FGF10), as a multifunctional growth factor, plays crucial roles in embryonic development, adult homeostasis, and regenerative medicine. Herein, we investigated the molecular pathways underlying the protective effect of FGF10 on renal I/R injury using Sprague–Dawley rats. Results showed that administration of FGF10 not only effectively inhibited I/R-induced activation of Caspase-3 and expression of Bax, but also alleviated I/R evoked expression of ER stress-related proteins in the kidney including CHOP, GRP78, XBP-1, and ATF-4 and ATF-6. The protective effect of FGF10 against apoptosis and ER stress was recapitulated by in vitro experiments using oxidative damaged NRK-52E cells induced by tert-Butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP). Significantly, U0126, a selective noncompetitive inhibitor of MAP kinase kinases (MKK), largely abolished the protective role of FGF10. Taken together, both in vivo and in vitro experiments indicated that FGF10 attenuates I/R-induced renal epithelial apoptosis by suppressing excessive ER stress, which is, at least partially, mediated by the activation of the MEK–ERK1/2 signaling pathway. Therefore, our present study revealed the therapeutic potential of FGF10 on renal I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohua Tan
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Lixia Yu
- Department of Pharmacy, Xixi Hospital of Hangzhou, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ruo Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Qianyu Tao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Lijun Xiang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jian Xiao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jin-San Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Institute of Life Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
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16
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Xie T, Wang Y, Deng N, Huang G, Taghavifar F, Geng Y, Liu N, Kulur V, Yao C, Chen P, Liu Z, Stripp B, Tang J, Liang J, Noble PW, Jiang D. Single-Cell Deconvolution of Fibroblast Heterogeneity in Mouse Pulmonary Fibrosis. Cell Rep 2019; 22:3625-3640. [PMID: 29590628 PMCID: PMC5908225 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 323] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Revised: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast heterogeneity has long been recognized in mouse and human lungs, homeostasis, and disease states. However, there is no common consensus on fibroblast subtypes, lineages, biological properties, signaling, and plasticity, which severely hampers our understanding of the mechanisms of fibrosis. To comprehensively classify fibroblast populations in the lung using an unbiased approach, single-cell RNA sequencing was performed with mesenchymal preparations from either uninjured or bleomycin-treated mouse lungs. Single-cell transcriptome analyses classified and defined six mesenchymal cell types in normal lung and seven in fibrotic lung. Furthermore, delineation of their differentiation trajectory was achieved by a machine learning method. This collection of single-cell transcriptomes and the distinct classification of fibroblast subsets provide a new resource for understanding the fibroblast landscape and the roles of fibroblasts in fibrotic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Xie
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Women's Guild Lung Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA.
| | - Yizhou Wang
- Genomics Core, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Nan Deng
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Guanling Huang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Women's Guild Lung Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Forough Taghavifar
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Women's Guild Lung Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Yan Geng
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Women's Guild Lung Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Ningshan Liu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Women's Guild Lung Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Vrishika Kulur
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Women's Guild Lung Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Changfu Yao
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Women's Guild Lung Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Peter Chen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Women's Guild Lung Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Zhengqiu Liu
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Barry Stripp
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Women's Guild Lung Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Jie Tang
- Genomics Core, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Jiurong Liang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Women's Guild Lung Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Paul W Noble
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Women's Guild Lung Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA.
| | - Dianhua Jiang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Women's Guild Lung Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA.
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17
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Cellular crosstalk in the development and regeneration of the respiratory system. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2019; 20:551-566. [PMID: 31217577 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-019-0141-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The respiratory system, including the peripheral lungs, large airways and trachea, is one of the most recently evolved adaptations to terrestrial life. To support the exchange of respiratory gases, the respiratory system is interconnected with the cardiovascular system, and this interconnective nature requires a complex interplay between a myriad of cell types. Until recently, this complexity has hampered our understanding of how the respiratory system develops and responds to postnatal injury to maintain homeostasis. The advent of new single-cell sequencing technologies, developments in cellular and tissue imaging and advances in cell lineage tracing have begun to fill this gap. The view that emerges from these studies is that cellular and functional heterogeneity of the respiratory system is even greater than expected and also highly adaptive. In this Review, we explore the cellular crosstalk that coordinates the development and regeneration of the respiratory system. We discuss both the classic cell and developmental biology studies and recent single-cell analysis to provide an integrated understanding of the cellular niches that control how the respiratory system develops, interacts with the external environment and responds to injury.
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18
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Yuan HS, Xiong DQ, Huang F, Cui J, Luo H. MicroRNA-421 inhibition alleviates bronchopulmonary dysplasia in a mouse model via targeting Fgf10. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:16876-16887. [PMID: 31144392 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a common and refractory disease affecting newborn children and infants with alveolar dysplasia and declined pulmonary function. Several microRNAs (miRNAs) have been found to be differentially expressed in BPD progression. This study further explores the role of miR-421 via fibroblast growth factor 10 (Fgf10) in mice with BPD. A mouse model of BPD was established through the induction of hyperoxia, in which the expression pattern of miR-421 and Fgf10 was identified. Furthermore, adenovirus-packed vectors were injected in mice to intervene miR-421 and Fgf10 expression, including miR-421 mimics or inhibitors, and si-Fgf10 to explore the role of miR-421 and Fgf10 in BPD. The target relationship between miR-421 and Fgf10 was investigated. Inflammatory response and cell apoptosis were observed in the mice, with inflammatory cytokines and apoptosis-related factors detected by applying Reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction, Western blot analysis, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Fgf10 was confirmed as a target gene of miR-421. Elevated expression of miR-421 was evident, while Fgf10 was poorly expressed in BPD. upregulation of miR-421 and silence of Fgf10 aggravated inflammatory response in lung tissue and promoted lung cell apoptosis in BPD. The aforementioned alterations could be reversed by downregulation of miR-421. Collectively, inhibition of miR-421 can assist in the development of BPD in mice BPD by upregulating Fgf10. Therefore, the present study provides a probable target for the treatment of BPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua-Shu Yuan
- Department of Oncology, People's Hospital of Taihe County of Jiangxi Province, Taihe, People's Republic of China
| | - Dai-Qun Xiong
- Department of Oncology, The Third Hospital of Nanchang, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Huang
- Department of Radiotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Cui
- Department of Radiotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Luo
- The 1st Department of Radiotherapy, Cancer Hospital of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
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19
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Jones M, Bellusci S. Imaging and Analysis of Mouse Embryonic Whole Lung, Isolated Tissue, and Lineage-Labelled Cell Culture. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 1940:109-127. [PMID: 30788821 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9086-3_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Research on lung development and disease frequently utilizes mouse models to conduct in vitro experiments. Such experiments involve multiple methodologically distinct stages, from careful consideration of mouse models used to obtain biological samples, to the culturing and imaging of those samples, and finally, to post-imaging analysis. Here, we detail basic protocols to assist with each of these stages. First, we discuss harvesting and preparing biological samples; second, we focus on culturing embryonic whole lung explants and isolated mesenchyme and epithelium; third, we specify the basics of obtaining still and live images; and finally, we bring these methods together by considering and briefly analyzing a lineage-labelling experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Jones
- Faculty of Medicine, Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System (ECCPS), University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Saverio Bellusci
- Faculty of Medicine, Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System (ECCPS), University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany.
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20
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Prochazkova M, Prochazka J, Marangoni P, Klein OD. Bones, Glands, Ears and More: The Multiple Roles of FGF10 in Craniofacial Development. Front Genet 2018; 9:542. [PMID: 30505318 PMCID: PMC6250787 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2018.00542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Members of the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family have myriad functions during development of both non-vertebrate and vertebrate organisms. One of these family members, FGF10, is largely expressed in mesenchymal tissues and is essential for postnatal life because of its critical role in development of the craniofacial complex, as well as in lung branching. Here, we review the function of FGF10 in morphogenesis of craniofacial organs. Genetic mouse models have demonstrated that the dysregulation or absence of FGF10 function affects the process of palate closure, and FGF10 is also required for development of salivary and lacrimal glands, the inner ear, eye lids, tongue taste papillae, teeth, and skull bones. Importantly, mutations within the FGF10 locus have been described in connection with craniofacial malformations in humans. A detailed understanding of craniofacial defects caused by dysregulation of FGF10 and the precise mechanisms that underlie them offers new opportunities for development of medical treatments for patients with birth defects and for regenerative approaches for cancer patients with damaged gland tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Prochazkova
- Laboratory of Transgenic Models of Diseases, Czech Centre for Phenogenomics, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Jan Prochazka
- Laboratory of Transgenic Models of Diseases, Czech Centre for Phenogenomics, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Pauline Marangoni
- Program in Craniofacial Biology, Departments of Orofacial Sciences and Pediatrics, Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Ophir D Klein
- Program in Craniofacial Biology, Departments of Orofacial Sciences and Pediatrics, Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
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21
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Teague WJ, Jones MLM, Hawkey L, Smyth IM, Catubig A, King SK, Sarila G, Li R, Hutson JM. FGF10 and the Mystery of Duodenal Atresia in Humans. Front Genet 2018; 9:530. [PMID: 30473704 PMCID: PMC6238159 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2018.00530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Duodenal atresia (DA) is a congenital obstruction of the duodenum, which affects 1 in 7000 pregnancies and requires major surgery in the 1st days of life. Three morphological DA types are described. In humans, the association between DA and Down syndrome suggests an underlying, albeit elusive, genetic etiology. In mice, interruption of fibroblast growth factor 10 (Fgf10) gene signaling results in DA in 30–50% of embryos, supporting a genetic etiology. This study aims to validate the spectrum of DA in two novel strains of Fgf10 knock-out mice, in preparation for future and translational research. Methods: Two novel CRISPR Fgf10 knock-out mouse strains were derived and embryos generated by heterozygous plug-mating. E15.5–E19.5 embryos were genotyped with respect to Fgf10 and micro-dissected to determine the presence and type of DA. Results: One twenty seven embryos (32 wild-type, 34 heterozygous, 61 null) were analyzed. No wild-type or heterozygous embryos had DA. However, 74% of Fgf10 null embryos had DA (49% type 1, 18% type 2, and 33% type 3). Conclusion: Our CRISPR-derived strains showed higher penetrance of DA due to single-gene deletion of Fgf10 in mice than previously reported. Further, the DA type distribution in these mice more closely reiterated that observed in humans. Future experiments will document RNA and protein expression of FGF10 and its key downstream signaling targets in normal and atretic duodenum. This includes exploitation of modern, high-fidelity developmental tools, e.g., Fgf10flox/+–tomatoflox/flox mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Warwick J Teague
- F. Douglas Stephens Surgical Research Laboratory, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Discipline of Surgery, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Department of Paediatric Surgery, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Matthew L M Jones
- F. Douglas Stephens Surgical Research Laboratory, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Discipline of Surgery, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Department of Paediatric Surgery, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Leanne Hawkey
- Australian Phenomics Network, Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Ian M Smyth
- Australian Phenomics Network, Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Angelique Catubig
- F. Douglas Stephens Surgical Research Laboratory, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Sebastian K King
- F. Douglas Stephens Surgical Research Laboratory, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Paediatric Surgery, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Gastroenterology and Clinical Nutrition, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Gulcan Sarila
- F. Douglas Stephens Surgical Research Laboratory, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Ruili Li
- F. Douglas Stephens Surgical Research Laboratory, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - John M Hutson
- F. Douglas Stephens Surgical Research Laboratory, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Urology, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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22
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Qiao S, Wang F, Chen H, Jiang SW. Inducible knockout of Syncytin-A gene leads to an extensive placental vasculature deficiency, implications for preeclampsia. Clin Chim Acta 2017; 474:137-146. [PMID: 28935154 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2017.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Revised: 09/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Syncytin-1, a human endogenous retroviral envelope gene (HERVW1), is specifically expressed in placental trophoblasts and mediates the formation of syncytiotrophoblasts through a fusogenic activity. Syncytin-1 expression deficiency has been repeatedly observed in preeclamptic/IUGR placentas. Previous gene knockout studies indicated that in mice, complete syncytin-A null mouse embryos died in utero between 11.5 and 13.5days of gestation. However, the complete knockout model could not fully recapitulate the mid- to third-trimester, time-specific syncytin-1 deficiency in preeclampsia patients. To construct a preeclampsia model and to better investigate the function of syncytin in placental development, we created a mouse inducible knockout model of syncytin-1A gene. It was found that the disruption of syncytin-A at E11.5 to E17.5 is associated with significant morphological changes in placentas and fetuses. Moreover, syncytin-A disruption led to extensive vasculature abnormalities in the labyrinth, with irregular distribution and reduced number of fetal microvessels. Moreover, Syncytin-A knockout affected neovascularization-related gene expression in labyrinth and the maternal plasma level of sVEGFR-1, and a dramatic increase of sFlt-1/PlGF ratio. These findings indicate that syncytin-A may be involved in the placenta angiogenesis and potentially, the development of preeclampsia. The new model could be a useful tool for studying the pathogenesis and management of preeclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Qiao
- School of Basic Medical Science, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Fengchao Wang
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Haibin Chen
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Shi-Wen Jiang
- School of Basic Medical Science, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Department of Biomedical Science, Mercer University School of Medicine, Savannah, GA 30405, USA.
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23
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El Agha E, Kheirollahi V, Moiseenko A, Seeger W, Bellusci S. Ex vivo analysis of the contribution of FGF10 + cells to airway smooth muscle cell formation during early lung development. Dev Dyn 2017; 246:531-538. [PMID: 28387977 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.24504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Revised: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Airway smooth muscle cells (ASMCs) have been widely studied during embryonic lung development. These cells have been shown to control epithelial bifurcation during branching morphogenesis. Fibroblast growth factor 10-positive (FGF10+ ) cells, originally residing in the submesothelial mesenchyme, contribute to ASMC formation in the distal lung. The reported work aims at monitoring the response of FGF10+ progenitors and differentiated ASMCs to growth factor treatment in real time using lineage tracing in the background of an air-liquid interface (ALI) culture system. RESULTS FGF ligands impose divergent effects on iterative lung branching in vitro. Moreover, time-lapse imaging and endpoint analysis show that FGF9 treatment leads to amplification of the FGF10+ lineage and represses its differentiation to ASMCs. Sonic hedgehog (SHH) treatment reduces the amplification of this lineage and leads to decreased lung branching. Finally, differentiated ASMCs in proximal regions fail to expand upon FGF9 treatment. CONCLUSIONS Our data demonstrate, in real time, that FGF9 is an important regulator of amplification, migration, and subsequent differentiation of ASMC progenitors during early lung development. The attained results agree with previous findings regarding ASMC formation and highlight the complexity of growth factor signaling networks in controlling mesenchymal cell-fate decisions in the developing mouse lung. Developmental Dynamics 246:531-538, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elie El Agha
- Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System (ECCPS), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
| | - Vahid Kheirollahi
- Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System (ECCPS), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
| | - Alena Moiseenko
- Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System (ECCPS), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
| | - Werner Seeger
- Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System (ECCPS), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
| | - Saverio Bellusci
- Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System (ECCPS), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany.,Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
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24
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Kim R, Green JBA, Klein OD. From snapshots to movies: Understanding early tooth development in four dimensions. Dev Dyn 2017; 246:442-450. [PMID: 28324646 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.24501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2016] [Revised: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The developing tooth offers a model for the study of ectodermal appendage organogenesis. The signaling networks that regulate tooth development have been intensively investigated, but how cell biological responses to signaling pathways regulate dental morphogenesis remains an open question. The increasing use of ex vivo imaging techniques has enabled live tracking of cell behaviors over time in high resolution. While recent studies using these techniques have improved our understanding of tooth morphogenesis, important gaps remain that require additional investigation. In addition, some discrepancies have arisen between recent studies, and resolving these will advance our knowledge of tooth development. Developmental Dynamics 246:442-450, 2016. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Kim
- Program in Craniofacial Biology and Department of Orofacial Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Jeremy B A Green
- Department of Craniofacial Development & Stem Cell Biology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ophir D Klein
- Program in Craniofacial Biology and Department of Orofacial Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California.,Institute for Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California.,Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
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25
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Moiseenko A, Kheirollahi V, Chao CM, Ahmadvand N, Quantius J, Wilhelm J, Herold S, Ahlbrecht K, Morty RE, Rizvanov AA, Minoo P, El Agha E, Bellusci S. Origin and characterization of alpha smooth muscle actin-positive cells during murine lung development. Stem Cells 2017; 35:1566-1578. [DOI: 10.1002/stem.2615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Revised: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alena Moiseenko
- Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System (ECCPS), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Justus Liebig University Giessen, German Center for Lung Research (DZL); Giessen Germany
| | - Vahid Kheirollahi
- Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System (ECCPS), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Justus Liebig University Giessen, German Center for Lung Research (DZL); Giessen Germany
| | - Cho-Ming Chao
- Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System (ECCPS), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Justus Liebig University Giessen, German Center for Lung Research (DZL); Giessen Germany
| | - Negah Ahmadvand
- Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System (ECCPS), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Justus Liebig University Giessen, German Center for Lung Research (DZL); Giessen Germany
| | - Jennifer Quantius
- Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System (ECCPS), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Justus Liebig University Giessen, German Center for Lung Research (DZL); Giessen Germany
| | - Jochen Wilhelm
- Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System (ECCPS), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Justus Liebig University Giessen, German Center for Lung Research (DZL); Giessen Germany
| | - Susanne Herold
- Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System (ECCPS), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Justus Liebig University Giessen, German Center for Lung Research (DZL); Giessen Germany
| | - Katrin Ahlbrecht
- Department of Lung Development and Remodeling; Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, German Center for Lung Research (DZL); Bad Nauheim Germany
| | - Rory E. Morty
- Department of Lung Development and Remodeling; Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, German Center for Lung Research (DZL); Bad Nauheim Germany
| | - Albert A. Rizvanov
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University; Kazan Russia
| | - Parviz Minoo
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine; University of Southern California, Childrens Hospital Los Angeles; Los Angeles California USA
| | - Elie El Agha
- Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System (ECCPS), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Justus Liebig University Giessen, German Center for Lung Research (DZL); Giessen Germany
| | - Saverio Bellusci
- Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System (ECCPS), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Justus Liebig University Giessen, German Center for Lung Research (DZL); Giessen Germany
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University; Kazan Russia
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26
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Swonger JM, Liu JS, Ivey MJ, Tallquist MD. Genetic tools for identifying and manipulating fibroblasts in the mouse. Differentiation 2016; 92:66-83. [PMID: 27342817 PMCID: PMC5079827 DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2016.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2015] [Revised: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The use of mouse genetic tools to track and manipulate fibroblasts has provided invaluable in vivo information regarding the activities of these cells. Recently, many new mouse strains have been described for the specific purpose of studying fibroblast behavior. Colorimetric reporter mice and lines expressing Cre are available for the study of fibroblasts in the organs prone to fibrosis, including heart, kidney, liver, lung, and skeletal muscle. In this review we summarize the current state of the models that have been used to define tissue resident fibroblast populations. While these complex genetic reagents provide unique insights into the process of fibrosis, they also require a thorough understanding of the caveats and limitations. Here, we discuss the specificity and efficiency of the available genetic models and briefly describe how they have been used to document the mechanisms of fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica M Swonger
- Departments of Medicine and Cell and Molecular Biology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
| | - Jocelyn S Liu
- Departments of Medicine and Cell and Molecular Biology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
| | - Malina J Ivey
- Departments of Medicine and Cell and Molecular Biology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
| | - Michelle D Tallquist
- Departments of Medicine and Cell and Molecular Biology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA.
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27
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Wang J, Chen H, Wang Y, Cai X, Zou M, Xu T, Wang M, Wang J, Xu D. Therapeutic efficacy of a mutant of keratinocyte growth factor-2 on trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid-induced rat model of Crohn's disease. Am J Transl Res 2016; 8:530-543. [PMID: 27158345 PMCID: PMC4846902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 01/03/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Keratinocyte growth factor-2 (KGF-2) has been testified to be a multifunctional growth factor, which can stimulate the regeneration and reconstruction of epidermis, corium and mucosa. Its effect on Crohn's disease has hitherto not been evaluated. Here, we investigated the preventive and therapeutic actions of STEA, a mutant of human KGF-2 with high activity, on trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced rat model of Crohn's disease. METHODS Rats with TNBS-induced colitis were treated with STEA and clinical scores were evaluated. Body weight, mortality, macroscopic and microscopic damage of the colonic tissue were examined. The levels of inflammatory cytokines in serum were detected by ELISA, the T cell subpopulations and the cell cycle of intestinal epithelial cells were analyzed by flow cytometry. RESULTS Both preventive and therapeutic administration of STEA significantly ameliorated body weight loss, diarrhea, and intestinal inflammation, reduced the high mortality and histopathologic damage of rats with TNBS-induced colitis. The serum level of inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α, IL-1β, IFN-γ and IL-6 were markedly decreased in colitis rats treated with STEA. The CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes in peripheral blood were reduced with STEA administration at early stage of colitis. In addition, STEA treatment could promote the growth of intestinal epithelial cells by increasing the cell proportion in S phase of cell cycle and inhibiting cell apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS Both preventive and therapeutic administration of STEA could ameliorate the colonic damages in rats with TNBS-induced colitis. STEA might be a promising option for the treatment of Crohn's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinfeng Wang
- Laboratory of Genome Engineering, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Beijing 100850, China
| | - Huihua Chen
- Laboratory of Genome Engineering, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Beijing 100850, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Laboratory of Genome Engineering, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Beijing 100850, China
| | - Xin Cai
- Laboratory of Genome Engineering, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Beijing 100850, China
| | - Minji Zou
- Laboratory of Genome Engineering, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Beijing 100850, China
| | - Tao Xu
- Laboratory of Genome Engineering, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Beijing 100850, China
| | - Min Wang
- Laboratory of Genome Engineering, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Beijing 100850, China
| | - Jiaxi Wang
- Laboratory of Genome Engineering, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Beijing 100850, China
| | - Donggang Xu
- Laboratory of Genome Engineering, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Beijing 100850, China
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28
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Goodman T, Hajihosseini MK. Hypothalamic tanycytes-masters and servants of metabolic, neuroendocrine, and neurogenic functions. Front Neurosci 2015; 9:387. [PMID: 26578855 PMCID: PMC4624852 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2015.00387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a resurgent interest in tanycytes, a radial glial-like cell population occupying the floor and ventro-lateral walls of the third ventricle (3V). Tanycytes reside in close proximity to hypothalamic neuronal nuclei that regulate appetite and energy expenditure, with a subset sending projections into these nuclei. Moreover, tanycytes are exposed to 3V cerebrospinal fluid and have privileged access to plasma metabolites and hormones, through fenestrated capillaries. Indeed, some tanycytes act as conduits for trafficking of these molecules into the brain parenchyma. Tanycytes can also act as neural stem/progenitor cells, supplying the postnatal and adult hypothalamus with new neurons. Collectively, these findings suggest that tanycytes regulate and integrate important trophic and metabolic processes and possibly endow functional malleability to neuronal circuits of the hypothalamus. Hence, manipulation of tanycyte biology could provide a valuable tool for modulating hypothalamic functions such as energy uptake and expenditure in order to tackle prevalent eating disorders such as obesity and anorexia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Goodman
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia Norwich, UK
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29
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Al Alam D, El Agha E, Sakurai R, Kheirollahi V, Moiseenko A, Danopoulos S, Shrestha A, Schmoldt C, Quantius J, Herold S, Chao CM, Tiozzo C, De Langhe S, Plikus MV, Thornton M, Grubbs B, Minoo P, Rehan VK, Bellusci S. Evidence for the involvement of fibroblast growth factor 10 in lipofibroblast formation during embryonic lung development. Development 2015; 142:4139-50. [PMID: 26511927 DOI: 10.1242/dev.109173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Lipid-containing alveolar interstitial fibroblasts (lipofibroblasts) are increasingly recognized as an important component of the epithelial stem cell niche in the rodent lung. Although lipofibroblasts were initially believed merely to assist type 2 alveolar epithelial cells in surfactant production during neonatal life, recent evidence suggests that these cells are indispensable for survival and growth of epithelial stem cells during adulthood. Despite increasing interest in lipofibroblast biology, little is known about their cellular origin or the molecular pathways controlling their formation during embryonic development. Here, we show that a population of lipid-droplet-containing stromal cells emerges in the developing mouse lung between E15.5 and E16.5. This is accompanied by significant upregulation, in the lung mesenchyme, of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (master switch of lipogenesis), adipose differentiation-related protein (marker of mature lipofibroblasts) and fibroblast growth factor 10 (previously shown to identify a subpopulation of lipofibroblast progenitors). We also demonstrate that although only a subpopulation of total embryonic lipofibroblasts derives from Fgf10(+) progenitor cells, in vivo knockdown of Fgfr2b ligand activity and reduction in Fgf10 expression lead to global reduction in the expression levels of lipofibroblast markers at E18.5. Constitutive Fgfr1b knockouts and mutants with conditional partial inactivation of Fgfr2b in the lung mesenchyme reveal the involvement of both receptors in lipofibroblast formation and suggest a possible compensation between the two receptors. We also provide data from human fetal lungs to demonstrate the relevance of our discoveries to humans. Our results reveal an essential role for Fgf10 signaling in the formation of lipofibroblasts during late lung development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Al Alam
- Department of Surgery, Saban Research Institute of Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA
| | - Elie El Agha
- Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Department of Internal Medicine II, Klinikstrasse 36, Giessen, Hessen 35392, Germany
| | - Reiko Sakurai
- Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA, Torrance, CA 90502, USA
| | - Vahid Kheirollahi
- Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Department of Internal Medicine II, Klinikstrasse 36, Giessen, Hessen 35392, Germany
| | - Alena Moiseenko
- Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Department of Internal Medicine II, Klinikstrasse 36, Giessen, Hessen 35392, Germany
| | - Soula Danopoulos
- Department of Surgery, Saban Research Institute of Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA
| | - Amit Shrestha
- Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Department of Internal Medicine II, Klinikstrasse 36, Giessen, Hessen 35392, Germany
| | - Carole Schmoldt
- Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Department of Internal Medicine II, Klinikstrasse 36, Giessen, Hessen 35392, Germany
| | - Jennifer Quantius
- Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Department of Internal Medicine II, Klinikstrasse 36, Giessen, Hessen 35392, Germany
| | - Susanne Herold
- Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Department of Internal Medicine II, Klinikstrasse 36, Giessen, Hessen 35392, Germany
| | - Cho-Ming Chao
- Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Department of Internal Medicine II, Klinikstrasse 36, Giessen, Hessen 35392, Germany
| | - Caterina Tiozzo
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Stijn De Langhe
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cell Biology, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206, USA
| | - Maksim V Plikus
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, Center for Complex Biological Systems, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Matthew Thornton
- Maternal Fetal Medicine Division, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Brendan Grubbs
- Maternal Fetal Medicine Division, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Parviz Minoo
- Division of Neonatal Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Virender K Rehan
- Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA, Torrance, CA 90502, USA
| | - Saverio Bellusci
- Department of Surgery, Saban Research Institute of Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Department of Internal Medicine II, Klinikstrasse 36, Giessen, Hessen 35392, Germany Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan 420008, Russia
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30
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El Agha E, Kosanovic D, Schermuly RT, Bellusci S. Role of fibroblast growth factors in organ regeneration and repair. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2015; 53:76-84. [PMID: 26459973 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2015.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
In its broad sense, regeneration refers to the renewal of lost cells, tissues or organs as part of the normal life cycle (skin, hair, endometrium etc.) or as part of an adaptive mechanism that organisms have developed throughout evolution. For example, worms, starfish and amphibians have developed remarkable regenerative capabilities allowing them to voluntarily shed body parts, in a process called autotomy, only to replace the lost parts afterwards. The bizarre myth of the fireproof homicidal salamander that can survive fire and poison apple trees has persisted until the 20th century. Salamanders possess one of the most robust regenerative machineries in vertebrates and attempting to draw lessons from limb regeneration in these animals and extrapolate the knowledge to mammals is a never-ending endeavor. Fibroblast growth factors are potent morphogens and mitogens that are highly conserved among the animal kingdom. These growth factors play key roles in organogenesis during embryonic development as well as homeostatic balance during postnatal life. In this review, we provide a summary about the current knowledge regarding the involvement of fibroblast growth factor signaling in organ regeneration and repair. We also shed light on the use of these growth factors in previous and current clinical trials in a wide array of human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elie El Agha
- Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System (ECCPS), Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Hessen, Germany
| | - Djuro Kosanovic
- Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System (ECCPS), Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Hessen, Germany
| | - Ralph T Schermuly
- Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System (ECCPS), Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Hessen, Germany
| | - Saverio Bellusci
- Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System (ECCPS), Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Hessen, Germany; Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia.
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31
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Al Alam D, Danopoulos S, Schall K, Sala FG, Almohazey D, Fernandez GE, Georgia S, Frey MR, Ford HR, Grikscheit T, Bellusci S. Fibroblast growth factor 10 alters the balance between goblet and Paneth cells in the adult mouse small intestine. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2015; 308:G678-90. [PMID: 25721301 PMCID: PMC4398841 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00158.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Intestinal epithelial cell renewal relies on the right balance of epithelial cell migration, proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. Intestinal epithelial cells consist of absorptive and secretory lineage. The latter is comprised of goblet, Paneth, and enteroendocrine cells. Fibroblast growth factor 10 (FGF10) plays a central role in epithelial cell proliferation, survival, and differentiation in several organs. The expression pattern of FGF10 and its receptors in both human and mouse intestine and their role in small intestine have yet to be investigated. First, we analyzed the expression of FGF10, FGFR1, and FGFR2, in the human ileum and throughout the adult mouse small intestine. We found that FGF10, FGFR1b, and FGFR2b are expressed in the human ileum as well as in the mouse small intestine. We then used transgenic mouse models to overexpress Fgf10 and a soluble form of Fgfr2b, to study the impact of gain or loss of Fgf signaling in the adult small intestine. We demonstrated that overexpression of Fgf10 in vivo and in vitro induces goblet cell differentiation while decreasing Paneth cells. Moreover, FGF10 decreases stem cell markers such as Lgr5, Lrig1, Hopx, Ascl2, and Sox9. FGF10 inhibited Hes1 expression in vitro, suggesting that FGF10 induces goblet cell differentiation likely through the inhibition of Notch signaling. Interestingly, Fgf10 overexpression for 3 days in vivo and in vitro increased the number of Mmp7/Muc2 double-positive cells, suggesting that goblet cells replace Paneth cells. Further studies are needed to determine the mechanism by which Fgf10 alters cell differentiation in the small intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Al Alam
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California; Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine Program, Saban Research Institute of Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California;
| | - Soula Danopoulos
- 1Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California; ,2Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine Program, Saban Research Institute of Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California;
| | - Kathy Schall
- 1Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California; ,2Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine Program, Saban Research Institute of Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California;
| | - Frederic G. Sala
- 1Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California; ,2Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine Program, Saban Research Institute of Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California;
| | - Dana Almohazey
- 1Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California; ,2Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine Program, Saban Research Institute of Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California;
| | - G. Esteban Fernandez
- 1Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California;
| | - Senta Georgia
- 2Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine Program, Saban Research Institute of Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California;
| | - Mark R. Frey
- 1Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California; ,2Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine Program, Saban Research Institute of Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California;
| | - Henri R. Ford
- 1Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California; ,2Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine Program, Saban Research Institute of Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California;
| | - Tracy Grikscheit
- 1Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California; ,2Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine Program, Saban Research Institute of Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California;
| | - Saverio Bellusci
- 1Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California; ,2Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine Program, Saban Research Institute of Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; ,3Department of Internal Medicine II, University of Giessen Lung Center and Member of the German Lung Center, Giessen, Germany; and ,4Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
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32
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New Transgenic Technologies. Mov Disord 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-405195-9.00003-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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33
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Volckaert T, De Langhe SP. Wnt and FGF mediated epithelial-mesenchymal crosstalk during lung development. Dev Dyn 2014; 244:342-66. [PMID: 25470458 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.24234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Revised: 11/20/2014] [Accepted: 11/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The adaptation to terrestrial life required the development of an organ capable of efficient air-blood gas exchange. To meet the metabolic load of cellular respiration, the mammalian respiratory system has evolved from a relatively simple structure, similar to the two-tube amphibian lung, to a highly complex tree-like system of branched epithelial airways connected to a vast network of gas exchanging units called alveoli. The development of such an elaborate organ in a relatively short time window is therefore an extraordinary feat and involves an intimate crosstalk between mesodermal and endodermal cell lineages. RESULTS This review describes the molecular processes governing lung development with an emphasis on the current knowledge on the role of Wnt and FGF signaling in lung epithelial differentiation. CONCLUSIONS The Wnt and FGF signaling pathways are crucial for the dynamic and reciprocal communication between epithelium and mesenchyme during lung development. In addition, some of this developmental crosstalk is reemployed in the adult lung after injury to drive regeneration, and may, when aberrantly or chronically activated, result in chronic lung diseases. Novel insights into how the Wnt and FGF pathways interact and are integrated into a complex gene regulatory network will not only provide us with essential information about how the lung regenerates itself, but also enhance our understanding of the pathogenesis of chronic lung diseases, as well as improve the controlled differentiation of lung epithelium from pluripotent stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Volckaert
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cell Biology, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado; The Inflammation Research Center, Unit of Molecular Signal Transduction in Inflammation, VIB, Technologiepark 927, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Technologiepark 927, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
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34
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Affiliation(s)
- Joo-Hyeon Lee
- Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Carla F Kim
- Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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El Agha E, Bellusci S. Walking along the Fibroblast Growth Factor 10 Route: A Key Pathway to Understand the Control and Regulation of Epithelial and Mesenchymal Cell-Lineage Formation during Lung Development and Repair after Injury. SCIENTIFICA 2014; 2014:538379. [PMID: 25298902 PMCID: PMC4178922 DOI: 10.1155/2014/538379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2014] [Accepted: 08/07/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Basic research on embryonic lung development offers unique opportunities to make important discoveries that will impact human health. Developmental biologists interested in the molecular control of branching morphogenesis have intensively studied the developing lung, with its complex and seemingly stereotyped ramified structure. However, it is also an organ that is linked to a vast array of clinical problems in humans such as bronchopulmonary dysplasia in premature babies and emphysema, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, fibrosis, and cancer in adults. Epithelial stem/progenitor cells reside in niches where they interact with specific extracellular matrices as well as with mesenchymal cells; the latter are still poorly characterized. Interactions of epithelial stem/progenitor cells with their microenvironments are usually instructive, controlling quiescence versus activation, proliferation, differentiation, and migration. During the past 18 years, Fgf10 has emerged not only as a marker for the distal lung mesenchyme during early lung development, but also as a key player in branching morphogenesis and a critical component of the niche for epithelial stem cells. In this paper, we will present the current knowledge regarding the lineage tree in the lung, with special emphasis on cell-lineage decisions in the lung mesenchyme and the role of Fgf10 in this context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elie El Agha
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Klinikstraße 36, 35392 Giessen, Hessen, Germany
- Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 35392 Giessen, Hessen, Germany
| | - Saverio Bellusci
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Klinikstraße 36, 35392 Giessen, Hessen, Germany
- Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 35392 Giessen, Hessen, Germany
- Developmental Biology and Regenerative Program of the Saban Research Institute at Childrens Hospital Los Angeles and University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA
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Volckaert T, De Langhe S. Lung epithelial stem cells and their niches: Fgf10 takes center stage. FIBROGENESIS & TISSUE REPAIR 2014; 7:8. [PMID: 24891877 PMCID: PMC4041638 DOI: 10.1186/1755-1536-7-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2013] [Accepted: 04/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Throughout life adult animals crucially depend on stem cell populations to maintain and repair their tissues to ensure life-long organ function. Stem cells are characterized by their capacity to extensively self-renew and give rise to one or more differentiated cell types. These powerful stem cell properties are key to meet the changing demand for tissue replacement during normal lung homeostasis and regeneration after lung injury. Great strides have been made over the last few years to identify and characterize lung epithelial stem cells as well as their lineage relationships. Unfortunately, knowledge on what regulates the behavior and fate specification of lung epithelial stem cells is still limited, but involves communication with their microenvironment or niche, a local tissue environment that hosts and influences the behaviors or characteristics of stem cells and that comprises other cell types and extracellular matrix. As such, an intimate and dynamic epithelial-mesenchymal cross-talk, which is also essential during lung development, is required for normal homeostasis and to mount an appropriate regenerative response after lung injury. Fibroblast growth factor 10 (Fgf10) signaling in particular seems to be a well-conserved signaling pathway governing epithelial-mesenchymal interactions during lung development as well as between different adult lung epithelial stem cells and their niches. On the other hand, disruption of these reciprocal interactions leads to a dysfunctional epithelial stem cell-niche unit, which may culminate in chronic lung diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), chronic asthma and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF).
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Volckaert
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cell Biology, National Jewish Health, 1400 Jackson St, Denver, CO 80206, USA ; The Inflammation Research Center, Unit of Molecular Signal Transduction in Inflammation, VIB, Technologiepark 927, 9052 Ghent, Belgium ; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Technologiepark 927, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Stijn De Langhe
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cell Biology, National Jewish Health, 1400 Jackson St, Denver, CO 80206, USA ; Department of Cellular and Developmental Biology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, 12605 E 16th Avenue, Aurora CO 80045, USA
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Herriges M, Morrisey EE. Lung development: orchestrating the generation and regeneration of a complex organ. Development 2014; 141:502-13. [PMID: 24449833 DOI: 10.1242/dev.098186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 383] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The respiratory system, which consists of the lungs, trachea and associated vasculature, is essential for terrestrial life. In recent years, extensive progress has been made in defining the temporal progression of lung development, and this has led to exciting discoveries, including the derivation of lung epithelium from pluripotent stem cells and the discovery of developmental pathways that are targets for new therapeutics. These discoveries have also provided new insights into the regenerative capacity of the respiratory system. This Review highlights recent advances in our understanding of lung development and regeneration, which will hopefully lead to better insights into both congenital and acquired lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Herriges
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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38
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Carraro G, Shrestha A, Rostkovius J, Contreras A, Chao CM, El Agha E, MacKenzie B, Dilai S, Guidolin D, Taketo MM, Günther A, Kumar ME, Seeger W, De Langhe S, Barreto G, Bellusci S. miR-142-3p balances proliferation and differentiation of mesenchymal cells during lung development. Development 2014; 141:1272-81. [PMID: 24553287 PMCID: PMC3943182 DOI: 10.1242/dev.105908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2013] [Accepted: 01/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The regulation of the balance between proliferation and differentiation in the mesenchymal compartment of the lung is largely uncharacterized, unlike its epithelial counterpart. In this study, we determined that miR-142-3p contributes to the proper proliferation of mesenchymal progenitors by controlling the level of WNT signaling. miR-142-3p can physically bind to adenomatous polyposis coli mRNA, functioning to regulate its expression level. In miR-142-3p loss-of-function experiments, proliferation of parabronchial smooth muscle cell progenitors is significantly impaired, leading to premature differentiation. Activation of WNT signaling in the mesenchyme, or Apc loss of function, can both rescue miR-142-3p knockdown. These findings show that in the embryonic lung mesenchyme, the microRNA machinery modulates the level of WNT signaling, adding an extra layer of control in the feedback loop between FGFR2C and β-catenin-mediated WNT signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianni Carraro
- University of Giessen Lung Center, Excellence Cluster in Cardio-Pulmonary Systems, member of the German Lung Center (DZL), Department of Internal Medicine II, Aulweg 130, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Amit Shrestha
- University of Giessen Lung Center, Excellence Cluster in Cardio-Pulmonary Systems, member of the German Lung Center (DZL), Department of Internal Medicine II, Aulweg 130, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Jana Rostkovius
- University of Giessen Lung Center, Excellence Cluster in Cardio-Pulmonary Systems, member of the German Lung Center (DZL), Department of Internal Medicine II, Aulweg 130, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Adriana Contreras
- LOEWE Research Group Lung Cancer Epigenetic, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Member of the German Lung Center (DZL), 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
- Department of Lung Development and Remodeling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Member of the German Lung Center (DZL), 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Cho-Ming Chao
- University of Giessen Lung Center, Excellence Cluster in Cardio-Pulmonary Systems, member of the German Lung Center (DZL), Department of Internal Medicine II, Aulweg 130, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Elie El Agha
- University of Giessen Lung Center, Excellence Cluster in Cardio-Pulmonary Systems, member of the German Lung Center (DZL), Department of Internal Medicine II, Aulweg 130, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Breanne MacKenzie
- University of Giessen Lung Center, Excellence Cluster in Cardio-Pulmonary Systems, member of the German Lung Center (DZL), Department of Internal Medicine II, Aulweg 130, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Salma Dilai
- University of Giessen Lung Center, Excellence Cluster in Cardio-Pulmonary Systems, member of the German Lung Center (DZL), Department of Internal Medicine II, Aulweg 130, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Diego Guidolin
- University of Padova, Department of Molecular Medicine, 35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Makoto Mark Taketo
- Department of Pharmacology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Yoshida-Konoé-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Andreas Günther
- University of Giessen Lung Center, Excellence Cluster in Cardio-Pulmonary Systems, member of the German Lung Center (DZL), Department of Internal Medicine II, Aulweg 130, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Maya E. Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry and HHMI, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Werner Seeger
- University of Giessen Lung Center, Excellence Cluster in Cardio-Pulmonary Systems, member of the German Lung Center (DZL), Department of Internal Medicine II, Aulweg 130, 35392 Giessen, Germany
- Department of Lung Development and Remodeling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Member of the German Lung Center (DZL), 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Stijn De Langhe
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206, USA
- Department of Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Guillermo Barreto
- LOEWE Research Group Lung Cancer Epigenetic, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Member of the German Lung Center (DZL), 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
- Department of Lung Development and Remodeling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Member of the German Lung Center (DZL), 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Saverio Bellusci
- University of Giessen Lung Center, Excellence Cluster in Cardio-Pulmonary Systems, member of the German Lung Center (DZL), Department of Internal Medicine II, Aulweg 130, 35392 Giessen, Germany
- Developmental Biology Program, Saban Research Institute of Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA
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El Agha E, Herold S, Al Alam D, Quantius J, MacKenzie B, Carraro G, Moiseenko A, Chao CM, Minoo P, Seeger W, Bellusci S. Fgf10-positive cells represent a progenitor cell population during lung development and postnatally. Development 2013; 141:296-306. [PMID: 24353064 DOI: 10.1242/dev.099747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The lung mesenchyme consists of a widely heterogeneous population of cells that play crucial roles during development and homeostasis after birth. These cells belong to myogenic, adipogenic, chondrogenic, neuronal and other lineages. Yet, no clear hierarchy for these lineages has been established. We have previously generated a novel Fgf10(iCre) knock-in mouse line that allows lineage tracing of Fgf10-positive cells during development and postnatally. Using these mice, we hereby demonstrate the presence of two waves of Fgf10 expression during embryonic lung development: the first wave, comprising Fgf10-positive cells residing in the submesothelial mesenchyme at early pseudoglandular stage (as well as their descendants); and the second wave, comprising Fgf10-positive cells from late pseudoglandular stage (as well as their descendants). Our lineage-tracing data reveal that the first wave contributes to the formation of parabronchial and vascular smooth muscle cells as well as lipofibroblasts at later developmental stages, whereas the second wave does not give rise to smooth muscle cells but to lipofibroblasts as well as an Nkx2.1(-) E-Cad(-) Epcam(+) Pro-Spc(+) lineage that requires further in-depth analysis. During alveologenesis, Fgf10-positive cells give rise to lipofibroblasts rather than alveolar myofibroblasts, and during adult life, a subpopulation of Fgf10-expressing cells represents a pool of resident mesenchymal stromal (stem) cells (MSCs) (Cd45(-) Cd31(-) Sca-1(+)). Taken together, we show for the first time that Fgf10-expressing cells represent a pool of mesenchymal progenitors in the embryonic and postnatal lung. Our findings suggest that Fgf10-positive cells could be useful for developing stem cell-based therapies for treating interstitial lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elie El Agha
- Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System (ECCPS), D-35392 Giessen, Hessen, Germany
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40
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McQualter JL, McCarty RC, Van der Velden J, O'Donoghue RJJ, Asselin-Labat ML, Bozinovski S, Bertoncello I. TGF-β signaling in stromal cells acts upstream of FGF-10 to regulate epithelial stem cell growth in the adult lung. Stem Cell Res 2013; 11:1222-33. [PMID: 24029687 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2013.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2013] [Revised: 07/16/2013] [Accepted: 08/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue resident mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) contribute to tissue regeneration through various mechanisms, including the secretion of trophic factors that act directly on epithelial stem cells to promote epithelialization. However, MSCs in tissues constitute a heterogeneous population of stromal cells and different subtypes may have different functions. In this study we show that CD166(neg) and CD166(pos) lung stromal cells have different proliferative and differentiative potential. CD166(neg) lung stromal cells exhibit high proliferative potential with the capacity to differentiate along the lipofibroblastic and myofibroblastic lineages, whereas CD166(pos) lung stromal cells have limited proliferative potential and are committed to the myofibroblastic lineage. Moreover, we show that CD166(pos) lung stromal cells do not share the same epithelial-supportive capacity as their CD166(neg) counterparts, which support the growth of lung epithelial stem cell (EpiSPC) colonies in vitro. In addition, ex vivo expansion of lung stromal cells also resulted in the loss of epithelial-supportive capacity, which could be reinstated by inhibition of the TGF-β signaling pathway. We show that epithelial-supportive capacity correlated with the level of FGF-10 expression and the reactivation of several lung development-associated genes. In summary, these studies suggest that TGF-β signaling in stromal cells acts upstream of FGF-10 to regulate epithelial stem cell growth in the adult lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan L McQualter
- Lung Health Research Centre, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia.
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Fgf10-expressing tanycytes add new neurons to the appetite/energy-balance regulating centers of the postnatal and adult hypothalamus. J Neurosci 2013; 33:6170-80. [PMID: 23554498 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2437-12.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that neurogenesis occurs in the postnatal and adult mammalian hypothalamus. However, the identity and location of the putative progenitor cells is under much debate, and little is known about the dynamics of neurogenesis in unchallenged brain. Previously, we postulated that Fibroblast growth factor 10-expressing (Fgf10(+)) tanycytes constitute a population of progenitor cells in the mouse hypothalamus. Here, we show that Fgf10(+) tanycytes express markers of neural stem/progenitor cells, divide late into postnatal life, and can generate both neurons and astrocytes in vivo. Stage-specific lineage-tracing of Fgf10(+) tanycytes using Fgf10-creERT2 mice, reveals robust neurogenesis at postnatal day 28 (P28), lasting as late as P60. Furthermore, we present evidence for amplification of Fgf10-lineage traced neural cells within the hypothalamic parenchyma itself. The neuronal descendants of Fgf10(+) tanycytes predominantly populate the arcuate nucleus, a subset of which express the orexigenic neuronal marker, Neuropeptide-Y, and respond to fasting and leptin-induced signaling. These studies provide direct evidence in support of hypothalamic neurogenesis during late postnatal and adult life, and identify Fgf10(+) tanycytes as a source of parenchymal neurons with putative roles in appetite and energy balance.
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42
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Gata3 directly regulates early inner ear expression of Fgf10. Dev Biol 2013; 374:210-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2012.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2012] [Revised: 11/23/2012] [Accepted: 11/26/2012] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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43
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Yin SJ, Tang XB, Li FF, Zhang T, Yuan ZW, Wang WL, Bai YZ. Spatiotemporal Expression of Fibroblast Growth Factor 10 in Human Hindgut and Anorectal Development. Cells Tissues Organs 2013; 198:28-34. [DOI: 10.1159/000351472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Alam DA, Sala FG, Baptista S, Galzote R, Danopoulos S, Tiozzo C, Gage P, Grikscheit T, Warburton D, Frey MR, Bellusci S. FGF9-Pitx2-FGF10 signaling controls cecal formation in mice. Dev Biol 2012; 369:340-8. [PMID: 22819677 PMCID: PMC3725282 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2012.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2011] [Revised: 06/19/2012] [Accepted: 07/10/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling to the epithelium and mesenchyme mediated by FGF10 and FGF9, respectively, controls cecal formation during embryonic development. In particular, mesenchymal FGF10 signals to the epithelium via FGFR2b to induce epithelial cecal progenitor cell proliferation. Yet the precise upstream mechanisms controlling mesenchymal FGF10 signaling are unknown. Complete deletion of Fgf9 as well as of Pitx2, a gene encoding a homeobox transcription factor, both lead to cecal agenesis. Herein, we used mouse genetic approaches to determine the precise contribution of the epithelium and/or mesenchyme tissue compartments in this process. Using tissue compartment specific Fgf9 versus Pitx2 loss of function approaches in the gut epithelium and/or mesenchyme, we determined that FGF9 signals to the mesenchyme via Pitx2 to induce mesenchymal Fgf10 expression, which in turn leads to epithelial cecal bud formation.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Base Sequence
- Cecum/abnormalities
- Cecum/embryology
- Cecum/metabolism
- Cell Proliferation
- DNA Primers/genetics
- Epithelial Cells/cytology
- Epithelial Cells/metabolism
- Female
- Fibroblast Growth Factor 10/deficiency
- Fibroblast Growth Factor 10/genetics
- Fibroblast Growth Factor 10/metabolism
- Fibroblast Growth Factor 9/deficiency
- Fibroblast Growth Factor 9/genetics
- Fibroblast Growth Factor 9/metabolism
- Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental
- Homeodomain Proteins/genetics
- Homeodomain Proteins/metabolism
- Male
- Mesoderm/embryology
- Mesoderm/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Mice, Mutant Strains
- Mice, Transgenic
- Models, Biological
- Pregnancy
- Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 2/genetics
- Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 2/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Transcription Factors/deficiency
- Transcription Factors/genetics
- Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Homeobox Protein PITX2
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Al Alam
- Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine Program, Saban Research Institute of Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA
| | - Frederic G Sala
- Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine Program, Saban Research Institute of Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA
| | - Sheryl Baptista
- Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine Program, Saban Research Institute of Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA
| | - Rosanna Galzote
- Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine Program, Saban Research Institute of Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA
| | - Soula Danopoulos
- Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine Program, Saban Research Institute of Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA
| | - Caterina Tiozzo
- Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine Program, Saban Research Institute of Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA
| | - Philip Gage
- University of Michigan Kellogg Eye Center, 1000 Wall Street, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Tracy Grikscheit
- Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine Program, Saban Research Institute of Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA
| | - David Warburton
- Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine Program, Saban Research Institute of Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA
| | - Mark R Frey
- Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine Program, Saban Research Institute of Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA
| | - Saverio Bellusci
- Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine Program, Saban Research Institute of Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA
- Excellence Cluster in Cardio-Pulmonary Systems, University of Giessen Lung Center, Department of Internal Medicine II, Klinikstrasse 36, 35392 Giessen, Germany
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