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Zeng T, Lei GL, Yu ML, Zhang TY, Wang ZB, Wang SZ. The role and mechanism of various trace elements in atherosclerosis. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 142:113188. [PMID: 39326296 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.113188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2024] [Revised: 09/13/2024] [Accepted: 09/13/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a slow and complex disease that involves various factors, including lipid metabolism disorders, oxygen-free radical production, inflammatory cell infiltration, platelet adhesion and aggregation, and local thrombosis. Trace elements play a crucial role in human health. Many trace elements, especially metallic ones, not only maintain the normal functions of organs but also participate in basic metabolic processes. The latest studies have revealed a close correlation between trace elements and the occurrence and progression of atherosclerosis. The imbalance of these trace elements can induce atherosclerosis or accelerate its progression through various mechanisms, which poses a significant threat to human health. Therefore, exploring the specific mechanism of trace elements on atherosclerosis is highly significant. In this review, we summarized the roles and mechanisms of iron, copper, zinc, magnesium, and selenium homeostasis and imbalance in atherosclerosis development, in order to identify novel targets and therapeutic strategies for treating atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zeng
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China; Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Guan-Lan Lei
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China; Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Mei-Ling Yu
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China; Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Ting-Yu Zhang
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China; Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Zong-Bao Wang
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China; Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China.
| | - Shu-Zhi Wang
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China; Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China.
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Zhang N, Liao H, Lin Z, Tang Q. Insights into the Role of Glutathione Peroxidase 3 in Non-Neoplastic Diseases. Biomolecules 2024; 14:689. [PMID: 38927092 PMCID: PMC11202029 DOI: 10.3390/biom14060689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROSs) are byproducts of normal cellular metabolism and play pivotal roles in various physiological processes. Disruptions in the balance between ROS levels and the body's antioxidant defenses can lead to the development of numerous diseases. Glutathione peroxidase 3 (GPX3), a key component of the body's antioxidant system, is an oxidoreductase enzyme. GPX3 mitigates oxidative damage by catalyzing the conversion of hydrogen peroxide into water. Beyond its antioxidant function, GPX3 is vital in regulating metabolism, modulating cell growth, inducing apoptosis and facilitating signal transduction. It also serves as a significant tumor suppressor in various cancers. Recent studies have revealed aberrant expression of GPX3 in several non-neoplastic diseases, associating it with multiple pathological processes. This review synthesizes the current understanding of GPX3 expression and regulation, highlighting its extensive roles in noncancerous diseases. Additionally, this paper evaluates the potential of GPX3 as a diagnostic biomarker and explores emerging therapeutic strategies targeting this enzyme, offering potential avenues for future clinical treatment of non-neoplastic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; (N.Z.); (H.L.)
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Haihan Liao
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; (N.Z.); (H.L.)
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Zheng Lin
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; (N.Z.); (H.L.)
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Qizhu Tang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; (N.Z.); (H.L.)
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan 430060, China
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Angelone T, Rocca C, Lionetti V, Penna C, Pagliaro P. Expanding the Frontiers of Guardian Antioxidant Selenoproteins in Cardiovascular Pathophysiology. Antioxid Redox Signal 2024; 40:369-432. [PMID: 38299513 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2023.0285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Significance: Physiological levels of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) function as fundamental messengers for many cellular and developmental processes in the cardiovascular system. ROS/RNS involved in cardiac redox-signaling originate from diverse sources, and their levels are tightly controlled by key endogenous antioxidant systems that counteract their accumulation. However, dysregulated redox-stress resulting from inefficient removal of ROS/RNS leads to inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and cell death, contributing to the development and progression of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Recent Advances: Basic and clinical studies demonstrate the critical role of selenium (Se) and selenoproteins (unique proteins that incorporate Se into their active site in the form of the 21st proteinogenic amino acid selenocysteine [Sec]), including glutathione peroxidase and thioredoxin reductase, in cardiovascular redox homeostasis, representing a first-line enzymatic antioxidant defense of the heart. Increasing attention has been paid to emerging selenoproteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) (i.e., a multifunctional intracellular organelle whose disruption triggers cardiac inflammation and oxidative stress, leading to multiple CVD), which are crucially involved in redox balance, antioxidant activity, and calcium and ER homeostasis. Critical Issues: This review focuses on endogenous antioxidant strategies with therapeutic potential, particularly selenoproteins, which are very promising but deserve more detailed and clinical studies. Future Directions: The importance of selective selenoproteins in embryonic development and the consequences of their mutations and inborn errors highlight the need to improve knowledge of their biological function in myocardial redox signaling. This could facilitate the development of personalized approaches for the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of CVD. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 40, 369-432.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommaso Angelone
- Cellular and Molecular Cardiovascular Pathophysiology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences (DiBEST), University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
- National Institute of Cardiovascular Research (INRC), Bologna, Italy
| | - Carmine Rocca
- Cellular and Molecular Cardiovascular Pathophysiology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences (DiBEST), University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Lionetti
- Unit of Translational Critical Care Medicine, Laboratory of Basic and Applied Medical Sciences, Interdisciplinary Research Center "Health Science," Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy
- UOSVD Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Fondazione Toscana "Gabriele Monasterio," Pisa, Italy
| | - Claudia Penna
- National Institute of Cardiovascular Research (INRC), Bologna, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Orbassano, Italy
| | - Pasquale Pagliaro
- National Institute of Cardiovascular Research (INRC), Bologna, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Orbassano, Italy
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Vyletelová V, Nováková M, Pašková Ľ. Alterations of HDL's to piHDL's Proteome in Patients with Chronic Inflammatory Diseases, and HDL-Targeted Therapies. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:1278. [PMID: 36297390 PMCID: PMC9611871 DOI: 10.3390/ph15101278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammatory diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, steatohepatitis, periodontitis, chronic kidney disease, and others are associated with an increased risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, which persists even after accounting for traditional cardiac risk factors. The common factor linking these diseases to accelerated atherosclerosis is chronic systemic low-grade inflammation triggering changes in lipoprotein structure and metabolism. HDL, an independent marker of cardiovascular risk, is a lipoprotein particle with numerous important anti-atherogenic properties. Besides the essential role in reverse cholesterol transport, HDL possesses antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, antiapoptotic, and antithrombotic properties. Inflammation and inflammation-associated pathologies can cause modifications in HDL's proteome and lipidome, transforming HDL from atheroprotective into a pro-atherosclerotic lipoprotein. Therefore, a simple increase in HDL concentration in patients with inflammatory diseases has not led to the desired anti-atherogenic outcome. In this review, the functions of individual protein components of HDL, rendering them either anti-inflammatory or pro-inflammatory are described in detail. Alterations of HDL proteome (such as replacing atheroprotective proteins by pro-inflammatory proteins, or posttranslational modifications) in patients with chronic inflammatory diseases and their impact on cardiovascular health are discussed. Finally, molecular, and clinical aspects of HDL-targeted therapies, including those used in therapeutical practice, drugs in clinical trials, and experimental drugs are comprehensively summarised.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ľudmila Pašková
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University, 83232 Bratislava, Slovakia
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A statistical learning framework for predicting left ventricular ejection fraction based on glutathione peroxidase-3 level in ischemic heart disease. Comput Biol Med 2022; 149:105929. [DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2022.105929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Ojeda ML, Nogales F, Del Carmen Gallego-López M, Carreras O. Binge drinking during the adolescence period causes oxidative damage-induced cardiometabolic disorders: A possible ameliorative approach with selenium supplementation. Life Sci 2022; 301:120618. [PMID: 35533761 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Binge drinking (BD) is the most common alcohol consumption model among adolescents. BD exposure during adolescence disrupts the nervous system function, being involved in the major mortality causes at this age: motor vehicle accidents, homicides and suicides. Recent studies have also shown that BD consumption during adolescence affects liver, renal and cardiovascular physiology, predisposing adolescents to future adult cardiometabolic damage. BD is a particularly pro-oxidant alcohol consumption pattern, because it leads to the production of a great source of reactive oxygen species (ROS) via the microsomal ethanol oxidizing system, also decreasing the antioxidant activity of glutathione peroxidase (GPx). Selenium (Se) is a mineral which plays a pivotal role against oxidation; it forms part of the catalytic center of different antioxidant selenoproteins such as GPxs (GPx1, GPx4, GPx3) and selenoprotein P (SelP). Specifically, GPx4 has an essential role in mitochondria, preventing their oxidation, apoptosis and NFkB-inflamative response, being this function even more relevant in heart's tissue. Se serum levels are decreased in acute and chronic alcoholic adult patients, being correlated to the severity of oxidation, liver damage and metabolic profile. Experimental studies have described that Se supplementation to alcohol exposed mice clearly decreases oxidative and liver damage. However, clinical BD effects on Se homeostasis and selenoproteins' tissue distribution related to oxidation during adolescence are not yet studied. In this narrative review we will describe the use of sodium selenite supplementation as an antioxidant therapy in adolescent BD rats in order to analyze Se homeostasis implication during BD exposure, oxidative balance, apoptosis and inflammation, mainly in liver, kidney, and heart. These biomolecular changes and the cardiovascular function will be analyzed. Se supplementation therapies could be a good strategy to prevent the oxidation, inflammation and apoptosis generated in tissues by BD during adolescence, such as liver, kidney and heart, improving cardiovascular functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Luisa Ojeda
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Seville University, 41012 Seville, Spain
| | - Fátima Nogales
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Seville University, 41012 Seville, Spain.
| | | | - Olimpia Carreras
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Seville University, 41012 Seville, Spain
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Kumar G, Saini M, Kundu S. Therapeutic enzymes as non-conventional targets in cardiovascular impairments:A Comprehensive Review. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2021; 100:197-209. [PMID: 34932415 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2020-0732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Over the last few decades, substantial progress has been made towards the understanding of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). In-depth mechanistic insights have also provided opportunities to explore novel therapeutic targets and treatment regimens to be discovered. Therapeutic enzymes are an example of such opportunities. The balanced functioning of such enzymes protects against a variety of CVDs while on the other hand, even a small shift in the normal functioning of these enzymes may lead to deleterious outcomes. Owing to the great versatility of these enzymes, inhibition and activation are key regulatory approaches to counter the onset and progression of several cardiovascular impairments. While cardiovascular remedies are already available in excess and of course they are efficacious, a comprehensive description of novel therapeutic enzymes to combat CVDs is the need of the hour. In light of this, the regulation of the functional activity of these enzymes also opens a new avenue for the treatment approaches to be employed. This review describes the importance of non-conventional enzymes as potential candidates in several cardiovascular disorders while highlighting some of the recently targeted therapeutic enzymes in CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Kumar
- University of Delhi - South Campus, 93081, Biochemistry, New Delhi, Delhi, India;
| | - Manisha Saini
- University of Delhi - South Campus, 93081, Biochemistry, New Delhi, Delhi, India;
| | - Suman Kundu
- University of Delhi - South Campus, 93081, Biochemistry, New Delhi, Delhi, India;
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Ojeda ML, Sobrino P, Rua RM, Gallego-Lopez MDC, Nogales F, Carreras O. Selenium, a dietary-antioxidant with cardioprotective effects, prevents the impairments in heart rate and systolic blood pressure in adolescent rats exposed to binge drinking treatment. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF DRUG AND ALCOHOL ABUSE 2021; 47:680-693. [PMID: 34582310 DOI: 10.1080/00952990.2021.1973485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Binge drinking (BD) during adolescence is related to cardiovascular alterations. Selenium (Se) is an essential trace element with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antiapoptotic properties, essential for correct heart function. OBJECTIVES To study the protective cardiovascular effects of selenium in adolescent rats exposed to a BD-like procedure. METHODS 32 adolescent male rats exposed to an intraperitoneally BD-like model or not, and supplemented with 0.4ppm of selenite or not, were divided into 4 groups: control, alcohol, control-selenium and alcohol-selenium. Blood pressure and heart rate (HR) were determined after experimentation. Se deposits, oxidative balance and the expression of glutathione peroxidases (GPxs), NF-kB and caspase-3 were measured in the heart. Also, DNA instability in rat lymphocytes and serum vascular markers were determined. Statistical analysis was performed with the ANOVA model. RESULTS The BD-like model depleted Se heart deposits (p < .01), decreased GPx activity (p < .01) and GPx1 (p < .001) and GPx4 (p < .05) expression, increased NF-kB (p < .01), caspase-3 (p < .001) expression, and generated oxidation in myocytes. Outside the heart, the BD-like model caused double-strand breaks in lymphocyte DNA and increased all the vascular markers measured. These cardiovascular alterations were related to higher systolic (p < .001) and diastolic (p < .05) blood pressure and HR (p < .05). In the heart, Se supplementation in BD-exposed rats significantly increased Se deposits (p < .001) and improved oxidative balance and vascular damage, including increased GPxs and decreased NF-kB and caspase-3 activation, consequently decreasing systolic (p < .05) blood pressure and HR (p < .01). CONCLUSIONS Se supplementation presents cardioprotective effects since it reversed HR and systolic blood pressure observed in BD-exposed adolescent rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Luisa Ojeda
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Seville University, Seville, Spain
| | - Paula Sobrino
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Seville University, Seville, Spain
| | - Rui Manuel Rua
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University Fernando Pessoa, Porto, Portugal
| | | | - Fátima Nogales
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Seville University, Seville, Spain
| | - Olimpia Carreras
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Seville University, Seville, Spain
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Pires RS, Braga PGS, Santos JMB, Amaral JB, Amirato GR, Trettel CS, Dos Santos CAF, Vaisberg M, Nali LHS, Vieira RP, Maranhão RC, Pithon-Curi TC, Barros MP, Bachi ALL. l-Glutamine supplementation enhances glutathione peroxidase and paraoxonase-1 activities in HDL of exercising older individuals. Exp Gerontol 2021; 156:111584. [PMID: 34653558 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2021.111584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxidative stress is an important factor in the formation of atherosclerotic plaques. High-density lipoprotein (HDL) harbors paraoxonase-1 (PON-1) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), key enzymes in the protection against the harmful effects of oxidative stress. Although exercise training can increase both HDL-c content and its antioxidant action, and glutamine (Gln) intake also promotes GPx-based defenses, the association between exercise training and Gln in the regulation of PON-1 activity was not explored. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the effects of Gln supplementation on the redox balance and on the total HDL antioxidant capacity by evaluation of the activity of PON-1 and GPx enzymes in physically exercised elderly individuals compared to non-exercised ones. METHODS Fifty-one practitioners of a combined exercise training program (CET, age: 71.9 ± 5.7 years) and 32 non-practitioners (NP, age: 73 ± 6.3 years) participated in the study. CET and NP groups were separated into 2 subgroups according to the supplementation: Gln, 0.3 g/kg/day + 10 g maltodextrin (CET-Gln, n = 26; and NP-Gln, n = 16) or placebo, 10 g maltodextrin (CET-PL, n = 25; and NP-PL, n = 16). Blood samples were drawn at baseline and after 30 days after commencement of the supplementation for biochemical and enzyme activity analyses. RESULTS Increased HDL-c, total peroxidase (PRx), and GPx activities were found in both CET-Gln and NP-Gln after the supplementation period, compared to baseline, in opposition to CET-PL and NP-PL groups. PON-1 activity increased only in CET-Gln. In both CET-Gln and NP-Gln groups, there was a reduction of the total peroxides/PRx, iron/PRx, and total peroxides/GPX ratios after supplementation. In CET-Gln, thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS)/PRx and TBARS/GPx ratios were also lower after supplementation. CET-Gln and CET-PL subgroups had lower glycemia than NP-Gln and NP-PL, either at baseline or after the supplementation periods. The other parameters were unchanged after supplementation [total cholesterol, LDL-c, triglycerides, non-HDL cholesterol, total peroxides, TBARS, iron serum, Trolox-equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC), and uric acid]. CONCLUSIONS Gln supplementation can increase glutathione peroxidase activity regardless the individuals were physically active or sedentary, but the PON-1 activity only increased in physically active individuals. These results show the potential of Gln supplementation in the maintenance of the vascular redox balance, with potential implications for atherogenesis protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renier S Pires
- Post-Graduation Program in Health Sciences, Santo Amaro University (UNISA), São Paulo, SP 04829-300, Brazil
| | - Pedro G S Braga
- Lipid Metabolism Laboratory, Heart Institute (InCor), Medical School Hospital, University of São Paulo, SP 05403-900, Brazil
| | - Juliana M B Santos
- Post-Graduation Program in Science of Human and Rehabilitation, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Santos, SP 11015-020, Brazil
| | - Jônatas B Amaral
- ENT Lab, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP 04025-002, Brazil
| | - Gislene R Amirato
- ENT Lab, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP 04025-002, Brazil
| | - Caio S Trettel
- Interdisciplinary Program in Health Sciences, Institute of Physical Activity Sciences and Sports (ICAFE), Cruzeiro do Sul University, São Paulo, SP 01506-000, Brazil
| | - Carlos A F Dos Santos
- Department of Medicine (Geriatrics and Gerontology), Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP 04020-050, Brazil
| | - Mauro Vaisberg
- ENT Lab, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP 04025-002, Brazil
| | - Luis H S Nali
- Post-Graduation Program in Health Sciences, Santo Amaro University (UNISA), São Paulo, SP 04829-300, Brazil
| | - Rodolfo P Vieira
- Post-Graduation Program in Science of Human and Rehabilitation, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Santos, SP 11015-020, Brazil; Post-graduation Program in Bioengineering and Biomedical Engineering, Universidade Brasil, São Paulo, SP 08230-030, Brazil; Brazilian Institute of Teaching and Research in Pulmonary and Exercise Immunology (IBEPIPE), São Jose dos Campos, SP 12245-520, Brazil
| | - Raul C Maranhão
- Lipid Metabolism Laboratory, Heart Institute (InCor), Medical School Hospital, University of São Paulo, SP 05403-900, Brazil
| | - Tania C Pithon-Curi
- Interdisciplinary Program in Health Sciences, Institute of Physical Activity Sciences and Sports (ICAFE), Cruzeiro do Sul University, São Paulo, SP 01506-000, Brazil
| | - Marcelo P Barros
- Interdisciplinary Program in Health Sciences, Institute of Physical Activity Sciences and Sports (ICAFE), Cruzeiro do Sul University, São Paulo, SP 01506-000, Brazil
| | - André L L Bachi
- Post-Graduation Program in Health Sciences, Santo Amaro University (UNISA), São Paulo, SP 04829-300, Brazil; ENT Lab, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP 04025-002, Brazil; Brazilian Institute of Teaching and Research in Pulmonary and Exercise Immunology (IBEPIPE), São Jose dos Campos, SP 12245-520, Brazil.
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Niksirat H, Siino V, Steinbach C, Levander F. High-Resolution Proteomic Profiling Shows Sexual Dimorphism in Zebrafish Heart-Associated Proteins. J Proteome Res 2021; 20:4075-4088. [PMID: 34185526 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.1c00387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the molecular basis of sexual dimorphism in the cardiovascular system may contribute to the improvement of the outcome in biological, pharmacological, and toxicological studies as well as on the development of sex-based drugs and therapeutic approaches. Label-free protein quantification using high-resolution mass spectrometry was applied to detect sex-based proteome differences in the heart of zebrafish Danio rerio. Out of almost 3000 unique identified proteins in the heart, 79 showed significant abundance differences between male and female fish. The functional differences were mapped using enrichment analyses. Our results suggest that a large amount of materials needed for reproduction (e.g., sugars, lipids, proteins, etc.) may impose extra pressure on blood, vessels, and heart on their way toward the ovaries. In the present study, the female's heart shows a clear sexual dimorphism by changing abundance levels of numerous proteins, which could be a way to safely overcome material-induced elevated pressures. These proteins belong to the immune system, oxidative stress response, drug metabolization, detoxification, energy, metabolism, and so on. In conclusion, we showed that sex can induce dimorphism at the molecular level in nonsexual organs such as heart and must be considered as an important factor in cardiovascular research. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD023506.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Niksirat
- Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, CENAKVA, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Vodňany, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Valentina Siino
- Department of Immunotechnology, Lund University, Lund 223 87, Sweden
| | - Christoph Steinbach
- Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, CENAKVA, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Vodňany, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Fredrik Levander
- Department of Immunotechnology, Lund University, Lund 223 87, Sweden.,National Bioinformatics Infrastructure Sweden (NBIS), Science for Life Laboratory, Lund University, Lund 223 87, Sweden
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Harnessing the cardiovascular benefits of exercise: are Nrf2 activators useful? SPORTS MEDICINE AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2021; 3:70-79. [PMID: 35782161 PMCID: PMC9219337 DOI: 10.1016/j.smhs.2021.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability of physical activity to ameliorate cardiovascular disease and improve cardiovascular health is well accepted, but many aspects of the molecular mechanisms underlying these benefits are incompletely understood. Exercise increases the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) through various mechanisms. This triggers the activation of Nrf2, a redox-sensitive transcription factor activated by increases in oxidative stress. Activation of Nrf2 mitigates oxidative stress by increasing the nuclear transcription of many antioxidant genes while also mediating additional beneficial effects through the cytoprotective nature of Nrf2 signaling. Understanding the transcriptional patterns of Nrf2 caused by exercise can help in the design of pharmacological mimicry of the process in patients who are unable to exercise for various reasons.
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Morris G, Puri BK, Bortolasci CC, Carvalho A, Berk M, Walder K, Moreira EG, Maes M. The role of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, apolipoprotein A and paraoxonase-1 in the pathophysiology of neuroprogressive disorders. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 125:244-263. [PMID: 33657433 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.02.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Lowered high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol has been reported in major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, first episode of psychosis, and schizophrenia. HDL, its major apolipoprotein component, ApoA1, and the antioxidant enzyme paraoxonase (PON)1 (which is normally bound to ApoA1) all have anti-atherogenic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory roles, which are discussed in this paper. The paper details the pathways mediating the anti-inflammatory effects of HDL, ApoA1 and PON1 and describes the mechanisms leading to compromised HDL and PON1 levels and function in an environment of chronic inflammation. The molecular mechanisms by which changes in HDL, ApoA1 and PON1 might contribute to the pathophysiology of the neuroprogressive disorders are explained. Moreover, the anti-inflammatory actions of ApoM-mediated sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) signalling are reviewed as well as the deleterious effects of chronic inflammation and oxidative stress on ApoM/S1P signalling. Finally, therapeutic interventions specifically aimed at improving the levels and function of HDL and PON1 while reducing levels of inflammation and oxidative stress are considered. These include the so-called Mediterranean diet, extra virgin olive oil, polyphenols, flavonoids, isoflavones, pomegranate juice, melatonin and the Mediterranean diet combined with the ketogenic diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerwyn Morris
- Deakin University, IMPACT - The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia
| | | | - Chiara C Bortolasci
- Deakin University, IMPACT - The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia; Deakin University, CMMR Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Geelong, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Andre Carvalho
- Deakin University, IMPACT - The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Michael Berk
- Deakin University, IMPACT - The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia; Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, The Department of Psychiatry and The Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ken Walder
- Deakin University, IMPACT - The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia; Deakin University, CMMR Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Estefania G Moreira
- Post-Graduation Program in Health Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Michael Maes
- Deakin University, IMPACT - The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, King Chulalongkorn University Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand; Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
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13
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Najjar RS, Turner CG, Wong BJ, Feresin RG. Berry-Derived Polyphenols in Cardiovascular Pathologies: Mechanisms of Disease and the Role of Diet and Sex. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13020387. [PMID: 33513742 PMCID: PMC7911141 DOI: 10.3390/nu13020387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevalence, pathogenesis, and manifestation is differentially influenced by biological sex. Berry polyphenols target several signaling pathways pertinent to CVD development, including inflammation, oxidative stress, and cardiac and vascular remodeling, and there are innate differences in these pathways that also vary by sex. There is limited research systematically investigating sex differences in berry polyphenol effects on these pathways, but there are fundamental findings at this time that suggest a sex-specific effect. This review will detail mechanisms within these pathological pathways, how they differ by sex, and how they may be individually targeted by berry polyphenols in a sex-specific manner. Because of the substantial polyphenolic profile of berries, berry consumption represents a promising interventional tool in the treatment and prevention of CVD in both sexes, but the mechanisms in which they function within each sex may vary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rami S. Najjar
- Department of Nutrition, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30302, USA;
| | - Casey G. Turner
- Department of Kinesiology and Health, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30302, USA; (C.G.T.); (B.J.W.)
| | - Brett J. Wong
- Department of Kinesiology and Health, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30302, USA; (C.G.T.); (B.J.W.)
| | - Rafaela G. Feresin
- Department of Nutrition, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30302, USA;
- Correspondence:
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14
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Zimetti F, Adorni MP, Marsillach J, Marchi C, Trentini A, Valacchi G, Cervellati C. Connection between the Altered HDL Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Properties and the Risk to Develop Alzheimer's Disease: A Narrative Review. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:6695796. [PMID: 33505588 PMCID: PMC7811424 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6695796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The protein composition of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) is extremely fluid. The quantity and quality of protein constituents drive the multiple biological functions of these lipoproteins, which include the ability to contrast atherogenesis, sustained inflammation, and toxic effects of reactive species. Several diseases where inflammation and oxidative stress participate in the pathogenetic process are characterized by perturbation in the HDL proteome. This change inevitably affects the functionality of the lipoprotein. An enlightening example in this frame comes from the literature on Alzheimer's disease (AD). Growing lines of epidemiological evidence suggest that loss of HDL-associated proteins, such as lipoprotein phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2), glutathione peroxidase-3 (GPx-3), and paraoxonase-1 and paraoxonase-3 (PON1, PON3), may be a feature of AD, even at the early stage. Moreover, the decrease in these enzymes with antioxidant/defensive action appears to be accompanied by a parallel increase of prooxidant and proinflammatory mediators, in particular myeloperoxidase (MPO) and serum amyloid A (SAA). This type of derangement of balance between two opposite forces makes HDL dysfunctional, i.e., unable to exert its "natural" vasculoprotective property. In this review, we summarized and critically analyzed the most significant findings linking HDL accessory proteins and AD. We also discuss the most convincing hypothesis explaining the mechanism by which an observed systemic occurrence may have repercussions in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Zimetti
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parma 43124, Italy
| | - Maria Pia Adorni
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Unit of Neurosciences, University of Parma, Parma 43121, Italy
| | - Judit Marsillach
- Department of Environmental & Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Cinzia Marchi
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parma 43124, Italy
| | - Alessandro Trentini
- Department of Biomedical and Specialist Surgical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara 44121, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Valacchi
- Department of Biomedical and Specialist Surgical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara 44121, Italy
- Plants for Human Health Institute, Animal Sciences Department, NC Research Campus Kannapolis, NC State University, 28081 NC, USA
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Carlo Cervellati
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
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15
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Vinknes KJ, Refsum H, Turner C, Khaw KT, Wareham NJ, Forouhi NG, Imamura F. Plasma Sulfur Amino Acids and Risk of Cerebrovascular Diseases: A Nested Case-Control Study in the EPIC-Norfolk Cohort. Stroke 2021; 52:172-180. [PMID: 33349021 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.120.029177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE B-vitamin supplements lower circulating concentrations of homocysteine and may reduce stroke incidence. Homocysteine concentrations are associated with the incidence of stroke but other sulfur-containing compounds in the related metabolic pathway have not yet been investigated for an association with incident cerebrovascular diseases. METHODS Nested within the EPIC (European Prospective Investigation Into Cancer and Nutrition)-Norfolk cohort, we established a case-control study with 480 incident cases of cerebrovascular diseases and 480 controls matched by age, sex, and year of baseline examination (1993-1997). Using baseline plasma samples, we assayed sulfur-containing compounds including methionine, homocysteine, cystathionine, cysteine, glutathione, and taurine with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. We examined the association of concentrations of each of the compounds and the ratio of methionine to homocysteine (representing activity of one-carbon metabolism) with risk of incident cerebrovascular diseases, adjusted for potential confounders. RESULTS Plasma methionine and the methionine/homocysteine ratio were inversely associated with risk of cerebrovascular diseases, with odds ratios per 1 SD of 0.83 (95% CI, 0.72-0.96) and 0.82 (95% CI, 0.71-0.95), respectively. The association of methionine remained significant after adjustment for homocysteine. None of the other examined compounds was significantly associated with incident cerebrovascular diseases. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that greater availability of methionine, an essential amino acid, may play a role in the prevention of cerebrovascular diseases and explain the previously recognized link between elevated homocysteine and stroke. Further research is needed to determine causation and the potential of circulating methionine as a target in cerebrovascular disease prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrine J Vinknes
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Norway (K.J.V., H.R.)
| | - Helga Refsum
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Norway (K.J.V., H.R.)
| | - Cheryl Turner
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, United Kingdom (H.R., C.T.)
| | - Kay-Tee Khaw
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (K.-T.K.)
| | - Nicholas J Wareham
- Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, United Kingdom (N.J.W., N.G.F., F.I.)
| | - Nita G Forouhi
- Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, United Kingdom (N.J.W., N.G.F., F.I.)
| | - Fumiaki Imamura
- Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, United Kingdom (N.J.W., N.G.F., F.I.)
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16
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Lee H, Ismail T, Kim Y, Chae S, Ryu HY, Lee DS, Kwon TK, Park TJ, Kwon T, Lee HS. Xenopus gpx3 Mediates Posterior Development by Regulating Cell Death during Embryogenesis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9121265. [PMID: 33322741 PMCID: PMC7764483 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9121265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Glutathione peroxidase 3 (GPx3) belongs to the glutathione peroxidase family of selenoproteins and is a key antioxidant enzyme in multicellular organisms against oxidative damage. Downregulation of GPx3 affects tumor progression and metastasis and is associated with liver and heart disease. However, the physiological significance of GPx3 in vertebrate embryonic development remains poorly understood. The current study aimed to investigate the functional roles of gpx3 during embryogenesis. To this end, we determined gpx3's spatiotemporal expression using Xenopus laevis as a model organism. Using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), we demonstrated the zygotic nature of this gene. Interestingly, the expression of gpx3 enhanced during the tailbud stage of development, and whole mount in situ hybridization (WISH) analysis revealed gpx3 localization in prospective tail region of developing embryo. gpx3 knockdown using antisense morpholino oligonucleotides (MOs) resulted in short post-anal tails, and these malformed tails were significantly rescued by glutathione peroxidase mimic ebselen. The gene expression analysis indicated that gpx3 knockdown significantly altered the expression of genes associated with Wnt, Notch, and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling pathways involved in tailbud development. Moreover, RNA sequencing identified that gpx3 plays a role in regulation of cell death in the developing embryo. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) and phospho-histone 3 (PH3) staining confirmed the association of gpx3 knockdown with increased cell death and decreased cell proliferation in tail region of developing embryos, establishing the involvement of gpx3 in tailbud development by regulating the cell death. Furthermore, these findings are inter-related with increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in gpx3 knockdown embryos, as measured by using a redox-sensitive fluorescent probe HyPer. Taken together, our results suggest that gpx3 plays a critical role in posterior embryonic development by regulating cell death and proliferation during vertebrate embryogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongchan Lee
- KNU-Center for Nonlinear Dynamics, CMRI, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, School of Life Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (H.L.); (T.I.); (Y.K.); (H.-Y.R.); (D.-S.L.)
| | - Tayaba Ismail
- KNU-Center for Nonlinear Dynamics, CMRI, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, School of Life Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (H.L.); (T.I.); (Y.K.); (H.-Y.R.); (D.-S.L.)
| | - Youni Kim
- KNU-Center for Nonlinear Dynamics, CMRI, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, School of Life Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (H.L.); (T.I.); (Y.K.); (H.-Y.R.); (D.-S.L.)
| | - Shinhyeok Chae
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), College of Information-Bio Convergence, Ulsan 44919, Korea;
| | - Hong-Yeoul Ryu
- KNU-Center for Nonlinear Dynamics, CMRI, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, School of Life Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (H.L.); (T.I.); (Y.K.); (H.-Y.R.); (D.-S.L.)
| | - Dong-Seok Lee
- KNU-Center for Nonlinear Dynamics, CMRI, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, School of Life Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (H.L.); (T.I.); (Y.K.); (H.-Y.R.); (D.-S.L.)
| | - Taeg Kyu Kwon
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Korea;
| | - Tae Joo Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), College of Information-Bio Convergence, Ulsan 44919, Korea;
| | - Taejoon Kwon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), College of Information-Bio Convergence, Ulsan 44919, Korea;
- Correspondence: (T.K.); (H.-S.L.); Tel.: +82-52-217-2583 (T.K.); +82-53-950-7367 (H.-S.L.); Fax: +82-52-217-3229 (T.K.); +82-53-943-2762 (H.-S.L.)
| | - Hyun-Shik Lee
- KNU-Center for Nonlinear Dynamics, CMRI, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, School of Life Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (H.L.); (T.I.); (Y.K.); (H.-Y.R.); (D.-S.L.)
- Correspondence: (T.K.); (H.-S.L.); Tel.: +82-52-217-2583 (T.K.); +82-53-950-7367 (H.-S.L.); Fax: +82-52-217-3229 (T.K.); +82-53-943-2762 (H.-S.L.)
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17
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Xu L, Yang J, Xu M, Shan D, Wu Z, Yuan D. Speciation and adaptive evolution reshape antioxidant enzymatic system diversity across the phylum Nematoda. BMC Biol 2020; 18:181. [PMID: 33243226 PMCID: PMC7694339 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-020-00896-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Nematodes have evolved to survive in diverse ecological niches and can be a serious burden on agricultural economy, veterinary medicine, and public health. Antioxidant enzymes in parasitic nematodes play a critical role in defending against host oxidative stress. However, the features of the evolution of antioxidant enzymes in the phylum Nematoda remain elusive. Results Here, we systematically investigated the evolution and gene expression of antioxidant enzymes in the genomes of 59 nematodes and transcriptomes of 20 nematodes. Catalase has been independently lost in several orders, suggesting that it is unnecessary for some nematodes. Unlike in mammals, phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase is widely distributed in nematodes, among which it has evolved independently. We found that superoxide dismutase (SOD) has been present throughout nematode evolutionary process, and the extracellular isoform (SOD3) is diverged from the corresponding enzyme in mammals and has undergone duplication and differentiation in several nematodes. Moreover, the evolution of intracellular and extracellular SOD isoforms in filaria strongly indicates that extracellular SOD3 originated from intracellular SOD1 and underwent rapid evolution to form the diversity of extracellular SOD3. We identify a novel putative metal-independent extracellular SOD presenting independently in Steinernema and Strongyloididae lineage that featured a high expression level in Strongyloides larvae. Sequence divergence of SOD3 between parasitic nematodes and their closest free-living nematode, the specifically high expression in the parasitic female stage, and presence in excretory-secretory proteome of Strongyloides suggest that SOD3 may be related with parasitism. Conclusions This study advances our understanding of the complex evolution of antioxidant enzymes across Nematoda and provides targets for controlling parasitic nematode diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian Xu
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Ministry of Education and Jiangsu Province, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China.,Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Jian Yang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Ministry of Education and Jiangsu Province, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Meng Xu
- Department of Ecology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Dai Shan
- BGI Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China
| | - Zhongdao Wu
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
| | - Dongjuan Yuan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
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18
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Ling P, Shan W, Zhai G, Qiu C, Liu Y, Xu Y, Yang X. Association between glutathione peroxidase-3 activity and carotid atherosclerosis in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Brain Behav 2020; 10:e01773. [PMID: 32862561 PMCID: PMC7559603 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.1773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Deficiency of glutathione peroxidase 3 (GPx3) has been recognized as an independent risk factor for cardiovascular events. However, little is known regarding the role of GPx3 in carotid atherosclerosis, which is ubiquitously observed in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This study aimed to investigate the relationship between GPx3 activity and carotid atherosclerosis among patients with T2DM. METHODS From January 2018 to December 2018, 245 consecutive patients with T2DM were enrolled in this observational study. Assessment of serum GPx3 activity was performed after admission. We also used carotid ultrasound to measure the mean carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) and to assess the presence of carotid plaque. RESULTS Of the 245 patients, the median serum GPx3 activity was 22.5 U/ml (interquartile range, 12.4-35.9 U/ml). Carotid plaque was observed in 113 (46.1%) patients, and mean CIMT was 0.8 ± 0.1 mm. Univariate analysis showed that age, smoking, previous coronary heart disease, carotid plaque, and level of mean CIMT and hypersensitive C-reactive protein were significantly associated with decreasing tertile of GPx3. Furthermore, after adjusting for all potential confounders by multivariable logistic regression analysis, PGx3 activity was significantly and independently associated with the mean CIMT (β = -.406, p = .002) and carotid plaque (first tertile of GPx3, odds ratio, 1.870, 95% confidence intervals, 1.124-3.669, p = .024). CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that serum GPx3 activity was inversely associated with mean CIMT and carotid plaque, suggesting that lower GPx3 activity may be an independent predictor for carotid atherosclerosis in T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Ling
- Department of Neurology, Suzhou Ninth People's Hospital, Suzhou, China
| | - Wanying Shan
- Department of Neurology, Suzhou Ninth People's Hospital, Suzhou, China
| | - Guojie Zhai
- Department of Neurology, Suzhou Ninth People's Hospital, Suzhou, China
| | - Chunfang Qiu
- Department of Neurology, Suzhou Ninth People's Hospital, Suzhou, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Department of Neurology, Suzhou Ninth People's Hospital, Suzhou, China
| | - Yuan Xu
- Department of Neurology, Suzhou Ninth People's Hospital, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiuyan Yang
- Department of Neurology, Suzhou Ninth People's Hospital, Suzhou, China
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19
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Shekarforoush S, Ebrahimi P, Fathabad AA, Farzanfar E. Effect of Sodium Metabisulfite on Oxidative Stress and Lipid Peroxidation Biomarkers. CURRENT NUTRITION & FOOD SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1573401314666181024130333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Background:
Sulfites are widely used as preservatives in the foods and pharmaceutical
agents. It has been demonstrated that sulfites can react with a variety of cellular components and
cause toxicity.
Objective:
The present study was designed to investigate the effects of ingested sodium metabisulfite
(SMB) on serum antioxidant status in rats.
Methods:
Thirty-two male Wistar rats were randomly divided into control and treated groups. Treated
groups received 10, 100, and 260 mg/kg body weight of SMB for 28 days. After 28 days, serum
was assayed for measuring superoxide dismtase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione
reductase (GR), catalase (CAT) activities, glutathion (GSH) level and lipid peroxidation.
Results:
The results showed that the activities of GPx, GR, CAT and GSH levels were significantly
decreased in 100 and 260 mg/kg SMB treated rats, while malondialdehyde (MDA) level was significantly
increased in 260 mg/kg treated group when compared with the control group.
Conclusion:
It is concluded that SMB administration as dose-dependent is associated with decreased
serum antioxidant enzyme activities and increased lipid peroxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Parisa Ebrahimi
- Department of Physiology, Arsanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Fars, Iran
| | | | - Elaheh Farzanfar
- Department of Physiology, Arsanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Fars, Iran
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20
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Hasani M, Djalalinia S, Khazdooz M, Asayesh H, Zarei M, Gorabi AM, Ansari H, Qorbani M, Heshmat R. Effect of selenium supplementation on antioxidant markers: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Hormones (Athens) 2019; 18:451-462. [PMID: 31820398 DOI: 10.1007/s42000-019-00143-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study is the systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled trial studies to assess the antioxidant effects of selenium (Se) supplementation. METHODS The systematic review and meta-analysis were performed according to the previously published protocol. The PubMed, Web of Sciences, and Scopus databases were meticulously searched for relevant data, without time or language restriction, up to June 1, 2017. All clinical trials which assessed the effect of Se supplementation on antioxidant markers, including oxidative stress index (OSI), antioxidant potency composite (APC) index, plasma malonaldehyde (MDA), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), catalase (CAT)), and total antioxidant plasma (TAP), were included. The effect of Se supplementation on antioxidant markers was assessed using standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI). The random-effect meta-analysis method was used to estimate the pooled SMD. RESULTS In total, 13 studies which assessed the effect of Se supplementation on antioxidant markers were included. The random-effect meta-analysis method showed that Se supplementation significantly increased GPX (SMD = 0.54; 95% CI = 0.21-0.87) and TAC (SMD = 0.39, 95% CI = 0.13, 0.66) levels and decreased MDA levels (SMD = - 0.54, 95% CI = - 0.78, - 0.30). The effect of Se supplementation on other antioxidant markers was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION The findings showed that Se supplementation might reduce oxidative stress by increasing TAC and GPX levels and decreasing serum MDA, both of which are crucial factors for reduction of oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motahareh Hasani
- School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shirin Djalalinia
- Development of Research & Technology Center, Deputy of Research and Technology, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Khazdooz
- School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Asayesh
- Department of Medical Emergencies, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
| | - Maryam Zarei
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Armita Mahdavi Gorabi
- Department of Basic and Clinical Research, Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Ansari
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Health Promotion Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa Qorbani
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Ramin Heshmat
- Chronic Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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21
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Schomburg L, Orho-Melander M, Struck J, Bergmann A, Melander O. Selenoprotein-P Deficiency Predicts Cardiovascular Disease and Death. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11081852. [PMID: 31404994 PMCID: PMC6723215 DOI: 10.3390/nu11081852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Selenoprotein-P (SELENOP) is the main carrier of selenium to target organs and reduces tissue oxidative stress both directly and by delivering selenium to protective selenoproteins. We tested if the plasma concentration of SELENOP predicts cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in the primary preventive setting. SELENOP was measured from the baseline exam in 2002–2006 of the Malmö Preventive Project, a population-based prospective cohort study, using a validated ELISA. Quintiles of SELENOP concentration were related to the risk of all-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality, and a first cardiovascular event in 4366 subjects during a median (interquartile range) follow-up time of 9.3 (8.3–11) years using Cox proportional Hazards Model adjusting for cardiovascular risk factors. Compared to subjects in the lowest quintile of SELENOP, the risk of all three endpoints was significantly lower in quintiles 2–5. The risk (multivariate adjusted hazard ratio, 95% CI) decreased gradually with the lowest risk in quintile 4 for all-cause mortality (0.57, 0.48–0.69) (p < 0.001), cardiovascular mortality (0.52, 0.37–0.72) (p < 0.001), and first cardiovascular event (0.56, 0.44–0.71) (p < 0.001). The lower risk of a first cardiovascular event in quintiles 2–5 as compared to quintile 1 was significant for both coronary artery disease and stroke. We conclude that the 20% with lowest SELENOP concentrations in a North European population without history of cardiovascular disease have markedly increased risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, and preventive selenium supplementation studies stratified for these subjects are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lutz Schomburg
- Institut für Experimentelle Endokrinologie, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, D-13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Marju Orho-Melander
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmö, Lund University, SE 214 28 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Joachim Struck
- Sphingotec GmbH, Neuendorfstrasse 15A, D-16761 Hennigsdorf, Germany
| | - Andreas Bergmann
- Sphingotec GmbH, Neuendorfstrasse 15A, D-16761 Hennigsdorf, Germany
| | - Olle Melander
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmö, Lund University, SE 214 28 Malmö, Sweden.
- Department of Internal Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Skåne University Hospital, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, Bldg. 91, SE 214 28 Malmö, Sweden.
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Razygraev AV, Petrosyan MA, Tumasova ZN, Taborskaya KI, Polyanskikh LS, Baziian EV, Balashova NN. Changes in the Activity of Glutathione Peroxidase in the Blood Plasma and Serum of Rats during Postnatal Development and Aging. ADVANCES IN GERONTOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s2079057019030147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Jeon BH. Effects of Fermented Sea Tangle Supplementation on the Oxidative Stress and DNA Damage in Older Women. THE ASIAN JOURNAL OF KINESIOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.15758/ajk.2019.21.2.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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Zhu Y, Zhang Y, Huang X, Xie Y, Qu Y, Long H, Gu N, Jiang W. Z-Ligustilide protects vascular endothelial cells from oxidative stress and rescues high fat diet-induced atherosclerosis by activating multiple NRF2 downstream genes. Atherosclerosis 2019; 284:110-120. [PMID: 30897380 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2019.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Oxidative stress-induced endothelial dysfunction is considered to exert a vital role in the development of atherosclerotic coronary heart disease (CHD). NRF2 is a key transcriptional factor against oxidative stress through activation of multiple ARE-mediated genes. Z-Lig is derived from the Ligusticum species with antitumor, anti-inflammation and neuroprotection activities. However, the antioxidant potentials of Z-Lig on endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis have not been well elucidated. Therefore, in the present work, we appraise the cytoprotective property and anti-atherosclerosis effect of Z-Lig. METHODS Potential NRF2 activators were screened and verified by luciferase reporter gene assay. The protein and mRNA levels of NRF2 and ARE-mediated genes, and GSH/GSSG level in EA.hy926 cells treated with Z-Lig were detected. The cytoprotective property of Z-Lig was assessed in the tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP)-evoked oxidative stress model. Cell viability and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in EA.hy926 cells were determined. An atherosclerosis model induced by HFD was used to determine the anti-atherosclerosis effect of Z-Lig in HFD-fed Ldlr-deficient mice. RESULTS In vitro, 100 μM Z-Lig upregulated expressions of NRF2 and ARE-driven genes, promoted accumulation of nuclear NRF2 and unbound NRF2- KEAP1 complex in EA.hy926 cells. Furthermore, Z-Lig alleviated oxidative stress and cell injury caused by t-BHP via stimulation of the NRF2/ARE pathway. In vivo, intervention with 20 mg/kg Z-Lig markedly restrained atherosclerosis progression, including attenuation of HFD-induced atherosclerotic plaque formation, alleviation of lipid peroxidation and increase in antioxidant enzyme activity in aortas of HFD-fed Ldlr-/- mice. The chemopreventive effects of Z-Lig might be associated with the activation of NRF2 and ARE-driven genes. CONCLUSIONS The present study suggested that Z-Lig is an effective NRF2 activator, which can protect vascular endothelial cells from oxidative stress and rescue HFD-induced atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China; First clinical medicine college of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Yajie Zhang
- Department of Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Nanjing Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China; Department of Clinical Biobank, The Affiliated Nanjing Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Xia Huang
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China; Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Nanjing Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Yong Xie
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China; First clinical medicine college of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Yuan Qu
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China; Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Nanjing Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Hongyan Long
- Department of Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Nanjing Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China; Department of Clinical Biobank, The Affiliated Nanjing Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Ning Gu
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Nanjing Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China.
| | - Weimin Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China; First clinical medicine college of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China.
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Gong Y, Yang J, Cai J, Liu Q, Zhang JM, Zhang Z. Effect of Gpx3 gene silencing by siRNA on apoptosis and autophagy in chicken cardiomyocytes. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:7828-7838. [PMID: 30515791 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Glutathione peroxidase 3 (Gpx3), as an important selenoprotein, is the most crucial antioxidant defense in cardiomyocytes. However, the role of Gpx3 in Se-deficient cardiomyocyte damage still less reported. Here, we developed Gpx3 silence cardiomyocytes culture model (small interfering RNA; siRNA) for research the crosstalk between autophagy and apoptosis. Quantitative real-time PCR and western blot analysis are performed to detect the expression of apoptosis and autophagy-related genes. MDC stain, flow cytometry, AO/EB stain, and electron microscope were performed to observe the changes of cell morphology. Our results reveal that Gpx3 suppression can significant increases in ROS (p < 0.05) levels, which further induced apoptosis through upregulated the expression of Caspase-3 in cardiomyocytes. Meanwhile, we also found that the whole process is accompanied by the occurrence of autophagy, which are promoted by inhibiting the mTOR, and increasing the expression of ATG-7, ATG-10, and ATG-12. Altogether, we conclude that the apoptotic and autophagic response machineries share antagonistic function in Gpx3 knockdown cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafan Gong
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Jingzeng Cai
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Qi Liu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Jun Min Zhang
- Institution of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Scientific Observing and Experiment Station of Animal Genetic Resources and Nutrition in North China, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Ziwei Zhang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.,Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Cellular and Genetic Engineering of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, PR, China
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Reid SNS, Ryu JK, Kim Y, Jeon BH. The Effects of Fermented Laminaria japonica on Short-Term Working Memory and Physical Fitness in the Elderly. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2018; 2018:8109621. [PMID: 30008787 PMCID: PMC6020467 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8109621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Considering the neuroprotective and antioxidant potential of fermented Laminaria japonica A. (FST), the purpose of the present study is to establish whether FST may be considered a viable, efficacious supplement that can be administered in later life to offset neurodegenerative conditions associated with aging. Forty senior subjects participated in a randomized, double-blind, and placebo-controlled study. Two groups were formed, one FST group (n = 32, 72.35 ± 5.54 yrs) and one placebo (CON) (n = 28, 74.57 ± 5.69 yrs), which received 1.5 g/day of FST for 6 weeks. Subjects were asked to abstain from any regular exercise. In order to analyze short-term memory, a variety of neuropsychological tests were implemented. Body composition, physical fitness evaluations, antioxidant function, and inflammatory markers were also included in the analyses pre- and posttest. We demonstrated that FST significantly improved neuropsychological test scores, including higher scores in the K-MMSE, numerical memory test, Raven test, and iconic memory, compared to the CON group. Shorter test trial times in the 6-meter [corrected] walk test were observed in the FST group (p<0.001 and p<0.05, trials 1 and 2, respectively). FST also significantly increased antioxidant activity of GPx, GSR, and SOD, reduced the production of TBARS, and lowered 8-oxoDG levels. The present study highlights the potential widespread application of FST in protecting against the degenerative effects of aging on short-term memory and physical function. Neuropsychological evaluation indicates that FST may provide a protective mechanism against cognitive impairment associated with dementia. Neuromuscular integrity and physical function are typically compromised in aging and dementia patients; thus, whether by stimulation of muscle-related growth factors or an increase in serum BDNF, FST supplementation may act to preserve physical function in the elderly. The bioactive constituents of FST such as GABA and fucoidan acting to provide improvements in antioxidant activity following FST supplementation may protect against progressive degeneration purportedly caused by reactive oxygen species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Storm N. S. Reid
- Department of Physical Education, School of Sports and Health, Kyungsung University, Busan 48434, Republic of Korea
| | - Je-kwang Ryu
- Institute for Cognitive Science, College of Humanities, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunsook Kim
- Marine Bio-Industry Development Center, Marine Bioprocesses Co., Ltd., Busan 46048, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeong Hwan Jeon
- Department of Physical Education, School of Sports and Health, Kyungsung University, Busan 48434, Republic of Korea
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Tan C, Wang Y, Lin M, Wang Z, He L, Li Z, Li Y, Xu K. Long-term high air pollution exposure induced metabolic adaptations in traffic policemen. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2018; 58:156-162. [PMID: 29346078 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2018.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the adverse physiological changes induced by long-term exposure to PM2.5. METHODS Totally 183 traffic policemen and 88 office policemen as the control group, were enrolled in this study. The concentrations of PM2.5 in both the working places of traffic and office policemen were obtained. Detailed personal questionnaires and conventional laboratory tests including hematology, fasting blood glucose, blood lipids, liver, kidney, immunity and tumor-related markers were conducted on all participants of this study. RESULTS A dose-response relationship between the FBG, HDL-c and CEA values and the PM2.5 exposure duration was observed. Multivariate analysis confirmed that one hour on duty outdoor per day for one year was associated with an increase in FBG of 0.005% (95% CI: 0.0004% to 0.009%), CEA of 0.012% (95% CI: 0.006% to 0.017%), and a decrease in HDL-C of 0.001% (95% CI: 0.00034% to 0.002%). CONCLUSION Long-term high air pollution exposure may lead to metabolism adaptation and it is likely involved in the development of cardiovascular disease and diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaochao Tan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410013, P.R. China
| | - Yupeng Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410013, P.R. China
| | - Mingyue Lin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410013, P.R. China
| | - Zhu Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410013, P.R. China
| | - Li He
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410013, P.R. China
| | - Zhiyi Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410013, P.R. China
| | - Yu Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410013, P.R. China
| | - Keqian Xu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410013, P.R. China.
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Ju W, Li X, Li Z, Wu GR, Fu XF, Yang XM, Zhang XQ, Gao XB. The effect of selenium supplementation on coronary heart disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2017; 44:8-16. [PMID: 28965605 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2017.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Revised: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Selenium is a crucial mineral with antioxidant and immune functions, and selenium deficiency may increase the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD). However, the effect of selenium supplementation on CHD is still controversial according to numerous randomized controlled trials (RCTs). The aim of our meta-analysis study was to investigate the impact of selenium on CHD. METHODS PUBMED, EMBASE, MEDLINE, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases were systematically searched to identify RCTs evaluating the effect of selenium supplementation on CHD mortality, blood lipid profile (high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and total cholesterol), serum C-reactive protein (CRP), and the level of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) from inception until September 20, 2016. Odds ratio of CHD mortality and the associated 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using the fixed effect model. Weighted mean difference or standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to determine the lipid profile, serum CRP, and GSH-PX using fixed effect or random effect models depending on the observed heterogeneity. RESULTS A total of 16 eligible RCTs with 43998 participants were included. Significant effects were observed for serum CRP (SMD=-0.48; 95% CI, -0.96 to 0; p=0.049) and GSH-PX (SMD=0.5; 95% CI, 0.36-0.64; p<0.001) after selenium supplementation. However, selenium supplementation was not statistically associated with CHD mortality and an aberrant lipid profile. CONCLUSION Selenium supplementation decreased serum CRP and increased the GSH-PX level, suggesting a positive effect on reducing oxidative stress and inflammation in CHD. However, selenium supplementation is not sufficient to reduce mortality and to improve the lipid status.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Ju
- Department of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, China
| | - X Li
- Department of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, China
| | - Z Li
- Department of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, China
| | - G R Wu
- Department of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, China
| | - X F Fu
- Department of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, China
| | - X M Yang
- Department of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, China
| | - X Q Zhang
- Laboratory of Physical and Chemical Inspection, Qingdao Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Qingdao 266011, Shandong Province, China
| | - X B Gao
- Department of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, China.
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Liu H, Xu H, Huang K. Selenium in the prevention of atherosclerosis and its underlying mechanisms. Metallomics 2017; 9:21-37. [PMID: 28009916 DOI: 10.1039/c6mt00195e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis and related cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) represent the greatest threats to human health worldwide. Selenium, an essential trace element, is incorporated into selenoproteins that play a crucial role in human health and disease. Although findings from a limited number of randomized trials have been inconsistent and cannot support a protective role of Se supplementation in CVDs, prospective observational studies have generally shown a significant inverse association between selenium or selenoprotein status and CVD risk. Furthermore, a benefit of selenium supplementation in the prevention of CVDs has been seen in population with low baseline selenium status. Evidence from animal studies shows consistent results that selenium and selenoproteins might prevent experimental atherosclerosis, which can be explained by the molecular and cellular effects of selenium observed both in animal models and cell cultures. Selenoproteins of particular relevance to atherosclerosis are glutathione peroxidases, thioredoxin reductase 1, selenoprotein P, selenoprotein S. The present review is focusing on the existing evidence that supports the concept that optimal selenium intake can prevent atherosclerosis. Its underlying mechanisms include inhibiting oxidative stress, modulating inflammation, suppressing endothelial dysfunction, and protecting vascular cells against apoptosis and calcification. However, the benefit of selenium supplementation in the prevention of atherosclerosis remains insufficiently documented so far. Future studies with regard to the effects of selenium supplementation on atherosclerosis should consider many factors, especially the baseline selenium status, the dose and forms of selenium supplementation, and the selenoprotein genotype. Additionally, much more studies are needed to confirm the roles of selenoproteins in atherosclerosis prevention and clarify the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China. and Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry & Materia Medica, Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Huibi Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China. and Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry & Materia Medica, Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaixun Huang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China. and Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry & Materia Medica, Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China
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Silva FB, Romero WG, Carvalho ALRDA, Souza GAA, Claudio ERG, Abreu GR. Effects of treatment with chemotherapy and/or tamoxifen on the biomarkers of cardiac injury and oxidative stress in women with breast cancer. Medicine (Baltimore) 2017; 96:e8723. [PMID: 29381962 PMCID: PMC5708961 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000008723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2017] [Revised: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
There has been an increase in deaths from cardiovascular diseases following breast cancer therapy. Evidence has shown that this outcome is, in part, associated with cardiotoxicity induced by the chemotherapeutic drugs and the increase in oxidative stress. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of chemotherapy and hormone therapy with tamoxifen on the biomarkers of cardiac injury and oxidative stress in women with breast cancer.Thirty women were followed-up for 1 year and were divided into 3 groups according to the treatment protocol: women treated only with tamoxifen and clinical follow up for 12 months (Tam, n = 10); women treated only with chemotherapy for 6 months with clinical follow up for an additional 6-month period (Chemo, n = 10); and women who received chemotherapy for 6 months followed by a 6-month period only with tamoxifen therapy and clinical follow up (Chemo + Tam, n = 10). Analysis of the blood levels of cardiac troponin I (cTnI), advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP) and the activity of the plasmatic isoform of the antioxidant enzyme glutathione peroxidase (GPx) was performed before treatment (T0) and at 6 (T6) and 12 (T12) months after treatment.The Chemo group showed higher levels of cTnI (0.065 ± 0.006 ng/mL, P < .05) and AOPP (4.99 ± 0.84 μmol/L, P < .05) and reduced GPx activity (24.4 ± 1.1 nM/min/mL, P < .05) at T12 than the Tam group (cTnI: 0.031 ± 0.001 ng/mL; AOPP: 1.40 ± 0.10 μmol/L; GPx: 28.0 ± 0.7 nM/min/mL) and Chemo + Tam group (cTnI: 0.037 ± 0.002 ng/mL; AOPP: 2.53 ± 0.30 μmol/L; GPx: 29.5 ± 1.0 nM/min/mL).These data support the hypothesis that long-term oxidative stress after chemotherapy may have an impact on cardiovascular diseases and that tamoxifen has cardioprotective effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Walckiria Garcia Romero
- Department of Nursing, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória-ES, Brazil
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Pastori D, Pignatelli P, Farcomeni A, Menichelli D, Nocella C, Carnevale R, Violi F. Aging-Related Decline of Glutathione Peroxidase 3 and Risk of Cardiovascular Events in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation. J Am Heart Assoc 2016; 5:e003682. [PMID: 27609361 PMCID: PMC5079030 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.116.003682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Experimental studies demonstrated that glutathione peroxidase 3 (GPx3), an antioxidant enzyme that catabolizes hydrogen peroxide, protects against thrombosis. Little is known about its role in cardiovascular disease. METHODS AND RESULTS A prospective cohort study was conducted in 909 atrial fibrillation patients. Serum activities of GPx3, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase were measured at baseline to assess the risk of cardiovascular events during a mean follow-up of 43.4 months (3291 person-years). Serum Nox2 and urinary excretion of 11-deydro-thromboxane B2 were also measured. During follow-up 160 cardiovascular events occurred (4.9%/year). Significantly lower values of GPx3 (P<0.001) and SOD (P=0.037) were detected in patients with, compared to those without, cardiovascular events. A lower survival rate was observed in patients with GPx3 (P<0.001) and SOD (P=0.010) activities below the median, as compared to those above. In a fully adjusted Cox regression model, GPx3 was the only antioxidant enzyme predictor of cardiovascular events (hazard ratio 0.647, 95% confidence interval 0.524-0.798, P<0.001). GPx3 was inversely associated with urinary 11-dehydro-thromboxane B2 (B -0.337, P<0.001) and serum Nox2 (B: -0.423, P<0.001). GPx3 activity progressively decreased with decades of age (P<0.001), with a progressive reduction in people aged ≥70 years. CONCLUSIONS This study provides evidence that a low antioxidant status, as depicted by reduced levels of GPx3, increases the risk of cardiovascular events in patients with atrial fibrillation. The age-related decline of GPx3 may represent a mechanism for the enhanced cardiovascular risk in the elderly population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Pastori
- I Clinica Medica, Atherothrombosis Centre, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Pasquale Pignatelli
- I Clinica Medica, Atherothrombosis Centre, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessio Farcomeni
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Danilo Menichelli
- I Clinica Medica, Atherothrombosis Centre, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Cristina Nocella
- I Clinica Medica, Atherothrombosis Centre, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Carnevale
- I Clinica Medica, Atherothrombosis Centre, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Violi
- I Clinica Medica, Atherothrombosis Centre, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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Salvamani S, Gunasekaran B, Shukor MY, Abu Bakar MZ, Ahmad SA. Phytochemical investigation, hypocholesterolemic and anti-atherosclerotic effects of Amaranthus viridis leaf extract in hypercholesterolemia-induced rabbits. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra04827g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypercholesterolemia is one of the main causes for coronary heart disease, which occurs due to high levels of serum cholesterol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamala Salvamani
- Department of Biochemistry
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences
- Universiti Putra Malaysia
- 43400 UPM Serdang
- Malaysia
| | - Baskaran Gunasekaran
- Department of Biochemistry
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences
- Universiti Putra Malaysia
- 43400 UPM Serdang
- Malaysia
| | - Mohd Yunus Shukor
- Department of Biochemistry
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences
- Universiti Putra Malaysia
- 43400 UPM Serdang
- Malaysia
| | - Md. Zuki Abu Bakar
- Department of Veterinary Pre Clinical
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine
- Universiti Putra Malaysia
- 43400 UPM Serdang
- Malaysia
| | - Siti Aqlima Ahmad
- Department of Biochemistry
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences
- Universiti Putra Malaysia
- 43400 UPM Serdang
- Malaysia
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Hypocholesterolemic and Antiatherosclerotic Potential of Basella alba Leaf Extract in Hypercholesterolemia-Induced Rabbits. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 2015:751714. [PMID: 26697097 PMCID: PMC4677185 DOI: 10.1155/2015/751714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Hypercholesterolemia is the major risk factor that leads to atherosclerosis. Nowadays, alternative treatment using medicinal plants gained much attention since the usage of statins leads to adverse health effects, especially liver and muscle toxicity. This study was designed to investigate the hypocholesterolemic and antiatherosclerotic effects of Basella alba (B. alba) using hypercholesterolemia-induced rabbits. Twenty New Zealand white rabbits were divided into 5 groups and fed with varying diets: normal diet, 2% high cholesterol diet (HCD), 2% HCD + 10 mg/kg simvastatin, 2% HCD + 100 mg/kg B. alba extract, and 2% HCD + 200 mg/kg B. alba extract, respectively. The treatment with B. alba extract significantly lowered the levels of total cholesterol, LDL, and triglycerides and increased HDL and antioxidant enzymes (SOD and GPx) levels. The elevated levels of liver enzymes (AST and ALT) and creatine kinase were noted in hypercholesterolemic and statin treated groups indicating liver and muscle injuries. Treatment with B. alba extract also significantly suppressed the aortic plaque formation and reduced the intima: media ratio as observed in simvastatin-treated group. This is the first in vivo study on B. alba that suggests its potential as an alternative therapeutic agent for hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerosis.
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Baccaurea angulata fruit inhibits lipid peroxidation and induces the increase in antioxidant enzyme activities. Eur J Nutr 2015; 55:1435-44. [DOI: 10.1007/s00394-015-0961-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 06/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Chen B, Lu Y, Chen Y, Cheng J. The role of Nrf2 in oxidative stress-induced endothelial injuries. J Endocrinol 2015; 225:R83-99. [PMID: 25918130 DOI: 10.1530/joe-14-0662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 275] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/24/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction is an important risk factor for cardiovascular disease, and it represents the initial step in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Failure to protect against oxidative stress-induced cellular damage accounts for endothelial dysfunction in the majority of pathophysiological conditions. Numerous antioxidant pathways are involved in cellular redox homeostasis, among which the nuclear factor-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1)-antioxidant response element (ARE) signaling pathway is perhaps the most prominent. Nrf2, a transcription factor with a high sensitivity to oxidative stress, binds to AREs in the nucleus and promotes the transcription of a wide variety of antioxidant genes. Nrf2 is located in the cytoskeleton, adjacent to Keap1. Keap1 acts as an adapter for cullin 3/ring-box 1-mediated ubiquitination and degradation of Nrf2, which decreases the activity of Nrf2 under physiological conditions. Oxidative stress causes Nrf2 to dissociate from Keap1 and to subsequently translocate into the nucleus, which results in its binding to ARE and the transcription of downstream target genes. Experimental evidence has established that Nrf2-driven free radical detoxification pathways are important endogenous homeostatic mechanisms that are associated with vasoprotection in the setting of aging, atherosclerosis, hypertension, ischemia, and cardiovascular diseases. The aim of the present review is to briefly summarize the mechanisms that regulate the Nrf2/Keap1-ARE signaling pathway and the latest advances in understanding how Nrf2 protects against oxidative stress-induced endothelial injuries. Further studies regarding the precise mechanisms by which Nrf2-regulated endothelial protection occurs are necessary for determining whether Nrf2 can serve as a therapeutic target in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Chen
- Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and ImmunologyMinistry of Health, Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No.1, Keyuan Road 4th, Wuhou District, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610041, People's Republic of ChinaDepartment of Human AnatomySchool of Basic Medical Sciences, Luzhou Medicine College, Luzhou, People's Republic of China Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and ImmunologyMinistry of Health, Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No.1, Keyuan Road 4th, Wuhou District, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610041, People's Republic of ChinaDepartment of Human AnatomySchool of Basic Medical Sciences, Luzhou Medicine College, Luzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanrong Lu
- Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and ImmunologyMinistry of Health, Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No.1, Keyuan Road 4th, Wuhou District, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610041, People's Republic of ChinaDepartment of Human AnatomySchool of Basic Medical Sciences, Luzhou Medicine College, Luzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Younan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and ImmunologyMinistry of Health, Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No.1, Keyuan Road 4th, Wuhou District, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610041, People's Republic of ChinaDepartment of Human AnatomySchool of Basic Medical Sciences, Luzhou Medicine College, Luzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingqiu Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and ImmunologyMinistry of Health, Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No.1, Keyuan Road 4th, Wuhou District, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610041, People's Republic of ChinaDepartment of Human AnatomySchool of Basic Medical Sciences, Luzhou Medicine College, Luzhou, People's Republic of China
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Mathew OP, Ranganna K, Milton SG. Involvement of the Antioxidant Effect and Anti-inflammatory Response in Butyrate-Inhibited Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2014; 7:1008-27. [PMID: 25390157 PMCID: PMC4246201 DOI: 10.3390/ph7111008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Revised: 09/15/2014] [Accepted: 10/31/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic mechanisms by altering the expression and, in turn, functions of target genes have potential to modify cellular processes that are characteristics of atherosclerosis, including inflammation, proliferation, migration and apoptosis/cell death. Butyrate, a natural epigenetic modifier and a histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi), is an inhibitor of vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation, a critical event in atherogenesis. Here, we examined whether glutathione peroxidases (GPxs), a family of antioxidant enzymes, are modulated by butyrate, contributing to its antiproliferation action on VSMC through the regulation of the inflammatory response by using western blotting, immunostaining methods and activity assay. Treatment of VSMC with butyrate not only upregulates glutathione peroxidase (GPx) 3 and GPx4, but also increases the overall catalytic activity of GPx supporting involvement of antioxidant effect in butyrate arrested VSMC proliferation. Moreover, analysis of the redox-sensitive NF-κB transcription factor system, the target of GPx, reveals that butyrate causes downregulation of IKKα, IKKβ, IkBα and NF-κBp65 expression and prevents NF-κBp65 phosphorylation at serine536 causing inhibition of the expression NF-κB target inflammatory genes, including inducible nitric oxide synthase, VCAM-1 and cyclooxygenase-2. Overall, these observations suggest a link between the antioxidant effect and anti-inflammatory response in butyrate-arrested VSMC proliferation, accentuating the atheroprotective and therapeutic potential of natural products, like butyrate, in vascular proliferative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omana P Mathew
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Texas Southern University, 3100 Cleburne St, Houston 77004, Texas, USA,.
| | - Kasturi Ranganna
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Texas Southern University, 3100 Cleburne St, Houston 77004, Texas, USA,.
| | - Shirlette G Milton
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Texas Southern University, 3100 Cleburne St, Houston 77004, Texas, USA,.
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Kader T, Porteous CM, Williams MJA, Gieseg SP, McCormick SPA. Ribose-cysteine increases glutathione-based antioxidant status and reduces LDL in human lipoprotein(a) mice. Atherosclerosis 2014; 237:725-33. [PMID: 25463112 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2014.10.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Revised: 10/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE D-ribose-L-cysteine (ribose-cysteine) is a cysteine analogue designed to increase the synthesis of glutathione (GSH). GSH is a cofactor for glutathione peroxidase (GPx), the redox enzyme that catalyses the reduction of lipid peroxides. A low GPx activity and increased oxidised lipids are associated with the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Here we aimed to investigate the effect of ribose-cysteine supplementation on GSH, GPx, lipid oxidation products and plasma lipids in vivo. METHODS Human lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] transgenic mice were treated with 4 mg/day ribose-cysteine (0.16 g/kg body weight) for 8 weeks. Livers and blood were harvested from treated and untreated controls (n = 9 per group) and GSH concentrations, GPx activity, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), 8-isoprostanes and plasma lipid concentrations were measured. RESULTS Ribose-cysteine increased GSH concentrations in the liver and plasma (P < 0.05). GPx activity was increased in both liver (1.7 fold, P < 0.01) and erythrocytes (3.5 fold, P < 0.05). TBARS concentrations in the liver, plasma and aortae were significantly reduced with ribose-cysteine (P < 0.01, P < 0.0005 and P < 0.01, respectively) as were the concentrations of 8-isoprostanes in the liver and aortae (P < 0.0005, P < 0.01, respectively). Ribose-cysteine treated mice showed significant decreases in LDL, Lp(a) and apoB concentrations (P < 0.05, P < 0.01 and P < 0.05, respectively), an effect which was associated with upregulation of the LDL receptor (LDLR). CONCLUSIONS As ribose-cysteine lowers LDL, Lp(a) and oxidised lipid concentrations, it might be an ideal intervention to increase protection against the development of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanjina Kader
- Department of Biochemistry, Otago School of Medical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Carolyn M Porteous
- Department of Biochemistry, Otago School of Medical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Michael J A Williams
- Department of Medicine, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Steven P Gieseg
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Sally P A McCormick
- Department of Biochemistry, Otago School of Medical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
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Roles of the Oxidative Stress and ADMA in the Development of Deep Venous Thrombosis. Biochem Res Int 2014; 2014:703128. [PMID: 24818025 PMCID: PMC4003758 DOI: 10.1155/2014/703128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2013] [Revised: 03/13/2014] [Accepted: 03/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Venous thromboembolism has multifactorial origin and occurs in the context of complex interactions between environmental and genetic predisposing factors. Oxidative stress plays an important role in the physiopathology of venous thrombosis. Current study examined the role of oxidative stress and asymmetric dimethylarginine in the development of DVT with the parameters such as serum malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), catalase, ADMA, homocysteine, folic acid, vitamin B6, and vitamin B12 levels. Serum MDA levels were found significantly (P < 0.005) high in patients with DVT compared with control group. Additionally, serum B6 levels were found significantly (P < 0.009) low in patients with DVT compared with healthy volunteers. There were no significant differences between the groups in terms of the other parameters (P > 0.05). This study showed that patients with DVT have increased oxidative stress compared with the healthy volunteers whereas there was no significant difference between the groups in terms of serum ADMA levels. Thus serum ADMA levels seemed to be not related with development of DVT.
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Latorre E, Mendoza C, Layunta E, Alcalde AI, Mesonero JE. TLR2, TLR3, and TLR4 activation specifically alters the oxidative status of intestinal epithelial cells. Cell Stress Chaperones 2014; 19:289-93. [PMID: 24068346 PMCID: PMC3933612 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-013-0461-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2013] [Revised: 09/03/2013] [Accepted: 09/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Intestinal inflammatory diseases are the result of multiple processes, including mucosal oxidative stress and perturbed homeostasis between commensal bacteria and mucosal immunity. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) recognize molecular-associated microorganisms' patterns and trigger innate immunity responses contributing to intestinal homeostasis and inflammatory responses. However, TLRs effects on redox balance in intestinal mucosa remain unknown. Therefore, the present study analyzes the effect of TLR2, TLR3, and TLR4 on both oxidative damage of lipids and proteins, and the activity of antioxidant enzymes in enterocyte-like Caco-2 cells. The results show that the activation of these TLRs increased lipid and protein oxidation levels; however, the effect on the antioxidant enzymes activity is different depending on the TLR activated. These results suggest that the activation of TLR2, TLR3, and TLR4 might affect intestinal inflammation by not only their inherent innate immunity responses, but also their pro-oxidative effects on intestinal epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Latorre
- />Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Zaragoza, Miguel Servet 177, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Carmen Mendoza
- />Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Zaragoza, Miguel Servet 177, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
- />Department of Basic Sciences. Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University Centroccidental Lisandro Alvarado, Núcleo Hector Ochoa Zuleta, Tarabana, Estado Lara Venezuela
| | - Elena Layunta
- />Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Zaragoza, Miguel Servet 177, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Ana I. Alcalde
- />Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Zaragoza, Miguel Servet 177, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - José E. Mesonero
- />Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Zaragoza, Miguel Servet 177, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
- />Departamento de Farmacología y Fisiología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Miguel Servet 177, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
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Kumar H, Kim IS, More SV, Kim BW, Choi DK. Natural product-derived pharmacological modulators of Nrf2/ARE pathway for chronic diseases. Nat Prod Rep 2014; 31:109-39. [DOI: 10.1039/c3np70065h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 248] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Brucker N, Moro AM, Charão MF, Durgante J, Freitas F, Baierle M, Nascimento S, Gauer B, Bulcão RP, Bubols GB, Ferrari PD, Thiesen FV, Gioda A, Duarte MMMF, de Castro I, Saldiva PH, Garcia SC. Biomarkers of occupational exposure to air pollution, inflammation and oxidative damage in taxi drivers. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2013; 463-464:884-93. [PMID: 23872245 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.06.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2013] [Revised: 05/27/2013] [Accepted: 06/24/2013] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to environmental pollutants has been recognised as a risk factor for cardiovascular events. 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OHP) is a biomarker of exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from traffic-related air pollution. Experimental studies indicate that PAH exposure could be associated with inflammation and atherogenesis. Thus, the purpose of this study was to evaluate whether the biomarker of PAH exposure is associated with biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress and if these effects modulate the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases in workers exposed to air pollution. This study included 60 subjects, comprising 39 taxi drivers and 21 non-occupationally exposed persons. Environmental PM2.5 and benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) levels, in addition to biomarkers of exposure and oxidative damage, were determined. Inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, IFN-γ and hs-CRP) and serum levels of oxidised LDL (ox-LDL), auto-antibodies (ox-LDL-Ab) and homocysteine (Hcy) were also evaluated. PM2.5 and BaP exhibited averages of 12.4±6.9 μg m(-3) and 1.0±0.6 ng m(-3), respectively. Urinary 1-OHP levels were increased in taxi drivers compared to the non-occupationally exposed subjects (p<0.05) and were positively correlated with pro-inflammatory cytokines and negatively correlated with antioxidants. Furthermore, taxi drivers had elevated pro-inflammatory cytokines, biomarkers of oxidative damage, and ox-LDL, ox-LDL-Ab and Hcy levels, although antioxidant enzymes were decreased compared to the non-occupationally exposed subjects (p<0.05). In summary, our findings indicate that taxi drivers showed major exposure to pollutants, such as PAHs, in relation to non-occupationally exposed subjects. This finding was associated with higher inflammatory biomarkers and Hcy, which represent important predictors for cardiovascular events. These data suggest a contribution of PAHs to cardiovascular diseases upon occupational exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natália Brucker
- Post-graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Laboratory of Toxicology (LATOX), Department of Clinical Analysis, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Daien V, Carriere I, Kawasaki R, Cristol JP, Villain M, Fesler P, Ritchie K, Delcourt C. Retinal vascular caliber is associated with cardiovascular biomarkers of oxidative stress and inflammation: the POLA study. PLoS One 2013; 8:e71089. [PMID: 23923054 PMCID: PMC3724806 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0071089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2013] [Accepted: 06/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Retinal vascular caliber has been linked with increased cardiovascular risk and is predictive of cardiovascular pathology, including stroke and coronary heart disease. Oxidative stress, as well as inflammatory mechanisms, plays a major role in the pathogenesis and progression of atherosclerosis, plaque rupture and vascular thrombotic propensity. The purpose of this study is to explore the relationship between retinal vascular calibers and biomarkers of oxidative stress and inflammation, in subjects free of cardiovascular pathology. Patients and Methods Cross-sectional analysis from a community-dwelling cohort comprising 1224 individuals aged 60 years and over, without a history of coronary or peripheral artery disease or stroke. Retinal vascular caliber was measured from fundus photographs using semi-automated standardized imaging software. Oxidative stress was evaluated using plasma superoxide dismutase 2 and glutathione peroxidase (GPx-3) activities, and inflammatory state was assessed using plasma high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and orosomucoid. Results In a multivariate model controlling for cardiovascular risk factors, larger retinal arteriolar caliber was independently related to higher level of GPx-3 activity (p = 0.003) whereas larger venular caliber was associated with higher levels of hsCRP (p = 0.0001) and orosomucoid (p = 0.01). Conclusion In the present study, biomarkers of oxidative stress regulation and inflammation were independently associated with retinal vascular calibers. This suggests that an assessment of retinal vessels may offer early and non-invasive detection of subclinical vascular pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Daien
- Inserm, U1061, Montpellier, France
- Université Montpellier 1, U1061, Montpellier, France
- Department of Ophthalmology, Gui De Chauliac Hospital, Montpellier, France
| | - Isabelle Carriere
- Inserm, U1061, Montpellier, France
- Université Montpellier 1, U1061, Montpellier, France
| | - Ryo Kawasaki
- Department of Public Health, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Jean-Paul Cristol
- Department of Biochemistry, Lapeyronie Hospital, Montpellier, France
| | - Max Villain
- Department of Ophthalmology, Gui De Chauliac Hospital, Montpellier, France
| | - Pierre Fesler
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hôpital Lapeyronie, Montpellier, France
| | - Karen Ritchie
- Inserm, U1061, Montpellier, France
- Université Montpellier 1, U1061, Montpellier, France
- Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, St Mary's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Cecile Delcourt
- Inserm, Centre Inserm U897-Epidemiologie-Biostatistique, Bordeaux, France
- Université Bordeaux, ISPED, Bordeaux, France
- * E-mail:
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Nrf2 and cardiovascular defense. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2013; 2013:104308. [PMID: 23691261 PMCID: PMC3649703 DOI: 10.1155/2013/104308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2013] [Revised: 03/15/2013] [Accepted: 03/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The cardiovascular system is susceptible to a group of diseases that are responsible for a larger proportion of morbidity and mortality than any other disease. Many cardiovascular diseases are associated with a failure of defenses against oxidative stress-induced cellular damage and/or death, leading to organ dysfunction. The pleiotropic transcription factor, nuclear factor-erythroid (NF-E) 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), regulates the expression of antioxidant enzymes and proteins through the antioxidant response element. Nrf2 is an important component in antioxidant defenses in cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis, hypertension, and heart failure. Nrf2 is also involved in protection against oxidant stress during the processes of ischemia-reperfusion injury and aging. However, evidence suggests that Nrf2 activity does not always lead to a positive outcome and may accelerate the pathogenesis of some cardiovascular diseases (e.g., atherosclerosis). The precise conditions under which Nrf2 acts to attenuate or stimulate cardiovascular disease processes are unclear. Further studies on the cellular environments related to cardiovascular diseases that influence Nrf2 pathways are required before Nrf2 can be considered a therapeutic target for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
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