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Kim E, Yeo H, Choi YJ. The impact of resilience and coping strategies on depressive symptoms among Korean American older adults during COVID-19. Aging Ment Health 2024:1-9. [PMID: 39192708 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2024.2396554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study examined how resilience and coping strategies were associated with depressive symptoms among Korean American older adults during COVID-19. The prevalent depressive symptoms and low use of mental health services in this population have raised significant concerns among healthcare professionals. Therefore, this study aims to understand the relationships between resilience and coping types on depressive symptoms and provide valuable insights into addressing these issues within this ethnic group. METHOD A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 132 Korean American older adults. Hierarchical linear regression analyses were performed to assess the effect of sociodemographic factors (age, gender, marital status, years of living in the U.S., self-rated health, financial security), resilience, and coping strategies (problem-focused coping, emotion-focused coping, avoidant coping) on depressive symptoms. Next, the interactions between resilience and three coping strategies for depressive symptoms were tested. RESULTS The findings show that depressive symptoms were associated with financial security and avoidant coping. Also, resilience interacted with avoidant coping and emotion-focused coping. Among the participants with low resilience, depressive symptoms increased rapidly when avoidant and emotion-focused coping strategies increased, respectively. CONCLUSION This study emphasizes the importance of culturally tailored interventions to promote resilience and decrease avoidant and emotion-focused coping among Korean American older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunhye Kim
- Pamplin College of Arts, Humanities, and Social Sciences Department of Social Sciences, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Hyesu Yeo
- School of Social Work, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Y Joon Choi
- School of Social Work, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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AliSher AN, Atta S, Yaqoob A, Ahmed T, Meherali S. A Concept Analysis of Maternal Resilience against Pregnancy-Related Mental Health Challenges in Low- and Middle-Income Countries. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:1555. [PMID: 39201115 PMCID: PMC11353920 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12161555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2024] [Revised: 07/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Suicide accounts for 33% of deaths of women during the postnatal period in many low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Resilience refers to an ability to adapt and recover from adversity or misfortune. Resilience building against mental health challenges during pregnancy and the postnatal period is critical for women to raise their child efficiently and maintain a healthy life. The exploration of maternal resilience against mental health challenges including its developmental processes and the determinants of its successful or unsuccessful cultivation among mothers during pregnancy and childbirth is of paramount importance. Understanding why a subset of mothers effectively develops resilience while others significantly struggle is critical for devising targeted interventions and support mechanisms aimed at improving maternal well-being. This inquiry not only seeks to delineate the factors that contribute to or hinder the development of resilience but also aims to inform the creation of comprehensive support systems that can bolster maternal health outcomes. This paper endeavors to present a comprehensive analysis of maternal resilience, aiming to cultivate a nuanced and profound understanding of the concept within the framework of previous traumatic events and adverse pregnancy outcomes in LMICs. The eight-step method approach proposed by Walker and Avant was utilized for this concept analysis. Several defining attributes were identified in the analysis including social adaptation, support system, optimistic approach, and mindfulness. This analysis contributes to knowledge advancement regarding maternal resilience and provides nurses and other healthcare professionals with a clear understanding of the concept of maternal resilience to help promote resilience among mothers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anila Naz AliSher
- Faculty of Nursing, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada;
| | - Samia Atta
- College of Nursing, University of Health Sciences, Dera Ghazi Khan 03222, Pakistan;
| | - Adnan Yaqoob
- Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, Lahore 54780, Pakistan;
| | - Tanseer Ahmed
- Division of Nursing, Midwifery, and Social Work, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK;
| | - Salima Meherali
- Faculty of Nursing, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada;
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Gaboardi M, Naddeo D, Meneghini AM, Lenzi M, Canale N, Stanzani S, Santinello M. Yes, I will do it! Factors promoting the intention to volunteer after COVID-19 pandemic in Italy. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 2024; 59:471-475. [PMID: 38243755 DOI: 10.1002/ijop.13110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
This cross-sectional study assessed the extent to which the intention to volunteer after the COVID-19 pandemic is associated with resilience, post-traumatic growth, and community service self-efficacy in a representative Italian sample (N = 295; Mage = 44.77; SD = 14.79; range = 18-83 years; 53.22% men). The model tested through a path analysis revealed a positive association between community service self-efficacy and intention to continue volunteering. Multi-group comparisons revealed that this relationship was maintained in participants who were active volunteers, while in the group of former volunteers, only a positive association between post-traumatic growth and intention to volunteer was found. This study contributed to highlight the importance of community service self-efficacy and post-traumatic growth in the volunteering experience and the intention to continue volunteering in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Gaboardi
- Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Davide Naddeo
- Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Michela Lenzi
- Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Natale Canale
- Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Sandro Stanzani
- Department of Human Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Massimo Santinello
- Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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Elyoseph Z, Levi-Belz Y, Shimoni Y, Levkovich I. Exploring Post-Traumatic Growth Among Young Adults Coping With Parental Loss: The Role of Resilience and of Willingness to Seek Psychological Help. OMEGA-JOURNAL OF DEATH AND DYING 2024:302228241254559. [PMID: 38776395 DOI: 10.1177/00302228241254559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
This study examined the roles of resilience and willingness to seek psychological help in influencing Post-Traumatic Growth (PTG) among 173 emerging adults who experienced parental loss during their school years. A positive relationship was found between resilience, the willingness to seek psychological help, and PTG. Participants who endured loss over five years prior manifested increased PTG (New-Possibilities, Spiritual Change, and Appreciation of Life sub-scales) relative to those with more recent losses. The multiple regression model was notable, accounting for 33% of the variance in PTG. Both resilience and the willingness to seek psychological help assistance significantly predicted PTG, surpassing other predictors in the model. It is worth noting that the type of loss, whether sudden or anticipated, did not alter PTG levels. In essence, this study underscores the enduring positive psychological impact of parental loss on emerging adults, highlighting the critical need for comprehensive psychological resources and support for such individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohar Elyoseph
- The Center for Psychobiological Research, Department of Psychology and Educational Counseling, Max Stern Yezreel Valley College, Emek Yezreel, Israel
- Department of Brain Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Yossi Levi-Belz
- The Lior Tsfaty Center for Suicide and Mental Pain Studies, Ruppin Academic Center, Emek Hefer, Israel
| | - Yoav Shimoni
- Department of Education and Psychology, The Open University of Israel, Ra'anana, Israel
| | - Inbar Levkovich
- Faculty of Graduate Studies, Oranim Academic College, Kiryat Tiv'on, Israel
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Sobhani S, Jamilian H, Paknejad I. Prediction of resilience based on parenting and coping strategies in patients with psychosomatic disorders. BMC Psychol 2024; 12:280. [PMID: 38764081 PMCID: PMC11103833 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-024-01784-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The present research was conducted aiming at predicting the resilience based on parenting and coping strategies in patients with psychosomatic disorders. The statistical population of the present research consisted of all patients suffering from psychosomatic disorders who had visited medical clinics related to Medical Sciences (University) of Arak County in 2019-20. The statistical sample includes 347 women, aged 18 to 55 years-old, who were selected by available sampling. Data collection tool included Young parenting, Moss and Billings coping strategies questionnaire and Connor and Davidson resilience questionnaire. Pearson's correlation coefficient and multiple regression analysis were used to analyze the data. The findings showed that parenting (dependency, preoccupied/untransformed self) have a negative and significant relationship with resilience. Coping strategies focused on emotion, coping focused on physical restraint or physicalization of problems have a negative and significant relationship with resilience and have a positive and significant relationship with coping strategies focused on problem-solving and coping focused on cognitive evaluation. According to the findings, it can be concluded that it is possible to pave the way for increasing resilience and preventing the development of psychosomatic disorders by creating suitable conditions during the childhood, improving parent-child relationships, and by strengthening coping strategies focused on problem-solving and coping focused on cognitive evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sogand Sobhani
- Master of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Iran, Arak
| | - Hamidreza Jamilian
- Department of Psychiatry, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran.
| | - Iman Paknejad
- Master of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Iran, Arak
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DeFoor MT, Cognetti DJ, Bedi A, Carmack DB, Arner JW, DeFroda S, Ernat JJ, Frangiamore SJ, Nuelle CW, Sheean AJ. Patient Resilience Does Not Conclusively Affect Clinical Outcomes Associated With Arthroscopic Surgery but Substantial Limitations of the Literature Exist. Arthrosc Sports Med Rehabil 2024; 6:100812. [PMID: 38379604 PMCID: PMC10877194 DOI: 10.1016/j.asmr.2023.100812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose To determine whether low resilience is predictive of worse patient-reported outcomes (PROs) or diminished improvements in clinical outcomes after joint preserving and arthroscopic surgery. Methods A comprehensive search of PubMed, Medline, Embase, and Science Direct was performed on September 28, 2022, for studies investigating the relationship between resilience and PROs after arthroscopic surgery in accordance with the Preferred Reported Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses guidelines. Results Nine articles (level II-IV studies) were included in the final analysis. A total of 887 patients (54% male, average age 45 years) underwent arthroscopic surgery, including general knee (n = 3 studies), ACLR-only knee (n = 1 study), rotator cuff repair (n = 4 studies), and hip (n = 1 study). The Brief Resilience Scale was the most common instrument measuring resilience in 7 of 9 studies (78%). Five of 9 studies (56%) stratified patients based on high, normal, or low resilience cohorts, and these stratification threshold values differed between studies. Only 4 of 9 studies (44%) measured PROs both before and after surgery. Three of 9 studies (33%) reported rates of return to activity, with 2 studies (22%) noting high resilience to be associated with a higher likelihood of return to sport/duty, specifically after knee arthroscopy. However, significant associations between resilience and functional outcomes were not consistently observed, nor was resilience consistently observed to be predictive of subjects' capacity to return to a preinjury level of function. Conclusions Patient resilience is inconsistently demonstrated to affect clinical outcomes associated with joint preserving and arthroscopic surgery. However, substantial limitations in the existing literature including underpowered sample sizes, lack of standardization in stratifying patients based on pretreatment resilience, and inconsistent collection of PROs throughout the continuum of care, diminish the strength of most conclusions that have been drawn. Level of Evidence Level IV, systematic review of level II-IV studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Asheesh Bedi
- NorthShore University Health System, Skokie, Illinois
| | | | - Justin W. Arner
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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Garcia P, Block A, Mark S, Mackin L, Paul SM, Cooper BA, Conley YP, Hammer MJ, Levine JD, Miaskowski C. Higher Levels of Multiple Types of Stress Are Associated With Worse State Anxiety and Morning Fatigue Profiles in Patients Receiving Chemotherapy. Cancer Nurs 2024:00002820-990000000-00209. [PMID: 38259094 PMCID: PMC11263502 DOI: 10.1097/ncc.0000000000001304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anxiety and fatigue are common problems in patients receiving chemotherapy. Unrelieved stress is a potential cause for the co-occurrence of these symptoms. OBJECTIVES The aims of this study were to identify subgroups of patients with distinct state anxiety and morning fatigue profiles and evaluate for differences among these subgroups in demographic and clinical characteristics, as well as measures of global, cancer-specific, and cumulative life stress and resilience and coping. METHODS Patients (n = 1335) completed measures of state anxiety and morning fatigue 6 times over 2 cycles of chemotherapy. All of the other measures were completed prior to the second or third cycle of chemotherapy. Latent profile analysis was used to identify the state anxiety and morning fatigue profiles. RESULTS Three distinct joint profiles were identified: Low Anxiety and Low Morning Fatigue (59%), Moderate Anxiety and Moderate Morning Fatigue (33.4%), and High Anxiety and High Morning Fatigue (7.6%). Patients in the 2 highest classes were younger, were less likely to be married/partnered, and had a higher comorbidity burden. All of the stress scores demonstrated a dose-response effect (ie, as anxiety and morning fatigue profiles worsened, stress increased). Patients in the 2 highest classes reported higher rates of emotional abuse, physical neglect, physical abuse, and sexual harassment. CONCLUSIONS More than 40% of these patients experienced moderate to high levels of both anxiety and morning fatigue. Higher levels of all 3 types of stress were associated with the 2 highest profiles. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Clinicians need to perform comprehensive evaluations of patients' levels of stress and recommend referrals to psychosocial services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Garcia
- Author Affiliations: School of Nursing, University of California, San Francisco (Mr Garcia, Ms Block, and Drs Mark, Mackin, Paul, Cooper, and Miaskowski); School of Nursing, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (Dr Conley); Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts (Dr Hammer); School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco (Drs Miaskowski and Levine)
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Franceschi L, Small N, Goldsby T, Goldsby M, Padamada S, Ziegler MG, Mills PJ. The Groundswell Community Surf Therapy Intervention for At-Risk Women and Changes in Body Acceptance, Resilience, and Emotional Regulation. GLOBAL ADVANCES IN INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE AND HEALTH 2024; 13:27536130241278970. [PMID: 39219712 PMCID: PMC11365036 DOI: 10.1177/27536130241278970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 08/06/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Background Surf therapy combines physical activity with social support to provide a healing environment. Objective This exploratory pre-to post-intervention study examined the effects of a novel surf therapy program for women who experienced abuse, trauma, and/or mental illness on emotional regulation, resilience, body acceptance, and gratitude. Methods Twenty-seven women (ages 25 to 54; mean 36.32 + SD 7.79) participated in an 8-week Groundswell Surf Therapy Program held in four different coastal cities in California. Standardized self-report questionnaires were administered prior to and following the therapy program, including the Body Acceptance Scale, the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC), the Affective Style Questionnaire, and the Gratitude Questionnaire-Six-Item Form (GQ-6) in a pre-post study design. Data were analyzed by repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results Body acceptance [P < 0.001; partial Eta squared = 0.472] and resilience were increased [P = 0.005; partial Eta squared = 0.319] following the surf therapy intervention. Emotional regulation was examined according to three subscales, with the adjust [P < 0.001; partial Eta squared = 0.397] and tolerate [P < 0.001; partial Eta squared = 0.299] subscales increasing following the intervention, and the conceal subscale [P = 0.459; partial Eta squared = 0.031] remaining unchanged. Gratitude scores were unchanged [P = 0.425; partial Eta squared = 0.026]. Conclusion A surf therapy program rooted in somatic and trauma-informed models was associated with improved resilience, emotional regulation, and body acceptance in at-risk women.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tamara Goldsby
- Center of Excellence for Research and Training in Integrative Health, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Michael Goldsby
- Center of Excellence for Research and Training in Integrative Health, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - Michael G. Ziegler
- Department of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Paul J Mills
- Center of Excellence for Research and Training in Integrative Health, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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Galanis P, Psomiadi ME, Karagkounis C, Liamopoulou P, Manomenidis G, Panayiotou G, Bellali T. Psychometric Properties of the Greek Version of the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC-10) in a Sample of Nurses. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:6752. [PMID: 37754611 PMCID: PMC10531141 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20186752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Resilience has been defined as one's ability to maintain a mental health state and overall well-being when undergoing grave stress or facing significant adversity. Numerous resilience-investigating research tools have been developed over the years, with the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC), a self-rated tool presenting valuable psychometric properties, remaining one of the most prominent. We aimed to translate and validate the brief CD-RISC-10 in a convenience sample of 584 nurses in Greece's secondary and tertiary health care system. We conducted a confirmatory factor analysis and known-groups validity test and estimated the reliability of the CD-RISC-10. Our confirmatory factor analysis revealed that the scale had a unifactorial structure since all the model fit indices were very good. Moreover, the reliability of the CD-RISC-10 was very good since the acquired Cronbach's alpha and McDonald's omega were 0.924 and 0.925, respectively. Therefore, the Greek version of the CD-RISC-10 confirmed the factor structure of the original scale and had very good validity and reliability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petros Galanis
- Clinical Epidemiology Laboratory, Faculty of Nursing, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Elissavet Psomiadi
- Directorate of Operational Preparedness for Public Health Emergencies, Greek Ministry of Health, 10433 Athens, Greece
| | | | - Polyxeni Liamopoulou
- Department of Nursing, School of Health Sciences, International Hellenic University, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Georgios Manomenidis
- Nursing Department (Didimoteicho Branch), International Hellenic University, 57400 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Georgios Panayiotou
- Laboratory of Exercise, Health and Human Performance, Applied Sport Science Postgraduate Program, Department of Life Sciences, School of Sciences, European University Cyprus, Nicosia P.O. Box 22006, Cyprus;
| | - Thalia Bellali
- Department of Nursing, School of Health Sciences, International Hellenic University, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece
- Department of Health Sciences, School of Sciences, European University Cyprus, 6, Diogenes Str. Engomi, CY-2404, Nicosia P.O. Box 22006, Cyprus
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Jubin J, Delmas P, Gilles I, Oulevey Bachmann A, Ortoleva Bucher C. Factors protecting Swiss nurses' health during the COVID-19 pandemic: a longitudinal study. BMC Nurs 2023; 22:306. [PMID: 37674166 PMCID: PMC10483854 DOI: 10.1186/s12912-023-01468-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic reached Europe in early 2020 and impacted nurses over a prolonged period, notably causing heavy work overloads. Exposure to sources of stress in such situations is inevitable, which can put nurses' health at risk. The present study took a salutogenic approach to investigating nurses' health and the principal factors protecting it found in the literature (i.e., resilience, post-traumatic growth, social support, and certain organizational factors), as well as how those elements evolved from February 2021 to September 2022. METHODS All nurses working at eight French-speaking Swiss hospitals who accepted to disseminate the study to their employees were invited to complete an online questionnaire at four time points (February 2021, September 2021, March 2022, and September 2022: T0, T1, T2, and T3, respectively) and respond to items measuring their health, factors protecting their health, and their perceived stress levels. Data were analyzed using random-intercept linear regression models. RESULTS A cumulated total of 1013 responses were collected over all measurement points (625 responses at T0; 153 at T1; 146 at T2; 89 at T3). Results revealed that nurses' health had not changed significantly between measurements. However, their perceived stress levels, feelings of being supported by their management hierarchies, and belief that they had the means to deliver a high quality of work all diminished. At every measurement point, nurses' health was negatively associated with perceived stress and positively associated with resilience, perceived social support, and the belief that they were provided with the means to deliver a high quality of work. CONCLUSION Despite the difficult conditions caused by the pandemic, the factors recognized as protective of nurses' health played their role. The lack of improvements in nurses' health in periods when the pandemic's effects lessened suggests that the pressure they were experiencing did not drop during these moments. This phenomenon may have been due to the need to clear backlogs in scheduled surgery and the work overloads caused by prolonged staff absences and nurses quitting the profession. Monitoring changes in nurses' health is thus crucial, as is establishing measures that promote factors protective of their health. Organizational factors influencing nurses' working conditions are also key and should not be neglected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Jubin
- La Source School of Nursing, HES-SO University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland, Av. Vinet 30, Lausanne, 1004, Switzerland.
| | - Philippe Delmas
- La Source School of Nursing, HES-SO University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland, Av. Vinet 30, Lausanne, 1004, Switzerland
| | - Ingrid Gilles
- Lausanne University Hospital, Rue de Bugnon 21, Lausanne, CH-1011, Switzerland
| | - Annie Oulevey Bachmann
- La Source School of Nursing, HES-SO University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland, Av. Vinet 30, Lausanne, 1004, Switzerland
| | - Claudia Ortoleva Bucher
- La Source School of Nursing, HES-SO University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland, Av. Vinet 30, Lausanne, 1004, Switzerland
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Chung DXY, Loo YE, Kwan YH, Phang JK, Woon TH, Goh WR, Angkodjojo S, Fong W. Association of anxiety, depression and resilience with overall health and functioning in axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA): a cross-sectional study. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e071944. [PMID: 37156581 PMCID: PMC10174021 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-071944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the association between anxiety, depression and resilience with overall health and functioning in axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA). DESIGN Cross-sectional evaluation of baseline data from a prospective cohort study, with recruitment from January 2018 to March 2021. SETTING Outpatient clinic in a tertiary hospital in Singapore. PARTICIPANTS Patients aged 21 years and above who were diagnosed with axSpA. OUTCOME MEASURES The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) was used for assessing anxiety and depression, 10-item Connor Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC-10) for resilience, Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI) for disease activity, Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index (BASFI) for functional limitation and Assessment of SpondyloArthritis International Society Health Index (ASAS HI) for overall health and functioning. Univariable and multivariable linear regression analyses were performed to assess the association between anxiety, depression and resilience with health and functioning. RESULTS We included 296 patients in this study. The median (IQR) score for HADS-Anxiety was 5.0 (2.0-8.0), with 13.5% and 13.9% having borderline abnormal and abnormal anxiety, respectively. The median (IQR) score for HADS-Depression was 3.0 (1.0-7.0), with 12.8% and 8.4% having borderline abnormal and abnormal depression, respectively. The median (IQR) CD-RISC-10 score was 29.0 (23.0-32.0) while the median (IQR) ASAS HI score was 4.0 (2.0-7.0). Apart from BASDAI, BASFI and disease duration, anxiety and depression were associated with overall health and functioning (β: 0.12, 95% CI 0.03, 0.20; β: 0.20, 95% CI 0.09, 0.31) in the multivariable linear regression. Level of resilience was not associated with health and functioning. CONCLUSION Anxiety and depression, but not resilience, were associated with poorer health and functioning. Clinicians could consider routinely screening for anxiety and depression in their patients, especially in patients with more severe symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ying Ern Loo
- Department of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yu Heng Kwan
- Program in Health Services and Systems Research, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jie Kie Phang
- Centre for Population Health Research and Implementation, SingHealth Regional Health System, Singapore
| | - Ting Hui Woon
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Wei Rui Goh
- Department of General Medicine (Rheumatology), Sengkang General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Stanley Angkodjojo
- Department of General Medicine (Rheumatology), Sengkang General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Warren Fong
- Department of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
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Kira IA, Alpay EH, Shuwiekh HAM, Türkeli A. A type
III
continuous trauma perspective on the effects of increased ongoing hostility, discrimination, community violence and poverty on refugees' mental health and cognitive functioning: A longitudinal study. JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY & APPLIED SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/casp.2693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
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Norton J, Gandubert C, Chaudieu I, Pellissier S, Gaultier S. Association between uncertainty regarding right-to-stay and mental health in unaccompanied and separated migrant children (UASC) reaching adulthood: findings from France. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2023:10.1007/s00127-023-02442-y. [PMID: 36806952 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-023-02442-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE There is substantial evidence suggesting high levels of mental health problems in unaccompanied and separated children (UASC). However, there is less focus on the first years of adulthood characterised by increased vulnerability and fear of expulsion. We aimed to describe the mental health of UASC on reaching adulthood, and how this was affected by uncertainty regarding their right-to-stay in France. METHODS One hundred and ten youth aged 18-22 were recruited via child protection reception centres. We administered the Patient Health Questionnaire somatic (PHQ-15), anxiety (GAD-7) and depression (PHQ-9) modules, the Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist (PCL-5) and Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC-10). Logistic regression analysis was performed with the dependent variable, a secure (versus uncertain) situation, defined as (1) detaining a residence permit and being in school, an apprenticeship or a salaried job, or (2) waiting for residence permit whilst occupying a salaried job. RESULTS Of the sample, 19.3% reached criteria for a probable somatic disorder, 17.6% for anxiety and 28.7% for depression (score ≥ 10); 41.8% were in an uncertain situation regarding their right-to-stay. Uncertainty was associated with higher anxiety ((OR per Interquartile range (95% CI), 1.77 (1.05-2.98)) and post-traumatic stress symptoms (2.05 (1.06-4.00)), lower resilience (0.50 (0.27-0.91)), and participants rating their anxiety (p = 0.02) and depressive symptoms (p = 0.003) as more severe since reaching adulthood. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest uncertainty regarding right-to-stay is associated with increased mental health symptoms, specifically anxiety and trauma-induced stress, thereby highlighting the vulnerability of UASC in their first years of adulthood. This calls for greater support during this transition period with regular symptom monitoring for timely psychological interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Norton
- INM, University of Montpellier, INSERM, 80 rue Auguste Fliche, 34000, Montpellier, France.
| | - Catherine Gandubert
- INM, University of Montpellier, INSERM, 80 rue Auguste Fliche, 34000, Montpellier, France
| | - Isabelle Chaudieu
- INM, University of Montpellier, INSERM, 80 rue Auguste Fliche, 34000, Montpellier, France
| | - Sonia Pellissier
- LIP/PC2S, University Savoie Mont-Blanc, University Grenoble Alpes, Chambery, France
| | - Sydney Gaultier
- LIP/PC2S, University Savoie Mont-Blanc, University Grenoble Alpes, Chambery, France
- Service of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
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14
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Chiu HC, Lin CY, Kuo YL, Hou WL, Shu BC. Resilience among women with breast cancer surviving longer than five years: The relationship with illness perception and body image. Eur J Oncol Nurs 2023; 62:102254. [PMID: 36621263 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejon.2022.102254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to investigate the correlations and identify the relationships between the resilience, perception of illness and body image of women with breast cancer in the 5-year-or-above survivorship. METHODS We used convenient sampling to recruit from an outpatient department 106 women with breast cancer. The inclusion criteria were participants aged >20 years currently in a stable condition and were able to understand the Chinese language. Those women with mental health illness were excluded. All participants completed questionnaires on the following: demographic information, revision of illness perception (IPQ-R), body image scale (BIS), Eysenck personality questionnaire (EPQ), and resilience scale (RS). We conducted the structural equation modeling (SEM) to explore the factor structure. RESULTS SEM results showed a good fit to the data (comparative fit index = 0.97, Tucker-Lewis index = 0.94). Findings F indicated the existence of significant relationships between resilience and either illness perception or body image. Personality had a direct association with illness perception (β = 0.73, P < 0.05). Body image had an indirect effect on the relationship between resilience and illness perception (coefficient = -2.52; 95% bootstrapping CI = -31.36, -0.62). CONCLUSIONS Results indicated that illness perception is a crucial predictor for better resilience as mediated through body image. To provide adequate information to women with breast cancer can improve their perception of breast cancer more positively. Hence, their body image and their way of coping with survival life turn better.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsing-Chan Chiu
- Department of Nursing, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Nursing, Tainan Municipal Hospital, Show Chwan Health Care System, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Ying Lin
- Institute of Allied Health Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Occupational Therapy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Biostatistics Consulting Center, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Lung Kuo
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan; Breast Medical Center, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Li Hou
- School of Nursing, College of Nursing, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Bih-Ching Shu
- Department of Nursing, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Institute of Allied Health Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
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15
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Szałachowski RR, Tuszyńska-Bogucka W. " Faith Is Not Enough?" Ego-Resiliency and Religiosity as Coping Resources with Pandemic Stress-Mediation Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:1942. [PMID: 36767306 PMCID: PMC9915372 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20031942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Based on the concepts of Pargament's adaptational functions of religiosity, Huber's centrality of religiosity, and Block's conceptualisation of ego-resiliency as psychosocial resources, a nonexperimental, moderated mediation project was designed for a group of 175 women and 57 men who voluntarily participated in an online study to determine whether and to what extent religiosity mediated or moderated the relationship between ego-resiliency and the severity of PTSD and depression during the COVID-19 epidemic. The analyses carried out showed that the studied variables, ego-resiliency and centrality of religiosity, were predictors of the intensity of some psychopathological reactions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic but were not connected via a mediation relationship. Therefore, one question remains open: what is the role of ego-resiliency and the nature of the stated immunogenic effect of the centrality of religiosity in dealing with the critical threat to mental health that is the COVID-19 pandemic?
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16
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Novak AM, Lev-Ari S. Resilience, Stress, Well-Being, and Sleep Quality in Multiple Sclerosis. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12020716. [PMID: 36675644 PMCID: PMC9864697 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12020716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, progressive, immune-mediated disorder that affects the Central Nervous System and is the most common cause of non-traumatic neurological disability in young adults. The study aimed to assess the levels of stress, resilience, well-being, sleep quality, and fatigue in Israeli people with MS (PwMS), and to examine the associations between these factors and the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics. These factors had never before been studied in conjunction in PwMS, nor had they been systematically addressed in Israel, the unique geopolitical situation of which may pose unique challenges. (2) Methods: This was a survey-based, cross-sectional study conducted through an Internet platform. (3) Results: Israeli PwMS who participated in the study were experiencing relatively high levels of stress and low resilience, poor sleep quality, and severe fatigue. The analysis revealed significant associations between resilience and stress, well-being, and anxiety, as well as stress and well-being, resilience, sleep quality, fatigue, and Clinically Isolated Syndrome (CIS). (4) Conclusions: the Israeli PwMS who participated in the study were experiencing higher levels of stress, lower resilience and worse sleep quality than PwMS in other countries, as compared to results previously reported in literature. The findings of this study ought to serve as a call to action for the MS care providers in Israel and warrant further research into the possible causes of the phenomenon and strategies to address it.
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17
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Kavčič T, Zager Kocjan G, Dolenc P. Measurement invariance of the CD-RISC-10 across gender, age, and education: A study with Slovenian adults. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2023; 42:1727-1737. [PMID: 33723479 PMCID: PMC7945969 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-021-01564-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The study aimed to investigate measurement invariance of the 10-item Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC-10) across gender, age, and education. Adults from a general population of Slovenia (N = 431; 58% female; age 18 to 59 years) filled in the CD-RISC-10, the short form of the Mental Health Continuum and the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale. Measurement invariance of the proposed one-factor model of CD-RISC-10 by gender, age, and level of education was examined using multiple-group confirmatory factor analysis. The results showed configural, metric, and scalar invariance of the CD-RISC-10 across gender, age, and educational groups. The measure showed satisfactory reliability, positive associations with emotional, psychological, and social well-being, and negative links with negative emotional states. Group differences in latent means suggested higher resilience in men than women, early adults as compared to emerging adults, and people with higher as compared to those with lower level of education. The Slovenian version of the CD-RISC-10 is an acceptably reliable and valid measure of resilience, suitable to detect possible differences between gender, age, and educational groups. Resilience shows favorable associations with enhanced positive mental health and diminished symptoms of mental problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Kavčič
- grid.8954.00000 0001 0721 6013Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ljubljana, Zdravstvena pot 5, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Gaja Zager Kocjan
- grid.8954.00000 0001 0721 6013Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Petra Dolenc
- grid.412740.40000 0001 0688 0879Faculty of Education, University of Primorska, Cankarjeva 5, 6000 Koper, Slovenia
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18
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Rojas Perez OF, Sanchez SE, Cruz V, Sánchez E, Levey E, Gelaye B. Comparative Performance of the Resilience Inventory (IRES) and Resilience Scale-14 (RS-14) Spanish Versions Among Postpartum Adolescent Mothers. JOURNAL OF CHILD & ADOLESCENT TRAUMA 2022; 15:1069-1080. [PMID: 36439676 PMCID: PMC9684388 DOI: 10.1007/s40653-022-00458-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
We sought to evaluate the psychometric properties of two resilience scales; the Resilience Inventory (IRES) and the 14-item Resilience Scale (RS-14) among Peruvian postpartum adolescent mothers. This cross-sectional study included 785 adolescent mothers who delivered at a maternity hospital in Lima, Peru. The Spanish versions of IRES and RS-14 were used to evaluate the properties of the measures. We examined reliability using Cronbach's alpha. We used exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to assess the construct validity and factor structures of the two scales. Both scales had good internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha > 0.7). Correlation between IRES and RS-14 scores was fair (r = 0.53). The EFA results of both scales yielded a three-factor structure. EFA including all items from IRES and RS-14 yielded a six-factor structure. CFA results corroborated the original seven-factor structure for IRES and yielded measures indicating a good level of goodness of fit (comparative fit index of 0.93) and accuracy (root mean square error of approximation of 0.07). Overall, Spanish language versions of both the IRES and the RS-14 are reliable and valid scales for assessing resilience among Peruvian postpartum adolescent mothers. Additional research is needed to integrate culturally-specific traits into resilience measures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sixto E. Sanchez
- Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas, Lima, Peru
- Asociación Civil PROESA, Lima, Peru
| | - Victor Cruz
- Peruvian National Institute of Mental Health, Honorio Delgado – Hideyo Noguchi, Lima, Peru
| | | | - Elizabeth Levey
- The Chester M. Pierce, MD Division of Global Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Bizu Gelaye
- The Chester M. Pierce, MD Division of Global Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA USA
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19
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Oftedal A, Bekkhus M, Haugen G, Hjemdal O, Czajkowski NO, Kaasen A. Long-Term Impact of Diagnosed Fetal Anomaly on Parental Traumatic Stress, Resilience, and Relationship Satisfaction. J Pediatr Psychol 2022; 48:181-192. [PMID: 36399086 PMCID: PMC9941832 DOI: 10.1093/jpepsy/jsac085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Knowledge regarding the long-term psychological adjustment of parents to children with prenatal diagnosis of congenital malformation is scarce. The aim of this study is to examine traumatic stress trajectories, resilience, and relationship satisfaction among parents to children with prenatal diagnosis of a congenital malformation, and to compare this to a sample of non-affected parents. METHODS A prospective longitudinal cohort study was conducted at a tertiary perinatal referral center. Ninety-three mothers and 80 fathers who received a diagnosis of fetal anomaly during obstetric ultrasound examination (study group), and 110 mothers and 98 fathers with normal ultrasound findings (comparison group), reported their traumatic stress at four timepoints during pregnancy (T1-T4), 6 weeks after birth (T5), and 10-12 years after birth (T6). Resilience and relationship satisfaction was reported at 10-12 years after birth. RESULTS Parents to children with a congenital malformation experienced significantly elevated traumatic stress levels over time, compared with parents of children without congenital malformation. The difference between groups was largest acutely after diagnosis and remained significant 10-12 years after the birth of the child. Resilience and relationship satisfaction levels were similar in both groups. CONCLUSIONS Despite experiencing high levels of traumatic stress over time, parents to children with a congenital malformation reported resilience and relationship satisfaction at similar levels to non-affected parents. This suggests that despite ongoing long-term distress, parents are still able to maintain positive psychological coping resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurora Oftedal
- All correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Aurora Oftedal, Faculty of Health Science, Oslo Metropolitan University, Pilestredet 32, 0166 Oslo, Norway. E-mail:
| | - Mona Bekkhus
- Promenta Research Center, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Guttorm Haugen
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway,Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Odin Hjemdal
- Department of Psychology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Nikolai Olavi Czajkowski
- Promenta Research Center, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway,Department of Mental Disorders, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Norway
| | - Anne Kaasen
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
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20
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Muniandy M, Richdale AL, Lawson LP. Coping-resilience profiles and experiences of stress in autistic adults. Autism Res 2022; 15:2149-2166. [PMID: 36114687 PMCID: PMC9826183 DOI: 10.1002/aur.2817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Emerging studies allude to high stress in autistic adults. Considering the detrimental impact of stress on health outcomes, examining individual resources which may influence the extent to which stress is experienced (e.g., coping and resilience) is vital. Using a person-focused approach, this study aimed to identify coping-resilience profiles, and examine their relations to general perceived stress and daily hassles in a sample of autistic adults (N = 86; aged 19-74 years). Cluster analysis identified four coping-resilience profiles (i.e., high cope/ low resilience, low cope/ high resilience, engage cope/ high resilience, and disengage cope/ low resilience). The high cope/ low resilience and disengage cope/ low resilience groups had significantly higher general perceived stress than the remaining groups. No significant group differences were noted in relation to daily hassles. Jointly addressing coping and resilience may be beneficial on the perceived stress experienced in autistic adults. The use of coping-resilience profiles may also allow for the personalization of stress management and support options in the autistic adult population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Muniandy
- Olga Tennison Autism Research Centre, School of Psychology and Public HealthLa Trobe UniversityBundooraVictoriaAustralia,Cooperative Research Centre for Living with Autism (Autism CRC), The University of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia
| | - Amanda L. Richdale
- Olga Tennison Autism Research Centre, School of Psychology and Public HealthLa Trobe UniversityBundooraVictoriaAustralia,Cooperative Research Centre for Living with Autism (Autism CRC), The University of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia
| | - Lauren P. Lawson
- Olga Tennison Autism Research Centre, School of Psychology and Public HealthLa Trobe UniversityBundooraVictoriaAustralia,Cooperative Research Centre for Living with Autism (Autism CRC), The University of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia
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21
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Omri N, Ezzi O, Ammar A, Benzarti W, Loghmari D, Toulgui E, Ben Abdelkarim A, Boukadida A, Njah M, Mahjoub M. Compassion fatigue among frontline healthcare workers during the covid-19 pandemic in Tunisia. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0276455. [PMID: 36301952 PMCID: PMC9612510 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0276455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Healthcare workers (HCWs) are highly vulnerable to compassion fatigue (CF), which not only leads to decreased mental and physical health, but also to deterioration in the safety of care delivered. Our study aims to measure compassion satisfaction (CS), CF levels and their predictors among Tunisian HCWs. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study among HCWs caring for confirmed and suspected Covid-19 patients, staff at two university hospitals in Sousse, Tunisia during the 4thwave of coronavirus through a self-administrated Questionnaire, using the French version of the Professional Quality of Life scale ProQol, version 5. RESULTS A total of 274 professionals were recruited with a mean age of 32.87±8.35 years. HCWs tend to have an overall moderate levels of compassion satisfaction, secondary traumatic stress and burnout with mean scores 35.09±7.08, 29.72±7.62, 28.54±5.44 respectively. Self-reported resilience (β = 0.14, p = 10-3), work engagement (β = 0.39, p = 10-3) and burnout (β = -0.32, p = 10-3) were the predictors of compassion satisfaction in the linear regression analysis (adjusted r2 = 0.45). Similarly, limited work experience, compassion satisfaction and secondary traumatic sub-scores were the determinants of burnout (β = -0.1, p = 0.04; β = -0.54, p = 10-3; β = 0.35, p = 10-3 respectively); (adjusted r2 = 0.48). Regarding STS, female professionals (β = 0.20, p = 10-3), being married (β = 0.19, p = 10-3), the fear of transmitting the infection (β = 0.11, p = 0.03) and burnout (β = 0.39, p = 10-3) were the predictors for the occurrence of secondary traumatic stress (adjusted r2 = 0.48). CONCLUSION More resilience promoting interventions and more coping skills programs must be implemented to fulfill HCWs' psychological well-being needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nihel Omri
- Department of Infection Control, Farhat Hached University Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia
- Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Olfa Ezzi
- Department of Infection Control, Farhat Hached University Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia
- Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Asma Ammar
- Department of Infection Control, Farhat Hached University Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia
- Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Wafa Benzarti
- Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
- Department of Pneumology, Farhat Hached University Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Dorra Loghmari
- Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
- Emergency Medical Services, Sahloul University Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Emna Toulgui
- Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Sahloul University Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Asma Ben Abdelkarim
- Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
- Emergency Department, Farhat Hached University Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Asma Boukadida
- Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
- Department of Endocrinology Diabetology, Farhat Hached University Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Mansour Njah
- Department of Infection Control, Farhat Hached University Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia
- Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Mahjoub
- Department of Infection Control, Farhat Hached University Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia
- Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
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22
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Bedwell GJ, Louw C, Parker R, van den Broeke E, Vlaeyen JW, Moseley GL, Madden VJ. The influence of a manipulation of threat on experimentally-induced secondary hyperalgesia. PeerJ 2022; 10:e13512. [PMID: 35757170 PMCID: PMC9220919 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Pain is thought to be influenced by the threat value of the particular context in which it occurs. However, the mechanisms by which a threat achieves this influence on pain are unclear. Here, we explore how threat influences experimentally-induced secondary hyperalgesia, which is thought to be a manifestation of central sensitization. We developed an experimental study to investigate the effect of a manipulation of threat on experimentally-induced secondary hyperalgesia in 26 healthy human adults (16 identifying as female; 10 as male). We induced secondary hyperalgesia at both forearms using high-frequency electrical stimulation. Prior to the induction, we used a previously successful method to manipulate threat of tissue damage at one forearm (threat site). The effect of the threat manipulation was determined by comparing participant-rated anxiety, perceived threat, and pain during the experimental induction of secondary hyperalgesia, between the threat and control sites. We hypothesized that the threat site would show greater secondary hyperalgesia (primary outcome) and greater surface area (secondary outcome) of induced secondary hyperalgesia than the control site. Despite a thorough piloting procedure to test the threat manipulation, our data showed no main effect of site on pain, anxiety, or threat ratings during high-frequency electrical stimulation. In the light of no difference in threat between sites, the primary and secondary hypotheses cannot be tested. We discuss reasons why we were unable to replicate the efficacy of this established threat manipulation in our sample, including: (1) competition between threats, (2) generalization of learned threat value, (3) safety cues, (4) trust, and requirements for participant safety, (5) sampling bias, (6) sample-specific habituation to threat, and (7) implausibility of (sham) skin examination and report. Better strategies to manipulate threat are required for further research on the mechanisms by which threat influences pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gillian J. Bedwell
- Department of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa,Pain Unit, Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa
| | - Caron Louw
- Pain Unit, Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa
| | - Romy Parker
- Pain Unit, Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa
| | - Emanuel van den Broeke
- Institute of Neuroscience, Division Cognitive and Systems, UC Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Johan W. Vlaeyen
- Research Group Health Psychology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium,Experimental Health Psychology, University of Maastricht, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | | | - Victoria J. Madden
- Pain Unit, Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa,Research Group Health Psychology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium,IIMPACT in Health, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia,Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa
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23
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Pretorius TB, Padmanabhanunni A. Validation of the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale-10 in South Africa: Item Response Theory and Classical Test Theory. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2022; 15:1235-1245. [PMID: 35603351 PMCID: PMC9122044 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s365112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose During times of crisis, and in particular during the current COVID-19 pandemic, resistance resources, such as resilience, are key to managing the negative impacts of the crisis. The Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale-10 has been extensively used to assess resilience. In the current study, we examined the reliability, validity and dimensionality of this instrument using Rasch analysis, Mokken analysis and classical test theory. Using both item response theory and classical test theory provides a more comprehensive overview of the psychometric properties of the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale-10. Participants and Methods School teachers from South Africa (N = 355) constituted the sample for the study and they completed the following scales: Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale-10, the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory-Trait Scale, the Beck Hopelessness Scale, and the Sense of Coherence Scale. Results Both item response theory and classical test theory provided strong evidence for the reliability and validity of the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale-10. In addition, the analyses provided support for considering the scale as essentially unidimensional. Conclusion The obtained results provide additional support for the reliability and validity, of the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale-10 for samples from diverse contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyrone Brian Pretorius
- Department of Psychology, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, 7530, South Africa
- Correspondence: Tyrone Brian Pretorius, Department of Psychology, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville, 7530, South Africa, Tel +27 21 959 2101, Email
| | - Anita Padmanabhanunni
- Department of Psychology, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, 7530, South Africa
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Ye B, Zhao S, Zeng Y, Chen C, Zhang Y. Perceived parental support and college students' depressive symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic: The mediating roles of emotion regulation strategies and resilience. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022; 42:1-12. [PMID: 35400981 PMCID: PMC8980203 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-03049-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The current study examined the mediating roles of emotion regulation strategies (i.e., cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression) and resilience in the relationship between perceived parental support and depressive symptoms among college students during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in China. A large sample of Chinese college students (N = 2, 423) participated in this investigation. Results indicated that perceived parental support was negatively related to depressive symptoms. The two emotion regulation strategies and resilience partially and serially mediated the relation between perceived parental support and depressive symptoms. Theoretical and practical implications of these results are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baojuan Ye
- Center of Preschool Education, Center of Mental Health Education and Research, School of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Avenue, Nanchang, 330022 China
| | - Shunying Zhao
- Center of Preschool Education, Center of Mental Health Education and Research, School of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Avenue, Nanchang, 330022 China
| | - Yadi Zeng
- Center of Preschool Education, Center of Mental Health Education and Research, School of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Avenue, Nanchang, 330022 China
| | - Chuansheng Chen
- Department of Psychology and Social Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
| | - Yanzhen Zhang
- Department of Psychology, University of California, 900 University Ave, Riverside, CA 92521 USA
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Doyle I, Catling JC. The Influence of Perfectionism, Self-Esteem and Resilience on Young People's Mental Health. THE JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 2022; 156:224-240. [PMID: 35201966 DOI: 10.1080/00223980.2022.2027854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The current study explored whether maladaptive perfectionism and low self-esteem constituted reliable risk factors of student mental illness, as well as determining whether resilience moderates these predictive relationships. 434 University undergraduate students were recruited. Depression and anxiety were measured using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and Generalized Anxiety Disorder Assessment (GAD-7). Perfectionism, self-esteem and resilience were analyzed in relation to the PHQ9 and GAD-7 scores via a regression analysis. Perfectionism discrepancy, self-esteem and resilience all significantly predicted depression and anxiety. Hierarchical regression analysis revealed a statistically significant amount of additional variance to be explained by resilience for depression and anxiety, than for perfectionism and self-esteem alone. Maladaptive perfectionism and low self-esteem predispose an individual to depression and anxiety, though resilience may act as a protective factor against development of mental illness.
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COVID-19 epidemic-induced changes in mood and anxiety mediate the relationship between resilience and symptoms of depression and generalized anxiety in sexual assault survivors. JOURNAL OF AFFECTIVE DISORDERS REPORTS 2022; 6:100252. [PMID: 35036985 PMCID: PMC8743166 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadr.2021.100252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Sexual assault survivors are a vulnerable sub-population that might be severely affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, yet received little research attention during this global crisis. Higher levels of resilience are generally associated with lower symptoms of depression and anxiety and are thus considered as promoting adjustment to stress. Here, we tested the associations between resilience, depression, and anxiety symptoms among sexual assault survivors during the COVID-19 epidemic. Pandemic-induced changes in mood and anxiety were also examined as potential mediators of the relations between resilience and clinical symptoms of depression and anxiety. Methods At the pandemic onset, 83 sexual assault survivors (66 females, average age=37.68±10.90 years) undergoing treatment at a specialized psychiatric outpatient clinic completed a survey aimed at identifying patients in distress during the lockdown. The survey included a battery of questionnaires assessing resilience, pandemic-induced changes in mood and anxiety, and clinical symptoms of depression and generalized anxiety. Results Resilience scores were significantly negatively correlated with both depression and generalized anxiety symptoms. Furthermore, pandemic-induced changes in mood and anxiety significantly mediated these effects. Limitations Due to the cross-sectional study design, a temporal relationship between pandemic induced changes (mood and anxiety) and clinical symptoms (depression and generalized anxiety) could not be determined. Conclusions Our findings highlight the need to develop interventions for reducing situational changes in mood and anxiety during periods of acute stress, while increasing resilience factors, in order to decrease the burden of stress on sexual assault survivors’ mental health during the pandemic and beyond.
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Kira IA, Shuwiekh HAM, Ahmed SAE, Ebada EE, Tantawy SF, Waheep NN, Ashby JS. Coping with COVID-19 Prolonged and Cumulative Stressors: the Case Example of Egypt. Int J Ment Health Addict 2022; 21:1-22. [PMID: 35035314 PMCID: PMC8741582 DOI: 10.1007/s11469-021-00712-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The current study aimed to explore how COVID-19-traumatized populations cope using a coping model based on wills to exist, live, and survive (WTELS) that leads to positive coping and posttraumatic growth (PTG). We used data from 11 Arab countries (N = 2732), including Egypt (N = 831), and included measures for COVID-19 stressors (COVID-fear, economic, lockdown, and grief stressors), WTELS, resilience, religiosity, spirituality, social support, and PTG. We conducted ANOVA on the main sample to explore the differences between Arab countries, hierarchical regressions, and path analysis on the Egyptian subsample to test a model of the effects on WTELS. In the path model, WTELS was the independent variable. Other coping strategies were mediating variables, and COVID-19 stressor types were outcome variables. ANOVA on the main sample indicated that Egypt was the highest on COVID-19 stressors (infection fears, economic, lockdown, and grief stressors), actual infection, and WTELS. Hierarchical regression indicated that social support, resilience, and WTELS were positive predictors of PTG, with WTELS had the highest effect size (β = .41) and WTELS being a negative predictor of COVID-19 stressors, while resilience and social support were not. Path analysis indicated that WTELS predicted higher religiosity, spirituality, social support, resilience, and lower COVID-19 stressors. Religiosity predicted higher spirituality, social support, and resilience and lower COVID-19 stressors. Interfaith spirituality predicted higher resilience and lower COVID-19 grief stressors. The results validated the central role of WTELS. Results helped to identify potentially effective interventions with COVID-19 victims that focus on WTELS, spirituality, and religiosity. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11469-021-00712-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim A. Kira
- Center for Cumulative Trauma Studies, 4906 Woodhurst Way, Stone Mountain, GA 30088 USA
- Affiliate of Center for Stress, Trauma and Resiliency, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Jeffrey S. Ashby
- Stress, Trauma and Resiliency, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA USA
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Wang J, Cui J, Tu S, Yang R, Zhao L. Resilience and caregiving ability among caregivers of people with stroke: The mediating role of uncertainty in illness. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:788737. [PMID: 36483138 PMCID: PMC9723154 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.788737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In China, stroke survivors are usually cared for by their family members. However, the caregiving ability of these informal caregivers remain inadequate during the hospitalization of their family members following a sudden onset of a stroke, and this sudden need for care overwhelms caregivers even after the hospital discharge. Therefore, research is required to identify predictors of caregiving ability that could be targeted in future interventions aimed at improving caregiving skills and reducing the burden on caregivers who care for stroke survivors. MATERIALS AND METHODS From August 2019 to February 2020, stroke survivors were hospitalized for the first time, and their family caregivers were registered via convenience sampling. Caregiver demographic information, resilience status, uncertainty in illness, caregiving ability, and patients' severity of stroke were measured using standardized questionnaires. Structural equation modeling was used to test the proposed model, where caregiver resilience and stroke severity predicted caregiving ability directly, and uncertainty in illness mediated the association between caregiver resilience and caregiving ability. RESULTS A total of 306 dyads were included in the study. The tested model fit the data well (χ2 = 118.2, df = 64, RMSEA = 0.053, CFI = 0.946, TLI = 0.923). Statistically significant pathways linked caregivers' resilience status to uncertainty in illness (β = -0.558, S.E. = 0.022, P < 0.01), caregivers' resilience to the status of caregiving ability (β = -0.269, S.E. = 0.013, P < 0.01) and caregivers' uncertainty about the illness to caregiving ability (β = 0.687, S.E. = 0.051, P < 0.01). We also found that caregivers' uncertainty in illness mediated the association between caregivers' resilience and caregiving ability (β = -0.384, S.E. = 0.061, P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Our structural equation modeling result identified resilience and uncertainty about the illness as predictors of the caregiving ability of informal family caregivers who suffered from care burdens. Supporting family caregivers to build their resilience and reduce illness uncertainty may improve caregiving for stroke survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyao Wang
- West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jun Cui
- West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shuangyan Tu
- West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Rong Yang
- West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lihong Zhao
- West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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A neuropsychosocial signature predicts longitudinal symptom changes in women with irritable bowel syndrome. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:1774-1791. [PMID: 34819635 PMCID: PMC9095468 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-021-01375-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common disorder of brain-gut interactions characterized by chronic abdominal pain, altered bowel movements, often accompanied by somatic and psychiatric comorbidities. We aimed to test the hypothesis that a baseline phenotype composed of multi-modal neuroimaging and clinical features predicts clinical improvement on the IBS Symptom Severity Scale (IBS-SSS) at 3 and 12 months without any targeted intervention. Female participants (N = 60) were identified as "improvers" (50-point decrease on IBS-SSS from baseline) or "non-improvers." Data integration analysis using latent components (DIABLO) was applied to a training and test dataset to determine whether a limited number of sets of multiple correlated baseline'omics data types, including brain morphometry, anatomical connectivity, resting-state functional connectivity, and clinical features could accurately predict improver status. The derived predictive models predicted improvement status at 3-months and 12-months with 91% and 83% accuracy, respectively. Across both time points, non-improvers were classified as having greater correlated morphometry, anatomical connectivity and resting-state functional connectivity characteristics within salience and sensorimotor networks associated with greater pain unpleasantness, but lower default mode network integrity and connectivity. This suggests that non-improvers have a greater engagement of attentional systems to perseverate on painful visceral stimuli, predicting IBS exacerbation. The ability of baseline multimodal brain-clinical signatures to predict symptom trajectories may have implications in guiding integrative treatment in the age of precision medicine, such as treatments targeted at changing attentional systems such as mindfulness or cognitive behavioral therapy.
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Georges MT, Roberts LR, Johnston Taylor E, Nick JM, Dehom S. Burnout, Self-Efficacy, and Resilience in Haitian Nurses: A Cross-Sectional Study. J Holist Nurs 2021; 40:310-325. [PMID: 34951321 DOI: 10.1177/08980101211065600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Purpose of Study: Though nursing burnout is a global problem, research on nurse burnout in Haiti is scarce. In a context of multiple personal, social, and environmental challenges, this study assessed burnout and associated factors among Haitian nurses. Design of Study: A multi-site cross-sectional study. Methods: A survey in French and Haitian Creole was conducted in five Haitian hospitals using forward and back translated scales measuring burnout (emotional exhaustion [EE], depersonalization [DP], personal accomplishment [PA]), self-efficacy, nursing work environment, resilience, and demographics. Findings: Haitian nurses (N = 179) self-reported moderate EE (M = 21, SD = 11.18), low DP (Mdn = 2.0, range = 29), and high personal accomplishment (Mdn = 41.0, range = 33). General self-efficacy (M = 32.31, SD = 4.27) and resilience (M = 26.68, SD = 5.86) were high. Dissatisfaction with salary, autonomy, and staffing were evident. Conclusions: It is noteworthy that burnout was lower than expected given the scarce resource, difficult socio-politico-economic environment. High levels of self-efficacy and resilience likely mitigated a higher level of burnout. Adaptation enables these nurses to manage their critical conditions and practice holistic nursing, which may inspire hope among nurses in similar contexts.
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Tudehope L, Lee P, Wiseman N, Dwirahmadi F, Sofija E. The effect of resilience on the relationship between perceived stress and change in alcohol consumption during the COVID-19 pandemic in Queensland, Australia. J Health Psychol 2021; 27:2696-2713. [PMID: 34886691 DOI: 10.1177/13591053211062351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has led to increased levels of stress and alcohol consumption. This study examined the effect of resilience on the relationship between stress and changes in alcohol consumption in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic in early 2020. A cross-sectional survey of 502 adults in Queensland, Australia (mean age = 45.68 (16.61)), found 23.9% of individuals had increased their alcohol consumption since the start of the pandemic. Regression modelling demonstrated a significant association between perceived stress and change in alcohol consumption. The study also revealed resilience was a moderating factor, where high levels of resilience buffered against increases in alcohol consumption associated with stress during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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32
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Kira IA, Shuwiekh HA, Alhuwailah A, Balaghi D. Does COVID-19 Type III Continuous Existential Trauma Deplete the Traditional Coping, Diminish Health and Mental Health, and Kindle Spirituality?: An Exploratory Study on Arab Countries. JOURNAL OF LOSS & TRAUMA 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/15325024.2021.2006501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim A. Kira
- Center for Cumulative Trauma Studies, Stone Mountain, GA, USA
- Affiliate of Center for Stress, Trauma and Resiliency, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Wu W, Qi Q, Cao X, Li S, Guo Z, Yu L, Ma X, Liu Y, Liu Z, You X, Chen Y, Long Q, Teng Z, Zeng Y. Relationship Between Medical Students' Empathy and Occupation Expectation: Mediating Roles of Resilience and Subjective Well-Being. Front Psychol 2021; 12:708342. [PMID: 34646196 PMCID: PMC8503271 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.708342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The occupation expectation of medical students can predict the possibility of their future employment in the medical industry, and empathy is the special ability of medical students in their study and career, which affects the development of their occupation expectation. Objective: To explore the relationship between resilience and subjective well-being between medical students' empathy and occupation expectation and their internal mechanisms. Design: Data were collected from October 2020 to March 2021 using a paper questionnaire survey. Subjective: 586 medical students at a key medical university in Yunnan Province were invited to complete the survey. Main Measures: The Basic Empathy Scale, Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, Subjective Well-Being Questionnaire, and Occupation Expectation Scale. Key Results: The empathy is intended to affect the occupation expectation of medical students through four paths. The direct path effect value is 0.073 (95% CI: 0.007∼0.217), the indirect path 1 effect value is 0.078 (95% CI: 0.022∼0.134), indirect path 2 effect value is 0.010 (95% CI: 0.005∼0.022), indirect path 3 effect value is 0.022 (95% CI: 0.0604∼0.039), all the confidence intervals do not contain 0, and the mediated effect ratio is 60.109%. Conclusion: Empathy has an impact on occupation expectation of medical students through the sequential mediating effects of resilience and subjective well-being. Medical colleges should fully consider the role of protective factors when cultivating and enhancing the occupation expectation of clinical medical students. Strengthening the intervention of emotional factors (empathy), self-regulating ability (psychological toughness) and cognitive factors (subjective well-being) is an important way to effectively establish professional values, improve occupation expectation of medical students and reduce the turnover rate of medical students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenzhi Wu
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yuxi, China
| | - Qiqi Qi
- School of Maxism, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Xin Cao
- School of Maxism, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Shujun Li
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yuxi, China
| | - Zhichao Guo
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yuxi, China
| | - Lei Yu
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yuxi, China
| | - Xiao Ma
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yuxi, China
| | - Yilin Liu
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yuxi, China
| | - Zijun Liu
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yuxi, China
| | - Xu You
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yuxi, China
| | - Yatang Chen
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yuxi, China
| | - Qing Long
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yuxi, China
| | - Zhaowei Teng
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yuxi, China
| | - Yong Zeng
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yuxi, China
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Chen H, Gao J, Dai J, Mao Y, Wang Y, Chen S, Xiao Q, Jia Y, Zheng P, Fu H. Generalized anxiety disorder and resilience during the COVID-19 pandemic: evidence from China during the early rapid outbreak. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:1830. [PMID: 34627208 PMCID: PMC8502085 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-11877-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) is a common but urgent mental health problem during disease outbreaks. Resilience buffers against the negative impacts of life stressors on common internalizing psychopathology such as GAD. This study assesses the prevalence of GAD and examines the protective or compensatory effect of resilience against worry factors during the COVID-19 outbreak. METHODS A cross-sectional online survey was conducted among Chinese citizens aged ≥18 years from January 31 to February 2, 2020. A total of 4827 participants across 31 provinces and autonomous regions of the mainland of China participated in this study. The Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale (GAD-7), the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC), and a self-designed worry questionnaire were used to asses anxiety disorder prevalence, resilience level, and anxiety risk factors. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify the associations of resilience and worry factors with GAD prevalence after controlling for other covariates. RESULTS The prevalence of anxiety disorder was 22.6% across the 31 areas, and the highest prevalence was 35.4% in Hubei province. After controlling for covariates, the results suggested a higher GAD prevalence among participants who were worried about themselves or family members being infected with COVID-19 (adjusted odds ratio, AOR 3.40, 95%CI 2.43-4.75), worried about difficulty obtaining masks (AOR 1.92, 95%CI 1.47-2.50), worried about difficulty of distinguishing true information (AOR 1.65, 95%CI 1.36-2.02), worried about the prognosis of COVID-19 (AOR 2.41, 95%CI 1.75-3.33), worried about delays in working (AOR 1.71, 95%CI 1.27-.31), or worried about decreased income (AOR 1.45, 95%CI 1.14-1.85) compared with those without such worries. Additionally, those with a higher resilience level had a lower prevalence of GAD (AOR 0.59, 95%CI 0.51-0.70). Resilience also showed a mediating effect, with a negative influence on worry factors and thereby a negative association with GAD prevalence. CONCLUSION It may be beneficial to promote public mental health during the COVID-19 outbreak through enhancing resilience, which may buffer against adverse psychological effects from worry factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Chen
- Preventive Medicine and Health Education Department, School of Public Health, Fudan University, No.138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, P.R. China
| | - Junling Gao
- Preventive Medicine and Health Education Department, School of Public Health, Fudan University, No.138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, P.R. China
| | - Junming Dai
- Preventive Medicine and Health Education Department, School of Public Health, Fudan University, No.138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, P.R. China
| | - Yimeng Mao
- Preventive Medicine and Health Education Department, School of Public Health, Fudan University, No.138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, P.R. China
| | - Yi Wang
- Preventive Medicine and Health Education Department, School of Public Health, Fudan University, No.138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, P.R. China
| | - Suhong Chen
- Preventive Medicine and Health Education Department, School of Public Health, Fudan University, No.138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, P.R. China
| | - Qianyi Xiao
- Preventive Medicine and Health Education Department, School of Public Health, Fudan University, No.138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, P.R. China
| | - Yingnan Jia
- Preventive Medicine and Health Education Department, School of Public Health, Fudan University, No.138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, P.R. China
| | - Pinpin Zheng
- Preventive Medicine and Health Education Department, School of Public Health, Fudan University, No.138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, P.R. China
| | - Hua Fu
- Preventive Medicine and Health Education Department, School of Public Health, Fudan University, No.138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, P.R. China.
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Haviland MJ, Nillni YI, Cabral HJ, Fox MP, Wise LA, Burris HH, Hacker MR. Adverse psychosocial factors in pregnancy and preterm delivery. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol 2021; 35:519-529. [PMID: 33666948 PMCID: PMC8380636 DOI: 10.1111/ppe.12756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mental health symptoms, stress, and low psychosocial resources are associated with preterm delivery. It is unknown if there are groups of women who experience similar patterns of these adverse psychosocial factors during pregnancy and if the risk of preterm delivery differs among these groups. OBJECTIVE To identify groups of women with similar patterns of adverse psychosocial factors during pregnancy and determine whether the risk of preterm delivery differs among these groups. METHODS Spontaneous Prematurity and Epigenetics of the Cervix (SPEC) is a prospective cohort study of pregnant women, aged 18 and older. In this analysis, we included women who enrolled after 24 August 2014 and delivered by 20 January 2019. As women could enrol more than once, our cohort included 774 women with 787 pregnancies. We conducted a latent class analysis to identify groups of women with similar patterns of adverse psychosocial factors during pregnancy based on their responses to measures assessing depression, perceived stress, anxiety (pregnancy-related and generalised), stressful life events, resilience, and social support (partner and friend/family). After identifying the latent classes, we used log-binomial regression to compare the incidence of preterm delivery among the classes. RESULTS The median age among participants was 33.2 years (interquartile range 30.3-36.3), and the majority were non-Hispanic white (56.9%). We identified three classes of adverse psychosocial factors (few, some, and many factors). In total, 63 (8.0%) pregnancies resulted in a preterm delivery. Compared to participants with few factors, the risk of preterm delivery was no different among participants with some (RR 1.23, 95% CI 0.68, 2.25) and many adverse factors (RR 1.62, 95% CI 0.73, 3.62). CONCLUSIONS We identified three groups of pregnant women with similar patterns of adverse psychosocial factors. We did not observe a difference in the risk of preterm delivery among the classes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam J. Haviland
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yael I. Nillni
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA,National Center for PTSD, Women’s Health Sciences Division at VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Howard J. Cabral
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Matthew P. Fox
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lauren A. Wise
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Heather H Burris
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, and University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Michele R. Hacker
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Binhardi BA, de Souza Teixeira CR, de Almeida-Pititto B, Barbosa-Junior F, Franco LJ, de Melo KFS, Malerbi DAC, de Oliveira REM. Diabetes self-care practices and resilience in the Brazilian COVID-19 pandemic: results of a web survey: DIABETESvid. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2021; 13:87. [PMID: 34412660 PMCID: PMC8374417 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-021-00706-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The world guidance on the measures of social distancing for prevention of COVID-19 has changed the daily habits of great part of the population, and this could influence the care and resilience with diabetes during situations of adversity. This study aimed at assessing the characteristics of diabetic individuals and self-care practices and resilience with diabetes in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil. METHODS This is a cross-sectional web survey study carried out among adults with diabetes, in which a structured 43-item questionnaire was conducted on the REDCap plataform, including the Diabetes Self-Care Activities Questionnaire and Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, to measure socio-demographic and clinical characteristics. The web survey was disseminated through the main social media and data were collected from September 1st to October 19th, 2020. Data analysis was performed according to type of diabetes mellitus (DM) and at a significance level of 5% (p < 0.05). RESULTS Of the 1633 participants, 67.5% were women, 43.2% aged between 35 and 59 years old, 68.0% lived in the south-eastern region of Brazil, 57.1% had a high education level, 49% reported to have DM1 and 140 participants reported to have had COVID-19. Diabetes care mostly involved the use of medications (93%), whereas the least used ones were physical activity (24.6%) and examination of the shoes (35.7%). About 40% of the participants reported to be followed up by telemedicine, 61.5% monitored the glycaemic levels, 61.2% followed a healthy diet and 43.4% left home only to go to the supermarket and drugstore. The mean resilience was 25.4 (SD = 7.7). CONCLUSIONS In Brazil, individuals with diabetes followed social distancing and maintained their medication treatment for DM. However, practice of physical activity and foot examination was little followed by the participants, who also had a low level of resilience. These findings showed the importance of patient follow-up in the healthcare services, meaning that telemedicine should be improved and support provided for adaptation in view of the therapeutic setbacks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara Aparecida Binhardi
- University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto College of Nursing, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, CEP: 14040-902 Brazil
| | - Carla Regina de Souza Teixeira
- University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto College of Nursing, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, CEP: 14040-902 Brazil
| | - Bianca de Almeida-Pititto
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Paulista School of Medicine, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Botucatu, No. 740, Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP CEP: 04023-062 Brazil
- Brazilian Diabetes Society (SBD), Rua Afonso Braz, 579, Salas 72/74, Vila Nova Conceição, São Paulo, SP CEP: 04511-011 Brazil
| | - Francisco Barbosa-Junior
- Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, CEP: 14049-900 Brazil
| | - Laercio Joel Franco
- Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, CEP: 14049-900 Brazil
| | - Karla Fabiana Santana de Melo
- Brazilian Diabetes Society (SBD), Rua Afonso Braz, 579, Salas 72/74, Vila Nova Conceição, São Paulo, SP CEP: 04511-011 Brazil
- Faculty of Medicine Clinics Hospital, University of São Paulo, Av. Dr. Enéas Carvalho de Aguiar, 255, Cerqueira César, São Paulo, 05403-000 Brazil
| | | | - Rinaldo Eduardo Machado de Oliveira
- Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, CEP: 14049-900 Brazil
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Chan SL, Takemura N, Chau PH, Lin CC, Wang MP. Psychological Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Licensed Full-Time Practicing Nurses Undertaking Part-Time Studies in Higher Education: A Cross-Sectional Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:8569. [PMID: 34444322 PMCID: PMC8391214 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18168569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Frontline nurses face an unpreceded situation with the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, and many report suffering from physical and psychological stress. This online, cross-sectional survey used questionnaires, such as the Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) questionnaire, the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-2), the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, stress-related questions, and Brief Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced (Brief-COPE), to determine the psychological impact of COVID-19 on licensed full-time practicing nurses undertaking part-time studies in higher education. Recruitment commenced from August to September 2020; 385 students were approached, and 124 completed the survey (response rate: 32%). Most of the respondents were frontline nurses working in public sectors (89.5%), 29% of whom reported symptoms of depression, and 61.3% reported mild to severe levels of anxiety. The GAD-7 was significantly associated with the resilience score (β = -0.188; p = 0.008) and exhaustion (β = 0.612; p < 0.001). The PHQ-2 was significantly associated with 'anxiety about infection' (β = 0.071; p = 0.048). A lower anxiety level was significantly associated with a higher resilience level and a lower level of exhaustion, and a lower depression level was significantly associated with a lower anxiety about infection. Nursing programs incorporating resilience building may mitigate psychological distress of the study population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siu-Ling Chan
- Correspondence: (S.-L.C.); (C.-C.L.); Tel.: +852-001-3917-6680 (S.-L.C.); +852-001-3917-6633 (C.-C.L.)
| | | | | | - Chia-Chin Lin
- School of Nursing, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China; (N.T.); (P.-H.C.); (M.-P.W.)
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Vincent A, Beck K, Becker C, Zumbrunn S, Ramin-Wright M, Urben T, Quinto A, Schaefert R, Meinlschmidt G, Gaab J, Reinhardt T, Bassetti S, Schuetz P, Hunziker S. Psychological burden in patients with COVID-19 and their relatives 90 days after hospitalization: A prospective observational cohort study. J Psychosom Res 2021; 147:110526. [PMID: 34051515 PMCID: PMC8132501 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2021.110526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE COVID-19 causes psychological distress for patients and their relatives at short term. However, little research addressed the longer-term psychological outcomes in this population. Therefore, we aimed to prospectively assess clinically relevant psychological distress in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 and their relatives 90 days after hospital discharge. METHODS This exploratory, prospective, observational cohort study included consecutive adult patients hospitalized in two Swiss tertiary-care hospitals between March and June 2020 for confirmed COVID-19 and their relatives. The primary outcome was psychological distress defined as clinically relevant symptoms of anxiety and/or depression measured with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) 90 days after discharge. RESULTS Clinically relevant psychological distress 90 days after hospital discharge was present in 23/108 patients (21.3%) and 22/120 relatives (18.3%). For patients, risk and protective factors associated with clinically relevant psychological distress included sociodemographic, illness-related, psychosocial, and hospital-related factors. A model including these factors showed good discrimination, with an area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.84. For relatives, relevant risk factors were illness-related, psychosocial, and hospital-related factors. Resilience was negatively associated with anxiety and depression in both patients and relatives and regarding PTSD in relatives only. CONCLUSION COVID-19 is linked to clinically relevant psychological distress in a subgroup of patients and their relatives 90 days after hospitalization. If confirmed in an independent and larger patient cohort, knowledge about these potential risk and protective factors might help to develop preventive strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Vincent
- Medical Communication and Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland,Division of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Psychology, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Katharina Beck
- Medical Communication and Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Becker
- Medical Communication and Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland,Emergency Department, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Samuel Zumbrunn
- Medical Communication and Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Maja Ramin-Wright
- Medical Communication and Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Tabita Urben
- Medical Communication and Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Adrian Quinto
- Medical Communication and Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Rainer Schaefert
- Medical Communication and Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland,Department for Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland,Medical Faculty of the University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Gunther Meinlschmidt
- Department for Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland,Medical Faculty of the University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland,Division of Clinical Psychology and Cognitive Behavioural Therapy, International Psychoanalytic University, Berlin, Germany,Division of Clinical Psychology and Epidemiology, Department of Psychology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jens Gaab
- Division of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Psychology, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Reinhardt
- Human Resources & Leadership Development, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stefano Bassetti
- Medical Faculty of the University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland,Division of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Philipp Schuetz
- Medical Faculty of the University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland,Department of Internal Medicine, Kantonsspital Aarau, Aarau, Switzerland
| | - Sabina Hunziker
- Medical Communication and Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Department for Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Medical Faculty of the University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
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Gordon JL, Halleran M, Beshai S, Eisenlohr-Moul TA, Frederick J, Campbell TS. Endocrine and psychosocial moderators of mindfulness-based stress reduction for the prevention of perimenopausal depressive symptoms: A randomized controlled trial. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2021; 130:105277. [PMID: 34058560 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2021.105277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The menopause transition is associated with an increased risk of depressive symptoms. The current study aimed to test whether Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction, an 8-week group intervention involving meditation and yoga, might reduce the risk of depressive symptoms among perimenopausal women. A secondary aim was to examine baseline characteristics, including sensitivity to estradiol fluctuation, as a moderator of treatment effects. METHODS 104 healthy women from the community in the menopause transition were enrolled and randomized to MBSR (n = 52) or a waitlist control condition (n = 52). Randomization was carried out using a random number generator and opaque sealed envelopes. Depressive symptoms, the main outcome, were assessed every two weeks for 6 months using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D). The occurrence of an elevated CES-D score (≥16) and of a major depressive episode were pre-identified secondary outcomes. The following surveys were used to assess additional outcomes of interest every two months: the Perceived Stress Scale, Spielberger Trait Anxiety Inventory, Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Baseline characteristics examined as potential moderators of treatment benefit included: baseline CES-D score, past depressive episodes, recent stressful life events, a history of physical or sexual abuse, and emotional sensitivity to reproductive hormone fluctuation. Outcome assessors were blinded to the participants' assigned treatment arm. RESULTS Outcome data were available for 44 women assigned to MBSR and 51 women in the waitlist condition. Women randomized to MBSR reported fewer depressive symptoms, less perceived stress, less anxiety, increased resilience, and improved sleep (ps < 0.001). Furthermore, several baseline characteristics predicted a greater mood benefit of MBSR, including: a history of major depression (p for the interaction <0.001), a greater number of recent stressful life events (p < .001), being in the early menopause transition (p = .002), and an increased emotional sensitivity to reproductive hormone fluctuation (p = .004). There were no group differences in the occurrence of major depressive episodes (p > .05). CONCLUSIONS MBSR appears to be an effective intervention for the prevention of depressive symptoms in the menopause transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Gordon
- Department of Psychology, University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada.
| | - Maria Halleran
- Department of Psychology, University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Shadi Beshai
- Department of Psychology, University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | | | | | - Tavis S Campbell
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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The association of WTELS as a master motivator with higher executive functioning and better mental health. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2021; 42:7309-7320. [PMID: 34276169 PMCID: PMC8272615 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-021-02078-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The goal is to test the validity of the “Will to exist-live and survive (WTELS) as a master motivator that activates executive functions. A sample of 262 adults administered different measures that included WTELS and executive functions. We conducted hierarchical regressions with working memory deficits (WMD) and inhibition deficits (ID) as dependent variables. We entered in the last steps resilience and WTELS as independent variables. We conducted path analysis with WTELS as independent variables and WMD and ID as outcome variables and resilience and social support as mediating variables. WTELS accounted for the high effect size for lower working memory deficits and medium effect size for lower inhibition deficits. In path analysis, the effects of WTELS on decreased WMD were direct, while its effects on the ID were indirect. PROCESS analysis indicated that WTELS was directly associated with lower depression, anxiety, PTSD, and COVID-19 traumatic stress, and its indirect effects were mediated by lower executive function deficits (Kira et al., Psych 12:992-1024 2021c, Kira et al., in press). The path model discussed was generally superior to the alternative models and was strictly invariant across genders (male/ female).
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Muniandy M, Richdale AL, Arnold SRC, Trollor JN, Lawson LP. Inter-relationships between trait resilience, coping strategies, and mental health outcomes in autistic adults. Autism Res 2021; 14:2156-2168. [PMID: 34184818 DOI: 10.1002/aur.2564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Resilience has been depicted as a key characteristic in the promotion of mental health in the face of stress and adversity. Despite high levels of stress encountered in the autistic population, resilience studies remain scarce. Using data from an Australian longitudinal adult study, this study explored the inter-relationships between trait resilience, coping, and mental health in a sample of autistic adults (N = 78). In particular, we examined the relationship between resilience and use of coping strategies, and the potential mediating role of coping strategies in the relationship between resilience and mental health outcomes. Our findings suggested that increased use of engagement coping (e.g., problem-solving, positive appraisal) and decreased use of disengagement coping (e.g., self-blame, being in denial) strategies were associated with higher levels of resilience. Further, mediation analysis results suggest that disengagement coping mediated the associations between resilience and all three mental health outcomes (i.e., depression, anxiety, and well-being), while engagement coping strategies mediated the relationship between resilience and well-being only. Our results illustrate that coping strategies may be an important mechanism in explaining the resilience-mental health relationship in autistic adults, highlighting the importance of considering stress-related constructs together (i.e., trait resilience and coping) when addressing support and intervention options for mental health difficulties in the autistic adult population. LAY SUMMARY: This research explored how resilience and coping strategies influence the mental health and well-being of autistic adults. We found that resilient autistic adults used more engagement coping strategies, less disengagement coping strategies, and reported better mental health and well-being. Considering stress-related factors together (i.e., resilience and coping) offers a novel perspective to mental health difficulties in autistic adults and may be a vital step in the development of support options in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Muniandy
- Olga Tennison Autism Research Centre, School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia.,Cooperative Research Centre for Living with Autism (Autism CRC), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Amanda L Richdale
- Olga Tennison Autism Research Centre, School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia.,Cooperative Research Centre for Living with Autism (Autism CRC), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Samuel R C Arnold
- Cooperative Research Centre for Living with Autism (Autism CRC), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Department of Developmental Disability Neuropsychiatry (3DN), UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Julian N Trollor
- Cooperative Research Centre for Living with Autism (Autism CRC), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Department of Developmental Disability Neuropsychiatry (3DN), UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Lauren P Lawson
- Olga Tennison Autism Research Centre, School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia.,Cooperative Research Centre for Living with Autism (Autism CRC), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Development and psychometric validation of the Dispositional Recovery and Dysfunction Inventory: a tool to assess for positive and negative cognitions following trauma exposure. Behav Cogn Psychother 2021; 50:203-218. [PMID: 34053477 DOI: 10.1017/s1352465821000230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recovery from trauma can be naturally occurring or facilitated through psychotherapy. Few brief measures exist to provide clinicians with dispositional, empirical assessments of patient's sentiments during psychotherapy. AIMS This manuscript presents the Dispositional Recovery and Dysfunction Inventory (DRDI), a measure created to assist clinicians in evaluating patient's treatment progress during psychotherapy, as well as evaluate its factor structure, reliability estimates, measurement invariance, and correlates. METHOD The DRDI was created based on feedback from experts with experience treating posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and was structurally validated in two distinct populations. Exploratory factor analysis was conducted in sample 1 consisting of (n=401) university students. Confirmatory factor analysis, measure validity and structure validation were then conducted in sample 2 (n=249) composed of 49% individuals with clinically significant PTSD symptoms. RESULTS Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis revealed that the DRDI was best represented by a two-factor correlated traits model representing sentiments related to dispositional recovery and dysfunctional cognitions. The recovery subscale exhibited relationships with convergent measures including authenticity and psychological hardiness (r values of .30 to .60). The dysfunctional beliefs subscale exhibited relationships with convergent measures: PTSD, depression, suicidality and stress (r values of .55 to 80). Measurement invariance across gender and PTSD status was observed. CONCLUSION Initial findings indicate that the DRDI has the potential to be a useful tool to assess individuals' beliefs about their propensity to recover from and thrive through adversity.
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Na P, Tsai J, Harpaz-Rotem I, Pietrzak R. Mental health and suicidal ideation in US military veterans with histories of COVID-19 infection. BMJ Mil Health 2021; 168:15-19. [PMID: 34035155 PMCID: PMC8154290 DOI: 10.1136/bmjmilitary-2021-001846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There have been reports of increased prevalence in psychiatric conditions in non-veteran survivors of COVID-19. To date, however, no known study has examined the prevalence, risk and protective factors of psychiatric conditions among US military veterans who survived COVID-19. METHODS Data were analysed from the 2019 to 2020 National Health and Resilience in Veterans Study, which surveyed a nationally representative, prospective cohort of 3078 US veterans. Prepandemic and 1-year peripandemic risk and protective factors associated with positive screens for peripandemic internalising (major depressive, generalised anxiety and/or posttraumatic stress disorders) and externalising psychiatric disorders (alcohol and/or drug use disorders) and suicidal ideation were examined using bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses. RESULTS A total of 233 veterans (8.6%) reported having been infected with COVID-19. Relative to veterans who were not infected, veterans who were infected were more likely to screen positive for internalising disorders (20.5% vs 13.9%, p=0.005), externalising disorders (23.2% vs 14.8%, p=0.001) and current suicidal ideation (12.0% vs 7.6%, p=0.015) at peripandemic. Multivariable analyses revealed that greater prepandemic psychiatric symptom severity and COVID-related stressors were the strongest independent predictors of peripandemic internalising disorders, while prepandemic trauma burden was protective. Prepandemic suicidal ideation, greater loneliness and lower household income were the strongest independent predictors of peripandemic suicidal ideation, whereas prepandemic community integration was protective. CONCLUSION Psychiatric symptoms and suicidal ideation are prevalent in veterans who have survived COVID-19. Veterans with greater prepandemic psychiatric and substance use problems, COVID-related stressors and fewer psychosocial resources may be at increased risk of these outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Na
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - J Tsai
- U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs National Center on Homelessness Among Veterans, Tampa, Florida, USA.,School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - I Harpaz-Rotem
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.,U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs National Center for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - R Pietrzak
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.,U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs National Center for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut, USA.,Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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Beck K, Vincent A, Becker C, Keller A, Cam H, Schaefert R, Reinhardt T, Sutter R, Tisljar K, Bassetti S, Schuetz P, Hunziker S. Prevalence and factors associated with psychological burden in COVID-19 patients and their relatives: A prospective observational cohort study. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0250590. [PMID: 33951085 PMCID: PMC8099094 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0250590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Due to the dramatic measures accompanying isolation and the general uncertainty and fear associated with COVID-19, patients and relatives may be at high risk for adverse psychological outcomes. Until now there has been limited research focusing on the prevalence of psychological distress and associated factors in COVID-19 patients and their relatives. The objective of our study was to assess psychological distress in COVID-19 patients and their relatives 30 days after hospital discharge. METHODS In this prospective observational cohort study at two Swiss tertiary-care hospitals we included consecutive adult patients hospitalized between March and June 2020 for a proven COVID-19 and their relatives. Psychological distress was defined as symptoms of anxiety and/or depression measured with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), i.e., a score of ≥8 on the depression and/or anxiety subscale. We further evaluated symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), defined as a score of ≥1.5 on the Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R). RESULTS Among 126 included patients, 24 (19.1%) had psychological distress and 10 (8.7%) had symptoms of PTSD 30 days after hospital discharge. In multivariate logistic regression analyses three factors were independently associated with psychological distress in patients: resilience (OR 0.82; 95%CI 0.71 to 0.94; p = 0.005), high levels of perceived stress (OR 1.21; 95%CI 1.06 to 1.38; p = 0.006) and low frequency of contact with relatives (OR 7.67; 95%CI 1.42 to 41.58; p = 0.018). The model showed good discrimination, with an area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.92. Among 153 relatives, 35 (22.9%) showed symptoms of psychological distress, and 3 (2%) of PTSD. For relatives, resilience was negatively associated (OR 0.85; 95%CI 0.75 to 0.96; p = 0.007), whereas perceived overall burden caused by COVID-19 was positively associated with psychological distress (OR 1.72; 95%CI 1.31 to 2.25; p<0.001). The overall model also had good discrimination, with an AUC of 0.87. CONCLUSION A relevant number of COVID-19 patients as well as their relatives exhibited psychological distress 30 days after hospital discharge. These results might aid in development of strategies to prevent psychological distress in COVID-19 patients and their relatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Beck
- Medical Communication and Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Alessia Vincent
- Medical Communication and Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Division of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Psychology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Becker
- Medical Communication and Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Emergency Department, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Annalena Keller
- Medical Communication and Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Hasret Cam
- Medical Communication and Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Rainer Schaefert
- Medical Communication and Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department for Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Medical Faculty of the University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Reinhardt
- Human Resources & Leadership Development, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Raoul Sutter
- Medical Faculty of the University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Intensive Care Unit, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Kai Tisljar
- Intensive Care Unit, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stefano Bassetti
- Medical Faculty of the University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Division of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Philipp Schuetz
- Medical Faculty of the University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Division of Internal Medicine, Kantonsspital Aarau, Aarau, Switzerland
| | - Sabina Hunziker
- Medical Communication and Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department for Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Medical Faculty of the University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Camitan DS, Bajin LN. The Importance of Well-Being on Resiliency of Filipino Adults During the COVID-19 Enhanced Community Quarantine: A Necessary Condition Analysis. Front Psychol 2021; 12:558930. [PMID: 33828498 PMCID: PMC8019777 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.558930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nation-wide community quarantines and social distancing are part of the new normal because of the global COVID-19 pandemic. Since extensive and prolonged lockdowns are relatively novel experiences, not much is known about the well-being of individuals in such extreme situations. This research effort investigated the relationship between well-being elements and resiliency of 533 Filipino adults who were placed under the nationwide enhanced community quarantine (ECQ) during the COVID-19 pandemic. Participants comprised of 376 females (70.56%) and 157 males (29.45%). The median and mode ages of the participants is 23 years, while 25 is the mean age. PERMA Profiler was used to measure participants’ well-being elements, while Connor-Davidson Resiliency Scale-10 (CD-RISC-10) was used to measure their resiliency. Collected data were analyzed using the regression model and necessary condition analysis. This study corroborated that all the five pillars of well-being are significant positive correlates of resiliency (p < 0.00) in quarantined adults. The results shown accomplishment (β = 0.447, p < 0.01) positively predicts resiliency, while negative emotions (β = −0.171, p < 0.00) negatively predict resiliency. Lastly, the five pillars of well-being are necessary-but-not-sufficient conditions (ceiling envelopment with free disposal hull, CE-FDH p < 0.00) of resiliency. Our results cast a new light on well-being elements as constraints rather than enablers of resiliency. This novel result shows that optimum resiliency is only possible when all the five pillars of well-being are taken care of and when a person is at least minimally contented with their physical health. The present findings underscore the importance of a holistic as against an atomistic approach to maintaining good mental health, which suggests that deficiencies in certain areas of well-being may not be fully addressed by overcompensating on other areas, as all five pillars of well-being are necessary-but-not-sufficient conditions of resiliency. The study ends with the recommendation for the use of necessary condition analysis to study both classical and novel psychological research problems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lalaine N Bajin
- Psycli-Nik Psychological Assessment and Intervention Services, Zamboanga City, Philippines
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Levey EJ, Rondon MB, Sanchez S, Williams MA, Gelaye B. Psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the 10-item Connor Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) among adolescent mothers in Peru. JOURNAL OF CHILD & ADOLESCENT TRAUMA 2021; 14:29-40. [PMID: 33708280 PMCID: PMC7900368 DOI: 10.1007/s40653-019-00295-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this research is to assess the psychometric properties of the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) in order to contribute to the literature identifying validated resilience measures in low-resource settings where individuals face significant adversity. This cross-sectional study included 789 adolescent mothers who delivered at a maternity hospital in Lima, Peru. The Spanish version of the 10-item CD-RISC was used to measure resilience. Internal consistency and construct validity were assessed by evaluating individual item characteristics as well as the association of CD-RISC score with symptoms of depression, anxiety and sleep disturbance. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was performed to test the factorial structure of the CD-RISC. The CD-RISC was found to have good internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.85). CD-RISC scores were positively associated with school attendance, financial hardship, and history of childhood abuse; scores were negatively associated with household dysfunction, depression, anxiety and poor sleep quality. The results of the EFA showed that the CD-RISC contained a two-factor solution, which accounted for 46% of the variance. Overall, these findings suggest that the Spanish-language version of the CD-RISC-10 is an adequate measure of resilience in this population. Further research is needed to incorporate culturally-specific constructs into resilience measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth J. Levey
- The Chester M. Pierce, MD Division of Global Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114 USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 USA
- Institute for Juvenile Research, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60608 USA
| | | | - Sixto Sanchez
- Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas, Lima, Peru
| | | | - Bizu Gelaye
- The Chester M. Pierce, MD Division of Global Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114 USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 USA
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115 USA
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Ruiz-Párraga GT, Serrano-Ibáñez ER, Gómez-Pérez L, Ramírez-Maestre C, Esteve R, López-Martínez AE. The relevance of psychological strength for physical and psychological well-being in trauma-exposed women. Scand J Psychol 2021; 62:386-392. [PMID: 33547651 DOI: 10.1111/sjop.12711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Traumatic experiences have consistently been linked to poor health and well-being, particularly in women. Psychological factors have been theorized to directly affect the reporting of physical symptoms and perceptions of general health. Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has been proposed as a major pathway through which trauma affects health and emotion dysregulation. Trauma is considered to be a key psychological variable in the pathogenesis of PTSD. Fortunately, not all women who have experienced trauma manifest adverse effects. Resilience acts as a psychological protective variable following trauma. The present study tested a hypothetical model of the contribution of resilience, emotional dysregulation, and PTSD symptoms to physical and psychological well-being in a large sample of trauma-exposed women. A transversal study with 753 female participants is used. Structural modeling was used to test linear associations between variables. After experiencing trauma, resilience was negatively and significantly associated with emotional dysregulation, which, in turn, was positively associated with PTSD symptoms. Both resilience and PTSD symptoms were associated with physical and psychological well-being. The results suggest that resilience and emotional dysregulation are relevant to the health and well-being of women with PTSD symptoms and may help guide the development of psychological treatment in this group. Therefore, these findings may be relevant in promoting health and well-being in such women, and may help to identify individuals who would receive the most benefit from interventions addressing emotional regulation and psychological resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gema T Ruiz-Párraga
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de Málaga, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Elena R Serrano-Ibáñez
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de Málaga, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Lydia Gómez-Pérez
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Pontificia Católica de Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - Carmen Ramírez-Maestre
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de Málaga, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Rosa Esteve
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de Málaga, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Alicia E López-Martínez
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de Málaga, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
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Swanepoel I, van Staden W, Fletcher L. Psychological Resilience and Vulnerability as Mediators Between Adverse Life Events and Fatigue, Motor Dysfunction, and Paresthesia in Multiple Sclerosis. Psychosom Med 2021; 82:138-146. [PMID: 31860531 DOI: 10.1097/psy.0000000000000770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Adverse life events have been associated with exacerbating multiple sclerosis (MS) symptoms, but results have been variable, raising the question on the role of other psychological factors. This study examined the role of psychological resilience and vulnerability as mediators between adverse life events on MS symptoms. METHODS Participants with MS (N = 1239) were aged 18 to 81 years (mean [SD] = 45.6 [10.4] years), and 84.5% were female. MS symptoms were measured by the modified Fatigue Severity Scale, modified Fatigue Assessment Scale, Motor Dysfunction Assessment Scale, Paraesthesiae Spell Duration Scale, and the Paraesthesiae Cumulative Duration Scale. Psychological measures included the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, Resilience Scale for Adults, Psychological Vulnerability Scale, the vulnerability section of the Defence Style Questionnaire, and the Adverse Life Events Assessment Scale. Regression analyses and structural equation modeling were performed. RESULTS Adverse life events during the preceding 60 days were associated with fatigue, motor dysfunction, and paresthesia, but with small effect sizes (β from 0.07 to 0.15; p ≤ .014). A structural equation model by which resilience mediated less and vulnerability more MS symptoms after adverse life events during the preceding 60 days showed a statistically significant fit with the data of a moderate to good degree (p < .001; goodness-of-fit statistic = 0.725; root mean square error of approximation = 0.047). Vulnerability played a markedly larger role than did resilience. CONCLUSION The results suggest that psychological resilience and vulnerability play mediating roles in the relation between adverse life events and MS symptoms, but other psychological factors also need to be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Swanepoel
- From the Department of Psychiatry (Swanepoel), Centre for Ethics and Philosophy of Health Sciences (van Staden), and Department of Statistics (Fletcher), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
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Jiang N, Cheng J, Ni Z, Ye Y, Hu R, Jiang X. Developing a new individual earthquake resilience questionnaire: A reliability and validity test. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0245662. [PMID: 33481881 PMCID: PMC7822309 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0245662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Earthquakes pose serious threats to the world. Good individual resilience can cope with disaster well, but there were few appropriate assessment tools. The purpose of this study was to develop a new individual earthquake resilience questionnaire and test its reliability and validity. First, we built the framework of the individual earthquake resilience questionnaire based on expert interviews. Then, we established the initial version of questionnaire and used the Delphi method and item selection to modify it by qualitative and quantitative methods. Finally, we built the final version of questionnaire (contained 4 dimensions and 17 items) and tested the reliability and validity. The Cronbach's α values of the four dimensions were between 0.79 and 0.91, the split-half reliabilities were between 0.85 and 0.93, and the test-retest reliabilities were between 0.72 and 0.80. The item content validity indexes were between 0.87-1, and the average questionnaire content validity index was 0.94. The correlation coefficients between each item and dimension with the total questionnaire ranged from 0.79-0.90 and 0.66-0.79, respectively. We used exploratory factor analysis to identify four common factors with a cumulative variance contribution rate of 74.97%. The questionnaire is a valid and reliable tool to measure individual resilience in the context of earthquake disasters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Jiang
- Institute for Disaster Management and Reconstruction, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jingxia Cheng
- West China Hospital/West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhihong Ni
- West China Hospital/West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yansheng Ye
- West China Hospital/West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Rujun Hu
- West China Hospital/West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaolian Jiang
- West China Hospital/West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Zhang A, Shi L, Yan W, Xiao H, Bao Y, Wang Z, Deng J, Ravindran A, Yuan K, Mei H, Shi J, Liu Z, Liu J, Lu L. Mental Health in Children in the Context of COVID-19: Focus on Discharged Children. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:759449. [PMID: 34858232 PMCID: PMC8631929 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.759449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: To date, the mental health consequences of children hospitalized with COVID-19 remain unclear. We aimed to assess mental health status in children in the context of COVID-19, with a focus on discharged children. Methods: We recruited discharged children who recovered from COVID-19 and healthy controls between July and September 2020 in Wuhan Children's Hospital. Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), anxiety, depression, and sleep problems were assessed in these children using questionnaires. Univariable and multivariable logistic and linear regressions were conducted to identify risk factors. Results: Totally, there were 152 children (61 discharged children and 91 healthy controls) aged 7-18 years old in our study. An increasing trend in the prevalence of PTSD, anxiety, and depression was observed in the discharged children compared with healthy controls (PTSD: 8.20 vs. 2.20%, anxiety: 22.95 vs. 13.19%; depression: 47.54 vs. 32.97%). Discharged children tended to report more depressive symptoms (β = 0.39) and less sleep problems (β = -0.37). Discharged children who lived in nuclear families and had longer hospital stays were more likely to report depression [odds ratio (OR) = 3.68 and 1.14, respectively]. Anxiety symptoms and the severity of sleep problems of discharged children were positively associated with caregivers' depression and PTSD symptoms (OR = 21.88 and 31.09, respectively). Conclusion: In conclusion, PTSD, anxiety, and depression symptoms were common among recovered children 4 months after COVID-19 hospitalization. Children from nuclear family and those had longer hospital stays need special attention. In addition, parental mental health had a significant impact on their children's mental resilience and recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anyi Zhang
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Le Shi
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Yan
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Han Xiao
- Institute of Maternal and Child Health, Tongji Medical College, Wuhan Children's Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanping Bao
- Beijing Key Laboratory on Drug Dependence Research, National Institute on Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiahui Deng
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Arun Ravindran
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Kai Yuan
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Mei
- Institute of Maternal and Child Health, Tongji Medical College, Wuhan Children's Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jie Shi
- Beijing Key Laboratory on Drug Dependence Research, National Institute on Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhisheng Liu
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Medical College, Wuhan Children's Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiajia Liu
- School of Nursing, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Lu
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences and IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research at Peking University, Peking University, Beijing, China
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