1
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Tjader NP, Beer AJ, Ramroop J, Tai MC, Ping J, Gandhi T, Dauch C, Neuhausen SL, Ziv E, Sotelo N, Ghanekar S, Meadows O, Paredes M, Gillespie JL, Aeilts AM, Hampel H, Zheng W, Jia G, Hu Q, Wei L, Liu S, Ambrosone CB, Palmer JR, Carpten JD, Yao S, Stevens P, Ho WK, Pan JW, Fadda P, Huo D, Teo SH, McElroy JP, Toland AE. Association of ESR1 Germline Variants with TP53 Somatic Variants in Breast Tumors in a Genome-wide Study. CANCER RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS 2024; 4:1597-1608. [PMID: 38836758 PMCID: PMC11210444 DOI: 10.1158/2767-9764.crc-24-0026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
In breast tumors, somatic mutation frequencies in TP53 and PIK3CA vary by tumor subtype and ancestry. Emerging data suggest tumor mutation status is associated with germline variants and genetic ancestry. We aimed to identify germline variants that are associated with somatic TP53 or PIK3CA mutation status in breast tumors. A genome-wide association study was conducted in 2,850 women of European ancestry with breast cancer using TP53 and PIK3CA mutation status (positive or negative) as well as specific functional categories [e.g., TP53 gain-of-function (GOF) and loss-of-function, PIK3CA activating] as phenotypes. Germline variants showing evidence of association were selected for validation analyses and tested in multiple independent datasets. Discovery association analyses found five variants associated with TP53 mutation status with P values <1 × 10-6 and 33 variants with P values <1 × 10-5. Forty-four variants were associated with PIK3CA mutation status with P values <1 × 10-5. In validation analyses, only variants at the ESR1 locus were associated with TP53 mutation status after multiple comparisons corrections. Combined analyses in European and Malaysian populations found ESR1 locus variants rs9383938 and rs9479090 associated with the presence of TP53 mutations overall (P values 2 × 10-11 and 4.6 × 10-10, respectively). rs9383938 also showed association with TP53 GOF mutations (P value 6.1 × 10-7). rs9479090 showed suggestive evidence (P value 0.02) for association with TP53 mutation status in African ancestry populations. No other variants were significantly associated with TP53 or PIK3CA mutation status. Larger studies are needed to confirm these findings and determine if additional variants contribute to ancestry-specific differences in mutation frequency. SIGNIFICANCE Emerging data show ancestry-specific differences in TP53 and PIK3CA mutation frequency in breast tumors suggesting that germline variants may influence somatic mutational processes. This study identified variants near ESR1 associated with TP53 mutation status and identified additional loci with suggestive association which may provide biological insight into observed differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nijole P. Tjader
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Abigail J. Beer
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Johnny Ramroop
- The City College of New York, City University of New York, New York, New York
| | - Mei-Chee Tai
- Cancer Research Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Jie Ping
- Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Tanish Gandhi
- Biomedical Sciences, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio
- The Ohio State University Medical School, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Cara Dauch
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio
- The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Clinical Trials Office, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Susan L. Neuhausen
- Department of Population Sciences, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California
| | - Elad Ziv
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Nereida Sotelo
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Shreya Ghanekar
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Owen Meadows
- Biomedical Sciences, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Monica Paredes
- Biomedical Sciences, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio
| | | | - Amber M. Aeilts
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Human Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Heather Hampel
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California
| | - Wei Zheng
- Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Guochong Jia
- Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Qiang Hu
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York
| | - Lei Wei
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York
| | - Song Liu
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York
| | - Christine B. Ambrosone
- Department of Cancer Control and Prevention, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York
| | - Julie R. Palmer
- Slone Epidemiology Center at Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - John D. Carpten
- City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, California
- Department of Integrative Translational Sciences, City of Hope, Duarte, California
| | - Song Yao
- Department of Cancer Control and Prevention, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York
| | - Patrick Stevens
- Bioinformatics Shared Resource, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Weang-Kee Ho
- Cancer Research Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
- School of Mathematical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Jia Wern Pan
- Cancer Research Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Paolo Fadda
- Genomics Shared Resource, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Dezheng Huo
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Soo-Hwang Teo
- Cancer Research Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
- Faculty of Medicine, University Malaya Cancer Research Institute, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Joseph Paul McElroy
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, The Ohio State University Center for Biostatistics, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Amanda E. Toland
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Human Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
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Zavala VA, Casavilca-Zambrano S, Navarro-Vásquez J, Castañeda CA, Valencia G, Morante Z, Calderón M, Abugattas JE, Gómez H, Fuentes HA, Liendo-Picoaga R, Cotrina JM, Monge C, Neciosup SP, Huntsman S, Hu D, Sánchez SE, Williams MA, Núñez-Marrero A, Godoy L, Hechmer A, Olshen AB, Dutil J, Ziv E, Zabaleta J, Gelaye B, Vásquez J, Gálvez-Nino M, Enriquez-Vera D, Vidaurre T, Fejerman L. Association between Ancestry-Specific 6q25 Variants and Breast Cancer Subtypes in Peruvian Women. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2022; 31:1602-1609. [PMID: 35654312 PMCID: PMC9662925 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-22-0069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer incidence in the United States is lower in Hispanic/Latina (H/L) compared with African American/Black or Non-Hispanic White women. An Indigenous American breast cancer-protective germline variant (rs140068132) has been reported near the estrogen receptor 1 gene. This study tests the association of rs140068132 and other polymorphisms in the 6q25 region with subtype-specific breast cancer risk in H/Ls of high Indigenous American ancestry. METHODS Genotypes were obtained for 5,094 Peruvian women with (1,755) and without (3,337) breast cancer. Associations between genotype and overall and subtype-specific risk for the protective variant were tested using logistic regression models and conditional analyses, including other risk-associated polymorphisms in the region. RESULTS We replicated the reported association between rs140068132 and breast cancer risk overall [odds ratio (OR), 0.53; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.47-0.59], as well as the lower odds of developing hormone receptor negative (HR-) versus HR+ disease (OR, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.61-0.97). Models, including HER2, showed further heterogeneity with reduced odds for HR+HER2+ (OR, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.51-0.92), HR-HER2+ (OR, 0.63; 95% CI, 0.44-0.90) and HR-HER2- (OR, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.56-1.05) compared with HR+HER2-. Inclusion of other risk-associated variants did not change these observations. CONCLUSIONS The rs140068132 polymorphism is associated with decreased risk of breast cancer in Peruvians and is more protective against HR- and HER2+ diseases independently of other breast cancer-associated variants in the 6q25 region. IMPACT These results could inform functional analyses to understand the mechanism by which rs140068132-G reduces risk of breast cancer development in a subtype-specific manner. They also illustrate the importance of including diverse individuals in genetic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina A. Zavala
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, California
| | | | | | | | | | - Zaida Morante
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplasicas, Lima, Peru
| | | | | | - Henry Gómez
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplasicas, Lima, Peru
| | | | | | | | - Claudia Monge
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplasicas, Lima, Peru
| | | | - Scott Huntsman
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Donglei Hu
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Sixto E. Sánchez
- Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas, Lima, Peru and Asociación Civil Proyectos en Salud (PROESA), Lima, Peru
| | - Michelle A. Williams
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Angel Núñez-Marrero
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Biology Division, Ponce Research Institute, Ponce Health Sciences University, Ponce, Puerto Rico
| | - Lenin Godoy
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Biology Division, Ponce Research Institute, Ponce Health Sciences University, Ponce, Puerto Rico
| | - Aaron Hechmer
- Helen Diller Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Adam B. Olshen
- Helen Diller Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Julie Dutil
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Biology Division, Ponce Research Institute, Ponce Health Sciences University, Ponce, Puerto Rico
| | - Elad Ziv
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Jovanny Zabaleta
- Department of Pediatrics and Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center LSUHSC, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Bizu Gelaye
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jule Vásquez
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplasicas, Lima, Peru
| | | | | | | | - Laura Fejerman
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, California
- UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Davis, California
- Corresponding Author: Laura Fejerman, UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, 451 Health Sciences Drive, Davis, CA 95616. Phone: 530-754-1690; E-mail:
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Relationships of physical and breast cancer phenotypes with three single-nucleotide polymorphisms (rs2046210, rs3757318, and rs3803662) associated with breast cancer risk in Japanese women. Breast Cancer 2020; 28:478-487. [PMID: 33185851 DOI: 10.1007/s12282-020-01185-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent genome-wide association studies have shown that many single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are associated with breast cancer risk. However, it is often unclear how these SNPs are related to breast cancer. Analysis of associations between SNPs and phenotypes may be important for determining mechanisms of action, including carcinogenesis. METHODS In previous case-control studies, we found three SNPs (rs2046210, rs3757318, and rs3573318) associated with breast cancer risk in Japanese women. Among these SNPs, two (rs2046210 and rs3757318) are located at 6q25.1, in proximity to the estrogen receptor 1 gene (ESR1). Using data from these studies, we examined associations between factors related to breast cancer risk, such as height, weight, and breast density, and the three SNPs in cases and controls. We also investigated whether the SNPs correlated with breast cancer features, such as estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PgR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor type-2 (HER2) status, and clinical stage. RESULTS There was a significant difference in mean height between risk and non-risk allele carriers for rs2046210 (156.0 ± 5.8 vs. 154.3 ± 5.5 cm, p = 0.002), and rs3757318 (155.8 ± 5.7 vs. 154.7 ± 5.6 cm, p = 0.035) in cases, but no significant associations between height and these SNPs in controls. There was also a significant difference in breast density between risk and non-risk allele carriers for rs2046210 (p = 0.040) and rs3757318 (p = 0.044) in cases. rs2046210 and rs3757318 risk allele carriers tended to have higher breast density in all subjects and in controls. In cases, rs3757318 risk allele carriers were also significantly more likely to be ER-negative compared to non-risk allele carriers (ER-positive rate: 77% vs. 84%, p = 0.036). CONCLUSIONS SNPs rs2046210 and rs3757318, which are associated with breast cancer risk in Japanese women, were significantly associated with height and high breast density, and this association was particularly strong in those with breast cancer. These findings suggest that SNPs in the ESR1 gene region affect phenotypes such as height and breast density.
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Critical Analysis of Genome-Wide Association Studies: Triple Negative Breast Cancer Quae Exempli Causa. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21165835. [PMID: 32823908 PMCID: PMC7461549 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21165835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) are useful in assessing and analyzing either differences or variations in DNA sequences across the human genome to detect genetic risk factors of diseases prevalent within a target population under study. The ultimate goal of GWAS is to predict either disease risk or disease progression by identifying genetic risk factors. These risk factors will define the biological basis of disease susceptibility for the purposes of developing innovative, preventative, and therapeutic strategies. As single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are often used in GWAS, their relevance for triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) will be assessed in this review. Furthermore, as there are different levels and patterns of linkage disequilibrium (LD) present within different human subpopulations, a plausible strategy to evaluate known SNPs associated with incidence of breast cancer in ethnically different patient cohorts will be presented and discussed. Additionally, a description of GWAS for TNBC will be presented, involving various identified SNPs correlated with miRNA sites to determine their efficacies on either prognosis or progression of TNBC in patients. Although GWAS have identified multiple common breast cancer susceptibility variants that individually would result in minor risks, it is their combined effects that would likely result in major risks. Thus, one approach to quantify synergistic effects of such common variants is to utilize polygenic risk scores. Therefore, studies utilizing predictive risk scores (PRSs) based on known breast cancer susceptibility SNPs will be evaluated. Such PRSs are potentially useful in improving stratification for screening, particularly when combining family history, other risk factors, and risk prediction models. In conclusion, although interpretation of the results from GWAS remains a challenge, the use of SNPs associated with TNBC may elucidate and better contextualize these studies.
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Yuan TA, Yourk V, Farhat A, Guo KL, Garcia A, Meyskens FL, Liu-Smith F. A Possible Link of Genetic Variations in ER/IGF1R Pathway and Risk of Melanoma. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21051776. [PMID: 32150843 PMCID: PMC7084478 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21051776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanism of gender disparity in cutaneous melanoma incidence remains unclear. Steroid hormones including estrogens have long been implicated in the course of melanoma, but the conclusion is controversial. Estrogen receptors (ERs) and insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R) show extensive crosstalk in cancer development, but how the ER/IGF1R network impacts melanoma is currently unclear. Here we studied the melanoma associations of selected SNPs from the ER/IGF1R network. Part of the International Genes, Environment, and Melanoma (GEM) cohort was used as a discovery set, and the Gene Environment Association Studies Initiative (GENEVA) dataset served as a validation set. Based on the associations with other malignant disease conditions, thirteen single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) variants in ESR1, ESR2, IGF1, and IGF1R were selected for candidate gene association analyses. The rs1520220 in IGF1 and rs2229765 in IGF1R variants were significantly associated with melanoma risk in the GEM dataset after Benjamini-Hochberg multiple comparison correction, although they were not validated in the GENEVA set. The discrepancy may be caused by the multiple melanoma characteristics in the GEM patients. Further analysis of gender disparity was carried out for IGF1 and IGF1R SNPs in the GEM dataset. The GG phenotype in IGF1 rs1520220 (recessive model) presented an increased risk of melanoma (OR = 8.11, 95% CI: 2.20, 52.5, p = 0.006) in men but a significant opposite effect in women (OR = 0.15, 95% CI: 0.018, 0.86, p = 0.045). The AA genotype in IGF1R rs2229765 (recessive model) showed a significant protective effect in men (OR = 0.24, 95% CI: 0.07, 0.64, p = 0.008) and no effect in women. Results from the current study are warranted for further validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tze-An Yuan
- Program in Public Health, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; (T.-A.Y.); (F.L.M.)
| | - Vandy Yourk
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, School of Biological Sciences, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA;
| | - Ali Farhat
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA;
| | - Katherine L. Guo
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA;
| | - Angela Garcia
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA;
| | - Frank L. Meyskens
- Program in Public Health, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; (T.-A.Y.); (F.L.M.)
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA;
- Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Feng Liu-Smith
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA;
- Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-949-824-2778
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He Y, Liu H, Chen Q, Shao Y, Luo S. Relationships between SNPs and prognosis of breast cancer and pathogenic mechanism. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2019; 7:e871. [PMID: 31317673 PMCID: PMC6732281 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2018] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Association between several single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and breast cancer risk has been identified through genome‐wide association studies (GWAS), but little is known about their significance in patients’ prognosis. We screened SNPs which were related to the prognosis of breast cancer in Henan Han population, analyzed relevant genes by bioinformatics in database, and further constructed the genetic regulatory network involved in the pathogenesis of breast cancer. Methods We evaluated five SNPs in 232 cases of breast cancer at the Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Zhengzhou University. Relationships between five SNPs, clinical prognostic indicators, and disease‐free survival (DFS) were evaluated by Kaplan–Meier analysis and Cox proportional hazards model. Gene ontology (GO) functional annotation and Kyoto Encyclopedia of genes and Genome (KEGG) analysis were carried out to preliminarily establish genetic regulation network model of breast cancer. Bayesian algorithm was used to optimize the model. Results The multivariate Cox proportional hazards model confirmed that SNP rs3803662 (TOX3/TNRC9) had correlation with DFS independently. In the multivariate Cox proportional hazards model, compared with GA/AA, GG increased the recurrent risk of breast cancer (p = .021, hazard ratio [HR] = 2.914). GO analysis showed that the function of TOX3/TNRC9 included biological_process, molecular_function, and cellular_component. According to KEGG signaling pathway database, the map of breast cancer‐related gene regulatory network was obtained. IGF‐IGF1R‐PI3K‐Akt‐mTOR‐S6K was the best possible pathway for the differentiation of breast cancer cells in this network and ER‐TOX3/TNRC9 was the best possible pathway for the survival of tumor cells in this network by Bayesian theorem optimization. Conclusions SNP rs3803662 (TOX3/TNRC9) is an independent prognostic factor for breast cancer in Henan Han Population. ER‐TOX3/TNRC9 is the best possible pathway involved in the pathogenesis of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaning He
- Department of Breast Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Zhengzhou University (Henan Cancer Hospital), Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Zhengzhou University (Henan Cancer Hospital), Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qi Chen
- Department of Breast Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Zhengzhou University (Henan Cancer Hospital), Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yingbo Shao
- Department of Breast Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Zhengzhou University (Henan Cancer Hospital), Zhengzhou, China
| | - Suxia Luo
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Zhengzhou University (Henan Cancer Hospital), Zhengzhou, China
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Jin TF, Zhang WT, Zhou ZF. The 6q25.1 rs2046210 polymorphism is associated with an elevated susceptibility to breast cancer: A meta-analysis of 261,703 subjects. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2019; 7:e553. [PMID: 30693664 PMCID: PMC6418377 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several genome-wide association studies already explored the associations between 6q25.1 rs2046210 polymorphism and breast cancer (BC), but the results of these studies were not consistent. Thus, we conducted a meta-analysis of relevant studies to better analyze the effects of rs2046210 polymorphism on individual susceptibility to BC. METHODS PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase were searched for eligible studies. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. RESULTS Totally 21 studies with 261,703 subjects were analyzed. A significant association with BC was observed for the rs2046210 polymorphism in GG versus GA +AA (dominant comparison, p < 0.0001, OR = 0.78, 95% CI 0.73-0.83), AA versus GG + GA (recessive comparison, p < 0.0001, OR = 1.21, 95% CI 1.18-1.24), GA versus GG + AA (overdominant comparison, p < 0.0001, OR = 1.12, 95% CI 1.08-1.16), and G versus A (allele comparison, p < 0.0001, OR = 0.86, 95% CI 0.82-0.89). Further subgroup analyses yielded similar positive results in both Asians and Caucasians. CONCLUSION In summary, our findings suggested that the rs2046210 polymorphism may serve as a potential genetic biomarker of BC in both Asians and Caucasians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tie-Feng Jin
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wen-Ting Zhang
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhen-Feng Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Identification of novel common breast cancer risk variants at the 6q25 locus among Latinas. Breast Cancer Res 2019; 21:3. [PMID: 30642363 PMCID: PMC6332913 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-018-1085-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Breast cancer is a partially heritable trait and genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified over 180 common genetic variants associated with breast cancer. We have previously performed breast cancer GWAS in Latinas and identified a strongly protective single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) at 6q25, with the protective minor allele originating from indigenous American ancestry. Here we report on fine mapping of the 6q25 locus in an expanded sample of Latinas. Methods We performed GWAS in 2385 cases and 6416 controls who were either US Latinas or Mexican women. We replicated the top SNPs in 2412 cases and 1620 controls of US Latina, Mexican, and Colombian women. In addition, we validated the top novel variants in studies of African, Asian and European ancestry. In each dataset we used logistic regression models to test the association between SNPs and breast cancer risk and corrected for genetic ancestry using either principal components or genetic ancestry inferred from ancestry informative markers using a model-based approach. Results We identified a novel set of SNPs at the 6q25 locus associated with genome-wide levels of significance (p = 3.3 × 10− 8 - 6.0 × 10− 9) not in linkage disequilibrium (LD) with variants previously reported at this locus. These SNPs were in high LD (r2 > 0.9) with each other, with the top SNP, rs3778609, associated with breast cancer with an odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) of 0.76 (0.70–0.84). In a replication in women of Latin American origin, we also observed a consistent effect (OR 0.88; 95% CI 0.78–0.99; p = 0.037). We also performed a meta-analysis of these SNPs in East Asians, African ancestry and European ancestry populations and also observed a consistent effect (rs3778609, OR 0.95; 95% CI 0.91–0.97; p = 0.0017). Conclusion Our study adds to evidence about the importance of the 6q25 locus for breast cancer susceptibility. Our finding also highlights the utility of performing additional searches for genetic variants for breast cancer in non-European populations. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13058-018-1085-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Flister MJ, Bergom C. Genetic Modifiers of the Breast Tumor Microenvironment. Trends Cancer 2018; 4:429-444. [PMID: 29860987 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2018.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Revised: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Multiple nonmalignant cell types in the tumor microenvironment (TME) impact breast cancer risk, metastasis, and response to therapy, yet most heritable mechanisms that influence TME cell function and breast cancer outcomes are largely unknown. Breast cancer risk is ∼30% heritable and >170 genetic loci have been associated with breast cancer traits. However, the majority of candidate genes have poorly defined mechanistic roles in breast cancer biology. Research indicates that breast cancer risk modifiers directly impact cancer cells, yet it is equally plausible that some modifier alleles impact the nonmalignant TME. The objective of this review is to examine the list of current breast cancer candidate genes that may modify breast cancer risk and outcome through the TME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Flister
- Genomic Sciences and Precision Medicine Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA; Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA; Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA.
| | - Carmen Bergom
- Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA; Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
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Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified approximately 100 breast cancer risk loci. Translating these findings into a greater understanding of the mechanisms that influence disease risk requires identification of the genes or non-coding RNAs that mediate these associations. Here, we use Capture Hi-C (CHi-C) to annotate 63 loci; we identify 110 putative target genes at 33 loci. To assess the support for these target genes in other data sources we test for associations between levels of expression and SNP genotype (eQTLs), disease-specific survival (DSS), and compare them with somatically mutated cancer genes. 22 putative target genes are eQTLs, 32 are associated with DSS and 14 are somatically mutated in breast, or other, cancers. Identifying the target genes at GWAS risk loci will lead to a greater understanding of the mechanisms that influence breast cancer risk and prognosis.
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11
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Evaluation of three polygenic risk score models for the prediction of breast cancer risk in Singapore Chinese. Oncotarget 2018; 9:12796-12804. [PMID: 29560110 PMCID: PMC5849174 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have proven highly successful in identifying single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with breast cancer (BC) risk. The majority of these studies are on European populations, with limited SNP association data in other populations. We genotyped 51 GWAS-identified SNPs in two independent cohorts of Singaporean Chinese. Cohort 1 comprised 1294 BC cases and 885 controls and was used to determine odds ratios (ORs); Cohort 2 had 301 BC cases and 243 controls for deriving polygenic risk scores (PRS). After age-adjustment, 11 SNPs were found to be significantly associated with BC risk. Five SNPs were present in <1% of Cohort 1 and were excluded from further PRS analysis. To assess the cumulative effect of the remaining 46 SNPs on BC risk, we generated three PRS models: Model-1 included 46 SNPs; Model-2 included 11 statistically significant SNPs; and Model-3 included the SNPs in Model-2 but excluded SNPs that were in strong linkage disequilibrium with the others. Across Models-1, -2 and -3, women in the highest PRS quartile had the greatest ORs of 1.894 (95% CI = 1.157–3.100), 2.013 (95% CI = 1.227–3.302) and 1.751 (95% CI = 1.073–2.856) respectively, suggesting a direct correlation between PRS and BC risk. Given the potential of PRS in BC risk stratification, our findings suggest the need to tailor the selection of SNPs to be included in an ethnic-specific PRS model.
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12
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Milne RL, Kuchenbaecker KB, Michailidou K, Beesley J, Kar S, Lindström S, Hui S, Lemaçon A, Soucy P, Dennis J, Jiang X, Rostamianfar A, Finucane H, Bolla MK, McGuffog L, Wang Q, Aalfs CM, Adams M, Adlard J, Agata S, Ahmed S, Ahsan H, Aittomäki K, Al-Ejeh F, Allen J, Ambrosone CB, Amos CI, Andrulis IL, Anton-Culver H, Antonenkova NN, Arndt V, Arnold N, Aronson KJ, Auber B, Auer PL, Ausems MGEM, Azzollini J, Bacot F, Balmaña J, Barile M, Barjhoux L, Barkardottir RB, Barrdahl M, Barnes D, Barrowdale D, Baynes C, Beckmann MW, Benitez J, Bermisheva M, Bernstein L, Bignon YJ, Blazer KR, Blok MJ, Blomqvist C, Blot W, Bobolis K, Boeckx B, Bogdanova NV, Bojesen A, Bojesen SE, Bonanni B, Børresen-Dale AL, Bozsik A, Bradbury AR, Brand JS, Brauch H, Brenner H, Bressac-de Paillerets B, Brewer C, Brinton L, Broberg P, Brooks-Wilson A, Brunet J, Brüning T, Burwinkel B, Buys SS, Byun J, Cai Q, Caldés T, Caligo MA, Campbell I, Canzian F, Caron O, Carracedo A, Carter BD, Castelao JE, Castera L, Caux-Moncoutier V, Chan SB, Chang-Claude J, Chanock SJ, Chen X, Cheng TYD, Chiquette J, Christiansen H, Claes KBM, Clarke CL, Conner T, Conroy DM, Cook J, Cordina-Duverger E, Cornelissen S, Coupier I, Cox A, Cox DG, Cross SS, Cuk K, Cunningham JM, Czene K, Daly MB, Damiola F, Darabi H, Davidson R, De Leeneer K, Devilee P, Dicks E, Diez O, Ding YC, Ditsch N, Doheny KF, Domchek SM, Dorfling CM, Dörk T, Dos-Santos-Silva I, Dubois S, Dugué PA, Dumont M, Dunning AM, Durcan L, Dwek M, Dworniczak B, Eccles D, Eeles R, Ehrencrona H, Eilber U, Ejlertsen B, Ekici AB, Eliassen AH, Engel C, Eriksson M, Fachal L, Faivre L, Fasching PA, Faust U, Figueroa J, Flesch-Janys D, Fletcher O, Flyger H, Foulkes WD, Friedman E, Fritschi L, Frost D, Gabrielson M, Gaddam P, Gammon MD, Ganz PA, Gapstur SM, Garber J, Garcia-Barberan V, García-Sáenz JA, Gaudet MM, Gauthier-Villars M, Gehrig A, Georgoulias V, Gerdes AM, Giles GG, Glendon G, Godwin AK, Goldberg MS, Goldgar DE, González-Neira A, Goodfellow P, Greene MH, Alnæs GIG, Grip M, Gronwald J, Grundy A, Gschwantler-Kaulich D, Guénel P, Guo Q, Haeberle L, Hahnen E, Haiman CA, Håkansson N, Hallberg E, Hamann U, Hamel N, Hankinson S, Hansen TVO, Harrington P, Hart SN, Hartikainen JM, Healey CS, Hein A, Helbig S, Henderson A, Heyworth J, Hicks B, Hillemanns P, Hodgson S, Hogervorst FB, Hollestelle A, Hooning MJ, Hoover B, Hopper JL, Hu C, Huang G, Hulick PJ, Humphreys K, Hunter DJ, Imyanitov EN, Isaacs C, Iwasaki M, Izatt L, Jakubowska A, James P, Janavicius R, Janni W, Jensen UB, John EM, Johnson N, Jones K, Jones M, Jukkola-Vuorinen A, Kaaks R, Kabisch M, Kaczmarek K, Kang D, Kast K, Keeman R, Kerin MJ, Kets CM, Keupers M, Khan S, Khusnutdinova E, Kiiski JI, Kim SW, Knight JA, Konstantopoulou I, Kosma VM, Kristensen VN, Kruse TA, Kwong A, Lænkholm AV, Laitman Y, Lalloo F, Lambrechts D, Landsman K, Lasset C, Lazaro C, Le Marchand L, Lecarpentier J, Lee A, Lee E, Lee JW, Lee MH, Lejbkowicz F, Lesueur F, Li J, Lilyquist J, Lincoln A, Lindblom A, Lissowska J, Lo WY, Loibl S, Long J, Loud JT, Lubinski J, Luccarini C, Lush M, MacInnis RJ, Maishman T, Makalic E, Kostovska IM, Malone KE, Manoukian S, Manson JE, Margolin S, Martens JWM, Martinez ME, Matsuo K, Mavroudis D, Mazoyer S, McLean C, Meijers-Heijboer H, Menéndez P, Meyer J, Miao H, Miller A, Miller N, Mitchell G, Montagna M, Muir K, Mulligan AM, Mulot C, Nadesan S, Nathanson KL, Neuhausen SL, Nevanlinna H, Nevelsteen I, Niederacher D, Nielsen SF, Nordestgaard BG, Norman A, Nussbaum RL, Olah E, Olopade OI, Olson JE, Olswold C, Ong KR, Oosterwijk JC, Orr N, Osorio A, Pankratz VS, Papi L, Park-Simon TW, Paulsson-Karlsson Y, Lloyd R, Pedersen IS, Peissel B, Peixoto A, Perez JIA, Peterlongo P, Peto J, Pfeiler G, Phelan CM, Pinchev M, Plaseska-Karanfilska D, Poppe B, Porteous ME, Prentice R, Presneau N, Prokofieva D, Pugh E, Pujana MA, Pylkäs K, Rack B, Radice P, Rahman N, Rantala J, Rappaport-Fuerhauser C, Rennert G, Rennert HS, Rhenius V, Rhiem K, Richardson A, Rodriguez GC, Romero A, Romm J, Rookus MA, Rudolph A, Ruediger T, Saloustros E, Sanders J, Sandler DP, Sangrajrang S, Sawyer EJ, Schmidt DF, Schoemaker MJ, Schumacher F, Schürmann P, Schwentner L, Scott C, Scott RJ, Seal S, Senter L, Seynaeve C, Shah M, Sharma P, Shen CY, Sheng X, Shimelis H, Shrubsole MJ, Shu XO, Side LE, Singer CF, Sohn C, Southey MC, Spinelli JJ, Spurdle AB, Stegmaier C, Stoppa-Lyonnet D, Sukiennicki G, Surowy H, Sutter C, Swerdlow A, Szabo CI, Tamimi RM, Tan YY, Taylor JA, Tejada MI, Tengström M, Teo SH, Terry MB, Tessier DC, Teulé A, Thöne K, Thull DL, Tibiletti MG, Tihomirova L, Tischkowitz M, Toland AE, Tollenaar RAEM, Tomlinson I, Tong L, Torres D, Tranchant M, Truong T, Tucker K, Tung N, Tyrer J, Ulmer HU, Vachon C, van Asperen CJ, Van Den Berg D, van den Ouweland AMW, van Rensburg EJ, Varesco L, Varon-Mateeva R, Vega A, Viel A, Vijai J, Vincent D, Vollenweider J, Walker L, Wang Z, Wang-Gohrke S, Wappenschmidt B, Weinberg CR, Weitzel JN, Wendt C, Wesseling J, Whittemore AS, Wijnen JT, Willett W, Winqvist R, Wolk A, Wu AH, Xia L, Yang XR, Yannoukakos D, Zaffaroni D, Zheng W, Zhu B, Ziogas A, Ziv E, Zorn KK, Gago-Dominguez M, Mannermaa A, Olsson H, Teixeira MR, Stone J, Offit K, Ottini L, Park SK, Thomassen M, Hall P, Meindl A, Schmutzler RK, Droit A, Bader GD, Pharoah PDP, Couch FJ, Easton DF, Kraft P, Chenevix-Trench G, García-Closas M, Schmidt MK, Antoniou AC, Simard J. Identification of ten variants associated with risk of estrogen-receptor-negative breast cancer. Nat Genet 2017; 49:1767-1778. [PMID: 29058716 PMCID: PMC5808456 DOI: 10.1038/ng.3785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 254] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Most common breast cancer susceptibility variants have been identified through genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of predominantly estrogen receptor (ER)-positive disease. We conducted a GWAS using 21,468 ER-negative cases and 100,594 controls combined with 18,908 BRCA1 mutation carriers (9,414 with breast cancer), all of European origin. We identified independent associations at P < 5 × 10-8 with ten variants at nine new loci. At P < 0.05, we replicated associations with 10 of 11 variants previously reported in ER-negative disease or BRCA1 mutation carrier GWAS and observed consistent associations with ER-negative disease for 105 susceptibility variants identified by other studies. These 125 variants explain approximately 16% of the familial risk of this breast cancer subtype. There was high genetic correlation (0.72) between risk of ER-negative breast cancer and breast cancer risk for BRCA1 mutation carriers. These findings may lead to improved risk prediction and inform further fine-mapping and functional work to better understand the biological basis of ER-negative breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger L Milne
- Cancer Epidemiology and Intelligence Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Karoline B Kuchenbaecker
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | - Kyriaki Michailidou
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Electron Microscopy/Molecular Pathology, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Jonathan Beesley
- Cancer Division, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Siddhartha Kar
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sara Lindström
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Shirley Hui
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Audrey Lemaçon
- Genomics Center, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec Research Center, Laval University, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Penny Soucy
- Genomics Center, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec Research Center, Laval University, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Joe Dennis
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Xia Jiang
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Hilary Finucane
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Mathematics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Manjeet K Bolla
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Lesley McGuffog
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Qin Wang
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Cora M Aalfs
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marcia Adams
- Center for Inherited Disease Research (CIDR), Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Julian Adlard
- Yorkshire Regional Genetics Service, Chapel Allerton Hospital, Leeds, UK
| | - Simona Agata
- Immunology and Molecular Oncology Unit, Istituto Oncologico Veneto (IOV), IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | - Shahana Ahmed
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Habibul Ahsan
- Center for Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Kristiina Aittomäki
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Fares Al-Ejeh
- Personalised Medicine Team, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jamie Allen
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Christopher I Amos
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Department of Biomedical Data Science, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Irene L Andrulis
- Fred A. Litwin Center for Cancer Genetics, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hoda Anton-Culver
- Department of Epidemiology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Natalia N Antonenkova
- N.N. Alexandrov Research Institute of Oncology and Medical Radiology, Minsk, Belarus
| | - Volker Arndt
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Norbert Arnold
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology / Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Christian-Albrechts University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Kristan J Aronson
- Department of Public Health Sciences and Cancer Research Institute, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bernd Auber
- Institute of Human Genetics, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Paul L Auer
- Cancer Prevention Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Zilber School of Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Margreet G E M Ausems
- Department of Medical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Jacopo Azzollini
- Unit of Medical Genetics, Department of Preventive and Predictive Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS (Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico), Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori (INT), Milan, Italy
| | - François Bacot
- McGill University and Génome Québec Innovation Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Judith Balmaña
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital, Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Monica Barile
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Genetics, Istituto Europeo di Oncologia, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Rosa B Barkardottir
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Department of Pathology, Landspitali, Reykjavik, Iceland
- BMC (Biomedical Centre), Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Myrto Barrdahl
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Daniel Barnes
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Daniel Barrowdale
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Caroline Baynes
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Matthias W Beckmann
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Javier Benitez
- Human Genotyping Unit -Centro Nacional de Genotipado (CEGEN), Human Cancer Genetics Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
- Human Genetics Group, Human Cancer Genetics Programme, Spanish National Cancer Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
- Spanish Network on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marina Bermisheva
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa, Russian Federation
| | - Leslie Bernstein
- Department of Population Sciences, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Yves-Jean Bignon
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INSERM, U1240, Imagerie Moléculaire et Stratégies Théranostiques, Centre Jean Perrin, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | - Marinus J Blok
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Carl Blomqvist
- Department of Oncology, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - William Blot
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- International Epidemiology Institute, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Kristie Bobolis
- City of Hope Clinical Cancer Genomics Community Research Network, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Bram Boeckx
- Vesalius Research Center, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory for Translational Genetics, Department of Oncology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Natalia V Bogdanova
- N.N. Alexandrov Research Institute of Oncology and Medical Radiology, Minsk, Belarus
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Gynaecology Research Unit, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Anders Bojesen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Vejle Hospital, Vejle, Denmark
| | - Stig E Bojesen
- Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bernardo Bonanni
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Genetics, Istituto Europeo di Oncologia, Milan, Italy
| | - Anne-Lise Børresen-Dale
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Aniko Bozsik
- Department of Molecular Genetics, National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Angela R Bradbury
- Department of Medicine, Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Judith S Brand
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hiltrud Brauch
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany
- University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hermann Brenner
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Preventive Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Carole Brewer
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, Exeter, UK
| | - Louise Brinton
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Per Broberg
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Angela Brooks-Wilson
- Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Joan Brunet
- Genetic Counseling Unit, Hereditary Cancer Program, IDIBGI (Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona), Catalan Institute of Oncology, Girona, Spain
| | - Thomas Brüning
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum (IPA), Bochum, Germany
| | - Barbara Burwinkel
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Molecular Epidemiology Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Saundra S Buys
- Department of Medicine, Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Jinyoung Byun
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Department of Biomedical Data Science, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Qiuyin Cai
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Trinidad Caldés
- Medical Oncology Department, CIBERONC, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria A Caligo
- Section of Molecular Genetics, Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Pisa and University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Ian Campbell
- Research Department, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Federico Canzian
- Genomic Epidemiology Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Olivier Caron
- Gustave Roussy, Biopathology Department, Villejuif, France
| | - Angel Carracedo
- Genomic Medicine Group, Galician Foundation of Genomic Medicine, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago, Servizo Galego de Saúde SERGAS, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER) and Centro Nacional de Genotipado (CEGEN-PRB2), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Brian D Carter
- Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - J Esteban Castelao
- Oncology and Genetics Unit, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica (IBI) de Orense-Pontevedra-Vigo, Xerencia de Xestión Integrada de Vigo, Servizo Galego de Saúde SERGAS, Vigo, Spain
| | | | - Virginie Caux-Moncoutier
- Service de Génétique Oncologique and INSERM U830, Institut Curie, Paris, France - Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité
| | | | - Jenny Chang-Claude
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- University Cancer Center Hamburg (UCCH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stephen J Chanock
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Xiaoqing Chen
- Cancer Division, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ting-Yuan David Cheng
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Population Sciences, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Jocelyne Chiquette
- Unité de Recherche en Santé des Populations, Centre des Maladies du Sein Deschênes-Fabia, Hôpital du Saint-Sacrement, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Hans Christiansen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Christine L Clarke
- Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Thomas Conner
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Don M Conroy
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jackie Cook
- Sheffield Clinical Genetics Service, Sheffield Children's Hospital, Sheffield, UK
| | - Emilie Cordina-Duverger
- Cancer and Environment Group, Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), INSERM, University Paris-Sud, University Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Sten Cornelissen
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Isabelle Coupier
- Unité d'Oncogénétique, CHU Arnaud de Villeneuve, Montpellier, France
| | - Angela Cox
- Academic Unit of Molecular Oncology, Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - David G Cox
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- INSERM U1052, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Simon S Cross
- Academic Unit of Pathology, Department of Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Katarina Cuk
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Julie M Cunningham
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Kamila Czene
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mary B Daly
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Hatef Darabi
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rosemarie Davidson
- Department of Clinical Genetics, South Glasgow University Hospitals, Glasgow, UK
| | - Kim De Leeneer
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Peter Devilee
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Ed Dicks
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Orland Diez
- Oncogenetics Group, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Clinical and Molecular Genetics Area, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Yuan Chun Ding
- Department of Population Sciences, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Nina Ditsch
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Kimberly F Doheny
- Center for Inherited Disease Research (CIDR), Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Susan M Domchek
- Department of Medicine, Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Cecilia M Dorfling
- Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Department of Genetics, University of Pretoria, Arcadia, South Africa
| | - Thilo Dörk
- Gynaecology Research Unit, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Isabel Dos-Santos-Silva
- Department of Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Stéphane Dubois
- Genomics Center, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec Research Center, Laval University, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Pierre-Antoine Dugué
- Cancer Epidemiology and Intelligence Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Martine Dumont
- Genomics Center, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec Research Center, Laval University, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Alison M Dunning
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Lorraine Durcan
- Southampton Clinical Trials Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Cancer Sciences Academic Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Miriam Dwek
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Westminster, London, UK
| | - Bernd Dworniczak
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Diana Eccles
- Cancer Sciences Academic Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Ros Eeles
- Oncogenetics Team, The Institute of Cancer Research and Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Hans Ehrencrona
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Lund University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Ursula Eilber
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Bent Ejlertsen
- Department of Oncology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Arif B Ekici
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen, Germany
| | - A Heather Eliassen
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Christoph Engel
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- LIFE-Leipzig Research Centre for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Mikael Eriksson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Laura Fachal
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Laurence Faivre
- Genetics Department, Dijon University Hospital, Dijon, France
- Oncogenetics, Centre Georges-François Leclerc, Dijon, France
| | - Peter A Fasching
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen, Germany
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Ulrike Faust
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jonine Figueroa
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland, USA
- Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, CRUK Edinburgh Centre, University of Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Dieter Flesch-Janys
- Institute for Medical Biometrics and Epidemiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Clinical Cancer Registry, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Olivia Fletcher
- Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Henrik Flyger
- Department of Breast Surgery, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - William D Foulkes
- Program in Cancer Genetics, Departments of Human Genetics and Oncology, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Eitan Friedman
- Susanne Levy Gertner Oncogenetics Unit, Institute of Human Genetics, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Israel
| | - Lin Fritschi
- School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Debra Frost
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Marike Gabrielson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Pragna Gaddam
- Clinical Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Marilie D Gammon
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Patricia A Ganz
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Control Research, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Schools of Medicine and Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Susan M Gapstur
- Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Judy Garber
- Cancer Risk and Prevention Clinic, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - José A García-Sáenz
- Medical Oncology Department, CIBERONC, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mia M Gaudet
- Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Marion Gauthier-Villars
- Service de Génétique Oncologique and INSERM U830, Institut Curie, Paris, France - Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité
| | - Andrea Gehrig
- Centre of Familial Breast and Ovarian Cancer, Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Human Genetics, University Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | | | - Anne-Marie Gerdes
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Graham G Giles
- Cancer Epidemiology and Intelligence Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gord Glendon
- Fred A. Litwin Center for Cancer Genetics, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrew K Godwin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Mark S Goldberg
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology, Royal Victoria Hospital, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - David E Goldgar
- Department of Dermatology, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Anna González-Neira
- Human Genotyping Unit -Centro Nacional de Genotipado (CEGEN), Human Cancer Genetics Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Paul Goodfellow
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ohio State University James Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Mark H Greene
- Clinical Genetics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, US National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Grethe I Grenaker Alnæs
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mervi Grip
- Department of Surgery, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Jacek Gronwald
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Anne Grundy
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de Université de Montréal (CHUM), Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Daphne Gschwantler-Kaulich
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Pascal Guénel
- Cancer and Environment Group, Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), INSERM, University Paris-Sud, University Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Qi Guo
- Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Lothar Haeberle
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Eric Hahnen
- Center for Familial Breast and Ovarian Cancer, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO), University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Christopher A Haiman
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Niclas Håkansson
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Emily Hallberg
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Ute Hamann
- Molecular Genetics of Breast Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nathalie Hamel
- McGill University and Génome Québec Innovation Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Susan Hankinson
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Thomas V O Hansen
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Patricia Harrington
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Steven N Hart
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Jaana M Hartikainen
- Translational Cancer Research Area, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Imaging Center, Department of Clinical Pathology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Catherine S Healey
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Alexander Hein
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sonja Helbig
- Gynaecology Research Unit, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Alex Henderson
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Centre for Life, Newcastle-upon-Tyne Hospitals NHS Trust, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
| | - Jane Heyworth
- School of Population Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Belynda Hicks
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory (CGR), Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Peter Hillemanns
- Gynaecology Research Unit, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Shirley Hodgson
- Medical Genetics Unit, St George's, University of London, London, UK
| | - Frans B Hogervorst
- Family Cancer Clinic, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Antoinette Hollestelle
- Department of Medical Oncology, Family Cancer Clinic, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Maartje J Hooning
- Department of Medical Oncology, Family Cancer Clinic, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Bob Hoover
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - John L Hopper
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Chunling Hu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Guanmengqian Huang
- Molecular Genetics of Breast Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter J Hulick
- Center for Medical Genetics, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, Illinois, USA
- Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Evanston, Illinois, USA
| | - Keith Humphreys
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - David J Hunter
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Claudine Isaacs
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Motoki Iwasaki
- Division of Epidemiology, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Louise Izatt
- Clinical Genetics, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Anna Jakubowska
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Paul James
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Familial Cancer Centre, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ramunas Janavicius
- State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Wolfgang Janni
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Uffe Birk Jensen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Esther M John
- Department of Epidemiology, Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, California, USA
- Department of Health Research and Policy, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Nichola Johnson
- Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Kristine Jones
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory (CGR), Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Michael Jones
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | | | - Rudolf Kaaks
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Maria Kabisch
- Molecular Genetics of Breast Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Katarzyna Kaczmarek
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Daehee Kang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Karin Kast
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Renske Keeman
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Michael J Kerin
- School of Medicine, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Carolien M Kets
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Machteld Keupers
- Leuven Multidisciplinary Breast Center, Department of Oncology, Leuven Cancer Institute, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sofia Khan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Elza Khusnutdinova
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa, Russian Federation
- Department of Genetics and Fundamental Medicine, Bashkir State University, Ufa, Russian Federation
| | - Johanna I Kiiski
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sung-Won Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Julia A Knight
- Prosserman Centre for Health Research, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Epidemiology, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Irene Konstantopoulou
- Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory, INRASTES, National Centre for Scientific Research 'Demokritos', Athens, Greece
| | - Veli-Matti Kosma
- Translational Cancer Research Area, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Imaging Center, Department of Clinical Pathology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Vessela N Kristensen
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Torben A Kruse
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Ava Kwong
- Hong Kong Hereditary Breast Cancer Family Registry, Hong Kong
- Department of Surgery, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Department of Surgery, Hong Kong Sanatorium and Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - Anne-Vibeke Lænkholm
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital of Region Zealand, Division Slagelse, Slagelse, Denmark
| | - Yael Laitman
- Susanne Levy Gertner Oncogenetics Unit, Institute of Human Genetics, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Fiona Lalloo
- Genetic Medicine, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Diether Lambrechts
- Vesalius Research Center, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory for Translational Genetics, Department of Oncology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Christine Lasset
- Unité de Prévention et d'Epidémiologie Génétique, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Conxi Lazaro
- Molecular Diagnostic Unit, Hereditary Cancer Program, IDIBELL (Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute), Catalan Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Julie Lecarpentier
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Andrew Lee
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Eunjung Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jong Won Lee
- Department of Surgery, University of Ulsan College of Medicine and Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Hyuk Lee
- Department of Surgery, Soonchunhyang University and Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Fabienne Lesueur
- Institut Curie, Paris, France
- PSL Research University, Paris, France
- INSERM U900, Paris, France
- Mines Paris Tech, Fontainebleau, France
| | - Jingmei Li
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jenna Lilyquist
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona, USA
| | - Anne Lincoln
- Clinical Genetics Research Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Annika Lindblom
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jolanta Lissowska
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, M. Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Wing-Yee Lo
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany
- University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Jirong Long
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Jennifer T Loud
- Clinical Genetics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, US National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jan Lubinski
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Craig Luccarini
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Michael Lush
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Robert J MacInnis
- Cancer Epidemiology and Intelligence Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Tom Maishman
- Southampton Clinical Trials Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Cancer Sciences Academic Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Enes Makalic
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ivana Maleva Kostovska
- Research Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology 'Georgi D. Efremov', Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Skopje, Macedonia
| | - Kathleen E Malone
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Epidemiology Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Siranoush Manoukian
- Unit of Medical Genetics, Department of Preventive and Predictive Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS (Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico), Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori (INT), Milan, Italy
| | - JoAnn E Manson
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sara Margolin
- Department of Oncology, Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - John W M Martens
- Department of Medical Oncology, Family Cancer Clinic, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Maria Elena Martinez
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Keitaro Matsuo
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Epidemiology, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Epidemiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Dimitrios Mavroudis
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Sylvie Mazoyer
- Lyon Neuroscience Research Center-CRNL, INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR 5292, University of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Catriona McLean
- Anatomical Pathology, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Hanne Meijers-Heijboer
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Genetics, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Jeffery Meyer
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Hui Miao
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Austin Miller
- NRG Oncology, Statistics and Data Management Center, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Nicola Miller
- School of Medicine, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Gillian Mitchell
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Familial Cancer Centre, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Marco Montagna
- Immunology and Molecular Oncology Unit, Istituto Oncologico Veneto (IOV), IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | - Kenneth Muir
- Institute of Population Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Division of Health Sciences, Warwick Medical School, Warwick University, Coventry, UK
| | - Anna Marie Mulligan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Laboratory Medicine Program, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Claire Mulot
- Université Paris Sorbonne Cité, INSERM UMRS 1147, Paris, France
| | - Sue Nadesan
- City of Hope Clinical Cancer Genomics Community Research Network, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Katherine L Nathanson
- Department of Medicine, Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Susan L Neuhausen
- Department of Population Sciences, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Heli Nevanlinna
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ines Nevelsteen
- Leuven Multidisciplinary Breast Center, Department of Oncology, Leuven Cancer Institute, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dieter Niederacher
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Sune F Nielsen
- Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Børge G Nordestgaard
- Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Aaron Norman
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Robert L Nussbaum
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco,San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Edith Olah
- Department of Molecular Genetics, National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Olufunmilayo I Olopade
- Center for Clinical Cancer Genetics and Global Health, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Janet E Olson
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Curtis Olswold
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Kai-Ren Ong
- West Midlands Regional Genetics Service, Birmingham Women's Hospital Healthcare NHS Trust, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
| | - Jan C Oosterwijk
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Nick Orr
- Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Ana Osorio
- Human Genetics Group, Human Cancer Genetics Programme, Spanish National Cancer Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
- Spanish Network on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | - V Shane Pankratz
- University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Laura Papi
- Unit of Medical Genetics, Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | | | | | - Rachel Lloyd
- Curtin UWA Centre for Genetic Origins of Health and Disease, Curtin University and University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Inge Søkilde Pedersen
- Section of Molecular Diagnostics, Clinical Biochemistry, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Bernard Peissel
- Unit of Medical Genetics, Department of Preventive and Predictive Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS (Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico), Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori (INT), Milan, Italy
| | - Ana Peixoto
- Department of Genetics, Portuguese Oncology Institute, Porto, Portugal
| | - Jose I A Perez
- Servicio de Cirugía General y Especialidades, Hospital Monte Naranco, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Paolo Peterlongo
- IFOM, FIRC (Italian Foundation for Cancer Research) Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Julian Peto
- Department of Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Georg Pfeiler
- Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Catherine M Phelan
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Mila Pinchev
- Clalit National Cancer Control Center, Haifa, Israel
| | - Dijana Plaseska-Karanfilska
- Research Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology 'Georgi D. Efremov', Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Skopje, Macedonia
| | - Bruce Poppe
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Mary E Porteous
- South East of Scotland Regional Genetics Service, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Ross Prentice
- Cancer Prevention Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Nadege Presneau
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Westminster, London, UK
| | - Darya Prokofieva
- Department of Genetics and Fundamental Medicine, Bashkir State University, Ufa, Russian Federation
| | - Elizabeth Pugh
- Center for Inherited Disease Research (CIDR), Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Miquel Angel Pujana
- ProCURE, Catalan Institute of Oncology, IDIBELL (Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Katri Pylkäs
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Tumor Biology, Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Tumor Biology, Northern Finland Laboratory Centre Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Brigitte Rack
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Paolo Radice
- Unit of Molecular Bases of Genetic Risk and Genetic Testing, Department of Preventive and Predictive Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS (Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico), Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori (INT), Milan, Italy
| | - Nazneen Rahman
- Section of Cancer Genetics, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Johanna Rantala
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Gad Rennert
- Clalit National Cancer Control Center, Haifa, Israel
- Carmel Medical Center and B. Rappaport Faculty of Medicine-Technion, Haifa, Israel
| | - Hedy S Rennert
- Clalit National Cancer Control Center, Haifa, Israel
- Carmel Medical Center and B. Rappaport Faculty of Medicine-Technion, Haifa, Israel
| | - Valerie Rhenius
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kerstin Rhiem
- Center for Familial Breast and Ovarian Cancer, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO), University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Andrea Richardson
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Gustavo C Rodriguez
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, NorthShore University HealthSystem, University of Chicago, Evanston, Illinois, USA
| | - Atocha Romero
- Medical Oncology Department, CIBERONC, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jane Romm
- Center for Inherited Disease Research (CIDR), Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Matti A Rookus
- Department of Epidemiology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Anja Rudolph
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Ruediger
- Institute of Pathology, Staedtisches Klinikum Karlsruhe, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | | | - Joyce Sanders
- Department of Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Dale P Sandler
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, US National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - Elinor J Sawyer
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Daniel F Schmidt
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Minouk J Schoemaker
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | | | - Peter Schürmann
- Gynaecology Research Unit, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Lukas Schwentner
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Christopher Scott
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Rodney J Scott
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Pathology North, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
- Discipline of Medical Genetics, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sheila Seal
- Section of Cancer Genetics, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Leigha Senter
- Clinical Cancer Genetics Program, Division of Human Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Caroline Seynaeve
- Department of Medical Oncology, Family Cancer Clinic, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Mitul Shah
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Priyanka Sharma
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Chen-Yang Shen
- School of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Taiwan Biobank, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Xin Sheng
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Hermela Shimelis
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Martha J Shrubsole
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Xiao-Ou Shu
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Lucy E Side
- North East Thames Regional Genetics Service, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Christian F Singer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christof Sohn
- National Center for Tumor Diseases, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Melissa C Southey
- Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - John J Spinelli
- Cancer Control Research, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Amanda B Spurdle
- Cancer Division, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | | | - Dominique Stoppa-Lyonnet
- Service de Génétique Oncologique and INSERM U830, Institut Curie, Paris, France - Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité
| | - Grzegorz Sukiennicki
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Harald Surowy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Molecular Epidemiology Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christian Sutter
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anthony Swerdlow
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- Division of Breast Cancer Research, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Csilla I Szabo
- National Human Genome Research Institute, US National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Rulla M Tamimi
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yen Y Tan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jack A Taylor
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, US National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
- Epigenetic and Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, US National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Maria-Isabel Tejada
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Clinical Genetics Service, Cruces University Hospital and BioCruces Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Maria Tengström
- Translational Cancer Research Area, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Cancer Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Oncology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Soo H Teo
- Cancer Research Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
- Breast Cancer Research Unit, Cancer Research Institute, University Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mary B Terry
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Daniel C Tessier
- McGill University and Génome Québec Innovation Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Alex Teulé
- Genetic Counseling Unit, Hereditary Cancer Program, IDIBELL (Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute), Catalan Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Kathrin Thöne
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Clinical Cancer Registry, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Darcy L Thull
- Magee-Womens Hospital, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | | | - Marc Tischkowitz
- Program in Cancer Genetics, Departments of Human Genetics and Oncology, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Medical Genetics, Addenbrooke's Treatment Centre, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Amanda E Toland
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology and Medical Genetics, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Rob A E M Tollenaar
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Ian Tomlinson
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics and Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Ling Tong
- Center for Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Diana Torres
- Molecular Genetics of Breast Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Martine Tranchant
- Genomics Center, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec Research Center, Laval University, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Thérèse Truong
- Cancer and Environment Group, Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), INSERM, University Paris-Sud, University Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Kathy Tucker
- Hereditary Cancer Clinic, Department of Medical Oncology, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Nadine Tung
- Department of Medical Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jonathan Tyrer
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Celine Vachon
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Christi J van Asperen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - David Van Den Berg
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | | | - Elizabeth J van Rensburg
- Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Department of Genetics, University of Pretoria, Arcadia, South Africa
| | - Liliana Varesco
- Unit of Hereditary Cancer, Department of Epidemiology, Prevention and Special Functions, IRCCS (Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico) AOU San Martino, IST Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Ana Vega
- Fundación Pública Galega de Medicina Xenómica, Servizo Galego de Saúde SERGAS, Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Grupo de Medicina Xenómica, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Alessandra Viel
- Unit of Functional Onco-genomics and Genetics, CRO Aviano, National Cancer Institute, Aviano, Italy
| | - Joseph Vijai
- Clinical Genetics Research Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Daniel Vincent
- McGill University and Génome Québec Innovation Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Jason Vollenweider
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Lisa Walker
- Oxford Regional Genetics Service, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Zhaoming Wang
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland, USA
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Shan Wang-Gohrke
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Barbara Wappenschmidt
- Center for Familial Breast and Ovarian Cancer, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO), University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Clarice R Weinberg
- Biostatistics and Computational Biology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, US National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - Camilla Wendt
- Department of Oncology, Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jelle Wesseling
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Alice S Whittemore
- Department of Health Research and Policy, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
- Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Juul T Wijnen
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Walter Willett
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Robert Winqvist
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Tumor Biology, Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Tumor Biology, Northern Finland Laboratory Centre Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Alicja Wolk
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna H Wu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Lucy Xia
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Xiaohong R Yang
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Drakoulis Yannoukakos
- Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory, INRASTES, National Centre for Scientific Research 'Demokritos', Athens, Greece
| | - Daniela Zaffaroni
- Unit of Medical Genetics, Department of Preventive and Predictive Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS (Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico), Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori (INT), Milan, Italy
| | - Wei Zheng
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Bin Zhu
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory (CGR), Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Argyrios Ziogas
- Department of Epidemiology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Elad Ziv
- Department of Medicine, Institute for Human Genetics, UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | | | - Manuela Gago-Dominguez
- Genomic Medicine Group, Galician Foundation of Genomic Medicine, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago, Servizo Galego de Saúde SERGAS, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Arto Mannermaa
- Translational Cancer Research Area, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Imaging Center, Department of Clinical Pathology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Håkan Olsson
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Manuel R Teixeira
- Department of Genetics, Portuguese Oncology Institute, Porto, Portugal
- Biomedical Sciences Institute (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Jennifer Stone
- Curtin UWA Centre for Genetic Origins of Health and Disease, Curtin University and University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne and the Royal Women's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kenneth Offit
- Clinical Genetics Research Laboratory, Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
- Clinical Genetics Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Laura Ottini
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Sue K Park
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Mads Thomassen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Per Hall
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Oncology, South General Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alfons Meindl
- Division of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Rita K Schmutzler
- Center for Familial Breast and Ovarian Cancer, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Arnaud Droit
- Genomics Center, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec Research Center, Laval University, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Gary D Bader
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Paul D P Pharoah
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Fergus J Couch
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Douglas F Easton
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Peter Kraft
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Montserrat García-Closas
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Marjanka K Schmidt
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Division of Psychosocial Research and Epidemiology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Antonis C Antoniou
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jacques Simard
- Genomics Center, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec Research Center, Laval University, Québec City, Québec, Canada
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Yang CH, Chuang LY, Lin YD. Multiobjective differential evolution-based multifactor dimensionality reduction for detecting gene-gene interactions. Sci Rep 2017; 7:12869. [PMID: 28993686 PMCID: PMC5634479 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-12773-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Epistasis within disease-related genes (gene–gene interactions) was determined through contingency table measures based on multifactor dimensionality reduction (MDR) using single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Most MDR-based methods use the single contingency table measure to detect gene–gene interactions; however, some gene–gene interactions may require identification through multiple contingency table measures. In this study, a multiobjective differential evolution method (called MODEMDR) was proposed to merge the various contingency table measures based on MDR to detect significant gene–gene interactions. Two contingency table measures, namely the correct classification rate and normalized mutual information, were selected to design the fitness functions in MODEMDR. The characteristics of multiobjective optimization enable MODEMDR to use multiple measures to efficiently and synchronously detect significant gene–gene interactions within a reasonable time frame. Epistatic models with and without marginal effects under various parameter settings (heritability and minor allele frequencies) were used to assess existing methods by comparing the detection success rates of gene–gene interactions. The results of the simulation datasets show that MODEMDR is superior to existing methods. Moreover, a large dataset obtained from the Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium was used to assess MODEMDR. MODEMDR exhibited efficiency in identifying significant gene–gene interactions in genome-wide association studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Hong Yang
- Department of Electronic Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Applied Sciences, Kaohsiung, 80778, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan
| | - Li-Yeh Chuang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Institute of Biotechnology and Chemical Engineering, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, 84004, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Da Lin
- Department of Electronic Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Applied Sciences, Kaohsiung, 80778, Taiwan.
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14
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Jiang P, Li Y, Poleshko A, Medvedeva V, Baulina N, Zhang Y, Zhou Y, Slater CM, Pellegrin T, Wasserman J, Lindy M, Efimov A, Daly M, Katz RA, Chen X. The Protein Encoded by the CCDC170 Breast Cancer Gene Functions to Organize the Golgi-Microtubule Network. EBioMedicine 2017; 22:28-43. [PMID: 28687497 PMCID: PMC5552109 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2017.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Revised: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS) and subsequent fine-mapping studies (>50) have implicated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) located at the CCDC170/C6ORF97-ESR1 locus (6q25.1) as being associated with the risk of breast cancer. Surprisingly, our analysis using genome-wide differential allele-specific expression (DASE), an indicator for breast cancer susceptibility, suggested that the genetic alterations of CCDC170, but not ESR1, account for GWAS-associated breast cancer risk at this locus. Breast cancer-associated CCDC170 nonsense mutations and rearrangements have also been detected, with the latter being specifically implicated in driving breast cancer. Here we report that the wild type CCDC170 protein localizes to the region of the Golgi apparatus and binds Golgi-associated microtubules (MTs), and that breast cancer-linked truncations of CCDC170 result in loss of Golgi localization. Overexpression of wild type CCDC170 triggers Golgi reorganization, and enhances Golgi-associated MT stabilization and acetyltransferase ATAT1-dependent α-tubulin acetylation. Golgi-derived MTs regulate cellular polarity and motility, and we provide evidence that dysregulation of CCDC170 affects polarized cell migration. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that CCDC170 plays an essential role in Golgi-associated MT organization and stabilization, and implicate a mechanism for how perturbations in the CCDC170 gene may contribute to the hallmark changes in cell polarity and motility seen in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengtao Jiang
- Cancer Epigenetics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, United States.
| | - Yueran Li
- Cancer Epigenetics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, United States.
| | - Andrey Poleshko
- Cancer Epigenetics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, United States.
| | - Valentina Medvedeva
- Cancer Epigenetics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, United States.
| | - Natalia Baulina
- Cancer Epigenetics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, United States.
| | - Yongchao Zhang
- Cancer Epigenetics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, United States.
| | - Yan Zhou
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, United States.
| | - Carolyn M Slater
- Cancer Epigenetics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, United States.
| | - Trinity Pellegrin
- Cancer Epigenetics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, United States.
| | - Jason Wasserman
- Cancer Epigenetics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, United States.
| | - Michael Lindy
- Cancer Epigenetics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, United States.
| | - Andrey Efimov
- Cancer Epigenetics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, United States.
| | - Mary Daly
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, United States.
| | - Richard A Katz
- Cancer Epigenetics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, United States.
| | - Xiaowei Chen
- Cancer Epigenetics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, United States.
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15
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Hu X, Jiang L, Tang C, Ju Y, Jiu L, Wei Y, Guo L, Zhao Y. Association of three single nucleotide polymorphisms of ESR1with breast cancer susceptibility: a meta-analysis. J Biomed Res 2017; 31:213-225. [PMID: 28808214 PMCID: PMC5460609 DOI: 10.7555/jbr.31.20160087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Expression of estrogen receptors is correlated with breast cancer risk, but inconsistent results have been reported. To clarify potential estrogen receptor (ESR)-related breast cancer risk, we analyzed genetic variants of ESR1 in association with breast cancer susceptibility. We performed a meta-analysis to investigate the association between rs2234693, rs1801132, and rs2046210 (single nucleotide polymorphisms of ESR1 ), and breast cancer risk. Our analysis included 44 case-control studies. For rs2234693, the CC genotype had a higher risk of breast cancer compared to the TT or CT genotype. For rs2046210, the AA, GA, or GA+ GG genotype had a much higher risk compared to the GG genotype. No significant association was found for the rs1801132 polymorphism with breast cancer risk. This meta-analysis demonstrates association between the rs2234693 and rs2046210 polymorphisms of ESR1 and breast cancer risk. The correlation strength between rs2234693 and breast cancer susceptibility differs in subgroup assessment by ethnicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Hu
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Linfei Jiang
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Chenhui Tang
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Yuehong Ju
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Li Jiu
- School of International Pharmaceutical Business, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211198, China
| | - Yongyue Wei
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Li Guo
- School of Geographic and Biologic Information, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210046, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
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16
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Yang CH, Chuang LY, Lin YD. CMDR based differential evolution identifies the epistatic interaction in genome-wide association studies. Bioinformatics 2017; 33:2354-2362. [DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btx163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Hong Yang
- Department of Electronic Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Applied Sciences, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Li-Yeh Chuang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Institute of Biotechnology and Chemical Engineering, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Da Lin
- Department of Electronic Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Applied Sciences, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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17
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Koleck TA, Bender CM, Clark BZ, Ryan CM, Ghotkar P, Brufsky A, McAuliffe PF, Rastogi P, Sereika SM, Conley YP. An exploratory study of host polymorphisms in genes that clinically characterize breast cancer tumors and pretreatment cognitive performance in breast cancer survivors. BREAST CANCER (DOVE MEDICAL PRESS) 2017; 9:95-110. [PMID: 28424560 PMCID: PMC5344452 DOI: 10.2147/bctt.s123785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Inspired by the hypothesis that heterogeneity in the biology of breast cancers at the cellular level may account for cognitive dysfunction symptom variability in survivors, the current study explored relationships between host single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 25 breast cancer-related candidate genes (AURKA, BAG1, BCL2, BIRC5, CCNB1, CD68, CENPA, CMC2, CTSL2, DIAPH3, ERBB2, ESR1, GRB7, GSTM1, MELK, MKI67, MMP11, MYBL2, NDC80, ORC6, PGR, RACGAP1, RFC4, RRM2, and SCUBE2), identified from clinically relevant prognostic multigene-expression profiles for breast cancer, and pretreatment cognitive performance. PATIENTS AND METHODS The sample (n=220) was comprised of 138 postmenopausal women newly diagnosed with early stage breast cancer and 82 postmenopausal age- and education-matched healthy controls without breast cancer. Cognitive performance was assessed after primary surgery but prior to initiation of adjuvant chemotherapy and/or hormonal therapy using a comprehensive battery of neuropsychological tests encompassing eight cognitive function composite domains: attention, concentration, executive function, mental flexibility, psychomotor speed, verbal memory, visual memory, and visual working memory. In total, 131 SNPs were included in the analysis. Standard and robust multiple linear regression modeling was used to examine relationships between each domain and the presence or absence of one or more minor alleles for each SNP. Genetic risk/protection scores (GRSs) were calculated for each domain to evaluate the collective effect of possession of multiple risk/protective alleles. RESULTS With the exception of CMC2, MMP11, and RACGAP1, significant (P<0.05) SNP main effect and/or SNP by future prescribed treatment group interactions were observed for every gene between at least one domain and one or more SNPs. All GRSs were found to be significantly (P<0.001) associated with each respective domain score. CONCLUSION Associations between host SNPs and computed GRSs and variability in pretreatment cognitive function performance support the study hypothesis, and warrant further investigations to identify biomarkers for breast cancer-related cognitive dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa A Koleck
- School of Nursing, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
- School of Nursing, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | | | - Beth Z Clark
- Division of Gynecologic Pathology, Magee-Womens Hospital of University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC)
- School of Medicine
| | - Christopher M Ryan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Puja Ghotkar
- School of Nursing, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Adam Brufsky
- School of Medicine
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Magee-Womens Hospital of UPMC
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute
| | - Priscilla F McAuliffe
- School of Medicine
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute
- Division of Breast Surgical Oncology, Magee-Womens Hospital of UPMC
| | - Priya Rastogi
- School of Medicine
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Magee-Womens Hospital of UPMC
| | - Susan M Sereika
- School of Nursing, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
- Department of Biostatistics
- Department of Epidemiology
| | - Yvette P Conley
- School of Nursing, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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18
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Hsieh YC, Tu SH, Su CT, Cho EC, Wu CH, Hsieh MC, Lin SY, Liu YR, Hung CS, Chiou HY. A polygenic risk score for breast cancer risk in a Taiwanese population. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2017; 163:131-138. [PMID: 28205043 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-017-4144-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple common variants identified by genome-wide association studies showed limited evidence of the risk of breast cancer in Taiwan. In this study, we analyzed the breast cancer risk in relation to 13 individual single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) identified by a GWAS in an Asian population. METHODS In total, 446 breast cancer patients and 514 healthy controls were recruited for this case-control study. In addition, we developed a polygenic risk score (PRS) including those variants significantly associated with breast cancer risk, and also evaluated the contribution of PRS and clinical risk factors to breast cancer using receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). RESULTS Logistic regression results showed that nine individual SNPs were significantly associated with breast cancer risk after multiple testing. Among all SNPs, six variants, namely FGFR2 (rs2981582), HCN1 (rs981782), MAP3K1 (rs889312), TOX3 (rs3803662), ZNF365 (rs10822013), and RAD51B (rs3784099), were selected to create PRS model. A dose-response association was observed between breast cancer risk and the PRS. Women in the highest quartile of PRS had a significantly increased risk compared to women in the lowest quartile (odds ratio 2.26; 95% confidence interval 1.51-3.38). The AUC for a model which contained the PRS in addition to clinical risk factors was 66.52%, whereas that for a model which with established risk factors only was 63.38%. CONCLUSIONS Our data identified a genetic risk predictor of breast cancer in Taiwanese population and suggest that risk models including PRS and clinical risk factors are useful in discriminating women at high risk of breast cancer from those at low risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Chen Hsieh
- Graduate Institute of Neural Regenerative Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Hsin Tu
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 252 Wu-Hsing St., Taipei, Taiwan.,Taipei Cancer Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Breast Medical Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Tien Su
- School of Public Health, College of Public Health and Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Family Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Er-Chieh Cho
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsiung Wu
- Department of Surgery, Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mao-Chih Hsieh
- Department of Surgery, Taipei Medical University-Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shiyng-Yu Lin
- Department of Family Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Ru Liu
- Joint Biobank, Office of Human Research, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Sheng Hung
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 252 Wu-Hsing St., Taipei, Taiwan. .,Taipei Cancer Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Breast Medical Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Hung-Yi Chiou
- School of Public Health, College of Public Health and Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing St., Taipei, Taiwan.
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19
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Nagrani R, Mhatre S, Rajaraman P, Chatterjee N, Akbari MR, Boffetta P, Brennan P, Badwe R, Gupta S, Dikshit R. Association of Genome-Wide Association Study (GWAS) Identified SNPs and Risk of Breast Cancer in an Indian Population. Sci Rep 2017; 7:40963. [PMID: 28098224 PMCID: PMC5241870 DOI: 10.1038/srep40963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
To date, no studies have investigated the association of the GWAS-identified SNPs with BC risk in Indian population. We investigated the association of 30 previously reported and replicated BC susceptibility SNPs in 1,204 cases and 1,212 controls from a hospital based case-control study conducted at the Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai. As a measure of total susceptibility burden, the polygenic risk score (PRS) for each individual was defined by the weighted sum of genotypes from 21 independent SNPs with weights derived from previously published estimates of association odds-ratios. Logistic regression models were used to assess risk associated with individual SNPs and overall PRS, and stratified by menopausal and receptor status. A total of 11 SNPs from eight genomic regions (FGFR2, 9q31.2, MAP3K, CCND1, ZM1Z1, RAD51L11, ESR1 and UST) showed statistically significant (p-value ≤ 0.05) evidence of association, either overall or when stratified by menopausal status or hormone receptor status. BC SNPs previously identified in Caucasian population showed evidence of replication in the Indian population mainly with respect to risk of postmenopausal and hormone receptor positive BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajini Nagrani
- Centre for Cancer Epidemiology, Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Sharayu Mhatre
- Centre for Cancer Epidemiology, Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Preetha Rajaraman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, USA
| | - Nilanjan Chatterjee
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, USA
- Department of Oncology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, USA
| | - Mohammad R. Akbari
- Women’s College Research Institute, Women’s College Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Paolo Boffetta
- Institute For Translational Epidemiology, Mount Sinai Hospital, One Gustave L.Levy Place New York, NY, USA
| | - Paul Brennan
- Genetic Epidemiology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 150 Cours Albert Thomas, 69372 Lyon CEDEX, France
| | - Rajendra Badwe
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, India
| | - Sudeep Gupta
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, India
| | - Rajesh Dikshit
- Centre for Cancer Epidemiology, Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai, India
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20
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Lindström S, Ablorh A, Chapman B, Gusev A, Chen G, Turman C, Eliassen AH, Price AL, Henderson BE, Le Marchand L, Hofmann O, Haiman CA, Kraft P. Deep targeted sequencing of 12 breast cancer susceptibility regions in 4611 women across four different ethnicities. Breast Cancer Res 2016; 18:109. [PMID: 27814745 PMCID: PMC5097387 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-016-0772-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have identified thousands of disease susceptibility regions, the underlying causal mechanism in these regions is not fully known. It is likely that the GWAS signal originates from one or many as yet unidentified causal variants. Methods Using next-generation sequencing, we characterized 12 breast cancer susceptibility regions identified by GWASs in 2288 breast cancer cases and 2323 controls across four populations of African American, European, Japanese, and Hispanic ancestry. Results After genotype calling and quality control, we identified 137,530 single-nucleotide variants (SNVs); of those, 87.2 % had a minor allele frequency (MAF) <0.005. For SNVs with MAF >0.005, we calculated the smallest number of SNVs needed to obtain a posterior probability set (PPS) such that there is 90 % probability that the causal SNV is included. We found that the PPS for two regions, 2q35 and 11q13, contained less than 5 % of the original SNVs, dramatically decreasing the number of potentially causal SNVs. However, we did not find strong evidence supporting a causal role for any individual SNV. In addition, there were no significant gene-based rare SNV associations after correcting for multiple testing. Conclusions This study illustrates some of the challenges faced in fine-mapping studies in the post-GWAS era, most importantly the large sample sizes needed to identify rare-variant associations or to distinguish the effects of strongly correlated common SNVs. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13058-016-0772-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Lindström
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, 1959 N.E. Pacific Street, Health Sciences Building, Room F247B, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA. .,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Akweley Ablorh
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Brad Chapman
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,HSPH Bioinformatics Core, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Alexander Gusev
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Gary Chen
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Constance Turman
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - A Heather Eliassen
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Alkes L Price
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Brian E Henderson
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Loic Le Marchand
- Cancer Research Center of Hawai'i, University of Hawai'i, Honolulu, HI, 96813, USA
| | - Oliver Hofmann
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,HSPH Bioinformatics Core, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Christopher A Haiman
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Peter Kraft
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
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21
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Yang CH, Lin YD, Chuang LY, Chang HW. Analysis of high-order SNP barcodes in mitochondrial D-loop for chronic dialysis susceptibility. J Biomed Inform 2016; 63:112-119. [PMID: 27507088 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbi.2016.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Revised: 06/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Positively identifying disease-associated single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers in genome-wide studies entails the complex association analysis of a huge number of SNPs. Such large numbers of SNP barcode (SNP/genotype combinations) continue to pose serious computational challenges, especially for high-dimensional data. METHODS We propose a novel exploiting SNP barcode method based on differential evolution, termed IDE (improved differential evolution). IDE uses a "top combination strategy" to improve the ability of differential evolution to explore high-order SNP barcodes in high-dimensional data. RESULTS We simulate disease data and use real chronic dialysis data to test four global optimization algorithms. In 48 simulated disease models, we show that IDE outperforms existing global optimization algorithms in terms of exploring ability and power to detect the specific SNP/genotype combinations with a maximum difference between cases and controls. In real data, we show that IDE can be used to evaluate the relative effects of each individual SNP on disease susceptibility. CONCLUSION IDE generated significant SNP barcode with less computational complexity than the other algorithms, making IDE ideally suited for analysis of high-order SNP barcodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Hong Yang
- Department of Electronic Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Applied Sciences, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Da Lin
- Department of Electronic Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Applied Sciences, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
| | - Li-Yeh Chuang
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Institute of Biotechnology and Chemical Engineering, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
| | - Hsueh-Wei Chang
- Institute of Medical Science and Technology, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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22
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Evaluation of a newly discovered breast cancer susceptibility locus at 6q25.1 in Iranian Azari-Turkish women. Contemp Oncol (Pozn) 2016; 20:308-10. [PMID: 27688728 PMCID: PMC5032159 DOI: 10.5114/wo.2016.61851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY A recent breast cancer genome-wide association study (GWAS) identified single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs2046210 on 6q25.1 showing a strong association with breast cancer risk. Numerous association studies have been conducted to investigate the relationship between this polymorphism and breast cancer risk in various populations. There have been conflicting reports about the association of this locus with breast cancer risk in different ethnic groups. For the first time, this study has investigated the association of rs2046210 SNP with breast cancer risk in Iranian Azari-Turkish women in North West Iran. MATERIAL AND METHODS In this study 192 breast cancer subjects and 186 healthy controls were genotyped using Taqman SNP genotyping assays for different SNP rs2046210 alleles. RESULTS No significant association between rs2046210 SNP alleles and the risk of breast cancer was detected in Iranian Azari-Turkish women. CONCLUSIONS The data suggests that rs2046210SNP does not play a role in the aetiology of breast cancer in the Iranian Azari-Turkish population, and it indicates possible genetic differences for breast cancer between different population ancestries. Our result is an important contribution to the literature about genetic susceptibility for breast cancer in Asian populations. Additional studies are required to confirm our findings.
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23
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Milne RL, Antoniou AC. Modifiers of breast and ovarian cancer risks for BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers. Endocr Relat Cancer 2016; 23:T69-84. [PMID: 27528622 DOI: 10.1530/erc-16-0277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Pathogenic mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 are associated with high risks of breast and ovarian cancer. However, penetrance estimates for mutation carriers have been found to vary substantially between studies, and the observed differences in risk are consistent with the hypothesis that genetic and environmental factors modify cancer risks for women with these mutations. Direct evidence that this is the case has emerged in the past decade, through large-scale international collaborative efforts. Here, we describe the methodological challenges in the identification and characterisation of these risk-modifying factors, review the latest evidence on genetic and lifestyle/hormonal risk factors that modify breast and ovarian cancer risks for women with BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations and outline the implications of these findings for cancer risk prediction. We also review the unresolved issues in this area of research and identify strategies of clinical implementation so that women with BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations are no longer counselled on the basis of 'average' risk estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger L Milne
- Cancer Epidemiology CentreCancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia Centre for Epidemiology and BiostatisticsMelbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Antonis C Antoniou
- Centre for Cancer Genetic EpidemiologyDepartment of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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24
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Genome-Wide Association Analysis Identifies Dcc as an Essential Factor in the Innervation of the Peripheral Vestibular System in Inbred Mice. J Assoc Res Otolaryngol 2016; 17:417-31. [PMID: 27539716 DOI: 10.1007/s10162-016-0578-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the genetic causes of vestibular dysfunction. We used vestibular sensory-evoked potentials (VsEPs) to characterize the vestibular function of 35 inbred mouse strains selected from the Hybrid Mouse Diversity Panel and demonstrated strain-dependent phenotypic variation in vestibular function. Using these phenotypic data, we performed the first genome-wide association study controlling for population structure that has revealed two highly suggestive loci, one of which lies within a haplotype block containing five genes (Stard6, 4930503L19Rik, Poli, Mbd2, Dcc) on Chr. 18 (peak SNP rs29632020), one gene, deleted in colorectal carcinoma (Dcc) has a well-established role in nervous system development. An in-depth analysis of Dcc-deficient mice demonstrated elevation in mean VsEP threshold for Dcc (+/-) mice (-11.86 dB) compared to wild-type (-9.68 dB) littermates. Synaptic ribbon studies revealed Dcc (-/-) (P0) and Dcc (+/-) (6-week-old) mice showed lower density of the presynaptic marker (CtBP2) as compared to wild-type controls. Vestibular ganglion cell counts of Dcc (-/-) (P0) was lower than controls. Whole-mount preparations showed abnormal innervation of the utricle, saccule, and crista ampullaris at E14.5, E16.5, and E18.5. Postnatal studies were limited by the perinatal lethality in Dcc (-/-) mice. Expression analyses using in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry showed Dcc expression in the mouse vestibular ganglion (E15.5), and utricle and crista ampullaris (6-week-old), respectively. In summary, we report the first GWAS for vestibular functional variation in inbred mice and provide evidence for the role of Dcc in the normal innervation of the peripheral vestibular system.
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25
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Qian F, Feng Y, Zheng Y, Ogundiran TO, Ojengbede O, Zheng W, Blot W, Ambrosone CB, John EM, Bernstein L, Hu JJ, Ziegler RG, Nyante S, Bandera EV, Ingles SA, Press MF, Nathanson KL, Hennis A, Nemesure B, Ambs S, Kolonel LN, Olopade OI, Haiman CA, Huo D. Genetic variants in microRNA and microRNA biogenesis pathway genes and breast cancer risk among women of African ancestry. Hum Genet 2016; 135:1145-59. [PMID: 27380242 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-016-1707-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/25/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNA) regulate breast biology by binding to specific RNA sequences, leading to RNA degradation and inhibition of translation of their target genes. While germline genetic variations may disrupt some of these interactions between miRNAs and their targets, studies assessing the relationship between genetic variations in the miRNA network and breast cancer risk are still limited, particularly among women of African ancestry. We systematically put together a list of 822 and 10,468 genetic variants among primary miRNA sequences and 38 genes in the miRNA biogenesis pathway, respectively; and examined their association with breast cancer risk in the ROOT consortium which includes women of African ancestry. Findings were replicated in an independent consortium. Logistic regression was used to estimate the odds ratio (OR) and 95 % confidence intervals (CI). For overall breast cancer risk, three single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in miRNA biogenesis genes DROSHA rs78393591 (OR = 0.69, 95 % CI: 0.55-0.88, P = 0.003), ESR1 rs523736 (OR = 0.88, 95 % CI: 0.82-0.95, P = 3.99 × 10(-4)), and ZCCHC11 rs114101502 (OR = 1.33, 95 % CI: 1.11-1.59, P = 0.002), and one SNP in primary miRNA sequence (rs116159732 in miR-6826, OR = 0.74, 95 % CI: 0.63-0.89, P = 0.001) were found to have significant associations in both discovery and validation phases. In a subgroup analysis, two SNPs were associated with risk of estrogen receptor (ER)-negative breast cancer, and three SNPs were associated with risk of ER-positive breast cancer. Several variants in miRNA and miRNA biogenesis pathway genes were associated with breast cancer risk. Risk associations varied by ER status, suggesting potential new mechanisms in etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Qian
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ye Feng
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yonglan Zheng
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Temidayo O Ogundiran
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Oladosu Ojengbede
- Center for Population and Reproductive Health, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Wei Zheng
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - William Blot
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | - Esther M John
- Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, CA, USA.,Department of Health Research and Policy (Epidemiology) and Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Leslie Bernstein
- Division of Cancer Etiology, Department of Population Science, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Jennifer J Hu
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center and Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Regina G Ziegler
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Program, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, DC, USA
| | - Sarah Nyante
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Elisa V Bandera
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Sue A Ingles
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Michael F Press
- Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Anselm Hennis
- Chronic Disease Research Centre and Tropical Medicine Research Institute, University of the West Indies, Bridgetown, Barbados
| | - Barbara Nemesure
- Department of Preventive Medicine, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Stefan Ambs
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Laurence N Kolonel
- Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | | | - Christopher A Haiman
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Dezheng Huo
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Chicago, 5841 S. Maryland Ave., MC 2007, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.
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26
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Li T, Zhao J, Yang J, Ma X, Dai Q, Huang H, Wang L, Liu P. A Meta-Analysis of the Association between ESR1 Genetic Variants and the Risk of Breast Cancer. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0153314. [PMID: 27070141 PMCID: PMC4829239 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0153314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the estrogen receptor gene (ESR1) play critical roles in breast cancer (BC) susceptibility. Genome-wide association studies have reported that SNPs in ESR1 are associated with BC susceptibility; however, the results of recent studies have been inconsistent. Therefore, we performed this meta-analysis to obtain more accurate and credible results. Methods We pooled published literature from PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science and calculated odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to assess the strength of associations using fixed effects models and random effects models. Twenty relevant case-control and cohort studies of the 3 related SNPs were identified. Results Three SNPs of the ESR1 gene, rs2077647:T>C, rs2228480:G>A and rs3798577:T>C, were not associated with increased BC risk in our overall meta-analysis. Stratified analysis by ethnicity showed that in Caucasians, the rs2228480 AA genotype was associated with a 26% decreased risk of BC compared with the GG genotype (OR = 0.740, 95% CI: 0.555–0.987). The C allele of the rs3798577:T>C variant was associated with decreased BC risk in Asians (OR = 0.828, 95% CI: 0.730–0.939), while Caucasians with this allele were found to experience significantly increased BC risk (OR = 1.551, 95% CI: 1.037–2.321). A non-significant association between rs2077647 and BC risk was identified in all of the evaluated ethnic populations. Conclusion Rs3798577 was associated with an increased risk of BC in Caucasian populations but a decreased risk in Asians. Rs2228480 had a large protective effect in Caucasians, while rs2077647 was not associated with BC risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taishun Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jun Zhao
- National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaying Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xu Ma
- National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing, China
| | - Qiaoyun Dai
- National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Huang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lina Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Pei Liu
- National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing, China
- * E-mail:
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27
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Dunning AM, Michailidou K, Kuchenbaecker KB, Thompson D, French JD, Beesley J, Healey CS, Kar S, Pooley KA, Lopez-Knowles E, Dicks E, Barrowdale D, Sinnott-Armstrong NA, Sallari RC, Hillman KM, Kaufmann S, Sivakumaran H, Moradi Marjaneh M, Lee JS, Hills M, Jarosz M, Drury S, Canisius S, Bolla MK, Dennis J, Wang Q, Hopper JL, Southey MC, Broeks A, Schmidt MK, Lophatananon A, Muir K, Beckmann MW, Fasching PA, Dos-Santos-Silva I, Peto J, Sawyer EJ, Tomlinson I, Burwinkel B, Marme F, Guénel P, Truong T, Bojesen SE, Flyger H, González-Neira A, Perez JIA, Anton-Culver H, Eunjung L, Arndt V, Brenner H, Meindl A, Schmutzler RK, Brauch H, Hamann U, Aittomäki K, Blomqvist C, Ito H, Matsuo K, Bogdanova N, Dörk T, Lindblom A, Margolin S, Kosma VM, Mannermaa A, Tseng CC, Wu AH, Lambrechts D, Wildiers H, Chang-Claude J, Rudolph A, Peterlongo P, Radice P, Olson JE, Giles GG, Milne RL, Haiman CA, Henderson BE, Goldberg MS, Teo SH, Yip CH, Nord S, Borresen-Dale AL, Kristensen V, Long J, Zheng W, Pylkäs K, Winqvist R, Andrulis IL, Knight JA, Devilee P, Seynaeve C, Figueroa J, Sherman ME, Czene K, Darabi H, Hollestelle A, van den Ouweland AMW, Humphreys K, Gao YT, Shu XO, Cox A, Cross SS, Blot W, Cai Q, Ghoussaini M, Perkins BJ, Shah M, Choi JY, Kang D, Lee SC, Hartman M, Kabisch M, Torres D, Jakubowska A, Lubinski J, Brennan P, Sangrajrang S, Ambrosone CB, Toland AE, Shen CY, Wu PE, Orr N, Swerdlow A, McGuffog L, Healey S, Lee A, Kapuscinski M, John EM, Terry MB, Daly MB, Goldgar DE, Buys SS, Janavicius R, Tihomirova L, Tung N, Dorfling CM, van Rensburg EJ, Neuhausen SL, Ejlertsen B, Hansen TVO, Osorio A, Benitez J, Rando R, Weitzel JN, Bonanni B, Peissel B, Manoukian S, Papi L, Ottini L, Konstantopoulou I, Apostolou P, Garber J, Rashid MU, Frost D, Izatt L, Ellis S, Godwin AK, Arnold N, Niederacher D, Rhiem K, Bogdanova-Markov N, Sagne C, Stoppa-Lyonnet D, Damiola F, Sinilnikova OM, Mazoyer S, Isaacs C, Claes KBM, De Leeneer K, de la Hoya M, Caldes T, Nevanlinna H, Khan S, Mensenkamp AR, Hooning MJ, Rookus MA, Kwong A, Olah E, Diez O, Brunet J, Pujana MA, Gronwald J, Huzarski T, Barkardottir RB, Laframboise R, Soucy P, Montagna M, Agata S, Teixeira MR, Park SK, Lindor N, Couch FJ, Tischkowitz M, Foretova L, Vijai J, Offit K, Singer CF, Rappaport C, Phelan CM, Greene MH, Mai PL, Rennert G, Imyanitov EN, Hulick PJ, Phillips KA, Piedmonte M, Mulligan AM, Glendon G, Bojesen A, Thomassen M, Caligo MA, Yoon SY, Friedman E, Laitman Y, Borg A, von Wachenfeldt A, Ehrencrona H, Rantala J, Olopade OI, Ganz PA, Nussbaum RL, Gayther SA, Nathanson KL, Domchek SM, Arun BK, Mitchell G, Karlan BY, Lester J, Maskarinec G, Woolcott C, Scott C, Stone J, Apicella C, Tamimi R, Luben R, Khaw KT, Helland Å, Haakensen V, Dowsett M, Pharoah PDP, Simard J, Hall P, García-Closas M, Vachon C, Chenevix-Trench G, Antoniou AC, Easton DF, Edwards SL. Breast cancer risk variants at 6q25 display different phenotype associations and regulate ESR1, RMND1 and CCDC170. Nat Genet 2016; 48:374-86. [PMID: 26928228 PMCID: PMC4938803 DOI: 10.1038/ng.3521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
We analyzed 3,872 common genetic variants across the ESR1 locus (encoding estrogen receptor α) in 118,816 subjects from three international consortia. We found evidence for at least five independent causal variants, each associated with different phenotype sets, including estrogen receptor (ER(+) or ER(-)) and human ERBB2 (HER2(+) or HER2(-)) tumor subtypes, mammographic density and tumor grade. The best candidate causal variants for ER(-) tumors lie in four separate enhancer elements, and their risk alleles reduce expression of ESR1, RMND1 and CCDC170, whereas the risk alleles of the strongest candidates for the remaining independent causal variant disrupt a silencer element and putatively increase ESR1 and RMND1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison M Dunning
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kyriaki Michailidou
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Karoline B Kuchenbaecker
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Deborah Thompson
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Juliet D French
- Cancer Division, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jonathan Beesley
- Cancer Division, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Catherine S Healey
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Siddhartha Kar
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Karen A Pooley
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Elena Lopez-Knowles
- Breast Cancer Research, Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, London, UK
- Academic Biochemistry, Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK
| | - Ed Dicks
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Daniel Barrowdale
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Richard C Sallari
- Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kristine M Hillman
- Cancer Division, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Susanne Kaufmann
- Cancer Division, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Haran Sivakumaran
- Cancer Division, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Mahdi Moradi Marjaneh
- Cancer Division, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jason S Lee
- Cancer Division, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Margaret Hills
- Academic Biochemistry, Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK
| | - Monika Jarosz
- Breast Cancer Research, Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, London, UK
- Academic Biochemistry, Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK
| | - Suzie Drury
- Breast Cancer Research, Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, London, UK
- Academic Biochemistry, Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK
| | - Sander Canisius
- Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Manjeet K Bolla
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Joe Dennis
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Qin Wang
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - John L Hopper
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Melissa C Southey
- Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Annegien Broeks
- Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marjanka K Schmidt
- Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Artitaya Lophatananon
- Division of Health Sciences, Warwick Medical School, Warwick University, Coventry, UK
| | - Kenneth Muir
- Division of Health Sciences, Warwick Medical School, Warwick University, Coventry, UK
- Institute of Population Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Matthias W Beckmann
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-Nuremberg Metropolitan Region, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Peter A Fasching
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-Nuremberg Metropolitan Region, Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Isabel Dos-Santos-Silva
- Department of Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Julian Peto
- Department of Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Elinor J Sawyer
- Research Oncology, Division of Cancer Studies, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Ian Tomlinson
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Barbara Burwinkel
- Division of Molecular Genetic Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
- Molecular Epidemiology Group, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Frederik Marme
- National Center for Tumor Diseases, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Pascal Guénel
- Environmental Epidemiology of Cancer, Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, INSERM, Villejuif, France
- University Paris-Sud, Villejuif, France
| | - Thérèse Truong
- Environmental Epidemiology of Cancer, Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, INSERM, Villejuif, France
- University Paris-Sud, Villejuif, France
| | - Stig E Bojesen
- Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Henrik Flyger
- Department of Breast Surgery, Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Anna González-Neira
- Human Cancer Genetics Program, Spanish National Cancer Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose I A Perez
- Servicio de Cirugía General y Especialidades, Hospital Monte Naranco, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Hoda Anton-Culver
- Department of Epidemiology, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Lee Eunjung
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Volker Arndt
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hermann Brenner
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alfons Meindl
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Rita K Schmutzler
- Division of Molecular Gyneco-Oncology, Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Centre of Familial Breast and Ovarian Cancer, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Integrated Oncology, University Hospital, Cologne, Germany
| | - Hiltrud Brauch
- German Cancer Consortium, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany
- University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ute Hamann
- Molecular Genetics of Breast Cancer, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kristiina Aittomäki
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Carl Blomqvist
- Department of Oncology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hidemi Ito
- Division of Epidemiology and Prevention, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Aichi, Japan
| | - Keitaro Matsuo
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Natasha Bogdanova
- Radiation Oncology Research Unit, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Thilo Dörk
- Gynaecology Research Unit, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Annika Lindblom
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sara Margolin
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Veli-Matti Kosma
- Cancer Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Imaging Center, Department of Clinical Pathology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Arto Mannermaa
- Cancer Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Imaging Center, Department of Clinical Pathology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Chiu-Chen Tseng
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Anna H Wu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Diether Lambrechts
- Vesalius Research Center, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory for Translational Genetics, Department of Oncology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Hans Wildiers
- Multidisciplinary Breast Center, Department of General Medical Oncology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jenny Chang-Claude
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
- University Cancer Center Hamburg (UCCH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anja Rudolph
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Paolo Peterlongo
- IFOM, Fondazione Istituto FIRC di Oncologia Molecolare, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Radice
- Unit of Molecular Basis of Genetic Risk and Genetic Testing, Department of Preventive and Predictive Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Janet E Olson
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Graham G Giles
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Roger L Milne
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Christopher A Haiman
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Brian E Henderson
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Mark S Goldberg
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology, Royal Victoria Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Soo H Teo
- Cancer Research Initiatives Foundation, Sime Darby Medical Centre, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
- Breast Cancer Research Unit, University Malaya Cancer Research Institute, University Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Cheng Har Yip
- Breast Cancer Research Unit, University Malaya Cancer Research Institute, University Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Silje Nord
- Department of Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anne-Lise Borresen-Dale
- Department of Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Vessela Kristensen
- Department of Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jirong Long
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Wei Zheng
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Katri Pylkäs
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Tumor Biology, Department of Clinical Chemistry and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, NordLab Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Tumor Biology, Northern Finland Laboratory Centre NordLab, Oulu, Finland
| | - Robert Winqvist
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Tumor Biology, Department of Clinical Chemistry and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, NordLab Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Tumor Biology, Northern Finland Laboratory Centre NordLab, Oulu, Finland
| | - Irene L Andrulis
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Julia A Knight
- Prosserman Centre for Health Research, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Epidemiology, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Peter Devilee
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Caroline Seynaeve
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jonine Figueroa
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Mark E Sherman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Kamila Czene
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hatef Darabi
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Antoinette Hollestelle
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Keith Humphreys
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yu-Tang Gao
- Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Ou Shu
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Angela Cox
- Sheffield Cancer Research, Department of Oncology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Simon S Cross
- Academic Unit of Pathology, Department of Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - William Blot
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- International Epidemiology Institute, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Qiuyin Cai
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Maya Ghoussaini
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Barbara J Perkins
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Mitul Shah
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ji-Yeob Choi
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Daehee Kang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soo Chin Lee
- Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Health System, Singapore
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mikael Hartman
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Surgery, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Maria Kabisch
- Molecular Genetics of Breast Cancer, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Diana Torres
- Molecular Genetics of Breast Cancer, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, Pontificia Universidad Javerianar, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Anna Jakubowska
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Jan Lubinski
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Paul Brennan
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | | | | | - Amanda E Toland
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology and Medical Genetics, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Chen-Yang Shen
- School of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Taiwan Biobank, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Ei Wu
- Taiwan Biobank, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Nick Orr
- Division of Cancer Studies, Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Anthony Swerdlow
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- Division of Breast Cancer Research, Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Lesley McGuffog
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sue Healey
- Cancer Division, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Andrew Lee
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Miroslav Kapuscinski
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Esther M John
- Department of Epidemiology, Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, California, USA
| | - Mary Beth Terry
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Mary B Daly
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - David E Goldgar
- Department of Dermatology, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Saundra S Buys
- Department of Medicine, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Ramunas Janavicius
- State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | | | - Nadine Tung
- Department of Medical Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | | | - Susan L Neuhausen
- Department of Population Sciences, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Bent Ejlertsen
- Department of Oncology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas V O Hansen
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ana Osorio
- Human Genetics Group, Spanish National Cancer Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
- Biomedical Network on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Benitez
- Human Genetics Group, Spanish National Cancer Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
- Biomedical Network on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
- Human Genotyping (CEGEN) Unit, Human Cancer Genetics Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Rachel Rando
- City of Hope Clinical Cancer Genomics Community Research Network, Duarte, California, USA
| | | | - Bernardo Bonanni
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Genetics, Istituto Europeo di Oncologia, Milan, Italy
| | - Bernard Peissel
- Unit of Medical Genetics, Department of Preventive and Predictive Medicine, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Siranoush Manoukian
- Unit of Medical Genetics, Department of Preventive and Predictive Medicine, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Papi
- Unit of Medical Genetics, Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Laura Ottini
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Irene Konstantopoulou
- Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory, INRASTES (Institute of Nuclear and Radiological Sciences and Technology), National Centre for Scientific Research 'Demokritos', Aghia Paraskevi Attikis, Athens, Greece
| | - Paraskevi Apostolou
- Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory, INRASTES (Institute of Nuclear and Radiological Sciences and Technology), National Centre for Scientific Research 'Demokritos', Aghia Paraskevi Attikis, Athens, Greece
| | - Judy Garber
- Cancer Risk and Prevention Clinic, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Muhammad Usman Rashid
- Molecular Genetics of Breast Cancer, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Basic Sciences, Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Debra Frost
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Louise Izatt
- Clinical Genetics, Guy's and St. Thomas' National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Steve Ellis
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Andrew K Godwin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Norbert Arnold
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Christian Albrechts University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Kerstin Rhiem
- Centre of Familial Breast and Ovarian Cancer, Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics and Centre for Integrated Oncology, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Charlotte Sagne
- INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR 5286, Université Lyon, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Dominique Stoppa-Lyonnet
- Institut Curie, Department of Tumour Biology, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Francesca Damiola
- INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR 5286, Université Lyon, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Olga M Sinilnikova
- INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR 5286, Université Lyon, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Unité Mixte de Génétique Constitutionnelle des Cancers Fréquents, Hospices Civils de Lyon-Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Sylvie Mazoyer
- INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR 5286, Université Lyon, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Claudine Isaacs
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | - Kim De Leeneer
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Miguel de la Hoya
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Hospital Clinico San Carlos, IdISSC (El Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos), Madrid, Spain
| | - Trinidad Caldes
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Hospital Clinico San Carlos, IdISSC (El Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos), Madrid, Spain
| | - Heli Nevanlinna
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sofia Khan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Arjen R Mensenkamp
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Maartje J Hooning
- Department of Medical Oncology, Family Cancer Clinic, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Matti A Rookus
- Department of Epidemiology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ava Kwong
- Hong Kong Hereditary Breast Cancer Family Registry, Cancer Genetics Center, Hong Kong Sanatorium and Hospital, Hong Kong
- Department of Surgery, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Edith Olah
- Department of Molecular Genetics, National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Orland Diez
- Oncogenetics Laboratory, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Brunet
- Genetic Counseling Unit, Hereditary Cancer Program, IDIBGI (Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona), Catalan Institute of Oncology, Girona, Spain
| | - Miquel Angel Pujana
- Breast Cancer and Systems Biology Unit, IDIBELL (Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute), Catalan Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jacek Gronwald
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Tomasz Huzarski
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Rosa B Barkardottir
- Department of Pathology, Landspitali University Hospital and Biomedical Centre (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Rachel Laframboise
- Medical Genetic Division, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec and Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Penny Soucy
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec and Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Marco Montagna
- Immunology and Molecular Oncology Unit, Istituto Oncologico Veneto (IOV), IRCCS (Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico), Padua, Italy
| | - Simona Agata
- Immunology and Molecular Oncology Unit, Istituto Oncologico Veneto (IOV), IRCCS (Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico), Padua, Italy
| | - Manuel R Teixeira
- Department of Genetics, Portuguese Oncology Institute, Porto, Portugal
- Biomedical Sciences Institute (ICBAS), Porto University, Porto, Portugal
| | - Sue Kyung Park
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Noralane Lindor
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Fergus J Couch
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Marc Tischkowitz
- Program in Cancer Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Lenka Foretova
- Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute and Medical Faculty, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Joseph Vijai
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Kenneth Offit
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Christian F Singer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christine Rappaport
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Catherine M Phelan
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Mark H Greene
- Clinical Genetics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, US National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Phuong L Mai
- Clinical Genetics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, US National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Gad Rennert
- Department of Community Medicine and Epidemiology, Carmel Medical Center and B. Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Haifa, Israel
- Clalit National Israeli Cancer Control Center, Haifa, Israel
| | | | - Peter J Hulick
- Center for Medical Genetics, NorthShore University Health System, Evanston, Illinois, USA
| | - Kelly-Anne Phillips
- Division of Cancer Medicine, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Marion Piedmonte
- NRG Oncology, Statistics and Data Management Center, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Anna Marie Mulligan
- Laboratory Medicine Program, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gord Glendon
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anders Bojesen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Vejle Hospital, Vejle, Denmark
| | - Mads Thomassen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Maria A Caligo
- Section of Genetic Oncology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Pisa and University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Sook-Yee Yoon
- Cancer Research Initiatives Foundation, Sime Darby Medical Centre, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
- University Malaya Cancer Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University Malaya Medical Centre, University Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Eitan Friedman
- Susanne Levy Gertner Oncogenetics Unit, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Yael Laitman
- Susanne Levy Gertner Oncogenetics Unit, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Ake Borg
- Department of Oncology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Anna von Wachenfeldt
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hans Ehrencrona
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Lund University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Johanna Rantala
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Olufunmilayo I Olopade
- Center for Clinical Cancer Genetics and Global Health, University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Patricia A Ganz
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Control Research, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Los Angeles School of Medicine and School of Public Health, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Robert L Nussbaum
- Department of Medicine and Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Simon A Gayther
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Katherine L Nathanson
- Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Susan M Domchek
- Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Banu K Arun
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Gillian Mitchell
- Familial Cancer Centre, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Beth Y Karlan
- Women's Cancer Program at the Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jenny Lester
- Women's Cancer Program at the Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | | | - Christy Woolcott
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Pediatrics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Christopher Scott
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Jennifer Stone
- Centre for Genetic Origins of Health and Disease, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Carmel Apicella
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rulla Tamimi
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Robert Luben
- Clinical Gerontology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kay-Tee Khaw
- Clinical Gerontology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Åslaug Helland
- Department of Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Vilde Haakensen
- Department of Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mitch Dowsett
- Breast Cancer Research, Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, London, UK
- Academic Biochemistry, Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK
| | - Paul D P Pharoah
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jacques Simard
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec and Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Per Hall
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Montserrat García-Closas
- Division of Cancer Studies, Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Celine Vachon
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | | | - Antonis C Antoniou
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Douglas F Easton
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Stacey L Edwards
- Cancer Division, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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28
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He Y, Liu H, Chen Q, Sun X, Liu C, Shao Y. Relationship between five GWAS-identified single nucleotide polymorphisms and female breast cancer in the Chinese Han population. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:9739-44. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-016-4795-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
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29
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Mensah-Ablorh A, Lindstrom S, Haiman CA, Henderson BE, Marchand LL, Lee S, Stram DO, Eliassen AH, Price A, Kraft P. Meta-Analysis of Rare Variant Association Tests in Multiethnic Populations. Genet Epidemiol 2015; 40:57-65. [PMID: 26639010 DOI: 10.1002/gepi.21939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2015] [Revised: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Several methods have been proposed to increase power in rare variant association testing by aggregating information from individual rare variants (MAF < 0.005). However, how to best combine rare variants across multiple ethnicities and the relative performance of designs using different ethnic sampling fractions remains unknown. In this study, we compare the performance of several statistical approaches for assessing rare variant associations across multiple ethnicities. We also explore how different ethnic sampling fractions perform, including single-ethnicity studies and studies that sample up to four ethnicities. We conducted simulations based on targeted sequencing data from 4,611 women in four ethnicities (African, European, Japanese American, and Latina). As with single-ethnicity studies, burden tests had greater power when all causal rare variants were deleterious, and variance component-based tests had greater power when some causal rare variants were deleterious and some were protective. Multiethnic studies had greater power than single-ethnicity studies at many loci, with inclusion of African Americans providing the largest impact. On average, studies including African Americans had as much as 20% greater power than equivalently sized studies without African Americans. This suggests that association studies between rare variants and complex disease should consider including subjects from multiple ethnicities, with preference given to genetically diverse groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akweley Mensah-Ablorh
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America.,Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Sara Lindstrom
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America.,Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Christopher A Haiman
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Brian E Henderson
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Loic Le Marchand
- Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Research Center, Honolulu, Hawaii, United States of America
| | - Seunngeun Lee
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Daniel O Stram
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - A Heather Eliassen
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Alkes Price
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America.,Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America.,Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Peter Kraft
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America.,Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America.,Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
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30
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O’Mara TA, Glubb DM, Painter JN, Cheng T, Dennis J, Attia J, Holliday EG, McEvoy M, Scott RJ, Ashton K, Proietto T, Otton G, Shah M, Ahmed S, Healey CS, Gorman M, Martin L, Hodgson S, Fasching PA, Hein A, Beckmann MW, Ekici AB, Hall P, Czene K, Darabi H, Li J, Dürst M, Runnebaum I, Hillemanns P, Dörk T, Lambrechts D, Depreeuw J, Annibali D, Amant F, Zhao H, Goode EL, Dowdy SC, Fridley BL, Winham SJ, Salvesen HB, Njølstad TS, Trovik J, Werner HMJ, Tham E, Liu T, Mints M, Bolla MK, Michailidou K, Tyrer JP, Wang Q, Hopper JL, Peto J, Swerdlow AJ, Burwinkel B, Brenner H, Meindl A, Brauch H, Lindblom A, Chang-Claude J, Couch FJ, Giles GG, Kristensen VN, Cox A, Pharoah PDP, Dunning AM, Tomlinson I, Easton DF, Thompson DJ, Spurdle AB. Comprehensive genetic assessment of the ESR1 locus identifies a risk region for endometrial cancer. Endocr Relat Cancer 2015; 22:851-61. [PMID: 26330482 PMCID: PMC4559752 DOI: 10.1530/erc-15-0319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Excessive exposure to estrogen is a well-established risk factor for endometrial cancer (EC), particularly for cancers of endometrioid histology. The physiological function of estrogen is primarily mediated by estrogen receptor alpha, encoded by ESR1. Consequently, several studies have investigated whether variation at the ESR1 locus is associated with risk of EC, with conflicting results. We performed comprehensive fine-mapping analyses of 3633 genotyped and imputed single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 6607 EC cases and 37 925 controls. There was evidence of an EC risk signal located at a potential alternative promoter of the ESR1 gene (lead SNP rs79575945, P=1.86×10(-5)), which was stronger for cancers of endometrioid subtype (P=3.76×10(-6)). Bioinformatic analysis suggests that this risk signal is in a functionally important region targeting ESR1, and eQTL analysis found that rs79575945 was associated with expression of SYNE1, a neighbouring gene. In summary, we have identified a single EC risk signal located at ESR1, at study-wide significance. Given SNPs located at this locus have been associated with risk for breast cancer, also a hormonally driven cancer, this study adds weight to the rationale for performing informed candidate fine-scale genetic studies across cancer types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracy A O’Mara
- Department of Genetics and Computational Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, 4006, Australia
| | - Dylan M Glubb
- Department of Genetics and Computational Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, 4006, Australia
| | - Jodie N Painter
- Department of Genetics and Computational Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, 4006, Australia
| | - Timothy Cheng
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Joe Dennis
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK
| | | | - John Attia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, NSW, 2305, Australia
- Centre for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, NSW, 2305, Australia
| | - Elizabeth G Holliday
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, NSW, 2305, Australia
- Centre for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, NSW, 2305, Australia
| | - Mark McEvoy
- Centre for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, NSW, 2305, Australia
| | - Rodney J Scott
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, NSW, 2305, Australia
- Hunter Area Pathology Service, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, NSW, 2305, Australia
- Centre for Information Based Medicine, University of Newcastle, NSW, 2308, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Katie Ashton
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, NSW, 2305, Australia
- Centre for Information Based Medicine, University of Newcastle, NSW, 2308, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Tony Proietto
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Geoffrey Otton
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Mitul Shah
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Shahana Ahmed
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Catherine S Healey
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Maggie Gorman
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Lynn Martin
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | | | - Shirley Hodgson
- Department of Clinical Genetics, St George’s, University of London, London, SW17 0RE, UK
| | - Peter A Fasching
- University of California at Los Angeles, Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, 91054, Germany
| | - Alexander Hein
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, 91054, Germany
| | - Matthias W Beckmann
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, 91054, Germany
| | - Arif B Ekici
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, 91054, Germany
| | - Per Hall
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SE-171 77, Sweden
| | - Kamila Czene
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SE-171 77, Sweden
| | - Hatef Darabi
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SE-171 77, Sweden
| | - Jingmei Li
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SE-171 77, Sweden
| | - Matthias Dürst
- Department of Gynaecology, Jena University Hospital - Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, 07743, Germany
| | - Ingo Runnebaum
- Department of Gynaecology, Jena University Hospital - Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, 07743, Germany
| | - Peter Hillemanns
- Hannover Medical School, Clinics of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Hannover, 30625, Germany
| | - Thilo Dörk
- Hannover Medical School, Gynaecology Research Unit, Hannover, 30625, Germany
| | - Diether Lambrechts
- Vesalius Research Center, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
- Laboratory for Translational Genetics, Department of Oncology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
| | - Jeroen Depreeuw
- Vesalius Research Center, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
- Laboratory for Translational Genetics, Department of Oncology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University Hospitals, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, 3000, Belgium
| | - Daniela Annibali
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University Hospitals, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, 3000, Belgium
| | - Frederic Amant
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University Hospitals, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, 3000, Belgium
| | - Hui Zhao
- Vesalius Research Center, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
- Laboratory for Translational Genetics, Department of Oncology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
| | - Ellen L Goode
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Sean C Dowdy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Brooke L Fridley
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - Stacey J Winham
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Helga B Salvesen
- Centre for Cancerbiomarkers, Department of Clinical Science, The University of Bergen, 5020, Norway
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, 5021, Norway
| | - Tormund S Njølstad
- Centre for Cancerbiomarkers, Department of Clinical Science, The University of Bergen, 5020, Norway
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, 5021, Norway
| | - Jone Trovik
- Centre for Cancerbiomarkers, Department of Clinical Science, The University of Bergen, 5020, Norway
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, 5021, Norway
| | - Henrica MJ Werner
- Centre for Cancerbiomarkers, Department of Clinical Science, The University of Bergen, 5020, Norway
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, 5021, Norway
| | - Emma Tham
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SE-171 77, Sweden
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SE-171 77, Sweden
| | - Miriam Mints
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, SE-171 77, Sweden
| | - RENDOCAS
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SE-171 77, Sweden
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, SE-171 77, Sweden
| | - Manjeet K Bolla
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Kyriaki Michailidou
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Jonathan P Tyrer
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Qin Wang
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK
| | - John L Hopper
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Vic, 3010, Australia
| | - AOCS Group
- Department of Genetics and Computational Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, 4006, Australia
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Center, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, 3002, Australia
| | - Julian Peto
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Anthony J Swerdlow
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, Institute of Cancer Research, London, SM2 5NG, UK
- Division of Breast Cancer Research, Institute of Cancer Research, London, SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Barbara Burwinkel
- Molecular Biology of Breast Cancer, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, 69120, Germany
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, 69120, Germany
| | - Hermann Brenner
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, 69120, Germany
- Division of Preventive Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, 69120, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, 69120, Germany
| | - Alfons Meindl
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Tumor Genetics, Technical University of Munich, Munich, 80333, Germany
| | - Hiltrud Brauch
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, 69120, Germany
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, 70376, Germany
- University of Tübingen, Tübingen, 72074, Germany
| | - Annika Lindblom
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SE-171 77, Sweden
| | - Jenny Chang-Claude
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, 69120, Germany
| | - Fergus J Couch
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Graham G Giles
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Vic, 3010, Australia
- Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Vic, 3004, Australia
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic, 3004, Australia
| | - Vessela N Kristensen
- Department of Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo, 0310, Norway
- The K.G. Jebsen Center for Breast Cancer Research, Institute for Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, 0316, Norway
- Department of Clinical Molecular Oncology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, 1478, Norway
| | - Angela Cox
- Sheffield Cancer Research, Department of Oncology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2RX, UK
| | - Paul D P Pharoah
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Alison M Dunning
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Ian Tomlinson
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Douglas F Easton
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Deborah J Thompson
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Amanda B Spurdle
- Department of Genetics and Computational Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, 4006, Australia
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Lesueur F. Breast Cancer Risk Gene Discovery: Opportunities and Challenges. CURRENT GENETIC MEDICINE REPORTS 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s40142-015-0066-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Genome-wide association study of breast cancer in Latinas identifies novel protective variants on 6q25. Nat Commun 2014; 5:5260. [PMID: 25327703 PMCID: PMC4204111 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms6260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2014] [Accepted: 09/12/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The genetic contributions to breast cancer development among Latinas are not well understood. Here we carry out a genome-wide association study of breast cancer in Latinas and identify a genome-wide significant risk variant, located 5′ of the Estrogen Receptor 1 gene (ESR1; 6q25 region). The minor allele for this variant is strongly protective (rs140068132: odds ratio (OR) 0.60, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.53–0.67, P=9 × 10−18), originates from Indigenous Americans and is uncorrelated with previously reported risk variants at 6q25. The association is stronger for oestrogen receptor-negative disease (OR 0.34, 95% CI 0.21–0.54) than oestrogen receptor-positive disease (OR 0.63, 95% CI 0.49–0.80; P heterogeneity=0.01) and is also associated with mammographic breast density, a strong risk factor for breast cancer (P=0.001). rs140068132 is located within several transcription factor-binding sites and electrophoretic mobility shift assays with MCF-7 nuclear protein demonstrate differential binding of the G/A alleles at this locus. These results highlight the importance of conducting research in diverse populations. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have revealed gene variants associated with breast cancer, but their association with breast cancer development in Latinas is not clear. Here, the authors carry out a GWAS of breast cancer in Latinas and identify a significant protective variant of Indigenous American origin in the 6q25 region.
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Wang Y, He Y, Qin Z, Jiang Y, Jin G, Ma H, Dai J, Chen J, Hu Z, Guan X, Shen H. Evaluation of functional genetic variants at 6q25.1 and risk of breast cancer in a Chinese population. Breast Cancer Res 2014; 16:422. [PMID: 25116933 PMCID: PMC4303231 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-014-0422-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2013] [Accepted: 07/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at 6q25.1 that are associated with breast cancer susceptibility have been identified in several genome-wide association studies (GWASs). However, the exact causal variants in this region have not been clarified. Methods In the present study, we genotyped six potentially functional single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the CCDC170 and ESR1 gene regions at 6q25.1 and accessed their associations with risk of breast cancer in a study of 1,064 cases and 1,073 cancer-free controls in Chinese women. The biological function of the risk variant was further evaluated by performing laboratory experiments. Results Breast cancer risk was significantly associated with three SNPs located at 6q25.1—rs9383935 in CCDC170 and rs2228480 and rs3798758 in ESR1—with variant allele attributed odds ratios (ORs) of 1.38 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.20 to 1.57, P = 2.21 × 10-6), 0.84 (95% CI: 0.72 to 0.98, P = 0.025) and 1.19 (95% CI: 1.04 to 1.37, P = 0.013), respectively. The functional variant rs9383935 is in high linkage disequilibrium (LD) with GWAS-reported top-hit SNP (rs2046210), but only rs9383935 showed a strong independent effect in conditional regression analysis. The rs9383935 risk allele A showed decreased activity of reporter gene in both the MCF-7 and BT-474 breast cancer cell lines, which might be due to an altered binding capacity of miR-27a to the 3' untranslated region (3' UTR) sequence of CCDC170. Real-time quantitative reverse transcription PCR confirmed the correlation between rs9383935 genotypes and CCDC170 expression levels. Conclusions The results of this study suggest that the functional variant rs9383935, located at the 3' UTR of CCDC170, may be one candidate of the causal variants at 6q25.1 that modulate the risk of breast cancer. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13058-014-0422-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Anderson WF, Rosenberg PS, Prat A, Perou CM, Sherman ME. How many etiological subtypes of breast cancer: two, three, four, or more? J Natl Cancer Inst 2014; 106:dju165. [PMID: 25118203 PMCID: PMC4148600 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/dju165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2013] [Revised: 05/01/2014] [Accepted: 05/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease, divisible into a variable number of clinical subtypes. A fundamental question is how many etiological classes underlie the clinical spectrum of breast cancer? An etiological subtype reflects a grouping with a common set of causes, whereas a clinical subtype represents a grouping with similar prognosis and/or prediction. Herein, we review the evidence for breast cancer etiological heterogeneity. We then evaluate the etiological evidence with mRNA profiling data. A bimodal age distribution at diagnosis with peak frequencies near ages 50 and 70 years is a fundamental characteristic of breast cancer for important tumor features, clinical characteristics, risk factor profiles, and molecular subtypes. The bimodal peak frequencies at diagnosis divide breast cancer overall into a "mixture" of two main components in varying proportions in different cancer populations. The first breast cancer tends to arise early in life with modal age-at-diagnosis near 50 years and generally behaves aggressively. The second breast cancer occurs later in life with modal age near 70 years and usually portends a more indolent clinical course. These epidemiological and molecular data are consistent with a two-component mixture model and compatible with a hierarchal view of breast cancers arising from two main cell types of origin. Notwithstanding the potential added value of more detailed categorizations for personalized breast cancer treatment, we suggest that the development of better criteria to identify the two proposed etiologic classes would advance breast cancer research and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- William F Anderson
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics Biostatistics Branch (WFA, PSR), and Division of Cancer Prevention (MES), National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Translational Genomics Group, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain (AP); Department of Genetics and Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC (CMP).
| | - Philip S Rosenberg
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics Biostatistics Branch (WFA, PSR), and Division of Cancer Prevention (MES), National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Translational Genomics Group, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain (AP); Department of Genetics and Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC (CMP)
| | - Aleix Prat
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics Biostatistics Branch (WFA, PSR), and Division of Cancer Prevention (MES), National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Translational Genomics Group, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain (AP); Department of Genetics and Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC (CMP)
| | - Charles M Perou
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics Biostatistics Branch (WFA, PSR), and Division of Cancer Prevention (MES), National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Translational Genomics Group, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain (AP); Department of Genetics and Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC (CMP)
| | - Mark E Sherman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics Biostatistics Branch (WFA, PSR), and Division of Cancer Prevention (MES), National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Translational Genomics Group, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain (AP); Department of Genetics and Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC (CMP)
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Lee CPL, Irwanto A, Salim A, Yuan JM, Liu J, Koh WP, Hartman M. Breast cancer risk assessment using genetic variants and risk factors in a Singapore Chinese population. Breast Cancer Res 2014; 16:R64. [PMID: 24941967 PMCID: PMC4095592 DOI: 10.1186/bcr3678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2013] [Accepted: 06/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Genetic variants for breast cancer risk identified in genome-wide association studies (GWAS) in Western populations require further testing in Asian populations. A risk assessment model incorporating both validated genetic variants and established risk factors may improve its performance in risk prediction of Asian women. Methods A nested case-control study of female breast cancer (411 cases and 1,212 controls) within the Singapore Chinese Health Study was conducted to investigate the effects of 51 genetic variants identified in previous GWAS on breast cancer risk. The independent effect of these genetic variants was assessed by creating a summed genetic risk score (GRS) after adjustment for body mass index and the Gail model risk factors for breast cancer. Results The GRS was an independent predictor of breast cancer risk in Chinese women. The multivariate-adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) of breast cancer for the second, third, and fourth quartiles of the GRS were 1.26 (0.90 to 1.76), 1.47 (1.06 to 2.04) and 1.75 (1.27 to 2.41) respectively (P for trend <0.001). In addition to established risk factors, the GRS improved the classification of 6.2% of women for their absolute risk of breast cancer in the next five years. Conclusions Genetic variants on top of conventional risk factors can improve the risk prediction of breast cancer in Chinese women.
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HER2 and TOP2A amplification in a hospital-based cohort of breast cancer patients: associations with patient and tumor characteristics. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2014; 145:193-203. [PMID: 24682655 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-014-2922-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2014] [Accepted: 03/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Gene amplification is an important factor for altered gene expression in breast cancers. TOP2A-amplification often occurs concomitantly with HER2 amplification, and it has been suggested to be predictive for the response to anthracycline chemotherapy. This study assessed the correlation between HER2 status and TOP2A co-amplification, the possible association of TOP2A single-nucleotide polymorphisms with the frequency of this co-amplification as well as confirmation of association with outcome. HER2 and TOP2A amplification were analyzed in a tissue microarray from a clinical cohort study. Additionally, a common genetic variant (rs13695) in the TOP2A gene was genotyped in germline DNA. HER2 gene amplification was compared with HER2-IHC findings assessed during clinical routine work, and the association between all the biomarkers analyzed and the clinical outcome was determined. As an exploratory aim, rs13695 genotypes were compared with TOP2A amplification status. HER2 amplification was seen in 101 of 628 (16.1 %) and TOP2A amplification in 32 (5.1 %) cancers. No TOP2A amplification occurred without HER2 co-amplification. HER2 amplification was found in 8, 13.6, and 55.1 % of patients with HER2-IHC 0/1+, 2+, and 3+ tumors, respectively. HER2-IHC was not associated with an effect on the prognosis, but HER2-FISH was. There was an association between the rs13695 genotype and TOP2A amplification status (P = 0.03). Although there was a significant correlation between HER2 status determined by IHC and HER2 by FISH, only HER2 gene amplification status by FISH was correlated with outcome indicating greater utility for FISH in routine clinical settings.
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Horne HN, Sherman ME, Garcia-Closas M, Pharoah PD, Blows FM, Yang XR, Hewitt SM, Conway CM, Lissowska J, Brinton LA, Prokunina-Olsson L, Dawson SJ, Caldas C, Easton DF, Chanock SJ, Figueroa JD. Breast cancer susceptibility risk associations and heterogeneity by E-cadherin tumor tissue expression. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2014; 143:181-7. [PMID: 24292867 PMCID: PMC4159747 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-013-2771-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2013] [Accepted: 11/09/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
E-cadherin is involved in cell-cell adhesion and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transitions. In cancers, loss or inactivation of E-cadherin is associated with epithelial cell proliferation and invasion. Here, we sought to determine, if risk associations for 18 breast cancer susceptibility single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) differed by E-cadherin tumor tissue expression in the Polish Breast Cancer Study (PBCS), using data on 1,347 invasive breast cancer cases and 2,366 controls. E-cadherin expression (low/high) was assessed using immunohistochemical staining of tumor tissue microarrays. Replication data on 2,006 cases and 6,714 controls from the Study of Epidemiology and Risk Factors in Cancer Heredity was used to follow-up promising findings from PBCS. In PBCS, we found the rs11249433 SNP at the 1p11.2 locus to be more strongly associated with risk of E-cadherin low tumors (OR = 1.30, 95 % CI = 1.08-1.56) than with E-cadherin high tumors [OR = 1.06, 95 % CI = 0.95-1.18; case-only p-heterogeneity (p-het) = 0.05]. Findings in PBCS for rs11249433 were replicated in SEARCH. Combined analyses of the two datasets for SNP rs11249433 revealed significant heterogeneity by E-cadherin expression (combined case-only p-het = 0.004). Further, among carriers of rs11249433, the highest risk was seen for E-cadherin low tumors that were ER-positive and of lobular histology. Our results in two independent data sets suggest that rs11249433, which is located between the NOTCH2 and FCGR1B genes within the 1p11.2 locus, is more strongly associated with risk of breast tumors with low or absent E-cadherin expression, and suggest that evaluation of E-cadherin tumor tissue expression may be useful in clarifying breast cancer risk factor associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisani N Horne
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA,
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Maxwell KN, Nathanson KL. Common breast cancer risk variants in the post-COGS era: a comprehensive review. Breast Cancer Res 2013; 15:212. [PMID: 24359602 PMCID: PMC3978855 DOI: 10.1186/bcr3591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer has a strong heritable component, with approximately 15% of cases exhibiting a family history of the disease. Mutations in genes such as BRCA1, BRCA2 and TP53 lead to autosomal dominant inherited cancer susceptibility and confer a high lifetime risk of breast cancers. Identification of mutations in these genes through clinical genetic testing enables patients to undergo screening and prevention strategies, some of which provide overall survival benefit. In addition, a number of mutant alleles have been identified in genes such as CHEK2, PALB2, ATM and BRIP1, which often display incomplete penetrance and confer moderate lifetime risks of breast cancer. Studies are underway to determine how to use the identification of mutations in these genes to guide clinical practice. Altogether, however, mutations in high and moderate penetrance genes probably account for approximately 25% of familial breast cancer risk; the remainder may be due to mutations in as yet unidentified genes or lower penetrance variants. Common low penetrance alleles, which have been mainly identified through genome-wide association studies (GWAS), are generally present at 10 to 50% population frequencies and confer less than 1.5-fold increases in breast cancer risk. A number of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been identified and risk associations extensively replicated in populations of European ancestry, the number of which has substantially increased as a result of GWAS performed by the Collaborative Oncological Gene–environment Study consortium. It is now estimated that 28% of familial breast cancer risk is explained by common breast cancer susceptibility loci. In some cases, SNP associations may be specific to different subsets of women with breast cancer, as defined by ethnicity or estrogen receptor status. Although not yet clinically established, it is hoped that identification of common risk variants may eventually allow identification of women at higher risk of breast cancer and enable implementation of breast cancer screening, prevention or treatment strategies that provide clinical benefit.
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Mizoo T, Taira N, Nishiyama K, Nogami T, Iwamoto T, Motoki T, Shien T, Matsuoka J, Doihara H, Ishihara S, Kawai H, Kawasaki K, Ishibe Y, Ogasawara Y, Komoike Y, Miyoshi S. Effects of lifestyle and single nucleotide polymorphisms on breast cancer risk: a case-control study in Japanese women. BMC Cancer 2013; 13:565. [PMID: 24289300 PMCID: PMC3879029 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-13-565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2013] [Accepted: 11/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Lifestyle factors, including food and nutrition, physical activity, body composition and reproductive factors, and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are associated with breast cancer risk, but few studies of these factors have been performed in the Japanese population. Thus, the goals of this study were to validate the association between reported SNPs and breast cancer risk in the Japanese population and to evaluate the effects of SNP genotypes and lifestyle factors on breast cancer risk. Methods A case–control study in 472 patients and 464 controls was conducted from December 2010 to November 2011. Lifestyle was examined using a self-administered questionnaire. We analyzed 16 breast cancer-associated SNPs based on previous GWAS or candidate-gene association studies. Age or multivariate-adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were estimated from logistic regression analyses. Results High BMI and current or former smoking were significantly associated with an increased breast cancer risk, while intake of meat, mushrooms, yellow and green vegetables, coffee, and green tea, current leisure-time exercise, and education were significantly associated with a decreased risk. Three SNPs were significantly associated with a breast cancer risk in multivariate analysis: rs2046210 (per allele OR = 1.37 [95% CI: 1.11-1.70]), rs3757318 (OR = 1.33[1.05-1.69]), and rs3803662 (OR = 1.28 [1.07-1.55]). In 2046210 risk allele carriers, leisure-time exercise was associated with a significantly decreased risk for breast cancer, whereas current smoking and high BMI were associated with a significantly decreased risk in non-risk allele carriers. Conclusion In Japanese women, rs2046210 and 3757318 located near the ESR1 gene are associated with a risk of breast cancer, as in other Asian women. However, our findings suggest that exercise can decrease this risk in allele carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Naruto Taira
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery and Breast and Endocrinological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Okayama-city, Okayama 700-8558, Japan.
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Edwards SL, Beesley J, French JD, Dunning AM. Beyond GWASs: illuminating the dark road from association to function. Am J Hum Genet 2013; 93:779-97. [PMID: 24210251 PMCID: PMC3824120 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2013.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 555] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have enabled the discovery of common genetic variation contributing to normal and pathological traits and clinical drug responses, but recognizing the precise targets of these associations is now the major challenge. Here, we review recent approaches to the functional follow-up of GWAS loci, including fine mapping of GWAS signal(s), prioritization of putative functional SNPs by the integration of genetic epidemiological and bioinformatic methods, and in vitro and in vivo experimental verification of predicted molecular mechanisms for identifying the targeted genes. The majority of GWAS-identified variants fall in noncoding regions of the genome. Therefore, this review focuses on strategies for assessing likely mechanisms affected by noncoding variants; such mechanisms include transcriptional regulation, noncoding RNA function, and epigenetic regulation. These approaches have already accelerated progress from genetic studies to biological knowledge and might ultimately guide the development of prognostic, preventive, and therapeutic measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacey L Edwards
- Department of Genetics and Computational Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland 4029, Australia; School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia.
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Bogdanova N, Helbig S, Dörk T. Hereditary breast cancer: ever more pieces to the polygenic puzzle. Hered Cancer Clin Pract 2013; 11:12. [PMID: 24025454 PMCID: PMC3851033 DOI: 10.1186/1897-4287-11-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2013] [Accepted: 09/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Several susceptibility genes differentially impact on the lifetime risk for breast cancer. Technological advances over the past years have enabled the detection of genetic risk factors through high-throughput screening of large breast cancer case-control series. High- to intermediate penetrance alleles have now been identified in more than 20 genes involved in DNA damage signalling and repair, and more than 70 low-penetrance loci have been discovered through recent genome-wide association studies. In addition to classical germ-line mutation and single-nucleotide polymorphism, copy number variation and somatic mosaicism have been proposed as potential predisposing mechanisms. Many of the identified loci also appear to influence breast tumour characteristics such as estrogen receptor status. In this review, we briefly summarize present knowledge about breast cancer susceptibility genes and discuss their implications for risk prediction and clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Bogdanova
- Clinics of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Clinics of Radiation Oncology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Sonja Helbig
- Clinics of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Thilo Dörk
- Clinics of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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Pei J, Li F, Wang B. Single nucleotide polymorphism 6q25.1 rs2046210 and increased risk of breast cancer. Tumour Biol 2013; 34:4073-9. [PMID: 23888322 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-013-0997-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2013] [Accepted: 07/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED The onset and development of breast cancer (BC) are influenced by many factors, including the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs2046210 at 6q25.1. However, studies of the potential association between rs2046210 at 6q25.1 and risk of BC have given inconsistent results. We performed a meta-analysis to address this controversy. PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science were systematically searched to identify relevant studies. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to assess the strength of the association between this SNP and risk of BC. A total of 14 studies are included in the meta-analysis, involving 123,085 cases and 120,761 controls. The A-allele, AA/GA, and AA genotypes were significantly associated with increased risk of BC (A-allele vs. G-allele: OR = 1.20, 95%CI = 1.15-1.25, P for heterogeneity < 0.0001; AA/GA vs. GG: OR = 1.22, 95%CI = 1.16-1.28, P for heterogeneity < 0.0001; AA vs. GA/GG OR = 1.18, 95%CI = 1.13-1.24, P for heterogeneity = 0.064). In further stratified analysis by ethnicity, the elevated risks were found in Europeans and Asians, while there was no significant association detected in African population. In the subgroup analysis based on sample size and source of control, significant results were observed in all the subgroups. There was evidence of heterogeneity (P < 0.10), which largely disappeared after stratification by ethnicity. In summary, this meta-analysis suggests the participation of rs2046210 at 6q25.1 in the susceptibility for BC, especially in Europeans and Asians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Pei
- The Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Jixi Road 218, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, China
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Genetic variants in hormone-related genes and risk of breast cancer. PLoS One 2013; 8:e69367. [PMID: 23935996 PMCID: PMC3720532 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0069367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2013] [Accepted: 06/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Sex hormones play a key role in the development of breast cancer. Certain polymorphic variants (SNPs and repeat polymorphisms) in hormone-related genes are associated with sex hormone levels. However, the relationship observed between these genetic variants and breast cancer risk has been inconsistent. We conducted a case-control study nested within two prospective cohorts to assess the relationship between specific genetic variants in hormone-related genes and breast cancer risk. In total, 1164 cases and 2111 individually-matched controls were included in the study. We did not observe an association between potential functional genetic polymorphisms in the estrogen pathway, SHBG rs6259, ESR1 rs2234693, CYP19 rs10046 and rs4775936, and UGT1A1 rs8175347, or the progesterone pathway, PGR rs1042838, with the risk of breast cancer. Our results suggest that these genetic variants do not have a strong effect on breast cancer risk.
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Barnes DR, Barrowdale D, Beesley J, Chen X, James PA, Hopper JL, Goldgar D, Chenevix-Trench G, Antoniou AC, Mitchell G. Estimating single nucleotide polymorphism associations using pedigree data: applications to breast cancer. Br J Cancer 2013; 108:2610-22. [PMID: 23756864 PMCID: PMC3694253 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2013.277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2012] [Revised: 05/06/2013] [Accepted: 05/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pedigrees with multiple genotyped family members have been underutilised in breast cancer (BC) genetic-association studies. We developed a pedigree-based analytical framework to characterise single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) associations with BC risk using data from 736 BC families ascertained through multiple affected individuals. On average, eight family members had been genotyped for 24 SNPs previously associated with BC. METHODS Breast cancer incidence was modelled on the basis of SNP effects and residual polygenic effects. Relative risk (RR) estimates were obtained by maximising the retrospective likelihood (RL) of observing the family genotypes conditional on all disease phenotypes. Models were extended to assess parent-of-origin effects (POEs). RESULTS Thirteen SNPs were significantly associated with BC under the pedigree RL approach. This approach yielded estimates consistent with those from large population-based studies. Logistic regression models ignoring pedigree structure generally gave larger RRs and association P-values. SNP rs3817198 in LSP1, previously shown to exhibit POE, yielded maternal and paternal RR estimates that were similar to those previously reported (paternal RR=1.12 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.99-1.27), P=0.081, one-sided P=0.04; maternal RR=0.94 (95% CI: 0.84-1.06), P=0.33). No other SNP exhibited POE. CONCLUSION Our pedigree-based methods provide a valuable and efficient tool for characterising genetic associations with BC risk or other diseases and can complement population-based studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- D R Barnes
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - D Barrowdale
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - J Beesley
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - X Chen
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - kConFab Investigators
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Westmead Hospital, Westmead Institute for Cancer Research, University of Sydney at Westmead Millennium Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Familial Cancer Centre, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, St Andrews Place, East Melbourne, Victoria 3002, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
- Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic and Analytic Epidemiology, Melbourne School of Population Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Dermatology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Australian Ovarian Cancer Study Group
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Westmead Hospital, Westmead Institute for Cancer Research, University of Sydney at Westmead Millennium Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Familial Cancer Centre, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, St Andrews Place, East Melbourne, Victoria 3002, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
- Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic and Analytic Epidemiology, Melbourne School of Population Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Dermatology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - P A James
- Familial Cancer Centre, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, St Andrews Place, East Melbourne, Victoria 3002, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - J L Hopper
- Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic and Analytic Epidemiology, Melbourne School of Population Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - D Goldgar
- Department of Dermatology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - G Chenevix-Trench
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - A C Antoniou
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - G Mitchell
- Familial Cancer Centre, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, St Andrews Place, East Melbourne, Victoria 3002, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
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Wu X, Xu QQ, Guo L, Yu CT, Xiong YY, Wei ZY, Huo R, Li ST, Shen L, Niu JM, Liu L, Lin Y, He L, Qin SY. Quantitative assessment of the association between rs2046210 at 6q25.1 and breast cancer risk. PLoS One 2013; 8:e65206. [PMID: 23785413 PMCID: PMC3681980 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0065206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2013] [Accepted: 04/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified several genetic susceptibility loci for breast cancer (BC). One of them, conducted among Chinese women, found an association of rs2046210 at 6q25.1 with the risk of BC recently. Since then, numerous association studies have been carried out to investigate the relationship between this polymorphism and BC risk in various populations. However, these have yielded contradictory results. We therefore performed a meta-analysis to clarify this inconsistency. Overall, a total of 235003 subjects based on 13 studies were included in our study. Significantly increased BC risk was detected in the pooled analysis [allele contrast: OR = 1.13, 95%CI = 1.10-1.17, P(Z) <10(-5), P(Q) <10(-4); dominant model: OR = 1.21, 95%CI = 1.14-1.27, P(Z) <10(-5), P(Q) <10(-4); recessive model: OR = 1.18, 95%CI = 1.12-1.24, P(Z) <10(-5), P(Q) = 0.04]. In addition, our data revealed that rs2046210 conferred greater risk in estrogen receptor (ER)-negative tumors [OR = 1.27, 95%CI = 1.15-1.40, P(Z) <10(-5), P(Q) <10(-4)] than in ER-positive ones [OR = 1.18, 95%CI = 1.09-1.28, P(Z) <10(-4), P(Q) = 0.0003]. When stratified by ethnicity, significant associations were found in Caucasian and Asian populations, but not detected among Africans. There was evidence of heterogeneity (P<0.05), however, the heterogeneity largely disappeared after stratification by ethnicity. The present meta-analysis demonstrated that the rs2046210 polymorphism may be associated with increased BC susceptibility, but this association varies in different ethnicities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Wu
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R. China
- Shanghai Institutes of Genome Pilot and Human Health, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing-Qing Xu
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R. China
- Shanghai Institutes of Genome Pilot and Human Health, Shanghai, China
| | - Liang Guo
- The Fourth Hospital of Jinan City, Taishan Medical College, Jinan, China
| | - Chuan-Ting Yu
- Clinical Laboratory, Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai, China
| | - Yu-Yu Xiong
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R. China
- Shanghai Institutes of Genome Pilot and Human Health, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhi-Yun Wei
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R. China
- Shanghai Institutes of Genome Pilot and Human Health, Shanghai, China
| | - Ran Huo
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R. China
- Shanghai Institutes of Genome Pilot and Human Health, Shanghai, China
| | - Sheng-Tian Li
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Lu Shen
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R. China
- Shanghai Institutes of Genome Pilot and Human Health, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Lu Liu
- Laiwu Hospital, Shandong, China
| | - Yi Lin
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R. China
- School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin He
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R. China
- Shanghai Institutes of Genome Pilot and Human Health, Shanghai, China
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (SYQ); (LH)
| | - Sheng-Ying Qin
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R. China
- Shanghai Institutes of Genome Pilot and Human Health, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (SYQ); (LH)
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Rodriguez-Acevedo AJ, Maher BH, Lea RA, Benton M, Griffiths LR. Association of oestrogen-receptor gene (ESR1) polymorphisms with migraine in the large Norfolk Island pedigree. Cephalalgia 2013; 33:1139-47. [DOI: 10.1177/0333102413486321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Background Oestrogen receptor 1 ( ESR1) is located in region 6q25.1 and encodes a ligand-activated transcription factor composed of several domains important for hormone binding and transcription activation. Progesterone receptor ( PGR) is located in 11q22-23 and mediates the role of progesterone interacting with different transcriptional co-regulators. ESR1 and PGR have previously been implicated in migraine susceptibility. Here, we report the results of an association study of these genes in a migraine pedigree from the genetic isolate of Norfolk Island, a population descended from a small number of Isle of Man “Bounty Mutineer” and Tahitian founders. Methods A significant number of molecular markers in the ESR1 (143) and PGR (43) genes were evaluated in a sample of 285 related individuals (135 males; 150 females). A pedigree-based analysis in the GenABEL package was used to analyse the results. Results and conclusions A total of 10 markers in the ESR1 gene showed association with migraine ( p < 0.05) in the Norfolk Island population. No association was detected with PGR. Three haplotypes in ESR1 were found to be associated with migraine ( p = 0.004, 0.03, 0.005). Future genetic studies in larger populations and expression analysis are required to clarify the role of ESR1 in migraine susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bridget H Maher
- Genomics Research Centre, Griffith Health Institute, Griffith University, Australia
| | - Rodney A Lea
- Genomics Research Centre, Griffith Health Institute, Griffith University, Australia
| | - Miles Benton
- Genomics Research Centre, Griffith Health Institute, Griffith University, Australia
| | - Lyn R Griffiths
- Genomics Research Centre, Griffith Health Institute, Griffith University, Australia
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Yang Z, Shen J, Cao Z, Wang B. Association between a novel polymorphism (rs2046210) of the 6q25.1 locus and breast cancer risk. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2013; 139:267-75. [DOI: 10.1007/s10549-013-2494-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2013] [Accepted: 03/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Ottini L, Silvestri V, Saieva C, Rizzolo P, Zanna I, Falchetti M, Masala G, Navazio AS, Graziano V, Bianchi S, Manoukian S, Barile M, Peterlongo P, D'Amico C, Varesco L, Tommasi S, Russo A, Giannini G, Cortesi L, Viel A, Montagna M, Radice P, Palli D. Association of low-penetrance alleles with male breast cancer risk and clinicopathological characteristics: results from a multicenter study in Italy. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2013; 138:861-8. [PMID: 23468243 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-013-2459-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2013] [Accepted: 02/18/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
It is well-known that male breast cancer (MBC) susceptibility is mainly due to high-penetrance BRCA1/2 mutations. Here, we investigated whether common low-penetrance breast cancer (BC) susceptibility alleles may influence MBC risk in Italian population and whether variant alleles may be associated with specific clinicopathological features of MBCs. In the frame of the Italian Multicenter Study on MBC, we genotyped 413 MBCs and 745 age-matched male controls at 9 SNPs annotating known BC susceptibility loci. By multivariate logistic regression models, we found a significant increased MBC risk for 3 SNPs, in particular, with codominant models, for rs2046210/ESR1 (OR = 1.71; 95 % CI: 1.43-2.05; p = 0.0001), rs3803662/TOX3 (OR = 1.59; 95 % CI: 1.32-1.92; p = 0.0001), and rs2981582/FGFR2 (OR = 1.26; 95 % CI: 1.05-1.50; p = 0.013). Furthermore, we showed that the prevalence of the risk genotypes of ESR1 tended to be higher in ER- tumors (p = 0.062). In a case-case multivariate analysis, a statistically significant association between ESR1 and ER- tumors was found (OR = 1.88; 95 % CI: 1.03-3.49; p = 0.039). Overall, our data, based on a large and well-characterized MBC series, support the hypothesis that common low-penetrance BC susceptibility alleles play a role in MBC susceptibility and, interestingly, indicate that ESR1 is associated with a distinct tumor subtype defined by ER-negative status.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Ottini
- Department of Molecular Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy.
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