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Sayers I, John C, Chen J, Hall IP. Genetics of chronic respiratory disease. Nat Rev Genet 2024:10.1038/s41576-024-00695-0. [PMID: 38448562 DOI: 10.1038/s41576-024-00695-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Chronic respiratory diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma and interstitial lung diseases are frequently occurring disorders with a polygenic basis that account for a large global burden of morbidity and mortality. Recent large-scale genetic epidemiology studies have identified associations between genetic variation and individual respiratory diseases and linked specific genetic variants to quantitative traits related to lung function. These associations have improved our understanding of the genetic basis and mechanisms underlying common lung diseases. Moreover, examining the overlap between genetic associations of different respiratory conditions, along with evidence for gene-environment interactions, has yielded additional biological insights into affected molecular pathways. This genetic information could inform the assessment of respiratory disease risk and contribute to stratified treatment approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Sayers
- NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, UK
- Biodiscovery Institute, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, UK
| | - Catherine John
- University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- University Hospitals of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Jing Chen
- University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Ian P Hall
- NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, UK.
- Biodiscovery Institute, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, UK.
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Qin ZM, Liang SQ, Long JX, Deng JM, Wei X, Yang ML, Tang SJ, Li HL. Importance of GWAS Risk Loci and Clinical Data in Predicting Asthma Using Machine-learning Approaches. Comb Chem High Throughput Screen 2024; 27:400-407. [PMID: 37278039 DOI: 10.2174/1386207326666230602161939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION To understand the risk factors of asthma, we combined genome-wide association study (GWAS) risk loci and clinical data in predicting asthma using machine-learning approaches. METHODS A case-control study with 123 asthmatics and 100 controls was conducted in the Zhuang population in Guangxi. GWAS risk loci were detected using polymerase chain reaction, and clinical data were collected. Machine-learning approaches were used to identify the major factors that contribute to asthma. RESULTS A total of 14 GWAS risk loci with clinical data were analyzed on the basis of 10 times the 10-fold cross-validation for all machine-learning models. Using GWAS risk loci or clinical data, the best performances exhibited area under the curve (AUC) values of 64.3% and 71.4%, respectively. Combining GWAS risk loci and clinical data, the XGBoost established the best model with an AUC of 79.7%, indicating that the combination of genetics and clinical data can enable improved performance. We then sorted the importance of features and found the top six risk factors for predicting asthma to be rs3117098, rs7775228, family history, rs2305480, rs4833095, and body mass index. CONCLUSION Asthma-prediction models based on GWAS risk loci and clinical data can accurately predict asthma, and thus provide insights into the disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zan-Mei Qin
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Si-Qiao Liang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Jian-Xiong Long
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Jing-Min Deng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Xuan Wei
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Mei-Ling Yang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Shao-Jie Tang
- School of Automation, Xi'an University of Posts and Telecommunications, Xi'an, Shanxi, 710121, China
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Advanced Controlling and Intelligent Processing (ACIP), Xi'an, Shanxi, 710121, China
| | - Hai-Li Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
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McGowan EC, Singh R, Katzka DA. Barrier Dysfunction in Eosinophilic Esophagitis. Curr Gastroenterol Rep 2023; 25:380-389. [PMID: 37950816 DOI: 10.1007/s11894-023-00904-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/13/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Compelling evidence over the past decade supports the central role of epithelial barrier dysfunction in the pathophysiology of eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE). The purpose of this review is to summarize the genetic, environmental, and immunologic factors driving epithelial barrier dysfunction, and how this impaired barrier can further promote the inflammatory response in EoE. RECENT FINDINGS Common environmental exposures, such as detergents, may have a direct impact on the esophageal epithelial barrier. In addition, the effects of IL-13 on barrier dysfunction may be reduced by 17β-estradiol, Vitamin D, and the short chain fatty acids butyrate and propionate, suggesting novel therapeutic targets. There are many genetic, environmental, and immunologic factors that contribute to epithelial barrier dysfunction in EoE. This leads to further skewing of the immune response to a "Th2" phenotype, alterations in the esophageal microbiome, and penetration of relevant antigens into the esophageal mucosa, which are central to the pathophysiology of EoE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily C McGowan
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, PO Box 801355, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA.
| | - Roopesh Singh
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, PO Box 801355, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - David A Katzka
- Division of Digestive and Liver Disease, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
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Xiao J, Chen X, Liu W, Qian W, Bulek K, Hong L, Miller-Little W, Li X, Liu C. TRAF4 is crucial for ST2+ memory Th2 cell expansion in IL-33-driven airway inflammation. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e169736. [PMID: 37607012 PMCID: PMC10561728 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.169736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 4 (TRAF4) is an important regulator of type 2 responses in the airway; however, the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms remain elusive. Herein, we generated T cell-specific TRAF4-deficient (CD4-cre Traf4fl/fl) mice and investigated the role of TRAF4 in memory Th2 cells expressing IL-33 receptor (ST2, suppression of tumorigenicity 2) (ST2+ mTh2 cells) in IL-33-mediated type 2 airway inflammation. We found that in vitro-polarized TRAF4-deficient (CD4-cre Traf4fl/fl) ST2+ mTh2 cells exhibited decreased IL-33-induced proliferation as compared with TRAF4-sufficient (Traf4fl/fl) cells. Moreover, CD4-cre Traf4fl/fl mice showed less ST2+ mTh2 cell proliferation and eosinophilic infiltration in the lungs than Traf4fl/fl mice in the preclinical models of IL-33-mediated type 2 airway inflammation. Mechanistically, we discovered that TRAF4 was required for the activation of AKT/mTOR and ERK1/2 signaling pathways as well as the expression of transcription factor Myc and nutrient transporters (Slc2a1, Slc7a1, and Slc7a5), signature genes involved in T cell growth and proliferation, in ST2+ mTh2 cells stimulated by IL-33. Taken together, the current study reveals a role of TRAF4 in ST2+ mTh2 cells in IL-33-mediated type 2 pulmonary inflammation, opening up avenues for the development of new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianxin Xiao
- Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Xing Chen
- Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Weiwei Liu
- Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Wen Qian
- Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Katarzyna Bulek
- Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Lingzi Hong
- Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - William Miller-Little
- Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program
- Department of Pathology, and
| | - Xiaoxia Li
- Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Caini Liu
- Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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Roberts J, Chevalier A, Hawerkamp HC, Yeow A, Matarazzo L, Schwartz C, Hams E, Fallon PG. Retinoic Acid-Related Orphan Receptor α Is Required for Generation of Th2 Cells in Type 2 Pulmonary Inflammation. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2023; 211:626-632. [PMID: 37387671 PMCID: PMC10404816 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2200896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
The transcription factor retinoic acid-related orphan receptor α (RORα) is important in regulating several physiological functions, such as cellular development, circadian rhythm, metabolism, and immunity. In two in vivo animal models of type 2 lung inflammation, Nippostrongylus brasiliensis infection and house dust mite (HDM) sensitization, we show a role for Rora in Th2 cellular development during pulmonary inflammation. N. brasiliensis infection and HDM challenge induced an increase in frequency of Rora-expressing GATA3+CD4 T cells in the lung. Using staggerer mice, which have a ubiquitous deletion of functional RORα, we generated bone marrow chimera mice, and we observed a delayed worm expulsion and reduced frequency in the expansion of Th2 cells and innate lymphoid type 2 cells (ILC2s) in the lungs after N. brasiliensis infection. ILC2-deficient mouse (Rorafl/flIl7raCre) also had delayed worm expulsion with associated reduced frequency of Th2 cells and ILC2s in the lungs after N. brasiliensis infection. To further define the role for Rora-expressing Th2 cells, we used a CD4-specific Rora-deficient mouse (Rorafl/flCD4Cre), with significantly reduced frequency of lung Th2 cells, but not ILC2, after N. brasiliensis infection and HDM challenge. Interestingly, despite the reduction in pulmonary Th2 cells in Rorafl/flCD4Cre mice, this did not impact the expulsion of N. brasiliensis after primary and secondary infection, or the generation of lung inflammation after HDM challenge. This study demonstrates a role for RORα in Th2 cellular development during pulmonary inflammation that could be relevant to the range of inflammatory diseases in which RORα is implicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Roberts
- School of Medicine, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Anne Chevalier
- School of Medicine, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Heike C. Hawerkamp
- School of Medicine, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Aoife Yeow
- School of Medicine, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Laura Matarazzo
- School of Medicine, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Christian Schwartz
- Mikrobiologisches Institut–Klinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen and Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Medical Immunology Campus Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Emily Hams
- School of Medicine, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Padraic G. Fallon
- School of Medicine, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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Ngo D, Pratte KA, Flexeder C, Petersen H, Dang H, Ma Y, Keyes MJ, Gao Y, Deng S, Peterson BD, Farrell LA, Bhambhani VM, Palacios C, Quadir J, Gillenwater L, Xu H, Emson C, Gieger C, Suhre K, Graumann J, Jain D, Conomos MP, Tracy RP, Guo X, Liu Y, Johnson WC, Cornell E, Durda P, Taylor KD, Papanicolaou GJ, Rich SS, Rotter JI, Rennard SI, Curtis JL, Woodruff PG, Comellas AP, Silverman EK, Crapo JD, Larson MG, Vasan RS, Wang TJ, Correa A, Sims M, Wilson JG, Gerszten RE, O’Connor GT, Barr RG, Couper D, Dupuis J, Manichaikul A, O’Neal WK, Tesfaigzi Y, Schulz H, Bowler RP. Systemic Markers of Lung Function and Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 Second Decline across Diverse Cohorts. Ann Am Thorac Soc 2023; 20:1124-1135. [PMID: 37351609 PMCID: PMC10405603 DOI: 10.1513/annalsats.202210-857oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a complex disease characterized by airway obstruction and accelerated lung function decline. Our understanding of systemic protein biomarkers associated with COPD remains incomplete. Objectives: To determine what proteins and pathways are associated with impaired pulmonary function in a diverse population. Methods: We studied 6,722 participants across six cohort studies with both aptamer-based proteomic and spirometry data (4,566 predominantly White participants in a discovery analysis and 2,156 African American cohort participants in a validation). In linear regression models, we examined protein associations with baseline forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) and FEV1/forced vital capacity (FVC). In linear mixed effects models, we investigated the associations of baseline protein levels with rate of FEV1 decline (ml/yr) in 2,777 participants with up to 7 years of follow-up spirometry. Results: We identified 254 proteins associated with FEV1 in our discovery analyses, with 80 proteins validated in the Jackson Heart Study. Novel validated protein associations include kallistatin serine protease inhibitor, growth differentiation factor 2, and tumor necrosis factor-like weak inducer of apoptosis (discovery β = 0.0561, Q = 4.05 × 10-10; β = 0.0421, Q = 1.12 × 10-3; and β = 0.0358, Q = 1.67 × 10-3, respectively). In longitudinal analyses within cohorts with follow-up spirometry, we identified 15 proteins associated with FEV1 decline (Q < 0.05), including elafin leukocyte elastase inhibitor and mucin-associated TFF2 (trefoil factor 2; β = -4.3 ml/yr, Q = 0.049; β = -6.1 ml/yr, Q = 0.032, respectively). Pathways and processes highlighted by our study include aberrant extracellular matrix remodeling, enhanced innate immune response, dysregulation of angiogenesis, and coagulation. Conclusions: In this study, we identify and validate novel biomarkers and pathways associated with lung function traits in a racially diverse population. In addition, we identify novel protein markers associated with FEV1 decline. Several protein findings are supported by previously reported genetic signals, highlighting the plausibility of certain biologic pathways. These novel proteins might represent markers for risk stratification, as well as novel molecular targets for treatment of COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debby Ngo
- Cardiovascular Research Institute
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, and
| | | | - Claudia Flexeder
- Institute of Epidemiology and
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center Munich (CPC-M) as member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
- Institute and Clinic for Occupational, Social, and Environmental Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Hans Petersen
- Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Hong Dang
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Yanlin Ma
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | | | - Yan Gao
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi; and
- Institute and Clinic for Occupational, Social, and Environmental Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Hanfei Xu
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Claire Emson
- Translational Science and Experimental Medicine, Research and Early Development, Respiratory and Immunology, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, Maryland
| | - Christian Gieger
- Institute of Epidemiology and
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München – German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Karsten Suhre
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine Qatar, Education City, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Deepti Jain
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Matthew P. Conomos
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Russell P. Tracy
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Xiuqing Guo
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA (University of California, Los Angeles) Medical Center, Torrance, California
| | - Yongmei Liu
- Division of Cardiology, Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - W. Craig Johnson
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Elaine Cornell
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Peter Durda
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Kent D. Taylor
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA (University of California, Los Angeles) Medical Center, Torrance, California
| | - George J. Papanicolaou
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Stephen S. Rich
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Jerome I. Rotter
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA (University of California, Los Angeles) Medical Center, Torrance, California
| | - Steven I. Rennard
- Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | | | - Prescott G. Woodruff
- Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | | | | | | | - Martin G. Larson
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute’s Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts
| | - Ramachandran S. Vasan
- The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute’s Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts
- Division of Preventive Medicine and
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Thomas J. Wang
- Department of Medicine, UT (University of Texas) Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Adolfo Correa
- Jackson Heart Study, Department of Medicine, and
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi; and
| | - Mario Sims
- Jackson Heart Study, Department of Medicine, and
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi; and
| | - James G. Wilson
- Cardiovascular Research Institute
- Jackson Heart Study, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Robert E. Gerszten
- Cardiovascular Research Institute
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - George T. O’Connor
- The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute’s Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts
- Pulmonary Center, Department of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - R. Graham Barr
- Department of Medicine and
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - David Couper
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Josée Dupuis
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ani Manichaikul
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Wanda K. O’Neal
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Yohannes Tesfaigzi
- Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Holger Schulz
- Institute of Epidemiology and
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center Munich (CPC-M) as member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
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Wenger M, Grosse-Kathoefer S, Kraiem A, Pelamatti E, Nunes N, Pointner L, Aglas L. When the allergy alarm bells toll: The role of Toll-like receptors in allergic diseases and treatment. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1204025. [PMID: 37426425 PMCID: PMC10325731 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1204025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptors of the human immune system are specialized pathogen detectors able to link innate and adaptive immune responses. TLR ligands include among others bacteria-, mycoplasma- or virus-derived compounds such as lipids, lipo- and glycoproteins and nucleic acids. Not only are genetic variations in TLR-related genes associated with the pathogenesis of allergic diseases, including asthma and allergic rhinitis, their expression also differs between allergic and non-allergic individuals. Due to a complex interplay of genes, environmental factors, and allergen sources the interpretation of TLRs involved in immunoglobulin E-mediated diseases remains challenging. Therefore, it is imperative to dissect the role of TLRs in allergies. In this review, we discuss i) the expression of TLRs in organs and cell types involved in the allergic immune response, ii) their involvement in modulating allergy-associated or -protective immune responses, and iii) how differential activation of TLRs by environmental factors, such as microbial, viral or air pollutant exposure, results in allergy development. However, we focus on iv) allergen sources interacting with TLRs, and v) how targeting TLRs could be employed in novel therapeutic strategies. Understanding the contributions of TLRs to allergy development allow the identification of knowledge gaps, provide guidance for ongoing research efforts, and built the foundation for future exploitation of TLRs in vaccine design.
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Zhou J, Li X, Gao X, Wei Y, Ye L, Liu S, Ye J, Qiu Y, Zheng X, Chen C, Wang J, Kraus VB, Lv Y, Mao C, Shi X. Leisure Activities, Genetic Risk, and Frailty: Evidence from the Chinese Adults Aged 80 Years or Older. Gerontology 2023; 69:961-971. [PMID: 37075711 PMCID: PMC10791136 DOI: 10.1159/000530665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION About half of adults aged ≥80 years suffer from frailty. Exercise is considered effective in preventing frailty but may be inapplicable to adults aged ≥80 years due to physical limitations. As an alternative, we aimed to explore the association of leisure activities with frailty and identify potential interaction with established polygenic risk score (PRS) among adults aged ≥80 years. METHODS Analyses were performed in a prospective cohort study of 7,471 community-living older adults aged ≥80 years who were recruited between 2002 and 2014 from 23 provinces in China. Leisure activity was assessed using a seven-question leisure activity index and frailty was defined as a frailty index ≥0.25 using a validated 39-item health-related scale. The PRS was constructed using 59 single-nucleotide polymorphisms associated with frailty in a subsample of 2,541 older adults. Cox proportional hazards models were used to explore the associations of leisure activities, PRS with frailty. RESULTS The mean age of participants was 89.4 ± 6.6 years (range: 80-116). In total, 2,930 cases of frailty were identified during 42,216 person-years of follow-up. Each 1 unit increase in the leisure activity index was associated with 12% lower risk of frailty (hazard ratio: 0.88 [95% confidence interval, 0.85-0.91]). Participants with high genetic risk (PRS >2.47 × 10-4) suffered from 26% higher risk of frailty. Interaction between leisure activity and genetic risk was not observed. CONCLUSION Evidence is presented for the independent association of leisure activities and genetic risk with frailty. Engagement in leisure activities is suggested to be associated with lower risk of frailty across all levels of genetic risk among adults aged ≥80 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhui Zhou
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Xinwei Li
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiang Gao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan Wei
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Lihong Ye
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Sixin Liu
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaming Ye
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yidan Qiu
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
- Department of Big Data in Health Science, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xulin Zheng
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
- Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chen Chen
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Wang
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Virginia Byers Kraus
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Yuebin Lv
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Mao
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoming Shi
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
- Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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IL-33 Induces an Antiviral Signature in Mast Cells but Enhances Their Permissiveness for Human Rhinovirus Infection. Viruses 2022; 14:v14112430. [PMID: 36366528 PMCID: PMC9699625 DOI: 10.3390/v14112430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Mast cells (MCs) are classically associated with allergic asthma but their role in antiviral immunity is unclear. Human rhinoviruses (HRVs) are a major cause of asthma exacerbations and can infect and replicate within MCs. The primary site of HRV infection is the airway epithelium and MCs localise to this site with increasing asthma severity. The asthma susceptibility gene, IL-33, encodes an epithelial-derived cytokine released following HRV infection but its impact on MC antiviral responses has yet to be determined. In this study we investigated the global response of LAD2 MCs to IL-33 stimulation using RNA sequencing and identified genes involved in antiviral immunity. In spite of this, IL-33 treatment increased permissiveness of MCs to HRV16 infection which, from the RNA-Seq data, we attributed to upregulation of ICAM1. Flow cytometric analysis confirmed an IL-33-dependent increase in ICAM1 surface expression as well as LDLR, the receptors used by major and minor group HRVs for cellular entry. Neutralisation of ICAM1 reduced the IL-33-dependent enhancement in HRV16 replication and release in both LAD2 MCs and cord blood derived MCs. These findings demonstrate that although IL-33 induces an antiviral signature in MCs, it also upregulates the receptors for HRV entry to enhance infection. This highlights the potential for a gene-environment interaction involving IL33 and HRV in MCs to contribute to virus-induced asthma exacerbations.
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10
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Maggi E, Parronchi P, Azzarone BG, Moretta L. A pathogenic integrated view explaining the different endotypes of asthma and allergic disorders. Allergy 2022; 77:3267-3292. [PMID: 35842745 DOI: 10.1111/all.15445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The inflammation of allergic diseases is characterized by a complex interaction between type 2 and type 3 immune responses, explaining clinical symptoms and histopathological patterns. Airborne stimuli activate the mucosal epithelium to release a number of molecules impacting the activity of resident immune and environmental cells. Signals from the mucosal barrier, regulatory cells, and the inflamed tissue are crucial conditions able to modify innate and adaptive effector cells providing the selective homing of eosinophils or neutrophils. The high plasticity of resident T- and innate lymphoid cells responding to external signals is the prerequisite to explain the multiplicity of endotypes of allergic diseases. This notion paved the way for the huge use of specific biologic drugs interfering with pathogenic mechanisms of inflammation. Based on the response of the epithelial barrier, the activity of resident regulatory cells, and functions of structural non-lymphoid environmental cells, this review proposes some immunopathogenic scenarios characterizing the principal endotypes which can be associated with a precise phenotype of asthma. Recent literature indicates that similar concepts can also be applied to the inflammation of other non-respiratory allergic disorders. The next challenges will consist in defining specific biomarker(s) of each endotype allowing for a quick diagnosis and the most effective personalized therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Maggi
- Department of Immunology, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Parronchi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Lorenzo Moretta
- Department of Immunology, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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11
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RORA polymorphisms are risk factors for allergic rhinitis susceptibility in the Shaanxi Han population. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 108:108874. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.108874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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12
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Matarazzo L, Hernandez Santana YE, Walsh PT, Fallon PG. The IL-1 cytokine family as custodians of barrier immunity. Cytokine 2022; 154:155890. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2022.155890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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13
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Choi BY, Han M, Kwak JW, Kim TH. Genetics and Epigenetics in Allergic Rhinitis. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12122004. [PMID: 34946955 PMCID: PMC8700872 DOI: 10.3390/genes12122004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of allergic rhinitis is associated with genetic, environmental, and epigenetic factors. Genotyping of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) is an advanced technique in the field of molecular genetics that is closely correlated with genome-wide association studies (GWASs) in large population groups with allergic diseases. Many recent studies have paid attention to the role of epigenetics, including alteration of DNA methylation, histone acetylation, and miRNA levels in the pathogenesis of allergic rhinitis. In this review article, genetics and epigenetics of allergic rhinitis, including information regarding functions and significance of previously known and newly-discovered genes, are summarized. Directions for future genetic and epigenetic studies of allergic rhinitis are also proposed.
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14
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Pilot Study of Anti-Th2 Immunotherapy for the Treatment of Breast Cancer-Related Upper Extremity Lymphedema. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10090934. [PMID: 34571811 PMCID: PMC8466465 DOI: 10.3390/biology10090934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies suggest that Th2 cells play a key role in the pathology of secondary lymphedema by elaborating cytokines such as IL4 and IL13. The aim of this study was to test the efficacy of QBX258, a monoclonal IL4/IL13 neutralizing antibody, in women with breast cancer-related lymphedema (BCRL). We enrolled nine women with unilateral stage I/II BCRL and treated them once monthly with intravenous infusions of QBX258 for 4 months. We measured limb volumes, bioimpedance, and skin tonometry, and analyzed the quality of life (QOL) using a validated lymphedema questionnaire (Upper Limb Lymphedema 27, ULL-27) before treatment, immediately after treatment, and 4 months following treatment withdrawal. We also obtained 5 mm skin biopsies from the normal and lymphedematous limbs before and after treatment. Treatment was well-tolerated; however, one patient with a history of cellulitis developed cellulitis during the trial and was excluded from further analysis. We found no differences in limb volumes or bioimpedance measurements after drug treatment. However, QBX258 treatment improved skin stiffness (p < 0.001) and improved QOL measurements (Physical p < 0.05, Social p = 0.01). These improvements returned to baseline after treatment withdrawal. Histologically, treatment decreased epidermal thickness, the number of proliferating keratinocytes, type III collagen deposition, infiltration of mast cells, and the expression of Th2-inducing cytokines in the lymphedematous skin. Our limited study suggests that immunotherapy against Th2 cytokines may improve skin changes and QOL of women with BCRL. This treatment appears to be less effective for decreasing limb volumes; however, additional studies are needed.
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15
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Elyassi Gorji N, Nasiri P, Malekzadeh Shafaroudi A, Moosazadeh M. Comparison of dental caries (DMFT and DMFS indices) between asthmatic patients and control group in Iran: a meta-analysis. Asthma Res Pract 2021; 7:2. [PMID: 33541418 PMCID: PMC7863474 DOI: 10.1186/s40733-021-00068-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The association between caries index, which is diagnosed by Decayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth (DMFT), and asthma has been assessed in several studies, which yielded contradictory results. Meta-analysis is the statistical procedure for combining data from multiple studies and reducing the differences among parameters due to the increased number of studies involved in the analysis process. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine the relationship between dental caries using decayed, missing, filled teeth indices (DMFT, dmft, and DMFS indices) and asthma using meta-analysis. Methods Databases were searched using such keywords as “Asthma,” “Caries,” “DMFT,” “DMFS,” “Iran,” and OR operators, AND, and NOT. After the elimination of duplicate documentation, the articles which met the inclusion criteria were selected. Quality assessment was performed based on the Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Checklist (NOS). After that, standardized mean difference (SMD) of DMFT, dmft, and Decayed, Missing, and Filled Surfaces (DMFS) indices were estimated. Results The number of 10 evidence was extracted out of nine studies in which mean oral health indices were compared between asthmatic patients and the control group. Out of 10 evidences that examined the association of DMFT, dmft, and DMFS with asthma, these indices were higher in asthmatic patients than the control group in seven cases. In three cases, these differences were statistically significant. The SMD of DMFT, dmft, and DMFS indices between asthmatic patients and the control group at the confidence level of 95% were reported as 0.29 (− 0.05, 0.62), 0.48 (− 0.20, 1.17), and − 0.05(− 0.30, 0.21), respectively. Conclusion According to the results, the prevalence of dental caries is higher among patients with asthma than in the control group. Therefore, having asthma could be considered a risk factor for the development of dental caries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Elyassi Gorji
- Dentistry Student, Student Research Committee, Faculty of Dentistry, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Pegah Nasiri
- Dentistry Student, Student Research Committee, Faculty of Dentistry, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Ali Malekzadeh Shafaroudi
- Dentistry Student, Student Research Committee, Faculty of Dentistry, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Mahmood Moosazadeh
- Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Center, Non-communicable Diseases Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran. .,Health Science Research Center, Addiction Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
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16
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Tiwari D, Gupta P. Nuclear Receptors in Asthma: Empowering Classical Molecules Against a Contemporary Ailment. Front Immunol 2021; 11:594433. [PMID: 33574813 PMCID: PMC7870687 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.594433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The escalation in living standards and adoption of 'Western lifestyle' has an allied effect on the increased allergy and asthma burden in both developed and developing countries. Current scientific reports bespeak an association between allergic diseases and metabolic dysfunction; hinting toward the critical requirement of organized lifestyle and dietary habits. The ubiquitous nuclear receptors (NRs) translate metabolic stimuli into gene regulatory signals, integrating diet inflences to overall developmental and physiological processes. As a consequence of such promising attributes, nuclear receptors have historically been at the cutting edge of pharmacy world. This review discusses the recent findings that feature the cardinal importance of nuclear receptors and how they can be instrumental in modulating current asthma pharmacology. Further, it highlights a possible future employment of therapy involving dietary supplements and synthetic ligands that would engage NRs and aid in eliminating both asthma and linked comorbidities. Therefore, uncovering new and evolving roles through analysis of genomic changes would represent a feasible approach in both prevention and alleviation of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pawan Gupta
- Department of Molecular Biology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India
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17
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Boberg E, Johansson K, Malmhäll C, Calvén J, Weidner J, Rådinger M. Interplay Between the IL-33/ST2 Axis and Bone Marrow ILC2s in Protease Allergen-Induced IL-5-Dependent Eosinophilia. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1058. [PMID: 32582171 PMCID: PMC7280539 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Eosinophils develop from CD34+ progenitor cells in the bone marrow under the influence of interleukin (IL)-5. Several cell types produce IL-5, including type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s). The alarmin cytokine IL-33 is known to activate ILC2s in mucosal tissues, but little is known about IL-33-responsive ILC2s in the bone marrow in allergen-induced airway inflammation. Methods: Wild type (WT) and Rag1 deficient (Rag1−/−) mice, which lack mature T and B cells, received intranasal doses of papain to induce acute allergic inflammation. In some experiments, mice were pre-treated with anti-IL-5 prior to the papain challenge. Furthermore, recombinant IL-33 was administered to WT mice, Rag1−/− mice, lymphocyte deficient mice (Rag2−/−Il2rg−/−) and to ex vivo whole bone marrow cultures. Bone marrow eosinophils and ILC2s were analyzed by flow cytometry. Eosinophil count was assessed by differential cell count and secreted IL-5 from bone marrow cells by ELISA. Results: Intranasal administration of papain or IL-33 increased the number of mature eosinophils in the bone marrow despite the absence of adaptive immune cells in Rag1−/− mice. In parallel, an increased number of eosinophils was observed in the airways together with elevated levels of Eotaxin-2/CCL24. Bone marrow ILC2s were increased after papain or IL-33 administration, whereas ILC2s was found to be increased at baseline in Rag1−/− mice compared to WT mice. An upregulation of the IL-33 receptor (ST2) expression on bone marrow ILC2s was observed after papain challenge in both Rag1−/− and WT mice which correlated to increased number of bone marrow eosinophilia. Furthermore, an increased number of ST2+ mature eosinophils in the bone marrow was observed after papain challenge, which was further dependent on IL-5. In addition, bone marrow-derived ILC2s from both mouse strains produced large amounts of IL-5 ex vivo after IL-33 stimulation of whole bone marrow cultures. In contrast, IL-33-induced bone marrow and airway eosinophilia were abolished in the absence of ILC2s in Rag2−/−Il2rg−/− mice and no production of IL-5 was detected in IL-33-stimulated bone marrow cultures. Conclusion: These findings establish bone marrow ILC2s and the IL-33/ST2 axis as promising targets for modulation of uncontrolled IL-5-dependent eosinophilic diseases including asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Boberg
- Krefting Research Centre, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Kristina Johansson
- Krefting Research Centre, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Carina Malmhäll
- Krefting Research Centre, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jenny Calvén
- Krefting Research Centre, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Julie Weidner
- Krefting Research Centre, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Madeleine Rådinger
- Krefting Research Centre, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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18
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Portelli MA, Dijk FN, Ketelaar ME, Shrine N, Hankinson J, Bhaker S, Grotenboer NS, Obeidat M, Henry AP, Billington CK, Shaw D, Johnson SR, Pogson ZE, Fogarty A, McKeever TM, Nickle DC, Bossé Y, van den Berge M, Faiz A, Brouwer S, Vonk JM, de Vos P, Brandsma CA, Vermeulen CJ, Singapuri A, Heaney LG, Mansur AH, Chaudhuri R, Thomson NC, Holloway JW, Lockett GA, Howarth PH, Niven R, Simpson A, Blakey JD, Tobin MD, Postma DS, Hall IP, Wain LV, Nawijn MC, Brightling CE, Koppelman GH, Sayers I. Phenotypic and functional translation of IL1RL1 locus polymorphisms in lung tissue and asthmatic airway epithelium. JCI Insight 2020; 5:132446. [PMID: 32324168 PMCID: PMC7205441 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.132446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The IL1RL1 (ST2) gene locus is robustly associated with asthma; however, the contribution of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in this locus to specific asthma subtypes and the functional mechanisms underlying these associations remain to be defined. We tested for association between IL1RL1 region SNPs and characteristics of asthma as defined by clinical and immunological measures and addressed functional effects of these genetic variants in lung tissue and airway epithelium. Utilizing 4 independent cohorts (Lifelines, Dutch Asthma GWAS [DAG], Genetics of Asthma Severity and Phenotypes [GASP], and Manchester Asthma and Allergy Study [MAAS]) and resequencing data, we identified 3 key signals associated with asthma features. Investigations in lung tissue and primary bronchial epithelial cells identified context-dependent relationships between the signals and IL1RL1 mRNA and soluble protein expression. This was also observed for asthma-associated IL1RL1 nonsynonymous coding TIR domain SNPs. Bronchial epithelial cell cultures from asthma patients, exposed to exacerbation-relevant stimulations, revealed modulatory effects for all 4 signals on IL1RL1 mRNA and/or protein expression, suggesting SNP-environment interactions. The IL1RL1 TIR signaling domain haplotype affected IL-33–driven NF-κB signaling, while not interfering with TLR signaling. In summary, we identify that IL1RL1 genetic signals potentially contribute to severe and eosinophilic phenotypes in asthma, as well as provide initial mechanistic insight, including genetic regulation of IL1RL1 isoform expression and receptor signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Portelli
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, NIHR, Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - F Nicole Dijk
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology and Pediatric Allergology, and
| | - Maria E Ketelaar
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, NIHR, Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom.,Department of Pediatric Pulmonology and Pediatric Allergology, and.,Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Beatrix Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Nick Shrine
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Jenny Hankinson
- Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Sangita Bhaker
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, NIHR, Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Néomi S Grotenboer
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology and Pediatric Allergology, and.,Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Beatrix Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Ma'en Obeidat
- The University of British Columbia Center for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital Vancouver, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Amanda P Henry
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, NIHR, Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Charlotte K Billington
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, NIHR, Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Dominick Shaw
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, NIHR, Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Simon R Johnson
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, NIHR, Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Zara Ek Pogson
- Division of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Fogarty
- Division of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Tricia M McKeever
- Division of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - David C Nickle
- Departments of Genetics and Pharmacogenomics, Merck Research Laboratories, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yohan Bossé
- Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Department of Molecular Medicine, Laval University, Québec, Canada
| | - Maarten van den Berge
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, Department of Pulmonary Diseases, and
| | - Alen Faiz
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, Department of Pulmonary Diseases, and
| | - Sharon Brouwer
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Beatrix Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Judith M Vonk
- Department of Epidemiology, Beatrix Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Paul de Vos
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Beatrix Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Corry-Anke Brandsma
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Beatrix Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Cornelis J Vermeulen
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Beatrix Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Amisha Singapuri
- Respiratory sciences, University of Leicester, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Liam G Heaney
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, Queens University of Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Adel H Mansur
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Birmingham Heartlands Hospital and University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Rekha Chaudhuri
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Neil C Thomson
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - John W Holloway
- Department of Human Development and.,Department of Health & Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and NIH Research (NIHR), Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Gabrielle A Lockett
- Department of Human Development and.,Department of Health & Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and NIH Research (NIHR), Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Peter H Howarth
- Department of Human Development and.,Department of Health & Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and NIH Research (NIHR), Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Niven
- Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Angela Simpson
- Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - John D Blakey
- Respiratory Medicine, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, Australia
| | - Martin D Tobin
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom.,NIHR, Leicester Respiratory Biomedical Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Dirkje S Postma
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, Department of Pulmonary Diseases, and
| | - Ian P Hall
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, NIHR, Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Louise V Wain
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom.,NIHR, Leicester Respiratory Biomedical Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Martijn C Nawijn
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Beatrix Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Christopher E Brightling
- Respiratory sciences, University of Leicester, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, United Kingdom.,NIHR, Leicester Respiratory Biomedical Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | | | - Ian Sayers
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, NIHR, Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
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19
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Genetic profiling for disease stratification in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma. Curr Opin Pulm Med 2020; 25:317-322. [PMID: 30762612 DOI: 10.1097/mcp.0000000000000568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW In asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), the movement towards genetic profiling with a push towards 'personalized medicine' has been hindered by complex environment--gene interactions and lack of tools to identify clear causal genetic traits. In this review, we will discuss the need for genetic profiling in asthma and COPD, what methods are currently used in the clinics and the recent finding using new sequencing methods. RECENT FINDINGS Over the past 10-15 years, genome-wide association studies analysis of common variants has provide little in the way of new genetic profiling markers for asthma and COPD. Whole exome/genome sequencing has provided a new method to identify lowly abundant alleles, which might have a much higher impact. Although, low population numbers due to high costs has hindered early studies, recent studies have reached genome wide significance. SUMMARY The use of genetic profiling of COPD in the clinic is current limited to the identification of Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency, while being absent in asthma. Advances in sequencing technology provide new avenues to identify disease causes or therapy response altering variants that in the short-term will allow for the development of screening procedures for disease to identify patients at risk of developing asthma or COPD.
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20
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Abstract
Circadian rhythms are daily cycles in biological function that are ubiquitous in nature. Understood as a means for organisms to anticipate daily environmental changes, circadian rhythms are also important for orchestrating complex biological processes such as immunity. Nowhere is this more evident than in the respiratory system, where circadian rhythms in inflammatory lung disease have been appreciated since ancient times. In this focused review we examine how emerging research on circadian rhythms is being applied to the study of fundamental lung biology and respiratory disease. We begin with a general introduction to circadian rhythms and the molecular circadian clock that underpins them. We then focus on emerging data tying circadian clock function to immunologic activities within the respiratory system. We conclude by considering outstanding questions about biological timing in the lung and how a better command of chronobiology could inform our understanding of complex lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Nosal
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA;
| | - Anna Ehlers
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA;
| | - Jeffrey A Haspel
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA;
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21
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Amo G, Martí M, García-Menaya JM, Cordobés C, Cornejo-García JA, Blanca-López N, Canto G, Doña I, Blanca M, Torres MJ, Agúndez JAG, García-Martín E. Identification of Novel Biomarkers for Drug Hypersensitivity After Sequencing of the Promoter Area in 16 Genes of the Vitamin D Pathway and the High-Affinity IgE Receptor. Front Genet 2019; 10:582. [PMID: 31293618 PMCID: PMC6603231 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of allergic diseases and drug hypersensitivity reactions (DHRs) during recent years is increasing. Both, allergic diseases and DHRs seem to be related to an interplay between environmental factors and genetic susceptibility. In recent years, a large effort in the elucidation of the genetic mechanisms involved in these disorders has been made, mostly based on case-control studies, and typically focusing on isolated SNPs. These studies provide a limited amount of information, which now can be greatly expanded by the complete coverage that Next Generation Sequencing techniques offer. In this study, we analyzed the promoters of sixteen genes related to the Vitamin D pathway and the high-affinity IgE receptor, including FCER1A, MS4A2, FCER1G, VDR, GC, CYP2R1, CYP27A1, CYP27B1, CYP24A1, RXRA, RXRB, RXRG, IL4, IL4R, IL13, and IL13RA1. The study group was composed of patients with allergic rhinitis plus asthma (AR+A), patients with hypersensitivity to beta-lactams (BLs), to NSAIDs including selective hypersensitivity (SH) and cross-reactivity (CR), and healthy controls without antecedents of atopy or adverse drug reactions. We identified 148 gene variations, 43 of which were novel. Multinomial analyses revealed that three SNPs corresponding to the genes FCER1G (rs36233990 and rs2070901), and GC (rs3733359), displayed significant associations and, therefore, were selected for a combined dataset study in a cohort of 2,476 individuals. The strongest association was found with the promoter FCER1G rs36233990 SNP that alters a transcription factor binding site. This SNP was over-represented among AR+A patients and among patients with IgE-mediated diseases, as compared with control individuals or with the rest of patients in this study. Classification models based on the above-mentioned SNPs were able to predict correct clinical group allocations in patients with DHRs, and patients with IgE-mediated DHRs. Our findings reveal gene promoter SNPs that are significant predictors of drug hypersensitivity, thus reinforcing the hypothesis of a genetic predisposition for these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Amo
- University Institute of Molecular Pathology Biomarkers, UEx, Cáceres, Spain.,ARADyAL Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Manuel Martí
- University Institute of Molecular Pathology Biomarkers, UEx, Cáceres, Spain.,ARADyAL Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Jesús M García-Menaya
- Allergy Service, Badajoz University Hospital, Badajoz, Spain.,ARADyAL Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Badajoz, Spain
| | - Concepción Cordobés
- Allergy Service, Mérida Hospital, Badajoz, Spain.,ARADyAL Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Cáceres, Spain
| | - José A Cornejo-García
- Research Laboratory, IBIMA, Regional University Hospital of Málaga, UMA, Málaga, Spain.,ARADyAL Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Natalia Blanca-López
- Allergy Service, Infanta Leonor University Hospital, Madrid, Spain.,ARADyAL Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gabriela Canto
- Allergy Service, Infanta Leonor University Hospital, Madrid, Spain.,ARADyAL Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Doña
- Allergy Unit, IBIMA, Regional University Hospital of Málaga, UMA, Málaga, Spain.,ARADyAL Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Málaga, Spain
| | - Miguel Blanca
- Allergy Service, Infanta Leonor University Hospital, Madrid, Spain.,ARADyAL Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - María José Torres
- Allergy Unit, IBIMA, Regional University Hospital of Málaga, UMA, Málaga, Spain.,ARADyAL Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Málaga, Spain
| | - José A G Agúndez
- University Institute of Molecular Pathology Biomarkers, UEx, Cáceres, Spain.,ARADyAL Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Elena García-Martín
- University Institute of Molecular Pathology Biomarkers, UEx, Cáceres, Spain.,ARADyAL Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Cáceres, Spain
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22
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Willis-Owen SAG, Cookson WOC, Moffatt MF. The Genetics and Genomics of Asthma. Annu Rev Genomics Hum Genet 2019; 19:223-246. [PMID: 30169121 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-genom-083117-021651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Asthma is a common, clinically heterogeneous disease with strong evidence of heritability. Progress in defining the genetic underpinnings of asthma, however, has been slow and hampered by issues of inconsistency. Recent advances in the tools available for analysis-assaying transcription, sequence variation, and epigenetic marks on a genome-wide scale-have substantially altered this landscape. Applications of such approaches are consistent with heterogeneity at the level of causation and specify patterns of commonality with a wide range of alternative disease traits. Looking beyond the individual as the unit of study, advances in technology have also fostered comprehensive analysis of the human microbiome and its varied roles in health and disease. In this article, we consider the implications of these technological advances for our current understanding of the genetics and genomics of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saffron A G Willis-Owen
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom; , ,
| | - William O C Cookson
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom; , ,
| | - Miriam F Moffatt
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom; , ,
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23
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Garden FL, Toelle BG, Mihrshahi S, Webb KL, Almqvist C, Tovey ER, Brew BK, Ayer JG, Skilton MR, Jones G, Ferreira MAR, Cowie CT, Weber-Chrysochoou C, Britton WJ, Celermajer DS, Leeder SR, Peat JK, Marks GB. Cohort profile: The Childhood Asthma Prevention Study (CAPS). Int J Epidemiol 2019; 47:1736-1736k. [PMID: 29800224 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyy078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Frances L Garden
- South Western Sydney Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Brett G Toelle
- Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Seema Mihrshahi
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Karen L Webb
- Nutrition Policy Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Catarina Almqvist
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Pediatric Allergy and Pulmonology Unit at Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Euan R Tovey
- Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Bronwyn K Brew
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Julian G Ayer
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Heart Centre for Children, Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Michael R Skilton
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Boden Institute of Obesity, Nutrition, Exercise and Eating Disorders, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Graham Jones
- School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Christine T Cowie
- South Western Sydney Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Warwick J Britton
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Mycobacterial Research Program, Centenary Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - David S Celermajer
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Department of Cardiology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Stephen R Leeder
- Menzies Centre for Health Policy, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jennifer K Peat
- Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Guy B Marks
- South Western Sydney Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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24
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Gabryelska A, Kuna P, Antczak A, Białasiewicz P, Panek M. IL-33 Mediated Inflammation in Chronic Respiratory Diseases-Understanding the Role of the Member of IL-1 Superfamily. Front Immunol 2019; 10:692. [PMID: 31057533 PMCID: PMC6477074 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin 33 (IL-33) is an alarmin cytokine from the IL-1 family. IL-33 is localized in the nucleus and acts there as a gene regulator. Following injury, stress or cell death, it is released from the nucleus, and exerts its pro-inflammatory biological functions via the transmembrane form of the ST2 receptor, which is present mainly as attached to immune cells. In recent years, IL-33 became a focus of many studies due to its possible role in inflammatory disorders. Among respiratory disorders, the contribution of IL-33 to the development of asthma, in particular, has been most identified. Increased level of IL-33 in lung epithelial cells and blood serum has been observed in asthma patients. The IL-33/ST2 interaction activated the Th2 mediated immune response and further production of many pro-inflammatory cytokines. Single nucleotide polymorphisms in the IL-33 gene cause a predisposition to the development of asthma. Similarly, in chronic pulmonary obstructive disease (COPD), both increased expression of IL-33 and the ST2 receptor has been observed. Interestingly, cigarette smoke, a key inducer of COPD, not only activates IL-33 production by epithelial and endothelial cells, but also induces the expression of IL-33 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Knowledge regarding its contribution in other respiratory disorders, such as obstructive sleep apnea, remains greatly limited. Recently it was shown that IL-33 is one of the inflammatory mediators by which levels in blood serum are increased in OSA patients, compared to healthy control patients. This mini review summarizes current knowledge on IL-33 involvement in chosen chronic respiratory disorders and proposes this interleukin as a possible link in the pathogenesis of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Gabryelska
- Department of Sleep Medicine and Metabolic Disorders, Medical University of Lodz, Łódz, Poland.,Department of Internal Medicine, Asthma and Allergy, Medical University of Lodz, Łódz, Poland
| | - Piotr Kuna
- Department of Internal Medicine, Asthma and Allergy, Medical University of Lodz, Łódz, Poland
| | - Adam Antczak
- Department of General and Oncological Pulmonology, Medical University of Lodz, Łódz, Poland
| | - Piotr Białasiewicz
- Department of Sleep Medicine and Metabolic Disorders, Medical University of Lodz, Łódz, Poland
| | - Michał Panek
- Department of Internal Medicine, Asthma and Allergy, Medical University of Lodz, Łódz, Poland
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25
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Reconstructing recent population history while mapping rare variants using haplotypes. Sci Rep 2019; 9:5849. [PMID: 30971755 PMCID: PMC6458133 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-42385-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Haplotype-based methods are a cost-effective alternative to characterize unobserved rare variants and map disease-associated alleles. Moreover, they can be used to reconstruct recent population history, which shaped distribution of rare variants and thus can be used to guide gene mapping studies. In this study, we analysed Illumina 650 k genotyped dataset on three underrepresented populations from Eastern Europe, where ancestors of Russians came into contact with two indigenous ethnic groups, Bashkirs and Tatars. Using the IBD mapping approach, we identified two rare IBD haplotypes strongly enriched in asthma patients of distinct ethnic background. We reconstructed recent population history using haplotype-based methods to reconcile this contradictory finding. Our ChromoPainter analysis showed that these haplotypes each descend from a single ancestor coming from one of the ethnic groups studied. Next, we used DoRIS approach and showed that source populations for patients exchanged recent (<60 generations) asymmetric gene flow, which supported the ChromoPainter-based scenario that patients share haplotypes through inter-ethnic admixture. Finally, we show that these IBD haplotypes overlap with asthma-associated genomic regions ascertained in European population. This finding is consistent with the fact that the two donor populations for the rare IBD haplotypes: Russians and Tatars have European ancestry.
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26
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Roan F, Obata-Ninomiya K, Ziegler SF. Epithelial cell-derived cytokines: more than just signaling the alarm. J Clin Invest 2019; 129:1441-1451. [PMID: 30932910 DOI: 10.1172/jci124606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 266] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The epithelial cell-derived cytokines thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), IL-33, and IL-25 are central regulators of type 2 immunity, which drives a broad array of allergic responses. Often characterized as "alarmins" that are released by the barrier epithelium in response to external insults, these epithelial cell-derived cytokines were initially thought to act only early in allergic inflammation. Indeed, TSLP can condition dendritic cells to initiate type 2 responses, and IL-33 may influence susceptibility to asthma through its role in establishing the immune environment in the perinatal lungs. However, TSLP, IL-33, and IL-25 all regulate a broad spectrum of innate immune cell populations and are particularly potent in eliciting and activating type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) that may act throughout allergic inflammation. Recent data suggest that a TSLP/ILC axis may mediate steroid resistance in asthma. Recent identification of memory Th2 cell subsets that are characterized by high receptor expression for TSLP, IL-33, and IL-25 further supports a role for these cytokines in allergic exacerbations. There is therefore growing interest in developing biologics that target TSLP, IL-33, and IL-25. This Review provides an overview of TSLP, IL-33, and IL-25 and the development of blocking antibodies that target these epithelial cell-derived cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florence Roan
- Immunology Program, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases and
| | | | - Steven F Ziegler
- Immunology Program, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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27
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Genomic mutations in telomere-related genes have been recognized as a cause of familial forms of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). However, it has become increasingly clear that telomere syndromes and telomere shortening are associated with various types of pulmonary disease. Additionally, it was found that also single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in telomere-related genes are risk factors for the development of pulmonary disease. This review focuses on recent updates on pulmonary phenotypes associated with genetic variation in telomere-related genes. RECENT FINDINGS Genomic mutations in seven telomere-related genes cause pulmonary disease. Pulmonary phenotypes associated with these mutations range from many forms of pulmonary fibrosis to emphysema and pulmonary vascular disease. Telomere-related mutations account for up to 10% of sporadic IPF, 25% of familial IPF, 10% of connective-tissue disease-associated interstitial lung disease, and 1% of COPD. Mixed disease forms have also been found. Furthermore, SNPs in TERT, TERC, OBFC1, and RTEL1, as well as short telomere length, have been associated with several pulmonary diseases. Treatment of pulmonary disease caused by telomere-related gene variation is currently based on disease diagnosis and not on the underlying cause. SUMMARY Pulmonary phenotypes found in carriers of telomere-related gene mutations and SNPs are primarily pulmonary fibrosis, sometimes emphysema and rarely pulmonary vascular disease. Genotype-phenotype relations are weak, suggesting that environmental factors and genetic background of patients determine disease phenotypes to a large degree. A disease model is presented wherever genomic variation in telomere-related genes cause specific pulmonary disease phenotypes whenever triggered by environmental exposure, comorbidity, or unknown factors.
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28
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Halova I, Rönnberg E, Draberova L, Vliagoftis H, Nilsson GP, Draber P. Changing the threshold-Signals and mechanisms of mast cell priming. Immunol Rev 2019; 282:73-86. [PMID: 29431203 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Mast cells play a key role in allergy and other inflammatory diseases involving engagement of multivalent antigen with IgE bound to high-affinity IgE receptors (FcεRIs). Aggregation of FcεRIs on mast cells initiates a cascade of signaling events that eventually lead to degranulation, secretion of leukotrienes and prostaglandins, and cytokine and chemokine production contributing to the inflammatory response. Exposure to pro-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, bacterial and viral products, as well as some other biological products and drugs, induces mast cell transition from the basal state into a primed one, which leads to enhanced response to IgE-antigen complexes. Mast cell priming changes the threshold for antigen-mediated activation by various mechanisms, depending on the priming agent used, which alone usually do not induce mast cell degranulation. In this review, we describe the priming processes induced in mast cells by various cytokines (stem cell factor, interleukins-4, -6 and -33), chemokines, other agents acting through G protein-coupled receptors (adenosine, prostaglandin E2 , sphingosine-1-phosphate, and β-2-adrenergic receptor agonists), toll-like receptors, and various drugs affecting the cytoskeleton. We will review the current knowledge about the molecular mechanisms behind priming of mast cells leading to degranulation and cytokine production and discuss the biological effects of mast cell priming induced by several cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Halova
- Department of Signal Transduction, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Elin Rönnberg
- Immunology and Allergy Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet and Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lubica Draberova
- Department of Signal Transduction, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Harissios Vliagoftis
- Immunology and Allergy Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet and Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Alberta Respiratory Center and Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Gunnar P Nilsson
- Immunology and Allergy Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet and Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Petr Draber
- Department of Signal Transduction, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
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29
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Kim KW, Ober C. Lessons Learned From GWAS of Asthma. ALLERGY, ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY RESEARCH 2019; 11:170-187. [PMID: 30661310 PMCID: PMC6340805 DOI: 10.4168/aair.2019.11.2.170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Asthma is a common complex disease of the airways. Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) of asthma have identified many risk alleles and loci that have been replicated in worldwide populations. Although the risk alleles identified by GWAS have small effects and explain only a small portion of prevalence, the discovery of asthma loci can provide an understanding of its genetic architecture and the molecular pathways involved in disease pathogenesis. These discoveries can translate into advances in clinical care by identifying therapeutic targets, preventive strategies and ultimately approaches for personalized medicine. In this review, we summarize results from GWAS of asthma from the past 10 years and the insights gleaned from these discoveries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Won Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Severance Hospital, Institute of Allergy, Brain Korea 21 PLUS project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Carole Ober
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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30
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Shrine N, Portelli MA, John C, Soler Artigas M, Bennett N, Hall R, Lewis J, Henry AP, Billington CK, Ahmad A, Packer RJ, Shaw D, Pogson ZEK, Fogarty A, McKeever TM, Singapuri A, Heaney LG, Mansur AH, Chaudhuri R, Thomson NC, Holloway JW, Lockett GA, Howarth PH, Djukanovic R, Hankinson J, Niven R, Simpson A, Chung KF, Sterk PJ, Blakey JD, Adcock IM, Hu S, Guo Y, Obeidat M, Sin DD, van den Berge M, Nickle DC, Bossé Y, Tobin MD, Hall IP, Brightling CE, Wain LV, Sayers I. Moderate-to-severe asthma in individuals of European ancestry: a genome-wide association study. THE LANCET. RESPIRATORY MEDICINE 2019; 7:20-34. [PMID: 30552067 PMCID: PMC6314966 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-2600(18)30389-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few genetic studies that focus on moderate-to-severe asthma exist. We aimed to identity novel genetic variants associated with moderate-to-severe asthma, see whether previously identified genetic variants for all types of asthma contribute to moderate-to-severe asthma, and provide novel mechanistic insights using expression analyses in patients with asthma. METHODS In this genome-wide association study, we used a two-stage case-control design. In stage 1, we genotyped patient-level data from two UK cohorts (the Genetics of Asthma Severity and Phenotypes [GASP] initiative and the Unbiased BIOmarkers in PREDiction of respiratory disease outcomes [U-BIOPRED] project) and used data from the UK Biobank to collect patient-level genomic data for cases and controls of European ancestry in a 1:5 ratio. Cases were defined as having moderate-to-severe asthma if they were taking appropriate medication or had been diagnosed by a doctor. Controls were defined as not having asthma, rhinitis, eczema, allergy, emphysema, or chronic bronchitis as diagnosed by a doctor. For stage 2, an independent cohort of cases and controls (1:5) was selected from the UK Biobank only, with no overlap with stage 1 samples. In stage 1 we undertook a genome-wide association study of moderate-to-severe asthma, and in stage 2 we followed up independent variants that reached the significance threshold of p less than 1 × 10-6 in stage 1. We set genome-wide significance at p less than 5 × 10-8. For novel signals, we investigated their effect on all types of asthma (mild, moderate, and severe). For all signals meeting genome-wide significance, we investigated their effect on gene expression in patients with asthma and controls. FINDINGS We included 5135 cases and 25 675 controls for stage 1, and 5414 cases and 21 471 controls for stage 2. We identified 24 genome-wide significant signals of association with moderate-to-severe asthma, including several signals in innate or adaptive immune-response genes. Three novel signals were identified: rs10905284 in GATA3 (coded allele A, odds ratio [OR] 0·90, 95% CI 0·88-0·93; p=1·76 × 10-10), rs11603634 in the MUC5AC region (coded allele G, OR 1·09, 1·06-1·12; p=2·32 × 10-8), and rs560026225 near KIAA1109 (coded allele GATT, OR 1·12, 1·08-1·16; p=3·06 × 10-9). The MUC5AC signal was not associated with asthma when analyses included mild asthma. The rs11603634 G allele was associated with increased expression of MUC5AC mRNA in bronchial epithelial brush samples via proxy SNP rs11602802; (p=2·50 × 10-5) and MUC5AC mRNA was increased in bronchial epithelial samples from patients with severe asthma (in two independent analyses, p=0·039 and p=0·022). INTERPRETATION We found substantial shared genetic architecture between mild and moderate-to-severe asthma. We also report for the first time genetic variants associated with the risk of developing moderate-to-severe asthma that regulate mucin production. Finally, we identify candidate causal genes in these loci and provide increased insight into this difficult to treat population. FUNDING Asthma UK, AirPROM, U-BIOPRED, UK Medical Research Council, and Rosetrees Trust.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nick Shrine
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Michael A Portelli
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, National Institute for Health Research, Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Catherine John
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | | | - Neil Bennett
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Robert Hall
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, National Institute for Health Research, Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Jon Lewis
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, National Institute for Health Research, Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Amanda P Henry
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, National Institute for Health Research, Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Charlotte K Billington
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, National Institute for Health Research, Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Azaz Ahmad
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, National Institute for Health Research, Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Richard J Packer
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Dominick Shaw
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, National Institute for Health Research, Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Zara E K Pogson
- Division of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Andrew Fogarty
- Division of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Tricia M McKeever
- Division of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Amisha Singapuri
- Institute for Lung Health, Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK; Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - Liam G Heaney
- Centre for Infection and Immunity, Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Adel H Mansur
- Respiratory Medicine, Birmingham Heartlands Hospital and University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Rekha Chaudhuri
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Neil C Thomson
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - John W Holloway
- Human Development and Health, Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and National Institute of Health Biomedical Research Centre, Southampton, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Gabrielle A Lockett
- Human Development and Health, Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and National Institute of Health Biomedical Research Centre, Southampton, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Peter H Howarth
- Human Development and Health, Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and National Institute of Health Biomedical Research Centre, Southampton, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Ratko Djukanovic
- Human Development and Health, Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and National Institute of Health Biomedical Research Centre, Southampton, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Jenny Hankinson
- Division of Infection Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, and Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Robert Niven
- Division of Infection Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, and Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Angela Simpson
- Division of Infection Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, and Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Kian Fan Chung
- The National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Peter J Sterk
- Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - John D Blakey
- Respiratory Medicine, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Ian M Adcock
- The National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Sile Hu
- Data Science Institute, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Yike Guo
- Data Science Institute, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Maen Obeidat
- The University of British Columbia Center for Heart Lung Innovation, St Paul's Hospital Vancouver, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Don D Sin
- The University of British Columbia Center for Heart Lung Innovation, St Paul's Hospital Vancouver, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Division of Respiratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Maarten van den Berge
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pulmonology, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD Research Institute, Groningen, Netherlands
| | | | - Yohan Bossé
- Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Department of Molecular Medicine, Laval University, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Martin D Tobin
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK; National Institute for Health Research, Leicester Respiratory Biomedical Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Ian P Hall
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, National Institute for Health Research, Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Christopher E Brightling
- Institute for Lung Health, Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK; National Institute for Health Research, Leicester Respiratory Biomedical Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK; Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - Louise V Wain
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK; National Institute for Health Research, Leicester Respiratory Biomedical Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Ian Sayers
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, National Institute for Health Research, Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
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Neville MDC, Choi J, Lieberman J, Duan QL. Identification of deleterious and regulatory genomic variations in known asthma loci. Respir Res 2018; 19:248. [PMID: 30541564 PMCID: PMC6292105 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-018-0953-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Candidate gene and genome-wide association studies have identified hundreds of asthma risk loci. The majority of associated variants, however, are not known to have any biological function and are believed to represent markers rather than true causative mutations. We hypothesized that many of these associated markers are in linkage disequilibrium (LD) with the elusive causative variants. Methods We compiled a comprehensive list of 449 asthma-associated variants previously reported in candidate gene and genome-wide association studies. Next, we identified all sequence variants located within the 305 unique genes using whole-genome sequencing data from the 1000 Genomes Project. Then, we calculated the LD between known asthma variants and the sequence variants within each gene. LD variants identified were then annotated to determine those that are potentially deleterious and/or functional (i.e. coding or regulatory effects on the encoded transcript or protein). Results We identified 10,130 variants in LD (r2 > 0.6) with known asthma variants. Annotations of these LD variants revealed that several have potentially deleterious effects including frameshift, alternate splice site, stop-lost, and missense. Moreover, 24 of the LD variants have been reported to regulate gene expression as expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs). Conclusions This study is proof of concept that many of the genetic loci previously associated with complex diseases such as asthma are not causative but represent markers of disease, which are in LD with the elusive causative variants. We hereby report a number of potentially deleterious and regulatory variants that are in LD with the reported asthma loci. These reported LD variants could account for the original association signals with asthma and represent the true causative mutations at these loci. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12931-018-0953-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D C Neville
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Botterell Hall, Room 530 - 18 Stuart St, Kingston, ON, K7L3N6, Canada
| | - Jihoon Choi
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Botterell Hall, Room 530 - 18 Stuart St, Kingston, ON, K7L3N6, Canada
| | - Jonathan Lieberman
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Botterell Hall, Room 530 - 18 Stuart St, Kingston, ON, K7L3N6, Canada
| | - Qing Ling Duan
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Botterell Hall, Room 530 - 18 Stuart St, Kingston, ON, K7L3N6, Canada. .,School of Computing, Queen's University, 557 Goodwin Hall, Room 531, Kingston, ON, K7L 2N8, Canada.
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Hall R, Hall IP, Sayers I. Genetic risk factors for the development of pulmonary disease identified by genome-wide association. Respirology 2018; 24:204-214. [PMID: 30421854 DOI: 10.1111/resp.13436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Revised: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Chronic respiratory diseases are a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) combined affect over 500 million people worldwide. While environmental factors are important in disease progression, asthma and COPD have long been known to be heritable with genetic components playing an important role in the risk of developing disease. Identification of genetic variation contributing to disease progression is important for a number of reasons including identification of risk alleles, understanding underlying disease mechanisms and development of novel therapies. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have been successful in identifying many loci associated with lung function, COPD and asthma. In recent years, meta-analyses and improved imputation have facilitated the growth of GWAS in terms of numbers of subjects and the number of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) that can be interrogated. As a consequence, there has been a significant increase in the number of signals associated with asthma, COPD and lung function. SNP that have shown association with lung function reassuringly show a significant overlap with SNP associated with COPD giving a glimpse at pathways that may be involved in COPD mechanisms including genes in, for example, developmental pathways. In asthma, association signals are often in or near genes involved in both adaptive and innate immune response pathways, epithelial cell homeostasis and airway structural changes. The challenges now are translating these genetic signals into a new understanding of lung biology, understanding how variants impact health and disease and how they may provide opportunities for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Hall
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Ian P Hall
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Ian Sayers
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
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Hayden LP, Cho MH, Raby BA, Beaty TH, Silverman EK, Hersh CP. Childhood asthma is associated with COPD and known asthma variants in COPDGene: a genome-wide association study. Respir Res 2018; 19:209. [PMID: 30373671 PMCID: PMC6206739 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-018-0890-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood asthma is strongly influenced by genetics and is a risk factor for reduced lung function and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in adults. This study investigates self-reported childhood asthma in adult smokers from the COPDGene Study. We hypothesize that childhood asthma is associated with decreased lung function, increased risk for COPD, and that a genome-wide association study (GWAS) will show association with established asthma variants. METHODS We evaluated current and former smokers ages 45-80 of non-Hispanic white (NHW) or African American (AA) race. Childhood asthma was defined by self-report of asthma, diagnosed by a medical professional, with onset at < 16 years or during childhood. Subjects with a history of childhood asthma were compared to those who never had asthma based on lung function, development of COPD, and genetic variation. GWAS was performed in NHW and AA populations, and combined in meta-analysis. Two sets of established asthma SNPs from published literature were examined for association with childhood asthma. RESULTS Among 10,199 adult smokers, 730 (7%) reported childhood asthma and 7493 (73%) reported no history of asthma. Childhood asthmatics had reduced lung function and increased risk for COPD (OR 3.42, 95% CI 2.81-4.18). Genotype data was assessed for 8031 subjects. Among NHWs, 391(7%) had childhood asthma, and GWAS identified one genome-wide significant association in KIAA1958 (rs59289606, p = 4.82 × 10- 8). Among AAs, 339 (12%) had childhood asthma. No SNPs reached genome-wide significance in the AAs or in the meta-analysis combining NHW and AA subjects; however, potential regions of interest were identified. Established asthma SNPs were examined, seven from the NHGRI-EBI database and five with genome-wide significance in the largest pediatric asthma GWAS. Associations were found in the current childhood asthma GWAS with known asthma loci in IL1RL1, IL13, LINC01149, near GSDMB, and in the C11orf30-LRRC32 region (Bonferroni adjusted p < 0.05 for all comparisons). CONCLUSIONS Childhood asthmatics are at increased risk for COPD. Defining asthma by self-report is valid in populations at risk for COPD, identifying subjects with clinical and genetic characteristics known to associate with childhood asthma. This has potential to improve clinical understanding of asthma-COPD overlap (ACO) and enhance future research into ACO-specific treatment regimens. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT00608764 (Active since January 28, 2008).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lystra P. Hayden
- Division of Respiratory Diseases, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, 181 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Michael H. Cho
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, 181 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115 USA
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA USA
| | - Benjamin A. Raby
- Division of Respiratory Diseases, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, 181 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115 USA
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA USA
| | - Terri H. Beaty
- Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Edwin K. Silverman
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, 181 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115 USA
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA USA
| | - Craig P. Hersh
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, 181 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115 USA
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA USA
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Lima LC, Queiroz GDA, Costa RDS, Alcantara-Neves NM, Marques CR, Costa GNDO, Barreto ML, Figueiredo CAV, Carneiro VL. Genetic variants in RORA are associated with asthma and allergy markers in an admixed population. Cytokine 2018; 113:177-184. [PMID: 30539779 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2018.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Revised: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Asthma and allergy affect hundreds of millions of people from childhood to old age. In most of them, the inflammatory process of respiratory allergies involves the participation of type 2 cytokines, derived from T helper-2 (Th2)-cell, and Group 2 Innate Lymphoid (ILC2) Cells. An efficient memory Th2 cell response is dependent on IL-13 produced by ILC2s, causing allergic lung inflammation and elevated serum levels of immunoglobulin E. ILC2 cells are derived from common lymphoid progenitors and their growing depends on the transcription factor RORA. The aim of this work was to identify genetic variants in RORA associated with asthma phenotypes and allergy markers. Genomic DNA samples of 1246 individuals participating from Social Changes Asthma and Allergy in Latin America Program (SCAALA) have been genotyped using Illumina Human 2.5 Omni Beadchip. Logistics regressions have been performed to analyze the association among RORA variants and asthma, skin prick tests (SPT), specific IgE and type 2 cytokine production. Twelve single nucleotide variants (SNVs) were significantly associated with atopy (P < 0.01), in which four of them, rs10162630, rs17191519, rs17270243, and rs55796775 and their haplotypes were strongly and positively associated (P < 0.001). Furthermore, these variants increased the RORA gene expression in silico analysis. Other SNVs in RORA were associated with allergy markers, atopic and non-atopic asthma. Therefore, it is believed that variants in RORA gene may influence immunologic features of asthma and allergies and could be possible targets for future treatment of allergic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Correia Lima
- Departamento de Ciências da Vida, Universidade do Estado da Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil
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Farzan N, Vijverberg SJ, Kabesch M, Sterk PJ, Maitland-van der Zee AH. The use of pharmacogenomics, epigenomics, and transcriptomics to improve childhood asthma management: Where do we stand? Pediatr Pulmonol 2018; 53:836-845. [PMID: 29493882 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.23976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Asthma is a complex multifactorial disease and it is the most common chronic disease in children. There is a high variability in response to asthma treatment, even in patients with good adherence to maintenance treatment, and a correct inhalation technique. Distinct underlying disease mechanisms in childhood asthma might be the reason of this heterogeneity. A deeper knowledge of the underlying molecular mechanisms of asthma has led to the recent development of advanced and mechanism-based treatments such as biologicals. However, biologicals are recommended only for patients with specific asthma phenotypes who remain uncontrolled despite high dosages of conventional asthma treatment. One of the main unmet needs in their application is lack of clinically available biomarkers to individualize pediatric asthma management and guide treatment. Pharmacogenomics, epigenomics, and transcriptomics are three omics fields that are rapidly advancing and can provide tools to identify novel asthma mechanisms and biomarkers to guide treatment. Pharmacogenomics focuses on variants in the DNA, epigenomics studies heritable changes that do not involve changes in the DNA sequence but lead to alteration of gene expression, and transcriptomics investigates gene expression by studying the complete set of mRNA transcripts in a cell or a population of cells. Advances in high-throughput technologies and statistical tools together with well-phenotyped patient inclusion and collaborations between different centers will expand our knowledge of underlying molecular mechanisms involved in disease onset and progress. Furthermore, it could help to select and stratify appropriate therapeutic strategies for subgroups of patients and hopefully bring precision medicine to daily practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niloufar Farzan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Academic Medical Center (AMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Susanne J Vijverberg
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Academic Medical Center (AMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Michael Kabesch
- Department of Pediatric Pneumology and Allergy, University Children's Hospital Regensburg (KUNO), Regensburg, Germany
| | - Peter J Sterk
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Academic Medical Center (AMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anke H Maitland-van der Zee
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Academic Medical Center (AMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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36
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Abstract
BACKGROUND An inverse relationship between allergies with glioma risk has been reported in several but not all epidemiological observational studies. We performed an analysis of genetic variants associated with atopy to assess the relationship with glioma risk using Mendelian randomisation (MR), an approach unaffected by biases from temporal variability and reverse causation that might have affected earlier investigations. METHODS Two-sample MR was undertaken using genome-wide association study data. We used single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with atopic dermatitis, asthma and hay fever, IgE levels, and self-reported allergy as instrumental variables. We calculated MR estimates for the odds ratio (OR) for each risk factor with glioma using SNP-glioma estimates from 12,488 cases and 18,169 controls, using inverse-variance weighting (IVW), maximum likelihood estimation (MLE), weighted median estimate (WME) and mode-based estimate (MBE) methods. Violation of MR assumptions due to directional pleiotropy were sought using MR-Egger regression and HEIDI-outlier analysis. RESULTS Under IVW, MLE, WME and MBE methods, associations between glioma risk with asthma and hay fever, self-reported allergy and IgE levels were non-significant. An inverse relationship between atopic dermatitis and glioma risk was found by IVW (OR 0.96, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.93-1.00, P = 0.041) and MLE (OR 0.96, 95% CI 0.94-0.99, P = 0.003), but not by WME (OR 0.96, 95% CI 0.91-1.01, P = 0.114) or MBE (OR 0.97, 95% CI 0.92-1.02, P = 0.194). CONCLUSIONS Our investigation does not provide strong evidence for relationship between atopy and the risk of developing glioma, but findings do not preclude a small effect in relation to atopic dermatitis. Our analysis also serves to illustrate the value of using several MR methods to derive robust conclusions.
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Imkamp K, Berg M, Vermeulen CJ, Heijink IH, Guryev V, Kerstjens HAM, Koppelman GH, van den Berge M, Faiz A. Nasal epithelium as a proxy for bronchial epithelium for smoking-induced gene expression and expression Quantitative Trait Loci. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2018. [PMID: 29522853 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2018.01.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Imkamp
- Department of Pulmonology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; GRIAC (Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD), Beatrix Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Marijn Berg
- Department of Pulmonology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; GRIAC (Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD), Beatrix Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Pathology & Medical Biology, Section of Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelis J Vermeulen
- Department of Pulmonology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; GRIAC (Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD), Beatrix Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Irene H Heijink
- GRIAC (Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD), Beatrix Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Pathology & Medical Biology, Section of Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Victor Guryev
- GRIAC (Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD), Beatrix Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Huib A M Kerstjens
- Department of Pulmonology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; GRIAC (Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD), Beatrix Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Gerard H Koppelman
- GRIAC (Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD), Beatrix Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Pediatric Pulmonology and Pediatric Allergology, Beatrix Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten van den Berge
- Department of Pulmonology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; GRIAC (Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD), Beatrix Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Alen Faiz
- Department of Pulmonology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; GRIAC (Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD), Beatrix Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Pathology & Medical Biology, Section of Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Cai X, Lin M, Cao S, Liu Y, Lin N. The association of RAR-related orphan receptor A (RORA) gene polymorphisms with the risk of asthma. Ann Hum Genet 2017; 82:158-164. [PMID: 29282706 DOI: 10.1111/ahg.12238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Revised: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Asthma is a common, heterogeneous chronic respiratory disease characterized by chronic inflammation of the airway, airway hyperreactivity, and airway remodeling. The RAR-related orphan receptor A (RORA) gene has been identified for the pathogenesis of asthma. The purpose of this research was to investigate the relationship between RORA gene polymorphisms and asthma susceptibility in the Chinese Zhuang population. This was a case-control study including 231 children with asthma and 343 healthy controls. The RORA gene polymorphisms were measured by the polymerase chain reaction-ligase detection reaction genotyping assays and confirmed by sequencing. The distribution of the genotype frequencies of the RORA rs11071559 C>T was significantly different in the group of cases and the healthy children (P < 0.05). By haplotype analyses, the haplotype TT (rs7164773/rs11071559) was statistically significant between asthmatics and nonasthmatics, but the association was not significant after correction for multiple comparisons. Our results provided evidence that the RORA rs11071559C>T polymorphism was associated with an elevated susceptibility to pediatric asthma in the Chinese Zhuang population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xulong Cai
- Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Mali Lin
- Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Shan Cao
- Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Yunguang Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Na Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
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Bohman A, Juodakis J, Oscarsson M, Bacelis J, Bende M, Torinsson Naluai Å. A family-based genome-wide association study of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps implicates several genes in the disease pathogenesis. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0185244. [PMID: 29253858 PMCID: PMC5734761 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0185244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pathogenesis of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps is largely unknown. Previous studies have given valuable information about genetic variants associated with this disease but much is still unexplained. Our goal was to identify genetic markers and genes associated with susceptibility to chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps using a family-based genome-wide association study. METHODS 427 patients (293 males and 134 females) with CRSwNP and 393 controls (175 males and 218 females) were recruited from several Swedish hospitals. SNP association values were generated using DFAM (implemented in PLINK) and Efficient Mixed Model Association eXpedited (EMMAX). Analyses of pathway enrichment, gene expression levels and expression quantitative trait loci were then performed in turn. RESULTS None of the analysed SNPs reached genome wide significant association of 5.0 x 10-8. Pathway analyses using our top 1000 markers with the most significant association p-values resulted in 138 target genes. A comparison between our target genes and gene expression data from the NCBI Gene Expression Omnibus database showed significant overlap for 36 of these genes. Comparisons with data from expression quantitative trait loci showed the most skewed allelic distributions in cases with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps compared with controls for the genes HLCS, HLA-DRA, BICD2, VSIR and SLC5A1. CONCLUSION Our study indicates that HLCS, HLA-DRA, BICD2, VSIR and SLC5A1 could be involved in the pathogenesis of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps. HLA-DRA has been associated with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps in previous studies and HLCS, BICD2, VSIR and SLC5A1 may be new targets for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton Bohman
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Julius Juodakis
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Martin Oscarsson
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Skaraborg Hospital, Skövde, Sweden
| | - Jonas Bacelis
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mats Bende
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Skaraborg Hospital, Skövde, Sweden
| | - Åsa Torinsson Naluai
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Cayrol C, Girard JP. Interleukin-33 (IL-33): A nuclear cytokine from the IL-1 family. Immunol Rev 2017; 281:154-168. [DOI: 10.1111/imr.12619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 401] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Corinne Cayrol
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale; IPBS; Université de Toulouse; CNRS; UPS; Toulouse France
| | - Jean-Philippe Girard
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale; IPBS; Université de Toulouse; CNRS; UPS; Toulouse France
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Vicente CT, Revez JA, Ferreira MAR. Lessons from ten years of genome-wide association studies of asthma. Clin Transl Immunology 2017; 6:e165. [PMID: 29333270 PMCID: PMC5750453 DOI: 10.1038/cti.2017.54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Revised: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Twenty-five genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of asthma were published between 2007 and 2016, the largest with a sample size of 157242 individuals. Across these studies, 39 genetic variants in low linkage disequilibrium (LD) with each other were reported to associate with disease risk at a significance threshold of P<5 × 10−8, including 31 in populations of European ancestry. Results from analyses of the UK Biobank data (n=380 503) indicate that at least 28 of the 31 associations reported in Europeans represent true-positive findings, collectively explaining 2.5% of the variation in disease liability (median of 0.06% per variant). We identified 49 transcripts as likely target genes of the published asthma risk variants, mostly based on LD with expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL). Of these genes, 16 were previously implicated in disease pathophysiology by functional studies, including TSLP, TNFSF4, ADORA1, CHIT1 and USF1. In contrast, at present, there is limited or no functional evidence directly implicating the remaining 33 likely target genes in asthma pathophysiology. Some of these genes have a known function that is relevant to allergic disease, including F11R, CD247, PGAP3, AAGAB, CAMK4 and PEX14, and so could be prioritized for functional follow-up. We conclude by highlighting three areas of research that are essential to help translate GWAS findings into clinical research or practice, namely validation of target gene predictions, understanding target gene function and their role in disease pathophysiology and genomics-guided prioritization of targets for drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joana A Revez
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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Johansson K, Malmhäll C, Ramos-Ramírez P, Rådinger M. Bone marrow type 2 innate lymphoid cells: a local source of interleukin-5 in interleukin-33-driven eosinophilia. Immunology 2017; 153:268-278. [PMID: 28921511 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Revised: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
T helper type 2 (Th2) cells, type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) and eosinophil progenitors have previously been described to produce interleukin-5 (IL-5) in the airways upon allergen provocation or by direct administration of IL-33. Eosinophilic airway inflammation is known to be associated with IL-5-dependent eosinophil development in the bone marrow, however, the source of IL-5 remains unclear. T helper cells, ILC2s and CD34+ progenitors have been proposed to be involved in this process, therefore, we investigated whether these cells are taking part in eosinophilopoiesis by producing IL-5 locally in the bone marrow in IL-33-driven inflammation. Airway exposure with IL-33 led to eosinophil infiltration in airways and elevated eotaxin-2/CCL24. Importantly, IL-5 production as well as expression of the IL-33 receptor increased in ILC2s in the bone marrow under this treatment. A small but significant induction of IL-5 was also found in CD34+ progenitors but not in T helper cells. Similar results were obtained by in vitro stimulation with IL-33 where ILC2s rapidly produced large amounts of IL-5, which coincided with the induction of eosinophil hematopoiesis. IL-33-mediated eosinophil production was indeed dependent on IL-5 as both airway and bone marrow eosinophils decreased in mice treated with anti-IL-5 in combination with IL-33. Interestingly, the responsiveness of ILC2s to IL-33 as well as IL-33-induced eotaxin-2/CCL24 were independent of the levels of IL-5. In summary, we demonstrate for the first time that IL-33 acts directly on bone marrow ILC2s, making them an early source of IL-5 and part of a process that is central in IL-33-driven eosinophilia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Johansson
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Krefting Research Centre, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Carina Malmhäll
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Krefting Research Centre, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Patricia Ramos-Ramírez
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Krefting Research Centre, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Madeleine Rådinger
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Krefting Research Centre, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Arathimos R, Suderman M, Sharp GC, Burrows K, Granell R, Tilling K, Gaunt TR, Henderson J, Ring S, Richmond RC, Relton CL. Epigenome-wide association study of asthma and wheeze in childhood and adolescence. Clin Epigenetics 2017; 9:112. [PMID: 29046734 PMCID: PMC5640901 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-017-0414-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asthma heritability has only been partially explained by genetic variants and is known to be sensitive to environmental factors, implicating epigenetic modifications such as DNA methylation in its pathogenesis. METHODS Using data collected in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC), we assessed associations of asthma and wheeze with DNA methylation at 7.5 and 16.5 years, at over 450,000 CpG sites in DNA from the peripheral blood of approx. 1000 participants. We used Mendelian randomization (MR), a method of causal inference that uses genetic variants as instrumental variables, to infer the direction of association between DNA methylation and asthma. RESULTS We identified 302 CpGs associated with current asthma status (FDR-adjusted P value < 0.05) and 445 with current wheeze status at 7.5 years, with substantial overlap between the two. Genes annotated to the 302 associated CpGs were enriched for pathways related to movement of cellular/subcellular components, locomotion, interleukin-4 production and eosinophil migration. All associations attenuated when adjusted for eosinophil and neutrophil cell count estimates. At 16.5 years, two sites were associated with current asthma after adjustment for cell counts. The CpGs mapped to the AP2A2 and IL5RA genes, with a - 2.32 [95% CI - 1.47, - 3.18] and - 2.49 [95% CI - 1.56, - 3.43] difference in percentage methylation in asthma cases respectively. Two-sample bi-directional MR indicated a causal effect of asthma on DNA methylation at several CpG sites at 7.5 years. However, associations did not persist after adjustment for multiple testing. There was no evidence of a causal effect of asthma on DNA methylation at either of the two CpG sites at 16.5 years. CONCLUSION The majority of observed associations are driven by higher eosinophil cell counts in asthma cases, acting as an intermediate phenotype, with important implications for future studies of DNA methylation in atopic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Arathimos
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Bristol, BS8 2BN UK
| | - Matthew Suderman
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Bristol, BS8 2BN UK
| | - Gemma C. Sharp
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Bristol, BS8 2BN UK
- School of Oral and Dental Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Kimberley Burrows
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Bristol, BS8 2BN UK
| | - Raquel Granell
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Kate Tilling
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Bristol, BS8 2BN UK
| | - Tom R. Gaunt
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Bristol, BS8 2BN UK
| | - John Henderson
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Susan Ring
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Bristol, BS8 2BN UK
| | - Rebecca C. Richmond
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Bristol, BS8 2BN UK
| | - Caroline L. Relton
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Bristol, BS8 2BN UK
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44
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Lajunen TK, Jaakkola JJK, Jaakkola MS. IL6 polymorphisms modify the effects of smoking on the risk of adult asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2017; 141:799-802.e9. [PMID: 28987812 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2017.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Revised: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Taina K Lajunen
- Center for Environmental and Respiratory Health Research (CERH), University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Jouni J K Jaakkola
- Center for Environmental and Respiratory Health Research (CERH), University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
| | - Maritta S Jaakkola
- Center for Environmental and Respiratory Health Research (CERH), University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
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45
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Pathogenesis of asthma: implications for precision medicine. Clin Sci (Lond) 2017; 131:1723-1735. [PMID: 28667070 DOI: 10.1042/cs20160253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Revised: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The pathogenesis of asthma is complex and multi-faceted. Asthma patients have a diverse range of underlying dominant disease processes and pathways despite apparent similarities in clinical expression. Here, we present the current understanding of asthma pathogenesis. We discuss airway inflammation (both T2HIGH and T2LOW), airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) and airways remodelling as four key factors in asthma pathogenesis, and also outline other contributory factors such as genetics and co-morbidities. Response to current asthma therapies also varies greatly, which is probably related to the inter-patient differences in pathogenesis. Here, we also summarize how our developing understanding of detailed pathological processes potentially translates into the targeted treatment options we require for optimal asthma management in the future.
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46
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Kurow O, Frey B, Schuster L, Schmitt V, Adam S, Hahn M, Gilchrist D, McInnes IB, Wirtz S, Gaipl US, Krönke G, Schett G, Frey S, Hueber AJ. Full Length Interleukin 33 Aggravates Radiation-Induced Skin Reaction. Front Immunol 2017; 8:722. [PMID: 28702024 PMCID: PMC5487387 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The interleukin (IL)-1 family member IL-33 has been described as intracellular alarmin with broad roles in wound healing, skin inflammation but also autoimmunity. Its dichotomy between full length (fl) IL-33 and the mature (m) form of IL-33 and its release by necrosis is still not fully understood. Here, we compare functional consequences of both forms in the skin in vivo, and therefore generated two lines of transgenic mice which selectively overexpress mmIL-33 and flmIL-33 in basal keratinocytes. Transgene mRNA was expressed at high level in skin of both lines but not in organs due to the specific K14 promoter. We could demonstrate that transgenic overexpression of mmIL-33 in murine keratinocytes leads to a spontaneous skin inflammation as opposed to flmIL-33. K14-mmIL-33 mice synthesize and secrete high amounts of mmIL-33 along with massive cutaneous manifestations, like increased epidermis and dermis thickness, infiltration of mast cells in the epidermis and dermis layers and marked hyperkeratosis. Using skin inflammation models such as IL-23 administration, imiquimod treatment, or mechanical irritation did not lead to exacerbated inflammation in the K14-flmIL-33 strain. As radiation induces a strong dermatitis due to apoptosis and necrosis, we determined the effect of fractionated radiation (12 Gy, 4 times). In comparison to wild-type mice, an increase in ear thickness in flmIL-33 transgenic mice was observed 25 days after irradiation. Macroscopic examination showed more severe skin symptoms in irradiated ears compared to controls. In summary, secreted mmIL-33 itself has a potent capacity in skin inflammation whereas fl IL-33 is limited due to its intracellular retention. During tissue damage, fl IL-33 exacerbated radiation-induced skin reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Kurow
- Department of Internal Medicine 3-Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Benjamin Frey
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Louis Schuster
- Department of Internal Medicine 3-Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Verena Schmitt
- Department of Internal Medicine 3-Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Susanne Adam
- Department of Internal Medicine 3-Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Madelaine Hahn
- Department of Internal Medicine 3-Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Derek Gilchrist
- Division of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, Glasgow Biomedical Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Iain B McInnes
- Division of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, Glasgow Biomedical Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Stefan Wirtz
- Department of Medicine 1, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Udo S Gaipl
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Gerhard Krönke
- Department of Internal Medicine 3-Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Georg Schett
- Department of Internal Medicine 3-Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Silke Frey
- Department of Internal Medicine 3-Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Axel J Hueber
- Department of Internal Medicine 3-Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
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47
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Johansson K, Malmhäll C, Ramos-Ramírez P, Rådinger M. MicroRNA-155 is a critical regulator of type 2 innate lymphoid cells and IL-33 signaling in experimental models of allergic airway inflammation. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2017; 139:1007-1016.e9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2016.06.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2016] [Revised: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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48
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Barreto-Luis A, Corrales A, Acosta-Herrera M, Gonzalez-Colino C, Cumplido J, Martinez-Tadeo J, Carracedo A, Villar J, Carrillo T, Pino-Yanes M, Flores C. A pathway-based association study reveals variants from Wnt signalling genes contributing to asthma susceptibility. Clin Exp Allergy 2017; 47:618-626. [PMID: 28079285 DOI: 10.1111/cea.12883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Revised: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic susceptibility to asthma is currently linked to a handful of genes which have a limited ability to predict the overall disease risk, suggesting the existence of many other genes involved in disease development. Accumulated evidence from association studies in genes related by biological pathways could reveal novel asthma genes. OBJECTIVE To reveal novel asthma susceptibility genes by means of a pathway-based association study. METHODS Based on summary data from a previous a genomewide association study (GWAS) of asthma, we first identified significant biological pathways using a gene-set enrichment analysis. We then mapped all tested single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on the genes contributing to significant pathways and prioritized those with a disproportionate number of nominal significant associations for further studies. For those prioritized genes, association studies were performed for selected SNPs in independent case-control samples (n = 1765) using logistic regression models, and results were meta-analysed with those from the GWAS. RESULTS Two biological processes were significantly enriched: the cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction (P = 0.002) and the Wnt signalling (P = 0.012). From the 417 genes interacting in these two pathways, 10 showed an excess of nominal associations, including a known asthma susceptibility locus (encoding SMAD family member 3) and other novel candidate genes. From the latter, association studies of 14 selected SNPs evidenced replication in a locus near the frizzled class receptor 6 (FZD6) gene (P = 9.90 × 10-4 ), which had a consistent direction of effects with the GWAS findings (meta-analysed odds ratio = 1.49; P = 5.87 × 10-6 ) and was in high linkage disequilibrium with expression quantitative trait loci in lung tissues. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE This study revealed the importance of two biological pathways in asthma pathogenesis and identified a novel susceptibility locus near Wnt signalling genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Barreto-Luis
- Research Unit, Hospital Universitario N.S. de Candelaria, Universidad de La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - A Corrales
- Research Unit, Hospital Universitario N.S. de Candelaria, Universidad de La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Acosta-Herrera
- Research Unit, Hospital Universitario N.S. de Candelaria, Universidad de La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - C Gonzalez-Colino
- Allergy Unit, Hospital Universitario N.S. de Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - J Cumplido
- Allergy Unit, Hospital Universitario Dr. Negrín, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - J Martinez-Tadeo
- Allergy Unit, Hospital Universitario N.S. de Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - A Carracedo
- Grupo de Medicina Xenómica, CIBERER-Universidade de Santiago de Compostela-Fundación Galega de Medicina Xenómica (SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - J Villar
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Research Unit, Hospital Universitario Dr. Negrin, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - T Carrillo
- Allergy Unit, Hospital Universitario Dr. Negrín, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - M Pino-Yanes
- Research Unit, Hospital Universitario N.S. de Candelaria, Universidad de La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - C Flores
- Research Unit, Hospital Universitario N.S. de Candelaria, Universidad de La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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49
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Amin K, Janson C, Bystrom J. Role of Eosinophil Granulocytes in Allergic Airway Inflammation Endotypes. Scand J Immunol 2017; 84:75-85. [PMID: 27167590 DOI: 10.1111/sji.12448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Eosinophil granulocytes are intriguing members of the innate immunity system that have been considered important defenders during parasitic diseases as well as culprits during allergy-associated inflammatory diseases. Novel studies have, however, found new homoeostasis-maintaining roles for the cell. Recent clinical trials blocking different Th2 cytokines have uncovered that asthma is heterogeneous entity and forms different characteristic endotypes. Although eosinophils are present in allergic asthma with early onset, the cells may not be essential for the pathology. The cells are, however, likely disease causing in asthma with a late onset, which is often associated with chronic rhinosinusitis. Assessment of eosinophilia, fraction exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) and periostin are markers that have emerged useful in assessing and monitoring asthma severity and endotype. Current scientific knowledge suggests that eosinophils are recruited by the inflammatory environment, activated by the innate interleukin (IL)-33 and prevented from apoptosis by both lymphocytes and innate immune cells such as type two innate immune cells. Eosinophils contain four specific granule proteins that exhibit an array of toxic and immune-modulatory activates. The granule proteins can be released by different mechanisms. Additionally, eosinophils contain a number of inflammatory cytokines and lipid mediators as well as radical oxygen species that might contribute to the disease both by the recruitment of other cells and the direct damage to supporting cells, leading to exacerbations and tissue fibrosis. This review aimed to outline current knowledge how eosinophils are recruited, activated and mediate damage to tissues and therapies used to control the cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Amin
- Department of Medical Science, Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Clinical Chemistry and Asthma Research Centre, Uppsala University and University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Microbiology/Immunology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Sulaimani, Sulaimani, Iraq
| | - C Janson
- Department of Medical Science, Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Clinical Chemistry and Asthma Research Centre, Uppsala University and University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - J Bystrom
- Experimental Medicine and Rheumatology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts & the London, Queen Mary, University of London, London, UK
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50
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Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of asthma have yielded exciting results and identified novel risk alleles and loci. But, like other common complex diseases, asthma-associated alleles have small effect sizes and account for little of the prevalence of asthma. In this review, I discuss the limitations of GWAS approaches and the major challenges facing geneticists in the post-GWAS era and propose alternative strategies to address these challenges. In particular, I propose that focusing on genetic variations that influences gene expression and using cell models of gene-environment interactions in cell types that are relevant to asthma will allow us to more completely characterize the genetic architecture of asthma.
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