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Jia X, Crawford JC, Gebregzabher D, Monson EA, Mettelman RC, Wan Y, Ren Y, Chou J, Novak T, McQuilten HA, Clarke M, Bachem A, Foo IJ, Fritzlar S, Carrera Montoya J, Trenerry AM, Nie S, Leeming MG, Nguyen THO, Kedzierski L, Littler DR, Kueh A, Cardamone T, Wong CY, Hensen L, Cabug A, Laguna JG, Agrawal M, Flerlage T, Boyd DF, Van de Velde LA, Habel JR, Loh L, Koay HF, van de Sandt CE, Konstantinov IE, Berzins SP, Flanagan KL, Wakim LM, Herold MJ, Green AM, Smallwood HS, Rossjohn J, Thwaites RS, Chiu C, Scott NE, Mackenzie JM, Bedoui S, Reading PC, Londrigan SL, Helbig KJ, Randolph AG, Thomas PG, Xu J, Wang Z, Chua BY, Kedzierska K. High expression of oleoyl-ACP hydrolase underpins life-threatening respiratory viral diseases. Cell 2024; 187:4586-4604.e20. [PMID: 39137778 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2024.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
Respiratory infections cause significant morbidity and mortality, yet it is unclear why some individuals succumb to severe disease. In patients hospitalized with avian A(H7N9) influenza, we investigated early drivers underpinning fatal disease. Transcriptomics strongly linked oleoyl-acyl-carrier-protein (ACP) hydrolase (OLAH), an enzyme mediating fatty acid production, with fatal A(H7N9) early after hospital admission, persisting until death. Recovered patients had low OLAH expression throughout hospitalization. High OLAH levels were also detected in patients hospitalized with life-threatening seasonal influenza, COVID-19, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) but not during mild disease. In olah-/- mice, lethal influenza infection led to survival and mild disease as well as reduced lung viral loads, tissue damage, infection-driven pulmonary cell infiltration, and inflammation. This was underpinned by differential lipid droplet dynamics as well as reduced viral replication and virus-induced inflammation in macrophages. Supplementation of oleic acid, the main product of OLAH, increased influenza replication in macrophages and their inflammatory potential. Our findings define how the expression of OLAH drives life-threatening viral disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Jia
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Jeremy Chase Crawford
- Department of Host-Microbe Interactions, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA; Center for Infectious Diseases Research, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA.
| | - Deborah Gebregzabher
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Ebony A Monson
- Department of Microbiology, Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia
| | - Robert C Mettelman
- Department of Host-Microbe Interactions, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Yanmin Wan
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Centre and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministry of Education/Health, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China
| | - Yanqin Ren
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Centre, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China
| | - Janet Chou
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Tanya Novak
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital and Department of Anaesthesia, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Hayley A McQuilten
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Michele Clarke
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Annabell Bachem
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Isabelle J Foo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Svenja Fritzlar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Julio Carrera Montoya
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Alice M Trenerry
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Shuai Nie
- Melbourne Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Facility, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Michael G Leeming
- Melbourne Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Facility, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Thi H O Nguyen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Lukasz Kedzierski
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Dene R Littler
- Infection and Immunity Program, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Andrew Kueh
- Walter Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, VIC 3084, Australia; School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia
| | - Tina Cardamone
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Chinn Yi Wong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Luca Hensen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Aira Cabug
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Jaime Gómez Laguna
- Department of Anatomy and Comparative Pathology and Toxicology, Pathology and Immunology Group, University of Córdoba, International Excellence Agrifood Campus "CeiA3", 14014 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Mona Agrawal
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Tim Flerlage
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - David F Boyd
- Department of Molecular, Cell & Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Lee-Ann Van de Velde
- Department of Host-Microbe Interactions, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Jennifer R Habel
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Liyen Loh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Hui-Fern Koay
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Carolien E van de Sandt
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Igor E Konstantinov
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Royal Children's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne Centre for Cardiovascular Genomics and Regenerative Medicine, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Stuart P Berzins
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; Institute of Innovation, Science and Sustainability, Federation University Australia, Ballarat, VIC 3353, Australia
| | - Katie L Flanagan
- School of Health Sciences and School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS 7248, Australia; School of Health and Biomedical Science, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia; Tasmanian Vaccine Trial Centre, Clifford Craig Foundation, Launceston General Hospital, Launceston, TAS 7250, Australia
| | - Linda M Wakim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Marco J Herold
- Walter Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, VIC 3084, Australia; School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia
| | - Amanda M Green
- Center for Infectious Diseases Research, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA; Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Heather S Smallwood
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Jamie Rossjohn
- Infection and Immunity Program, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; Institute of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff, UK
| | - Ryan S Thwaites
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Christopher Chiu
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Nichollas E Scott
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Jason M Mackenzie
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Sammy Bedoui
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Patrick C Reading
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Sarah L Londrigan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Karla J Helbig
- Department of Microbiology, Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia
| | - Adrienne G Randolph
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital and Department of Anaesthesia, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Center for Influenza Disease and Emergence Response (CIDER), Athens, GA, USA
| | - Paul G Thomas
- Department of Host-Microbe Interactions, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA; Center for Infectious Diseases Research, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA; Center for Influenza Disease and Emergence Response (CIDER), Athens, GA, USA
| | - Jianqing Xu
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Centre and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministry of Education/Health, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China
| | - Zhongfang Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease & National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Brendon Y Chua
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia.
| | - Katherine Kedzierska
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; Center for Influenza Disease and Emergence Response (CIDER), Athens, GA, USA.
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2
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Moffat A, Gwyer Findlay E. Evidence for antigen presentation by human neutrophils. Blood 2024; 143:2455-2463. [PMID: 38498044 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2023023444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Neutrophils are the first migrating responders to sterile and infectious inflammation and act in a powerful but nonspecific fashion to kill a wide variety of pathogens. It is now apparent that they can also act in a highly discriminating fashion; this is particularly evident in their interactions with other cells of the immune system. It is clear that neutrophils are present during the adaptive immune response, interacting with T cells in complex ways that differ between tissue types and disease state. One of the ways in which this interaction is mediated is by neutrophil expression of HLA molecules and presentation of antigen to T cells. In mice, this is well established to occur with both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. However, the evidence is less strong with human cells. Here, we assembled available evidence for human neutrophil antigen presentation. We find that the human cells are clearly able to upregulate HLA-DR and costimulatory molecules; are able to process protein antigen into fragments recognized by T cells; are able to enter lymph node T cell zones; and, in vitro, are able to present antigen to memory T cells, inducing proliferation and cytokine production. However, many questions remain, particularly concerning whether the cell-cell interactions can last for sufficient time to trigger naïve T cells. These experiments are now critical as we unravel the complex interactions between these cells and their importance for the development of human immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angus Moffat
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Emily Gwyer Findlay
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
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3
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Speaks S, McFadden MI, Zani A, Solstad A, Leumi S, Roettger JE, Kenney AD, Bone H, Zhang L, Denz PJ, Eddy AC, Amer AO, Robinson RT, Cai C, Ma J, Hemann EA, Forero A, Yount JS. Gasdermin D promotes influenza virus-induced mortality through neutrophil amplification of inflammation. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2751. [PMID: 38553499 PMCID: PMC10980740 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47067-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Influenza virus activates cellular inflammasome pathways, which can be both beneficial and detrimental to infection outcomes. Here, we investigate the function of the inflammasome-activated, pore-forming protein gasdermin D (GSDMD) during infection. Ablation of GSDMD in knockout (KO) mice (Gsdmd-/-) significantly attenuates influenza virus-induced weight loss, lung dysfunction, lung histopathology, and mortality compared with wild type (WT) mice, despite similar viral loads. Infected Gsdmd-/- mice exhibit decreased inflammatory gene signatures shown by lung transcriptomics. Among these, diminished neutrophil gene activation signatures are corroborated by decreased detection of neutrophil elastase and myeloperoxidase in KO mouse lungs. Indeed, directly infected neutrophils are observed in vivo and infection of neutrophils in vitro induces release of DNA and tissue-damaging enzymes that is largely dependent on GSDMD. Neutrophil depletion in infected WT mice recapitulates the reductions in mortality, lung inflammation, and lung dysfunction observed in Gsdmd-/- animals, while depletion does not have additive protective effects in Gsdmd-/- mice. These findings implicate a function for GSDMD in promoting lung neutrophil responses that amplify influenza virus-induced inflammation and pathogenesis. Targeting the GSDMD/neutrophil axis may provide a therapeutic avenue for treating severe influenza.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Speaks
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Matthew I McFadden
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Infectious Diseases Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Ashley Zani
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Infectious Diseases Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Abigail Solstad
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Steve Leumi
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Infectious Diseases Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Jack E Roettger
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Infectious Diseases Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Adam D Kenney
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Infectious Diseases Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Hannah Bone
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Infectious Diseases Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Lizhi Zhang
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Infectious Diseases Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Parker J Denz
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Infectious Diseases Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Adrian C Eddy
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Infectious Diseases Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Amal O Amer
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Infectious Diseases Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Richard T Robinson
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Infectious Diseases Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Chuanxi Cai
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Science, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Jianjie Ma
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Science, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Emily A Hemann
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Infectious Diseases Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Adriana Forero
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
- Infectious Diseases Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
| | - Jacob S Yount
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
- Infectious Diseases Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
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Zhang L, Nishi H, Kinoshita K. Multi-Omics Profiling Reveals Phenotypic and Functional Heterogeneity of Neutrophils in COVID-19. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3841. [PMID: 38612651 PMCID: PMC11011481 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence has revealed unexpected phenotypic heterogeneity and diverse functions of neutrophils in several diseases. Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) can alter the leukocyte phenotype based on disease severity, including neutrophil activation in severe cases. However, the plasticity of neutrophil phenotypes and their relative impact on COVID-19 pathogenesis has not been well addressed. This study aimed to identify and validate the heterogeneity of neutrophils in COVID-19 and evaluate the functions of each subpopulation. We analyzed public single-cell RNA-seq, bulk RNA-seq, and proteome data from healthy donors and patients with COVID-19 to investigate neutrophil subpopulations and their response to disease pathogenesis. We identified eight neutrophil subtypes: pro-neutrophil, pre-neutrophil, immature neutrophil, and five mature neutrophil subpopulations. The subtypes exhibited distinct features, including diverse activation signatures and multiple enriched pathways. The pro-neutrophil subtype was associated with severe and fatal disease, while the pre-neutrophil subtype was particularly abundant in mild/moderate disease. One of the mature neutrophil subtypes showed consistently large fractions in patients with different disease severity. Bulk RNA-seq dataset analyses using a cellular deconvolution approach validated the relative abundances of neutrophil subtypes and the expansion of pro-neutrophils in severe COVID-19 patients. Cell-cell communication analysis revealed representative ligand-receptor interactions among the identified neutrophil subtypes. Further investigation into transcription factors and differential protein abundance revealed the regulatory network differences between healthy donors and patients with severe COVID-19. Overall, we demonstrated the complex interactions among heterogeneous neutrophil subtypes and other blood cell types during COVID-19 disease. Our work has great value in terms of both clinical and public health as it furthers our understanding of the phenotypic and functional heterogeneity of neutrophils and other cell populations in multiple diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhang
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8573, Miyagi, Japan
- Department of Applied Information Sciences, Graduate School of Information Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8579, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Hafumi Nishi
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8573, Miyagi, Japan
- Department of Applied Information Sciences, Graduate School of Information Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8579, Miyagi, Japan
- Faculty of Core Research, Ochanomizu University, Tokyo 112-8610, Japan
| | - Kengo Kinoshita
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8573, Miyagi, Japan
- Department of Applied Information Sciences, Graduate School of Information Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8579, Miyagi, Japan
- Advanced Research Center for Innovations in Next-Generation Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8573, Miyagi, Japan
- Department of In Silico Analyses, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer (IDAC), Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Miyagi, Japan
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5
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Miková E, Černý V, Novotná O, Petrásková P, Boráková K, Hel Z, Hrdý J. Immature neutrophils in cord blood exert increased expression of genes associated with antimicrobial function. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1368624. [PMID: 38596677 PMCID: PMC11002259 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1368624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The immune systems of both the mother and the newborn face significant challenges during birth. Proper immune regulation after birth is essential for the survival of neonates. Numerous studies have demonstrated that the neonatal immune system is relatively immature, particularly in its adaptive arm, placing the primary responsibility for immune surveillance on innate immunity. Methods Given the significant role of neutrophils in protecting the neonate after birth, we conducted a study investigating the properties of neutrophils in newborn cord blood using various methodological approaches. Results Our findings demonstrate the presence of immature low-density neutrophils in the cord blood, which are likely responsible for the observed elevated expression of genes coding for proteins essential to antimicrobial response, including myeloperoxidase, neutrophils elastase, and defensins. Discussion We propose that these cells function normally and support the protection of newborns early after birth. Furthermore, our results suggest that the mode of delivery might significantly influence the programming of neutrophil function. The presented findings emphasize the importance of distinct neutrophil subpopulations in neonatal immunity and their potential impact on early postnatal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliška Miková
- Institute of Immunology and Microbiology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Viktor Černý
- Institute of Immunology and Microbiology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Olga Novotná
- Institute of Immunology and Microbiology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Petra Petrásková
- Institute of Immunology and Microbiology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Kristýna Boráková
- Department of Neonatology, Institute for the Care of Mother and Child, Prague, Czechia
| | - Zdenek Hel
- Pathology Department, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Jiří Hrdý
- Institute of Immunology and Microbiology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
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6
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Fan X, Shu P, Wang Y, Ji N, Zhang D. Interactions between neutrophils and T-helper 17 cells. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1279837. [PMID: 37920459 PMCID: PMC10619153 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1279837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils comprise the majority of immune cells in human peripheral circulation, have potent antimicrobial activities, and are clinically significant in their abundance, heterogeneity, and subcellular localization. In the past few years, the role of neutrophils as components of the innate immune response has been studied in numerous ways, and these cells are crucial in fighting infections, autoimmune diseases, and cancer. T-helper 17 (Th17) cells that produce interleukin 17 (IL-17) are critical in fighting infections and maintaining mucosal immune homeostasis, whereas they mediate several autoimmune diseases. Neutrophils affect adaptive immune responses by interacting with adaptive immune cells. In this review, we describe the physiological roles of both Th17 cells and neutrophils and their interactions and briefly describe the pathological processes in which these two cell types participate. We provide a summary of relevant drugs targeting IL-17A and their clinical trials. Here, we highlight the interactions between Th17 cells and neutrophils in diverse pathophysiological situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinzou Fan
- Department of Biotherapy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Panyin Shu
- Department of Biotherapy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ning Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Dunfang Zhang
- Department of Biotherapy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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7
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Hamele CE, Spurrier MA, Leonard RA, Heaton NS. Segmented, Negative-Sense RNA Viruses of Humans: Genetic Systems and Experimental Uses of Reporter Strains. Annu Rev Virol 2023; 10:261-282. [PMID: 37774125 PMCID: PMC10795101 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-virology-111821-120445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
Negative-stranded RNA viruses are a large group of viruses that encode their genomes in RNA across multiple segments in an orientation antisense to messenger RNA. Their members infect broad ranges of hosts, and there are a number of notable human pathogens. Here, we examine the development of reverse genetic systems as applied to these virus families, emphasizing conserved approaches illustrated by some of the prominent members that cause significant human disease. We also describe the utility of their genetic systems in the development of reporter strains of the viruses and some biological insights made possible by their use. To conclude the review, we highlight some possible future uses of reporter viruses that not only will increase our basic understanding of how these viruses replicate and cause disease but also could inform the development of new approaches to therapeutically intervene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cait E Hamele
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA;
| | - M Ariel Spurrier
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA;
| | - Rebecca A Leonard
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA;
| | - Nicholas S Heaton
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA;
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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8
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Cortegano I, Rodríguez M, Hernángómez S, Arrabal A, Garcia-Vao C, Rodríguez J, Fernández S, Díaz J, de la Rosa B, Solís B, Arribas C, Garrido F, Zaballos A, Roa S, López V, Gaspar ML, de Andrés B. Age-dependent nasal immune responses in non-hospitalized bronchiolitis children. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1011607. [PMID: 36561744 PMCID: PMC9763932 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1011607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Bronchiolitis in children is associated with significant rates of morbidity and mortality. Many studies have been performed using samples from hospitalized bronchiolitis patients, but little is known about the immunological responses from infants suffering from mild/moderate bronchiolitis that do not require hospitalization. We have studied a collection of nasal lavage fluid (NLF) samples from outpatient bronchiolitis children as a novel strategy to unravel local humoral and cellular responses, which are not fully characterized. The children were age-stratified in three groups, two of them (GI under 2-months, GII between 2-4 months) presenting a first episode of bronchiolitis, and GIII (between 4 months and 2 years) with recurrent respiratory infections. Here we show that elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL1β, IL6, TNFα, IL18, IL23), regulatory cytokines (IL10, IL17A) and IFNγ were found in the three bronchiolitis cohorts. However, little or no change was observed for IL33 and MCP1, at difference to previous results from bronchiolitis hospitalized patients. Furthermore, our results show a tendency to IL1β, IL6, IL18 and TNFα increased levels in children with mild pattern of symptom severity and in those in which non RSV respiratory virus were detected compared to RSV+ samples. By contrast, no such differences were found based on gender distribution. Bronchiolitis NLFs contained more IgM, IgG1, IgG3 IgG4 and IgA than NLF from their age-matched healthy controls. NLF from bronchiolitis children predominantly contained neutrophils, and also low frequency of monocytes and few CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. NLF from infants older than 4-months contained more intermediate monocytes and B cell subsets, including naïve and memory cells. BCR repertoire analysis of NLF samples showed a biased VH1 usage in IgM repertoires, with low levels of somatic hypermutation. Strikingly, algorithmic studies of the mutation profiles, denoted antigenic selection on IgA-NLF repertoires. Our results support the use of NLF samples to analyze immune responses and may have therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Cortegano
- Immunobiology Department, Centro Nacional de Microbiología (CNM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Mercedes Rodríguez
- Immunobiology Department, Centro Nacional de Microbiología (CNM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Alejandro Arrabal
- Immunobiology Department, Centro Nacional de Microbiología (CNM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Javier Rodríguez
- Pediatrics Department, Atención Primaria Galapagar, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sandra Fernández
- Pediatrics Department, Atención Primaria Galapagar, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juncal Díaz
- Pediatrics Department, Atención Primaria Galapagar, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Beatriz Solís
- Pediatrics Department, Hospital Puerta de Hierro, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Arribas
- Pediatrics Department, Clínica Universitaria de Navarra, Madrid, Spain
| | - Felipe Garrido
- Pediatrics Department, Clínica Universitaria de Navarra, Madrid, Spain
| | - Angel Zaballos
- Genomics Central Core, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Sergio Roa
- Biochemistry and Genetics Department, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Victoria López
- Chronic Disease Programme Unidad de Investigación de Enfermedades Crónicas (UFIEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria-Luisa Gaspar
- Immunobiology Department, Centro Nacional de Microbiología (CNM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Belén de Andrés
- Immunobiology Department, Centro Nacional de Microbiología (CNM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
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9
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Abstract
Despite the introduction of vaccines, COVID-19 still affects millions of people worldwide. A better understanding of pathophysiology and the discovery of novel therapies are needed. One of the cells of interest in COVID-19 is the neutrophil. This cell type is being recruited to a site of inflammation as one of the first immune cells. In this project, we investigated a variety of neutrophils phenotypes during COVID-19 by measuring the expression of markers for migration, maturity, activation, gelatinase granules and secondary granules using flow cytometry. We show that neutrophils during COVID-19 exhibit altered phenotypes compared to healthy individuals. The activation level including NETs production and maturity of neutrophils seem to last longer during COVID-19 than expected for innate immunity. Neutrophils as one of the drivers of severe cases of COVID-19 are considered as potential treatment targets. However, for a successful implementation of treatment, there is a need for a better understanding of neutrophil functions and phenotypes in COVID-19. Our study answers some of those questions.
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10
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Aggio JB, Porto BN, Duarte dos Santos CN, Mosimann ALP, Wowk PF. Human Neutrophils Present Mild Activation by Zika Virus But Reduce the Infection of Susceptible Cells. Front Immunol 2022; 13:784443. [PMID: 35747137 PMCID: PMC9210994 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.784443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of the Zika virus (ZIKV) has highlighted the need for a deeper understanding of virus-host interactions in order to pave the way for the development of antiviral therapies. The present work aimed to address the response of neutrophils during ZIKV infection. Neutrophils are important effector cells in innate immunity implicated in the host’s response to neurotropic arboviruses. Our results indicate that human neutrophils were not permissive to Asian or African ZIKV strain replication. In fact, after stimulation with ZIKV, neutrophils were mild primed against the virus as evaluated through CD11b and CD62L modulation, secretion of inflammatory cytokines and granule content, production of reactive oxygen species, and neutrophil extracellular traps formation. Overall, neutrophils did not affect ZIKV infectivity. Moreover, in vitro ZIKV infection of primary innate immune cells did not trigger neutrophil migration. However, neutrophils co-cultured with ZIKV susceptible cell lineages resulted in lower cell infection frequencies, possibly due to cell-to-cell contact. In vivo, neutrophil depletion in immunocompetent mice did not affect ZIKV spreading to the draining lymph nodes. The data suggest that human neutrophils do not play an antiviral role against ZIKV per se, but these cells might participate in an infected environment shaping the ZIKV infection in other target cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Bernardi Aggio
- Laboratório de Virologia Molecular, Instituto Carlos Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Bárbara Nery Porto
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Biology of Breathing Group, Children’s Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | | | - Ana Luiza Pamplona Mosimann
- Laboratório de Virologia Molecular, Instituto Carlos Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Curitiba, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Pryscilla Fanini Wowk, ; Ana Luiza Pamplona Mosimann,
| | - Pryscilla Fanini Wowk
- Laboratório de Virologia Molecular, Instituto Carlos Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Curitiba, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Pryscilla Fanini Wowk, ; Ana Luiza Pamplona Mosimann,
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11
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Zhang Y, Wang Q, Mackay CR, Ng LG, Kwok I. Neutrophil subsets and their differential roles in viral respiratory diseases. J Leukoc Biol 2022; 111:1159-1173. [PMID: 35040189 PMCID: PMC9015493 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.1mr1221-345r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils play significant roles in immune homeostasis and as neutralizers of microbial infections. Recent evidence further suggests heterogeneity of neutrophil developmental and activation states that exert specialized effector functions during inflammatory disease conditions. Neutrophils can play multiple roles during viral infections, secreting inflammatory mediators and cytokines that contribute significantly to host defense and pathogenicity. However, their roles in viral immunity are not well understood. In this review, we present an overview of neutrophil heterogeneity and its impact on the course and severity of viral respiratory infectious diseases. We focus on the evidence demonstrating the crucial roles neutrophils play in the immune response toward respiratory infections, using influenza as a model. We further extend the understanding of neutrophil function with the studies pertaining to COVID-19 disease and its neutrophil-associated pathologies. Finally, we discuss the relevance of these results for future therapeutic options through targeting and regulating neutrophil-specific responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuning Zhang
- Department of ResearchNational Skin CentreSingaporeSingapore
| | - Quanbo Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong Analysis and Test CenterQilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences)JinanChina
| | - Charles R Mackay
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong Analysis and Test CenterQilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences)JinanChina
- Department of Microbiology, Infection and Immunity ProgramBiomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash UniversityMelbourneAustralia
| | - Lai Guan Ng
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN)A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research)BiopolisSingapore
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental HematologyInstitute of Hematology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical CollegeTianjinChina
- School of Biological SciencesNanyang Technological UniversitySingaporeSingapore
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyImmunology Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Immunology Program, Life Sciences Institute, National University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
- National Cancer Centre SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
| | - Immanuel Kwok
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN)A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research)BiopolisSingapore
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12
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Zhao T, Jiang Q, Li W, Wang Y, Zou Y, Chai X, Yuan Z, Ma L, Yu R, Deng T, Yu C, Wang T. Antigen-Presenting Cell-Like Neutrophils Foster T Cell Response in Hyperlipidemic Patients and Atherosclerotic Mice. Front Immunol 2022; 13:851713. [PMID: 35251050 PMCID: PMC8891125 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.851713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils constitute abundant cellular components in atherosclerotic plaques. Most of the current studies are focused on the roles of granular proteins released by neutrophils in atherosclerosis. Here, we revealed a unique subset of neutrophils which exhibit the characteristics of antigen-presenting cell (APC) (which were called APC-like neutrophils afterwards) in atherosclerosis. The roles of APC-like neutrophils and relevant mechanisms were investigated in hyperlipidemic patients and atherosclerotic mice. Higher percentages of neutrophils and APC-like neutrophils were found in peripheral blood of hyperlipidemic patients than that of healthy donors. Meanwhile, we also identified higher infiltration of neutrophils and APC-like neutrophils in atherosclerotic mice. Ox-LDL induced Phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA)-activated neutrophils to acquire the APC-like phenotype. Importantly, upon over-expression of APC-like markers, neutrophils acquired APC functions to promote the proliferation and interferon-γ production of CD3+ T cells via HLA-DR/CD80/CD86. In accordance with what found in vitro, positive correlation between neutrophils and CD3+ T cells was observed in hyperlipidemic patients. In conclusion, our work identifies a proinflammatory neutrophil subset in both hyperlipidemic patients and atherosclerotic mice. This unique phenotype of neutrophils could activate the adaptive immune response to promote atherosclerosis progression. Thus, this neutrophil subset may be a new target for immunotherapy of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingrui Zhao
- College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolism Research, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Pharmacodynamic Evaluation Engineering Technology Research Center, Chongqing, China
| | - Qingsong Jiang
- College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolism Research, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing, China
| | - Wenming Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, University-Town Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yin Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolism Research, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Pharmacodynamic Evaluation Engineering Technology Research Center, Chongqing, China
| | - Yao Zou
- College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolism Research, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Pharmacodynamic Evaluation Engineering Technology Research Center, Chongqing, China
| | - Xinyu Chai
- College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolism Research, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Pharmacodynamic Evaluation Engineering Technology Research Center, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhiyi Yuan
- College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolism Research, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Pharmacodynamic Evaluation Engineering Technology Research Center, Chongqing, China
| | - Limei Ma
- College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolism Research, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Pharmacodynamic Evaluation Engineering Technology Research Center, Chongqing, China
| | - Ruihong Yu
- College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolism Research, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Pharmacodynamic Evaluation Engineering Technology Research Center, Chongqing, China
| | - Tao Deng
- Research Center of Pharmaceutical Preparations and Nanomedicine, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chao Yu
- College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolism Research, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Pharmacodynamic Evaluation Engineering Technology Research Center, Chongqing, China
| | - Tingting Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolism Research, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Pharmacodynamic Evaluation Engineering Technology Research Center, Chongqing, China
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13
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Wang G, Lv C, Liu C, Shen W. Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio as a potential biomarker in predicting influenza susceptibility. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1003380. [PMID: 36274727 PMCID: PMC9583527 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1003380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human population exposed to influenza viruses exhibited wide variation in susceptibility. The ratio of neutrophils to lymphocytes (NLR) has been examined to be a marker of systemic inflammation. We sought to investigate the relationship between influenza susceptibility and the NLR taken before influenza virus infection. METHODS We investigated blood samples from five independent influenza challenge cohorts prior to influenza inoculation at the cellular level by using digital cytometry. We used multi-cohort gene expression analysis to compare the NLR between the symptomatic infected (SI) and asymptomatic uninfected (AU) subjects. We then used a network analysis approach to identify host factors associated with NLR and influenza susceptibility. RESULTS The baseline NLR was significantly higher in the SI group in both discovery and validation cohorts. The NLR achieved an AUC of 0.724 on the H3N2 data, and 0.736 on the H1N1 data in predicting influenza susceptibility. We identified four key modules that were not only significantly correlated with the baseline NLR, but also differentially expressed between the SI and AU groups. Genes within these four modules were enriched in pathways involved in B cell-mediated immune responses, cellular metabolism, cell cycle, and signal transduction, respectively. CONCLUSIONS This study identified the NLR as a potential biomarker for predicting disease susceptibility to symptomatic influenza. An elevated NLR was detected in susceptible hosts, who may have defects in B cell-mediated immunity or impaired function in cellular metabolism, cell cycle or signal transduction. Our work can serve as a comparative model to provide insights into the COVID-19 susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoyun Wang
- Department of Bioinformatics, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
- Shenzhen Qianhai Shekou Free Trade Zone Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Cheng Lv
- Department of Bioinformatics, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Cheng Liu
- Department of Computer Science, Shantou University, Shantou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, Shantou, China
| | - Wenjun Shen
- Department of Bioinformatics, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, Shantou, China
- *Correspondence: Wenjun Shen
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14
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Kozlovski S, Regev O, Sapoznikov A, Kizner M, Achdout H, Petrovich-Kopitman E, Elkahal J, Addadi Y, Silva Castanheira FVE, Feigelson SW, Kubes P, Erez N, Garbi N, Alon R. ICAMs are dispensable for influenza clearance and anti-viral humoral and cellular immunity. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1041552. [PMID: 36895258 PMCID: PMC9988921 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1041552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
αLβ2 (LFA-1) mediated interactions with ICAM-1 and ICAM-2 predominate leukocyte-vascular interactions, but their functions in extravascular cell-cell communications is still debated. The roles of these two ligands in leukocyte trafficking, lymphocyte differentiation, and immunity to influenza infections were dissected in the present study. Surprisingly, double ICAM-1 and ICAM-2 knock out mice (herein ICAM-1/2-/- mice) infected with a lab adapted H1N1 influenza A virus fully recovered from infection, elicited potent humoral immunity, and generated normal long lasting anti-viral CD8+ T cell memory. Furthermore, lung capillary ICAMs were dispensable for both NK and neutrophil entry to virus infected lungs. Mediastinal lymph nodes (MedLNs) of ICAM-1/2-/- mice poorly recruited naïve T cells and B lymphocytes but elicited normal humoral immunity critical for viral clearance and effective CD8+ differentiation into IFN-γ producing T cells. Furthermore, whereas reduced numbers of virus specific effector CD8+ T cells accumulated inside infected ICAM-1/2-/- lungs, normal virus-specific TRM CD8+ cells were generated inside these lungs and fully protected ICAM-1/2-/- mice from secondary heterosubtypic infections. B lymphocyte entry to the MedLNs and differentiation into extrafollicular plasmablasts, producing high affinity anti-influenza IgG2a antibodies, were also ICAM-1 and ICAM-2 independent. A potent antiviral humoral response was associated with accumulation of hyper-stimulated cDC2s in ICAM null MedLNs and higher numbers of virus-specific T follicular helper (Tfh) cells generated following lung infection. Mice selectively depleted of cDC ICAM-1 expression supported, however, normal CTL and Tfh differentiation following influenza infection, ruling out essential co-stimulatory functions of DC ICAM-1 in CD8+ and CD4+ T cell differentiation. Collectively our findings suggest that lung ICAMs are dispensable for innate leukocyte trafficking to influenza infected lungs, for the generation of peri-epithelial TRM CD8+ cells, and long term anti-viral cellular immunity. In lung draining LNs, although ICAMs promote lymphocyte homing, these key integrin ligands are not required for influenza-specific humoral immunity or generation of IFN-γ effector CD8+ T cells. In conclusion, our findings suggest unexpected compensatory mechanisms that orchestrate protective anti-influenza immunity in the absence of vascular and extravascular ICAMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stav Kozlovski
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ofer Regev
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Anita Sapoznikov
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona, Israel
| | - Marina Kizner
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Hagit Achdout
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona, Israel
| | | | - Jacob Elkahal
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Yoseph Addadi
- Life Sciences Core Facilities, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | | | - Sara W Feigelson
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Paul Kubes
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Noam Erez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona, Israel
| | - Natalio Garbi
- Department of Cellular Immunology, Institute of Experimental Immunology Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Ronen Alon
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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15
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Chan L, Karimi N, Morovati S, Alizadeh K, Kakish JE, Vanderkamp S, Fazel F, Napoleoni C, Alizadeh K, Mehrani Y, Minott JA, Bridle BW, Karimi K. The Roles of Neutrophils in Cytokine Storms. Viruses 2021; 13:v13112318. [PMID: 34835125 PMCID: PMC8624379 DOI: 10.3390/v13112318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A cytokine storm is an abnormal discharge of soluble mediators following an inappropriate inflammatory response that leads to immunopathological events. Cytokine storms can occur after severe infections as well as in non-infectious situations where inflammatory cytokine responses are initiated, then exaggerated, but fail to return to homeostasis. Neutrophils, macrophages, mast cells, and natural killer cells are among the innate leukocytes that contribute to the pathogenesis of cytokine storms. Neutrophils participate as mediators of inflammation and have roles in promoting homeostatic conditions following pathological inflammation. This review highlights the advances in understanding the mechanisms governing neutrophilic inflammation against viral and bacterial pathogens, in cancers, and in autoimmune diseases, and how neutrophils could influence the development of cytokine storm syndromes. Evidence for the destructive potential of neutrophils in their capacity to contribute to the onset of cytokine storm syndromes is presented across a multitude of clinical scenarios. Further, a variety of potential therapeutic strategies that target neutrophils are discussed in the context of suppressing multiple inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lily Chan
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (L.C.); (J.E.K.); (S.V.); (F.F.); (C.N.); (Y.M.); (J.A.M.)
| | - Negar Karimi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad 91779-4897, Iran;
| | - Solmaz Morovati
- Division of Biotechnology, Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz 71557-13876, Iran;
| | - Kasra Alizadeh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA;
| | - Julia E. Kakish
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (L.C.); (J.E.K.); (S.V.); (F.F.); (C.N.); (Y.M.); (J.A.M.)
| | - Sierra Vanderkamp
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (L.C.); (J.E.K.); (S.V.); (F.F.); (C.N.); (Y.M.); (J.A.M.)
| | - Fatemeh Fazel
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (L.C.); (J.E.K.); (S.V.); (F.F.); (C.N.); (Y.M.); (J.A.M.)
| | - Christina Napoleoni
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (L.C.); (J.E.K.); (S.V.); (F.F.); (C.N.); (Y.M.); (J.A.M.)
| | - Kimia Alizadeh
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine & Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA;
| | - Yeganeh Mehrani
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (L.C.); (J.E.K.); (S.V.); (F.F.); (C.N.); (Y.M.); (J.A.M.)
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad 91779-4897, Iran;
| | - Jessica A. Minott
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (L.C.); (J.E.K.); (S.V.); (F.F.); (C.N.); (Y.M.); (J.A.M.)
| | - Byram W. Bridle
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (L.C.); (J.E.K.); (S.V.); (F.F.); (C.N.); (Y.M.); (J.A.M.)
- Correspondence: (B.W.B.); (K.K.); Tel.: +1-519-824-4120 (ext. 54657) (B.W.B.); +1-519-824-4120 (ext. 54668) (K.K.)
| | - Khalil Karimi
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (L.C.); (J.E.K.); (S.V.); (F.F.); (C.N.); (Y.M.); (J.A.M.)
- Correspondence: (B.W.B.); (K.K.); Tel.: +1-519-824-4120 (ext. 54657) (B.W.B.); +1-519-824-4120 (ext. 54668) (K.K.)
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16
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Reactivity of selected markers of innate and adaptive immunity in rabbits experimentally infected with antigenic variants of RHD (Lagovirus europaeus/GI.1a). Vet Res Commun 2021; 46:233-242. [PMID: 34713305 PMCID: PMC8791865 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-021-09851-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Lagovirus europaeus/GI.1 causes a fatal viral condition in rabbits characterized by acute viral hepatitis and disseminated intravascular coagulation. Due to rapid viral and environmental changes variants (Lagovirus europaeus/GI.1a and GI.2) have appeared and few immunological studies were performed. The aim of the study was to determine innate and adaptive immunity parameters in rabbits infected with six Lagovirus europeus/GI.1a viruses. To achieve the goal several methods were used, i.e. cytometry, microscopy, biochemical and cytochemical tests, spectrophotometry. The results show that three immunotypes exists among the studied strains and they differ in innate (mainly) and adaptive immunity, partly depending on hemagglutination. The peak of changes is 24 h post infection in phagocytosis markers of polymorphonuclear cells and CD8+ T cells. Lagovirus europaeus/GI.1a strains differ from Lagovirus europaeus/GI.1 in terms of immunological response based on our previous work concerning the same parameters in immunological response against this disease.
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17
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Current Understanding of the Neutrophil Transcriptome in Health and Disease. Cells 2021; 10:cells10092406. [PMID: 34572056 PMCID: PMC8469435 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are key cells of the innate immune system. It is now understood that this leukocyte population is diverse in both the basal composition and functional plasticity. Underlying this plasticity is a post-translational framework for rapidly achieving early activation states, but also a transcriptional capacity that is becoming increasingly recognized by immunologists. Growing interest in the contribution of neutrophils to health and disease has resulted in more efforts to describe their transcriptional activity. Whilst initial efforts focused predominantly on understanding the existing biology, investigations with advanced methods such as single cell RNA sequencing to understand interactions of the entire immune system are revealing higher flexibility in neutrophil transcription than previously thought possible and multiple transition states. It is now apparent that neutrophils utilise many forms of RNA in the regulation of their function. This review collates current knowledge on the nuclei structure and gene expression activity of human neutrophils across homeostasis and disease, before highlighting knowledge gaps that are research priority areas.
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18
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Ma Y, Zhang Y, Zhu L. Role of neutrophils in acute viral infection. IMMUNITY INFLAMMATION AND DISEASE 2021; 9:1186-1196. [PMID: 34472718 PMCID: PMC8589350 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophils play multiple roles in acute viral infections. They restrict viral replication and diffusion through phagocytosis, degranulation, respiratory burst, secretion of cytokines, and the release of neutrophil extracellular traps, as well as, activate the adaptive immune response. However, the overactivation of neutrophils may cause tissue damage and lead to poor outcomes. Additionally, some characteristics and functions of neutrophils, such as cell number, lifespan, and antiviral capability, can be influenced while eliminating viruses. This review provides a general description of the protective and pathological roles of neutrophils in acute viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Ma
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Peking University Ditan Teaching Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Liuluan Zhu
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Peking University Ditan Teaching Hospital, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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19
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Hsu KS, Goodale BC, Ely KH, Hampton TH, Stanton BA, Enelow RI. Single-cell RNA-seq Analysis Reveals That Prenatal Arsenic Exposure Results in Long-term, Adverse Effects on Immune Gene Expression in Response to Influenza A Infection. Toxicol Sci 2021; 176:312-328. [PMID: 32514536 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfaa080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Arsenic exposure via drinking water is a serious environmental health concern. Epidemiological studies suggest a strong association between prenatal arsenic exposure and subsequent childhood respiratory infections, as well as morbidity from respiratory diseases in adulthood, long after systemic clearance of arsenic. We investigated the impact of exclusive prenatal arsenic exposure on the inflammatory immune response and respiratory health after an adult influenza A virus (IAV) lung infection. C57BL/6J mice were exposed to 100 ppb sodium arsenite in utero, and subsequently infected with IAV (H1N1) after maturation to adulthood. Assessment of lung tissue and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid at various time points post-IAV infection reveals greater lung damage and inflammation in arsenic-exposed mice versus control mice. Single-cell RNA sequencing analysis of immune cells harvested from IAV-infected lungs suggests that the enhanced inflammatory response is mediated by dysregulation of innate immune function of monocyte-derived macrophages, neutrophils, natural killer cells, and alveolar macrophages. Our results suggest that prenatal arsenic exposure results in lasting effects on the adult host innate immune response to IAV infection, long after exposure to arsenic, leading to greater immunopathology. This study provides the first direct evidence that exclusive prenatal exposure to arsenic in drinking water causes predisposition to a hyperinflammatory response to IAV infection in adult mice, which is associated with significant lung damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin S Hsu
- Guarini School of Graduate and Advanced Studies at Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Lebanon, New Hampshire 03766
| | - Britton C Goodale
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Lebanon, New Hampshire 03766.,Dartmouth Toxic Metals Superfund Research Program, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755
| | - Kenneth H Ely
- Department of Medicine, Dartmouth-Hitchcock, Lebanon, New Hampshire 03766
| | - Thomas H Hampton
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Lebanon, New Hampshire 03766
| | - Bruce A Stanton
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Lebanon, New Hampshire 03766.,Dartmouth Toxic Metals Superfund Research Program, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755
| | - Richard I Enelow
- Guarini School of Graduate and Advanced Studies at Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Lebanon, New Hampshire 03766.,Dartmouth Toxic Metals Superfund Research Program, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755.,Department of Medicine, Dartmouth-Hitchcock, Lebanon, New Hampshire 03766
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20
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Stegelmeier AA, Darzianiazizi M, Hanada K, Sharif S, Wootton SK, Bridle BW, Karimi K. Type I Interferon-Mediated Regulation of Antiviral Capabilities of Neutrophils. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:4726. [PMID: 33946935 PMCID: PMC8125486 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Interferons (IFNs) are induced by viruses and are the main regulators of the host antiviral response. They balance tissue tolerance and immune resistance against viral challenges. Like all cells in the human body, neutrophils possess the receptors for IFNs and contribute to antiviral host defense. To combat viruses, neutrophils utilize various mechanisms, such as viral sensing, neutrophil extracellular trap formation, and antigen presentation. These mechanisms have also been linked to tissue damage during viral infection and inflammation. In this review, we presented evidence that a complex cross-regulatory talk between IFNs and neutrophils initiates appropriate antiviral immune responses and regulates them to minimize tissue damage. We also explored recent exciting research elucidating the interactions between IFNs, neutrophils, and severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2, as an example of neutrophil and IFN cross-regulatory talk. Dissecting the IFN-neutrophil paradigm is needed for well-balanced antiviral therapeutics and development of novel treatments against many major epidemic or pandemic viral infections, including the ongoing pandemic of the coronavirus disease that emerged in 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Byram W. Bridle
- Correspondence: (B.W.B.); (K.K.); Tel.: +1-(519)-824-4120 (ext. 54657) (B.W.B.); +1-(519)-824-4120 (ext. 54668) (K.K.)
| | - Khalil Karimi
- Correspondence: (B.W.B.); (K.K.); Tel.: +1-(519)-824-4120 (ext. 54657) (B.W.B.); +1-(519)-824-4120 (ext. 54668) (K.K.)
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21
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Minns D, Smith KJ, Hardisty G, Rossi AG, Gwyer Findlay E. The Outcome of Neutrophil-T Cell Contact Differs Depending on Activation Status of Both Cell Types. Front Immunol 2021; 12:633486. [PMID: 33859639 PMCID: PMC8042376 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.633486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils and T cells exist in close proximity in lymph nodes and inflamed tissues during health and disease. They are able to form stable interactions, with profound effects on the phenotype and function of the T cells. However, the outcome of these effects are frequently contradictory; in some systems neutrophils suppress T cell proliferation, in others they are activatory or present antigen directly. Published protocols modelling these interactions in vitro do not reflect the full range of interactions found in vivo; they do not examine how activated and naïve T cells differentially respond to neutrophils, or whether de-granulating or resting neutrophils induce different outcomes. Here, we established a culture protocol to ask these questions with human T cells and autologous neutrophils. We find that resting neutrophils suppress T cell proliferation, activation and cytokine production but that de-granulating neutrophils do not, and neutrophil-released intracellular contents enhance proliferation. Strikingly, we also demonstrate that T cells early in the activation process are susceptible to suppression by neutrophils, while later-stage T cells are not, and naïve T cells do not respond at all. Our protocol therefore allows nuanced analysis of the outcome of interaction of these cells and may explain the contradictory results observed previously.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Emily Gwyer Findlay
- Centre for Inflammation Research, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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22
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Hsieh IN, White M, Hoeksema M, Deluna X, Hartshorn K. Histone H4 potentiates neutrophil inflammatory responses to influenza A virus: Down-modulation by H4 binding to C-reactive protein and Surfactant protein D. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0247605. [PMID: 33635872 PMCID: PMC7909658 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0247605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils participate in the early phase of the innate response to uncomplicated influenza A virus (IAV) infection but also are a major component in later stages of severe IAV or COVID 19 infection where neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) and associated cell free histones are highly pro-inflammatory. It is likely that IAV interacts with histones during infection. We show that histone H4 binds to IAV and aggregates viral particles. In addition, histone H4 markedly potentiates IAV induced neutrophil respiratory burst responses. Prior studies have shown reactive oxidants to be detrimental during severe IAV infection. C reactive protein (CRP) and surfactant protein D (SP-D) rise during IAV infection. We now show that both of these innate immune proteins bind to histone H4 and significantly down regulate respiratory burst and other responses to histone H4. Isolated constructs composed only of the neck and carbohydrate recognition domain of SP-D also bind to histone H4 and partially limit neutrophil responses to it. These studies indicate that complexes formed of histones and IAV are a potent neutrophil activating stimulus. This finding could account for excess inflammation during IAV or other severe viral infections. The ability of CRP and SP-D to bind to histone H4 may be part of a protective response against excessive inflammation in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Ni Hsieh
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology Oncology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Mitchell White
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology Oncology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | | | - Xavier Deluna
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology Oncology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Kevan Hartshorn
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology Oncology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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23
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The neutrophil antimicrobial peptide cathelicidin promotes Th17 differentiation. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1285. [PMID: 33627652 PMCID: PMC7904761 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21533-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The host defence peptide cathelicidin (LL-37 in humans, mCRAMP in mice) is released from neutrophils by de-granulation, NETosis and necrotic death; it has potent anti-pathogen activity as well as being a broad immunomodulator. Here we report that cathelicidin is a powerful Th17 potentiator which enhances aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) and RORγt expression, in a TGF-β1-dependent manner. In the presence of TGF-β1, cathelicidin enhanced SMAD2/3 and STAT3 phosphorylation, and profoundly suppressed IL-2 and T-bet, directing T cells away from Th1 and into a Th17 phenotype. Strikingly, Th17, but not Th1, cells were protected from apoptosis by cathelicidin. We show that cathelicidin is released by neutrophils in mouse lymph nodes and that cathelicidin-deficient mice display suppressed Th17 responses during inflammation, but not at steady state. We propose that the neutrophil cathelicidin is required for maximal Th17 differentiation, and that this is one method by which early neutrophilia directs subsequent adaptive immune responses.
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24
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Li X, Rong L, Zhang P, Xu J, Rong Y. Significance of nucleic acid positive anal swab in COVID-19 patients. Open Med (Wars) 2021. [DOI: 10.1515/med-2021-0236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Aim
We compared the clinical characteristics of patients with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) positive and negative anal swabs during coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) recovery and investigated the clinical significance and influence factors of anal swab detection.
Methods
This study retrospectively analyzed 23 moderate COVID-19 patients in the recovery phase. They were divided into anal swab positive group (n = 13) (negative for pharyngeal swabs but positive for anal swabs) and anal swab negative group (n = 10) (negative for pharyngeal and anal swabs). The epidemiology, clinical symptoms, time of pharyngeal swabs turning negative, and laboratory results were compared.
Results
The time of pharyngeal swabs turning negative in the anal swab positive group was 6 (5–8.5) days, significantly longer than that in the anal swab negative group (1 (1–4.25) days), P = 0.0002). The platelet count of the anal swab positive group was significantly lower than that of the anal swab negative group (198 (135–235) × 109/L vs 240.5 (227–264.75) × 109/L, P = 0.0248). No significant difference was observed between the two groups in other variables.
Conclusions
The time of pharyngeal swab turning negative in anal swab positive patients is longer than that in anal swab negative patients. The platelet count can be used as an indicator for viral infection evaluation. For patients with a longer time of pharyngeal swabs turning negative, the combined testing of the anal swab and platelet counts may help to avoid pharyngeal swab false negatives, premature discharge, and the possibility of fecal-oral transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University , No 1333, Xinhu Road, Baoan District , Shenzhen 518101 , China
| | - Lei Rong
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University , No 1333, Xinhu Road, Baoan District , Shenzhen 518101 , China
| | - Peiyan Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Third People’s Hospital, Second Hospital Affiliated to Southern University of science and Technology , Shenzhen 518000 , China
| | - Jian Xu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University , No 1333, Xinhu Road, Baoan District , Shenzhen 518101 , China
| | - Yan Rong
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University , No 1333, Xinhu Road, Baoan District , Shenzhen 518101 , China
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25
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Tahamtan A, Besteman S, Samadizadeh S, Rastegar M, Bont L, Salimi V. Neutrophils in respiratory syncytial virus infection: From harmful effects to therapeutic opportunities. Br J Pharmacol 2020; 178:515-530. [PMID: 33169387 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is an important infectious agent in infants and young children. In most cases, RSV infection only causes mild disease, but in some, it requires invasive ventilation. Although antiviral drugs are obvious candidates to treat viral illness, and some have shown antiviral effects in humans, antivirals such as GS-5806, ALX-0171 and ALS-8176 have not yet met their expectations. Since the inappropriate or dysregulated immune response against RSV leads to harmful immune pathology, a robust immune cascade is probably underway by the time patients reach the hospital. RSV infection is associated with a strong neutrophil influx into the airway. It not clear if these cells contribute to antiviral defence or to lung pathology. This article discusses the protective and harmful roles of neutrophils during RSV infection and provides an overview of mechanisms by which neutrophil function could be targeted to prevent tissue injury and preserve homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Tahamtan
- Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran.,Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Sjanna Besteman
- Department of Paediatrics, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Center for Translation Immunology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Saeed Samadizadeh
- Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran.,Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Mostafa Rastegar
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Louis Bont
- Department of Paediatrics, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Vahid Salimi
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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26
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COVID-19 and Neutrophils: The Relationship between Hyperinflammation and Neutrophil Extracellular Traps. Mediators Inflamm 2020; 2020:8829674. [PMID: 33343232 PMCID: PMC7732408 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8829674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a virus-induced respiratory disease that may progress to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and is triggered by immunopathological mechanisms that cause excessive inflammation and leukocyte dysfunction. Neutrophils play a critical function in the clearance of bacteria with specific mechanisms to combat viruses. The aim of this review is to highlight the current advances in the pathways of neutrophilic inflammation against viral infection over the past ten years, focusing on the production of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) and its impact on severe lung diseases, such as COVID-19. We focused on studies regarding hyperinflammation, cytokine storms, neutrophil function, and viral infections. We discuss how the neutrophil's role could influence COVID-19 symptoms in the interaction between hyperinflammation (overproduction of NETs and cytokines) and the clearance function of neutrophils to eliminate the viral infection. We also propose a more in-depth investigation into the neutrophil response mechanism targeting NETosis in the different phases of COVID-19.
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27
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Li X, Rong Y, Zhang P, Wang J, Qie L, Rong L, Xu J. Differences in Clinical Features and Laboratory Results between Adults and Children with SARS-CoV-2 Infection. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:6342598. [PMID: 33294449 PMCID: PMC7712632 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6342598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in children accounts for a small proportion of all infections and is usually mild or asymptomatic. There are few studies on the clinical characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 infection in children, and the causes of the low prevalence in children remain unclear. Herein, we compared the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 infection between adults and children. Fifty-two patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) were retrospectively analyzed, including 38 adults and 14 children. Their clinical information such as epidemiological exposure history, laboratory indicators, chest computed tomography (CT) performance, and number of SARS-CoV-2 positive days were analyzed and compared. In children, 5 (35.71%) had mild COVID-19 and 9 (64.29%) had common type, while, in adults, 9 (23.68%) cases were mild, and 29 (76.32%) were common COVID-19. Among them, family clustering infection accounted for 50% (7/14) of child cases and 23.68% (9/36) of adult cases. Epidemiological exposure history, clinical classification, clinical symptoms, chest CT manifestations, and number of SARS-CoV-2-positive days were not significantly different between children and adults. However, the percentage of neutrophils in adults was significantly higher than that in children (P < 0.05). The percentage and absolute value of lymphocytes, platelet counts, aspartate aminotransferase, and aspartate aminotransferase/alanine aminotransferase in adults were lower than those in children (P < 0.05). Conclusively, children infected with SARS-CoV-2 show the characteristics of family clustering, and the proportion of mild and asymptomatic infections is higher. For families with a history of epidemiological exposure, routine SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid testing and chest CT examination should be performed in asymptomatic children to determine whether they are infected. Unlike adults, although the reduction of lymphocytes and platelets in children is not common, it is necessary to be alert to the increased risk of liver damage in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen 518101, China
| | - Yan Rong
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen 518101, China
| | - Peiyan Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Second Hospital Affiliated to Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Junli Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen 518101, China
| | - Liping Qie
- Department of Pediatrics, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen 518101, China
| | - Lei Rong
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen 518101, China
| | - Jian Xu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen 518101, China
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28
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White MR, Hsieh IN, De Luna X, Hartshorn KL. Effects of serum amyloid protein A on influenza A virus replication and viral interactions with neutrophils. J Leukoc Biol 2020; 110:155-166. [PMID: 33205458 PMCID: PMC7753654 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.4ab0220-116rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Innate immunity is vital for the early control of influenza A virus (IAV) infection. Serum amyloid A (SAA1) is an acute phase reactant produced in the liver and lung that rises dramatically during IAV infection. The potential role of SAA1 in host defense against IAV is unknown. SAA1 has been reported to directly activate neutrophils and to recruit them to the lung during infectious and inflammatory processes. Neutrophils are the most abundant cell recruited to the lung in the early phase of IAV infection. There are different forms and preparations of SAA1 that have found to have different effects on phagocyte responses, through various receptors. In this paper, we test the direct effects of various preparations of serum derived or recombinant SAA on IAV and how it modulates the interactions of IAV with neutrophils. All SAA preparations bound to IAV in vitro but caused minimal hemagglutination inhibition or viral aggregation. The human serum‐derived SAA1 or the complex of SAA1 with HDL did have IAV neutralizing activity in vitro, whereas the recombinant SAA1 preparations did not. We found that different SAA preparations also had markedly different effects on neutrophil functions, with E. coli‐derived SAA1 triggering some responses in neutrophils on its own or in presence of IAV whereas mammalian cell‐derived SAA1 did not. This discrepancy could be explained by the reported contamination of the former preparation with bacterial components. Of interest, however, serum SAA alone, serum SAA complexed with HDL, or HDL alone potentiated some neutrophil responses to IAV. Our results suggest that SAA may play some role in host response to IAV, but further work needs to be done to clarify the role of different variants of SAA alone or complexed with HDL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell R White
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - I-Ni Hsieh
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Xavier De Luna
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kevan L Hartshorn
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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29
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Sabbaghi A, Miri SM, Keshavarz M, Mahooti M, Zebardast A, Ghaemi A. Role of γδ T cells in controlling viral infections with a focus on influenza virus: implications for designing novel therapeutic approaches. Virol J 2020; 17:174. [PMID: 33183352 PMCID: PMC7659406 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-020-01449-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Influenza virus infection is among the most detrimental threats to the health of humans and some animals, infecting millions of people annually all around the world and in many thousands of cases giving rise to pneumonia and death. All those health crises happen despite previous and recent developments in anti-influenza vaccination, suggesting the need for employing more sophisticated methods to control this malign infection. Main body The innate immunity modules are at the forefront of combating against influenza infection in the respiratory tract, among which, innate T cells, particularly gamma-delta (γδ) T cells, play a critical role in filling the gap needed for adaptive immune cells maturation, linking the innate and adaptive immunity together. Upon infection with influenza virus, production of cytokines and chemokines including CCL3, CCL4, and CCL5 from respiratory epithelium recruits γδ T cells at the site of infection in a CCR5 receptor-dependent fashion. Next, γδ T cells become activated in response to influenza virus infection and produce large amounts of proinflammatory cytokines, especially IL-17A. Regardless of γδ T cells' roles in triggering the adaptive arm of the immune system, they also protect the respiratory epithelium by cytolytic and non-cytolytic antiviral mechanisms, as well as by enhancing neutrophils and natural killer cells recruitment to the infection site. CONCLUSION In this review, we explored varied strategies of γδ T cells in defense to influenza virus infection and how they can potentially provide balanced protective immune responses against infected cells. The results may provide a potential window for the incorporation of intact or engineered γδ T cells for developing novel antiviral approaches or for immunotherapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ailar Sabbaghi
- Department of Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses, Pasteur Institute of Iran, P.O. Box 1316943551, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Miri
- Department of Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses, Pasteur Institute of Iran, P.O. Box 1316943551, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Keshavarz
- The Persian Gulf Tropical Medicine Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Mehran Mahooti
- Department of Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses, Pasteur Institute of Iran, P.O. Box 1316943551, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arghavan Zebardast
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Ghaemi
- Department of Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses, Pasteur Institute of Iran, P.O. Box 1316943551, Tehran, Iran.
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30
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Ustyanovska Avtenyuk N, Visser N, Bremer E, Wiersma VR. The Neutrophil: The Underdog That Packs a Punch in the Fight against Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E7820. [PMID: 33105656 PMCID: PMC7659937 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21217820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The advent of immunotherapy has had a major impact on the outcome and overall survival in many types of cancer. Current immunotherapeutic strategies typically aim to (re)activate anticancer T cell immunity, although the targeting of macrophage-mediated anticancer innate immunity has also emerged in recent years. Neutrophils, although comprising ≈ 60% of all white blood cells in the circulation, are still largely overlooked in this respect. Nevertheless, neutrophils have evident anticancer activity and can induce phagocytosis, trogocytosis, as well as the direct cytotoxic elimination of cancer cells. Furthermore, therapeutic tumor-targeting monoclonal antibodies trigger anticancer immune responses through all innate Fc-receptor expressing cells, including neutrophils. Indeed, the depletion of neutrophils strongly reduced the efficacy of monoclonal antibody treatment and increased tumor progression in various preclinical studies. In addition, the infusion of neutrophils in murine cancer models reduced tumor progression. However, evidence on the anticancer effects of neutrophils is fragmentary and mostly obtained in in vitro assays or murine models with reports on anticancer neutrophil activity in humans lagging behind. In this review, we aim to give an overview of the available knowledge of anticancer activity by neutrophils. Furthermore, we will describe strategies being explored for the therapeutic activation of anticancer neutrophil activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Edwin Bremer
- Department of Hematology, Cancer Research Center Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1/DA13, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (N.U.A.); (N.V.)
| | - Valerie R. Wiersma
- Department of Hematology, Cancer Research Center Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1/DA13, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (N.U.A.); (N.V.)
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31
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Hartshorn KL. Innate Immunity and Influenza A Virus Pathogenesis: Lessons for COVID-19. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:563850. [PMID: 33194802 PMCID: PMC7642997 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.563850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
There is abundant evidence that the innate immune response to influenza A virus (IAV) is highly complex and plays a key role in protection against IAV induced infection and illness. Unfortunately it also clear that aspects of innate immunity can lead to severe morbidity or mortality from IAV, including inflammatory lung injury, bacterial superinfection, and exacerbation of reactive airways disease. We review broadly the virus and host factors that result in adverse outcomes from IAV and show evidence that inflammatory responses can become damaging even apart from changes in viral replication per se, with special focus on the positive and adverse effects of neutrophils and monocytes. We then evaluate in detail the role of soluble innate inhibitors including surfactant protein D and antimicrobial peptides that have a potential dual capacity for down-regulating viral replication and also inhibiting excessive inflammatory responses and how these innate host factors could possibly be harnessed to treat IAV infection. Where appropriate we draw comparisons and contrasts the SARS-CoV viruses and IAV in an effort to point out where the extensive knowledge existing regarding severe IAV infection could help guide research into severe COVID 19 illness or vice versa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevan L Hartshorn
- Section of Hematology Oncology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
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32
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Habibi MS, Thwaites RS, Chang M, Jozwik A, Paras A, Kirsebom F, Varese A, Owen A, Cuthbertson L, James P, Tunstall T, Nickle D, Hansel TT, Moffatt MF, Johansson C, Chiu C, Openshaw PJM. Neutrophilic inflammation in the respiratory mucosa predisposes to RSV infection. Science 2020; 370:eaba9301. [PMID: 33033192 PMCID: PMC7613218 DOI: 10.1126/science.aba9301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The variable outcome of viral exposure is only partially explained by known factors. We administered respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) to 58 volunteers, of whom 57% became infected. Mucosal neutrophil activation before exposure was highly predictive of symptomatic RSV disease. This was associated with a rapid, presymptomatic decline in mucosal interleukin-17A (IL-17A) and other mediators. Conversely, those who resisted infection showed presymptomatic activation of IL-17- and tumor necrosis factor-related pathways. Vulnerability to infection was not associated with baseline microbiome but was reproduced in mice by preinfection chemokine-driven airway recruitment of neutrophils, which caused enhanced disease mediated by pulmonary CD8+ T cell infiltration. Thus, mucosal neutrophilic inflammation at the time of RSV exposure enhances susceptibility, revealing dynamic, time-dependent local immune responses before symptom onset and explaining the as-yet unpredictable outcomes of pathogen exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ryan S Thwaites
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - Agnieszka Jozwik
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Allan Paras
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Freja Kirsebom
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Augusto Varese
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Amber Owen
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Leah Cuthbertson
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Phillip James
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - David Nickle
- Genetics & Pharmacogenomics, Department of Translational Medicine, Merck & Co., Inc., Boston, MA, USA
| | - Trevor T Hansel
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Miriam F Moffatt
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Cecilia Johansson
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK.
| | - Christopher Chiu
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, UK.
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33
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Abstract
COVID-19 is often related to hyperinflammation that drives lung or multiorgan injury. The immunopathological mechanisms that cause excessive inflammation are under investigation and constantly updated. Here, a gene network approach was used on recently published data sets to identify possible COVID-19 inflammatory mechanisms and bioactive genes. First, network analysis of putative SARS-CoV-2 cellular receptors led to the mining of a neutrophil-response signature and relevant inflammatory genes. Second, analysis of RNA-seq data sets of lung cells infected with SARS-CoV-2 revealed that infected cells expressed neutrophil-attracting chemokines. COVID-19 is often related to hyperinflammation that drives lung or multiorgan injury. The immunopathological mechanisms that cause excessive inflammation are under investigation and constantly updated. Here, a gene network approach was used on recently published data sets to identify possible COVID-19 inflammatory mechanisms and bioactive genes. First, network analysis of putative SARS-CoV-2 cellular receptors led to the mining of a neutrophil-response signature and relevant inflammatory genes. Second, analysis of RNA-seq data sets of lung cells infected with SARS-CoV-2 revealed that infected cells expressed neutrophil-attracting chemokines. Third, analysis of RNA-seq data sets of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid cells from COVID-19 patients identified upregulation of neutrophil genes and chemokines. Different inflammatory genes mined here, including TNFR, IL-8, CXCR1, CXCR2, ADAM10, GPR84, MME, ANPEP, and LAP3, might be druggable targets in efforts to limit SARS-CoV-2 inflammation in severe clinical cases. The possible role of neutrophils in COVID-19 inflammation needs to be studied further.
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34
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Thakur A, Pinto FE, Hansen HS, Andersen P, Christensen D, Janfelt C, Foged C. Intrapulmonary (i.pulmon.) Pull Immunization With the Tuberculosis Subunit Vaccine Candidate H56/CAF01 After Intramuscular (i.m.) Priming Elicits a Distinct Innate Myeloid Response and Activation of Antigen-Presenting Cells Than i.m. or i.pulmon. Prime Immunization Alone. Front Immunol 2020; 11:803. [PMID: 32457748 PMCID: PMC7221191 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the in vivo fate of vaccine antigens and adjuvants and their safety is crucial for the rational design of mucosal subunit vaccines. Prime and pull vaccination using the T helper 17-inducing adjuvant CAF01 administered parenterally and mucosally, respectively, has previously been suggested as a promising strategy to redirect immunity to mucosal tissues. Recently, we reported a promising tuberculosis (TB) vaccination strategy comprising of parenteral priming followed by intrapulmonary (i.pulmon.) mucosal pull immunization with the TB subunit vaccine candidate H56/CAF01, which resulted in the induction of lung-localized, H56-specific T cells and systemic as well as lung mucosal IgA responses. Here, we investigate the uptake of H56/CAF01 by mucosal and systemic innate myeloid cells, antigen-presenting cells (APCs), lung epithelial cells and endothelial cells in mice after parenteral prime combined with i.pulmon. pull immunization, and after parenteral or i.pulmon. prime immunization alone. We find that i.pulmon. pull immunization of mice with H56/CAF01, which are parenterally primed with H56/CAF01, substantially enhances vaccine uptake and presentation by pulmonary and splenic APCs, pulmonary endothelial cells and type I epithelial cells and induces stronger activation of dendritic cells in the lung-draining lymph nodes, compared with parenteral immunization alone, which suggests activation of both innate and memory responses. Using mass spectrometry imaging of lipid biomarkers, we further show that (i) airway mucosal immunization with H56/CAF01 neither induces apparent local tissue damage nor inflammation in the lungs, and (ii) the presence of CAF01 is accompanied by evidence of an altered phagocytic activity in alveolar macrophages, evident from co-localization of CAF01 with the biomarker bis(monoacylglycero)phosphate, which is expressed in the late endosomes and lysosomes of phagocytosing macrophages. Hence, our data demonstrate that innate myeloid responses differ after one and two immunizations, respectively, and the priming route and boosting route individually affect this outcome. These findings may have important implications for the design of mucosal vaccines intended for safe administration in the airways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneesh Thakur
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Harald Severin Hansen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter Andersen
- Department of Infectious Disease Immunology, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Dennis Christensen
- Department of Infectious Disease Immunology, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian Janfelt
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Camilla Foged
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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35
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Meilleur CE, Memarnejadian A, Shivji AN, Benoit JM, Tuffs SW, Mele TS, Singh B, Dikeakos JD, Topham DJ, Mu HH, Bennink JR, McCormick JK, Haeryfar SMM. Discordant rearrangement of primary and anamnestic CD8+ T cell responses to influenza A viral epitopes upon exposure to bacterial superantigens: Implications for prophylactic vaccination, heterosubtypic immunity and superinfections. PLoS Pathog 2020; 16:e1008393. [PMID: 32433711 PMCID: PMC7239382 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Infection with (SAg)-producing bacteria may precede or follow infection with or vaccination against influenza A viruses (IAVs). However, how SAgs alter the breadth of IAV-specific CD8+ T cell (TCD8) responses is unknown. Moreover, whether recall responses mediating heterosubtypic immunity to IAVs are manipulated by SAgs remains unexplored. We employed wild-type (WT) and mutant bacterial SAgs, SAg-sufficient/deficient Staphylococcus aureus strains, and WT, mouse-adapted and reassortant IAV strains in multiple in vivo settings to address the above questions. Contrary to the popular view that SAgs delete or anergize T cells, systemic administration of staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) or Mycoplasma arthritidis mitogen before intraperitoneal IAV immunization enlarged the clonal size of ‘select’ IAV-specific TCD8 and reshuffled the hierarchical pattern of primary TCD8 responses. This was mechanistically linked to the TCR Vβ makeup of the impacted clones rather than their immunodominance status. Importantly, SAg-expanded TCD8 retained their IFN-γ production and cognate cytolytic capacities. The enhancing effect of SEB on immunodominant TCD8 was also evident in primary responses to vaccination with heat-inactivated and live attenuated IAV strains administered intramuscularly and intranasally, respectively. Interestingly, in prime-boost immunization settings, the outcome of SEB administration depended strictly upon the time point at which this SAg was introduced. Accordingly, SEB injection before priming raised CD127highKLRG1low memory precursor frequencies and augmented the anamnestic responses of SEB-binding TCD8. By comparison, introducing SEB before boosting diminished recall responses to IAV-derived epitopes drastically and indiscriminately. This was accompanied by lower Ki67 and higher Fas, LAG-3 and PD-1 levels consistent with a pro-apoptotic and/or exhausted phenotype. Therefore, SAgs can have contrasting impacts on anti-IAV immunity depending on the naïve/memory status and the TCR composition of exposed TCD8. Finally, local administration of SEB or infection with SEB-producing S. aureus enhanced pulmonary TCD8 responses to IAV. Our findings have clear implications for superinfections and prophylactic vaccination. Exposure to bacterial superantigens (SAgs) is often a consequence of infection with common Gram-positive bacteria causing septic and toxic shock or food poisoning. How SAgs affect the magnitude, breadth and quality of infection/vaccine-elicited CD8+ T cell (TCD8) responses to respiratory viral pathogens, including influenza A viruses (IAVs), is far from clear. Also importantly, superinfections with IAVs and SAg-producing bacteria are serious clinical occurrences during seasonal and pandemic flu and require urgent attention. We demonstrate that two structurally distinct SAgs, including staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB), unexpectedly enhance primary TCD8 responses to ‘select’ IAV-derived epitopes depending on the TCR makeup of the responding clones. Intriguingly, the timing of exposure to SEB dictates the outcome of prime-boost immunization. Seeing a SAg before priming raises memory precursor frequencies and augments anamnestic TCD8 responses. Conversely, a SAg encounter before boosting renders TCD8 prone to death or exhaustion and impedes recall responses, thus likely compromising heterosubtypic immunity to IAVs. Finally, local exposure to SEB increases the pulmonary response of immunodominant IAV-specific TCD8. These findings shed new light on how bacterial infections and SAgs influence the effectiveness of anti-IAV TCD8 responses, and have, as such, wide-ranging implications for preventative vaccination and infection control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney E. Meilleur
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Arash Memarnejadian
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Adil N. Shivji
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jenna M. Benoit
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stephen W. Tuffs
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tina S. Mele
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bhagirath Singh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
- Centre for Human Immunology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jimmy D. Dikeakos
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - David J. Topham
- David H. Smith Center for Vaccine Biology and Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Hong-Hua Mu
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Jack R. Bennink
- Viral Immunology Section, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - John K. McCormick
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
- Centre for Human Immunology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - S. M. Mansour Haeryfar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
- Centre for Human Immunology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Clinical Immunology & Allergy, Department of Medicine, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail:
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36
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Glucosylceramide synthase maintains influenza virus entry and infection. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0228735. [PMID: 32032363 PMCID: PMC7006932 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0228735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza virus is an enveloped virus wrapped in a lipid bilayer derived from the host cell plasma membrane. Infection by influenza virus is dependent on these host cell lipids, which include sphingolipids. Here we examined the role of the sphingolipid, glucosylceramide, in influenza virus infection by knocking out the enzyme responsible for its synthesis, glucosylceramide synthase (UGCG). We observed diminished influenza virus infection in HEK 293 and A549 UGCG knockout cells and demonstrated that this is attributed to impaired viral entry. We also observed that entry mediated by the glycoproteins of other enveloped viruses that enter cells by endocytosis is also impaired in UGCG knockout cells, suggesting a broader role for UGCG in viral entry by endocytosis.
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37
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Pizzagalli DU, Latino I, Pulfer A, Palomino-Segura M, Virgilio T, Farsakoglu Y, Krause R, Gonzalez SF. Characterization of the Dynamic Behavior of Neutrophils Following Influenza Vaccination. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2621. [PMID: 31824481 PMCID: PMC6881817 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are amongst the first cells to respond to inflammation and infection. Although they play a key role in limiting the dissemination of pathogens, the study of their dynamic behavior in immune organs remains elusive. In this work, we characterized in vivo the dynamic behavior of neutrophils in the mouse popliteal lymph node (PLN) after influenza vaccination with UV-inactivated virus. To achieve this, we used an image-based systems biology approach to detect the motility patterns of neutrophils and to associate them to distinct actions. We described a prominent and rapid recruitment of neutrophils to the PLN following vaccination, which was dependent on the secretion of the chemokine CXCL1 and the alarmin molecule IL-1α. In addition, we observed that the initial recruitment occurred mainly via high endothelial venules located in the paracortical and interfollicular regions of the PLN. The analysis of the spatial-temporal patterns of neutrophil migration demonstrated that, in the initial stage, the majority of neutrophils displayed a patrolling behavior, followed by the formation of swarms in the subcapsular sinus of the PLN, which were associated with macrophages in this compartment. Finally, we observed using multiple imaging techniques, that neutrophils phagocytize and transport influenza virus particles. These processes might have important implications in the capacity of these cells to present viral antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Ulisse Pizzagalli
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland
- Institute of Computational Science, Università della Svizzera italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Irene Latino
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Alain Pulfer
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Miguel Palomino-Segura
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Tommaso Virgilio
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | | | - Rolf Krause
- Institute of Computational Science, Università della Svizzera italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Santiago F. Gonzalez
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland
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38
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The Role of Innate Leukocytes during Influenza Virus Infection. J Immunol Res 2019; 2019:8028725. [PMID: 31612153 PMCID: PMC6757286 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8028725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Influenza virus infection is a serious threat to humans and animals, with the potential to cause severe pneumonia and death. Annual vaccination strategies are a mainstay to prevent complications related to influenza. However, protection from the emerging subtypes of influenza A viruses (IAV) even in vaccinated individuals is challenging. Innate immune cells are the first cells to respond to IAV infection in the respiratory tract. Virus replication-induced production of cytokines from airway epithelium recruits innate immune cells to the site of infection. These leukocytes, namely, neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells, eosinophils, natural killer cells, innate lymphoid cells, and γδ T cells, become activated in response to IAV, to contain the virus and protect the airway epithelium while triggering the adaptive arm of the immune system. This review addresses different anti-influenza virus schemes of innate immune cells and how these cells fine-tune the balance between immunoprotection and immunopathology during IAV infection. Detailed understanding on how these innate responders execute anti-influenza activity will help to identify novel therapeutic targets to halt IAV replication and associated immunopathology.
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39
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Tang BM, Shojaei M, Teoh S, Meyers A, Ho J, Ball TB, Keynan Y, Pisipati A, Kumar A, Eisen DP, Lai K, Gillett M, Santram R, Geffers R, Schreiber J, Mozhui K, Huang S, Parnell GP, Nalos M, Holubova M, Chew T, Booth D, Kumar A, McLean A, Schughart K. Neutrophils-related host factors associated with severe disease and fatality in patients with influenza infection. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3422. [PMID: 31366921 PMCID: PMC6668409 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11249-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe influenza infection has no effective treatment available. One of the key barriers to developing host-directed therapy is a lack of reliable prognostic factors needed to guide such therapy. Here, we use a network analysis approach to identify host factors associated with severe influenza and fatal outcome. In influenza patients with moderate-to-severe diseases, we uncover a complex landscape of immunological pathways, with the main changes occurring in pathways related to circulating neutrophils. Patients with severe disease display excessive neutrophil extracellular traps formation, neutrophil-inflammation and delayed apoptosis, all of which have been associated with fatal outcome in animal models. Excessive neutrophil activation correlates with worsening oxygenation impairment and predicted fatal outcome (AUROC 0.817-0.898). These findings provide new evidence that neutrophil-dominated host response is associated with poor outcomes. Measuring neutrophil-related changes may improve risk stratification and patient selection, a critical first step in developing host-directed immune therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin M Tang
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Nepean Hospital, Sydney, Australia. .,Centre for Immunology and Allergy Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Sydney, Australia. .,Respiratory Tract Infection Research Node, Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Maryam Shojaei
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Nepean Hospital, Sydney, Australia.,Centre for Immunology and Allergy Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
| | - Sally Teoh
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Nepean Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Adrienne Meyers
- National HIV and Retrovirology Laboratories, JC Wilt Infectious Disease Research Centre, Public Health Agency of Canada, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Disease, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - John Ho
- National HIV and Retrovirology Laboratories, JC Wilt Infectious Disease Research Centre, Public Health Agency of Canada, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Disease, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - T Blake Ball
- National HIV and Retrovirology Laboratories, JC Wilt Infectious Disease Research Centre, Public Health Agency of Canada, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Disease, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Yoav Keynan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical Microbiology and Community Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Amarnath Pisipati
- Department of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Aseem Kumar
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Laurentian University, Laurentian, Canada
| | - Damon P Eisen
- Townsville Hospital, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Kevin Lai
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Mark Gillett
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Rahul Santram
- Department of Emergency Medicine, St. Vincent Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Robert Geffers
- Genome Analytics, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Jens Schreiber
- Otto-von-Guerike University of Magdeburg, Clinic of Pneumology, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Khyobeni Mozhui
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Centre, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Stephen Huang
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Nepean Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Grant P Parnell
- Centre for Immunology and Allergy Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
| | - Marek Nalos
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Nepean Hospital, Sydney, Australia.,Department of Internal Medicine, Medical Faculty Plzen, Charles University Prague, Staré Město, Czech Republic
| | - Monika Holubova
- Biomedical Centre, Medical Faculty Plzen, Charles University Prague, Staré Město, Czech Republic
| | - Tracy Chew
- Sydney Informatic Hub, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - David Booth
- Centre for Immunology and Allergy Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
| | - Anand Kumar
- Section of Critical Care Medicine and Section of Infectious Diseases, Departments of Medicine, Medical Microbiology and Pharmacology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Anthony McLean
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Nepean Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Klaus Schughart
- Department of Infection Genetics, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany.,University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biochemistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Centre, Memphis, TN, USA
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40
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Zhang Y, Zou P, Gao H, Yang M, Yi P, Gan J, Shen Y, Wang W, Zhang W, Li J, Liu P, Li L. Neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio as an early new marker in AIV-H7N9-infected patients: a retrospective study. Ther Clin Risk Manag 2019; 15:911-919. [PMID: 31413580 PMCID: PMC6661995 DOI: 10.2147/tcrm.s206930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Avian AIV-H7N9 influenza progresses rapidly and has a high fatality rate. However, it lacks an early effective biomarker to predict disease severity and fatal outcomes successfully. Our study aimed to explore whether the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) taken within 24 h after admission can predict disease severity and fatality in AIV-H7N9-infected patients. Methods: We retrospectively studied 237 AIV-H7N9-infected patients from multiple centers from 2013 to 2015. We used univariate analysis and multivariate analysis to compare clinical variables between the survival and fatal groups to evaluate the prognostic value. Results: The NLR taken within 24 h after admission in the fatal group was significantly higher than that in the survival group (P<0.01). Our study found that NLR was independently associated with fatality. The area under the curve (AUC) of the NLR was 0.70, and moreover, when the NLR =19.94, the specificity was 100%, and the sensitivity was 28.4%. The fatality in the NLR ≥19.94 group was significantly increased relative to the patients with an NLR <19.94 (P<0.05). Conclusion: The NLR is potentially a predictive prognostic biomarker in patients infected with the AIV-H7N9 influenza virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Department of Infectious Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengfei Zou
- Department of Infectious Disease, Shulan Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Hainv Gao
- Department of Infectious Disease, Shulan Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Meifang Yang
- The State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Department of Infectious Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Yi
- The State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Department of Infectious Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianhe Gan
- Department of Infectious Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinzhong Shen
- Department of Infectious Disease, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Weihong Wang
- Department of Infectious Disease, Central Hospital of Huzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenhong Zhang
- Department of Infectious Disease, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Infectious Disease, Jiangsu Province People's Hospital, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Infectious Disease, Ningbo No.2 Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Lanjuan Li
- The State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Department of Infectious Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
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41
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Glucosylceramidase Maintains Influenza Virus Infection by Regulating Endocytosis. J Virol 2019; 93:JVI.00017-19. [PMID: 30918081 PMCID: PMC6613767 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00017-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Influenza virus is the pathogen responsible for the second largest pandemic in human history. A better understanding of how influenza virus enters host cells may lead to the development of more-efficacious therapies against emerging strains of the virus. Here we show that the glycosphingolipid metabolizing enzyme glucosylceramidase is required for optimal influenza virus trafficking to late endosomes and for consequent fusion, entry, and infection. We also provide evidence that promotion of influenza virus entry by glucosylceramidase extends to other endosome-entering viruses and is due to a general requirement for this enzyme, and hence for optimal levels of glucosylceramide, for efficient trafficking of endogenous cargos, such as the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor, along the endocytic pathway. This work therefore has implications for the basic process of endocytosis as well as for pathogenic processes, including virus entry and Gaucher disease. Influenza virus is an RNA virus encapsulated in a lipid bilayer derived from the host cell plasma membrane. Previous studies showed that influenza virus infection depends on cellular lipids, including the sphingolipids sphingomyelin and sphingosine. Here we examined the role of a third sphingolipid, glucosylceramide, in influenza virus infection following clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats with Cas9 (CRISPR-Cas9)-mediated knockout (KO) of its metabolizing enzyme glucosylceramidase (GBA). After confirming GBA knockout of HEK 293 and A549 cells by both Western blotting and lipid mass spectrometry, we observed diminished infection in both KO cell lines by a PR8 (H1N1) green fluorescent protein (GFP) reporter virus. We further showed that the reduction in infection correlated with impaired influenza virus trafficking to late endosomes and hence with fusion and entry. To examine whether GBA is required for other enveloped viruses, we compared the results seen with entry mediated by the glycoproteins of Ebola virus, influenza virus, vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), and measles virus in GBA knockout cells. Entry inhibition was relatively robust for Ebola virus and influenza virus, modest for VSV, and mild for measles virus, suggesting a greater role for viruses that enter cells by fusing with late endosomes. As the virus studies suggested a general role for GBA along the endocytic pathway, we tested that hypothesis and found that trafficking of epidermal growth factor (EGF) to late endosomes and degradation of its receptor were impaired in GBA knockout cells. Collectively, our findings suggest that GBA is critically important for endocytic trafficking of viruses as well as of cellular cargos, including growth factor receptors. Modulation of glucosylceramide levels may therefore represent a novel accompaniment to strategies to antagonize “late-penetrating” viruses, including influenza virus. IMPORTANCE Influenza virus is the pathogen responsible for the second largest pandemic in human history. A better understanding of how influenza virus enters host cells may lead to the development of more-efficacious therapies against emerging strains of the virus. Here we show that the glycosphingolipid metabolizing enzyme glucosylceramidase is required for optimal influenza virus trafficking to late endosomes and for consequent fusion, entry, and infection. We also provide evidence that promotion of influenza virus entry by glucosylceramidase extends to other endosome-entering viruses and is due to a general requirement for this enzyme, and hence for optimal levels of glucosylceramide, for efficient trafficking of endogenous cargos, such as the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor, along the endocytic pathway. This work therefore has implications for the basic process of endocytosis as well as for pathogenic processes, including virus entry and Gaucher disease.
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42
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BCL6 modulates tissue neutrophil survival and exacerbates pulmonary inflammation following influenza virus infection. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:11888-11893. [PMID: 31138703 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1902310116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are vital for antimicrobial defense; however, their role during viral infection is less clear. Furthermore, the molecular regulation of neutrophil fate and function at the viral infected sites is largely elusive. Here we report that BCL6 deficiency in myeloid cells exhibited drastically enhanced host resistance to severe influenza A virus (IAV) infection. In contrast to the notion that BCL6 functions to suppress innate inflammation, we find that myeloid BCL6 deficiency diminished lung inflammation without affecting viral loads. Using a series of Cre-transgenic, reporter, and knockout mouse lines, we demonstrate that BCL6 deficiency in neutrophils, but not in monocytes or lung macrophages, attenuated host inflammation and morbidity following IAV infection. Mechanistically, BCL6 bound to the neutrophil gene loci involved in cellular apoptosis in cells specifically at the site of infection. As such, BCL6 disruption resulted in increased expression of apoptotic genes in neutrophils in the respiratory tract, but not in the circulation or bone marrow. Consequently, BCL6 deficiency promoted tissue neutrophil apoptosis. Partial neutrophil depletion led to diminished pulmonary inflammation and decreased host morbidity. Our results reveal a previously unappreciated role of BCL6 in modulating neutrophil apoptosis at the site of infection for the regulation of host disease development following viral infection. Furthermore, our studies indicate that tissue-specific regulation of neutrophil survival modulates host inflammation and tissue immunopathology during acute respiratory viral infection.
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43
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The role of platelets in mediating a response to human influenza infection. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1780. [PMID: 30992428 PMCID: PMC6467905 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09607-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 234] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Influenza infection increases the incidence of myocardial infarction but the reason is unknown. Platelets mediate vascular occlusion through thrombotic functions but are also recognized to have immunomodulatory activity. To determine if platelet processes are activated during influenza infection, we collected blood from 18 patients with acute influenza infection. Microscopy reveals activated platelets, many containing viral particles and extracellular-DNA associated with platelets. To understand the mechanism, we isolate human platelets and treat them with influenza A virus. Viral-engulfment leads to C3 release from platelets as a function of TLR7 and C3 leads to neutrophil-DNA release and aggregation. TLR7 specificity is confirmed in murine models lacking the receptor, and platelet depletion models support platelet-mediated C3 and neutrophil-DNA release post-influenza infection. These findings demonstrate that the initial intrinsic defense against influenza is mediated by platelet–neutrophil cross-communication that tightly regulates host immune and complement responses but can also lead to thrombotic vascular occlusion. Influenza viremia is rare in human blood and not well studied. Here, the authors show that influenza can be found in human platelets and that platelet engulfment of influenza A results in TLR7-dependent C3 release, which in turn promotes neutrophil-DNA release and formation of platelet-DNA aggregates.
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44
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Abstract
In addition to their well-known role as the cellular mediators of immunity, key other roles have been identified for neutrophils during septic shock. Importantly, neutrophils indeed play a critical role in the recently described immunothrombosis concept and in septic shock-induced coagulopathy. Septic shock is one of the most severe forms of infection, characterized by an inadequate host response to the pathogenic organism. This host response involves numerous defense mechanisms with an intense cellular activation, including neutrophil activation. Neutrophils are key cells of innate immunity through complex interactions with vascular cells and their activation may participate in systemic tissue damages. Their activation also leads to the emission of neutrophil extracellular traps, which take part in both pathogen circumscription and phagocytosis, but also in coagulation activation. Neutrophils thus stand at the interface between hemostasis and immunity, called immunothrombosis.The present review will develop a cellular approach of septic shock pathophysiology focusing on neutrophils as key players of septic shock-induced vascular cell dysfunction and of the host response, associating immunity and hemostasis. We will therefore first develop the role of neutrophils in the interplay between innate and adaptive immunity, and will then highlight recent advances in our understanding of immunothrombosis septic shock-induced coagulopathy.
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45
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Stegelmeier AA, van Vloten JP, Mould RC, Klafuric EM, Minott JA, Wootton SK, Bridle BW, Karimi K. Myeloid Cells during Viral Infections and Inflammation. Viruses 2019; 11:E168. [PMID: 30791481 PMCID: PMC6410039 DOI: 10.3390/v11020168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloid cells represent a diverse range of innate leukocytes that are crucial for mounting successful immune responses against viruses. These cells are responsible for detecting pathogen-associated molecular patterns, thereby initiating a signaling cascade that results in the production of cytokines such as interferons to mitigate infections. The aim of this review is to outline recent advances in our knowledge of the roles that neutrophils and inflammatory monocytes play in initiating and coordinating host responses against viral infections. A focus is placed on myeloid cell development, trafficking and antiviral mechanisms. Although known for promoting inflammation, there is a growing body of literature which demonstrates that myeloid cells can also play critical regulatory or immunosuppressive roles, especially following the elimination of viruses. Additionally, the ability of myeloid cells to control other innate and adaptive leukocytes during viral infections situates these cells as key, yet under-appreciated mediators of pathogenic inflammation that can sometimes trigger cytokine storms. The information presented here should assist researchers in integrating myeloid cell biology into the design of novel and more effective virus-targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley A Stegelmeier
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada.
| | - Jacob P van Vloten
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada.
| | - Robert C Mould
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada.
| | - Elaine M Klafuric
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada.
| | - Jessica A Minott
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada.
| | - Sarah K Wootton
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada.
| | - Byram W Bridle
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada.
| | - Khalil Karimi
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada.
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46
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Er JZ, Koean RAG, Ding JL. Loss of T-bet confers survival advantage to influenza-bacterial superinfection. EMBO J 2019; 38:e99176. [PMID: 30322895 PMCID: PMC6315292 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201899176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Revised: 09/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor, T-bet, regulates type 1 inflammatory responses against a range of infections. Here, we demonstrate a previously unaddressed role of T-bet, to influenza virus and bacterial superinfection. Interestingly, we found that T-bet deficiency did not adversely affect the efficacy of viral clearance or recovery compared to wild-type hosts. Instead, increased infiltration of neutrophils and production of Th17 cytokines (IL-17 and IL-22), in lungs of influenza virus-infected T-bet-/- mice, were correlated with survival advantage against subsequent infection by Streptococcus pneumoniae Neutralization of IL-17, but not IL-22, in T-bet-/- mice increased pulmonary bacterial load, concomitant with decreased neutrophil infiltration and reduced survival of T-bet-/- mice. IL-17 production by CD8+, CD4+ and γδ T cell types was identified to contribute to this protection against bacterial superinfection. We further showed that neutrophil depletion in T-bet-/- lungs increased pulmonary bacterial burden. These results thus indicate that despite the loss of T-bet, immune defences required for influenza viral clearance are fully functional, which in turn enhances protective type 17 immune responses against lethal bacterial superinfections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhi Er
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore City, Singapore
| | - Ricky Abdi Gunawan Koean
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore City, Singapore
| | - Jeak Ling Ding
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore City, Singapore
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore City, Singapore
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47
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Tomay F, Wells K, Duong L, Tsu JW, Dye DE, Radley-Crabb HG, Grounds MD, Shavlakadze T, Metharom P, Nelson DJ, Jackaman C. Aged neutrophils accumulate in lymphoid tissues from healthy elderly mice and infiltrate T- and B-cell zones. Immunol Cell Biol 2018; 96:831-840. [PMID: 29603362 DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The average age of the human population is rising, leading to an increasing burden of age-related diseases, including increased susceptibility to infection. However, immune function can decrease with age which could impact on processes that require a functional immune system. Aging is also characterized by chronic low-grade inflammation which could further impact immune cell function. While changes to neutrophils in blood during aging have been described, little is known in aging lymphoid organs. This study used female C57BL/6J mice comparing bone marrow (BM), spleen and lymph nodes from young mice aged 2-3 months (equivalent to 18 human years) with healthy elderly mice aged 22-24 months (equivalent to 60-70 human years). Neutrophil proportions increased in BM and secondary lymphoid organs of elderly mice relative to their younger counterparts and presented an atypical phenotype. Interestingly, neutrophils from elderly spleen and lymph nodes were long lived (with decreased apoptosis via Annexin V staining and increased proportion of BrdUneg mature cells) with splenic neutrophils also demonstrating a hypersegmented morphology. Furthermore, splenic neutrophils of elderly mice expressed a mixed phenotype with increased expression of activation markers, CD11b and ICAM-1, increased proinflammatory TNFα, yet increased anti-inflammatory transforming growth factor-beta. Elderly splenic architecture was compromised, as the marginal zone (required for clearing infections) was contracted. Moreover, neutrophils from elderly but not young mice accumulated in lymph node and splenic T- and B-cell zones. Overall, the expansion of functionally compromised neutrophils could contribute to increased susceptibility to infection observed in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Tomay
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA, 6012, Australia
| | - Kelsi Wells
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA, 6012, Australia
| | - Lelinh Duong
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA, 6012, Australia
| | - Jean Wei Tsu
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA, 6012, Australia
| | - Danielle E Dye
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA, 6012, Australia
| | - Hannah G Radley-Crabb
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA, 6012, Australia.,School of Human Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Miranda D Grounds
- School of Human Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Tea Shavlakadze
- School of Human Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Pat Metharom
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA, 6012, Australia
| | - Delia J Nelson
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA, 6012, Australia
| | - Connie Jackaman
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA, 6012, Australia
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48
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Ascough S, Paterson S, Chiu C. Induction and Subversion of Human Protective Immunity: Contrasting Influenza and Respiratory Syncytial Virus. Front Immunol 2018; 9:323. [PMID: 29552008 PMCID: PMC5840263 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and influenza are among the most important causes of severe respiratory disease worldwide. Despite the clinical need, barriers to developing reliably effective vaccines against these viruses have remained firmly in place for decades. Overcoming these hurdles requires better understanding of human immunity and the strategies by which these pathogens evade it. Although superficially similar, the virology and host response to RSV and influenza are strikingly distinct. Influenza induces robust strain-specific immunity following natural infection, although protection by current vaccines is short-lived. In contrast, even strain-specific protection is incomplete after RSV and there are currently no licensed RSV vaccines. Although animal models have been critical for developing a fundamental understanding of antiviral immunity, extrapolating to human disease has been problematic. It is only with recent translational advances (such as controlled human infection models and high-dimensional technologies) that the mechanisms responsible for differences in protection against RSV compared to influenza have begun to be elucidated in the human context. Influenza infection elicits high-affinity IgA in the respiratory tract and virus-specific IgG, which correlates with protection. Long-lived influenza-specific T cells have also been shown to ameliorate disease. This robust immunity promotes rapid emergence of antigenic variants leading to immune escape. RSV differs markedly, as reinfection with similar strains occurs despite natural infection inducing high levels of antibody against conserved antigens. The immunomodulatory mechanisms of RSV are thus highly effective in inhibiting long-term protection, with disturbance of type I interferon signaling, antigen presentation and chemokine-induced inflammation possibly all contributing. These lead to widespread effects on adaptive immunity with impaired B cell memory and reduced T cell generation and functionality. Here, we discuss the differences in clinical outcome and immune response following influenza and RSV. Specifically, we focus on differences in their recognition by innate immunity; the strategies used by each virus to evade these early immune responses; and effects across the innate-adaptive interface that may prevent long-lived memory generation. Thus, by comparing these globally important pathogens, we highlight mechanisms by which optimal antiviral immunity may be better induced and discuss the potential for these insights to inform novel vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Ascough
- Section of Infectious Diseases and Immunity, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Suzanna Paterson
- Section of Infectious Diseases and Immunity, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher Chiu
- Section of Infectious Diseases and Immunity, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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49
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Stegemann-Koniszewski S, Behrens S, Boehme JD, Hochnadel I, Riese P, Guzmán CA, Kröger A, Schreiber J, Gunzer M, Bruder D. Respiratory Influenza A Virus Infection Triggers Local and Systemic Natural Killer Cell Activation via Toll-Like Receptor 7. Front Immunol 2018; 9:245. [PMID: 29497422 PMCID: PMC5819576 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The innate immune system senses influenza A virus (IAV) through different pathogen-recognition receptors including Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7). Downstream of viral recognition natural killer (NK) cells are activated as part of the anti-IAV immune response. Despite the known decisive role of TLR7 for NK cell activation by therapeutic immunostimulatory RNAs, the contribution of TLR7 to the NK cell response following IAV infection has not been addressed. We have analyzed lung cytokine responses as well as the activation, interferon (IFN)-γ production, and cytotoxicity of lung and splenic NK cells following sublethal respiratory IAV infection in wild-type and TLR7ko mice. Early airway IFN-γ levels as well as the induction of lung NK cell CD69 expression and IFN-γ production in response to IAV infection were significantly attenuated in TLR7-deficient hosts. Strikingly, respiratory IAV infection also primed splenic NK cells for IFN-γ production, degranulation, and target cell lysis, all of which were fully dependent on TLR7. At the same time, lung type I IFN levels were significantly reduced in TLR7ko mice early following IAV infection, displaying a potential upstream mechanism of the attenuated NK cell activation observed. Taken together, our data clearly demonstrate a specific role for TLR7 signaling in local and systemic NK cell activation following respiratory IAV infection despite the presence of redundant innate IAV-recognition pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Stegemann-Koniszewski
- Immune Regulation, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany.,Infection Immunology, Institute of Medical Microbiology, Infection Control and Prevention, Health Campus Immunology, Infectiology and Inflammation, Otto von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany.,Experimental Pneumology, University Hospital of Pneumology, University Hospital Magdeburg, Health Campus Immunology, Infectiology and Inflammation, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Sarah Behrens
- Immune Regulation, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Julia D Boehme
- Immune Regulation, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany.,Infection Immunology, Institute of Medical Microbiology, Infection Control and Prevention, Health Campus Immunology, Infectiology and Inflammation, Otto von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Inga Hochnadel
- Immune Regulation, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Peggy Riese
- Department of Vaccinology and Applied Microbiology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Carlos A Guzmán
- Department of Vaccinology and Applied Microbiology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Andrea Kröger
- Molecular Microbiology, Institute of Medical Microbiology, Infection Control and Prevention, Health Campus Immunology, Infectiology and Inflammation, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany.,Innate Immunity and Infection, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Jens Schreiber
- Experimental Pneumology, University Hospital of Pneumology, University Hospital Magdeburg, Health Campus Immunology, Infectiology and Inflammation, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Gunzer
- Institute for Experimental Immunology and Imaging, University Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Dunja Bruder
- Immune Regulation, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany.,Infection Immunology, Institute of Medical Microbiology, Infection Control and Prevention, Health Campus Immunology, Infectiology and Inflammation, Otto von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
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50
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Naumenko V, Turk M, Jenne CN, Kim SJ. Neutrophils in viral infection. Cell Tissue Res 2018; 371:505-516. [PMID: 29327081 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-017-2763-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophils are the first wave of recruited immune cells to sites of injury or infection and are crucial players in controlling bacterial and fungal infections. Although the role of neutrophils during bacterial or fungal infections is well understood, their impact on antiviral immunity is much less studied. Furthermore, neutrophil function in tumor pathogenesis and cancer treatment has recently received much attention, particularly within the context of oncolytic virus infection where neutrophils produce antitumor cytokines and enhance oncolysis. In this review, multiple functions of neutrophils in viral infections and immunity are discussed. Understanding the role of neutrophils during viral infection may provide insight into the pathogenesis of virus infections and the outcome of virus-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Naumenko
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Calvin, Phoebe and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, HRIC 3330 Hospital Drive N.W, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4N1, Canada.,National University of Science and Technology "MISIS", Leninskiy prospect 4, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Madison Turk
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Calvin, Phoebe and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, HRIC 3330 Hospital Drive N.W, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Craig N Jenne
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Calvin, Phoebe and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, HRIC 3330 Hospital Drive N.W, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4N1, Canada. .,Calvin, Phoebe & Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary, HRIC 2C26, 3280 Hospital Drive N.W., Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4N1, Canada.
| | - Seok-Joo Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Calvin, Phoebe and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, HRIC 3330 Hospital Drive N.W, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4N1, Canada. .,Calvin, Phoebe & Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary, HRIC 4C49, 3280 Hospital Drive N.W., Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4N1, Canada.
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