1
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Guo Z. The role of glucagon-like peptide-1/GLP-1R and autophagy in diabetic cardiovascular disease. Pharmacol Rep 2024; 76:754-779. [PMID: 38890260 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-024-00609-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Diabetes leads to a significantly accelerated incidence of various related macrovascular complications, including peripheral vascular disease and cardiovascular disease (the most common cause of mortality in diabetes), as well as microvascular complications such as kidney disease and retinopathy. Endothelial dysfunction is the main pathogenic event of diabetes-related vascular disease at the earliest stage of vascular injury. Understanding the molecular processes involved in the development of diabetes and its debilitating vascular complications might bring up more effective and specific clinical therapies. Long-acting glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1 analogs are currently available in treating diabetes with widely established safety and extensively evaluated efficacy. In recent years, autophagy, as a critical lysosome-dependent self-degradative process to maintain homeostasis, has been shown to be involved in the vascular endothelium damage in diabetes. In this review, the GLP-1/GLP-1R system implicated in diabetic endothelial dysfunction and related autophagy mechanism underlying the pathogenesis of diabetic vascular complications are briefly presented. This review also highlights a possible crosstalk between autophagy and the GLP-1/GLP-1R axis in the treatment of diabetic angiopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi Guo
- Section of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA.
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2
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Lorrai R, Cavaterra D, Giammaria S, Sbardella D, Tundo GR, Boccaccini A. Eye Diseases: When the Solution Comes from Plant Alkaloids. PLANTA MEDICA 2024; 90:426-439. [PMID: 38452806 DOI: 10.1055/a-2283-2350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Plants are an incredible source of metabolites showing a wide range of biological activities. Among these, there are the alkaloids, which have been exploited for medical purposes since ancient times. Nowadays, many plant-derived alkaloids are the main components of drugs used as therapy for different human diseases. This review deals with providing an overview of the alkaloids used to treat eye diseases, describing the historical outline, the plants from which they are extracted, and the clinical and molecular data supporting their therapeutic activity. Among the different alkaloids that have found application in medicine so far, atropine and pilocarpine are the most characterized ones. Conversely, caffeine and berberine have been proposed for the treatment of different eye disorders, but further studies are still necessary to fully understand their clinical value. Lastly, the alkaloid used for managing hypertension, reserpine, has been recently identified as a potential drug for ameliorating retinal disorders. Other important aspects discussed in this review are different solutions for alkaloid production. Given that the industrial production of many of the plant-derived alkaloids still relies on extraction from plants, and the chemical synthesis can be highly expensive and poorly efficient, alternative methods need to be found. Biotechnologies offer a multitude of possibilities to overcome these issues, spanning from genetic engineering to synthetic biology for microorganisms and bioreactors for plant cell cultures. However, further efforts are needed to completely satisfy the pharmaceutical demand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Lorrai
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie "Charles Darwin", Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Dario Cavaterra
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università di Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Grazia Raffaella Tundo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Medicina Traslazionale, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
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3
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Blaibel D, Fernandez CJ, Pappachan JM. Acute worsening of microvascular complications of diabetes mellitus during rapid glycemic control: The pathobiology and therapeutic implications. World J Diabetes 2024; 15:311-317. [PMID: 38591086 PMCID: PMC10999053 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v15.i3.311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/15/2024] Open
Abstract
While chronic hyperglycaemia resulting from poorly controlled diabetes mellitus (DM) is a well-known precursor to complications such as diabetic retinopathy, neuropathy (including autonomic neuropathy), and nephropathy, a paradoxical intensification of these complications can rarely occur with aggressive glycemic management resulting in a rapid reduction of glycated haemoglobin. Although, acute onset or worsening of retinopathy and treatment induced neuropathy of diabetes are more common among these complications, rarely other problems such as albuminuria, diabetic kidney disease, Charcot's neuroarthropathy, gastroparesis, and urinary bladder dysfunction are also encountered. The World Journal of Diabetes recently published a rare case of all these complications, occurring in a young type 1 diabetic female intensely managed during pregnancy, as a case report by Huret et al. It is essential to have a comprehensive understanding of the pathobiology, prevalence, predisposing factors, and management strategies for acute onset, or worsening of microvascular complications when rapid glycemic control is achieved, which serves to alleviate patient morbidity, enhance disease management compliance, and possibly to avoid medico-legal issues around this rare clinical problem. This editorial delves into the dynamics surrounding the acute exacerbation of microvascular complications in poorly controlled DM during rapid glycaemic control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dania Blaibel
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Preston PR2 9HT, United Kingdom
| | - Cornelius James Fernandez
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Pilgrim Hospital, United Lincolnshire Hospitals NHS Trust, Boston PE21 9QS, United Kingdom
| | - Joseph M Pappachan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Preston PR2 9HT, United Kingdom
- Faculty of Science, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester M15 6BH, United Kingdom
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
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4
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Soeda K, Sasako T, Enooku K, Kubota N, Kobayashi N, Ikushima YM, Awazawa M, Bouchi R, Toda G, Yamada T, Nakatsuka T, Tateishi R, Kakiuchi M, Yamamoto S, Tatsuno K, Atarashi K, Suda W, Honda K, Aburatani H, Yamauchi T, Fujishiro M, Noda T, Koike K, Kadowaki T, Ueki K. Gut insulin action protects from hepatocarcinogenesis in diabetic mice comorbid with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6584. [PMID: 37852976 PMCID: PMC10584811 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42334-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is known to increase the risk of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Here we treat male STAM (STelic Animal Model) mice, which develop diabetes, NASH and HCC associated with dysbiosis upon low-dose streptozotocin and high-fat diet (HFD), with insulin or phlorizin. Although both treatments ameliorate hyperglycemia and NASH, insulin treatment alone lead to suppression of HCC accompanied by improvement of dysbiosis and restoration of antimicrobial peptide production. There are some similarities in changes of microflora from insulin-treated patients comorbid with diabetes and NASH. Insulin treatment, however, fails to suppress HCC in the male STAM mice lacking insulin receptor specifically in intestinal epithelial cells (ieIRKO), which show dysbiosis and impaired gut barrier function. Furthermore, male ieIRKO mice are prone to develop HCC merely on HFD. These data suggest that impaired gut insulin signaling increases the risk of HCC, which can be countered by restoration of insulin action in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kotaro Soeda
- Department of Molecular Diabetic Medicine, Diabetes Research Center, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Sasako
- Department of Molecular Diabetic Medicine, Diabetes Research Center, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Enooku
- Department of Gastroenterology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoto Kubota
- Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoki Kobayashi
- Department of Molecular Diabetic Medicine, Diabetes Research Center, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Matsumoto Ikushima
- Department of Molecular Diabetic Medicine, Diabetes Research Center, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Motoharu Awazawa
- Department of Molecular Diabetic Medicine, Diabetes Research Center, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryotaro Bouchi
- Diabetes and Metabolism Information Center, Diabetes Research Center, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Gotaro Toda
- Department of Molecular Diabetic Medicine, Diabetes Research Center, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoharu Yamada
- Department of Gastroenterology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takuma Nakatsuka
- Department of Gastroenterology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Tateishi
- Department of Gastroenterology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Miwako Kakiuchi
- Genome Science Division, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shogo Yamamoto
- Genome Science Division, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenji Tatsuno
- Genome Science Division, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koji Atarashi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama City, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Wataru Suda
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama City, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kenya Honda
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama City, Kanagawa, Japan
| | | | - Toshimasa Yamauchi
- Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Tetsuo Noda
- Department of Cell Biology, Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation of Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Koike
- Department of Gastroenterology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Kadowaki
- Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Prevention of Diabetes and Lifestyle-Related Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kohjiro Ueki
- Department of Molecular Diabetic Medicine, Diabetes Research Center, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
- Department of Molecular Diabetology, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
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Moldovan M, Păpurică AM, Muntean M, Bungărdean RM, Gheban D, Moldovan B, Katona G, David L, Filip GA. Effects of Gold Nanoparticles Phytoreduced with Rutin in an Early Rat Model of Diabetic Retinopathy and Cataracts. Metabolites 2023; 13:955. [PMID: 37623898 PMCID: PMC10456405 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13080955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) and cataracts (CA) have an early onset in diabetes mellitus (DM) due to the redox imbalance and inflammation triggered by hyperglycaemia. Plant-based therapies are characterised by low tissue bioavailability. The study aimed to investigate the effect of gold nanoparticles phytoreduced with Rutin (AuNPsR), as a possible solution. Insulin, Rutin, and AuNPsR were administered to an early, six-week rat model of DR and CA. Oxidative stress (MDA, CAT, SOD) was assessed in serum and eye homogenates, and inflammatory cytokines (IL-1 beta, IL-6, TNF alpha) were quantified in ocular tissues. Eye fundus of retinal arterioles, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) of lenses, and histopathology of retinas were also performed. DM was linked to constricted retinal arterioles, reduced endogen antioxidants, and eye inflammation. Histologically, retinal wall thickness decreased. TEM showed increased lens opacity and fibre disorganisation. Rutin improved retinal arteriolar diameter, while reducing oxidative stress and inflammation. Retinas were moderately oedematous. Lens structure was preserved on TEM. Insulin restored retinal arteriolar diameter, while increasing MDA, and amplifying TEM lens opacity. The best outcomes were obtained for AuNPsR, as it improved fundus appearance of retinal arterioles, decreased MDA and increased antioxidant capacity. Retinal edema and disorganisation in lens fibres were still present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mădălina Moldovan
- Department of Physiology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Clinicilor Street, No. 1, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.-M.P.); (G.A.F.)
| | - Ana-Maria Păpurică
- Department of Physiology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Clinicilor Street, No. 1, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.-M.P.); (G.A.F.)
| | - Mara Muntean
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Pasteur Street, No. 6, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Raluca Maria Bungărdean
- Department of Pathology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Clinicilor Street, No. 3-5, 400340 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (R.M.B.); (D.G.)
| | - Dan Gheban
- Department of Pathology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Clinicilor Street, No. 3-5, 400340 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (R.M.B.); (D.G.)
- Department of Pathology, Emergency Clinical Hospital for Children, Motilor Street, No. 41T-42T, 400370 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Bianca Moldovan
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Babes-Bolyai University, Arany Janos Street, No. 11, 400028 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (B.M.); (G.K.); (L.D.)
| | - Gabriel Katona
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Babes-Bolyai University, Arany Janos Street, No. 11, 400028 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (B.M.); (G.K.); (L.D.)
| | - Luminița David
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Babes-Bolyai University, Arany Janos Street, No. 11, 400028 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (B.M.); (G.K.); (L.D.)
| | - Gabriela Adriana Filip
- Department of Physiology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Clinicilor Street, No. 1, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.-M.P.); (G.A.F.)
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Wang D, Li J, Luo G, Zhou J, Wang N, Wang S, Zhao R, Cao X, Ma Y, Liu G, Hao L. Nox4 as a novel therapeutic target for diabetic vascular complications. Redox Biol 2023; 64:102781. [PMID: 37321060 PMCID: PMC10363438 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic vascular complications can affect both microvascular and macrovascular. Diabetic microvascular complications, such as diabetic nephropathy, diabetic retinopathy, diabetic neuropathy, and diabetic cardiomyopathy, are believed to be caused by oxidative stress. The Nox family of NADPH oxidases is a significant source of reactive oxygen species and plays a crucial role in regulating redox signaling, particularly in response to high glucose and diabetes mellitus. This review aims to provide an overview of the current knowledge about the role of Nox4 and its regulatory mechanisms in diabetic microangiopathies. Especially, the latest novel advances in the upregulation of Nox4 that aggravate various cell types within diabetic kidney disease will be highlighted. Interestingly, this review also presents the mechanisms by which Nox4 regulates diabetic microangiopathy from novel perspectives such as epigenetics. Besides, we emphasize Nox4 as a therapeutic target for treating microvascular complications of diabetes and summarize drugs, inhibitors, and dietary components targeting Nox4 as important therapeutic measures in preventing and treating diabetic microangiopathy. Additionally, this review also sums up the evidence related to Nox4 and diabetic macroangiopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongxia Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment, Wuhan, 430030, China; Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Jiaying Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Gang Luo
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Juan Zhou
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Ning Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Shanshan Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Rui Zhao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Xin Cao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Yuxia Ma
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Gang Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Hebei International Joint Research Center for Structural Heart Disease, Hebei Key Laboratory of Cardiac Injury Repair Mechanism Study, Shijiazhuang, 050000, China.
| | - Liping Hao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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Zhang C, Zhou L, Ma M, Yang Y, Zhang Y, Zha X. Dynamic nomogram prediction model for diabetic retinopathy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. BMC Ophthalmol 2023; 23:186. [PMID: 37106337 PMCID: PMC10142167 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-023-02925-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To develop a dynamic prediction model for diabetic retinopathy (DR) using systemic risk factors. METHODS This retrospective study included type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients discharged from the Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University between May 2020 and February 2022. The early patients (80%) were used for the training set and the late ones (20%) for the validation set. RESULTS Finally, 1257 patients (1049 [80%] in the training set and 208 [20%] in the validation set) were included; 360 (28.6%) of them had DR. The areas under the curves (AUCs) for the multivariate regression (MR), least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression (LASSO), and backward elimination stepwise regression (BESR) models were 0.719, 0.727, and 0.728, respectively. The Delong test showed that the BESR model had a better predictive value than the MR (p = 0.04899) and LASSO (P = 0.04999) models. The DR nomogram risk model was established according to the BESR model, and it included disease duration, age at onset, treatment method, total cholesterol, urinary albumin to creatinine ratio (UACR), and urine sugar. The AUC, kappa coefficient, sensitivity, specificity, and compliance of the nomogram risk model in the validation set were 0.79, 0.48, 71.2%, 78.9%, and 76.4%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS A relatively reliable DR nomogram risk model was established based on the BESR model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhui Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Liqiong Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Minjun Ma
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Yanni Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Yuanping Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China.
| | - Xu Zha
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China.
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Polydatin Ameliorates High Fructose-Induced Podocyte Oxidative Stress via Suppressing HIF-1α/NOX4 Pathway. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14102202. [PMID: 36297636 PMCID: PMC9609044 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14102202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-term high fructose intake drives oxidative stress, causing glomerular podocyte injury. Polydatin, isolated from Chinese herbal medicine Polygonum cuspidatum, is used as an antioxidant agent that protects kidney function. However, it remains unclear how polydatin prevents oxidative stress-driven podocyte damage. In this study, polydatin attenuated high fructose-induced high expression of HIF-1α, inhibited NOX4-mediated stromal cell-derived factor-1α/C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (SDF-1α/CXCR4) axis activation, reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in rat glomeruli and cultured podocytes. As a result, polydatin up-regulated nephrin and podocin, down-regulated transient receptor potential cation channel 6 (TRPC6) in these animal and cell models. Moreover, the data from HIF-1α siRNA transfection showed that high fructose increased NOX4 expression and aggravated SDF-1α/CXCR4 axis activation in an HIF-1α-dependent manner, whereas polydatin down-regulated HIF-1α to inhibit NOX4 and suppressed SDF-1α/CXCR4 axis activation, ameliorating high fructose-induced podocyte oxidative stress and injury. These findings demonstrated that high fructose-driven HIF-1α/NOX4 pathway controlled podocyte oxidative stress damage. Intervention of this disturbance by polydatin could help the development of the therapeutic strategy to combat podocyte damage associated with high fructose diet.
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A Randomized Controlled Trial on the Effect of Local Insulin Glargine on Venous Ulcer Healing. J Surg Res 2022; 279:657-665. [PMID: 35932720 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2022.06.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION To determine whether the local administration of insulin glargine compared with placebo in nondiabetic patients with venous ulcers (VUs) leads to increased wound healing. METHODS A randomized controlled trial using a split-plot design was performed in 36 adults with leg VUs >25 cm2 and more than 3 mo of evolution. Each hemi-wound received either 10 UI insulin glargine or saline solution once a day for 7 d. Size of the wounds, thermal asymmetry, the number of blood vessels, and the percentage area of collagen content in wound biopsies were assessed at baseline and after 7 d of treatment. Blood capillary glucose was monitored once a day after the insulin injection. RESULTS After 7 d of treatment, the hemi-wounds treated with insulin glargine were significantly smaller, had less thermal asymmetry, more blood vessels, and more collagen content than the saline-treated side. Correlation between thermal asymmetry and the number of blood vessels was also found (r2 = 66.2, P < 0.001). No patient presented capillary glucose levels ≤3.3 mmol/L nor any adverse effects. CONCLUSIONS In nondiabetic patients with chronic VUs, the topical administration of insulin glargine seems to be safe and promotes wound healing and tissue repair after 7 d of treatment.
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Cheng Y, Liu P, Xiang Q, Liang J, Chen H, Zhang H, Yang L. Glucagon-like peptide-1 attenuates diabetes-associated osteoporosis in ZDF rat, possibly through the RAGE pathway. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2022; 23:465. [PMID: 35581617 PMCID: PMC9112483 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-022-05396-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Diabetes-associated osteoporosis are partly caused by accumulation of advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs). Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) has been shown to regulate bone turnover. Here we explore whether GLP-1 receptor agonist (GLP1RA) can have a beneficial effect on bone in diabetes by ameliorating AGEs. Methods In the present study, we evaluated the effects of the GLP-1 receptor agonist liraglutide, insulin and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor saxagliptin on Zucker diabetic fatty rats. Meanwhile, we observed the effect of GLP-1 on AGEs-mediated osteoblast proliferation and differentiation and the signal pathway. Results Liraglutide prevented the deterioration of trabecular microarchitecture and enhanced bone strength. Moreover, it increased serum Alpl, Ocn and P1NP levels and decreased serum CTX. In vitro we confirmed that GLP-1 could attenuate AGEs-mediated damage in osteogenic proliferation and differentiation. Besides, GLP-1 down-regulated the ROS that caused by AGEs and the mRNA and protein expression of Rage . Conclusions Altogether, our findings suggest that GLP-1 receptor agonist promotes osteoblastogenesis and suppresses bone resorption on obese type 2 diabetic rats to a certain degree. The mechanism of these effects may be partly mediated by AGEs-RAGE-ROS pathway via the interaction with GLP-1 receptor. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12891-022-05396-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanzhen Cheng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhujiang Hospital, the Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510000, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Zhujiang Hospital, the Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510000, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Qianru Xiang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhujiang Hospital, the Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510000, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiamin Liang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhujiang Hospital, the Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510000, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Huafeng Chen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhujiang Hospital, the Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510000, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhujiang Hospital, the Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510000, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Li Yang
- Department of Nutrition, Zhujiang Hospital, the Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510000, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
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11
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Dhawan P, Vasishta S, Balakrishnan A, Joshi MB. Mechanistic insights into glucose induced vascular epigenetic reprogramming in type 2 diabetes. Life Sci 2022; 298:120490. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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12
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Hakami NY, Dusting GJ, Chan EC, Shah MH, Peshavariya HM. Wound Healing After Alkali Burn Injury of the Cornea Involves Nox4-Type NADPH Oxidase. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2021; 61:20. [PMID: 33079994 PMCID: PMC7585390 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.61.12.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Corneal injury that occurs after burning with alkali initiates wound-healing processes, including inflammation, neovascularization, and fibrosis. Excessive reactions to injury can reduce corneal transparency and thereby compromise vision. The NADPH oxidase (Nox) enzyme complex is known to be involved in cell signaling for wound-healing angiogenesis, but its role in corneal neovascularization has been little studied. Methods The center corneas of wild-type and Nox4 knockout (KO) mice were injured with 3 µL 1 M NaOH, while the contralateral corneas remained untouched. On day 7, mRNA expression levels of NADPH oxidase isoforms, the proangiogenic factors VEGF-A and TGFβ1, and proinflammatory genes ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 were determined. Corneal neovascularization and fibrosis were visualized using PECAM-1 antibody and picrosirius red staining, respectively, on the same day. Results Expressions of both Nox2 and Nox4 gene isoforms as well as the above genes were markedly increased in the injured corneas at 7 days. Injured corneas showed neovascularization and fibrosis as well as an increase in clinical opacity score. All responses stimulated by alkali burn were abrogated in Nox4 KO mice. Conclusions Nox4 could be a new target to treat pathologic corneal wound-healing responses and such targeting might prevent blindness caused by burn injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora Y Hakami
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, University of Melbourne, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdul Aziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gregory J Dusting
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, University of Melbourne, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Elsa C Chan
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, University of Melbourne, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Manisha H Shah
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, University of Melbourne, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Hitesh M Peshavariya
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, University of Melbourne, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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13
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Gagloev BV, Pozdeyeva NA, Al-Darraji IOH. [Concentration of VEGF-A in the intraocular fluid of rats with alloxan model of diabetes mellitus]. Vestn Oftalmol 2021; 137:12-17. [PMID: 33881258 DOI: 10.17116/oftalma202113702112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To study the changes in the concentration of vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) in the intraocular fluid (IOF) of rats with alloxan model of diabetes mellitus (DM) on insulin therapy at different time points. MATERIAL AND METHODS The alloxan model of DM was simulated in 197 rats by a single intraperitoneal injection of 100 mg/kg alloxan hydrate. The animals were divided into 3 groups 7 days after administration of alloxan hydrate. The main group consisted of animals with alloxan model of DM, which begain receiving single daily intraperitoneal injections of insulin at a dose of 0.9 U/kg body weight. The comparison group included animals with alloxan model of DM, which did not receive the therapy. The control group consisted of healthy animals. The experimental animals were withdrawn from the study 1 and 4 months after the start of insulin therapy. The concentration of VEGF-A was determined in 80-90 μL of intraocular fluid collected from both eyes of each animal. RESULTS At 1 month, the VEGF-A concentration in the intraocular fluid in the study group (n=17; 140 [136; 210] pg/mL) was statistically significantly higher than in the comparison group (n=20; 72 [58; 86] pg/mL; pm-u<0.0004), and in the control group (n=16; 76 [62.5; 88] pg/mL; pm-u=0.0045). The comparison group did not have statistically significant differences from the control group (pm-u=0.9979). At 4 months, the VEGF-A concentration in the intraocular fluid in the study group (n=18) was 84.8 [61.1; 93.2] pg/mL, in the comparison group (n=16) - 66.4 [54.4; 73.75] pg/mL. The VEGF-A concentration in the intraocular fluid in the study group at 4 months was statistically significantly lower than in the study group at 1 month (pm-u<0.0044). CONCLUSION Insulin therapy causes a statistically significant increase in the concentration of VEGF-A in the intraocular fluid of rats with alloxan model of DM after 1 month, but after 4 months of the therapy the VEGF-A concentration falls back to the initial values.
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Affiliation(s)
- B V Gagloev
- Cheboksary Branch of S.N. Fedorov National Medical Research Center «MNTK «Eye Microsurgery», Cheboksary, Russia
| | - N A Pozdeyeva
- Cheboksary Branch of S.N. Fedorov National Medical Research Center «MNTK «Eye Microsurgery», Cheboksary, Russia.,Postgraduate Doctors' Training Institute, Cheboksary, Russia
| | - I O-H Al-Darraji
- Cheboksary Branch of S.N. Fedorov National Medical Research Center «MNTK «Eye Microsurgery», Cheboksary, Russia
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14
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Matuszewski W, Baranowska-Jurkun A, Stefanowicz-Rutkowska MM, Gontarz-Nowak K, Gątarska E, Bandurska-Stankiewicz E. The Safety of Pharmacological and Surgical Treatment of Diabetes in Patients with Diabetic Retinopathy-A Review. J Clin Med 2021; 10:705. [PMID: 33670143 PMCID: PMC7916896 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10040705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a non-infectious pandemic of the modern world; it is estimated that in 2045 it will affect 10% of the world's population. As the prevalence of diabetes increases, the problem of its complications, including diabetic retinopathy (DR), grows. DR is a highly specific neurovascular complication of diabetes that occurs in more than one third of DM patients and accounts for 80% of complete vision loss cases in the diabetic population. We are currently witnessing many groundbreaking studies on new pharmacological and surgical methods of treating diabetes. AIM The aim of the study is to assess the safety of pharmacological and surgical treatment of DM in patients with DR. MATERIAL AND METHODS An analysis of the data on diabetes treatment methods currently available in the world literature and their impact on the occurrence and progression of DR. RESULTS A rapid decrease in glycaemia leads to an increased occurrence and progression of DR. Its greatest risk accompanies insulin therapy and sulfonylurea therapy. The lowest risk of DR occurs with the use of SGLT2 inhibitors; the use of DPP-4 inhibitors and GLP-1 analogues is also safe. Patients undergoing pancreatic islet transplants or bariatric surgeries require intensive monitoring of the state of the eye, both in the perioperative and postoperative period. CONCLUSIONS It is of utmost importance to individualize therapy in diabetic patients, in order to gradually achieve treatment goals with the use of safe methods and minimize the risk of development and progression of DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Matuszewski
- Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine Clinic, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland; (A.B.-J.); (M.M.S.-R.); (K.G.-N.); (E.B.-S.)
| | - Angelika Baranowska-Jurkun
- Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine Clinic, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland; (A.B.-J.); (M.M.S.-R.); (K.G.-N.); (E.B.-S.)
| | - Magdalena Maria Stefanowicz-Rutkowska
- Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine Clinic, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland; (A.B.-J.); (M.M.S.-R.); (K.G.-N.); (E.B.-S.)
| | - Katarzyna Gontarz-Nowak
- Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine Clinic, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland; (A.B.-J.); (M.M.S.-R.); (K.G.-N.); (E.B.-S.)
| | - Ewa Gątarska
- Nephrology, Transplantology and Internal Medicine Clinic, Pomeranian Medicine University in Szczecin, 70-204 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Elżbieta Bandurska-Stankiewicz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine Clinic, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland; (A.B.-J.); (M.M.S.-R.); (K.G.-N.); (E.B.-S.)
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15
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Ruan Y, Jiang S, Gericke A. Age-Related Macular Degeneration: Role of Oxidative Stress and Blood Vessels. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22031296. [PMID: 33525498 PMCID: PMC7866075 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a common irreversible ocular disease characterized by vision impairment among older people. Many risk factors are related to AMD and interact with each other in its pathogenesis. Notably, oxidative stress and choroidal vascular dysfunction were suggested to be critically involved in AMD pathogenesis. In this review, we give an overview on the factors contributing to the pathophysiology of this multifactorial disease and discuss the role of reactive oxygen species and vascular function in more detail. Moreover, we give an overview on therapeutic strategies for patients suffering from AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Ruan
- Correspondence: (Y.R.); (A.G.); Tel.: +49-6131-178-276 (Y.R. & A.G.)
| | | | - Adrian Gericke
- Correspondence: (Y.R.); (A.G.); Tel.: +49-6131-178-276 (Y.R. & A.G.)
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16
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Euswas N, Phonnopparat N, Morasert K, Thakhampaeng P, Kaewsanit A, Mungthin M, Rangsin R, Sakboonyarat B. National trends in the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy among Thai patients with type 2 diabetes and its associated factors from 2014 to 2018. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0245801. [PMID: 33481907 PMCID: PMC7822250 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0245801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the most common and serious ocular complications in both developed and developing countries. To date, epidemiological data of DR and their associated factors in Southeast Asian countries especially in Thailand are scarce. We aimed to use the information from the Thailand Diabetes Mellitus/Hypertension (DM/HT) study to determine trends in DR prevalence and also risk factors among Thai patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Methods A series of cross-sectional surveys of clinical outcomes was conducted annually in 2014, 2015 and 2018 among patients with T2D aged >18 years receiving medical care for at least 12 months. A stratified single stage cluster sampling method that was proportional to the size sampling technique was used to select a nationally and provincially representative sample of patients with T2D in Thailand. A standardized case report form was used to obtain the required information from medical records. Results A total of 104,472 Thai patients with T2D were included in the study from 2014 to 2018. The dominant proportion of participants, 70,756 (67.7%), were females. The overall prevalence of DR declined from 6.9% in 2014 to 6.3% in 2015 and 5.0% in 2018 (p for trend <0.001). The independent associated factors with DR included survey year, greater duration of DM, geographic region, hospital level, social security scheme, dyslipidemia, insulin therapy, high HbA1c level and elevated pulse pressure. Conclusion We reported a decreasing in trend in the prevalence of DR among Thai patients with T2D over one half decade. Patients with T2D should be encouraged to control their underlying diseases and engage in other effective interventions. When these modifiable risk factors can be inhibited, DR and other cardiovascular complications will be alleviated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Pongpisut Thakhampaeng
- Department of Military and Community Medicine, Phramongkutklao College of Medicine, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Apisit Kaewsanit
- Department of Anatomy, Phramongkutklao College of Medicine, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Mathirut Mungthin
- Department of Pharmacology, Phramongkutklao College of Medicine, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Ram Rangsin
- Department of Military and Community Medicine, Phramongkutklao College of Medicine, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Boonsub Sakboonyarat
- Department of Military and Community Medicine, Phramongkutklao College of Medicine, Bangkok, Thailand
- * E-mail:
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17
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Simmen FA, Alhallak I, Simmen RCM. Malic enzyme 1 (ME1) in the biology of cancer: it is not just intermediary metabolism. J Mol Endocrinol 2020; 65:R77-R90. [PMID: 33064660 PMCID: PMC7577320 DOI: 10.1530/jme-20-0176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Malic enzyme 1 (ME1) is a cytosolic protein that catalyzes the conversion of malate to pyruvate while concomitantly generating NADPH from NADP. Early studies identified ME1 as a mediator of intermediary metabolism primarily through its participatory roles in lipid and cholesterol biosynthesis. ME1 was one of the first identified insulin-regulated genes in liver and adipose and is a transcriptional target of thyroxine. Multiple studies have since documented that ME1 is pro-oncogenic in numerous epithelial cancers. In tumor cells, the reduction of ME1 gene expression or the inhibition of its activity resulted in decreases in proliferation, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and in vitro migration, and conversely, in promotion of oxidative stress, apoptosis and/or cellular senescence. Here, we integrate recent findings to highlight ME1's role in oncogenesis, provide a rationale for its nexus with metabolic syndrome and diabetes, and raise the prospects of targeting the cytosolic NADPH network to improve therapeutic approaches against multiple cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank A Simmen
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
- The Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Iad Alhallak
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Rosalia C M Simmen
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
- The Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
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18
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Miyano K, Okamoto S, Yamauchi A, Kawai C, Kajikawa M, Kiyohara T, Tamura M, Taura M, Kuribayashi F. The NADPH oxidase NOX4 promotes the directed migration of endothelial cells by stabilizing vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 protein. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:11877-11890. [PMID: 32616654 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.014723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Directed migration of endothelial cells (ECs) is an important process during both physiological and pathological angiogenesis. The binding of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) to VEGF receptor-2 (VEGFR-2) on the EC surface is necessary for directed migration of these cells. Here, we used TAXIScan, an optically accessible real-time horizontal cell dynamics assay approach, and demonstrate that reactive oxygen species (ROS)-producing NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4), which is abundantly expressed in ECs, mediates VEGF/VEGFR-2-dependent directed migration. We noted that a continuous supply of endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-retained VEGFR-2 to the plasma membrane is required to maintain VEGFR-2 at the cell surface. siRNA-mediated NOX4 silencing decreased the ER-retained form of VEGFR-2, resulting in decreased cell surface expression levels of the receptor. We also found that ER-localized NOX4 interacts with ER-retained VEGFR-2 and thereby stabilizes this ER-retained form at the protein level in the ER. We conclude that NOX4 contributes to the directed migration of ECs by maintaining VEGFR-2 levels at their surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Miyano
- Department of Biochemistry, Kawasaki Medical School, Okayama, Japan
| | | | - Akira Yamauchi
- Department of Biochemistry, Kawasaki Medical School, Okayama, Japan
| | - Chikage Kawai
- Department of Biochemistry, Kawasaki Medical School, Okayama, Japan
| | - Mizuho Kajikawa
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takuya Kiyohara
- Department of Cerebrovascular Disease and Neurology, Hakujyuji Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Minoru Tamura
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ehime University, Ehime, Japan
| | - Masahiko Taura
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
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19
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Wang Z, Yang J, Qi J, Jin Y, Tong L. Activation of NADPH/ROS pathway contributes to angiogenesis through JNK signaling in brain endothelial cells. Microvasc Res 2020; 131:104012. [PMID: 32428522 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2020.104012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Recent evidences have shown that reactive oxygen species (ROS) are involved in regulating angiogenesis and preventing tissue injury. However, the precise molecular mechanisms behind ROS-induced angiogenesis are still unknown. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of ROS-induced angiogenesis in rat brain microvessel endothelial cells (rBMECs) and identify involving the signal pathways. For initial experiments, the rBMECs were incubated with different concentrations of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). For the second experiments, the rBMECs were respectively treated with ROS scavenger dimethylthiourea (DMTU), NADPH oxidase (Nox) inhibitor apocynin, small interfering RNAs-mediated knock down Nox2 or Nox4, or pretreated with c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) inhibitor SP600125. The cell proliferation, migration, tube formation, and the expressions of several important neuroangiogenic factors including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) -9 and phos-JNK were measured. Low level of H2O2 significantly promoted endothelial cell (EC) proliferation, migration and tube formation and upregulated levels of VEGF, BDNF, MMP-9 and phos-JNK. DMTU and apocynin significantly inhibited endothelial angiogenesis and downregulated these protein levels. As expected, knockdown of Nox2 or Nox4 expression blocked endothelial angiogenesis and downregulated the expressions of pro-neuroangiogenic factors. Furthermore, H2O2-induced endothelial angiogenesis and high expressions of pro-neuroangiogenic factors were decreased by SP600125. In conclusion, Nox-derived ROS were required for endothelial angiogenesis. Low level of ROS may activate JNK signaling pathway and upregulate pro-neuroangiogenic factors, ultimately mediating endothelial angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zairan Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Jiping Yang
- Department of Medical Imaging, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei Province, China.
| | - Jinchong Qi
- Department of Medical Imaging, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Yonghui Jin
- Department of Medical Imaging, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Liyan Tong
- Department of Medical Imaging, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei Province, China
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20
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Mesenteric arterial dysfunction in the UC Davis Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus rat model is dependent on pre-diabetic versus diabetic status and is sexually dimorphic. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 879:173089. [PMID: 32320701 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Previous reports suggest that diabetes may differentially affect the vascular beds of females and males. However, there is insufficient evidence to establish the timeline of the vascular dysfunction in diabetes, specifically in relation to sex. Here, we determined whether mesenteric arterial function is altered in UC Davis Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus (UCD-T2DM) rats and if this occurs as early as the pre-diabetic stage of the disease. Specifically, we investigated whether vascular dysfunction differs between pre-diabetic or diabetic status and if this varies by sex. We measured the responses to endothelium-dependent and -independent vasorelaxant as well as vasoconstrictor agents and explored the potential mechanisms involved in sex-specific development of arterial dysfunction in UCD-T2DM rats. In addition, indices of insulin sensitivity were assessed. We report the reduced insulin sensitivity in pre-diabetic males and diabetic females. Vascular relaxation to acetylcholine was impaired to a greater extent in mesenteric artery from males in the pre-diabetic stage than in their female counterparts. In contrast, the arteries from females with diabetes exhibited a greater impairment to acetylcholine compared with diabetic males. Additionally, the sensitivity of mesenteric artery to contractile agents in females, but not in males, after the onset of diabetes was increased. Our data suggest that the reduced insulin sensitivity through AKT may predispose vessels to injury in the pre-diabetic stage in males. On the other hand, reduced insulin sensitivity as well as enhanced responsiveness to contractile agents may predispose arteries to injury in the diabetic stage in females.
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21
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Jiang L, Jia M, Wei X, Guo J, Hao S, Mei A, Zhi X, Wang X, Li Q, Jin J, Zhang J, Li S, Meng D. Bach1-induced suppression of angiogenesis is dependent on the BTB domain. EBioMedicine 2020; 51:102617. [PMID: 31911270 PMCID: PMC6948167 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.102617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor Bach1 impairs angiogenesis after ischemic injury by suppressing Wnt/β-catenin signaling; however, the specific domains responsible for the anti-angiogenic effects of Bach1 remain unclear. This study determined the role of the BTB domain of Bach1 in ischemic angiogenesis. Bach1 is highly expressed in circulating endothelial cells from acute myocardial infarction patients and is the early induction gene after ischemia. Mice were treated with adenoviruses coding for GFP (AdGFP), Bach1 (AdBach1), or a Bach1 mutant lacking the BTB domain (AdBach1-ΔBTB) after surgically induced hind-limb ischemia. Measures of blood-flow recovery, capillary density, and the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) were significantly lower and ROS levels were higher in the AdBach1 group, but not in AdBach1-ΔBTB animals. Furthermore, transfection with AdBach1, but not AdBach1-ΔBTB, in human endothelial cells was associated with significant declines in 1) capillary density and hemoglobin content in the Matrigel-plug assay, 2) proliferation, migration, tube formation, and VEGF and HO-1 expression in endothelial cells. Bach1 binds directly with TCF4, and this interaction is mediated by residues 81–89 of the Bach1 BTB domain and the N-terminal domain of TCF4. Bach1, but not Bach1-ΔBTB, also co-precipitated with histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1), while the full-length HDAC1 proteins, but not HDAC1 mutants lacking the protein-interaction domain, co-precipitated with Bach1. Collectively, these results demonstrate that the anti-angiogenic activity of Bach1 is crucially dependent on molecular interactions that are mediated by the protein's BTB domain, and this domain could be a drug target for angiogenic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Jiang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Mengping Jia
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiangxiang Wei
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jieyu Guo
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Shengyu Hao
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Aihong Mei
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Xiuling Zhi
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xinhong Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Qinhan Li
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jiayu Jin
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jianyi Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham 35294, USA
| | - Shanqun Li
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Dan Meng
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
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22
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Budi EH, Hoffman S, Gao S, Zhang YE, Derynck R. Integration of TGF-β-induced Smad signaling in the insulin-induced transcriptional response in endothelial cells. Sci Rep 2019; 9:16992. [PMID: 31740700 PMCID: PMC6861289 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-53490-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin signaling governs many processes including glucose homeostasis and metabolism, and is therapeutically used to treat hyperglycemia in diabetes. We demonstrated that insulin-induced Akt activation enhances the sensitivity to TGF-β by directing an increase in cell surface TGF-β receptors from a pool of intracellular TGF-β receptors. Consequently, increased autocrine TGF-β signaling in response to insulin participates in insulin-induced angiogenic responses of endothelial cells. With TGF-β signaling controlling many cell responses, including differentiation and extracellular matrix deposition, and pathologically promoting fibrosis and cancer cell dissemination, we addressed to which extent autocrine TGF-β signaling participates in insulin-induced gene responses of human endothelial cells. Transcriptome analyses of the insulin response, in the absence or presence of a TGF-β receptor kinase inhibitor, revealed substantial positive and negative contributions of autocrine TGF-β signaling in insulin-responsive gene responses. Furthermore, insulin-induced responses of many genes depended on or resulted from autocrine TGF-β signaling. Our analyses also highlight extensive contributions of autocrine TGF-β signaling to basal gene expression in the absence of insulin, and identified many novel TGF-β-responsive genes. This data resource may aid in the appreciation of the roles of autocrine TGF-β signaling in normal physiological responses to insulin, and implications of therapeutic insulin usage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erine H Budi
- Departments of Cell and Tissue Biology, and Anatomy, Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143-0669, USA
| | - Steven Hoffman
- Departments of Cell and Tissue Biology, and Anatomy, Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143-0669, USA
| | - Shaojian Gao
- Thoracic and Gastrointestinal Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, 20892-1906, USA
| | - Ying E Zhang
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, 20892-4256, USA
| | - Rik Derynck
- Departments of Cell and Tissue Biology, and Anatomy, Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143-0669, USA.
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23
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DeVallance E, Li Y, Jurczak MJ, Cifuentes-Pagano E, Pagano PJ. The Role of NADPH Oxidases in the Etiology of Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome: Contribution of Individual Isoforms and Cell Biology. Antioxid Redox Signal 2019; 31:687-709. [PMID: 31250671 PMCID: PMC6909742 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2018.7674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Significance: Highly prevalent in Western cultures, obesity, metabolic syndrome, and diabetes increase the risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality and cost health care systems billions of dollars annually. At the cellular level, obesity, metabolic syndrome, and diabetes are associated with increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Increased levels of ROS production in key organ systems such as adipose tissue, skeletal muscle, and the vasculature cause disruption of tissue homeostasis, leading to increased morbidity and risk of mortality. More specifically, growing evidence implicates the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase (NOX) enzymes in these pathologies through impairment of insulin signaling, inflammation, and vascular dysfunction. The NOX family of enzymes is a major driver of redox signaling through its production of superoxide anion, hydrogen peroxide, and attendant downstream metabolites acting on redox-sensitive signaling molecules. Recent Advances: The primary goal of this review is to highlight recent advances and survey our present understanding of cell-specific NOX enzyme contributions to metabolic diseases. Critical Issues: However, due to the short half-lives of individual ROS and/or cellular defense systems, radii of ROS diffusion are commonly short, often restricting redox signaling and oxidant stress to localized events. Thus, special emphasis should be placed on cell type and subcellular location of NOX enzymes to better understand their role in the pathophysiology of metabolic diseases. Future Directions: We discuss the targeting of NOX enzymes as potential therapy and bring to light potential emerging areas of NOX research, microparticles and epigenetics, in the context of metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan DeVallance
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Pittsburgh Heart, Lung and Blood, Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Yao Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Pittsburgh Heart, Lung and Blood, Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Michael J Jurczak
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Center for Metabolism and Mitochondrial Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Eugenia Cifuentes-Pagano
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Pittsburgh Heart, Lung and Blood, Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Patrick J Pagano
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Pittsburgh Heart, Lung and Blood, Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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24
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Zakharova IO, Sokolova TV, Bayunova LV, Zorina II, Rychkova MP, Shpakov AO, Avrova NF. The Protective Effect of Insulin on Rat Cortical Neurons in Oxidative Stress and Its Dependence on the Modulation of Akt, GSK-3beta, ERK1/2, and AMPK Activities. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20153702. [PMID: 31362343 PMCID: PMC6696072 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20153702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 07/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin is a promising drug for the treatment of diseases associated with brain damage. However, the mechanism of its neuroprotective action is far from being understood. Our aim was to study the insulin-induced protection of cortical neurons in oxidative stress and its mechanism. Immunoblotting, flow cytometry, colorimetric, and fluorometric techniques were used. The insulin neuroprotection was shown to depend on insulin concentration in the nanomolar range. Insulin decreased the reactive oxygen species formation in neurons. The insulin-induced modulation of various protein kinase activities was studied at eight time-points after neuronal exposure to prooxidant (hydrogen peroxide). In prooxidant-exposed neurons, insulin increased the phosphorylation of GSK-3beta at Ser9 (thus inactivating it), which resulted from Akt activation. Insulin activated ERK1/2 in neurons 5–30 min after cell exposure to prooxidant. Hydrogen peroxide markedly activated AMPK, while it was for the first time shown that insulin inhibited it in neurons at periods of the most pronounced activation by prooxidant. Insulin normalized Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and mitochondrial membrane potential in neurons in oxidative stress. The inhibitors of the PI3K/Akt and MEK1/2/ERK1/2 signaling pathways and the AMPK activator reduced the neuroprotective effect of insulin. Thus, the protective action of insulin on cortical neurons in oxidative stress appear to be realized to a large extent through activation of Akt and ERK1/2, GSK-3beta inactivation, and inhibition of AMPK activity increased by neuronal exposure to prooxidant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina O Zakharova
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology and Neurochemistry, I.M. Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Thorez avenue, 44, Saint-Petersburg 194223, Russia
| | - Tatiana V Sokolova
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology and Neurochemistry, I.M. Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Thorez avenue, 44, Saint-Petersburg 194223, Russia
| | - Liubov V Bayunova
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology and Neurochemistry, I.M. Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Thorez avenue, 44, Saint-Petersburg 194223, Russia
| | - Inna I Zorina
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology and Neurochemistry, I.M. Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Thorez avenue, 44, Saint-Petersburg 194223, Russia
| | - Maria P Rychkova
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology and Neurochemistry, I.M. Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Thorez avenue, 44, Saint-Petersburg 194223, Russia
| | - Alexander O Shpakov
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology and Neurochemistry, I.M. Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Thorez avenue, 44, Saint-Petersburg 194223, Russia
| | - Natalia F Avrova
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology and Neurochemistry, I.M. Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Thorez avenue, 44, Saint-Petersburg 194223, Russia.
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25
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Reactive Oxygen Species Signaling Promotes Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1α Stabilization in Sonic Hedgehog-Driven Cerebellar Progenitor Cell Proliferation. Mol Cell Biol 2019; 39:MCB.00268-18. [PMID: 30692272 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00268-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebellar development is a highly regulated process involving numerous factors acting with high specificity, both temporally and by location. Part of this process involves extensive proliferation of cerebellar granule neuron precursors (CGNPs) induced by Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) signaling, but downstream effectors of mitogenic signaling are still being elucidated. Using primary CGNP cultures, a well-established model for SHH-driven proliferation, we show that SHH-treated CGNPs feature high levels of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF1α), which is known to promote glycolysis, stemness, and angiogenesis. In CGNPs cultured under normoxic conditions, HIF1α is posttranslationally stabilized in a manner dependent upon reactive oxygen species (ROS) and NADPH oxidase (NOX), both of which are also upregulated in these cells. Inhibition of NOX activity resulted in HIF1α destabilization and reduced levels of cyclin D2, a marker of CGNP proliferation. As CGNPs are the putative cells of origin for the SHH subtype of medulloblastoma and aberrant SHH signaling is implicated in other neoplasms, these studies may also have future relevance in the context of cancer. Taken together, our findings suggest that a better understanding of nonhypoxic HIF1α stabilization through NOX-induced ROS generation can provide insights into normal cell proliferation in cerebellar development and SHH-driven cell proliferation in cancers with aberrant SHH signaling.
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26
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Wei X, Guo J, Li Q, Jia Q, Jing Q, Li Y, Zhou B, Chen J, Gao S, Zhang X, Jia M, Niu C, Yang W, Zhi X, Wang X, Yu D, Bai L, Wang L, Na J, Zou Y, Zhang J, Zhang S, Meng D. Bach1 regulates self-renewal and impedes mesendodermal differentiation of human embryonic stem cells. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2019; 5:eaau7887. [PMID: 30891497 PMCID: PMC6415956 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aau7887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The transcription factor BTB and CNC homology 1 (Bach1) is expressed in the embryos of mice, but whether Bach1 regulates the self-renewal and early differentiation of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) is unknown. We report that the deubiquitinase ubiquitin-specific processing protease 7 (Usp7) is a direct target of Bach1, that Bach1 interacts with Nanog, Sox2, and Oct4, and that Bach1 facilitates their deubiquitination and stabilization via the recruitment of Usp7, thereby maintaining stem cell identity and self-renewal. Bach1 also interacts with polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) and represses mesendodermal gene expression by recruiting PRC2 to the genes' promoters. The loss of Bach1 in hESCs promotes differentiation toward the mesendodermal germ layers by reducing the occupancy of EZH2 and H3K27me3 in mesendodermal gene promoters and by activating the Wnt/β-catenin and Nodal/Smad2/3 signaling pathways. Our study shows that Bach1 is a key determinant of pluripotency, self-renewal, and lineage specification in hESCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangxiang Wei
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jieyu Guo
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Qinhan Li
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Qianqian Jia
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Qing Jing
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yan Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence on Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Bin Zhou
- The State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence on Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Jiayu Chen
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Shaorong Gao
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xinyue Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Mengping Jia
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Cong Niu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Wenlong Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai Cardiovascular Medical Center, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Institute of Pan-vascular Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiuling Zhi
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xinhong Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Dian Yu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Lufeng Bai
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jie Na
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yunzeng Zou
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai Cardiovascular Medical Center, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Institute of Pan-vascular Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jianyi Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Shuning Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai Cardiovascular Medical Center, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Institute of Pan-vascular Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Corresponding author. (D.M.); (S.Z.)
| | - Dan Meng
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Corresponding author. (D.M.); (S.Z.)
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27
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Tejero J, Shiva S, Gladwin MT. Sources of Vascular Nitric Oxide and Reactive Oxygen Species and Their Regulation. Physiol Rev 2019; 99:311-379. [PMID: 30379623 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00036.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 280] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a small free radical with critical signaling roles in physiology and pathophysiology. The generation of sufficient NO levels to regulate the resistance of the blood vessels and hence the maintenance of adequate blood flow is critical to the healthy performance of the vasculature. A novel paradigm indicates that classical NO synthesis by dedicated NO synthases is supplemented by nitrite reduction pathways under hypoxia. At the same time, reactive oxygen species (ROS), which include superoxide and hydrogen peroxide, are produced in the vascular system for signaling purposes, as effectors of the immune response, or as byproducts of cellular metabolism. NO and ROS can be generated by distinct enzymes or by the same enzyme through alternate reduction and oxidation processes. The latter oxidoreductase systems include NO synthases, molybdopterin enzymes, and hemoglobins, which can form superoxide by reduction of molecular oxygen or NO by reduction of inorganic nitrite. Enzymatic uncoupling, changes in oxygen tension, and the concentration of coenzymes and reductants can modulate the NO/ROS production from these oxidoreductases and determine the redox balance in health and disease. The dysregulation of the mechanisms involved in the generation of NO and ROS is an important cause of cardiovascular disease and target for therapy. In this review we will present the biology of NO and ROS in the cardiovascular system, with special emphasis on their routes of formation and regulation, as well as the therapeutic challenges and opportunities for the management of NO and ROS in cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Tejero
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania ; Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania ; Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania ; and Department of Medicine, Center for Metabolism and Mitochondrial Medicine, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Sruti Shiva
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania ; Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania ; Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania ; and Department of Medicine, Center for Metabolism and Mitochondrial Medicine, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Mark T Gladwin
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania ; Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania ; Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania ; and Department of Medicine, Center for Metabolism and Mitochondrial Medicine, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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28
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Yang J. The role of reactive oxygen species in angiogenesis and preventing tissue injury after brain ischemia. Microvasc Res 2018; 123:62-67. [PMID: 30594490 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2018.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Revised: 12/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress, which is defined as an imbalance between proxidant and antioxidant systems, is the essential mechanism involving in the ischemic process. During the early stage of brain ischemia, reactive oxygen species (ROS) are increased. Increased ROS are thought of a consequence of brain ischemia and exacerbating disease due to inducing cell death, apoptosis and senescence by oxidative stress. During brain tissue repair, ROS are act as signaling molecules and may be benefical for regulating angiogenesis and preventing tissue injury. New blood vessel formation is essentially required for rescuing tissue from brain ischemia. In ischemic conditions, ROS promotes angiogenesis, either directly or via the generation of active oxidation products. ROS-induced angiogenesis involves several signaling pathways. This paper reviewed current understanding of the role of ROS as a mediator and modulator of angiogenesis in brain ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiping Yang
- Department of Medical Imaging, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 215 West Heping Road, Shijiazhuang 050000, Hebei Province, China.
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29
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Meng W, Shah KP, Pollack S, Toppila I, Hebert HL, McCarthy MI, Groop L, Ahlqvist E, Lyssenko V, Agardh E, Daniell M, Kaidonis G, Craig JE, Mitchell P, Liew G, Kifley A, Wang JJ, Christiansen MW, Jensen RA, Penman A, Hancock HA, Chen CJ, Correa A, Kuo JZ, Li X, Chen YDI, Rotter JI, Klein R, Klein B, Wong TY, Morris AD, Doney AS, Colhoun HM, Price AL, Burdon KP, Groop PH, Sandholm N, Grassi MA, Sobrin L, Palmer CN. A genome-wide association study suggests new evidence for an association of the NADPH Oxidase 4 (NOX4) gene with severe diabetic retinopathy in type 2 diabetes. Acta Ophthalmol 2018; 96:e811-e819. [PMID: 30178632 PMCID: PMC6263819 DOI: 10.1111/aos.13769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Diabetic retinopathy is the most common eye complication in patients with diabetes. The purpose of this study is to identify genetic factors contributing to severe diabetic retinopathy. Methods A genome‐wide association approach was applied. In the Genetics of Diabetes Audit and Research in Tayside Scotland (GoDARTS) datasets, cases of severe diabetic retinopathy were defined as type 2 diabetic patients who were ever graded as having severe background retinopathy (Level R3) or proliferative retinopathy (Level R4) in at least one eye according to the Scottish Diabetic Retinopathy Grading Scheme or who were once treated by laser photocoagulation. Controls were diabetic individuals whose longitudinal retinopathy screening records were either normal (Level R0) or only with mild background retinopathy (Level R1) in both eyes. Significant Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) were taken forward for meta‐analysis using multiple Caucasian cohorts. Results Five hundred and sixty cases of type 2 diabetes with severe diabetic retinopathy and 4,106 controls were identified in the GoDARTS cohort. We revealed that rs3913535 in the NADPH Oxidase 4 (NOX4) gene reached a p value of 4.05 × 10−9. Two nearby SNPs, rs10765219 and rs11018670 also showed promising p values (p values = 7.41 × 10−8 and 1.23 × 10−8, respectively). In the meta‐analysis using multiple Caucasian cohorts (excluding GoDARTS), rs10765219 and rs11018670 showed associations for diabetic retinopathy (p = 0.003 and 0.007, respectively), while the p value of rs3913535 was not significant (p = 0.429). Conclusion This genome‐wide association study of severe diabetic retinopathy suggests new evidence for the involvement of the NOX4 gene.
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30
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Reactive Oxygen Species-Mediated Damage of Retinal Neurons: Drug Development Targets for Therapies of Chronic Neurodegeneration of the Retina. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19113362. [PMID: 30373222 PMCID: PMC6274960 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The significance of oxidative stress in the development of chronic neurodegenerative diseases of the retina has become increasingly apparent in recent years. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are free radicals produced at low levels as a result of normal cellular metabolism that are ultimately metabolized and detoxified by endogenous and exogenous mechanisms. In the presence of oxidative cellular stress, ROS are produced in excess, resulting in cellular injury and death and ultimately leading to tissue and organ dysfunction. Recent studies have investigated the role of excess ROS in the pathogenesis and development of chronic neurodegenerative diseases of the retina including glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, and age-related macular degeneration. Findings from these studies are promising insofar as they provide clear rationales for innovative treatment and prevention strategies of these prevalent and disabling diseases where currently therapeutic options are limited. Here, we briefly outline recent developments that have contributed to our understanding of the role of ROS in the pathogenesis of chronic neurodegenerative diseases of the retina. We then examine and analyze the peer-reviewed evidence in support of ROS as targets for therapy development in the area of chronic neurodegeneration of the retina.
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31
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Zakharova IO, Sokolova TV, Zorina II, Bayunova LV, Rychkova MP, Avrova NF. Protective Effect of Insulin on Rat Cortical Neurons in Oxidative Stress and Its Dependence on Modulation of Protein Kinase B (Akt) Activity. J EVOL BIOCHEM PHYS+ 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022093018030043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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32
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Vara D, Watt JM, Fortunato TM, Mellor H, Burgess M, Wicks K, Mace K, Reeksting S, Lubben A, Wheeler-Jones CPD, Pula G. Direct Activation of NADPH Oxidase 2 by 2-Deoxyribose-1-Phosphate Triggers Nuclear Factor Kappa B-Dependent Angiogenesis. Antioxid Redox Signal 2018; 28:110-130. [PMID: 28793782 PMCID: PMC5725637 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2016.6869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Deoxyribose-1-phosphate (dRP) is a proangiogenic paracrine stimulus released by cancer cells, platelets, and macrophages and acting on endothelial cells. The objective of this study was to clarify how dRP stimulates angiogenic responses in human endothelial cells. RESULTS Live cell imaging, electron paramagnetic resonance, pull-down of dRP-interacting proteins, followed by immunoblotting, gene silencing of different NADPH oxidases (NOXs), and their regulatory cosubunits by small interfering RNA (siRNA) transfection, and experiments with inhibitors of the sugar transporter glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) were utilized to demonstrate that dRP acts intracellularly by directly activating the endothelial NOX2 complex, but not NOX4. Increased reactive oxygen species generation in response to NOX2 activity leads to redox-dependent activation of the transcription factor nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), which, in turn, induces vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) upregulation. Using endothelial tube formation assays, gene silencing by siRNA, and antibody-based receptor inhibition, we demonstrate that the activation of NF-κB and VEGFR2 is necessary for the angiogenic responses elicited by dRP. The upregulation of VEGFR2 and NOX2-dependent stimulation of angiogenesis by dRP were confirmed in excisional wound and Matrigel plug vascularization assays in vivo using NOX2-/- mice. INNOVATION For the first time, we demonstrate that dRP acts intracellularly and stimulates superoxide anion generation by direct binding and activation of the NOX2 enzymatic complex. CONCLUSIONS This study describes a novel molecular mechanism underlying the proangiogenic activity of dRP, which involves the sequential activation of NOX2 and NF-κB and upregulation of VEGFR2. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 28, 110-130.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina Vara
- 1 Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School , Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Joanna M Watt
- 2 Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath , Bath, United Kingdom
| | - Tiago M Fortunato
- 3 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology , Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Harry Mellor
- 4 Department of Biochemistry, University of Bristol , Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew Burgess
- 5 The Healing Foundation Centre, University of Manchester , Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Kate Wicks
- 5 The Healing Foundation Centre, University of Manchester , Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Kimberly Mace
- 5 The Healing Foundation Centre, University of Manchester , Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Shaun Reeksting
- 6 Mass Spectrometry Service and Chemical Characterisation and Analysis Facility, University of Bath , Bath, United Kingdom
| | - Anneke Lubben
- 6 Mass Spectrometry Service and Chemical Characterisation and Analysis Facility, University of Bath , Bath, United Kingdom
| | | | - Giordano Pula
- 1 Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School , Exeter, United Kingdom
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Jingi AM, Tankeu AT, Ateba NA, Noubiap JJ. Mechanism of worsening diabetic retinopathy with rapid lowering of blood glucose: the synergistic hypothesis. BMC Endocr Disord 2017; 17:63. [PMID: 29017477 PMCID: PMC5635490 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-017-0213-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin treatment has been associated with a paradoxical worsening of diabetes retinopathy since many years in European cohorts. Recently, this issue has been stressed by some studies conducted in other parts of the world. However, the mechanism underlying such evolution is not well understood. An osmotic theory has been evocated but failed to explain the clinical features of the disease. Considering recent findings from basic and clinical research, we discuss the possibility of a synergistic hypothesis based on the simultaneous action of insulin and vascular endothelial growth factor on eye blood vessels. We postulate that exogenous insulin could act synergistically with the vascular endothelial growth factor expressed by ischemic retina so as to trigger vascular proliferation and the worsening of diabetes retinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmadou M Jingi
- Department of Internal Medicine and Specialties, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Aurel T Tankeu
- Department of Internal Medicine and Specialties, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Yaoundé, Cameroon
- National Obesity Center, Yaoundé Central Hospital, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | | | - Jean Jacques Noubiap
- Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town and Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, 7925, South Africa.
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34
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Mistry RK, Brewer AC. Redox regulation of gasotransmission in the vascular system: A focus on angiogenesis. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 108:500-516. [PMID: 28433660 PMCID: PMC5698259 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Revised: 04/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species have emerged as key participants in a broad range of physiological and pathophysiological processes, not least within the vascular system. Diverse cellular functions which have been attributed to some of these pro-oxidants within the vasculature include the regulation of blood pressure, neovascularisation and vascular inflammation. We here highlight the emerging roles of the enzymatically-generated reaction oxygen species, O2- and H2O2, in the regulation of the functions of the gaseous signalling molecules: nitric oxide (NO), carbon monoxide (CO), and hydrogen sulphide (H2S). These gasotransmitters are produced on demand from distinct enzymatic sources and in recent years it has become apparent that they are capable of mediating a number of homeostatic processes within the cardiovascular system including enhanced vasodilation, angiogenesis, wound healing and improved cardiac function following myocardial infarction. In common with O2- and/or H2O2 they signal by altering the functions of target proteins, either by the covalent modification of thiol groups or by direct binding to metal centres within metalloproteins, most notably haem proteins. The regulation of the enzymes which generate NO, CO and H2S have been shown to be influenced at both the transcriptional and post-translational levels by redox-dependent mechanisms, while the activity and bioavailability of the gasotransmitters themselves are also subject to oxidative modification. Within vascular cells, the family of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidases (NAPDH oxidases/Noxs) have emerged as functionally significant sources of regulated O2- and H2O2 production and accordingly, direct associations between Nox-generated oxidants and the functions of specific gasotransmitters are beginning to be identified. This review focuses on the current knowledge of the redox-dependent mechanisms which regulate the generation and activity of these gases, with particular reference to their roles in angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh K Mistry
- Cardiovascular Division, James Black Centre, King's College London BHF Centre of Excellence, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Alison C Brewer
- Cardiovascular Division, James Black Centre, King's College London BHF Centre of Excellence, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London SE5 9NU, UK.
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The Role of NOX4 and TRX2 in Angiogenesis and Their Potential Cross-Talk. Antioxidants (Basel) 2017; 6:antiox6020042. [PMID: 28594389 PMCID: PMC5488022 DOI: 10.3390/antiox6020042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Revised: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase (NOX) family is the major source of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the vascular system. In this family, NOX4, a constitutive active form of NOXs, plays an important role in angiogenesis. Thioredoxin 2 (TRX2) is a key mitochondrial redox protein that maintains normal protein function and also provides electrons to peroxiredoxin 3 (PRX3) to scavenge H₂O₂ in mitochondria. Angiogenesis, a process of new blood vessel formation, is involved in a variety of physiological processes and pathological conditions. It seems to be paradoxical for ROS-producing NOX4 and ROS-scavenging TRX2 to have a similar role in promoting angiogenesis. In this review, we will focus on data supporting the role of NOX4 and TRX2 in angiogenesis and their cross-talks and discuss how ROS can positively or negatively regulate angiogenesis, depending on their species, levels and locations. NOX4 and TRX2-mediated ROS signaling could be promising targets for the treatment of angiogenesis-related diseases.
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Teixeira G, Szyndralewiez C, Molango S, Carnesecchi S, Heitz F, Wiesel P, Wood JM. Therapeutic potential of NADPH oxidase 1/4 inhibitors. Br J Pharmacol 2017; 174:1647-1669. [PMID: 27273790 PMCID: PMC5446584 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Revised: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The NADPH oxidase (NOX) family of enzymes produces ROS as their sole function and is becoming recognized as key modulators of signal transduction pathways with a physiological role under acute stress and a pathological role after excessive activation under chronic stress. The seven isoforms differ in their regulation, tissue and subcellular localization and ROS products. The most studied are NOX1, 2 and 4. Genetic deletion of NOX1 and 4, in contrast to NOX2, has revealed no significant spontaneous pathologies and a pathogenic relevance of both NOX1 and 4 across multiple organs in a wide range of diseases and in particular inflammatory and fibrotic diseases. This has stimulated interest in NOX inhibitors for therapeutic application. GKT136901 and GKT137831 are two structurally related compounds demonstrating a preferential inhibition of NOX1 and 4 that have suitable properties for in vivo studies and have consequently been evaluated across a range of disease models and compared with gene deletion. In contrast to gene deletion, these inhibitors do not completely suppress ROS production, maintaining some basal level of ROS. Despite this and consistent with most gene deletion studies, these inhibitors are well tolerated and slow or prevent disease progression in a range of models of chronic inflammatory and fibrotic diseases by modulating common signal transduction pathways. Clinical trials in patients with GKT137831 have demonstrated excellent tolerability and reduction of various markers of chronic inflammation. NOX1/4 inhibition may provide a safe and effective therapeutic strategy for a range of inflammatory and fibrotic diseases. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on Redox Biology and Oxidative Stress in Health and Disease. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v174.12/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Teixeira
- Evotec International GmbHGoettingenGermany
| | | | - S Molango
- Genkyotex SAPlan les OuatesSwitzerland
| | | | - F Heitz
- Genkyotex SAPlan les OuatesSwitzerland
| | - P Wiesel
- Genkyotex SAPlan les OuatesSwitzerland
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Escudero CA, Herlitz K, Troncoso F, Guevara K, Acurio J, Aguayo C, Godoy AS, González M. Pro-angiogenic Role of Insulin: From Physiology to Pathology. Front Physiol 2017; 8:204. [PMID: 28424632 PMCID: PMC5380736 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The underlying molecular mechanisms involve in the regulation of the angiogenic process by insulin are not well understood. In this review article, we aim to describe the role of insulin and insulin receptor activation on the control of angiogenesis and how these mechanisms can be deregulated in human diseases. Functional expression of insulin receptors and their signaling pathways has been described on endothelial cells and pericytes, both of the main cells involved in vessel formation and maturation. Consequently, insulin has been shown to regulate endothelial cell migration, proliferation, and in vitro tubular structure formation through binding to its receptors and activation of intracellular phosphorylation cascades. Furthermore, insulin-mediated pro-angiogenic state is potentiated by generation of vascular growth factors, such as the vascular endothelial growth factor, produced by endothelial cells. Additionally, diseases such as insulin resistance, obesity, diabetes, and cancer may be associated with the deregulation of insulin-mediated angiogenesis. Despite this knowledge, the underlying molecular mechanisms need to be elucidated in order to provide new insights into the role of insulin on angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos A Escudero
- Group of Investigation in Tumor Angiogenesis, Vascular Physiology Laboratory, Basic Sciences Department, Universidad del Bío BíoChillán, Chile.,Group of Research and Innovation in Vascular Health, Department of Basic Sciences, Universidad del Bío-BíoChillán, Chile
| | - Kurt Herlitz
- Group of Investigation in Tumor Angiogenesis, Vascular Physiology Laboratory, Basic Sciences Department, Universidad del Bío BíoChillán, Chile
| | - Felipe Troncoso
- Group of Investigation in Tumor Angiogenesis, Vascular Physiology Laboratory, Basic Sciences Department, Universidad del Bío BíoChillán, Chile
| | - Katherine Guevara
- Group of Investigation in Tumor Angiogenesis, Vascular Physiology Laboratory, Basic Sciences Department, Universidad del Bío BíoChillán, Chile
| | - Jesenia Acurio
- Group of Investigation in Tumor Angiogenesis, Vascular Physiology Laboratory, Basic Sciences Department, Universidad del Bío BíoChillán, Chile
| | - Claudio Aguayo
- Group of Research and Innovation in Vascular Health, Department of Basic Sciences, Universidad del Bío-BíoChillán, Chile.,Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of ConcepciónConcepción, Chile
| | - Alejandro S Godoy
- Department of Physiology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de ChileSantiago, Chile.,Department of Urology, Roswell Park Cancer InstituteBuffalo, NY, USA
| | - Marcelo González
- Group of Research and Innovation in Vascular Health, Department of Basic Sciences, Universidad del Bío-BíoChillán, Chile.,Vascular Physiology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Universidad of ConcepciónConcepción, Chile
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Hakami NY, Ranjan AK, Hardikar AA, Dusting GJ, Peshavariya HM. Role of NADPH Oxidase-4 in Human Endothelial Progenitor Cells. Front Physiol 2017; 8:150. [PMID: 28386230 PMCID: PMC5362645 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) display a unique ability to promote angiogenesis and restore endothelial function in injured blood vessels. NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4)-derived hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) serves as a signaling molecule and promotes endothelial cell proliferation and migration as well as protecting against cell death. However, the role of NOX4 in EPC function is not completely understood. Methods: EPCs were isolated from human saphenous vein and mammary artery discarded during bypass surgery. NOX4 gene and protein expression in EPCs were measured by real time-PCR and Western blot analysis respectively. NOX4 gene expression was inhibited using an adenoviral vector expressing human NOX4 shRNA (Ad-NOX4i). H2O2 production was measured by Amplex red assay. EPC migration was evaluated using a transwell migration assay. EPC proliferation and viability were measured using trypan blue counts. Results: Inhibition of NOX4 using Ad-NOX4i reduced Nox4 gene and protein expression as well as H2O2 formation in EPCs. Inhibition of NOX4-derived H2O2 decreased both proliferation and migration of EPCs. Interestingly, pro-inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) decreased NOX4 expression and reduced survival of EPCs. However, the survival of EPCs was further diminished by TNF-α in NOX4-knockdown cells, suggesting that NOX4 has a protective role in EPCs. Conclusion: These findings suggest that NOX4-type NADPH oxidase is important for proliferation and migration functions of EPCs and protects against pro-inflammatory cytokine induced EPC death. These properties of NOX4 may facilitate the efficient function of EPCs which is vital for successful neovascularization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora Y Hakami
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear HospitalEast Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Ophthalmology, University of Melbourne, Department of SurgeryEast Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of MelbourneMelbourne, VIC, Australia; Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz UniversityJeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amaresh K Ranjan
- Cardiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Hospital New York, NY, USA
| | - Anandwardhan A Hardikar
- Diabetes and Islet Biology, NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Greg J Dusting
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear HospitalEast Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Ophthalmology, University of Melbourne, Department of SurgeryEast Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Hitesh M Peshavariya
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear HospitalEast Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Ophthalmology, University of Melbourne, Department of SurgeryEast Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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The Transcription Factor Bach1 Suppresses the Developmental Angiogenesis of Zebrafish. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:2143875. [PMID: 28392885 PMCID: PMC5368388 DOI: 10.1155/2017/2143875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Bach1 disrupts Wnt/β-catenin signaling, reduces the proliferation, migration, and tube formation activity of endothelial cells (ECs), and suppresses angiogenesis in mice with surgically induced hind-limb ischemia (HLI). However, the function of Bach1 during developmental angiogenesis in zebrafish remains unclear. Here, we found that zebrafish Bach1 was expressed ubiquitously during early embryonic development in zebrafish. Bach1b mRNA injection of Tg(fli1:gfp) fish disrupted intersegmental vessels (ISV) and dorsal longitudinal anastomotic vessels (DLAV) and suppressed endogenous Wnt/β-catenin signaling and Wnt8a stimulated vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) gene expression at early embryonic stages of zebrafish. Furthermore, chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments confirmed that Bach1 occupied the TCF/LEF-binding site of the VEGF promoter in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Bach1 inhibited VEGF transcription by recruiting histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) to the VEGF promoter in HUVECs. Exogenous administration of VEGF or IL-8 partially rescued Bach1-driven antiangiogenic functions in HUVECs. Taken together, these observations indicate that Bach1 suppresses the developmental angiogenesis of zebrafish and that this function is associated with declines in Wnt/β-catenin signaling and VEGF and IL-8 expression.
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Kang MK, Park SH, Kim YH, Lee EJ, Antika LD, Kim DY, Choi YJ, Kang YH. Dietary Compound Chrysin Inhibits Retinal Neovascularization with Abnormal Capillaries in db/db Mice. Nutrients 2016; 8:nu8120782. [PMID: 27918469 PMCID: PMC5188437 DOI: 10.3390/nu8120782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Revised: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) develops in a significant proportion of patients with chronic diabetes, characterized by retinal macular edema and abnormal retinal vessel outgrowth leading to vision loss. Chrysin, a naturally-occurring flavonoid found in herb and honeycomb, has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-cancer properties. This study sought to determine the protective effects of chrysin on retinal neovascularization with abnormal vessels and blood-retinal barrier (BRB) breakdown in 33 mM glucose-exposed human retinal endothelial cells and in db/db mouse eyes. High glucose caused retinal endothelial apoptotic injury, which was inhibited by submicromolar chrysin. This compound diminished the enhanced induction of HIF-1α, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and VEGF receptor-2 (VEGFR2) in high glucose-exposed retinal endothelial cells. Consistently, oral administration of 10 mg/kg chrysin reduced the induction of these proteins in db/db mouse eye tissues. In addition, chrysin restored the decrement of VE-cadherin and ZO-1 junction proteins and PECAM-1 in hyperglycemia-stimulated retinal endothelial cells and diabetic mouse retina, possibly maintaining tight cell-cell interactions of endothelial cells and pericytes. Anti-apoptotic chrysin reduced the up-regulation of Ang-1, Ang-2, and Tie-2 crucial to retinal capillary occlusion and BRB permeability. Furthermore, orally treating chrysin inhibited acellular capillary formation, neovascularization, and vascular leakage observed in diabetic retinas. These observations demonstrate, for the first time, that chrysin had a capability to encumber diabetes-associated retinal neovascularization with microvascular abnormalities and BRB breakdown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Kyung Kang
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea.
| | - Sin-Hye Park
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea.
| | - Yun-Ho Kim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea.
| | - Eun-Jung Lee
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea.
| | - Lucia Dwi Antika
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea.
| | - Dong Yeon Kim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea.
| | - Yean-Jung Choi
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea.
| | - Young-Hee Kang
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea.
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Jingi AM, Noubiap JJN, Essouma M, Bigna JJR, Nansseu JRN, Ellong A, Mvogo CE. Association of insulin treatment versus oral hypoglycaemic agents with diabetic retinopathy and its severity in type 2 diabetes patients in Cameroon, sub-Saharan Africa. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2016; 4:395. [PMID: 27867947 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2016.08.42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disease associated with multiple macro and microvascular complications, diabetic retinopathy (DR) being the commonest one. Recent literature has reported an increased risk of DR with insulin use. METHODS We carried out a cross-sectional study at the Ophthalmology Department of the Douala General Hospital (DGH) during a 2-year period to explore the association between insulin treatment and both DR and its severity as compared with oral hypoglycemic agents (OHAs) in Cameroonian T2DM patients aged ≥35 years, and who were all screened for DR through eye examination including exhaustive retinal evaluation. RESULTS In total, medical files of 134 T2DM patients were analyzed. The frequency of DR was 54.1% among patients on OHA and 73.9% among those on insulin treatment, giving an overall frequency of 57.5%. There were significantly more OHA treated patients than insulin treated patients (82.8% vs. 17.2%, P<0.001). As expected, both the OHA and insulin groups were comparable by age, sex, duration of diabetes, past history of hypertension, alcohol misuse, and current tobacco smoking. DR was almost significantly more frequent in T2DM patients under insulin regimen than in patients under OHA [73.9% vs. 54.1%; odds ratio (OR) 2.4; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.9-6.6; P=0.06]. Proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) was significantly more observed in insulin treated patients than in OHA treated patients (34.8% vs. 15.3%; OR 2.95; 95% CI, 1.1-8; P=0.035). Irrespective of staging, the frequency of diabetic macular edema (DME) was significantly higher in the insulin group than in the OHA group (43.5% vs. 19.8%; OR 3.1; 95% CI, 1.2-8; P=0.019). CONCLUSIONS Compared with OHA, insulin therapy may be associated with DR, DR severity and DME in these T2DM sub-Saharan African patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmadou M Jingi
- Department of Internal Medicine and Specialties, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Jean Jacques N Noubiap
- Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital and University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa;; Medical Diagnostic Center, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Mickael Essouma
- Department of Medicine, Sangmelima Referral Hospital, Sangmelima, Cameroon
| | - Jean Joel R Bigna
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Centre Pasteur of Cameroon, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Jobert Richie N Nansseu
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Augustin Ellong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Côme Ebana Mvogo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Yaoundé, Cameroon
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Nox2 contributes to the arterial endothelial specification of mouse induced pluripotent stem cells by upregulating Notch signaling. Sci Rep 2016; 6:33737. [PMID: 27642005 PMCID: PMC5027389 DOI: 10.1038/srep33737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have a crucial role in stem-cell differentiation; however, the mechanisms by which ROS regulate the differentiation of stem cells into endothelial cells (ECs) are unknown. Here, we determine the role of ROS produced by NADPH oxidase 2 (Nox2) in the endothelial-lineage specification of mouse induced-pluripotent stem cells (miPSCs). When wild-type (WT) and Nox2-knockout (Nox2−/−) miPSCs were differentiated into ECs (miPSC-ECs), the expression of endothelial markers, arterial endothelial markers, pro-angiogenic cytokines, and Notch pathway components was suppressed in the Nox2−/− cells but increased in both WT and Nox2−/− miPSCs when Nox2 expression was upregulated. Higher levels of Nox2 expression increased Notch signaling and arterial EC differentiation, and this increase was abolished by the inhibition of ROS generation or by the silencing of Notch1 expression. Nox2 deficiency was associated with declines in the survival and angiogenic potency of miPSC-ECs, and capillary and arterial density were lower in the ischemic limbs of mice after treatment with Nox2−/− miPSC-ECs than WT miPSC-EC treatment. Taken together, these observations indicate that Nox2-mediated ROS production promotes arterial EC specification in differentiating miPSCs by activating the Notch signaling pathway and contributes to the angiogenic potency of transplanted miPSC-derived ECs.
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Li J, Krishna SM, Golledge J. The Potential Role of Kallistatin in the Development of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17081312. [PMID: 27529213 PMCID: PMC5000709 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17081312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Revised: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a vascular condition that causes permanent dilation of the abdominal aorta, which can lead to death due to aortic rupture. The only treatment for AAA is surgical repair, and there is no current drug treatment for AAA. Aortic inflammation, vascular smooth muscle cell apoptosis, angiogenesis, oxidative stress and vascular remodeling are implicated in AAA pathogenesis. Kallistatin is a serine proteinase inhibitor, which has been shown to have a variety of functions, potentially relevant in AAA pathogenesis. Kallistatin has been reported to have inhibitory effects on tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) signaling induced oxidative stress and apoptosis. Kallistatin also inhibits vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and Wnt canonical signaling, which promote inflammation, angiogenesis, and vascular remodeling in various pre-clinical experimental models. This review explores the potential protective role of kallistatin in AAA pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaze Li
- Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease, College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, 4811 Townsville, Australia.
| | - Smriti Murali Krishna
- Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease, College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, 4811 Townsville, Australia.
| | - Jonathan Golledge
- Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease, College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, 4811 Townsville, Australia.
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, The Townsville Hospital, 4811 Townsville, Australia.
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Bach1 Induces Endothelial Cell Apoptosis and Cell-Cycle Arrest through ROS Generation. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:6234043. [PMID: 27057283 PMCID: PMC4789484 DOI: 10.1155/2016/6234043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Revised: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The transcription factor BTB and CNC homology 1 (Bach1) regulates genes involved in the oxidative stress response and cell-cycle progression. We have recently shown that Bach1 impairs cell proliferation and promotes apoptosis in cultured endothelial cells (ECs), but the underlying mechanisms are largely uncharacterized. Here we demonstrate that Bach1 upregulation impaired the blood flow recovery from hindlimb ischemia and this effect was accompanied both by increases in reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cleaved caspase 3 levels and by declines in the expression of cyclin D1 in the injured tissues. We found that Bach1 overexpression induced mitochondrial ROS production and caspase 3-dependent apoptosis and its depletion attenuated H2O2-induced apoptosis in cultured human microvascular endothelial cells (HMVECs). Bach1-induced apoptosis was largely abolished when the cells were cultured with N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC), a ROS scavenger. Exogenous expression of Bach1 inhibited the cell proliferation and the expression of cyclin D1, induced an S-phase arrest, and increased the expression of cyclin E2, which were partially blocked by NAC. Taken together, our results suggest that Bach1 suppresses cell proliferation and induces cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis by increasing mitochondrial ROS production, suggesting that Bach1 may be a promising treatment target for the treatment of vascular diseases.
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Calabriso N, Massaro M, Scoditti E, D’Amore S, Gnoni A, Pellegrino M, Storelli C, De Caterina R, Palasciano G, Carluccio MA. Extra virgin olive oil rich in polyphenols modulates VEGF-induced angiogenic responses by preventing NADPH oxidase activity and expression. J Nutr Biochem 2016; 28:19-29. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2015.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Revised: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Ursini F, Maiorino M, Forman HJ. Redox homeostasis: The Golden Mean of healthy living. Redox Biol 2016; 8:205-15. [PMID: 26820564 PMCID: PMC4732014 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2016.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 259] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Revised: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The notion that electrophiles serve as messengers in cell signaling is now widely accepted. Nonetheless, major issues restrain acceptance of redox homeostasis and redox signaling as components of maintenance of a normal physiological steady state. The first is that redox signaling requires sudden switching on of oxidant production and bypassing of antioxidant mechanisms rather than a continuous process that, like other signaling mechanisms, can be smoothly turned up or down. The second is the misperception that reactions in redox signaling involve “reactive oxygen species” rather than reaction of specific electrophiles with specific protein thiolates. The third is that hormesis provides protection against oxidants by increasing cellular defense or repair mechanisms rather than by specifically addressing the offset of redox homeostasis. Instead, we propose that both oxidant and antioxidant signaling are main features of redox homeostasis. As the redox shift is rapidly reversed by feedback reactions, homeostasis is maintained by continuous signaling for production and elimination of electrophiles and nucleophiles. Redox homeostasis, which is the maintenance of nucleophilic tone, accounts for a healthy physiological steady state. Electrophiles and nucleophiles are not intrinsically harmful or protective, and redox homeostasis is an essential feature of both the response to challenges and subsequent feedback. While the balance between oxidants and nucleophiles is preserved in redox homeostasis, oxidative stress provokes the establishment of a new radically altered redox steady state. The popular belief that scavenging free radicals by antioxidants has a beneficial effect is wishful thinking. We propose, instead, that continuous feedback preserves nucleophilic tone and that this is supported by redox active nutritional phytochemicals. These nonessential compounds, by activating Nrf2, mimic the effect of endogenously produced electrophiles (parahormesis). In summary, while hormesis, although globally protective, results in setting up of a new phenotype, parahormesis contributes to health by favoring maintenance of homeostasis. Redox homeostasis is the continuously challenged oxidative/nucleophilic balance. Rheostatic redox signaling enzymes maintain oxidative/nucleophilic homeostasis. Phytochemicals assist redox homeostasis through oxidative feedback (parahormesis). Adaptation and hormesis while protective establish a new phenotype and set point.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fulvio Ursini
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Viale G. Colombo 3, I-35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Matilde Maiorino
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Viale G. Colombo 3, I-35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Henry Jay Forman
- Andrus Gerontology Center of the Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern, California, 3715 McClintock Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90089-0191, USA
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Oxidative Dimerization of PHD2 is Responsible for its Inactivation and Contributes to Metabolic Reprogramming via HIF-1α Activation. Sci Rep 2016; 6:18928. [PMID: 26740011 PMCID: PMC4703963 DOI: 10.1038/srep18928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Prolyl hydroxylase domain protein 2 (PHD2) belongs to an evolutionarily conserved superfamily of 2-oxoglutarate and Fe(II)-dependent dioxygenases that mediates homeostatic responses to oxygen deprivation by mediating hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) hydroxylation and degradation. Although oxidative stress contributes to the inactivation of PHD2, the precise molecular mechanism of PHD2 inactivation independent of the levels of co-factors is not understood. Here, we identified disulfide bond-mediated PHD2 homo-dimer formation in response to oxidative stress caused by oxidizing agents and oncogenic H-rasV12 signalling. Cysteine residues in the double-stranded β-helix fold that constitutes the catalytic site of PHD isoforms appeared responsible for the oxidative dimerization. Furthermore, we demonstrated that disulfide bond-mediated PHD2 dimerization is associated with the stabilization and activation of HIF-1α under oxidative stress. Oncogenic H-rasV12 signalling facilitates the accumulation of HIF-1α in the nucleus and promotes aerobic glycolysis and lactate production. Moreover, oncogenic H-rasV12 does not trigger aerobic glycolysis in antioxidant-treated or PHD2 knocked-down cells, suggesting the participation of the ROS-mediated PHD2 inactivation in the oncogenic H-rasV12-mediated metabolic reprogramming. We provide here a better understanding of the mechanism by which disulfide bond-mediated PHD2 dimerization and inactivation result in the activation of HIF-1α and aerobic glycolysis in response to oxidative stress.
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Sargent KM, Clopton DT, Lu N, Pohlmeier WE, Cupp AS. VEGFA splicing: divergent isoforms regulate spermatogonial stem cell maintenance. Cell Tissue Res 2015; 363:31-45. [PMID: 26553653 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-015-2297-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Despite being well-known for regulating angiogenesis in both normal and tumorigenic environments, vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) has been recently implicated in male fertility, namely in the maintenance of spermatogonial stem cells (SSC). The VEGFA gene can be spliced into multiple distinct isoforms that are either angiogenic or antiangiogenic in nature. Although studies have demonstrated the alternative splicing of VEGFA, including the divergent roles of the two isoform family types, many investigations do not differentiate between them. Data concerning VEGFA in the mammalian testis are limited, but the various angiogenic isoforms appear to promote seminiferous cord formation and to form a gradient across which cells may migrate. Treatment with either antiangiogenic isoforms of VEGFA or with inhibitors to angiogenic signaling impair these processes. Serendipitously, expression of KDR, the primary receptor for both types of VEGFA isoforms, was observed on male germ cells. These findings led to further investigation of the way that VEGFA elicits avascular functions within testes. Following treatment of donor perinatal male mice with either antiangiogenic VEGFA165b or angiogenic VEGFA164 isoforms, seminiferous tubules were less colonized following transplantation with cells from VEGFA165b-treated donors. Thus, VEGFA165b and possibly other antiangiogenic isoforms of VEGFA reduce SSC number either by promoting premature differentiation, inducing cell death, or by preventing SSC formation. Thus, angiogenic isoforms of VEGFA are hypothesized to promote SSC self-renewal, and the divergent isoforms are thought to balance one another to maintain SSC homeostasis in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin M Sargent
- Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, A224i Animal Science Building, 3940 Fair Street, Lincoln, NE 68583-0908, USA
| | - Debra T Clopton
- Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, A224i Animal Science Building, 3940 Fair Street, Lincoln, NE 68583-0908, USA
| | - Ningxia Lu
- Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, A224i Animal Science Building, 3940 Fair Street, Lincoln, NE 68583-0908, USA
| | - William E Pohlmeier
- Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, A224i Animal Science Building, 3940 Fair Street, Lincoln, NE 68583-0908, USA
| | - Andrea S Cupp
- Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, A224i Animal Science Building, 3940 Fair Street, Lincoln, NE 68583-0908, USA.
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Panieri E, Santoro MM. ROS signaling and redox biology in endothelial cells. Cell Mol Life Sci 2015; 72:3281-303. [PMID: 25972278 PMCID: PMC11113497 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-015-1928-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Revised: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of redox mechanisms, sources and antioxidants that control signaling events in ECs. In particular, we describe which molecules are involved in redox signaling and how they influence the relationship between ECs and other vascular component with regard to angiogenesis. Recent and new tools to investigate physiological ROS signaling will be also discussed. Such findings are providing an overview of the ROS biology relevant for endothelial cells in the context of normal and pathological angiogenic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emiliano Panieri
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Massimo M. Santoro
- Laboratory of Endothelial Molecular Biology, Vesalius Research Center, VIB, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory of Endothelial Molecular Biology, Department of Oncology, University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
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50
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Burgoyne JR, Rudyk O, Cho HJ, Prysyazhna O, Hathaway N, Weeks A, Evans R, Ng T, Schröder K, Brandes RP, Shah AM, Eaton P. Deficient angiogenesis in redox-dead Cys17Ser PKARIα knock-in mice. Nat Commun 2015; 6:7920. [PMID: 26258640 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms8920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2014] [Accepted: 06/24/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis is essential for tissue development, wound healing and tissue perfusion, with its dysregulation linked to tumorigenesis, rheumatoid arthritis and heart disease. Here we show that pro-angiogenic stimuli couple to NADPH oxidase-dependent generation of oxidants that catalyse an activating intermolecular-disulphide between regulatory-RIα subunits of protein kinase A (PKA), which stimulates PKA-dependent ERK signalling. This is crucial to blood vessel growth as 'redox-dead' Cys17Ser RIα knock-in mice fully resistant to PKA disulphide-activation have deficient angiogenesis in models of hind limb ischaemia and tumour-implant growth. Disulphide-activation of PKA represents a new therapeutic target in diseases with aberrant angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph R Burgoyne
- King's College London, Cardiovascular Division, The British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, The Rayne Institute, Saint Thomas' Hospital, London SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Olena Rudyk
- King's College London, Cardiovascular Division, The British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, The Rayne Institute, Saint Thomas' Hospital, London SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Hyun-Ju Cho
- King's College London, Cardiovascular Division, The British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, The Rayne Institute, Saint Thomas' Hospital, London SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Oleksandra Prysyazhna
- King's College London, Cardiovascular Division, The British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, The Rayne Institute, Saint Thomas' Hospital, London SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Natasha Hathaway
- King's College London, Cardiovascular Division, The British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, The Rayne Institute, Saint Thomas' Hospital, London SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Amanda Weeks
- King's College London, Division of Imaging Sciences, The Rayne Institute, Saint Thomas' Hospital, London SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Rachel Evans
- King's College London, Division of Cancer Studies, 2nd Floor, New Hunt's House, Guy's Medical School Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Tony Ng
- King's College London, Division of Cancer Studies, 2nd Floor, New Hunt's House, Guy's Medical School Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Katrin Schröder
- Institut für Kardiovaskuläre Physiologie, Goethe-Universität, Theodor-Stern Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Ralf P Brandes
- Institut für Kardiovaskuläre Physiologie, Goethe-Universität, Theodor-Stern Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Ajay M Shah
- King's College London, Cardiovascular Division, The British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, The James Black Centre, Denmark Hill Campus, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Philip Eaton
- King's College London, Cardiovascular Division, The British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, The Rayne Institute, Saint Thomas' Hospital, London SE1 7EH, UK
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