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Tavvabi-Kashani N, Hasanpour M, Baradaran Rahimi V, Vahdati-Mashhadian N, Askari VR. Pharmacodynamic, pharmacokinetic, toxicity, and recent advances in Eugenol's potential benefits against natural and chemical noxious agents: A mechanistic review. Toxicon 2024; 238:107607. [PMID: 38191032 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2024.107607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
The active biological phytochemicals, crucial compounds employed in creating hundreds of medications, are derived from valuable and medicinally significant plants. These phytochemicals offer excellent protection from various illnesses, including inflammatory disorders and chronic conditions caused by oxidative stress. A phenolic monoterpenoid known as eugenol (EUG), it is typically found in the essential oils of many plant species from the Myristicaceae, Myrtaceae, Lamiaceae, and Lauraceae families. One of the main ingredients of clove oil (Syzygium aromaticum (L.), Myrtaceae), it has several applications in industry, including flavoring food, pharmaceutics, dentistry, agriculture, and cosmeceuticals. Due to its excellent potential for avoiding many chronic illnesses, it has lately attracted attention. EUG has been classified as a nonmutant, generally acknowledged as a safe (GRAS) chemical by the World Health Organization (WHO). According to the existing research, EUG possesses notable anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, analgesic, antibacterial, antispasmodic, and apoptosis-promoting properties, which have lately gained attention for its ability to control chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial malfunction and dramatically impact human wellness. The purpose of this review is to evaluate the scientific evidence from the most significant research studies that have been published regarding the protective role and detoxifying effects of EUG against a wide range of toxins, including biological and chemical toxins, as well as different drugs and pesticides that produce a variety of toxicities, throughout view of the possible advantages of EUG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Negin Tavvabi-Kashani
- Student Research Committee, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Maede Hasanpour
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Medicinal Plants Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vafa Baradaran Rahimi
- Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Naser Vahdati-Mashhadian
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Vahid Reza Askari
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Bello KAS, Wilke MCB, Simões RP, Landim-Vieira M, Langa P, Stefanon I, Vassallo DV, Fernandes AA. Chronic exposure to mercury increases arrhythmia and mortality post-acute myocardial infarction in rats. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1260509. [PMID: 37929206 PMCID: PMC10622797 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1260509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Mercury (Hg) is a heavy metal that causes a variety of toxic effects in eukaryotic cells. Previous studies have reported detrimental effects of mercury toxicity in the cardiovascular system. Given the importance of understanding the relationship between Hg and cardiovascular disease, we sought to investigate if the Hg could worsen the myocardial repercussions following ischemic injury. We demonstrated that once mercury toxicity is established, it can influence the outcome of myocardial infarction (MI). Methods: Male Wistar rats received intramuscular injections of either saline (NaCl 0.9%) or mercuric chloride (HgCl2, first dose of 4.6 μg/kg, and subsequent doses of 0.07 μg/kg/day) for 4 weeks. Three weeks post-exposure, we induced transmural infarction in the left ventricle free wall through coronary artery occlusion surgery. Results: ECG recordings obtained from MI groups demonstrated alterations in the rhythm of the heartbeat/heart electrical activity, as expected, including ventricular extrasystoles and ventricular tachycardia. However, the MI group exposed to Hg (MI-Hg) exhibited augmented ventricular extrasystoles and ventricular tachycardia compared to the MI group. Also, Basckó coefficient revealed that the arrhythmic events-after MI-were aggravated by Hg exposure. Discussion: Our results indicate that the significantly increased mortality in MI-Hg groups when compared to MI (21%, MI vs 32%, MI-Hg) is correlated with greater occurrence of arrhythmias. In conclusion, this study further supports the idea that exposure to mercury (Hg) should be recognized as a significant risk factor that exacerbates the impact of cardiac ischemic injury, potentially leading to an increased mortality rate among patients experiencing acute MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keren A. S. Bello
- Department of Physiological Sciences of the Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitória, Espirito Santo, Brazil
| | - Maria Clara B. Wilke
- Department of Physiological Sciences of the Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitória, Espirito Santo, Brazil
| | - Rakel P. Simões
- Department of Physiological Sciences of the Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitória, Espirito Santo, Brazil
| | - Maicon Landim-Vieira
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United States
| | - Paulina Langa
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Ivanita Stefanon
- Department of Physiological Sciences of the Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitória, Espirito Santo, Brazil
| | - Dalton Valentim Vassallo
- Department of Physiological Sciences of the Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitória, Espirito Santo, Brazil
| | - Aurélia Araújo Fernandes
- Department of Physiological Sciences of the Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitória, Espirito Santo, Brazil
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Comparative Efficacy of Antihypertensive Agents in Flow-Mediated Vasodilation of Patients with Hypertension: Network Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trial. Int J Hypertens 2022; 2022:2432567. [PMID: 35535214 PMCID: PMC9078796 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2432567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertension induces both structural and functional changes in blood vessels, thereby increasing endothelial dysfunction, which in turn, contributes to an increase in blood pressure. A popular and widely used noninvasive tool, flow-mediated dilation (FMD), is used to examine peripheral artery endothelium-dependent dilation. This study aimed to compare the efficacies of different classes of antihypertensive agents based on their effects on FMD. PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library were queried till November 1, 2020. Comparative studies on the efficacies of two or more antihypertensive agents or placebos for hypertensive patients were included. The outcomes were variations in mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Two reviewers independently reviewed and filtered the literature and extracted the data; the Cochrane “risk of bias” method was used to evaluate the methodological quality of the randomized controlled trials. A network meta-analysis was performed using Stata 15.0 software with a total of 49 studies. Subgroup analysis based on age and duration of treatments was performed. As compared to the placebo group, patients receiving the antihypertensive drugs exhibited significantly enhanced FMD (ARB + CCB: 4.01%, 95% CI, 0.92–7.11%, p < 0.001; ACEI + ARB: 2.81%, 95% CI, 1.19–4.43%, p < 0.001; ACEI: 2.55%, 95% CI, 1.34–3.77%, p < 0.001; ARB: 2.22%, 95% CI, 1.05–3.38%, p < 0.001; β-blocker: 2.23%, 95% CI, 0.93–3.52%, p < 0.001). In the SUCRA curve for network meta-analysis, the combination of CCB and ARB was found to be the most effective in increasing FMD (SUCRA = 89.0%), followed by ACEI monotherapy (SUCRA = 74.2%). ARB combined with CCB was superior in improving the endothelial function measured as the FMD; ACEI monotherapy was the most effective treatment among the antihypertension medications. There were no significant differences between antihypertensive drug-based monotherapies.
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Mungmunpuntipantip R, Wiwanitkit V. New COVID-19 vaccine, thiomerosol, and reversible cerebral vasoconstriction. MEDICAL JOURNAL OF DR. D.Y. PATIL VIDYAPEETH 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/mjdrdypu.mjdrdypu_398_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Fowler J, Tsui MTK, Chavez J, Khan S, Ahmed H, Smith L, Jia Z. Methyl mercury triggers endothelial leukocyte adhesion and increases expression of cell adhesion molecules and chemokines. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2021; 246:2522-2532. [PMID: 34308659 DOI: 10.1177/15353702211033812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of morbidity, mortality, and health care costs in the USA, and around the world. Among the various risk factors of cardiovascular disease, environmental and dietary exposures to methyl mercury, a highly toxic metal traditionally labeled as a neurotoxin, have been epidemiologically linked to human cardiovascular disease development. However, its role in development and promotion of atherosclerosis, an initial step in more immediately life-threatening cardiovascular diseases, remains unclear. This study was conducted to examine the role that methyl mercury plays in the adhesion of monocytes to human microvascular endothelial cells (HMEC-1), and the underlying mechanisms. Methyl mercury treatment significantly induced the adhesion of monocyte to HMEC-1 endothelial cells, a critical step in atherosclerosis, while also upregulating the expression of proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-6, interleukin-8. Further, methyl mercury treatment also upregulated the chemotactic cytokine monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and intercellular adhesion molecule-1. These molecules are imperative for the firm adhesion of leukocytes to endothelial cells. Additionally, our results further demonstrated that methyl mercury stimulated a significant increase in NF-κB activation. These findings suggest that NF-κB signaling pathway activation by methyl mercury is an important factor in the binding of monocytes to endothelial cells. Finally, by using flow cytometric analysis, methyl mercury treatment caused a significant increase in necrotic cell death only at higher concentrations without initiating apoptosis. This study provides new insights into the molecular actions of methyl mercury that can lead to endothelial dysfunction, inflammation, and subsequent atherosclerotic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Fowler
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27410, USA
| | - Martin Tsz-Ki Tsui
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27410, USA.,School of Life Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 00000, China
| | - Jessica Chavez
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27410, USA
| | - Safeera Khan
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27410, USA
| | - Hassan Ahmed
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27410, USA
| | - Lena Smith
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27410, USA
| | - Zhenquan Jia
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27410, USA
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Notariale R, Infantino R, Palazzo E, Manna C. Erythrocytes as a Model for Heavy Metal-Related Vascular Dysfunction: The Protective Effect of Dietary Components. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:6604. [PMID: 34203038 PMCID: PMC8235350 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Heavy metals are toxic environmental pollutants associated with severe ecological and human health risks. Among them is mercury (Hg), widespread in air, soil, and water, due to its peculiar geo-biochemical cycle. The clinical consequences of Hg exposure include neurotoxicity and nephrotoxicity. Furthermore, increased risk for cardiovascular diseases is also reported due to a direct effect on cardiovascular tissues, including endothelial cells, recently identified as important targets for the harmful action of heavy metals. In this review, we will discuss the rationale for the potential use of erythrocytes as a surrogate model to study Hg-related toxicity on the cardiovascular system. The toxic effects of Hg on erythrocytes have been amply investigated in the last few years. Among the observed alterations, phosphatidylserine exposure has been proposed as an underlying mechanism responsible for Hg-induced increased proatherogenic and prothrombotic activity of these cells. Furthermore, following Hg-exposure, a decrease in NOS activity has also been reported, with consequent lowering of NO bioavailability, thus impairing endothelial function. An additional mechanism that may induce a decrease in NO availability is the generation of an oxidative microenvironment. Finally, considering that chronic Hg exposure mainly occurs through contaminated foods, the protective effect of dietary components is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosaria Notariale
- Department of Precision Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy;
| | - Rosmara Infantino
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Division of Pharmacology, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (R.I.); (E.P.)
| | - Enza Palazzo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Division of Pharmacology, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (R.I.); (E.P.)
| | - Caterina Manna
- Department of Precision Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy;
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Pamphlett R, Doble PA, Bishop DP. The Prevalence of Inorganic Mercury in Human Kidneys Suggests a Role for Toxic Metals in Essential Hypertension. TOXICS 2021; 9:67. [PMID: 33801008 PMCID: PMC8004013 DOI: 10.3390/toxics9030067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The kidney plays a dominant role in the pathogenesis of essential hypertension, but the initial pathogenic events in the kidney leading to hypertension are not known. Exposure to mercury has been linked to many diseases including hypertension in epidemiological and experimental studies, so we studied the distribution and prevalence of mercury in the human kidney. Paraffin sections of kidneys were available from 129 people ranging in age from 1 to 104 years who had forensic/coronial autopsies. One individual had injected himself with metallic mercury, the other 128 were from varied clinicopathological backgrounds without known exposure to mercury. Sections were stained for inorganic mercury using autometallography. Laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) was used on six samples to confirm the presence of autometallography-detected mercury and to look for other toxic metals. In the 128 people without known mercury exposure, mercury was found in: (1) proximal tubules of the cortex and Henle thin loops of the medulla, in 25% of kidneys (and also in the man who injected himself with mercury), (2) proximal tubules only in 16% of kidneys, and (3) Henle thin loops only in 23% of kidneys. The age-related proportion of people who had any mercury in their kidney was 0% at 1-20 years, 66% at 21-40 years, 77% at 41-60 years, 84% at 61-80 years, and 64% at 81-104 years. LA-ICP-MS confirmed the presence of mercury in samples staining with autometallography and showed cadmium, lead, iron, nickel, and silver in some kidneys. In conclusion, mercury is found commonly in the adult human kidney, where it appears to accumulate in proximal tubules and Henle thin loops until an advanced age. Dysfunctions of both these cortical and medullary regions have been implicated in the pathogenesis of essential hypertension, so these findings suggest that further studies of the effects of mercury on blood pressure are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger Pamphlett
- Discipline of Pathology, Brain and Mind Centre, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2050, Australia
- Department of Neuropathology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney 2050, Australia
| | - Philip A. Doble
- Elemental Bio-Imaging Facility, School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney 2007, Australia; (P.A.D.); (D.P.B.)
| | - David P. Bishop
- Elemental Bio-Imaging Facility, School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney 2007, Australia; (P.A.D.); (D.P.B.)
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8
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Martins AC, Santos AAD, Lopes ACBA, Skalny AV, Aschner M, Tinkov AA, Paoliello MMB. Endothelial Dysfunction Induced by Cadmium and Mercury and its Relationship to Hypertension. Curr Hypertens Rev 2021; 17:14-26. [PMID: 33475076 DOI: 10.2174/1573402117666210121102405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Hypertension is an important public health concern that affects millions globally, leading to a large number of morbidities and fatalities. The etiology of hypertension is complex and multifactorial, and it involves environmental factors, including heavy metals. Cadmium and mercury are toxic elements commonly found in the environment, contributing to hypertension. We aimed to assess the role of cadmium and mercury-induced endothelial dysfunction in the development of hypertension. A narrative review was carried out through database searches. In this review, we discussed the critical roles of cadmium and mercury in the etiology of hypertension and provided new insights into potential mechanisms of their effect, focusing primarily on endothelial dysfunction. Although the mechanisms by which cadmium and mercury induce hypertension have yet to be completely elucidated, evidence for both implicates impaired nitric oxide signaling in their hypertensive etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Airton C Martins
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, United States
| | - Alessanda A D Santos
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, United States
| | - Ana C B A Lopes
- Graduate Program in Public Health, Center of Health Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Anatoly V Skalny
- Medical Elementology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, United States
| | - Alexey A Tinkov
- Medical Elementology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Monica M B Paoliello
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, United States
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Chronic Mercury Exposure in Prehypertensive SHRs Accelerates Hypertension Development and Activates Vasoprotective Mechanisms by Increasing NO and H 2O 2 Production. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2020; 20:197-210. [PMID: 31338744 DOI: 10.1007/s12012-019-09545-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Mercury is a heavy metal associated with cardiovascular diseases. Studies have reported increased vascular reactivity without changes in systolic blood pressure (SBP) after chronic mercury chloride (HgCl2) exposure, an inorganic form of the metal, in normotensive rats. However, we do not know whether individuals in the prehypertensive phase, such as young spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs), are susceptible to increased arterial blood pressure. We investigated whether chronic HgCl2 exposure in young SHRs accelerates hypertension development by studying the vascular function of mesenteric resistance arteries (MRAs) and SBP in young SHRs during the prehypertensive phase. Four-week-old male SHRs were divided into two groups: the SHR control group (vehicle) and the SHR HgCl2 group (4 weeks of exposure). The results showed that HgCl2 treatment accelerated the development of hypertension; reduced vascular reactivity to phenylephrine in MRAs; increased nitric oxide (NO) generation; promoted vascular dysfunction by increasing the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2); increased Gp91Phox protein levels and in situ levels of superoxide anion (O2·-); and reduced vasoconstrictor prostanoid production compared to vehicle treatment. Although HgCl2 accelerated the development of hypertension, the HgCl2-exposed animals also exhibited a vasoprotective mechanism to counterbalance the rapid increase in SBP by decreasing vascular reactivity through H2O2 and NO overproduction. Our results suggest that HgCl2 exposure potentiates this vasoprotective mechanism against the early establishment of hypertension. Therefore, we are concluding that chronic exposure to HgCl2 in prehypertensive animals could enhance the risk for cardiovascular diseases.
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Farkhondeh T, Afshari R, Mehrpour O, Samarghandian S. Mercury and Atherosclerosis: Cell Biology, Pathophysiology, and Epidemiological Studies. Biol Trace Elem Res 2020; 196:27-36. [PMID: 31529242 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-019-01899-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Today atherosclerosis is considered as a main cause of death in the worldwide. There is a significant association between heavy metal exposure and atherosclerosis. In this study, we discussed the scientific literature about the effect of mercury on the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. We also considered the epidemiological studies on mercury as a risk factor for atherosclerosis. Web of Science, Google Scholar, Medline, PubMed, and Scopus were searched by using the following keywords to 2019: (cardiovascular diseases OR atherosclerosis OR endothelial dysfunction) AND (mercury). Mercury has the potential to act as one of the novel risk factors for atherosclerosis development. The findings have indicated the role of mercury in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, vascular endothelial dysfunction, oxidative stress, inflammation, and dyslipidemia. Mercury can induce atherosclerosis indirectly via increasing the total cholesterol, triglycerides, and LDL-C levels as well as decreasing the HDL-C level. Mercury can be considered as a risk factor in the atherosclerosis progression. However, more studies are required to find the exact mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis induced by mercury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahereh Farkhondeh
- Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Reza Afshari
- BC Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Omid Mehrpour
- Rocky Mountain Poison and Drug Safety, Denver Health, Denver, CO, USA
- Medical Toxicology and Drug Abuse Research Center (MTDRC), Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Saeed Samarghandian
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran.
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran.
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Cordeiro ER, Filetti FM, Simões MR, Vassallo DV. Mercury induces nuclear estrogen receptors to act as vasoconstrictors promoting endothelial denudation via the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2019; 381:114710. [PMID: 31415774 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2019.114710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/10/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are more frequent among postmenopausal women due to the decline of estrogen concentration in plasma. However, the role of the vascular modulator effect of estrogen is controversial, since it occurs both in physiological and pathological conditions, increasing or reducing vascular reactivity. As mercury is widely associated with the development of CVD, we investigated putative hazardous effects on the mechanisms that modulate vascular reactivity in aortic rings of female Wistar rats promoted by acute mercury exposure. Mercury increased vascular reactivity and oxidative stress possibly due to NADPH oxidase participation, increased production of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and thromboxane A2 (TXA2) formation. The metal also induced endothelial denudation in the aorta by reducing the bioavailability of nitric oxide (NO) and enhancing the activity of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Mercury exposure also induced nuclear estrogen receptors (ERα, ERβ) to act as vasoconstrictors. Our findings suggest that mercury might increase the chances of developing cardiovascular diseases in females and should be considered an important environmental risk factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evellyn Rodrigues Cordeiro
- Dept. of Physiological Sciences, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES CEP 29043-900, Brazil
| | - Filipe Martinuzo Filetti
- Dept. of Physiological Sciences, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES CEP 29043-900, Brazil
| | - Maylla Ronacher Simões
- Dept. of Physiological Sciences, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES CEP 29043-900, Brazil
| | - Dalton Valentim Vassallo
- Dept. of Physiological Sciences, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES CEP 29043-900, Brazil; Health Science Center of Vitória-EMESCAM, Vitória, ES CEP 29045-402, Brazil.
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Yang X, Shao H, Chen Y, Ding N, Yang A, Tian J, Jiang Y, Li G, Jiang Y. In renal hypertension, Cirsium japonicum strengthens cardiac function via the intermedin/nitric oxide pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.02.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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MicroRNAs as Potential Mediators for Cigarette Smoking Induced Atherosclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19041097. [PMID: 29642385 PMCID: PMC5979571 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19041097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Smoking increases the risk of atherosclerosis-related events, such as myocardial infarction and ischemic stroke. Recent studies have examined the expression levels of altered microRNAs (miRNAs) in various diseases. The profiles of tissue miRNAs can be potentially used in diagnosis or prognosis. However, there are limited studies on miRNAs following exposure to cigarette smoke (CS). The present study was designed to dissect the effects and cellular/molecular mechanisms of CS-induced atherosclerogenesis. Apolipoprotein E knockout (ApoE KO) mice were exposed to CS for five days a week for two months at low (two puffs/min for 40 min/day) or high dose (two puffs/min for 120 min/day). We measured the area of atherosclerotic plaques in the aorta, representing the expression of miRNAs after the exposure period. Two-month exposure to the high dose of CS significantly increased the plaque area in aortic arch, and significantly upregulated the expression of atherosclerotic markers (VCAM-1, ICAM-1, MCP1, p22phox, and gp91phox). Exposure to the high dose of CS also significantly upregulated the miRNA-155 level in the aortic tissues of ApoE KO mice. Moreover, the expression level of miR-126 tended to be downregulated and that of miR-21 tended to be upregulated in ApoE KO mice exposed to the high dose of CS, albeit statistically insignificant. The results suggest that CS induces atherosclerosis through increased vascular inflammation and NADPH oxidase expression and also emphasize the importance of miRNAs in the pathogenesis of CS-induced atherosclerosis. Our findings provide evidence for miRNAs as potential mediators of inflammation and atherosclerosis induced by CS.
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Rizzetti DA, da Silva TM, Escobar AG, Piagette J, Peçanha FM, Vassallo DV, Alonso MJ, Salaices M, Wiggers GA. Mercury-induced vascular dysfunction is mediated by angiotensin II AT-1 receptor upregulation. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2018; 162:287-296. [PMID: 29407760 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2018.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Low doses of mercury (Hg) promote deleterious effects on cardiovascular system, but the mechanisms implicated remain unclear. This study analyzed whether angiotensin II AT-1 receptors are involved in the vascular dysfunction caused by chronic exposure to low HgCl2 doses. For this, rats were divided into four groups and untreated (saline by im injections and tap water by gavage) or treated for 30 days as follows: Mercury (HgCl2im, first dose of 4.6 µg kg-1 and subsequent doses of 0.07 µg kg-1 day-1, and tap water by gavage); Losartan (saline im and losartan, 15 mg kg-1 day-1, by gavage); Losartan-Mercury (HgCl2im and Losartan by gavage). Systolic blood pressure was measured by tail plethysmography, vascular reactivity in aorta by isolated organ bath, oxidative stress by measuring the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA) and antioxidant capacity (FRAP) and protein expression of AT-1 receptors by Western Blot. As results, co-treatment with losartan prevented the increased aortic vasoconstrictor responses to phenylephrine (Phe), the involvement of ROS and prostanoids on the response to Phe and the reduced negative endothelial modulation by nitric oxide on these responses. Moreover, this co-treatment avoided the increase in plasmatic and vascular oxidative stress and AT-1 protein expression in aorta. In conclusion, these results suggest that AT-1 receptors upregulation might play a key role in the vascular damage induced by Hg exposure by increasing oxidative stress and probably by reducing NO bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danize A Rizzetti
- Cardiovascular Physiology Laboratory, Universidade Federal do Pampa, BR 472, Km 592, Uruguaiana, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Taiz M da Silva
- Cardiovascular Physiology Laboratory, Universidade Federal do Pampa, BR 472, Km 592, Uruguaiana, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Alyne G Escobar
- Cardiovascular Physiology Laboratory, Universidade Federal do Pampa, BR 472, Km 592, Uruguaiana, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Janaina Piagette
- Cardiovascular Physiology Laboratory, Universidade Federal do Pampa, BR 472, Km 592, Uruguaiana, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Franck M Peçanha
- Cardiovascular Physiology Laboratory, Universidade Federal do Pampa, BR 472, Km 592, Uruguaiana, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Dalton V Vassallo
- Cardiac Electromechanical and Vascular Reactivity Laboratory, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Marechal Campos, 1468 Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Maria J Alonso
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, C/ Atenas s/n, Alcorcón, Spain
| | - Mercedes Salaices
- Department of Pharmacology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/ Arzobispo Morcillo, 4, Madrid, Spain
| | - Giulia A Wiggers
- Cardiovascular Physiology Laboratory, Universidade Federal do Pampa, BR 472, Km 592, Uruguaiana, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
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15
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da Cunha Martins A, Carneiro MFH, Grotto D, Adeyemi JA, Barbosa F. Arsenic, cadmium, and mercury-induced hypertension: mechanisms and epidemiological findings. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART B, CRITICAL REVIEWS 2018; 21:61-82. [PMID: 29446707 DOI: 10.1080/10937404.2018.1432025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), and mercury (Hg) are toxic elements widely distributed in the environment. Exposure to these elements was attributed to produce several acute and chronic illnesses including hypertension. The aim of this review is to provide a summary of the most frequently proposed mechanisms underlying hypertension associated with As, Cd, and Hg exposure including: oxidative stress, impaired nitric oxide (NO) signaling, modified vascular response to neurotransmitters and disturbed vascular muscle Ca2+ signaling, renal damage, and interference with the renin-angiotensin system. Due to the complexity of the vascular system, a combination rather than a singular mechanism needs to be considered. In addition, epidemiological findings showing the relationship between various biomarkers of metal exposure and hypertension are described. Given the complex etiology of hypertension, further epidemiological studies evaluating the roles of confounding factors such as age, gender, and life style are still necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Airton da Cunha Martins
- a Laboratório de Toxicologia e Essencialidade de Metais, Depto. de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto , Universidade de São Paulo , Ribeirão Preto-SP , Brazil
| | - Maria Fernanda Hornos Carneiro
- a Laboratório de Toxicologia e Essencialidade de Metais, Depto. de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto , Universidade de São Paulo , Ribeirão Preto-SP , Brazil
| | - Denise Grotto
- b Laboratório de Pesquisa em Toxicologia , Universidade de Sorocaba , Sorocaba-SP , Brazil
| | - Joseph A Adeyemi
- a Laboratório de Toxicologia e Essencialidade de Metais, Depto. de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto , Universidade de São Paulo , Ribeirão Preto-SP , Brazil
| | - Fernando Barbosa
- a Laboratório de Toxicologia e Essencialidade de Metais, Depto. de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto , Universidade de São Paulo , Ribeirão Preto-SP , Brazil
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16
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Egg white-derived peptides prevent cardiovascular disorders induced by mercury in rats: Role of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and NADPH oxidase. Toxicol Lett 2017; 281:158-174. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2017.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Revised: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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17
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Xanthine Oxidase Activation Modulates the Endothelial (Vascular) Dysfunction Related to HgCl2 Exposure Plus Myocardial Infarction in Rats. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2017; 18:161-174. [DOI: 10.1007/s12012-017-9427-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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18
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The Putative Role of Environmental Mercury in the Pathogenesis and Pathophysiology of Autism Spectrum Disorders and Subtypes. Mol Neurobiol 2017; 55:4834-4856. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-017-0692-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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19
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Rizzetti DA, Torres JGD, Escobar AG, da Silva TM, Moraes PZ, Hernanz R, Peçanha FM, Castro MM, Vassallo DV, Salaices M, Alonso MJ, Wiggers GA. The cessation of the long-term exposure to low doses of mercury ameliorates the increase in systolic blood pressure and vascular damage in rats. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2017; 155:182-192. [PMID: 28222365 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2017.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Revised: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to verify whether a prolonged exposure to low-level mercury promotes haemodynamic disorders and studied the reversibility of this vascular damage. Rats were divided into seven groups: three control groups received saline solution (im) for 30, 60 or 90 days; two groups received HgCl2 (im, first dose, 4.6μg/kg, subsequent doses 0.07μg/kg/day) for 30 or 60 days; two groups received HgCl2 for 30 or 60 days (im, same doses) followed by a 30-day washout period. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) was measured, along with analysis of vascular response to acetylcholine (ACh) and phenylephrine (Phe) in the absence and presence of endothelium, a nitric oxide (NO) synthase inhibitor, an NADPH oxidase inhibitor, superoxide dismutase, a non-selective cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitor and an AT1 receptor blocker. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and antioxidant power were measured in plasma. HgCl2 exposure for 30 and 60 days: a) reduced the endothelium-dependent relaxation; b) increased the Phe-induced contraction and the contribution of ROS, COX-derived vasoconstrictor prostanoids and angiotensin II acting on AT1 receptors to this response while the NO participation was reduced; c) increased the oxidative stress in plasma; d) increased the SBP only after 60 days of exposure. After the cessation of HgCl2 exposure, SBP, endothelium-dependent relaxation, Phe-induced contraction and the oxidative stress were normalised, despite the persistence of the increased COX-derived prostanoids. These results demonstrated that long-term HgCl2 exposure increases SBP as a consequence of vascular dysfunction; however, after HgCl2 removal from the environment the vascular function ameliorates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alyne Goulart Escobar
- Postgraduate Program in Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Pampa, Uruguaiana, RS, Brazil
| | - Taiz Martins da Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Pampa, Uruguaiana, RS, Brazil; Department of Basic Health Sciences, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Alcorcón, Spain; Bioactivity and Food Analysis Laboratory, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación, Madrid, Spain; Department of Physiological Sciences, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brazil; Department of Pharmacology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Paola Zambelli Moraes
- Postgraduate Program in Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Pampa, Uruguaiana, RS, Brazil
| | - Raquel Hernanz
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Alcorcón, Spain
| | - Franck Maciel Peçanha
- Postgraduate Program in Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Pampa, Uruguaiana, RS, Brazil
| | - Marta Miguel Castro
- Bioactivity and Food Analysis Laboratory, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación, Madrid, Spain
| | - Dalton Valentim Vassallo
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | - Mercedes Salaices
- Department of Pharmacology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Jesús Alonso
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Alcorcón, Spain
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20
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Chung RTM. Detoxification effects of phytonutrients against environmental toxicants and sharing of clinical experience on practical applications. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:8946-8956. [PMID: 26310706 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-5263-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
According to the Food and Health Bureau and Trade and Industry Department of the Hong Kong Government, 90 % of the total food supply in Hong Kong was imported from the Mainland China. In addition, the hidden or illegal use of prohibited pesticides, food adulteration (e.g., using industrial salt in food processing, using gutter oil as cooking oil), and pollutions were periodically reported by the media. Excessive exposure to toxic heavy metals or persistent organic pollutants (POPs) from diet or environmental is inevitable amid industrialization and pollution. Understanding of the detoxification ability among nutrients in plant-based food (i.e., phytonutrients in green tea, onion, garlic, coriander, and turmeric) offers therapeutic and preventive effects against the poisoning effects due to these pollutants. Oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory actions are the common mechanisms for heavy metals or POPs toxicities, while phytonutrients counteracts these cellular insults by anti-oxidation, upregulation of anti-inflammatory pathways, and chelation.
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21
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Eugenol and carvone as relaxants of arsenic and mercury hypercontracted rat trachea. Toxicol Ind Health 2016; 32:1935-1941. [DOI: 10.1177/0748233715598266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to arsenic and mercury is known to cause respiratory problems in both humans and animals. In this study, we elicit and compare maximum contraction caused by As(III) and Hg(II) when the pollutants are fully equilibrated with contractile machinery in resting mode. Hypercontraction of 27% and 69% was obtained following exposure of tracheal rings to 25 µM As(III) and 6 nM Hg(II) for 40 min, respectively. Co-incubation of tracheal rings with pollutants and verapamil, sodium nitroprusside or apocynin indicates that major contributors to As(III) and Hg(II) caused hypercontraction are reactive oxygen species (ROS) elevation and nitric oxide (NO) depletion. Changes in calcium influx have minor contribution in As(III) and Hg(II) caused increased contraction of tracheal tissues. Eugenol and carvone caused relaxation of 38% and 45% in pollutant unexposed rings, 56% and 49% in As(III)-exposed tracheal rings, and 54% and 47% in Hg(II)-exposed tracheal rings. Pathway delineation studies indicate that the major effect of eugenol originates from quenching of ROS whereas that of carvone originates from the blockage of extracellular calcium influx. Both molecules also show a minor stimulatory effect on NO generation. In line with their suggested mode of relaxation, eugenol is found to better ameliorate both As(III)- and Hg(II)-caused hypercontraction. Carvone, though a better relaxant than eugenol, comes out as poor ameliorator of both As(III)- and Hg(II)-caused hypercontraction, as the pathway on which it acts is not elevated following exposure to these pollutants.
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22
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Simões FV, de Batista PR, Botelho T, Ribeiro-Júnior RF, Padilha AS, Vassallo DV. Treatment with high dose of atorvastatin reduces vascular injury in diabetic rats. Pharmacol Rep 2016; 68:865-73. [PMID: 27351941 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2016.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Revised: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous reports showed conflicting results regarding the treatment effects of statin on Diabetes mellitus (DM). We investigated how treatment with high dose of atorvastatin affects the impaired vascular function in diabetic rats. METHODS Atorvastatin (80mg/kg/day, oral gavage, 4 weeks) or its vehicle was administered to male control or streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Aortic segments were used to investigate the vascular reactivity, protein expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase (NADPH oxidase) 1 (NOX1) and superoxide anions levels. RESULTS Atorvastatin treatment did not affect glycemia levels. In diabetic rats, the vascular reactivity to phenylephrine increased compared with controls and the atorvastatin treatment reduced this response. Removal of the endothelium increased the response to phenylephrine in control rats, but not in the diabetic group. Atorvastatin increased the endothelial modulation in diabetic rats. L-NAME (100μM) increased the reactivity in all groups, but this effect was greater in atorvastatin-treated diabetic rats. Indomethacin (10μM) and NS398 (1μM) decreased the contractile response in diabetic rats and atorvastatin reversed these effects, without changing COX-2 expression. Apocynin (30μM) decreased the phenylephrine response in diabetic rats, which also showed increased NOX1 and superoxide anions; these effects were prevented by atorvastatin treatment. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that treatment with high dose of atorvastatin, independent of glycemia, improves endothelial function in aortas from diabetic rats by reducing the constrictor prostanoids derived from COX-2 and by reducing the oxidative stress by NADPH oxidase, as well as a possible increasing of nitric oxide participation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana Vieira Simões
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória, ES, Brazil.
| | - Priscila Rossi de Batista
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória, ES, Brazil.
| | - Tatiani Botelho
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória, ES, Brazil.
| | | | - Alessandra Simão Padilha
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória, ES, Brazil.
| | - Dalton Valentim Vassallo
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória, ES, Brazil; Escola Superior de Ciências da Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Vitória (EMESCAM), Vitória, ES, Brazil.
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23
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Azevedo BF, Simões MR, Fiorim J, Botelho T, Angeli JK, Vieira JVA, Alonso MJ, Salaices M, dos Santos L, Vassallo DV. Chronic mercury exposure at different concentrations produces opposed vascular responses in rat aorta. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2016; 43:712-9. [DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.12578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2015] [Revised: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- BF Azevedo
- Department of Physiological Sciences; Federal University of Espirito Santo; Vitória Espirito Santo Brazil
| | - MR Simões
- Department of Physiological Sciences; Federal University of Espirito Santo; Vitória Espirito Santo Brazil
| | - J Fiorim
- Department of Physiological Sciences; Federal University of Espirito Santo; Vitória Espirito Santo Brazil
| | - T Botelho
- Department of Physiological Sciences; Federal University of Espirito Santo; Vitória Espirito Santo Brazil
| | - JK Angeli
- Department of Physiological Sciences; Federal University of Espirito Santo; Vitória Espirito Santo Brazil
| | - JVA Vieira
- Department of Physiological Sciences; Federal University of Espirito Santo; Vitória Espirito Santo Brazil
| | - MJ Alonso
- Department of Ciencias Básicas de la Salud; Universidad Rey Juan Carlos; Alcorcón Spain
| | - M Salaices
- Department of Pharmacology; Universidad Autonoma de Madrid; Instituto de Investigación Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPAZ); Madrid Spain
| | - L dos Santos
- Department of Physiological Sciences; Federal University of Espirito Santo; Vitória Espirito Santo Brazil
| | - DV Vassallo
- Department of Physiological Sciences; Federal University of Espirito Santo; Vitória Espirito Santo Brazil
- Health Science of Vitória-EMESCAM; Vitória Espirito Santo Brazil
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24
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Wiggers GA, Furieri LB, Briones AM, Avendaño MS, Peçanha FM, Vassallo DV, Salaices M, Alonso MJ. Cerebrovascular endothelial dysfunction induced by mercury exposure at low concentrations. Neurotoxicology 2016; 53:282-289. [PMID: 26945730 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2016.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Revised: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Mercury (Hg) has many harmful vascular effects by increasing oxidative stress, inflammation and vascular/endothelial dysfunction, all of which may contribute to cerebrovascular diseases development. We aimed to explore the effects of chronic low-mercury concentration on vascular function in cerebral arteries and the mechanisms involved. Basilar arteries from control (vehicle-saline solution, im) and mercury chloride (HgCl2)-treated rats for 30 days (first dose 4.6μg/kg, subsequent dose 0.07μg/kg/day, im, to cover daily loss) were used. Vascular reactivity, protein expression, nitric oxide (NO) levels and superoxide anion (O2(-)) production were analyzed. HgCl2 exposure increased serotonin contraction and reduced the endothelium-dependent vasodilatation to bradykinin. After NO synthase inhibition, serotonin responses were enhanced more in control than in mercury-treated rats while bradykinin-induced relaxation was abolished. NO levels were greater in control than Hg-treated rats. Tiron and indomethacin reduced vasoconstriction and increased the bradykinin-induced relaxation only in HgCl2-treated rats. Vascular O2(-) production was greater in mercury-treated when compared to control rats. Protein expressions of endothelial NO synthase, copper/zinc (Cu/Zn), Manganese (Mn) and extracellular-superoxide dismutases were similar in cerebral arteries from both groups. Results suggest that Hg treatment increases cerebrovascular reactivity by reducing endothelial negative modulation and NO bioavailability; this effect seems to be dependent on increased reactive oxygen species and prostanoids generation. These findings show, for the first time, that brain vasculature are also affected by chronic mercury exposure and offer further evidence that even at small concentration, HgCl2 is hazardous and might be an environmental risk factor accounting for cerebral vasospasm development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Alessandra Wiggers
- Postgraduate Program in Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Pampa, Rio Grande do Sul, Unipampa, Campus Uruguaiana, BR 472, km 592, PO Box 118, Uruguaiana, RS 97500-970, Brazil; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Calle Arzobispo Morcillo s/n, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Lorena Barros Furieri
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Avenida Marechal Campos, 1468, Vitória, ES 29040-090, Brazil; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Calle Arzobispo Morcillo s/n, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Ana María Briones
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Calle Arzobispo Morcillo s/n, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - María Soledad Avendaño
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Calle Arzobispo Morcillo s/n, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Franck Maciel Peçanha
- Postgraduate Program in Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Pampa, Rio Grande do Sul, Unipampa, Campus Uruguaiana, BR 472, km 592, PO Box 118, Uruguaiana, RS 97500-970, Brazil; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Calle Arzobispo Morcillo s/n, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Dalton Valentim Vassallo
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Avenida Marechal Campos, 1468, Vitória, ES 29040-090, Brazil.
| | - Mercedes Salaices
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Calle Arzobispo Morcillo s/n, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - María Jesús Alonso
- Department of Ciencias Básicas de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Avenida de Atenas s/n, 28922 Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain.
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25
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Wildemann TM, Siciliano SD, Weber LP. The mechanisms associated with the development of hypertension after exposure to lead, mercury species or their mixtures differs with the metal and the mixture ratio. Toxicology 2016; 339:1-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2015.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Revised: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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26
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Saghiri MA, Orangi J, Asatourian A, Sorenson CM, Sheibani N. Functional role of inorganic trace elements in angiogenesis part III: (Ti, Li, Ce, As, Hg, Va, Nb and Pb). Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2015; 98:290-301. [PMID: 26638864 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2015.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Revised: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Many essential elements exist in nature with significant influence on human health. Angiogenesis is vital in developmental, repair, and regenerative processes, and its aberrant regulation contributes to pathogenesis of many diseases including cancer. Thus, it is of great importance to explore the role of these elements in such a vital process. This is third in a series of reviews that serve as an overview of the role of inorganic elements in regulation of angiogenesis and vascular function. Here we will review the roles of titanium, lithium, cerium, arsenic, mercury, vanadium, niobium, and lead in these processes. The roles of other inorganic elements in angiogenesis were discussed in part I (N, Fe, Se, P, Au, and Ca) and part II (Cr, Si, Zn, Cu, and S) of these series. The methods of exposure, structure, mechanisms, and potential activities of these elements are briefly discussed. An electronic search was performed on the role of these elements in angiogenesis from January 2005 to April 2014. These elements can promote and/or inhibit angiogenesis through different mechanisms. The anti-angiogenic effect of titanium dioxide nanoparticles comes from the inhibition of angiogenic processes, and not from its toxicity. Lithium affects vasculogenesis but not angiogenesis. Nanoceria treatment inhibited tumor growth by inhibiting angiogenesis. Vanadium treatment inhibited cell proliferation and induced cytotoxic effects through interactions with DNA. The negative impact of mercury on endothelial cell migration and tube formation activities was dose and time dependent. Lead induced IL-8 production, which is known to promote tumor angiogenesis. Thus, understanding the impact of these elements on angiogenesis will help in development of new modalities to modulate angiogenesis under various conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ali Saghiri
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA; Angiogenesis and Regenerative Group, Dr. H. Afsar Lajevardi Research Cluster, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Jafar Orangi
- Angiogenesis and Regenerative Group, Dr. H. Afsar Lajevardi Research Cluster, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Armen Asatourian
- Angiogenesis and Regenerative Group, Dr. H. Afsar Lajevardi Research Cluster, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Christine M Sorenson
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Nader Sheibani
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
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Kundu S, Shabir H, Basir SF, Khan LA. Inhibition of As(III) and Hg(II) caused aortic hypercontraction by eugenol, linalool and carvone. J Smooth Muscle Res 2015; 50:93-102. [PMID: 25891766 PMCID: PMC5137271 DOI: 10.1540/jsmr.50.93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute and chronic exposure to arsenic and mercury is known to produce vasoconstriction.
There is, however, no clarity concerning the pathways leading to this increased
contraction. In this study we elicit and compare maximum contractility of rat aortas under
resting conditions in the presence of arsenic and mercury, and delineate pathways
mediating this effect. Phenylephrine (PE) induced hypercontraction of 37% and 32% were
obtained when isolated aortic segments were exposed to 25 µM As(III) and 6 nM Hg(II),
respectively. Isometric contraction measurements in presence of apocynin, verapamil and
sodium nitroprusside indicates that the major causes of increased contraction are reactive
oxygen species (ROS) and depletion of nitric oxide (NO). Calcium influx plays a minor role
in arsenic and mercury caused hypercontraction. In unexposed aorta, eugenol causes
relaxation by inhibiting ROS and elevating NO, linalool by blocking voltage dependent
calcium channel (VDCC) and elevating NO, and carvone by blocking calcium influx through
VDDC. Since the arsenic and mercury hypercontraction is mediated by increased ROS and
depleted NO, we hypothesize that molecules which neutralize ROS or elevate NO will be
better ameliorators. In line with this argument, we found eugenol to be the best
ameliorator of arsenic and mercury hypercontraction followed by linalool and carvone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Kundu
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
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Omanwar S, Fahim M. Mercury Exposure and Endothelial Dysfunction: An Interplay Between Nitric Oxide and Oxidative Stress. Int J Toxicol 2015; 34:300-7. [PMID: 26060268 DOI: 10.1177/1091581815589766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Vascular endothelium plays a vital role in the organization and function of the blood vessel and maintains homeostasis of the circulatory system and normal arterial function. Functional disruption of the endothelium is recognized as the beginning event that triggers the development of consequent cardiovascular disease (CVD) including atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease. There is a growing data associating mercury exposure with endothelial dysfunction and higher risk of CVD. This review explores and evaluates the impact of mercury exposure on CVD and endothelial function, highlighting the interplay of nitric oxide and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Omanwar
- School of Sciences, Indira Gandhi National Open University, New Delhi, India
| | - M Fahim
- Hamdard Institute of Medical Science and Research, Hamdard University, New Delhi, India
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Kalish BT, Rifas-Shiman SL, Wright RO, Amarasiriwardena CJ, Jayawardene I, Gillman MW, Lipshultz SE, Oken E. Associations of prenatal maternal blood mercury concentrations with early and mid-childhood blood pressure: a prospective study. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2014; 133:327-33. [PMID: 25019468 PMCID: PMC4364915 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2014.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2013] [Revised: 05/11/2014] [Accepted: 06/05/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood blood pressure (BP) is an important determinant of adult cardiovascular disease. Prenatal exposure to methylmercury through maternal fish consumption has been reported to increase the BP of children years later. METHODS Mother-child pairs were enrolled from Project Viva, a prospective cohort study in Massachusetts. From second trimester maternal blood samples, we measured erythrocyte mercury concentration. Systolic BP in children, measured up to 5 times per visit in early and mid-childhood (median ages 3.2 and 7.7 years), was the primary outcome. We used mixed-effect regression models to account for variation in the number of BP measurements and to average effects over both time points. RESULTS Among 1103 mother-child pairs, mean (SD) second trimester total erythrocyte mercury concentration was 4.0 (3.9)ng/g among mothers whose children were assessed in early childhood and 4.0 (4.0)ng/g for children assessed in mid-childhood. Mean (SD) offspring systolic BP was 92.1 (10.4)mm Hg in early childhood and 94.3 (8.4)mm Hg in mid-childhood. After adjusting for mother and infant characteristics, mean second trimester blood mercury concentration was not associated with child systolic BP (regression coefficient, 0.1mm Hg; 95% CI, -1.3 to 1.5 for quartile 4 vs. quartile 1) at either time period. Further adjusting for second trimester maternal fish consumption, as well as docosahexaenoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid consumption, did not substantially change the estimates. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study demonstrate an absence of association between childhood blood pressure and low-level mercury exposure typical of the general US population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sheryl L Rifas-Shiman
- Obesity Prevention Program, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Robert O Wright
- Channing Laboratory, Brigham and Women׳s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Chitra J Amarasiriwardena
- Channing Laboratory, Brigham and Women׳s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Innocent Jayawardene
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Matthew W Gillman
- Obesity Prevention Program, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Steven E Lipshultz
- Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University School of Medicine and Children׳s Hospital of Michigan, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Emily Oken
- Obesity Prevention Program, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, United States
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30
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Moreira ELG, Farina M. An unsolved puzzle: the complex interplay between methylmercury and fish oil-derived fatty acids within the cardiovascular system. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4tx00011k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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31
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Ginsberg G, Sonawane B, Nath R, Lewandowski P. Methylmercury-induced inhibition of paraoxonase-1 (PON1)-implications for cardiovascular risk. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2014; 77:1004-1023. [PMID: 25072822 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2014.919837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Methylmercury (MeHg) has been associated with increased risk for cardiovascular disease in some but not all epidemiology studies. These inconsistent results may stem from the fact that exposure typically occurs in the context of fish consumption, which is also associated with cardioprotective factors such as omega-3 fatty acids. Mechanistic information may help to understand whether MeHg represents a risk to cardiovascular health. MeHg is a pro-oxidant that inactivates protein sulfhydryls. These biochemical effects may diminish critical antioxidant defense mechanism(s) involved in protecting against atherosclerosis. One such defense mechanism is paraoxonase-1 (PON1), an enzyme present on high-density lipoproteins and that prevents the oxidation of blood lipids and their deposition in vascular endothelium. PON1 is potentially useful as a clinical biomarker of cardiovascular risk, as well as a critical enzyme in the detoxification of certain organophosphate oxons. MeHg and other metals are known to inhibit PON1 activity in vitro. MeHg is associated with lowered serum PON1 activity in a fish-eating population. The implications of lowering PON1 are evaluated by predicting the shift in PON1 population distribution induced by various doses of MeHg. An MeHg dose of 0.3 μg/kg/d is estimated to decrease the population average PON1 level by 6.1% and to increase population risk of acute cardiovascular events by 9.7%. This evaluation provides a plausible mechanism for MeHg-induced cardiovascular risk and suggests means to quantify the risk. This case study exemplifies the use of upstream disease biomarkers to evaluate the additive effect of chemical toxicity with background disease processes in assessing human risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Ginsberg
- a Connecticut Department of Public Health , Hartford , Connecticut , USA
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Chronic cadmium treatment promotes oxidative stress and endothelial damage in isolated rat aorta. PLoS One 2013; 8:e68418. [PMID: 23874620 PMCID: PMC3709967 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0068418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2013] [Accepted: 05/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Cadmium is a highly toxic metal that is present in phosphate fertilizers, and the incidence of cadmium poisoning in the general population has increased, mainly due to cigarette smoking. Once absorbed, cadmium accumulates in the tissues, causing harmful effects including high blood pressure, endothelial damage and oxidative stress. Oxidative stress is known to efficiently produce oxidized low-density lipoprotein and consequently atherosclerosis, mainly in the aorta. However, the mechanisms through which endothelial damage is induced by cadmium have not been elucidated. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of this metal in the isolated aorta and the possible role of oxidative stress. Rats received 100 mg.L(-1) cadmium chloride (CdCl2) in the drinking water or distilled water alone for four weeks. The pressor effect of cadmium was followed throughout the exposure period by tail plethysmography. At the end of the fourth week, the blood cadmium content was established, and the vascular reactivity of the isolated aorta to phenylephrine, acetylcholine and sodium nitroprusside was analyzed in the context of endothelium denudation and incubation with L-NAME, apocynin, losartan, enalapril, superoxide dismutase (SOD) or catalase. We observed an increased response to phenylephrine in cadmium-treated rats. This increase was abolished by catalase and SOD incubation. Apocynin treatment reduced the phenylephrine response in both treatment groups, but its effect was greater in cadmium-treated rats, and NOX2 expression was greater in the cadmium group. These results suggested that cadmium in blood concentrations similar to those found in occupationally exposed populations is able to stimulate NOX2 expression, contributing to oxidative stress and reducing NO bioavailability, despite enhanced eNOS expression. These findings suggest that cadmium exposure promotes endothelial damage that might contribute to inflammation, vascular injury and the development of atherosclerosis.
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