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Kim JH, Lee CJ, Yu YS, Aryal YP, Kim S, Suh JY, Kim JY, Min SH, Cha IT, Lee HY, Shin SY, Cho SJ. Transcriptomic profiling and the first spatial expression analysis of candidate genes in the salivary gland of the East Asian medicinal leech, Hirudo nipponia. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 154:105125. [PMID: 38158145 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2023.105125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Hirudo nipponia, a blood-sucking leech native to East Asia, possesses a rich repertoire of active ingredients in its saliva, showcasing significant medical potential due to its anticoagulant, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial effects against human diseases. Despite previous studies on the transcriptomic and proteomic characteristics of leech saliva, which have identified medicinal compounds, our knowledge of tissue-specific transcriptomes and their spatial expression patterns remains incomplete. In this study, we conducted an extensive transcriptomic profiling of the salivary gland tissue in H. nipponia based on de novo assemblies of tissue-specific transcriptomes from the salivary gland, teeth, and general head region. Through gene ontology (GO) analysis and hierarchical clustering, we discovered a novel set of anti-coagulant factors-i.e., Hni-Antistasin, Hni-Ghilanten, Hni-Bdellin, Hni-Hirudin-as well as a previously unrecognized immune-related gene, Hni-GLIPR1 and uncharacterized salivary gland specific transcripts. By employing in situ hybridization, we provided the first visualization of gene expression sites within the salivary gland of H. nipponia. Our findings expand on our understanding of transcripts specifically expressed in the salivary gland of blood-sucking leeches, offering valuable resources for the exploration of previously unidentified substances with medicinal applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Hyeuk Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, College of Natural Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28644, Republic of Korea; Wildlife Disease Response Team, National Institute of Wildlife Disease Control and Prevention, Incheon, 22689, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan-Jun Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, College of Natural Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Sang Yu
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, College of Natural Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Yam Prasad Aryal
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, College of Natural Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangil Kim
- Museum of Comparative Zoology and Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Jo-Young Suh
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, IHBR Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41940, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Young Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Dentistry, IHBR, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41940, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Hong Min
- Department of Cosmetics Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Tae Cha
- Species Diversity Research Division, National Institute of Biological Resources(NIBR), Incheon, 22689, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae-Youn Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, College of Natural Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28644, Republic of Korea.
| | - Song Yub Shin
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, 61452, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sung-Jin Cho
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, College of Natural Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28644, Republic of Korea.
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Mallick A, Tan HL, Epstein JM, Gaudry Q, Dacks AM. Serotonin acts through multiple cellular targets during an olfactory critical period. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.14.589413. [PMID: 38645269 PMCID: PMC11030346 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.14.589413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Serotonin (5-HT) is known to modulate early development during critical periods when experience drives heightened levels of plasticity in neurons. Here, we take advantage of the genetically tractable olfactory system of Drosophila to investigate how 5-HT modulates critical period plasticity in the CO2 sensing circuit of fruit flies. Our study reveals that 5HT modulation of multiple neuronal targets is necessary for experience-dependent structural changes in an odor processing circuit. The olfactory CPP is known to involve local inhibitory networks and consistent with this we found that knocking down 5-HT7 receptors in a subset of GABAergic local interneurons was sufficient to block CPP, as was knocking down GABA receptors expressed by olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs). Additionally, direct modulation of OSNs via 5-HT2B expression in the cognate OSNs sensing CO2 is also essential for CPP. Furthermore, 5-HT1B expression by serotonergic neurons in the olfactory system is also required during the critical period. Our study reveals that 5-HT modulation of multiple neuronal targets is necessary for experience-dependent structural changes in an odor processing circuit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahana Mallick
- Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Hua Leonhard Tan
- Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | | | - Quentin Gaudry
- Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
- Senior Author: These authors contributed equally
| | - Andrew M Dacks
- Departments of Biology and Neuroscience, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA
- Senior Author: These authors contributed equally
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Popović L, Wintgens JP, Wu Y, Brankatschk B, Menninger S, Degenhart C, Jensen N, Wichert SP, Klebl B, Rossner MJ, Wehr MC. Profiling of ERBB receptors and downstream pathways reveals selectivity and hidden properties of ERBB4 antagonists. iScience 2024; 27:108839. [PMID: 38303712 PMCID: PMC10831936 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.108839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
ERBB receptor tyrosine kinases are involved in development and diseases like cancer, cardiovascular, neurodevelopmental, and mental disorders. Although existing drugs target ERBB receptors, the next generation of drugs requires enhanced selectivity and understanding of physiological pathway responses to improve efficiency and reduce side effects. To address this, we developed a multilevel barcoded reporter profiling assay, termed 'ERBBprofiler', in living cells to monitor the activity of all ERBB targets and key physiological pathways simultaneously. This assay helps differentiate on-target therapeutic effects from off-target and off-pathway side effects of ERBB antagonists. To challenge the assay, eight established ERBB antagonists were profiled. Known effects were confirmed, and previously uncharacterized properties were discovered, such as pyrotinib's preference for ERBB4 over EGFR. Additionally, two lead compounds selectively targeting ERBB4 were profiled, showing promise for clinical trials. Taken together, this multiparametric profiling approach can guide early-stage drug development and lead to improved future therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukša Popović
- Research Group Cell Signalling, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Nussbaumstrasse 7, 80336 Munich, Germany
- Systasy Bioscience GmbH, Balanstrasse 6, 81669 Munich, Germany
| | - Jan P. Wintgens
- Research Group Cell Signalling, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Nussbaumstrasse 7, 80336 Munich, Germany
- Systasy Bioscience GmbH, Balanstrasse 6, 81669 Munich, Germany
| | - Yuxin Wu
- Research Group Cell Signalling, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Nussbaumstrasse 7, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Ben Brankatschk
- Systasy Bioscience GmbH, Balanstrasse 6, 81669 Munich, Germany
| | - Sascha Menninger
- Lead Discovery Center GmbH, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 15, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Carsten Degenhart
- Lead Discovery Center GmbH, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 15, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Niels Jensen
- Section of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Nussbaumstrasse 7, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Sven P. Wichert
- Systasy Bioscience GmbH, Balanstrasse 6, 81669 Munich, Germany
- Section of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Nussbaumstrasse 7, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Bert Klebl
- Lead Discovery Center GmbH, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 15, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Moritz J. Rossner
- Systasy Bioscience GmbH, Balanstrasse 6, 81669 Munich, Germany
- Section of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Nussbaumstrasse 7, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Michael C. Wehr
- Research Group Cell Signalling, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Nussbaumstrasse 7, 80336 Munich, Germany
- Systasy Bioscience GmbH, Balanstrasse 6, 81669 Munich, Germany
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Zhang Q, Chang Y, Zheng C, Sun L. Identification and Expression Profiling of the 5-HT Receptor Gene in Harmonia axyridis. INSECTS 2023; 14:508. [PMID: 37367324 DOI: 10.3390/insects14060508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
It has been found that 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) modulates the feeding of some insects, and this phenomenon was found in Harmonia axyridis (Pallas) by our previous study. An understanding of the 5-HT system in this beetle is helpful for utilizing 5-HT to modulate its predation to improve biological control efficiency, especially in greenhouses in winter in north China. This is because 5-HT influences diapause in insects by modulating the synthesis and release of prothoracic hormone (PTTH) and, therefore, influences feeding. To elucidate the molecular basis of the H. axyridis 5-HT system, reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), multiple sequence alignment, and phylogenetic tree construction were used to identify the 5-HT receptor in H. axyridis, and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was used to analyze the expression pattern of these receptor genes in different developmental stages and in the nervous system (brain + ventral nerve cord), digestive tract, pectoral muscles, and gonads of the adult ladybird. The results showed that four 5-HT receptors were identified in H. axyridis, named 5-HT1AHar, 5-HT1BHar, 5-HT2Har, and 5-HT7Har. The four receptors were expressed at high levels in the adult stage, especially in 2-day-old adults, with expression levels of 18.72-fold (male) and 14.21-fold (female) of that in eggs for 5-HT1A, 32.27-fold (male) and 83.58-fold (female) of that in eggs for 5-HT1B, 36.82-fold (male) and 119.35-fold (female) of that in eggs for 5-HT2, and 165.47-fold (male) and 115.59-fold (female) of that in eggs for 5-HT7. The level of expression decreased with the advance of day-age in adults. The levels of expression of 5-HT1BHar, 5-HT2Har, and 5-HT7Har were low at the egg, larval, and pupal stages, and 5-HT1AHar was not expressed in the larval stage. The four receptors were expressed in the nervous system, digestive tract, pectoral muscles, and male and female gonads. The 5-HT1AHar was expressed at a high level in the pectoral muscle (6.75-fold of that in the nervous system), 5-HT1BHar in male gonads (1.02-fold of that in the nervous system) and the nervous system, 5-HT2Har in male gonads (5.74-fold of that in the nervous system), and 5-HT7Har in the digestive tract (1.81-fold of that in the nervous system). The results of this study will lay a foundation for research on the function of the 5-HT receptor by RNA interference in the regulation of predation by H. axyridis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiqi Zhang
- Research Center for Environment-Friendly Agricultural Pest Management, College of Plant Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Yifang Chang
- Research Center for Environment-Friendly Agricultural Pest Management, College of Plant Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Changying Zheng
- Research Center for Environment-Friendly Agricultural Pest Management, College of Plant Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Lijuan Sun
- Research Center for Environment-Friendly Agricultural Pest Management, College of Plant Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
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Identification and Pharmacological Characterization of Two Serotonin Type 7 Receptor Isoforms from Mythimna separata. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010655. [PMID: 36614100 PMCID: PMC9820646 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) is an important neuroactive molecule, as neurotransmitters regulate various biological functions in vertebrates and invertebrates by binding and activating specific 5-HT receptors. The pharmacology and tissue distribution of 5-HT receptors have been investigated in several model insects, and these receptors are recognized as potential insecticide targets. However, little is known about the pharmacological characterization of the 5-HT receptors in important agricultural pests. In this study, we investigated the sequence, pharmacology, and tissue distribution of 5-HT7 receptors from oriental armyworm Mythimna separata (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), an important migratory and polyphagous pest species. We found that the 5-HT7 receptor gene encodes two molecularly distinct transcripts, Msep5-HT7L and Msep5-HT7S, by the mechanism of alternative splicing in M. separata. Msep5-HT7S differs from Msep5-HT7L based on the deletion of 95 amino acids within the third intracellular loop. Two Msep5-HT7 receptor isoforms were activated by 5-HT and synthetic agonists α-methylserotonin, 8-hydroxy-DPAT, and 5-methoxytryptamine, resulting in increased intracellular cAMP levels in a dose-dependent manner, although these agonists showed much poorer potency and efficacy than 5-HT. The maximum efficacy of 5-HT compared to the two 5-HT isoforms was equivalent, but 5-HT exhibited 2.63-fold higher potency against the Msep5-HT7S than the Msep5-HT7L receptor. These two isoforms were also blocked by the non-selective antagonist methiothepin and the selective antagonists WAY-100635, ketanserin, SB-258719, and SB-269970. Moreover, two distinct mRNA transcripts were expressed preferentially in the brain and chemosensory organs of M. separata adults, as determined by qPCR assay. This study is the first comprehensive characterization of two splicing isoforms of 5-HT7 receptors in M. separata, and the first to demonstrate that alternative splicing is also the mechanism for producing multiple 5-HT7 isoforms in insects. Pharmacological and gene expression profiles offer important information that could facilitate further exploration of their function in the central nervous system and peripheral chemosensory organs, and may even contribute to the development of new selective pesticides.
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Soslau G. Cardiovascular serotonergic system: Evolution, receptors, transporter, and function. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY PART 2021; 337:115-127. [PMID: 34662506 DOI: 10.1002/jez.2554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The serotonergic system, serotonin (5HT), serotonin transporter (SERT), and serotonin receptors (5HT-x), is an evolutionarily ancient system that has clear physiological advantages to all life forms from bacteria to humans. This review focuses on the role of platelet/plasma serotonin and the cardiovascular system with minor references to its significant neurotransmitter function. Platelets transport and store virtually all plasma serotonin in dense granules. Stored serotonin is released from activated platelets and can bind to serotonin receptors on platelets and cellular components of the vascular wall to augment aggregation and induce vasoconstriction or vasodilation. The vascular endothelium is critical to the maintenance of cardiovascular homeostasis. While there are numerous ligands, neurological components, and baroreceptors that effect vascular tone it is proposed that serotonin and nitric oxide (an endothelium relaxing factor) are major players in the regulation of systemic blood pressure. Signals not fully defined, to date, that direct serotonin binding to one of the 15 identified 5HT receptors versus the transporter, and the role platelet/plasma serotonin plays in regulating hypertension within the cardiovascular system remain important issues to better understand many diseases and to develop new drugs. Also, expanded research of these pathways in lower life-forms may serve as important model systems to further our understanding of the evolution and mechanisms of action of serotonin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerald Soslau
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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7
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Kreshchenko N, Terenina N, Ermakov A. Serotonin Signalling in Flatworms: An Immunocytochemical Localisation of 5-HT 7 Type of Serotonin Receptors in Opisthorchis felineus and Hymenolepis diminuta. Biomolecules 2021; 11:1212. [PMID: 34439878 PMCID: PMC8394519 DOI: 10.3390/biom11081212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The study is dedicated to the investigation of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) and 5-HT7 type serotonin receptor of localisation in larvae of two parasitic flatworms Opisthorchis felineus (Rivolta, 1884) Blanchard, 1895 and Hymenolepis diminuta Rudolphi, 1819, performed using the immunocytochemical method and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Using whole mount preparations and specific antibodies, a microscopic analysis of the spatial distribution of 5-HT7-immunoreactivity(-IR) was revealed in worm tissue. In metacercariae of O. felineus 5-HT7-IR was observed in the main nerve cords and in the head commissure connecting the head ganglia. The presence of 5-HT7-IR was also found in several structures located on the oral sucker. 5-HT7-IR was evident in the round glandular cells scattered throughout the larva body. In cysticercoids of H. diminuta immunostaining to 5-HT7 was found in flame cells of the excretory system. Weak staining to 5-HT7 was observed along the longitudinal and transverse muscle fibres comprising the body wall and musculature of suckers, in thin longitudinal nerve cords and a connective commissure of the central nervous system. Available publications on serotonin action in flatworms and serotonin receptors identification were reviewed. Own results and the published data indicate that the muscular structures of flatworms are deeply supplied by 5-HT7-IR elements. It suggests that the 5-HT7 type receptor can mediate the serotonin action in the investigated species and is an important component of the flatworm motor control system. The study of the neurochemical basis of parasitic flatworms can play an important role in the solution of fundamental problems in early development of the nervous system and the evolution of neuronal signalling components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Kreshchenko
- Institute of Cell Biophysics of Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Russia
| | - Nadezhda Terenina
- Center of Parasitology A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution of Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Artem Ermakov
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Russia;
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8
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Blenau W, Wilms JA, Balfanz S, Baumann A. AmOctα2R: Functional Characterization of a Honeybee Octopamine Receptor Inhibiting Adenylyl Cyclase Activity. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E9334. [PMID: 33302363 PMCID: PMC7762591 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The catecholamines norepinephrine and epinephrine are important regulators of vertebrate physiology. Insects such as honeybees do not synthesize these neuroactive substances. Instead, they use the phenolamines tyramine and octopamine for similar physiological functions. These biogenic amines activate specific members of the large protein family of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). Based on molecular and pharmacological data, insect octopamine receptors were classified as either α- or β-adrenergic-like octopamine receptors. Currently, one α- and four β-receptors have been molecularly and pharmacologically characterized in the honeybee. Recently, an α2-adrenergic-like octopamine receptor was identified in Drosophila melanogaster (DmOctα2R). This receptor is activated by octopamine and other biogenic amines and causes a decrease in intracellular cAMP ([cAMP]i). Here, we show that the orthologous receptor of the honeybee (AmOctα2R), phylogenetically groups in a clade closely related to human α2-adrenergic receptors. When heterologously expressed in an eukaryotic cell line, AmOctα2R causes a decrease in [cAMP]i. The receptor displays a pronounced preference for octopamine over tyramine. In contrast to DmOctα2R, the honeybee receptor is not activated by serotonin. Its activity can be blocked efficiently by 5-carboxamidotryptamine and phentolamine. The functional characterization of AmOctα2R now adds a sixth member to this subfamily of monoaminergic receptors in the honeybee and is an important step towards understanding the actions of octopamine in honeybee behavior and physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Blenau
- Institute of Biochemistry, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany;
| | - Joana Alessandra Wilms
- Institute of Biological Information Processing, IBI-1, Research Center Jülich, 52428 Jülich, Germany; (J.A.W.); (S.B.)
| | - Sabine Balfanz
- Institute of Biological Information Processing, IBI-1, Research Center Jülich, 52428 Jülich, Germany; (J.A.W.); (S.B.)
| | - Arnd Baumann
- Institute of Biological Information Processing, IBI-1, Research Center Jülich, 52428 Jülich, Germany; (J.A.W.); (S.B.)
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Sizemore TR, Hurley LM, Dacks AM. Serotonergic modulation across sensory modalities. J Neurophysiol 2020; 123:2406-2425. [PMID: 32401124 PMCID: PMC7311732 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00034.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The serotonergic system has been widely studied across animal taxa and different functional networks. This modulatory system is therefore well positioned to compare the consequences of neuromodulation for sensory processing across species and modalities at multiple levels of sensory organization. Serotonergic neurons that innervate sensory networks often bidirectionally exchange information with these networks but also receive input representative of motor events or motivational state. This convergence of information supports serotonin's capacity for contextualizing sensory information according to the animal's physiological state and external events. At the level of sensory circuitry, serotonin can have variable effects due to differential projections across specific sensory subregions, as well as differential serotonin receptor type expression within those subregions. Functionally, this infrastructure may gate or filter sensory inputs to emphasize specific stimulus features or select among different streams of information. The near-ubiquitous presence of serotonin and other neuromodulators within sensory regions, coupled with their strong effects on stimulus representation, suggests that these signaling pathways should be considered integral components of sensory systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler R Sizemore
- Department of Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Laura M Hurley
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana
| | - Andrew M Dacks
- Department of Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia
- Department of Neuroscience, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia
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10
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Belinskaia DA, Belinskaia MA, Barygin OI, Vanchakova NP, Shestakova NN. Psychotropic Drugs for the Management of Chronic Pain and Itch. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2019; 12:ph12020099. [PMID: 31238561 PMCID: PMC6631469 DOI: 10.3390/ph12020099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical observations have shown that patients with chronic neuropathic pain or itch exhibit symptoms of increased anxiety, depression and cognitive impairment. Such patients need corrective therapy with antidepressants, antipsychotics or anticonvulsants. It is known that some psychotropic drugs are also effective for the treatment of neuropathic pain and pruritus syndromes due to interaction with the secondary molecular targets. Our own clinical studies have identified antipruritic and/or analgesic efficacy of the following compounds: tianeptine (atypical tricyclic antidepressant), citalopram (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor), mianserin (tetracyclic antidepressant), carbamazepine (anticonvulsant), trazodone (serotonin antagonist and reuptake inhibitor), and chlorprothixene (antipsychotic). Venlafaxine (serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor) is known to have an analgesic effect too. The mechanism of such effect of these drugs is not fully understood. Herein we review and correlate the literature data on analgesic/antipruritic activity with pharmacological profile of these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria A Belinskaia
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, pr. Torez 44, St. Petersburg 194223, Russia.
| | - Mariia A Belinskaia
- International Centre for Neurotherapeutics, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland.
| | - Oleg I Barygin
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, pr. Torez 44, St. Petersburg 194223, Russia.
| | - Nina P Vanchakova
- Department of Pedagogy and Psychology, Faculty of Postgraduate Education, First Pavlov State Medical University, L'va Tolstogo str. 6-8, St. Petersburg 197022, Russia.
| | - Natalia N Shestakova
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, pr. Torez 44, St. Petersburg 194223, Russia.
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11
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Yang S, Xi G, Wang G. Molecular Cloning and Expression Analysis of 5-hydroxytryptamine Receptor 7 in Ant Polyrhachis vicina Roger (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE (ONLINE) 2019; 19:5366996. [PMID: 30817822 PMCID: PMC6394970 DOI: 10.1093/jisesa/iez015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine [5-HT]) is a monoamine neurotransmitter that plays an important role in regulating a variety of physiological and behavioral activities. In this study, the 5-HT7 receptor gene was cloned from the ant Polyrhachis vicina Roger (1863). The complete Pv5-HT7 receptor cDNA is 3054 bp, including a 5'-untranslated region (UTR) of 790 bp, a 3'-UTR of 752 bp and an open reading frame of 1512 bp encoding polypeptide of 503 amino acids. Hydrophobic analysis suggests that seven trans-membrane domains are the major sequence characteristic of the Pv5-HT7 receptor. In addition, the Pv5-HT7 receptor has three potential N-glycosylation sites, a palmitoylation site, three protein kinase A phosphorylation sites, and four protein kinase C phosphorylation sites. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the deduced Pv5-HT7 receptor sequence shared a high homology with 5-HT7 receptor sequences of other species, such as a 78% similarity with the Am5-HT7 receptor (Apis mellifera). Real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) results showed that the expression level of the Pv5-HT7 receptor was low in the eggs and 1th-4th larval stages, but it was increased in the pupae stage and reached its peak in the adult workers. Western blot results showed that the highest protein expression was in the male body, head, and thorax. These results suggest that the Pv5-HT7 receptor may have specific functions in regulating the development of P. vicina, especially in adult formation and caste differentiation, feeding and caring behaviors of workers in the nest, and in the development of motor organs and mating behaviors in males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen Yang
- Department of Biology, College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, West Chang’an Avenue, Chang’an District, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, P.R. China
- Department of Physical Education, College of Physical Education, Xianyang Normal University, Xianyang, Shaanxi Province, P.R. China
| | - Gengsi Xi
- Department of Biology, College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, West Chang’an Avenue, Chang’an District, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, P.R. China
- Corresponding author, e-mail:
| | - Guirong Wang
- Department of Biology, College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, West Chang’an Avenue, Chang’an District, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, P.R. China
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Tierney AJ. Invertebrate serotonin receptors: a molecular perspective on classification and pharmacology. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 221:221/19/jeb184838. [PMID: 30287590 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.184838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Invertebrate receptors for the neurotransmitter serotonin (5-HT) have been identified in numerous species from diverse phyla, including Arthropoda, Mollusca, Nematoda and Platyhelminthes. For many receptors, cloning and characterization in heterologous systems have contributed data on molecular structure and function across both closely and distantly related species. This article provides an overview of heterologously expressed receptors, and considers evolutionary relationships among them, classification based on these relationships and nomenclature that reflects classification. In addition, transduction pathways and pharmacological profiles are compared across receptor subtypes and species. Previous work has shown that transduction mechanisms are well conserved within receptor subtypes, but responses to drugs are complex. A few ligands display specificity for different receptors within a single species; however, none acts with high specificity in receptors across different species. Two non-selective vertebrate ligands, the agonist 5-methoxytryptamine and antagonist methiothepin, are active in most receptor subtypes in multiple species and hence bind very generally to invertebrate 5-HT receptors. Future challenges for the field include determining how pharmacological profiles are affected by differences in species and receptor subtype, and how function in heterologous receptors can be used to better understand 5-HT activity in intact organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann Jane Tierney
- Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Colgate University, Hamilton, NY 13346, USA
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13
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PeaTAR1B: Characterization of a Second Type 1 Tyramine Receptor of the American Cockroach, Periplaneta americana. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18112279. [PMID: 29084141 PMCID: PMC5713249 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18112279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Revised: 10/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The catecholamines norepinephrine and epinephrine regulate important physiological functions in vertebrates. In insects; these neuroactive substances are functionally replaced by the phenolamines octopamine and tyramine. Phenolamines activate specific guanine nucleotide-binding (G) protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). Type 1 tyramine receptors are better activated by tyramine than by octopamine. In contrast; type 2 tyramine receptors are almost exclusively activated by tyramine. Functionally; activation of type 1 tyramine receptors leads to a decrease in the intracellular concentration of cAMP ([cAMP]i) whereas type 2 tyramine receptors can mediate Ca2+ signals or both Ca2+ signals and effects on [cAMP]i. Here; we report that the American cockroach (Periplaneta americana) expresses a second type 1 tyramine receptor (PeaTAR1B) in addition to PeaTAR1A (previously called PeaTYR1). When heterologously expressed in flpTM cells; activation of PeaTAR1B by tyramine leads to a concentration-dependent decrease in [cAMP]i. Its activity can be blocked by a series of established antagonists. The functional characterization of two type 1 tyramine receptors from P. americana; PeaTAR1A and PeaTAR1B; which respond to tyramine by changing cAMP levels; is a major step towards understanding the actions of tyramine in cockroach physiology and behavior; particularly in comparison to the effects of octopamine.
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Qi YX, Jin M, Ni XY, Ye GY, Lee Y, Huang J. Characterization of three serotonin receptors from the small white butterfly, Pieris rapae. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2017; 87:107-116. [PMID: 28663125 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2017.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Revised: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) plays a key role in modulating diverse physiological processes and behaviors in both protostomes and deuterostomes. These functions are mediated through the binding of serotonin to its receptors, which are recognized as potential insecticide targets. We investigated the sequence, pharmacology and tissue distribution of three 5-HT receptors (Piera5-HT1A, Piera5-HT1B, Piera5-HT7) from the small white butterfly Pieris rapae, an important pest of cultivated cabbages and other mustard family crops. Activation of Piera5-HT1A or Piera5-HT1B by 5-HT inhibited the production of cAMP in a dose-dependent manner. Stimulation of Piera5-HT7 with 5-HT increased cAMP level significantly. Surprisingly, with the exception of 5-methoxytryptamine, agonists including α-methylserotonin, 8-Hydroxy-DPAT and 5-carboxamidotryptamine activated these receptors poorly. The results are consistent with previous findings in Manduca sexta. All three receptors were blocked by methiothepin, but ketanserin and yohimbine were not effective. The selective mammalian 5-HT receptor antagonists SB 216641 and SB 269970 displayed potent inhibition effects on Piera5-HT1B and Piera5-HT7 respectively. The results we achieved here indicate that the pharmacological properties of Lepidoptera 5-HT receptors are quite different from those in other insects and vertebrates and may contribute to development of new selective pesticides. This study offers important information on three 5-HT receptors from P. rapae that will facilitate further analysis of the functions of 5-HT receptors in insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Xiang Qi
- Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China; Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Miao Jin
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xu-Yang Ni
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Gong-Yin Ye
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Youngseok Lee
- Department of Bio and Fermentation Convergence Technology, Kookmin University, Republic of Korea
| | - Jia Huang
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
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15
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Acevedo FE, Stanley BA, Stanley A, Peiffer M, Luthe DS, Felton GW. Quantitative proteomic analysis of the fall armyworm saliva. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2017; 86:81-92. [PMID: 28591565 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2017.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Revised: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Lepidopteran larvae secrete saliva on plant tissues during feeding. Components in the saliva may aid in food digestion, whereas other components are recognized by plants as cues to elicit defense responses. Despite the ecological and economical importance of these plant-feeding insects, knowledge of their saliva composition is limited to a few species. In this study, we identified the salivary proteins of larvae of the fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda; determined qualitative and quantitative differences in the salivary proteome of the two host races-corn and rice strains-of this insect; and identified changes in total protein concentration and relative protein abundance in the saliva of FAW larvae associated with different host plants. Quantitative proteomic analyses were performed using labeling with isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification followed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. In total, 98 proteins were identified (>99% confidence) in the FAW saliva. These proteins were further categorized into five functional groups: proteins potentially involved in (1) plant defense regulation, (2) herbivore offense, (3) insect immunity, (4) detoxification, (5) digestion, and (6) other functions. Moreover, there were differences in the salivary proteome between the FAW strains that were identified by label-free proteomic analyses. Thirteen differentially identified proteins were present in each strain. There were also differences in the relative abundance of eleven salivary proteins between the two FAW host strains as well as differences within each strain associated with different diets. The total salivary protein concentration was also different for the two strains reared on different host plants. Based on these results, we conclude that the FAW saliva contains a complex mixture of proteins involved in different functions that are specific for each strain and its composition can change plastically in response to diet type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flor E Acevedo
- Department of Entomology, The Pennsylvania State University, 501 Agricultural Sciences and Industries Building, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
| | - Bruce A Stanley
- Section of Research Resources, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033, USA.
| | - Anne Stanley
- Section of Research Resources, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033, USA.
| | - Michelle Peiffer
- Department of Entomology, The Pennsylvania State University, 501 Agricultural Sciences and Industries Building, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
| | - Dawn S Luthe
- Department of Plant Science, Pennsylvania State University, 216 Agricultural Sciences and Industries Building, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
| | - Gary W Felton
- Department of Entomology, The Pennsylvania State University, 501 Agricultural Sciences and Industries Building, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
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Blenau W, Daniel S, Balfanz S, Thamm M, Baumann A. Dm5-HT 2B: Pharmacological Characterization of the Fifth Serotonin Receptor Subtype of Drosophila melanogaster. Front Syst Neurosci 2017; 11:28. [PMID: 28553207 PMCID: PMC5425475 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2017.00028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) is an important regulator of physiological and behavioral processes in both protostomes (e.g., insects) and deuterostomes (e.g., mammals). In insects, serotonin has been found to modulate the heart rate and to control secretory processes, development, circadian rhythms, aggressive behavior, as well as to contribute to learning and memory. Serotonin exerts its activity by binding to and activating specific membrane receptors. The clear majority of these receptors belong to the superfamily of G-protein-coupled receptors. In Drosophila melanogaster, a total of five genes have been identified coding for 5-HT receptors. From this family of proteins, four have been pharmacologically examined in greater detail, so far. While Dm5-HT1A, Dm5-HT1B, and Dm5-HT7 couple to cAMP signaling cascades, the Dm5-HT2A receptor leads to Ca2+ signaling in an inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate-dependent manner. Based on sequence similarity to homologous genes in other insects, a fifth D. melanogaster gene was uncovered coding for a Dm5-HT2B receptor. Knowledge about this receptor’s pharmacological properties is very limited. This is quite surprising because Dm5-HT2B has been attributed to distinct physiological functions based on genetic interference with its gene expression. Mutations were described reducing the response of the larval heart to 5-HT, and specific knockdown of Dm5-HT2B mRNA in hemocytes resulted in a higher susceptibility of the flies to bacterial infection. To gain deeper understanding of Dm5-HT2B’s pharmacology, we evaluated the receptor’s response to a series of established 5-HT receptor agonists and antagonists in a functional cell-based assay. Metoclopramide and mianserin were identified as two potent antagonists that may allow pharmacological interference with Dm5-HT2B signaling in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Blenau
- Cologne Biocenter and Zoological Institute, University of CologneCologne, Germany
| | - Stöppler Daniel
- Department of NMR-Supported Structural Biology, Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare PharmakologieBerlin, Germany
| | - Sabine Balfanz
- Institute of Complex Systems - Cellular Biophysics (ICS-4), Forschungszentrum JülichJülich, Germany
| | - Markus Thamm
- Behavioral Physiology and Sociobiology (Zoology II), Biocenter, University of WürzburgWürzburg, Germany
| | - Arnd Baumann
- Institute of Complex Systems - Cellular Biophysics (ICS-4), Forschungszentrum JülichJülich, Germany
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17
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Modulatory Action by the Serotonergic System: Behavior and Neurophysiology in Drosophila melanogaster. Neural Plast 2016; 2016:7291438. [PMID: 26989517 PMCID: PMC4773565 DOI: 10.1155/2016/7291438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2015] [Revised: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 12/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Serotonin modulates various physiological processes and behaviors. This study investigates the role of 5-HT in locomotion and feeding behaviors as well as in modulation of sensory-motor circuits. The 5-HT biosynthesis was dysregulated by feeding Drosophila larvae 5-HT, a 5-HT precursor, or an inhibitor of tryptophan hydroxylase during early stages of development. The effects of feeding fluoxetine, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, during early second instars were also examined. 5-HT receptor subtypes were manipulated using RNA interference mediated knockdown and 5-HT receptor insertional mutations. Moreover, synaptic transmission at 5-HT neurons was blocked or enhanced in both larvae and adult flies. The results demonstrate that disruption of components within the 5-HT system significantly impairs locomotion and feeding behaviors in larvae. Acute activation of 5-HT neurons disrupts normal locomotion activity in adult flies. To determine which 5-HT receptor subtype modulates the evoked sensory-motor activity, pharmacological agents were used. In addition, the activity of 5-HT neurons was enhanced by expressing and activating TrpA1 channels or channelrhodopsin-2 while recording the evoked excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) in muscle fibers. 5-HT2 receptor activation mediates a modulatory role in a sensory-motor circuit, and the activation of 5-HT neurons can suppress the neural circuit activity, while fluoxetine can significantly decrease the sensory-motor activity.
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18
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Petrova A, Moffett DF. Comprehensive Immunolocalization Studies of a Putative Serotonin Receptor from the Alimentary Canal of Aedes aegypti Larvae Suggest Its Diverse Roles in Digestion and Homeostasis. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0146587. [PMID: 26808995 PMCID: PMC4726579 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0146587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Serotonin regulates key processes including digestion and homeostasis in insects. Serotonin effects are mediated by serotonin receptors that transduce information through initiation of second messenger signaling pathways. Lack of information on serotonin receptors associated with the alimentary canal impedes the understanding of the serotonergic role in insect physiology. To address this void, the present study has cloned and identified a putative serotonin receptor (hereafter AaSeR-1) from the alimentary canal of Aedes aegypti (yellow fever mosquito) larvae. In addition to in-silico analyses of AaSeR-1 primary sequence, immunohistochemical investigations were carried out to elucidate receptor expression patterns. Specific AaSeR-1 immunofluorescence was detected in the caeca, the mid- and hindgut, including the Malpighian tubules. These findings point out not only receptor ubiquitous nature but also its involvement in regulation of different stages of nutrient processing and homeostasis. Furthermore, AaSeR-1 may mediate an array of effects through its differential expression at various cell compartments. While AaSeR-1 specific immunofluorescence was depicted in the nucleus and nucleolus of principal cells of the anterior midgut, in the posterior, analyses suggest receptor association with the plasma membrane of both principal and regenerative cells. In addition, AaSeR-1 immunofluorescence was also found in some enteroendocrine cells and in both circular and longitudinal muscles that innervate the alimentary canal. Overall, immunohistochemical analyses of AaSeR-1 expression indicate that this receptor exercises multiple roles in digestion- and homeostasis-related mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adelina Petrova
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States of America
| | - David Franklin Moffett
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States of America
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19
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Guerra L, Stoffolano JG, Belardinelli MC, Fausto AM. Serotonergic Innervation of the Salivary Glands and Central Nervous System of Adult Glossina pallidipes Austen (Diptera: Glossinidae), and the Impact of the Salivary Gland Hypertrophy Virus (GpSGHV) on the Host. JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE (ONLINE) 2016; 16:iev162. [PMID: 26798144 PMCID: PMC4725261 DOI: 10.1093/jisesa/iev162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Using a serotonin antibody and confocal microscopy, this study reports for the first time direct serotonergic innervation of the muscle sheath covering the secretory region of the salivary glands of adult tsetse fly, Glossina pallidipes Austen. Reports to date, however, note that up until this finding, dipteran species previously studied lack a muscle sheath covering of the secretory region of the salivary glands. Direct innervation of the salivary gland muscle sheath of tsetse would facilitate rapid deployment of saliva into the host, thus delaying a host response. Our results also suggest that the neuronal and abnormal pattern seen in viral infected glands by the Glossina pallidipes salivary gland hypertrophy virus (GpSGHV) is due to a compensatory increased branching of the neurons of the salivary glands, which is associated with the increased size of the salivary glands in viral infected flies. This study shows for the first time serotonin in the cell bodies of the brain and thoracico-abdominal ganglion in adult tsetse, G. pallidipes Austen (Diptera: Glossinidae). A hypothesis is proposed as to whether innervation of the muscle sheath covering of the secretory region of the salivary glands is present in brachyceran compared with nematoceran dipterans; and, a plea is made that more research is needed to develop a blood feeding model, similar to that in the blow flies, for elucidating the various mechanisms involved in production and deployment of saliva.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Guerra
- Dipartimento per la Innovazioni nei sistemi Biologici, Agroalimentari e Forestali, Università degli Studi della Tuscia, Largo dell'Università snc, 01100 Viterbo, Italy (; ; ),
| | - John G Stoffolano
- Stockbridge School of Agriculture, 270 Stockbridge Rd., Fernald Hall, Room 204A, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Maria Cristina Belardinelli
- Dipartimento per la Innovazioni nei sistemi Biologici, Agroalimentari e Forestali, Università degli Studi della Tuscia, Largo dell'Università snc, 01100 Viterbo, Italy (; ; )
| | - Anna Maria Fausto
- Dipartimento per la Innovazioni nei sistemi Biologici, Agroalimentari e Forestali, Università degli Studi della Tuscia, Largo dell'Università snc, 01100 Viterbo, Italy (; ; ),
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20
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Solari P, Stoffolano JG, De Rose F, Barbarossa IT, Liscia A. The chemosensitivity of labellar sugar receptor in female Phormia regina is paralleled with ovary maturation: Effects of serotonin. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 82:38-45. [PMID: 26319532 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2015.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Revised: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 08/23/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Oogenesis in most adult insects is a nutrient-dependent process involving ingestion of both proteins and carbohydrates that ultimately depends on peripheral input from chemoreceptors. The main goal of this study was to characterize, in the female blowfly Phormia regina, the responsive changes of the labellar chemoreceptors to carbohydrates and proteins in relation to four different stages along the ovarian cycle: (1) immature ovaries, (2) mid-mature ovaries, (3) mature ovaries and ready for egg-laying and (4) post egg-laying ovaries. Then, the possible effects exerted by exogenous serotonin on the chemoreceptor sensitivity profiles were investigated. Our results show that ovary length, width and contraction rate progressively increase from stage 1 to 3, when all these parameters reach their maximum values, before declining in the next stage 4. The sensitivity of the labellar "sugar" chemoreceptors to both sucrose and proteins varies during the ovarian maturation stages, reaching a minimum for sucrose in stage 3, while that to proteins begins. Exogenous 5-HT supply specifically increases the chemoreceptor sensitivity to sugar at the stages 3 and 4, while it does not affect that to proteins. In conclusion, our results provide evidence that in female blowflies the cyclic variations in the sensitivity of the labellar chemosensilla to sugars and proteins are time-related to ovarian development and that during the stages 3 and 4 the responsiveness of the sugar cell to sucrose is under serotonergic control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Solari
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, University Campus, S.P. 8, I-09042 Monserrato (CA), Italy
| | - John G Stoffolano
- Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Francescaelena De Rose
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, University Campus, S.P. 8, I-09042 Monserrato (CA), Italy
| | - Iole Tomassini Barbarossa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, University Campus, S.P. 8, I-09042 Monserrato (CA), Italy
| | - Anna Liscia
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, University Campus, S.P. 8, I-09042 Monserrato (CA), Italy.
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21
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Meisenberg A, Kaschuba D, Balfanz S, Jordan N, Baumann A. Molecular and functional profiling of histamine receptor-mediated calcium ion signals in different cell lines. Anal Biochem 2015; 486:96-101. [PMID: 26151682 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2015.06.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Revised: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 06/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Calcium ions (Ca(2+)) play a pivotal role in cellular physiology. Often Ca(2+)-dependent processes are studied in commonly available cell lines. To induce Ca(2+) signals on demand, cells may need to be equipped with additional proteins. A prominent group of membrane proteins evoking Ca(2+) signals are G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs). These proteins register external signals such as photons, odorants, and neurotransmitters and convey ligand recognition into cellular responses, one of which is Ca(2+) signaling. To avoid receptor cross-talk or cross-activation with introduced proteins, the repertoire of cell-endogenous receptors must be known. Here we examined the presence of histamine receptors in six cell lines frequently used as hosts to study cellular signaling processes. In a concentration-dependent manner, histamine caused a rise in intracellular Ca(2+) in HeLa, HEK 293, and COS-1 cells. The concentration for half-maximal activation (EC50) was in the low micromolar range. In individual cells, transient Ca(2+) signals and Ca(2+) oscillations were uncovered. The results show that (i) HeLa, HEK 293, and COS-1 cells express sufficient amounts of endogenous receptors to study cellular Ca(2+) signaling processes directly and (ii) these cell lines are suitable for calibrating Ca(2+) biosensors in situ based on histamine receptor evoked responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika Meisenberg
- Institute of Complex Systems, Cellular Biophysics (ICS-4), Forschungszentrum Jülich, D-52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Dagmar Kaschuba
- Institute of Complex Systems, Cellular Biophysics (ICS-4), Forschungszentrum Jülich, D-52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Sabine Balfanz
- Institute of Complex Systems, Cellular Biophysics (ICS-4), Forschungszentrum Jülich, D-52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Nadine Jordan
- Institute of Complex Systems, Cellular Biophysics (ICS-4), Forschungszentrum Jülich, D-52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Arnd Baumann
- Institute of Complex Systems, Cellular Biophysics (ICS-4), Forschungszentrum Jülich, D-52425 Jülich, Germany.
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22
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Paluzzi JPV, Bhatt G, Wang CHJ, Zandawala M, Lange AB, Orchard I. Identification, functional characterization, and pharmacological profile of a serotonin type-2b receptor in the medically important insect, Rhodnius prolixus. Front Neurosci 2015; 9:175. [PMID: 26041983 PMCID: PMC4436800 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2015.00175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In the Chagas disease vector, Rhodnius prolixus, two diuretic hormones act synergistically to dramatically increase fluid secretion by the Malpighian tubules (MTs) during the rapid diuresis that is initiated upon engorgement of vertebrate blood. One of these diuretic hormones is the biogenic amine, serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT), which controls a variety of additional activities including cuticle plasticization, salivary gland secretion, anterior midgut absorption, cardioacceleratory activity, and myotropic activities on a number of visceral tissues. To better understand the regulatory mechanisms linked to these various physiological actions of serotonin, we have isolated and characterized a serotonin type 2b receptor in R. prolixus, Rhopr5HTR2b, which shares sequence similarity to the vertebrate serotonin type 2 receptors. Rhopr5HTR2b transcript is enriched in well-recognized physiological targets of serotonin, including the MTs, salivary glands and dorsal vessel (i.e., insect heart). Notably, Rhopr5HTR2b was not enriched in the anterior midgut where serotonin stimulates absorption and elicits myotropic control. Using a heterologous functional receptor assay, we examined Rhopr5HTR2b activation characteristics and its sensitivity to potential agonists, antagonists, and other biogenic amines. Rhopr5HTR2b is dose-dependently activated by serotonin with an EC50 in the nanomolar range. Rhopr5HTR2b is sensitive to alpha-methyl serotonin and is inhibited by a variety of serotonin receptor antagonists, including propranolol, spiperone, ketanserin, mianserin, and cyproheptadine. In contrast, the cardioacceleratory activity of serotonin revealed a unique pharmacological profile, with no significant response induced by alpha-methyl serotonin and insensitivity to ketanserin and mianserin. This distinct agonist/antagonist profile indicates that a separate serotonin receptor type may mediate cardiomodulatory effects controlled by serotonin in R. prolixus.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Garima Bhatt
- Department of Biology, York University Toronto, ON, Canada ; Department of Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga Mississauga, ON, Canada
| | - Chang-Hui J Wang
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga Mississauga, ON, Canada
| | - Meet Zandawala
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga Mississauga, ON, Canada
| | - Angela B Lange
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga Mississauga, ON, Canada
| | - Ian Orchard
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga Mississauga, ON, Canada
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23
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Verlinden H, Vleugels R, Verdonck R, Urlacher E, Vanden Broeck J, Mercer A. Pharmacological and signalling properties of a D2-like dopamine receptor (Dop3) in Tribolium castaneum. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2015; 56:9-20. [PMID: 25449128 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2014.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2014] [Revised: 11/05/2014] [Accepted: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Dopamine is an important neurotransmitter in the central nervous system of vertebrates and invertebrates. Despite their evolutionary distance, striking parallels exist between deuterostomian and protostomian dopaminergic systems. In both, signalling is achieved via a complement of functionally distinct dopamine receptors. In this study, we investigated the sequence, pharmacology and tissue distribution of a D2-like dopamine receptor from the red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum (TricaDop3) and compared it with related G protein-coupled receptors in other invertebrate species. The TricaDop3 receptor-encoding cDNA shows considerable sequence similarity with members of the Dop3 receptor class. Real time qRT-PCR showed high expression in both the central brain and the optic lobes, consistent with the role of dopamine as neurotransmitter. Activation of TricaDop3 expressed in mammalian cells increased intracellular Ca(2+) signalling and decreased NKH-477 (a forskolin analogue)-stimulated cyclic AMP levels in a dose-dependent manner. We studied the pharmacological profile of the TricaDop3 receptor and demonstrated that the synthetic vertebrate dopamine receptor agonists, 2 - amino- 6,7 - dihydroxy - 1,2,3,4 - tetrahydronaphthalene hydrobromide (6,7-ADTN) and bromocriptine acted as agonists. Methysergide was the most potent of the antagonists tested and showed competitive inhibition in the presence of dopamine. This study offers important information on the Dop3 receptor from Tribolium castaneum that will facilitate functional analyses of dopamine receptors in insects and other invertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heleen Verlinden
- Department of Animal Physiology and Neurobiology, Zoological Institute, KU Leuven, Naamsestraat 59, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Department of Zoology, University of Otago, 340 Great King Street, Dunedin, New Zealand.
| | - Rut Vleugels
- Department of Animal Physiology and Neurobiology, Zoological Institute, KU Leuven, Naamsestraat 59, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Rik Verdonck
- Department of Animal Physiology and Neurobiology, Zoological Institute, KU Leuven, Naamsestraat 59, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Elodie Urlacher
- Department of Zoology, University of Otago, 340 Great King Street, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Jozef Vanden Broeck
- Department of Animal Physiology and Neurobiology, Zoological Institute, KU Leuven, Naamsestraat 59, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Alison Mercer
- Department of Zoology, University of Otago, 340 Great King Street, Dunedin, New Zealand
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Qi YX, Xia RY, Wu YS, Stanley D, Huang J, Ye GY. Larvae of the small white butterfly, Pieris rapae, express a novel serotonin receptor. J Neurochem 2014; 131:767-77. [PMID: 25187179 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.12940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2014] [Revised: 08/21/2014] [Accepted: 08/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The biogenic amine serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) is a neurotransmitter in vertebrates and invertebrates. It acts in regulation and modulation of many physiological and behavioral processes through G-protein-coupled receptors. Five 5-HT receptor subtypes have been reported in Drosophila that share high similarity with mammalian 5-HT1A, 5-HT1B, 5-HT2A, 5-HT2B, and 5-HT7 receptors. We isolated a cDNA (Pr5-HT8 ) from larval Pieris rapae, which shares relatively low similarity to the known 5-HT receptor classes. After heterologous expression in HEK293 cells, Pr5-HT8 mediated increased [Ca(2+)]i in response to low concentrations (< 10 nM) of 5-HT. The receptor did not affect [cAMP]i even at high concentrations (> 10 μM) of 5-HT. Dopamine, octopamine, and tyramine did not influence receptor signaling. Pr5-HT8 was also activated by various 5-HT receptor agonists including 5-methoxytryptamine, (±)-8-Hydroxy-2-(dipropylamino) tetralin, and 5-carboxamidotryptamine. Methiothepin, a non-selective 5-HT receptor antagonist, activated Pr5-HT8 . WAY 10635, a 5-HT1A antagonist, but not SB-269970, SB-216641, or RS-127445, inhibited 5-HT-induced [Ca(2+)]i increases. We infer that Pr5-HT8 represents the first recognized member of a novel 5-HT receptor class with a unique pharmacological profile. We found orthologs of Pr5-HT8 in some insect pests and vectors such as beetles and mosquitoes, but not in the genomes of honeybee or parasitoid wasps. This is likely to be an invertebrate-specific receptor because there were no similar receptors in mammals. We isolated a cDNA (Pr5-HT8) from larval Pieris rapae, which shares relatively low similarity to the known GPCRs. After heterologous expression in HEK293 cells, Pr5-HT8 mediated increased [Ca(2+)]i in response to low concentrations (< 10 nM) of 5-HT and various 5-HT receptor agonists. We found orthologs of Pr5-HT8 in some insect pests and vectors such as beetles and mosquitoes, but not in the genomes of honeybee, parasitoid wasps, or mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Xiang Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology & Key Laboratory of Agricultural Entomology of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Heindorff K, Baumann O. Calcineurin is part of a negative feedback loop in the InsP3/Ca²⁺ signalling pathway in blowfly salivary glands. Cell Calcium 2014; 56:215-24. [PMID: 25108568 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2014.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2013] [Revised: 07/01/2014] [Accepted: 07/17/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The ubiquitous InsP3/Ca(2+) signalling pathway is modulated by diverse mechanisms, i.e. feedback of Ca(2+) and interactions with other signalling pathways. In the salivary glands of the blowfly Calliphora vicina, the hormone serotonin (5-HT) causes a parallel rise in intracellular [Ca(2+)] and [cAMP] via two types of 5-HT receptors. We have shown recently that cAMP/protein kinase A (PKA) sensitizes InsP3-induced Ca(2+) release. We have now identified the protein phosphatase that counteracts the effect of PKA on 5-HT-induced InsP3/Ca(2+) signalling. We demonstrate that (1) tautomycin and okadaic acid, inhibitors of protein phosphatases PP1 and PP2A, have no effect on 5-HT-induced Ca(2+) signals; (2) cyclosporin A and FK506, inhibitors of Ca(2+)/calmodulin-activated protein phosphatase calcineurin, cause an increase in the frequency of 5-HT-induced Ca(2+) oscillations; (3) the sensitizing effect of cyclosporin A on 5-HT-induced Ca(2+) responses does not involve Ca(2+) entry into the cells; (4) cyclosporin A increases InsP3-dependent Ca(2+) release; (5) inhibition of PKA abolishes the effect of cyclosporin A on the 5-HT-induced Ca(2+) responses, indicating that PKA and calcineurin act antagonistically on the InsP3/Ca(2+) signalling pathway. These findings suggest that calcineurin provides a negative feedback on InsP3/Ca(2+) signalling in blowfly salivary glands, counteracting the effect of PKA and desensitizing the signalling cascade at higher 5-HT concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristoffer Heindorff
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Department of Animal Physiology, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24/25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Otto Baumann
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Department of Animal Physiology, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24/25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany.
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Gioino P, Murray BG, Ianowski JP. Serotonin triggers cAMP and PKA-mediated intracellular calcium waves in Malpighian tubules of Rhodnius prolixus. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2014; 307:R828-36. [PMID: 25009218 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00561.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Rhodnius prolixus is a hematophagous insect vector of Chagas disease capable of ingesting up to 10 times its unfed body weight in blood in a single meal. The excess water and ions ingested with the meal are expelled through a rapid postprandial diuresis driven by the Malpighian tubules. Diuresis is triggered by at least two diuretic hormones, a CRF-related peptide and serotonin, which were traditionally believed to trigger cAMP as an intracellular second messenger. Recently, calcium has been suggested to act as a second messenger in serotonin-stimulated Malpighian tubules. Thus, we tested the role of calcium in serotonin-stimulated Malpighian tubules from R. prolixus. Our results show that serotonin triggers cAMP-mediated intracellular Ca(2+) waves that were blocked by incubation in Ca(2+)-free saline containing the cell membrane-permeant Ca(2+) chelator BAPTA-AM, or the PKA blocker H-89. Treatment with 8-Br-cAMP triggered Ca(2+) waves that were blocked by H-89 and BAPTA-AM. Analysis of the secreted fluid in BAPTA-AM-treated tubules showed a 75% reduction in fluid secretion rate with increased K(+) concentration, reduced Na(+) concentration. Taken together, the results indicate that serotonin triggers cAMP and PKA-mediated Ca(2+) waves that are required for maximal ion transport rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Gioino
- Department of Physiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Brendan G Murray
- Department of Physiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Juan P Ianowski
- Department of Physiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
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27
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Vleugels R, Lenaerts C, Vanden Broeck J, Verlinden H. Signalling properties and pharmacology of a 5-HT7 -type serotonin receptor from Tribolium castaneum. INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2014; 23:230-243. [PMID: 24330075 DOI: 10.1111/imb.12076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In the last decade, genome sequence data and gene structure information on invertebrate receptors has been greatly expanded by large sequencing projects and cloning studies. This information is of great value for the identification of receptors; however, functional and pharmacological data are necessary for an accurate receptor classification and for practical applications. In insects, an important group of neurotransmitter and neurohormone receptors, for which ample sequence information is available but pharmacological information is missing, are the biogenic amine G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). In the present study, we investigated the sequence information, pharmacology and signalling properties of a 5-HT7 -type serotonin receptor from the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Trica5-HT7 ). The receptor encoding cDNA shows considerable sequence similarity with cognate 5-HT7 receptors and phylogenetic analysis also clusters the receptor within this 5-HT receptor group. Real-time reverse transcription PCR demonstrated high expression levels in the brain, indicating the possible importance of this receptor in neural processes. Trica5-HT7 was dose-dependently activated by 5-HT, which induced elevated intracellular cyclic AMP levels but had no effect on calcium signalling. The synthetic agonists, α-methyl 5-HT, 5-methoxytryptamine, 5-carboxamidotryptamine and 8-hydroxy-2-(dipropylamino)tetralin hydrobromide, showed a response, although with a much lower potency and efficacy than 5-HT. Ketanserin and methiothepin were the most potent antagonists. Both showed characteristics of competitive inhibition on Trica5-HT7 . The signalling pathway and pharmacological profile offer important information that will facilitate functional and comparative studies of 5-HT receptors in insects and other invertebrates. The pharmacology of invertebrate 5-HT receptors differs considerably from that of vertebrates. The present study may therefore contribute to establishing a more reliable classification of invertebrate 5-HT receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Vleugels
- Laboratory for Molecular Developmental Physiology and Signal Transduction, Department of Animal Physiology and Neurobiology, Zoological Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Majeed ZR, Stacy A, Cooper RL. Pharmacological and genetic identification of serotonin receptor subtypes on Drosophila larval heart and aorta. J Comp Physiol B 2013; 184:205-19. [PMID: 24370737 DOI: 10.1007/s00360-013-0795-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2013] [Revised: 11/11/2013] [Accepted: 12/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Serotonin, 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), plays various roles in the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster. Previous studies have shown that 5-HT modulates the heart rate in third instar larvae. However, the receptor subtypes that mediate 5-HT action in larval cardiac tissue had yet to be determined. In this study, various 5-HT agonists and antagonists were employed to determine which 5-HT receptor subtypes are responsible for the positive chronotropic effect by 5-HT. The pharmacological results demonstrate that a 5-HT2B agonist significantly increases the heart rate; however, 5-HT1A, 5-HT1B, and 5-HT7 agonists do not have a significant effect on the heart rate. Furthermore, 5-HT2 antagonist, ketanserin, markedly reduces the positive chronotropic effect of 5-HT in a dose-response manner. Furthermore, we employed genetic approaches to confirm the pharmacological results. For this purpose, we used RNA interference line to knock down 5-HT2ADro and also used 5-HT2ADro and 5-HT2BDro insertional mutation lines. The results show that 5-HT2ADro or 5-HT2BDro receptor mutations reduce the response of the heart to 5-HT. Given these results, we conclude that these 5-HT2 receptor subtypes are involved in the action of 5-HT on the heart rate in the larval stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zana R Majeed
- Department of Biology and Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, 675 Rose Street, Lexington, KY, 40506-0225, USA,
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Function and distribution of 5-HT2 receptors in the honeybee (Apis mellifera). PLoS One 2013; 8:e82407. [PMID: 24324783 PMCID: PMC3855752 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0082407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2013] [Accepted: 10/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Serotonin plays a pivotal role in regulating and modulating physiological and behavioral processes in both vertebrates and invertebrates. In the honeybee (Apis mellifera), serotonin has been implicated in division of labor, visual processing, and learning processes. Here, we present the cloning, heterologous expression, and detailed functional and pharmacological characterization of two honeybee 5-HT2 receptors. Methods Honeybee 5-HT2 receptor cDNAs were amplified from brain cDNA. Recombinant cell lines were established constitutively expressing receptor variants. Pharmacological properties of the receptors were investigated by Ca2+ imaging experiments. Quantitative PCR was applied to explore the expression patterns of receptor mRNAs. Results The honeybee 5-HT2 receptor class consists of two subtypes, Am5-HT2α and Am5-HT2β. Each receptor gene also gives rise to alternatively spliced mRNAs that possibly code for truncated receptors. Only activation of the full-length receptors with serotonin caused an increase in the intracellular Ca2+ concentration. The effect was mimicked by the agonists 5-methoxytryptamine and 8-OH-DPAT at low micromolar concentrations. Receptor activities were blocked by established 5-HT receptor antagonists such as clozapine, methiothepin, or mianserin. High transcript numbers were detected in exocrine glands suggesting that 5-HT2 receptors participate in secretory processes in the honeybee. Conclusions This study marks the first molecular and pharmacological characterization of two 5-HT2 receptor subtypes in the same insect species. The results presented should facilitate further attempts to unravel central and peripheral effects of serotonin mediated by these receptors.
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A characterization of the Manduca sexta serotonin receptors in the context of olfactory neuromodulation. PLoS One 2013; 8:e69422. [PMID: 23922709 PMCID: PMC3726668 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0069422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2013] [Accepted: 06/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuromodulation, the alteration of individual neuron response properties, has dramatic consequences for neural network function and is a phenomenon observed across all brain regions and taxa. However, the mechanisms underlying neuromodulation are made complex by the diversity of neuromodulatory receptors expressed within a neural network. In this study we begin to examine the receptor basis for serotonergic neuromodulation in the antennal lobe of Manduca sexta. To this end we cloned all four known insect serotonin receptor types from Manduca (the Ms5HTRs). We used phylogenetic analyses to classify the Ms5HTRs and to establish their relationships to other insect serotonin receptors, other insect amine receptors and the vertebrate serotonin receptors. Pharmacological assays demonstrated that each Ms5HTR was selective for serotonin over other endogenous amines and that serotonin had a similar potency at all four Ms5HTRs. The pharmacological assays also identified several agonists and antagonists of the different Ms5HTRs. Finally, we found that the Ms5HT1A receptor was expressed in a subpopulation of GABAergic local interneurons suggesting that the Ms5HTRs are likely expressed heterogeneously within the antennal lobe based on functional neuronal subtype.
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Pharmacological characterization of a 5-HT1-type serotonin receptor in the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum. PLoS One 2013; 8:e65052. [PMID: 23741451 PMCID: PMC3669024 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0065052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2013] [Accepted: 04/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) is known for its key role in modulating diverse physiological processes and behaviors by binding various 5-HT receptors. However, a lack of pharmacological knowledge impedes studies on invertebrate 5-HT receptors. Moreover, pharmacological information is urgently needed in order to establish a reliable classification system for invertebrate 5-HT receptors. In this study we report on the molecular cloning and pharmacological characterization of a 5-HT1 receptor from the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Trica5-HT1). The Trica5-HT1 receptor encoding cDNA shows considerable sequence similarity with members of the 5-HT1 receptor class. Real time PCR showed high expression in the brain (without optic lobes) and the optic lobes, consistent with the role of 5-HT as neurotransmitter. Activation of Trica5-HT1 in mammalian cells decreased NKH-477-stimulated cyclic AMP levels in a dose-dependent manner, but did not influence intracellular Ca(2+) signaling. We studied the pharmacological profile of the 5-HT1 receptor and demonstrated that α-methylserotonin, 5-methoxytryptamine and 5-carboxamidotryptamine acted as agonists. Prazosin, methiothepin and methysergide were the most potent antagonists and showed competitive inhibition in presence of 5-HT. This study offers important information on a 5-HT1 receptor from T. castaneum facilitating functional research of 5-HT receptors in insects and other invertebrates. The pharmacological profiles may contribute to establish a reliable classification scheme for invertebrate 5-HT receptors.
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Baumann O, Bauer A. Development of apical membrane organization and V-ATPase regulation in blowfly salivary glands. J Exp Biol 2013; 216:1225-34. [DOI: 10.1242/jeb.077420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
SUMMARY
Secretory cells in blowfly salivary gland are specialized via morphological and physiological attributes in order to serve their main function, i.e. the transport of solutes at a high rate in response to a hormonal stimulus, namely serotonin (5-HT). This study examines the way that 5-HT-insensitive precursor cells differentiate into morphologically complex 5-HT-responsive secretory cells. By means of immunofluorescence microscopy, immunoblotting and measurements of the transepithelial potential changes, we show the following. (1) The apical membrane of the secretory cells becomes organized into an elaborate system of canaliculi and is folded into pleats during the last pupal day and the first day of adulthood. (2) The structural reorganization of the apical membrane is accompanied by an enrichment of actin filaments and phosphorylated ERM protein (phospho-moesin) at this membrane domain and by the deployment of the membrane-integral part of vacuolar-type H+-ATPase (V-ATPase). These findings suggest a role for phospho-moesin, a linker between actin filaments and membrane components, in apical membrane morphogenesis. (3) The assembly and activation of V-ATPase can be induced immediately after eclosion by way of 8-CPT-cAMP, a membrane-permeant cAMP analogue. (4) 5-HT, however, produces the assembly and activation of V-ATPase only in flies aged for at least 2 h after eclosion, indicating that, at eclosion, the 5-HT receptor/adenylyl cyclase/cAMP signalling pathway is inoperative upstream of cAMP. (5) 5-HT activates both the Ca2+ signalling pathway and the cAMP signalling cascade in fully differentiated secretory cells. However, the functionality of these signalling cascades does not seem to be established in a tightly coordinated manner during cell differentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Otto Baumann
- Institut für Biochemie und Biologie, Zoophysiologie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24–25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Alexandra Bauer
- Institut für Biochemie und Biologie, Zoophysiologie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24–25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
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Fechner L, Baumann O, Walz B. Activation of the cyclic AMP pathway promotes serotonin-induced Ca2+ oscillations in salivary glands of the blowfly Calliphora vicina. Cell Calcium 2012; 53:94-101. [PMID: 23131569 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2012.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2012] [Revised: 10/12/2012] [Accepted: 10/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Ca(2+) and cAMP signalling pathways interact in a complex manner at multiple sites. This crosstalk fine-tunes the spatiotemporal patterns of Ca(2+) and cAMP signals. In salivary glands of the blowfly Calliphora vicina fluid secretion is stimulated by serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) via activation of two different 5-HT receptors coupled to the InsP(3)/Ca(2+) (Cv5-HT(2α)) or the cAMP pathway (Cv5-HT(7)), respectively. We have shown recently in permeabilized gland cells that cAMP sensitizes InsP(3)-induced Ca(2+) release to InsP(3). Here we study the effects of the cAMP signalling pathway on 5-HT-induced oscillations in transepithelial potential (TEP) and in intracellular [Ca(2+)]. We show: (1) Blocking the activation of the cAMP pathway by cinanserin suppresses the generation of TEP and Ca(2+) oscillations, (2) application of 8-CPT-cAMP in the presence of cinanserin restores 5-HT-induced TEP and Ca(2+) oscillations, (3) 8-CPT-cAMP sensitizes the InsP(3)/Ca(2+) signalling pathway to 5-HT and the Cv5-HT(2α) receptor agonist 5-MeOT, (4) 8-CPT-cAMP induces Ca(2+) oscillations in cells loaded with subthreshold concentrations of InsP(3), (5) inhibition of protein kinase A by H-89 abolishes 5-HT-induced TEP and Ca(2+) spiking and mimics the effect of cinanserin. These results suggest that activation of the cyclic AMP pathway promotes the generation of 5-HT-induced Ca(2+) oscillations in blowfly salivary glands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lennart Fechner
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Department of Animal Physiology, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
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