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van Heugten MH, Blijdorp CJ, Arjune S, van Willigenburg H, Bezstarosti K, Demmers JA, Musterd-Bhaggoe U, Meijer E, Gansevoort RT, Zietse R, Hayat S, Kramann R, Müller RU, Salih M, Hoorn EJ. Matrix Metalloproteinase-7 in Urinary Extracellular Vesicles Identifies Rapid Disease Progression in Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease. J Am Soc Nephrol 2024; 35:321-334. [PMID: 38073039 PMCID: PMC10914202 DOI: 10.1681/asn.0000000000000277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT There is an unmet need for biomarkers of disease progression in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). This study investigated urinary extracellular vesicles (uEVs) as a source of such biomarkers. Proteomic analysis of uEVs identified matrix metalloproteinase 7 (MMP-7) as a biomarker predictive of rapid disease progression. In validation studies, MMP-7 was predictive in uEVs but not in whole urine, possibly because uEVs are primarily secreted by tubular epithelial cells. Indeed, single-nucleus RNA sequencing showed that MMP-7 was especially increased in proximal tubule and thick ascending limb cells, which were further characterized by a profibrotic phenotype. Together, these data suggest that MMP-7 is a biologically plausible and promising uEV biomarker for rapid disease progression in ADPKD. BACKGROUND In ADPKD, there is an unmet need for early markers of rapid disease progression to facilitate counseling and selection for kidney-protective therapy. Our aim was to identify markers for rapid disease progression in uEVs. METHODS Six paired case-control groups ( n =10-59/group) of cases with rapid disease progression and controls with stable disease were formed from two independent ADPKD cohorts, with matching by age, sex, total kidney volume, and genetic variant. Candidate uEV biomarkers were identified by mass spectrometry and further analyzed using immunoblotting and an ELISA. Single-nucleus RNA sequencing of healthy and ADPKD tissue was used to identify the cellular origin of the uEV biomarker. RESULTS In the discovery proteomics experiments, the protein abundance of MMP-7 was significantly higher in uEVs of patients with rapid disease progression compared with stable disease. In the validation groups, a significant >2-fold increase in uEV-MMP-7 in patients with rapid disease progression was confirmed using immunoblotting. By contrast, no significant difference in MMP-7 was found in whole urine using ELISA. Compared with healthy kidney tissue, ADPKD tissue had significantly higher MMP-7 expression in proximal tubule and thick ascending limb cells with a profibrotic phenotype. CONCLUSIONS Among patients with ADPKD, rapid disease progressors have higher uEV-associated MMP-7. Our findings also suggest that MMP-7 is a biologically plausible biomarker for more rapid disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martijn H. van Heugten
- Division of Nephrology and Transplantation, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Charles J. Blijdorp
- Division of Nephrology and Transplantation, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sita Arjune
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Center for Rare Diseases Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Hester van Willigenburg
- Division of Nephrology and Transplantation, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Karel Bezstarosti
- Proteomics Center, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Usha Musterd-Bhaggoe
- Division of Nephrology and Transplantation, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Esther Meijer
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ron T. Gansevoort
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Robert Zietse
- Division of Nephrology and Transplantation, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sikander Hayat
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Rafael Kramann
- Division of Nephrology and Transplantation, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Division of Nephrology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Roman-Ulrich Müller
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Center for Rare Diseases Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Mahdi Salih
- Division of Nephrology and Transplantation, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ewout J. Hoorn
- Division of Nephrology and Transplantation, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Cheng T, Mariappan A, Langner E, Shim K, Gopalakrishnan J, Mahjoub MR. Inhibiting centrosome clustering reduces cystogenesis and improves kidney function in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. JCI Insight 2024; 9:e172047. [PMID: 38385746 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.172047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is a monogenic disorder accounting for approximately 5% of patients with renal failure, yet therapeutics for the treatment of ADPKD remain limited. ADPKD tissues display abnormalities in the biogenesis of the centrosome, a defect that can cause genome instability, aberrant ciliary signaling, and secretion of pro-inflammatory factors. Cystic cells form excess centrosomes via a process termed centrosome amplification (CA), which causes abnormal multipolar spindle configurations, mitotic catastrophe, and reduced cell viability. However, cells with CA can suppress multipolarity via "centrosome clustering," a key mechanism by which cells circumvent apoptosis. Here, we demonstrate that inhibiting centrosome clustering can counteract the proliferation of renal cystic cells with high incidences of CA. Using ADPKD human cells and mouse models, we show that preventing centrosome clustering with 2 inhibitors, CCB02 and PJ34, blocks cyst initiation and growth in vitro and in vivo. Inhibiting centrosome clustering activates a p53-mediated surveillance mechanism leading to apoptosis, reduced cyst expansion, decreased interstitial fibrosis, and improved kidney function. Transcriptional analysis of kidneys from treated mice identified pro-inflammatory signaling pathways implicated in CA-mediated cystogenesis and fibrosis. Our results demonstrate that centrosome clustering is a cyst-selective target for the improvement of renal morphology and function in ADPKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Cheng
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology Division, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Aruljothi Mariappan
- Institute of Human Genetics, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ewa Langner
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology Division, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Kyuhwan Shim
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology Division, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Jay Gopalakrishnan
- Institute of Human Genetics, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Moe R Mahjoub
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology Division, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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Sorić Hosman I, Cvitković Roić A, Fištrek Prlić M, Vuković Brinar I, Lamot L. Predicting autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease progression: review of promising Serum and urine biomarkers. Front Pediatr 2023; 11:1274435. [PMID: 38027263 PMCID: PMC10667601 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2023.1274435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is one of the leading causes of end-stage renal disease. In spite of the recent tremendous progress in the understanding of ADPKD pathogenesis, the molecular mechanisms of the disease remain incompletely understood. Considering emerging new targeted therapies for ADPKD, it has become crucial to disclose easily measurable and widely available biomarkers for identifying patients with future rapid disease progression. This review encompasses all the research with a shared goal of identifying promising serum or urine biomarkers for predicting ADPKD progression or response to therapy. The rate of the ADPKD progress varies significantly between patients. The phenotypic variability is only partly explained by the underlying genetic lesion diversity. Considering significant decline in kidney function in ADPKD is not usually evident until at least 50% of the parenchyma has been destroyed, conventional kidney function measures, such as glomerular filtration rate (GFR), are not suitable for monitoring disease progression in ADPKD, particularly in its early stages. Since polycystic kidney enlargement usually precedes the decline in GFR, height-adjusted total kidney volume (ht-TKV) has been accepted as an early biomarker for assessing disease severity in ADPKD patients. However, since measuring ht-TKV is time-consuming and observer-dependent, the identification of a sensitive and quickly measurable biomarker is of a great interest for everyday clinical practice. Throughout the last decade, due to development of proteomic and metabolomic techniques and the enlightenment of multiple molecular pathways involved in the ADPKD pathogenesis, a number of urine and serum protein biomarkers have been investigated in ADPKD patients, some of which seem worth of further exploring. These include copeptin, angiotensinogen, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1, kidney injury molecule-1 and urine-to-plasma urea ratio among many others. The aim of the current review is to provide an overview of all of the published evidence on potentially clinically valuable serum and urine biomarkers that could be used for predicting disease progression or response to therapy in patients with ADPKD. Hopefully, this review will encourage future longitudinal prospective clinical studies evaluating proposed biomarkers as prognostic tools to improve management and outcome of ADPKD patients in everyday clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iva Sorić Hosman
- Department of Pediatrics, General Hospital Zadar, Zadar, Croatia
| | - Andrea Cvitković Roić
- Department of Nephrology and Urology, Clinic for Pediatric Medicine Helena, Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Margareta Fištrek Prlić
- Department of Nephrology, Hypertension, Dialysis and Transplantation, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivana Vuković Brinar
- Department of Nephrology, Hypertension, Dialysis and Transplantation, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Lovro Lamot
- Division of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
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Hallows KR, Abebe KZ, Li H, Saitta B, Althouse AD, Bae KT, Lalama CM, Miskulin DC, Perrone RD, Seliger SL, Watnick TJ. Association of Longitudinal Urinary Metabolic Biomarkers With ADPKD Severity and Response to Metformin in TAME-PKD Clinical Trial Participants. Kidney Int Rep 2023; 8:467-477. [PMID: 36938071 PMCID: PMC10014337 DOI: 10.1016/j.ekir.2022.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Dysregulated cellular metabolism contributes to autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) pathogenesis. The Trial of Administration of Metformin in Polycystic Kidney Disease (TAME-PKD) tested the effects of metformin treatment over 2 years in adult ADPKD patients with mild-moderate disease severity. Metformin was found to be safe and tolerable with an insignificant trend toward reduced estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) decline compared to placebo. Here we tested whether targeted urinary metabolic biomarkers measured in TAME-PKD participants correlated with disease progression, severity, and metformin treatment in cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses. Methods Concentrations of total protein, targeted metabolites (lactate, pyruvate, and succinate), and glycolytic enzymes (pyruvate kinase-M2, lactate dehydrogenase-A, and pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase-1) were measured and normalized by creatinine or osmolality in urine specimens and compared with height-adjusted total kidney volume (htTKV) and eGFR at the different study timepoints. Results In cross-sectional analyses utilizing placebo group data, urinary succinate normalized by creatinine negatively correlated with ln (htTKV), whereas protein excretion strongly positively correlated with ln (htTKV), and negatively correlated with eGFR. Significant time-varying negative associations occurred with eGFR and the lactate/pyruvate ratio and with urine protein normalized by osmolality, indicating correlations of these biomarkers with disease progression. In secondary analyses, urinary pyruvate normalized by osmolality was preserved in metformin-treated participants but declined in placebo over the 2-year study period with a significant between-arm difference, suggesting time-dependent urinary pyruvate changes may serve as a discriminator for metformin treatment effects in this study population. Conclusion Proteinuria with enhanced glycolytic and reduced oxidative metabolic markers generally correlated with disease severity and risk of progression in the TAME-PKD study population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth R. Hallows
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Correspondence: Kenneth R. Hallows, Department of Medicine and USC/UKRO Kidney Research Center, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, 2020 Zonal Avenue, IRD 806, Los Angeles, California 90033, USA.
| | - Kaleab Z. Abebe
- Department of Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Biagio Saitta
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Andrew D. Althouse
- Department of Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kyongtae T. Bae
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Christina M. Lalama
- Department of Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Dana C. Miskulin
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ronald D. Perrone
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Stephen L. Seliger
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Terry J. Watnick
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Chen X, Shi Z, Yang F, Zhou T, Xie S. Deciphering cilia and ciliopathies using proteomic approaches. FEBS J 2022; 290:2590-2603. [PMID: 35633520 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Cilia are microtubule-based organelles that protrude from the cell surface and play crucial roles in cellular signaling pathways and extracellular fluid movement. Defects in the ciliary structures and functions are implicated in a set of hereditary disorders, including polycystic kidney disease, nephronophthisis, and Bardet-Biedl syndrome, which are collectively termed as ciliopathies. The application of mass spectrometry-based proteomic approaches to explore ciliary components provides important clues for understanding their physiological and pathological roles. In this review, we focus primarily on proteomic studies involving the identification of proteins in motile cilia and primary cilia, proteomes in ciliopathies, and interactomes of ciliopathy proteins. Collectively, the integration of these data sets will be beneficial for the comprehensive understanding of ciliary structures and exploring potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for ciliopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiying Chen
- The Children's Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Cell Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhouyuanjing Shi
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Feng Yang
- The Children's Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Cell Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tianhua Zhou
- Department of Cell Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shanshan Xie
- The Children's Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Cell Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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Hu C, Beebe K, Hernandez EJ, Lazaro-Guevara JM, Revelo MP, Huang Y, Maschek JA, Cox JE, Kohan DE. Multiomic identification of factors associated with progression to cystic kidney disease in mice with nephron Ift88 disruption. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2022; 322:F175-F192. [PMID: 34927449 PMCID: PMC8782669 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00409.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Ift88 gene mutations cause primary cilia loss and polycystic kidney disease (PKD) in mice. Nephron intraflagellar transport protein 88 (Ift88) knockout (KO) at 2 mo postnatal does not affect renal histology at 4 mo postnatal and causes PKD only in males by 11 mo postnatal. To identify factors associated with PKD development, kidneys from 4-mo-old male and female control and Ift88 KO mice underwent transcriptomic, proteomic, Western blot, metabolomic, and lipidomic analyses. mRNAs involved in extracellular matrix (ECM) synthesis and degradation were selectively upregulated in male KO mice. Proteomic analysis was insufficiently sensitive to detect most ECM components, while Western blot analysis paradoxically revealed reduced fibronectin and collagen type I in male KO mice. Only male KO mice had upregulated mRNAs encoding fibrinogen subunits and receptors for vascular endothelial growth factor and platelet-derived growth factor; period 2, period 3, and nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group D member 1 clock mRNAs were selectively decreased in male KO mice. Proteomic, metabolomic, and lipidomic analyses detected a relative (vs. the same-sex control) decrease in factors involved in fatty acid β-oxidation in female KO mice, while increased or unchanged levels in male KO mice, including medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, 3-hydroxybutyrate, and acylcarnitine. Three putative mRNA biomarkers of cystogenesis in male Ift88 KO mice (similar control levels between sexes and uniquely altered by KO in males) were identified, including high levels (fibrinogen α-chain and stromal cell-derived factor 2-like 1) and low levels (BTG3-associated nuclear protein) in male KO mice. These findings suggest that relative alterations in renal ECM metabolism, fatty acid β-oxidation, and other pathways precede cystogenesis in Ift88 KO mice. In addition, potential novel biomarkers of cystogenesis in Ift88 KO mice have been identified.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Male, but not female, mice with nephron intraflagellar transport protein 88 (Ift88) gene knockout (KO) develop polycystic kidneys by ∼1 yr postnatal. We performed multiomic analysis of precystic male and female Ift88 KO and control kidneys. Precystic male Ift88 KO mice exhibited differential alterations (vs. females) in mRNA, proteins, metabolites, and/or lipids associated with renal extracellular matrix metabolism, fatty acid β-oxidation, circadian rhythm, and other pathways. These findings suggest targets for evaluation in the pathogenesis of Ift88 KO polycystic kidneys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyan Hu
- Division of Nephrology, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Katherine Beebe
- Molecular Medicine Program, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Edgar J Hernandez
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, Utah
- Utah Center for Genetic Discovery, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Jose M Lazaro-Guevara
- Division of Nephrology, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, Utah
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Monica P Revelo
- Deparment of Pathology, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Yufeng Huang
- Division of Nephrology, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - J Alan Maschek
- Deparment of Pathology, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - James E Cox
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Donald E Kohan
- Division of Nephrology, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, Utah
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Ppia is the most stable housekeeping gene for qRT-PCR normalization in kidneys of three Pkd1-deficient mouse models. Sci Rep 2021; 11:19798. [PMID: 34611276 PMCID: PMC8492864 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-99366-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease (ADPKD) is the most common inherited renal disorder, characterized by renal cyst development leading to end-stage renal disease. Although the appropriate choice of suitable reference is critical for quantitative RNA analysis, no comparison of frequently used “housekeeping” genes is available. Here, we determined the validity of 7 candidate housekeeping genes (Actb, Actg1, B2m, Gapdh, Hprt, Pgam1 and Ppia) in kidney tissues from mouse models orthologous to ADPKD, including a cystic mice (CY) 10–12 weeks old (Pkd1flox/flox:Nestincre/Pkd1flox/−:Nestincre, n = 10) and non-cystic (NC) controls (Pkd1flox/flox/Pkd1flox/-, n = 10), Pkd1-haploinsufficient (HT) mice (Pkd1+/−, n = 6) and wild-type (WT) controls (Pkd1+/+, n = 6) and a severely cystic (SC) mice 15 days old (Pkd1V/V, n = 7) and their controls (CO, n = 5). Gene expression data were analyzed using six distinct statistical softwares. The estimation of the ideal number of genes suggested the use of Ppia alone as sufficient, although not ideal, to analyze groups altogether. Actb, Hprt and Ppia expression profiles were correlated in all samples. Ppia was identified as the most stable housekeeping gene, while Gapdh was the least stable for all kidney samples. Stat3 expression level was consistent with upregulation in SC compared to CO when normalized by Ppia expression. In conclusion, present findings identified Ppia as the best housekeeping gene for CY + NC and SC + CO groups, while Hprt was the best for the HT + WT group.
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Predictors of progression in autosomal dominant and autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease. Pediatr Nephrol 2021; 36:2639-2658. [PMID: 33474686 PMCID: PMC8292447 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-020-04869-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) and autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease (ARPKD) are characterized by bilateral cystic kidney disease leading to progressive kidney function decline. These diseases also have distinct liver manifestations. The range of clinical presentation and severity of both ADPKD and ARPKD is much wider than was once recognized. Pediatric and adult nephrologists are likely to care for individuals with both diseases in their lifetimes. This article will review genetic, clinical, and imaging predictors of kidney and liver disease progression in ADPKD and ARPKD and will briefly summarize pharmacologic therapies to prevent progression.
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Lourenço C, Constâncio V, Henrique R, Carvalho Â, Jerónimo C. Urinary Extracellular Vesicles as Potential Biomarkers for Urologic Cancers: An Overview of Current Methods and Advances. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:1529. [PMID: 33810357 PMCID: PMC8036842 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13071529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Urologic cancers are a heterogeneous group of tumors, some of which have poor prognosis. This is partly due to the unavailability of specific and sensitive diagnostic techniques and monitoring tests, ideally non- or minimally invasive. Hence, liquid biopsies are promising tools that have been gaining significant attention over the last decade. Among the different classes of biomarkers that can be isolated from biofluids, urinary extracellular vesicles (uEVs) are a promising low-invasive source of biomarkers, with the potential to improve cancer diagnosis and disease management. Different techniques have been developed to isolate and characterize the cargo of these vesicles; however, no consensus has been reached, challenging the comparison among studies. This results in a vast number of studies portraying an extensive list of uEV-derived candidate biomarkers for urologic cancers, with the potential to improve clinical outcome; however, without significant validation. Herein, we review the current published research on miRNA and protein-derived uEV for prostate, bladder and kidney cancers, focusing on different uEV isolation methods, and its implications for biomarker studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Lourenço
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (C.L.); (Â.C.)
- INEB-Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- IPO Porto Research Center (CBEG CI-IPOP), Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (V.C.); (R.H.)
- Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (P.CCC), R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Vera Constâncio
- IPO Porto Research Center (CBEG CI-IPOP), Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (V.C.); (R.H.)
- Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (P.CCC), R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Rui Henrique
- IPO Porto Research Center (CBEG CI-IPOP), Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (V.C.); (R.H.)
- Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (P.CCC), R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Pathology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPOP), R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto (ICBAS-UP), Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-513 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ângela Carvalho
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (C.L.); (Â.C.)
- INEB-Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (P.CCC), R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Carmen Jerónimo
- IPO Porto Research Center (CBEG CI-IPOP), Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (V.C.); (R.H.)
- Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (P.CCC), R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto (ICBAS-UP), Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-513 Porto, Portugal
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10
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Zacchia M, Marchese E, Trani EM, Caterino M, Capolongo G, Perna A, Ruoppolo M, Capasso G. Proteomics and metabolomics studies exploring the pathophysiology of renal dysfunction in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease and other ciliopathies. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2021; 35:1853-1861. [PMID: 31219585 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfz121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The primary cilium (PC) was considered as a vestigial organelle with no significant physiological importance, until the discovery that PC perturbation disturbs several signalling pathways and results in the dysfunction of a variety of organs. Genetic studies have demonstrated that mutations affecting PC proteins or its anchoring structure, the basal body, underlie a class of human disorders (known as ciliopathies) characterized by a constellation of clinical signs. Further investigations have demonstrated that the PC is involved in a broad range of biological processes, in both developing and mature tissues. Kidney disease is a common clinical feature of cilia disorders, supporting the hypothesis of a crucial role of the PC in kidney homoeostasis. Clinical proteomics and metabolomics are an expanding research area. Interestingly, the application of these methodologies to the analysis of urine, a biological sample that can be collected in a non-invasive fashion and possibly in large amounts, makes these studies feasible also in patients. The present article describes the most recent proteomic and metabolomic studies exploring kidney dysfunction in the setting of ciliopathies, showing the potential of these methodologies in the elucidation of disease pathophysiology and in the discovery of biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Zacchia
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Emanuela Marchese
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Elena Martina Trani
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Marianna Caterino
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,CEINGE, Center for Genetic Engineering, Naples, Italy.,DiSciMuS RFC, Casoria, 80026, Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanna Capolongo
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Alessandra Perna
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Margherita Ruoppolo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,CEINGE, Center for Genetic Engineering, Naples, Italy.,DiSciMuS RFC, Casoria, 80026, Naples, Italy
| | - Giovambattista Capasso
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy.,Biogem Scarl, Ariano Irpino, Italy
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11
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Chebib FT, Torres VE. Assessing Risk of Rapid Progression in Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease and Special Considerations for Disease-Modifying Therapy. Am J Kidney Dis 2021; 78:282-292. [PMID: 33705818 DOI: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2020.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is the most common inherited cause of kidney failure, accounting for 5%-10% of cases. Predicting which patients with ADPKD will progress rapidly to kidney failure is critical to assess the risk-benefit ratio of any intervention and to consider early initiation of long-term kidney protective measures that will maximize the cumulative benefit of slowing disease progression. Surrogate prognostic biomarkers are required to predict future decline in kidney function. Clinical, genetic, environmental, epigenetic, and radiologic factors have been studied as predictors of progression to kidney failure in ADPKD. A complex interaction of these prognostic factors determines the number of kidney cysts and their growth rates, which affect total kidney volume (TKV). Age-adjusted TKV, represented by the Mayo imaging classification, estimates each patient's unique rate of kidney growth and provides the most individualized approach available clinically so far. Tolvaptan has been approved to slow disease progression in patients at risk of rapidly progressive disease. Several other disease-modifying treatments are being studied in clinical trials. Selection criteria for patients at risk of rapid progression vary widely among countries and are based on a combination of age, baseline glomerular filtration rate (GFR), GFR slope, baseline TKV, and TKV rate of growth. This review details the approach in assessing the risk of disease progression in ADPKD and identifying patients who would benefit from long-term therapy with disease-modifying agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fouad T Chebib
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN.
| | - Vicente E Torres
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN
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12
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Dong N, Gu H, Liu D, Wei X, Ma W, Ma L, Liu Y, Wang Y, Jia S, Huang J, Wang C, He X, Huang T, He Y, Zhang Q, An D, Bai Y, Yuan Z. Complement factors and alpha-fetoprotein as biomarkers for noninvasive prenatal diagnosis of neural tube defects. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2020; 1478:75-91. [PMID: 32761624 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Revised: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Neural tube defects (NTDs) are serious congenital malformations. In this study, we aimed to identify more specific and sensitive maternal serum biomarkers for noninvasive NTD screenings. We collected serum from 37 pregnant women carrying fetuses with NTDs and 38 pregnant women carrying normal fetuses. Isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation were conducted for differential proteomic analysis, and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to validate the results. We then used a support vector machine (SVM) classifier to establish a disease prediction model for NTD diagnosis. We identified 113 differentially expressed proteins; of these, 23 were either up- or downregulated 1.5-fold or more, including five complement proteins (C1QA, C1S, C1R, C9, and C3); C3 and C9 were downregulated significantly in NTD groups. The accuracy rate of the SVM model of the complement factors (including C1QA, C1S, and C3) was 62.5%, with 60% sensitivity and 67% specificity, while the accuracy rate of the SVM model of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP, an established biomarker for NTDs) was 62.5%, with 75% sensitivity and 50% specificity. Combination of the complement factor and AFP data resulted in the SVM model accuracy of 75%, and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed 75% sensitivity and 75% specificity. These data suggest that a disease prediction model based on combined complement factor and AFP data could serve as a more accurate method of noninvasive prenatal NTD diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naixuan Dong
- Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Congenital Malformation, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,School of Sino-Dutch Biomedical & Information Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hui Gu
- Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Congenital Malformation, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Congenital Malformation, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaowei Wei
- Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Congenital Malformation, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Wei Ma
- Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Congenital Malformation, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ling Ma
- Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Congenital Malformation, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yusi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Congenital Malformation, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yanfu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Congenital Malformation, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shanshan Jia
- Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Congenital Malformation, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jieting Huang
- Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Congenital Malformation, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Chenfei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Congenital Malformation, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xuan He
- School of Sino-Dutch Biomedical & Information Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Tianchu Huang
- Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Congenital Malformation, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yiwen He
- Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Congenital Malformation, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Second Respiratory Department, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Dong An
- Pediatric Department, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yuzuo Bai
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhengwei Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Congenital Malformation, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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13
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Xue C, Mei CL. Polycystic Kidney Disease and Renal Fibrosis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1165:81-100. [PMID: 31399962 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-8871-2_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Polycystic kidney disease (PKD) is a common genetic disorder characterized by formations of numerous cysts in kidneys and most caused by PKD1 or PKD2 mutations in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). The interstitial inflammation and fibrosis is one of the major pathological changes in polycystic kidney tissues with an accumulation of inflammatory cells, chemokines, and cytokines. The immune response is observed across different stages and occurs prior to or coincident with cyst formation in ADPKD. Evidence for inflammation as an important contributor to cyst growth and fibrosis includes increased interstitial macrophages, upregulated expressions of pro-inflammatory cytokines, activated complement system, and activated pathways including NF-κB and JAK-STAT signaling in polycystic kidney tissues. Inflammatory cells are responsible for overproduction of several pro-fibrotic growth factors which promote renal fibrosis in ADPKD. These growth factors trigger epithelial mesenchymal transition and myofibroblast/fibrocyte activation, which stimulate the expansion of extracellular matrix (ECM) including collagen I, III, IV, V, and fibronectin, leading to renal fibrosis and reduced renal function. Besides, there are imbalanced ECM turnover regulators which lead to the increased ECM production and inadequate degradation in polycystic kidney tissues. Several fibrosis associated signaling pathways, such as TGFβ-SMAD, Wnt, and periostin-integrin-linked kinase are also activated in polycystic kidney tissues. Although the effective anti-fibrotic treatments are limited at the present time, slowing the cyst expansion and fibrosis development is very important for prolonging life span and improving the palliative care of ADPKD patients. The inhibition of pro-fibrotic cytokines involved in fibrosis might be a new therapeutic strategy for ADPKD in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Xue
- Division of Nephrology, Kidney Institute of PLA, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chang-Lin Mei
- Division of Nephrology, Kidney Institute of PLA, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.
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14
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Latosinska A, Siwy J, Mischak H, Frantzi M. Peptidomics and proteomics based on CE‐MS as a robust tool in clinical application: The past, the present, and the future. Electrophoresis 2019; 40:2294-2308. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201900091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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15
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Ricci P, Magalhães P, Krochmal M, Pejchinovski M, Daina E, Caruso MR, Goea L, Belczacka I, Remuzzi G, Umbhauer M, Drube J, Pape L, Mischak H, Decramer S, Schaefer F, Schanstra JP, Cereghini S, Zürbig P. Urinary proteome signature of Renal Cysts and Diabetes syndrome in children. Sci Rep 2019; 9:2225. [PMID: 30778115 PMCID: PMC6379363 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-38713-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal Cysts and Diabetes Syndrome (RCAD) is an autosomal dominant disorder caused by mutations in the HNF1B gene encoding for the transcriptional factor hepatocyte nuclear factor-1B. RCAD is characterized as a multi-organ disease, with a broad spectrum of symptoms including kidney abnormalities (renal cysts, renal hypodysplasia, single kidney, horseshoe kidneys, hydronephrosis), early-onset diabetes mellitus, abnormal liver function, pancreatic hypoplasia and genital tract malformations. In the present study, using capillary electrophoresis coupled to mass spectrometry (CE-MS), we investigated the urinary proteome of a pediatric cohort of RCAD patients and different controls to identify peptide biomarkers and obtain further insights into the pathophysiology of this disorder. As a result, 146 peptides were found to be associated with RCAD in 22 pediatric patients when compared to 22 healthy age-matched controls. A classifier based on these peptides was generated and further tested on an independent cohort, clearly discriminating RCAD patients from different groups of controls. This study demonstrates that the urinary proteome of pediatric RCAD patients differs from autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (PKD1, PKD2), congenital nephrotic syndrome (NPHS1, NPHS2, NPHS4, NPHS9) as well as from chronic kidney disease conditions, suggesting differences between the pathophysiology behind these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierbruno Ricci
- Sorbonne Université - CNRS - UMR7622 - Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (IBPS), Paris, France
| | - Pedro Magalhães
- Mosaiques Diagnostics GmbH, Hannover, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | | | | | - Erica Daina
- IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri - Clinical Research Center for Rare Diseases Aldo e Cele Daccò, Ranica Bergamo, Italy
| | | | - Laura Goea
- Sorbonne Université - CNRS - UMR7622 - Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (IBPS), Paris, France
| | - Iwona Belczacka
- Mosaiques Diagnostics GmbH, Hannover, Germany
- University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), Aachen, Germany
| | - Giuseppe Remuzzi
- IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri - Clinical Research Center for Rare Diseases Aldo e Cele Daccò, Ranica Bergamo, Italy
| | - Muriel Umbhauer
- Sorbonne Université - CNRS - UMR7622 - Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (IBPS), Paris, France
| | - Jens Drube
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Lars Pape
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Stéphane Decramer
- Service de Néphrologie Pédiatrique, Hôpital des Enfants, CHU Toulouse, Toulouse, France
- Centre De Référence des Maladies Rénales Rares du Sud Ouest (SORARE), Toulouse, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1048, Institut of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease, Toulouse, France
- Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Franz Schaefer
- University Children Hospital, Pediatric Nephrology, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Joost P Schanstra
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1048, Institut of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease, Toulouse, France
- Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Silvia Cereghini
- Sorbonne Université - CNRS - UMR7622 - Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (IBPS), Paris, France
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16
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Ieguchi K, Maru Y. Roles of EphA1/A2 and ephrin-A1 in cancer. Cancer Sci 2019; 110:841-848. [PMID: 30657619 PMCID: PMC6398892 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The biological functions of the Eph/ephrin system have been intensively investigated and well documented so far since its discovery in 1987. Although the Eph/ephrin system has been implicated in pathological settings such as Alzheimer's disease and cancer, the molecular mechanism of the Eph/ephrin system in those diseases is not well understood. Especially in cancer, recent studies have demonstrated that most of Eph and ephrin are up‐ or down‐regulated in various types of cancer, and have been implicated in tumor progression, tumor malignancy, and prognosis. However, they lack consistency and are in controversy. The localization patterns of EphA1 and EphA2 in mouse lungs are very similar, and both knockout mice showed similar phenotypes in the lungs. Ephrin‐A1 that is a membrane‐anchored ligand for EphAs was co‐localized with EphA1 and EphA2 in lung vascular endothelial cells. We recently uncovered the molecular mechanism of ephrin‐A1‐induced lung metastasis by understanding the physiological function of ephrin‐A1 in lungs. This review focuses on the function of EphA1, EphA2, and ephrin‐A1 in tumors and an establishment of pre‐metastatic microenvironment in the lungs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuaki Ieguchi
- Department of Pharmacology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshiro Maru
- Department of Pharmacology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
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17
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Perico L, Perico N, Benigni A. The incessant search for renal biomarkers: is it really justified? Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens 2018; 28:195-202. [PMID: 30531471 DOI: 10.1097/mnh.0000000000000481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review summarizes the most recent and relevant findings in the search for novel biomarkers for the most common renal diseases. RECENT FINDINGS Unprecedented, fast-paced technical advances in biomedical research have offered an opportunity to identify novel and more specific renal biomarkers in several clinical settings. However, despite the huge efforts made, the molecules identified so far have generally failed to provide relevant information beyond what has already been generated by established biomarkers, such as serum creatinine and proteinuria, whereas the complexity and costs of these technology platforms hamper their widespread implementation. SUMMARY No novel renal biomarkers have added clear-cut additional value in clinical decision-making. The only exception is anti-phospholipase A2 receptor antibodies, which have been implemented successfully as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker of membranous nephropathy. This achievement, along with the large number of ongoing collaborative projects worldwide, should lead the renal community to be quite confident regarding the successful qualification of novel and effective diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic response biomarkers for kidney diseases, hopefully in the next few years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Perico
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Bergamo, Italy
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18
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Sans-Atxer L, Joly D. Tolvaptan in the treatment of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease: patient selection and special considerations. Int J Nephrol Renovasc Dis 2018; 11:41-51. [PMID: 29430193 PMCID: PMC5797468 DOI: 10.2147/ijnrd.s125942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Standard of care therapies for autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) may limit morbidity and mortality due to disease-related complications, but they do not delay disease progression. Tolvaptan, a selective vasopressin V2 receptor antagonist, delays the increase in kidney volume (a surrogate marker for disease progression), slows the decline in renal function, and reduces pain in ADPKD patients with relatively preserved renal function. The most common adverse events of tolvaptan are linked to its aquaretic effect, and rare cases of idiosyncratic hepatitis were observed. Additional ongoing studies will determine whether the benefits are sustained over time, whether they can be observed in patients with advanced kidney disease, and whether they can be translated in terms of quality of life and cost/effectiveness parameters. Tolvaptan is currently approved in Europe and several countries throughout the world. In real-life conditions, selection of patients that would be good theoretical candidates to tolvaptan is a key but complex question. Eligibility criteria slightly differ from one country to another, and several models (based on conventional data, genetics, renal volume) were recently proposed to identify patients with evidence or risk of rapid disease progression. Eligible patients will ultimately make the decision to start tolvaptan, after complete information, consideration, and balancing of benefits, adverse events, and risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laia Sans-Atxer
- Department of Nephrology, Hospital del Mar, Institut Mar for Medical Research, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Dominique Joly
- Faculty of Medicine, Université Paris-Descartes, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Service de Néphrologie, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France
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19
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Urinary proteomics using capillary electrophoresis coupled to mass spectrometry for diagnosis and prognosis in kidney diseases. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens 2018; 25:494-501. [PMID: 27584928 DOI: 10.1097/mnh.0000000000000278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Urine is the most useful of body fluids for biomarker research. Therefore, we have focused on urinary proteomics, using capillary electrophoresis coupled to mass spectrometry, to investigate kidney diseases in recent years. RECENT FINDINGS Several urinary proteomics studies for the detection of various kidney diseases have indicated the potential of this approach aimed at diagnostic and prognostic assessment. Urinary protein biomarkers such as collagen fragments, serum albumin, α-1-antitrypsin, and uromodulin can help to explain the processes involved during disease progression. SUMMARY Urinary proteomics has been used in several studies in order to identify and validate biomarkers associated with different kidney diseases. These biomarkers, with improved sensitivity and specificity when compared with the current gold standards, provide a significant alternative for diagnosis and prognosis, as well as improving clinical decision-making.
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20
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Krochmal M, Schanstra JP, Mischak H. Urinary peptidomics in kidney disease and drug research. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2017; 13:259-268. [DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2018.1418320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Krochmal
- Department of Biotechnology, Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
- Mosaiques Diagnostics GmbH, Hannover, Germany
| | - Joost P Schanstra
- Institut of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1048, Toulouse, France
- Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Harald Mischak
- Mosaiques Diagnostics GmbH, Hannover, Germany
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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21
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Pejchinovski M, Siwy J, Metzger J, Dakna M, Mischak H, Klein J, Jankowski V, Bae KT, Chapman AB, Kistler AD. Urine peptidome analysis predicts risk of end-stage renal disease and reveals proteolytic pathways involved in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease progression. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2017; 32:487-497. [PMID: 27382111 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfw243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is characterized by slowly progressive bilateral renal cyst growth ultimately resulting in loss of kidney function and end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Disease progression rate and age at ESRD are highly variable. Therapeutic interventions therefore require early risk stratification of patients and monitoring of disease progression in response to treatment. Methods We used a urine peptidomic approach based on capillary electrophoresis-mass-spectrometry (CE-MS) to identify potential biomarkers reflecting the risk for early progression to ESRD in the Consortium of Radiologic Imaging in Polycystic Kidney Disease (CRISP) cohort. Results A biomarker-based classifier consisting of 20 urinary peptides allowed the prediction of ESRD within 10-13 years of follow-up in patients 24-46 years of age at baseline. The performance of the biomarker score approached that of height-adjusted total kidney volume (htTKV) and the combination of the biomarker panel with htTKV improved prediction over either one alone. In young patients (<24 years at baseline), the same biomarker model predicted a 30 mL/min/1.73 m 2 glomerular filtration rate decline over 8 years. Sequence analysis of the altered urinary peptides and the prediction of the involved proteases by in silico analysis revealed alterations in distinct proteolytic pathways, in particular matrix metalloproteinases and cathepsins. Conclusion We developed a urinary test that accurately predicts relevant clinical outcomes in ADPKD patients and suggests altered proteolytic pathways involved in disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Pejchinovski
- Mosaiques Diagnostics and Therapeutics AG, Hannover, Germany.,Charite-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Justyna Siwy
- Mosaiques Diagnostics and Therapeutics AG, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jochen Metzger
- Mosaiques Diagnostics and Therapeutics AG, Hannover, Germany
| | - Mohammed Dakna
- Mosaiques Diagnostics and Therapeutics AG, Hannover, Germany
| | - Harald Mischak
- Mosaiques Diagnostics and Therapeutics AG, Hannover, Germany.,BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Julie Klein
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1048, Toulouse, France.,Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Vera Jankowski
- Universitätsklinikum RWTH Aachen, Institute of Molecular Cardiovascular Research, Aachen, Germany
| | - Kyongtae T Bae
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Arlene B Chapman
- Section of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Andreas D Kistler
- Department of Internal Medicine, Renal Unit, Cantonal Hospital Frauenfeld, Frauenfeld, Switzerland
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22
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Lanktree MB, Chapman AB. New treatment paradigms for ADPKD: moving towards precision medicine. Nat Rev Nephrol 2017; 13:750-768. [DOI: 10.1038/nrneph.2017.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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23
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Zhong X, Tu YJ, Li Y, Zhang P, Wang W, Chen SS, Li L, Chung ACK, Lan HY, Chen HY, Li GS, Wang L. Serum levels of WNT1-inducible signaling pathway protein-1 (WISP-1): a noninvasive biomarker of renal fibrosis in subjects with chronic kidney disease. Am J Transl Res 2017; 9:2920-2932. [PMID: 28670380 PMCID: PMC5489892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
WNT1-inducible signaling pathway protein-1 (WISP-1) is an extracellular matrix-related protein that plays multiple roles in cellular physiology and pathology. Accumulating evidence shows that WISP-1 is involved in the process underlying fibrotic diseases. However, the correlation between WISP-1 and renal fibrosis is unknown. In this study, we hypothesized that WISP-1 levels might be correlated with renal fibrosis and could be used as a noninvasive biomarker to screen for renal fibrosis in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). We first measured the WISP-1 expression levels using a transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)-induced renal fibrosis tubular epithelial cell (TEC) model and a mouse model of obstructive nephropathy. We then evaluated the correlation between serum WISP-1 levels and fibrosis scores in biopsy-proven renal fibrosis of patients with CKD. Based on the findings from both in vivo and in vitro studies, the levels of WISP-1 and fibrotic parameters (collagen I, fibronectin and α-smooth muscle actin) were significantly increased in the fibrotic models. Consistently, patients with focal proliferative IgA nephropathy, focal segmental glomerular sclerosis and diabetic nephropathy displayed markedly elevated serum WISP-1 levels and fibrosis scores of renal biopsies compared with normal subjects and patients with minimal change disease (P<0.05). Importantly, the serum WISP-1 levels were positively correlated with fibrosis scores in the renal biopsies of these patients (r=0.475, P=0.0001). Thus, serum WISP-1 levels may be used as a potential noninvasive biomarker of renal fibrosis in patients with CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Zhong
- Department of Nephrology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu, China
| | - Yue Ju Tu
- Department of Nephrology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu, China
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Nephrology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu, China
| | - Sha Sha Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu, China
| | - Li Li
- Laboratory of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengdu, China
| | - Arthur CK Chung
- Partner State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong Baptist UniversityHong Kong, China
- HKBU Institute for Research and Continuing EducationShenzhen, China
| | - Hui Yao Lan
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong, China
| | - Hai Yong Chen
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong KongPokfulam, Hong Kong
- Department of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen HospitalShenzhen, China
| | - Gui Sen Li
- Department of Nephrology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu, China
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Choi YW, Kim YG, Song MY, Moon JY, Jeong KH, Lee TW, Ihm CG, Park KS, Lee SH. Potential urine proteomics biomarkers for primary nephrotic syndrome. Clin Proteomics 2017; 14:18. [PMID: 28522940 PMCID: PMC5434615 DOI: 10.1186/s12014-017-9153-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nephrotic syndrome (NS) is a nonspecific kidney disorder, commonly caused by minimal change disease (MCD), focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS), and membranous nephropathy (MN). Here we analyzed urinary protein profiles, aiming to discover disease-specific biomarkers of these three common diseases in NS. METHODS Sixteen urine samples were collected from patients with biopsy-proven NS and healthy controls. After removal of high-abundance proteins, the urinary protein profile was analyzed by LC-MS/MS to generate a discovery set. For validation, ELISA was used to analyze the selected proteins in 61 urine samples. RESULTS The discovery set included 228 urine proteins, of which 22 proteins were differently expressed in MCD, MN, and FSGS. Among these, C9, CD14, and SERPINA1 were validated by ELISA. All three proteins were elevated in MCD, MN, and FSGS groups compared with in IgA nephropathy and healthy controls. When a regression model was applied, receiver operating characteristic analysis clearly discriminated MCD from the other causative diseases in NS. CONCLUSIONS We developed a disease-specific protein panel that discriminated between three main causes of NS. Through this pilot study, we suggest that urine proteomics could be a non-invasive and clinically available tool to discriminate MCD from MN and FSGS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Wook Choi
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, 892 Dongnam-ro, Gangdong-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yang Gyun Kim
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, 892 Dongnam-ro, Gangdong-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Min-Young Song
- Department of Physiology, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ju-Young Moon
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, 892 Dongnam-ro, Gangdong-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyung-Hwan Jeong
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, 892 Dongnam-ro, Gangdong-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae-Won Lee
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, 892 Dongnam-ro, Gangdong-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chun-Gyoo Ihm
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, 892 Dongnam-ro, Gangdong-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kang-Sik Park
- Department of Physiology, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang-Ho Lee
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, 892 Dongnam-ro, Gangdong-gu, Seoul, Korea
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25
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Carleo A, Chorostowska-Wynimko J, Koeck T, Mischak H, Czajkowska-Malinowska M, Rozy A, Welte T, Janciauskiene S. Does urinary peptide content differ between COPD patients with and without inherited alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency? Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2017; 12:829-837. [PMID: 28331304 PMCID: PMC5352160 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s125240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Differentiating between chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients with normal (PiMM) or deficient (PiZZ) genetic variants of alpha-1 antitrypsin (A1AT) is important not only for understanding the pathobiology of disease progression but also for improving personalized therapies. This pilot study aimed to investigate whether urinary peptides reflect the A1AT-related phenotypes of COPD. Urine samples from 19 clinically stable COPD cases (7 PiMM and 12 PiZZ A1AT) were analyzed by capillary electrophoresis coupled to mass spectrometry. We identified 66 peptides (corresponding to 36 unique proteins) that differed between PiZZ and PiMM COPD. Among these, peptides from the collagen family were the most abundant and divergent. A logistic regression model based on COL1A1 or COL5A3 peptides enabled differentiation between PiMM and PiZZ groups, with a sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 85.71% for COL1A1 and a sensitivity of 91.67% and specificity of 85.71% for COL5A3. Furthermore, patients with PiZZ presented low levels of urinary peptides involved in lipoproteins/lipids and retinoic acid metabolism, such as apolipoprotein A-I and C4, retinol-binding protein 4 and prostaglandin-H2 D-isomerase. However, peptides of MDS1 and EVII complex locus, gelsolin and hemoglobin alpha were found in the urine of COPD cases with PiZZ, but not with PiMM. These capillary electrophoresis coupled to mass spectrometry-based results provide the first evidence that urinary peptide content differs between PiMM and PiZZ patients with COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso Carleo
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hannover Medical School; Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), DZL Hannover, Germany
| | - Joanna Chorostowska-Wynimko
- Department of Genetics and Clinical Immunology, National Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Thomas Koeck
- Mosaiques Diagnostics and Therapeutics AG, Hannover, Germany
| | - Harald Mischak
- Mosaiques Diagnostics and Therapeutics AG, Hannover, Germany; Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - Adriana Rozy
- Department of Genetics and Clinical Immunology, National Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tobias Welte
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hannover Medical School; Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), DZL Hannover, Germany
| | - Sabina Janciauskiene
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hannover Medical School; Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), DZL Hannover, Germany
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26
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The importance of total kidney volume in evaluating progression of polycystic kidney disease. Nat Rev Nephrol 2016; 12:667-677. [PMID: 27694979 DOI: 10.1038/nrneph.2016.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The rate at which autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) progresses to end-stage renal disease varies widely and is determined by genetic and non-genetic factors. The ability to determine the prognosis of children and young adults with ADPKD is important for the effective life-long management of the disease and to enable the efficacy of emerging therapies to be determined. Total kidney volume (TKV) reflects the sum volume of hundreds of individual cysts with potentially devastating effects on renal function. The sequential measurement of TKV has been advanced as a dynamic biomarker of disease progression, yet doubt remains among nephrologists and regulatory agencies as to its usefulness. Here, we review the mechanisms that lead to an increase in TKV in ADPKD, and examine the evidence supporting the conclusion that TKV provides a metric of disease progression that can be used to assess the efficacy of potential therapeutic regimens in children and adults with ADPKD. Moreover, we propose that TKV can be used to monitor treatment efficacy in patients with normal levels of renal function, before the pathologic processes of ADPKD cause extensive fibrosis and irreversible loss of functioning renal tissue.
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27
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Nieto JA, Yamin MA, Goldberg ID, Narayan P. An Empirical Biomarker-Based Calculator for Cystic Index in a Model of Autosomal Recessive Polycystic Kidney Disease-The Nieto-Narayan Formula. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0163063. [PMID: 27695033 PMCID: PMC5047475 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0163063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease (ARPKD) is associated with progressive enlargement of the kidneys fuelled by the formation and expansion of fluid-filled cysts. The disease is congenital and children that do not succumb to it during the neonatal period will, by age 10 years, more often than not, require nephrectomy+renal replacement therapy for management of both pain and renal insufficiency. Since increasing cystic index (CI; percent of kidney occupied by cysts) drives both renal expansion and organ dysfunction, management of these patients, including decisions such as elective nephrectomy and prioritization on the transplant waitlist, could clearly benefit from serial determination of CI. So also, clinical trials in ARPKD evaluating the efficacy of novel drug candidates could benefit from serial determination of CI. Although ultrasound is currently the imaging modality of choice for diagnosis of ARPKD, its utilization for assessing disease progression is highly limited. Magnetic resonance imaging or computed tomography, although more reliable for determination of CI, are expensive, time-consuming and somewhat impractical in the pediatric population. Using a well-established mammalian model of ARPKD, we undertook a big data-like analysis of minimally- or non-invasive blood and urine biomarkers of renal injury/dysfunction to derive a family of equations for estimating CI. We then applied a signal averaging protocol to distill these equations to a single empirical formula for calculation of CI. Such a formula will eventually find use in identifying and monitoring patients at high risk for progressing to end-stage renal disease and aid in the conduct of clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jake A. Nieto
- Department of Preclinical Research, Angion Biomedica Corp., Uniondale, New York, United States of America
| | - Michael A. Yamin
- Department of Preclinical Research, Angion Biomedica Corp., Uniondale, New York, United States of America
| | - Itzhak D. Goldberg
- Department of Preclinical Research, Angion Biomedica Corp., Uniondale, New York, United States of America
| | - Prakash Narayan
- Department of Preclinical Research, Angion Biomedica Corp., Uniondale, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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28
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Gentile G, Remuzzi G. Novel Biomarkers for Renal Diseases? None for the Moment (but One). SLAS DISCOVERY 2016; 21:655-670. [DOI: 10.1177/1087057116629916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
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29
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Saigusa T, Bell PD. Molecular pathways and therapies in autosomal-dominant polycystic kidney disease. Physiology (Bethesda) 2016; 30:195-207. [PMID: 25933820 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00032.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Autosomal-dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is the most prevalent inherited renal disease, characterized by multiple cysts that can eventually lead to kidney failure. Studies investigating the role of primary cilia and polycystins have significantly advanced our understanding of the pathogenesis of PKD. This review will present clinical and basic aspects of ADPKD, review current concepts of PKD pathogenesis, evaluate potential therapeutic targets, and highlight challenges for future clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takamitsu Saigusa
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina; and Ralph Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - P Darwin Bell
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina; and Ralph Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, South Carolina
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30
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is the most common hereditary kidney disease. This article will describe the factors associated with both functional and structural evidence of disease progression. It will also review the results of recent clinical trials that have shown an impact on markers of disease progression. RECENT FINDINGS A variety of prognostic factors have been described that relate to a decline in glomerular filtration rate or an increase in total cyst or kidney volumes. We now have clinical trials that show that glomerular filtration rate decline and kidney volume growth can be slowed in those with ADPKD. SUMMARY With the emergence of potential disease-modifying therapies, factors that can accurately identify those who are most at risk for renal progression or ADPKD-related complications need to be identified and validated.
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31
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Klein J, Bascands JL, Mischak H, Schanstra JP. The role of urinary peptidomics in kidney disease research. Kidney Int 2016; 89:539-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2015.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Revised: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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32
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Hartung EA. Biomarkers and surrogate endpoints in kidney disease. Pediatr Nephrol 2016; 31:381-91. [PMID: 25980469 PMCID: PMC4646734 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-015-3104-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Revised: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Kidney disease and its related comorbidities impose a large public health burden. Despite this, the number of clinical trials in nephrology lags behind many other fields. An important factor contributing to the relatively slow pace of nephrology trials is that existing clinical endpoints have significant limitations. "Hard" endpoints for chronic kidney disease, such as progression to end-stage renal disease, may not be reached for decades. Traditional biomarkers, such as serum creatinine in acute kidney injury, may lack sensitivity and predictive value. Finding new biomarkers to serve as surrogate endpoints is therefore an important priority in kidney disease research and may help to accelerate nephrology clinical trials. In this paper, I first review key concepts related to the selection of clinical trial endpoints and discuss statistical and regulatory considerations related to the evaluation of biomarkers as surrogate endpoints. This is followed by a discussion of the challenges and opportunities in developing novel biomarkers and surrogate endpoints in three major areas of nephrology research: acute kidney injury, chronic kidney disease, and autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erum A Hartung
- Division of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 34th and Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, 415 Curie Blvd, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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33
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Raimondo F, Cerra D, Magni F, Pitto M. Urinary proteomics for the study of genetic kidney diseases. Expert Rev Proteomics 2016; 13:309-24. [DOI: 10.1586/14789450.2016.1136218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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34
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Kim H, Hwang YH. Clinical Trials and a View Toward the Future of ADPKD. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 933:105-121. [PMID: 27730438 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-2041-4_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In light of the advances in the understanding of cystogenesis in clinical syndromes, potential therapeutic targets have been proposed. Among ciliopathies, autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is the most common hereditary disease, and is characterized by the progressive enlargement of bilateral renal cysts, resulting in end-stage kidney failure. Progress in genetics and molecular pathobiology has enabled the development of therapeutic agents that can modulate aberrant molecular pathways. Recently, clinical trials using somatostatin analogs and vasopressin receptor antagonists were conducted, and resulted in the approval of tolvaptan in managing kidney disease in some countries. We will summarize the developments of therapeutic agents based on pathogenesis, and discuss recent findings in clinical trials. Moreover, issues such as the timing of the intervention and outcome assessment will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunsuk Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, 101, Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, South Korea.
| | - Young-Hwan Hwang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Eulji General Hospital, 14, Hangeulbiseok-gil, Nowon-gu, Seoul, 01830, South Korea
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35
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Park HC, Ahn C. Diagnostic Evaluation as a Biomarker in Patients with ADPKD. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 933:85-103. [PMID: 27730437 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-2041-4_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Recently, newer treatments have been introduced for autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) patients. Since cysts grow and renal function declines over a long period of time, the evaluation of treatment effects in ADPKD has been very difficult. Therefore, there has been a great interest to find out the "better" surrogate marker or biomarker which reflects disease progression. Biomarkers in ADPKD should have three clinical implications: (1) They should reflect disease severity, (2) they should distinguish patients with poor versus good prognosis to select those who will benefit better from the treatment, and (3) they should be easy to evaluate short-term outcome after treatment, which will demonstrate hard outcome. Herein, we will discuss currently available surrogate biomarkers including the volume of total kidney and urinary molecular markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayne Cho Park
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Armed Forces Capital Hospital, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea.
| | - Curie Ahn
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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Woo YM, Shin Y, Hwang JA, Hwang YH, Lee S, Park EY, Kong HK, Park HC, Lee YS, Park JH. Epigenetic silencing of the MUPCDH gene as a possible prognostic biomarker for cyst growth in ADPKD. Sci Rep 2015; 5:15238. [PMID: 26463459 PMCID: PMC4604459 DOI: 10.1038/srep15238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Although autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is a common genetic disease, and is characterized by the formation of multiple fluid-filled cysts, which results in renal failure, early diagnosis and treatment of ADPKD have yet to be defined. Herein, we observed that the promoter region of the gene encoding mucin-like protocadherin (MUPCDH) was hypermethylated in the renal tissue of patients with ADPKD compared to non-ADPKD controls. Inversely, MUPCDH was significantly repressed in ADPKD, especially in cyst-lining cells. Our results indicate that aberrant methylation of MUPCDH promoter CpG islands may be negatively correlated with reduced expression level of MUPCDH and that this contributes to abnormal cell proliferation in ADPKD. It suggests that methylation status of MUPCDH promoter can be used as a novel epigenetic biomarker and a therapeutic target in ADPKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Mi Woo
- Department of Biological Science, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, 140-742, Korea
| | - Yubin Shin
- Department of Biological Science, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, 140-742, Korea
| | - Jung-Ah Hwang
- Branch of Cancer Genomics, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Young-Hwan Hwang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Eulji General Hospital, Seoul, 139-892, Korea
| | - Sunyoung Lee
- Department of Biological Science, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, 140-742, Korea
| | - Eun Young Park
- Department of Biological Science, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, 140-742, Korea
| | - Hyun Kyung Kong
- Department of Biological Science, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, 140-742, Korea
| | - Hayne Cho Park
- Division of Nephrology, Armed Forces Capital Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Yeon-Su Lee
- Branch of Cancer Genomics, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Jong Hoon Park
- Department of Biological Science, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, 140-742, Korea
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37
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Woon C, Bielinski-Bradbury A, O'Reilly K, Robinson P. A systematic review of the predictors of disease progression in patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. BMC Nephrol 2015; 16:140. [PMID: 26275819 PMCID: PMC4536696 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-015-0114-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is a genetic disorder characterised by progressive renal cyst formation leading to renal failure in the majority of patients. The likelihood and rate of ADPKD progression is difficult to predict and there is a clear need to identify prognostic indicators that could be used to anticipate ADPKD progression, to aid the management of patients in clinical practice. METHODS A systematic literature review was conducted to identify publications detailing the natural history of ADPKD, including diagnosis, prognosis and progression. Publications were identified and filtered, and data were extracted, based on a predefined research protocol. RESULTS The review identified 2799 journal articles and 444 conference abstracts; 254 articles, including observational studies, clinical trials and reviews, proceeded to data extraction. Disease progression was associated with a variety of prognostic indicators, most commonly age and total kidney volume (TKV). In the identified clinical trials, the absence of a consistent measure of disease progression led to variation in the primary endpoints used. Consequently, there was difficulty in consistently and effectively demonstrating and comparing the efficacy of investigational treatments across studies. More consistency was found in the observational studies, where disease progression was most frequently measured by TKV and glomerular filtration rate. CONCLUSIONS This systematic review identified age and TKV as the most commonly cited prognostic indicators in the published ADPKD literature. It is envisaged that this review may inform future research, trial design and predictive models of ADPKD natural history, helping to optimise patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Woon
- Double Helix Consulting, Complete House, Macclesfield, Cheshire, UK.
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38
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Øvrehus MA, Zürbig P, Vikse BE, Hallan SI. Urinary proteomics in chronic kidney disease: diagnosis and risk of progression beyond albuminuria. Clin Proteomics 2015; 12:21. [PMID: 26257595 PMCID: PMC4528848 DOI: 10.1186/s12014-015-9092-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 07/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The contrast between a high prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and the low incidence of end-stage renal disease highlights the need for new biomarkers of progression beyond albuminuria testing. Urinary proteomics is a promising method, but more studies focusing on progression rate and patients with hypertensive nephropathy are needed. RESULTS We analyzed urine samples with capillary electrophoresis coupled to a mass-spectrometer from 18 well characterized patients with CKD stage 4-5 (of whom six with hypertensive nephropathy) and 17 healthy controls. Classification scores based on a previously developed panel of 273 urinary peptides were calculated and compared to urine albumin dipstick results. Urinary proteomics classified CKD with a sensitivity of 0.95 and specificity of 1.00. Overall diagnostic accuracy (area under ROC curve) was 0.98, which was better than for albuminuria (0.85, p = 0.02). Results for hypertensive nephropathy were similar to other CKD diagnoses. Adding the proteomic score to an albuminuria model improved detection of rapid kidney function decline (>4 ml/min/1.73 m(2) per year) substantially: area under ROC curve increased from 0.762 to 0.909 (p = 0.042), and 38% of rapid progressors were correctly reclassified to a higher risk and 55% of slow progressors were correctly reclassified to a lower risk category. Reduced excretion of collagen types I-III, uromodulin, and other indicators of interstitial inflammation, fibrosis and tubular dysfunction were associated with CKD diagnosis and rapid progression. Patients with hypertensive nephropathy displayed the same findings as other types of CKD. CONCLUSIONS Urinary proteomic analyses had a high diagnostic accuracy for CKD, including hypertensive nephropathy, and strongly improved identification of patients with rapid kidney function decline beyond albuminuria testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marius A Øvrehus
- />Department of Nephrology, St Olav University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
- />Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | | | - Bjørn E Vikse
- />Renal Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- />Department of Medicine, Haugesund Hospital, Haugesund, Norway
| | - Stein I Hallan
- />Department of Nephrology, St Olav University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
- />Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- />Center of Renal Translational Medicine, University of California San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, USA
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39
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Hogan MC, Bakeberg JL, Gainullin VG, Irazabal MV, Harmon AJ, Lieske JC, Charlesworth MC, Johnson KL, Madden BJ, Zenka RM, McCormick DJ, Sundsbak JL, Heyer CM, Torres VE, Harris PC, Ward CJ. Identification of Biomarkers for PKD1 Using Urinary Exosomes. J Am Soc Nephrol 2015; 26:1661-70. [PMID: 25475747 PMCID: PMC4483583 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2014040354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2014] [Accepted: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is a common cause of ESRD. Affected individuals inherit a defective copy of either PKD1 or PKD2, which encode polycystin-1 (PC1) or polycystin-2 (PC2), respectively. PC1 and PC2 are secreted on urinary exosome-like vesicles (ELVs) (100-nm diameter vesicles), in which PC1 is present in a cleaved form and may be complexed with PC2. Here, label-free quantitative proteomic studies of urine ELVs in an initial discovery cohort (13 individuals with PKD1 mutations and 18 normal controls) revealed that of 2008 ELV proteins, 9 (0.32%) were expressed at significantly different levels in samples from individuals with PKD1 mutations compared to controls (P<0.03). In samples from individuals with PKD1 mutations, levels of PC1 and PC2 were reduced to 54% (P<0.02) and 53% (P<0.001), respectively. Transmembrane protein 2 (TMEM2), a protein with homology to fibrocystin, was 2.1-fold higher in individuals with PKD1 mutations (P<0.03). The PC1/TMEM2 ratio correlated inversely with height-adjusted total kidney volume in the discovery cohort, and the ratio of PC1/TMEM2 or PC2/TMEM2 could be used to distinguish individuals with PKD1 mutations from controls in a confirmation cohort. In summary, results of this study suggest that a test measuring the urine exosomal PC1/TMEM2 or PC2/TMEM2 ratio may have utility in diagnosis and monitoring of polycystic kidney disease. Future studies will focus on increasing sample size and confirming these studies. The data were deposited in the ProteomeXchange (identifier PXD001075).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jason L Bakeberg
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, The Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | | | | | | | - John C Lieske
- Renal Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, and
| | | | - Kenneth L Johnson
- Medical Genome Facility-Proteomics Core, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; and
| | - Benjamin J Madden
- Medical Genome Facility-Proteomics Core, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; and
| | - Roman M Zenka
- Medical Genome Facility-Proteomics Core, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; and
| | - Daniel J McCormick
- Medical Genome Facility-Proteomics Core, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; and
| | | | | | | | | | - Christopher J Ward
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, The Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
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40
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Lozano-Ramos I, Bancu I, Oliveira-Tercero A, Armengol MP, Menezes-Neto A, Del Portillo HA, Lauzurica-Valdemoros R, Borràs FE. Size-exclusion chromatography-based enrichment of extracellular vesicles from urine samples. J Extracell Vesicles 2015; 4:27369. [PMID: 26025625 PMCID: PMC4449362 DOI: 10.3402/jev.v4.27369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2015] [Revised: 03/20/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Renal biopsy is the gold-standard procedure to diagnose most of renal pathologies. However, this invasive method is of limited repeatability and often describes an irreversible renal damage. Urine is an easily accessible fluid and urinary extracellular vesicles (EVs) may be ideal to describe new biomarkers associated with renal pathologies. Several methods to enrich EVs have been described. Most of them contain a mixture of proteins, lipoproteins and cell debris that may be masking relevant biomarkers. Here, we evaluated size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) as a suitable method to isolate urinary EVs. Following a conventional centrifugation to eliminate cell debris and apoptotic bodies, urine samples were concentrated using ultrafiltration and loaded on a SEC column. Collected fractions were analysed by protein content and flow cytometry to determine the presence of tetraspanin markers (CD63 and CD9). The highest tetraspanin content was routinely detected in fractions well before the bulk of proteins eluted. These tetraspanin-peak fractions were analysed by cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) and nanoparticle tracking analysis revealing the presence of EVs. When analysed by sodium dodecyl sulphate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, tetraspanin-peak fractions from urine concentrated samples contained multiple bands but the main urine proteins (such as Tamm–Horsfall protein) were absent. Furthermore, a preliminary proteomic study of these fractions revealed the presence of EV-related proteins, suggesting their enrichment in concentrated samples. In addition, RNA profiling also showed the presence of vesicular small RNA species. To summarize, our results demonstrated that concentrated urine followed by SEC is a suitable option to isolate EVs with low presence of soluble contaminants. This methodology could permit more accurate analyses of EV-related biomarkers when further characterized by -omics technologies compared with other approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inés Lozano-Ramos
- IVECAT-Group, Institut d'Investigació Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Badalona, Spain.,Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona - Campus Can Ruti, Badalona, Spain
| | - Ioana Bancu
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona - Campus Can Ruti, Badalona, Spain.,Nephrology Service, Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital, Badalona, Spain
| | - Anna Oliveira-Tercero
- IVECAT-Group, Institut d'Investigació Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Badalona, Spain.,Genomic Platform, Institut d'Investigació Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Badalona, Spain
| | - María Pilar Armengol
- Genomic Platform, Institut d'Investigació Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Badalona, Spain
| | - Armando Menezes-Neto
- ISGlobal, Barcelona Centre for International Health Research (CRESIB), Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Hernando A Del Portillo
- ISGlobal, Barcelona Centre for International Health Research (CRESIB), Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Francesc E Borràs
- IVECAT-Group, Institut d'Investigació Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Badalona, Spain.,Nephrology Service, Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital, Badalona, Spain;
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41
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Mu X, Su M, Gui L, Liang X, Zhang P, Hu P, Liu Z, Zhang J. Comparative renal gene expression in response to abrupt hypoosmotic shock in spotted scat (Scatophagus argus). Gen Comp Endocrinol 2015; 215:25-35. [PMID: 25304824 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2014.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2014] [Revised: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 09/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Scatophagus argus, a euryhaline fish, is notable for its ability to tolerate a wide range of environmental salinities and especially for its tolerance to a rapid, marked reduction in salinity. Therefore, S. argus is a good model for studying the molecular mechanisms mediating abrupt hyperosmoregulation. The serum osmotic pressure decreased steeply within one hour after transferring S. argus from seawater (SW) to freshwater (FW) and remained at new balance throughout the duration of one week. To explain this phenomenon and understand the molecular responses to an abrupt hypoosmotic shock, hypoosmotic stress responsive genes were identified by constructing two suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) cDNA libraries from the kidneys of S. argus that had been transferred from SW to FW. After trimming and blasting, 52 ESTs were picked out from the subtractive library. Among them, 11 genes were significantly up-regulated (p < 0.05). The kinetics studies of gene expression levels were conducted for 1 week after the transfer using quantitative real-time PCR. A significant variation in the expression of these genes occurred within 12h after the hypoosmotic shock, except for growth hormone (GH) and polyadenylate binding protein 1 (PBP1), which were significantly up-regulated 2 days post-transfer. Our results suggest different functional roles for these genes in response to hypoosmotic stress during the stress response phase (1 hpt-12 hpt) and stable phase (12 hpt-7 dpt). Furthermore, the plasma growth hormone level was detected to be significantly elevated at 1 hpt and 24 hpt following abrupt hypoosmotic shock. Meanwhile, several hematological parameters, hemoglobin (HGB), red blood cell (RBC) and mean cellular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), were observed to be significantly increased at 12 hpt and 2 dpt compared with that of control group. Our results provide a solid basis from which to conduct future studies on the osmoregulatory mechanisms in the euryhaline fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingjiang Mu
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Maoliang Su
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Lang Gui
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Xuemei Liang
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Peipei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Pan Hu
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Zhenhao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Junbin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China.
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42
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Pejchinovski M, Hrnjez D, Ramirez-Torres A, Bitsika V, Mermelekas G, Vlahou A, Zürbig P, Mischak H, Metzger J, Koeck T. Capillary zone electrophoresis on-line coupled to mass spectrometry: A perspective application for clinical proteomics. Proteomics Clin Appl 2015; 9:453-68. [DOI: 10.1002/prca.201400113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2014] [Revised: 11/21/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Vasiliki Bitsika
- Biotechnology Division; Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens; Athens Greece
| | - George Mermelekas
- Biotechnology Division; Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens; Athens Greece
| | - Antonia Vlahou
- Biotechnology Division; Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens; Athens Greece
- School of Biomedical and Healthcare Sciences; Plymouth University, Plymouth; UK
| | | | - Harald Mischak
- Mosaiques Diagnostics GmbH; Hanover Germany
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences; University of Glasgow; UK
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43
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Piazzon N, Bernet F, Guihard L, Leonhard WN, Urfer S, Firsov D, Chehade H, Vogt B, Piergiovanni S, Peters DJM, Bonny O, Constam DB. Urine Fetuin-A is a biomarker of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease progression. J Transl Med 2015; 13:103. [PMID: 25888842 PMCID: PMC4416261 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-015-0463-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2014] [Accepted: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is a genetic disorder characterized by numerous fluid-filled cysts that frequently result in end-stage renal disease. While promising treatment options are in advanced clinical development, early diagnosis and follow-up remain a major challenge. We therefore evaluated the diagnostic value of Fetuin-A as a new biomarker of ADPKD in human urine. Results We found that renal Fetuin-A levels are upregulated in both Pkd1 and Bicc1 mouse models of ADPKD. Measurement by ELISA revealed that urinary Fetuin-A levels were significantly higher in 66 ADPKD patients (17.5 ± 12.5 μg/mmol creatinine) compared to 17 healthy volunteers (8.5 ± 3.8 μg/mmol creatinine) or 50 control patients with renal diseases of other causes (6.2 ± 2.9 μg/mmol creatinine). Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis of urinary Fetuin-A levels for ADPKD rendered an optimum cut-off value of 12.2 μg/mmol creatinine, corresponding to 94% of sensitivity and 60% of specificity (area under the curve 0.74 ; p = 0.0019). Furthermore, urinary Fetuin-A levels in ADPKD patients correlated with the degree of renal insufficiency and showed a significant increase in patients with preserved renal function followed for two years. Conclusions Our findings establish urinary Fetuin-A as a sensitive biomarker of the progression of ADPKD. Further studies are required to examine the pathogenic mechanisms of elevated renal and urinary Fetuin-A in ADPKD. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12967-015-0463-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Piazzon
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Bâtiment SV ISREC, Station 19, Lausanne, Switzerland. .,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Lausanne (UNIL), Quartier UNIL-CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Florian Bernet
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Bâtiment SV ISREC, Station 19, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Linda Guihard
- Service of Nephrology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Wouter N Leonhard
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden Univ. Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Séverine Urfer
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Bâtiment SV ISREC, Station 19, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Dmitri Firsov
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Lausanne (UNIL), Quartier UNIL-CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Hassib Chehade
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Bruno Vogt
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Sophia Piergiovanni
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Lausanne (UNIL), Quartier UNIL-CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Dorien J M Peters
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden Univ. Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Olivier Bonny
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Lausanne (UNIL), Quartier UNIL-CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland. .,Service of Nephrology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Daniel B Constam
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Bâtiment SV ISREC, Station 19, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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44
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Hall AM, Vilasi A, Garcia-Perez I, Lapsley M, Alston CL, Pitceathly RDS, McFarland R, Schaefer AM, Turnbull DM, Beaumont NJ, Hsuan JJ, Cutillas PR, Lindon JC, Holmes E, Unwin RJ, Taylor RW, Gorman GS, Rahman S, Hanna MG. The urinary proteome and metabonome differ from normal in adults with mitochondrial disease. Kidney Int 2015; 87:610-22. [PMID: 25207879 DOI: 10.1038/ki.2014.297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2014] [Revised: 06/27/2014] [Accepted: 07/10/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
We studied the extent and nature of renal involvement in a cohort of 117 adult patients with mitochondrial disease, by measuring urinary retinol-binding protein (RBP) and albumin; established markers of tubular and glomerular dysfunction, respectively. Seventy-five patients had the m.3243A>G mutation and the most frequent phenotypes within the entire cohort were 14 with MELAS, 33 with MIDD, and 17 with MERRF. Urinary RBP was increased in 29 of 75 of m.3243A>G patients, whereas albumin was increased in 23 of the 75. The corresponding numbers were 16 and 14, respectively, in the 42 non-m.3243A>G patients. RBP and albumin were higher in diabetic m.3243A>G patients than in nondiabetics, but there were no significant differences across the three major clinical phenotypes. The urine proteome (mass spectrometry) and metabonome (nuclear magnetic resonance) in a subset of the m.3243A>G patients were markedly different from controls, with the most significant alterations occurring in lysosomal proteins, calcium-binding proteins, and antioxidant defenses. Differences were also found between asymptomatic m.3243A>G carriers and controls. No patients had an elevated serum creatinine level, but 14% had hyponatremia, 10% had hypophosphatemia, and 14% had hypomagnesemia. Thus, abnormalities in kidney function are common in adults with mitochondrial disease, exist in the absence of elevated serum creatinine, and are not solely explained by diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M Hall
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Annalisa Vilasi
- Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Institute of Protein Biochemistry-CNR, Naples, Italy
| | - Isabel Garcia-Perez
- Computational and Systems Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Marta Lapsley
- South West Thames Institute for Renal Research, St Helier University Hospitals, Surrey, UK
| | - Charlotte L Alston
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Robert D S Pitceathly
- Medical Research Council Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Robert McFarland
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Andrew M Schaefer
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Doug M Turnbull
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Nick J Beaumont
- Division of Medicine, Institute for Liver & Digestive Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Justin J Hsuan
- Division of Medicine, Institute for Liver & Digestive Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Pedro R Cutillas
- Centre for Haemato-Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary, University of London, London, UK
| | - John C Lindon
- Computational and Systems Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Elaine Holmes
- Computational and Systems Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Robert J Unwin
- UCL Centre for Nephrology, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK
| | - Robert W Taylor
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Grainne S Gorman
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | | | - Michael G Hanna
- Medical Research Council Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London Institute of Neurology, London, UK
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45
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Nakajima A, Lu Y, Kawano H, Horie S, Muto S. Association of arginine vasopressin surrogate marker urinary copeptin with severity of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). Clin Exp Nephrol 2015; 19:1199-205. [PMID: 25715868 DOI: 10.1007/s10157-015-1101-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Experimental studies suggest a detrimental role for cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and vasopressin in the pathogenesis of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). It is unknown, however, whether urinary cAMP and copeptin concentration are associated with disease severity in patients with ADPKD. METHODS Urinary cAMP (u-cAMP) and copeptin concentration (u-copeptin) were measured by immunoassay in ADPKD patients with CKD stage ≤4. We compared our measurements with clinical parameters including estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), total kidney volume (TKV), and height-adjusted TKV (htTKV). Logarithmic transformation of all variables was performed to fulfill the requirement of equal distribution of the residuals. RESULTS We included 50 patients in this study (24 females and 26 males; mean age: 49.3 years). The median eGFR and TKV were 53.2 ml/min/1.73 m(2) (interquartile range: IQR; 29.4-68.45) and 1138.1 ml (IQR; 814.7-2065.0), respectively. The median u-copeptin level was 12.19 (IQR; 6.91-22.32) ng/ml. Although u-cAMP/u-Cr was not significantly correlated with TKV (R = -0.006, p = 0.967) and eGFR (R = 0.077, p = 0.602), urinary copeptin/u-Cr was statistically associated with the various markers of disease severity in ADPKD [positively with TKV (R = 0.351, p = 0.014), htTKV (R = 0.383, p = 0.008) and negatively with eGFR (R = -0.304, p = 0.036)]. CONCLUSIONS In ADPKD subjects, a higher u-copeptin is associated with disease progression, suggesting that u-copeptin may be a new surrogate marker to predict renal prognosis in ADPKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Nakajima
- Department of Urology, Teikyo University School of Medicine, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi-Ku, Tokyo, 173-8605, Japan
| | - Yan Lu
- Department of Urology, Teikyo University School of Medicine, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi-Ku, Tokyo, 173-8605, Japan
| | - Haruna Kawano
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigeo Horie
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoru Muto
- Department of Urology, Teikyo University School of Medicine, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi-Ku, Tokyo, 173-8605, Japan.
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46
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Menezes LF, Germino GG. Systems biology of polycystic kidney disease: a critical review. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-SYSTEMS BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2015; 7:39-52. [PMID: 25641951 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2014] [Revised: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The proliferation and diminishing costs of 'omics' approaches have finally opened the doors for small and medium laboratories to enter the 'systems biology era'. This is a welcome evolution that requires a new framework to design, interpret, and validate studies. Here, we highlight some of the challenges, contributions, and prospects of the 'cyst-ems biology' of polycystic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Fernando Menezes
- Kidney Disease Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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47
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Stalmach A, Husi H, Mosbahi K, Albalat A, Mullen W, Mischak H. Methods in capillary electrophoresis coupled to mass spectrometry for the identification of clinical proteomic/peptidomic biomarkers in biofluids. Methods Mol Biol 2015; 1243:187-205. [PMID: 25384747 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-1872-0_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Proteomic biomarkers hold the promise of enabling assessment of patients according to a pathological condition aiming at improvements in diagnosis, prognosis, in general clinical patient management. Capillary electrophoresis coupled to an electrospray ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometer (CE-MS) allows the detection of thousands of small proteins and peptides in various biofluids, in a single, reproducible and time-limited step, enabling the simultaneous comparison of multiple individual proteins and peptides in biomarker discovery, but also in clinical applications. The reliability of the CE-MS platform, together with the use of a validated approach for data processing and mining is, to date, the most advanced technique for biomarker discovery of clinical significance. In this chapter, we report on the materials, methods and protocols used for CE-MS-based clinical proteomics allowing the reproducible profiling of biofluids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelique Stalmach
- BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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Abstract
The effectiveness of treatment of renal diseases is limited because the lack of diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic markers. Despite the more than a decade of intensive investigation of urinary biomarkers, no new clinical biomarkers were approved. This is in part because the early expectations toward proteomics in biomarkers discovery were significantly higher than the capability of technology at the time. However, during the last decade, proteomic technology has made dramatic progress in both the hardware and software methods. In this review we are discussing modern quantitative methods of mass-spectrometry and providing several examples of their applications for discovery and validation of renal disease biomarkers. We are optimistic about future prospects for the development of novel of specific clinical urinary biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Jerebtsova
- Department of Microbiology, Howard University College of Medicine, 520 W Street N.W., Washington, DC 20059, USA
| | - Sergei Nekhai
- Department of Medicine, Howard University College of Medicine, 520 W Street N.W., Washington, DC 20059, USA ; Center for Sickle Cell Disease, Howard University College of Medicine, 520 W Street N.W., Washington, DC 20059, USA
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49
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van Swelm RPL, Kramers C, Masereeuw R, Russel FGM. Application of urine proteomics for biomarker discovery in drug-induced liver injury. Crit Rev Toxicol 2014; 44:823-41. [DOI: 10.3109/10408444.2014.931341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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50
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Gu YM, Thijs L, Liu YP, Zhang Z, Jacobs L, Koeck T, Zürbig P, Lichtinghagen R, Brand K, Kuznetsova T, Olivi L, Verhamme P, Delles C, Mischak H, Staessen JA. The urinary proteome as correlate and predictor of renal function in a population study. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2014; 29:2260-8. [DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfu234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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