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Fazakerley DJ, van Gerwen J, Cooke KC, Duan X, Needham EJ, Díaz-Vegas A, Madsen S, Norris DM, Shun-Shion AS, Krycer JR, Burchfield JG, Yang P, Wade MR, Brozinick JT, James DE, Humphrey SJ. Phosphoproteomics reveals rewiring of the insulin signaling network and multi-nodal defects in insulin resistance. Nat Commun 2023; 14:923. [PMID: 36808134 PMCID: PMC9938909 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36549-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The failure of metabolic tissues to appropriately respond to insulin ("insulin resistance") is an early marker in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes. Protein phosphorylation is central to the adipocyte insulin response, but how adipocyte signaling networks are dysregulated upon insulin resistance is unknown. Here we employ phosphoproteomics to delineate insulin signal transduction in adipocyte cells and adipose tissue. Across a range of insults causing insulin resistance, we observe a marked rewiring of the insulin signaling network. This includes both attenuated insulin-responsive phosphorylation, and the emergence of phosphorylation uniquely insulin-regulated in insulin resistance. Identifying dysregulated phosphosites common to multiple insults reveals subnetworks containing non-canonical regulators of insulin action, such as MARK2/3, and causal drivers of insulin resistance. The presence of several bona fide GSK3 substrates among these phosphosites led us to establish a pipeline for identifying context-specific kinase substrates, revealing widespread dysregulation of GSK3 signaling. Pharmacological inhibition of GSK3 partially reverses insulin resistance in cells and tissue explants. These data highlight that insulin resistance is a multi-nodal signaling defect that includes dysregulated MARK2/3 and GSK3 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Fazakerley
- Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK.
| | - Julian van Gerwen
- Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Kristen C Cooke
- Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Xiaowen Duan
- Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Elise J Needham
- Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Alexis Díaz-Vegas
- Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Søren Madsen
- Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Dougall M Norris
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Amber S Shun-Shion
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - James R Krycer
- Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QL, Australia
- Faculty of Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QL, Australia
| | - James G Burchfield
- Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Pengyi Yang
- Charles Perkins Centre, School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
- Computational Systems Biology Group, Children's Medical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, 2145, Australia
| | - Mark R Wade
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Division of Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Joseph T Brozinick
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Division of Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - David E James
- Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, 2006, Australia.
| | - Sean J Humphrey
- Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, 3052, Australia.
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2
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Hong X, Zhou Y, Zhu Z, Li Y, Li Z, Zhang Y, Hu X, Zhu F, Wang Y, Fang M, Huang Y, Shen T. Environmental endocrine disruptor Bisphenol A induces metabolic derailment and obesity via upregulating IL-17A in adipocytes. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2023; 172:107759. [PMID: 36696794 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.107759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bisphenol A (BPA), a ubiquitous environmental endocrine disruptor, has been extensively demonstrated to be associated with metabolic disorders, including obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. However, the underlying mechanism underpinning the environmental etiology of chronic metabolic disorders has not been sufficiently elucidated. OBJECTIVES This study is designed to explore the toxicological pathogenesis of chronic inflammation in BPA exposure during obesity. METHODS We investigated the role of IL-17A in the association of BPA exposure and obesity from human cross-sectional study to animal models, including genetically modified IL-17A-/- mice. RESULTS Here, our work started from case-control observation that BPA exposure was significantly associated with risk of obesity (odds ratio = 4.72, 95%CI: 3.18 - 11.18, P < 0.01), metabolic disorder and levels of interleukin-17A (IL-17A) in human adipose (estimated changes β = 0.46, 95%CI: 0.15 - 1.01, P < 0.01) with bariatric surgery. Animal model fed with high-fat diet (HFD) confirmed that BPA exposure aggravated body weight gain and insulin resistance, concurrent with much heightened inflammatory responses in the adipose tissue including increase in IL-17A and macrophage polarization towards M1 stage. Genetically modified IL-17A ablated mice (IL-17A-/-) showed reversed adipose tissue inflammation response, improved macrophage polarization homeostasis, along with insulin sensitivity in both HFD group alone or much more significantly the HFD + BPA group. Moreover, mediation analysis in human epidemiological investigation demonstrated that plasma IL-17A attributed up to 30.01% mediating role in the associations between BPA exposure and obesity risk. DISCUSSION This research paradigm from human to animal provides strong evidence for the elucidation of IL-17A moderating inflammation and insulin resistance in obesity. Such findings reiterate the obesogenic role of environmental endocrine disruptor BPA in metabolic disorders and unveils the potential toxicological mechanisms underpinning such effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Hong
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, Anhui, PR China
| | - Yi Zhou
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, Anhui, PR China
| | - Zhiyuan Zhu
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, Anhui, PR China
| | - Yuting Li
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, Anhui, PR China
| | - Zuo Li
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, Anhui, PR China
| | - Yuheng Zhang
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, Anhui, PR China
| | - Xinxin Hu
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, Anhui, PR China
| | - Fuhai Zhu
- Health Management Center, Second Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, Anhui, PR China
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, Anhui, PR China
| | - Mingliang Fang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yichao Huang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, Anhui, PR China.
| | - Tong Shen
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, Anhui, PR China.
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3
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Strieder-Barboza, Flesher CG, Geletka LM, Eichler T, Akinleye O, Ky A, Ehlers AP, Lumeng CN, O’Rourke RW. Lumican modulates adipocyte function in obesity-associated type 2 diabetes. Adipocyte 2022; 11:665-675. [PMID: 36457256 PMCID: PMC9728465 DOI: 10.1080/21623945.2022.2154112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity-associated type 2 diabetes (DM) leads to adipose tissue dysfunction. Lumican is a proteoglycan implicated in obesity, insulin resistance (IR), and adipocyte dysfunction. Using human visceral adipose tissue (VAT) from subjects with and without DM, we studied lumican effects on adipocyte function. Lumican was increased in VAT and adipocytes in DM. Lumican knockdown in adipocytes decreased lipolysis and improved adipogenesis and insulin sensitivity in VAT adipocytes in DM, while treatment with human recombinant lumican increased lipolysis and impaired insulin-sensitivity in an ERK-dependent manner. We demonstrate that lumican impairs adipocyte metabolism, partially via ERK signalling, and is a potential target for developing adipose tissue-targeted therapeutics in DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Strieder-Barboza
- Department of Surgery , University of Michigan Medical School, MI, USA
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock , TX, USA
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Texas Tech University, Amarillo, TX, USA
| | - Carmen G. Flesher
- Department of Surgery , University of Michigan Medical School, MI, USA
| | - Lynn M. Geletka
- Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Tad Eichler
- Department of Surgery , University of Michigan Medical School, MI, USA
| | - Olukemi Akinleye
- Department of Surgery , University of Michigan Medical School, MI, USA
| | - Alexander Ky
- Department of Surgery , University of Michigan Medical School, MI, USA
| | - Anne P. Ehlers
- Department of Surgery , University of Michigan Medical School, MI, USA
- Department of Surgery, Veterans Affairs Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Carey N. Lumeng
- Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI ,USA
- Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Robert W. O’Rourke
- Department of Surgery , University of Michigan Medical School, MI, USA
- Department of Surgery, Veterans Affairs Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Chen CC, Lii CK, Lo CW, Lin YH, Yang YC, Huang CS, Chen HW. 14-Deoxy-11,12-Didehydroandrographolide Ameliorates Glucose Intolerance Enhancing the LKB1/AMPK[Formula: see text]/TBC1D1/GLUT4 Signaling Pathway and Inducing GLUT4 Expression in Myotubes and Skeletal Muscle of Obese Mice. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2021; 49:1473-1491. [PMID: 34240660 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x21500695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
14-Deoxy-11,12-didehydroandrographolide (deAND), a bioactive component of Andrographis paniculata, has antidiabetic activity. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) regulates glucose transport and ameliorates insulin resistance. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether activation of AMPK is involved in the mechanism by which deAND ameliorates insulin resistance in muscles. deAND amounts up to 40 [Formula: see text]M dose-dependently activated phosphorylation of AMPK[Formula: see text] and TBC1D1 in C2C12 myotubes. In addition, deAND significantly activated phosphorylation of LKB1 at 6 h after treatment, and this activation was maintained up to 48 h. deAND increased glucose uptake at 18 h after treatment, and this increase was time dependent up to 72 h. Compound C, an inhibitor of AMPK, suppressed deAND-induced phosphorylation of AMPK[Formula: see text] and TBC1D1 and reversed the effect on glucose uptake. In addition, the expression of GLUT4 mRNA and protein in C2C12 myotubes was up-regulated by deAND in a time-dependent manner. Promotion of GLUT4 gene transcription was verified by a pGL3-GLUT4 (837 bp) reporter assay. deAND also increased the nuclear translocation of MEF-2A and PPAR[Formula: see text]. After 16 weeks of feeding, the high-fat diet (HFD) inhibited phosphorylation of AMPK[Formula: see text] and TBC1D1 in skeletal muscle of obese C57BL/6JNarl mice, and deactivation of AMPK[Formula: see text] and TBC1D1 by the HFD was abolished by deAND supplementation. Supplementation with deAND significantly promoted membrane translocation of GLUT4 compared with the HFD group. Supplementation also significantly increased GLUT4 mRNA and protein expression in skeletal muscle compared with the HFD group. The hypoglycemic effects of deAND are likely associated with activation of the LKB1/AMPK[Formula: see text]/TBC1D1/GLUT4 signaling pathway and stimulation of MEF-2A- and PPAR[Formula: see text]-dependent GLUT4 gene expression, which account for the glucose uptake into skeletal muscle and lower blood glucose levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Chieh Chen
- Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chong-Kuei Lii
- Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Food Nutrition and Health Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Wen Lo
- Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsueh Lin
- Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Chen Yang
- Department of Food Nutrition and Health Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Shiu Huang
- Department of Food Nutrition and Health Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Haw-Wen Chen
- Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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5
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Di Munno C, Busiello RA, Calonne J, Salzano AM, Miles-Chan J, Scaloni A, Ceccarelli M, de Lange P, Lombardi A, Senese R, Cioffi F, Visser TJ, Peeters RP, Dulloo AG, Silvestri E. Adaptive Thermogenesis Driving Catch-Up Fat Is Associated With Increased Muscle Type 3 and Decreased Hepatic Type 1 Iodothyronine Deiodinase Activities: A Functional and Proteomic Study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:631176. [PMID: 33746903 PMCID: PMC7971177 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.631176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Refeeding after caloric restriction induces weight regain and a disproportionate recovering of fat mass rather than lean mass (catch-up fat) that, in humans, associates with higher risks to develop chronic dysmetabolism. Studies in a well-established rat model of semistarvation-refeeding have reported that catch-up fat associates with hyperinsulinemia, glucose redistribution from skeletal muscle to white adipose tissue and suppressed adaptive thermogenesis sustaining a high efficiency for fat deposition. The skeletal muscle of catch-up fat animals exhibits reduced insulin-stimulated glucose utilization, mitochondrial dysfunction, delayed in vivo contraction-relaxation kinetics, increased proportion of slow fibers and altered local thyroid hormone metabolism, with suggestions of a role for iodothyronine deiodinases. To obtain novel insights into the skeletal muscle response during catch-up fat in this rat model, the functional proteomes of tibialis anterior and soleus muscles, harvested after 2 weeks of caloric restriction and 1 week of refeeding, were studied. Furthermore, to assess the implication of thyroid hormone metabolism in catch-up fat, circulatory thyroid hormones as well as liver type 1 (D1) and liver and skeletal muscle type 3 (D3) iodothyronine deiodinase activities were evaluated. The proteomic profiling of both skeletal muscles indicated catch-up fat-induced alterations, reflecting metabolic and contractile adjustments in soleus muscle and changes in glucose utilization and oxidative stress in tibialis anterior muscle. In response to caloric restriction, D3 activity increased in both liver and skeletal muscle, and persisted only in skeletal muscle upon refeeding. In parallel, liver D1 activity decreased during caloric restriction, and persisted during catch-up fat at a time-point when circulating levels of T4, T3 and rT3 were all restored to those of controls. Thus, during catch-up fat, a local hypothyroidism may occur in liver and skeletal muscle despite systemic euthyroidism. The resulting reduced tissue thyroid hormone bioavailability, likely D1- and D3-dependent in liver and skeletal muscle, respectively, may be part of the adaptive thermogenesis sustaining catch-up fat. These results open new perspectives in understanding the metabolic processes associated with the high efficiency of body fat recovery after caloric restriction, revealing new implications for iodothyronine deiodinases as putative biological brakes contributing in suppressed thermogenesis driving catch-up fat during weight regain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celia Di Munno
- Department of Science and Technologies, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy
| | | | - Julie Calonne
- Department of Medicine, Physiology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Anna Maria Salzano
- Institute for the Animal Production System in the Mediterranean Environment, National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Jennifer Miles-Chan
- Department of Medicine, Physiology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Scaloni
- Institute for the Animal Production System in the Mediterranean Environment, National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Michele Ceccarelli
- Department of Science and Technologies, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy
| | - Pieter de Lange
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Caserta, Italy
| | | | - Rosalba Senese
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Caserta, Italy
| | - Federica Cioffi
- Department of Science and Technologies, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy
| | - Theo J. Visser
- Department of Internal Medicine, Academic Center for Thyroid Diseases, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Robin P. Peeters
- Department of Internal Medicine, Academic Center for Thyroid Diseases, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Abdul G. Dulloo
- Department of Medicine, Physiology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Elena Silvestri
- Department of Science and Technologies, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy
- *Correspondence: Elena Silvestri,
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6
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Tang L, Li P, Li L. Whole transcriptome expression profiles in placenta samples from women with gestational diabetes mellitus. J Diabetes Investig 2020; 11:1307-1317. [PMID: 32174045 PMCID: PMC7477506 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.13250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS/INTRODUCTION Non-coding ribonucleic acids (ncRNAs) have recently been shown to be involved in various biological processes. However, most of these ncRNAs are of unknown function or without annotation. This study first investigated the whole transcriptome profiles of placentas to identify the potential functions that ncRNAs exerted in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). MATERIALS AND METHODS Six placenta samples from healthy pregnant women (n = 3) and GDM (n = 3) were collected to analyze the whole transcriptome profiles by high-throughput sequencing. Differentially expressed ncRNAs were further validated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction on an independent set of normal (n = 20) and GDM (n = 20) placenta samples. RESULTS A total of 2,817 microRNAs (miRNAs), 23,339 long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and 9,513 circular RNAs (circRNAs) were identified. There were 290 differentially expressed ncRNAs in GDM placentas compared with the placentas of healthy pregnant women. Two miRNAs, 86 lncRNAs and 55 circRNAs were upregulated, while two miRNAs, 86 lncRNAs and 59 circRNAs were downregulated in GDM. The expression of the selected ncRNAs, which were further validated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, was consistent with the sequencing results. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis showed that the major targets of these ncRNAs were associated with insulin resistance, and abnormal glucose and lipid metabolism. A GDM-related competing endogenous RNA network suggested the interactions between lncRNAs, circRNAs, messenger RNAs and miRNAs. CONCLUSIONS The whole transcriptome profiles significantly differed in GDM placentas compared with the placentas of healthy pregnant women, which might be valuable for detecting novel ncRNAs, and providing new research insights into exploring the pathogenic mechanisms of GDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Tang
- Department of EndocrinologyShengjing Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangChina
| | - Ping Li
- Department of EndocrinologyShengjing Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangChina
| | - Ling Li
- Department of EndocrinologyShengjing Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangChina
- Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Endocrine DiseasesShenyangChina
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7
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Martí-Pàmies Í, Thoonen R, Seale P, Vite A, Caplan A, Tamez J, Graves L, Han W, Buys ES, Bloch DB, Scherrer-Crosbie M. Deficiency of bone morphogenetic protein-3b induces metabolic syndrome and increases adipogenesis. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2020; 319:E363-E375. [PMID: 32603262 PMCID: PMC7473912 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00362.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) receptor signaling is critical for the regulation of the endocrine system and cardiovascular structure and function. The objective of this study was to investigate whether Bmp3b, a glycoprotein synthetized and secreted by adipose tissue, is necessary to regulate glucose and lipid metabolism, adipogenesis, and cardiovascular remodeling. Over the course of 4 mo, Bmp3b-knockout (Bmp3b-/-) mice gained more weight than wild-type (WT) mice. The plasma levels of cholesterol and triglycerides were higher in Bmp3b-/- mice than in WT mice. Bmp3b-/- mice developed insulin resistance and glucose intolerance. The basal heart rate was higher in Bmp3b-/- mice than in WT mice, and echocardiography revealed eccentric remodeling in Bmp3b-/- mice. The expression of adipogenesis-related genes in white adipose tissue was higher in Bmp3b-/- mice than in WT control mice. In vitro studies showed that Bmp3b modulates the activity of the C/ebpα promoter, an effect mediated by Smad2/3. The results of this study suggest that Bmp3b is necessary for the maintenance of homeostasis in terms of age-related weight gain, glucose metabolism, and left ventricular (LV) remodeling and function. Interventions that increase the level or function of BMP3b may decrease cardiovascular risk and pathological cardiac remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Íngrid Martí-Pàmies
- Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Robrecht Thoonen
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Patrick Seale
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Alexia Vite
- Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Alex Caplan
- Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jesus Tamez
- Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Lauren Graves
- Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Wei Han
- Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Emmanuel S Buys
- Anesthesia Center for Critical Care Research, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Donald B Bloch
- Anesthesia Center for Critical Care Research, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- The Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases and Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Marielle Scherrer-Crosbie
- Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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8
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Hypoxic Exposure Increases Energy Expenditure by Increasing Carbohydrate Oxidation in Mice. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020. [DOI: 10.1155/2020/6159407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Aims. Hypoxic exposure improves glucose metabolism. We investigated to validate the hypothesis that carbohydrate (CHO) oxidation could increase in mice exposed to severe hypoxic conditions.Methods. Seven-week-old male ICR mice (n=16) were randomly divided into two groups: the control group (CON) was kept in normoxic condition (fraction of inspiredO2=21%) and the hypoxia group (HYP) was exposed to hypoxic condition (fraction of inspiredO2=12%, ≈altitude of 4,300 m). The CON group was pair-fed with the HYP group. After 3 weeks of hypoxic exposure, we measured respiratory metabolism (energy expenditure and substrate utilization) at normoxic conditions for 24 hours using an open-circuit calorimetry system. In addition, we investigated changes in carbohydrate mechanism-related protein expression, including hexokinase 2 (HK2), pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH), pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 (PDK4), and regulator of the genes involved in energy metabolism (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha, PGC1α) in soleus muscle.Results. Energy expenditure (EE) and CHO oxidation over 24 hours were higher in the HYP group by approximately 15% and 34% (p<0.001), respectively. Fat oxidation was approximately 29% lower in the HYP group than the CON group (p<0.01). Body weight gains were significantly lower in the HYP group than in the CON group (CON vs. HYP;1.9±0.9vs.−0.3±0.9;p<0.001). Hypoxic exposure for 3 weeks significantly reduced body fat by approximately 42% (p<0.001). PDH and PGC1αprotein levels were significantly higher in the HYP group (p<0.05). Additionally, HK2 was approximately 21% higher in the HYP group.Conclusions. Hypoxic exposure might significantly enhance CHO oxidation by increasing the expression of PDH and HK2. This investigation can be useful for patients with impaired glucose metabolism, such as those with type 2 diabetes.
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9
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Park Y, Jang I, Park HY, Kim J, Lim K. Hypoxic exposure can improve blood glycemic control in high-fat diet-induced obese mice. Phys Act Nutr 2020; 24:19-23. [PMID: 32408410 PMCID: PMC7451840 DOI: 10.20463/pan.2020.0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Blood glucose and insulin resistance were lower following hypoxic exposure in previous studies. However, the effect of hypoxia as therapy in obese model has not been unknown. METHODS Six-week-old mice were randomly divided into chow diet (n=10) and high-fat diet (HFD) groups (n=20). The chow diet group received a non-purified commercial diet (65 % carbohydrate, 21 % protein, and 14 % fat) and water ad libitum. The HFD group was fed an HFD (Research Diet, #D12492; 60% kcal from fat, 5.24 kcal/g). Both groups consumed their respective diet for 7 weeks. Subsequently, HFD-induced mice (12-weeks-old) were randomly divided into two treatment groups : HFD-Normoxia (HFD; n=10) and HFD-Hypoxia (HYP; n=10, fraction of inspired=14.6%). After treatment for 4 weeks, serum glucose, insulin and oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT) were performed. RESULTS Homeostatic model assessment values for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) of the HYP group tended to be lower than the HFD group. Regarding the OGTT, the area under the curve was 13% lower for the HYP group than the HFD group. CONCLUSION Insulin resistance tended to be lower and glucose uptake capacity was significantly augmented under hypoxia. From a clinical perspective, exposure to hypoxia may be a practical method of treating obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeram Park
- Department of Physical Education in Graduated school, Konkuk University, SeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Inkwon Jang
- Department of Sports Medicine and Science in Graduated School, Konkuk University, SeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Hun-Young Park
- Department of Sports Medicine and Science in Graduated School, Konkuk University, SeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Jisu Kim
- Department of Sports Medicine and Science in Graduated School, Konkuk University, SeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Kiwon Lim
- Department of Physical Education in Graduated school, Konkuk University, SeoulRepublic of Korea
- Department of Sports Medicine and Science in Graduated School, Konkuk University, SeoulRepublic of Korea
- Physical Activity and Performance Institute (PAPI), Konkuk University, SeoulRepublic of Korea
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10
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Sáez T, Toledo F, Sobrevia L. Impaired signalling pathways mediated by extracellular vesicles in diabesity. Mol Aspects Med 2019; 66:13-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2018.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Nutmeg Extract Increases Skeletal Muscle Mass in Aging Rats Partly via IGF1-AKT-mTOR Pathway and Inhibition of Autophagy. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2018; 2018:2810840. [PMID: 30647761 PMCID: PMC6311876 DOI: 10.1155/2018/2810840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The sarcopenic phenotype is characterized by a reduction of muscle mass, a shift in fiber-type distribution, and reduced satellite cell regeneration. Sarcopenia is still a major challenge to healthy aging. Traditional Indonesian societies in Sulawesi island have been using nutmeg for maintaining health condition during aging. Interestingly, nutmeg has been known to stimulate peroxisome proliferator activated receptors γ (PPARγ) which may contribute to myogenesis process in cardiac muscle. There is limited information about the role of nutmeg extract into physiological health benefit during aging especially myogenesis process in skeletal muscle. In the present study, we want to explore the potential effect of nutmeg in preserving skeletal muscle mass of aging rats. Aging rats, 80 weeks old, were divided into two groups (control and nutmeg). Nutmeg extract was administered for 12 weeks by gavaging. After treatment, rats were anaesthesized, then soleus and gastrocnemius muscles were collected, weighted, frozen using liquid nitrogen, and stored at -80°C until use. We observed phenomenon that nutmeg increased a little but significant food consumption on week 12, but significant decrease in body weight on weeks 10 and 12 unexpectedly increased significantly in soleus muscle weight (p<0.05). Nutmeg extract increased significantly gene expression of myogenic differentiation (MyoD), paired box 7 (Pax7), myogenin, myosin heavy chain I (MHC I), and insulin-like growth factor I (p<0.01) in soleus muscle. Furthermore, nutmeg increased serine/threonine kinase (AKT) protein levels and activation of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), inhibited autophagy activity, and stimulated or at least preserved muscle mass during aging. Taken together, nutmeg extract may increase muscle mass or prevent decrease of muscle wasting in soleus muscle by partly stimulating myogenesis, regeneration process, and preserving muscle mass via IGF-AKT-mTOR pathway leading to inhibition of autophagy activity during aging. This finding may reveal the potential nutmeg benefits as alternative supplement for preserving skeletal muscle mass and preventing sarcopenia in elderly.
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12
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Huang JP, Hsu SC, Meir YJJ, Hsieh PS, Chang CC, Chen KH, Chen JK, Hung LM. Role of dysfunctional adipocytes in cholesterol-induced nonobese metabolic syndrome. J Mol Endocrinol 2018; 60:307-321. [PMID: 29581238 DOI: 10.1530/jme-17-0194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Many studies have reported the causes of obese metabolic syndrome (MS); however, the causes of nonobese MS (NMS) remain unknown. In this study, we demonstrated that inflamed dysfunctional adipose tissue plays a crucial role in cholesterol-induced NMS. Control (C), high cholesterol (HC) and HC with 10% fructose in drinking water (HCF) diets were fed to Sprague-Dawley rats for 12 weeks. After 12 weeks, the body weights of the C- and HC-fed rats were comparable, but the weights of the HCF-fed rats were relatively low. Cholesterol caused metabolic problems such as high blood pressure, hypercholesterolemia and hypoinsulinemia. The HCF-fed rats exhibited whole-body insulin resistance with low circulating high-density lipoprotein levels. Increases in the tumor necrosis factor α level in the plasma, the number of CD68+ macrophages and the free nuclear factor-κB level in gonadal white adipose tissue (gWAT) resulted in local inflammation, which appeared as inflamed dysfunctional gWAT. Reduced superoxide dismutases (SODs) deteriorate natural antioxidant defense systems and induce reactive oxygen species in gWAT. Dysregulation of plasma levels of catecholamine, adipokines (leptin and adiponectin), hormone-sensitive lipase and perilipin in cholesterol-induced inflamed adipose tissue contributed to increased lipolysis and increased circulating nonesterified fatty acids. Cholesterol activated inflammation, lipolysis and cell death in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Moreover, Chol-3T3-CM reduced the population of M2-type Raw264.7 macrophages, indicating that the macrophage polarization is mediated by cholesterol. Together, our findings indicate that inflamed dysfunctional adipocytes are critical in NMS, supporting the development of anti-inflammatory agents as potential therapeutic drugs for treating NMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiung-Pang Huang
- Department and Graduate Institute of Biomedical SciencesCollege of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Center for Healthy and Aging ResearchChang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Chieh Hsu
- Department and Graduate Institute of Biomedical SciencesCollege of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyChang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Yaa-Jyuhn James Meir
- Department and Graduate Institute of Biomedical SciencesCollege of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Center for Tissue EngineeringChang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
- Department of OphthalmologyChang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Po-Shiuan Hsieh
- Department of Physiology and BiophysicsNational Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chun Chang
- Department of Clinical PathologyFar Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Hsing Chen
- Kidney Research CenterChang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Jan-Kan Chen
- Center for Healthy and Aging ResearchChang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Physiology and PharmacologyCollege of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Li-Man Hung
- Department and Graduate Institute of Biomedical SciencesCollege of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Center for Healthy and Aging ResearchChang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Kidney Research CenterChang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
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13
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Insulin Treatment May Alter Fatty Acid Carriers in Placentas from Gestational Diabetes Subjects. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18061203. [PMID: 28587267 PMCID: PMC5486026 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18061203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Revised: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
There is little information available on the effect of Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) treatment (diet or insulin) on placental lipid carriers, which may influence fetal fat accretion. Insulin may activate placental insulin receptors protein kinase (AKT) and extracellular signal regulated kinase ERK mediators, which might affect lipid metabolism. Placenta was collected from 25 control women, 23 GDM-Diet and 20 GDM-Insulin. Western blotting of insulin signaling mediators and lipid carriers was performed. The human choricarcinoma-derived cell line BeWo was preincubated with insulin inhibitors protein kinase (AKT) and extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK) and ERK inhibitors to evaluate insulin regulation of lipid carriers. Maternal serum insulin at recruitment correlated to ultrasound fetal abdominal circumference in offspring of GDM and placental endothelial lipase (EL). Lipoprotein lipase in placenta was significantly reduced in both GDM, while most of the other lipid carriers tended to higher values, although not significantly. There was a significant increase in both phosphorylated-Akt and ERK in placentas from GDM-Insulin patients; both were associated to placental fatty acid translocase (FAT), fatty acid binding protein (A-FABP), and EL. BeWo cells treated with insulin pathway inhibitors significantly reduced A-FABP, fatty acid transport protein (FATP-1), and EL levels, confirming the role of insulin on these carriers. We conclude that insulin promotes the phosphorylation of placental insulin mediators contributing to higher levels of some specific fatty acid carriers in the placenta and fetal adiposity in GDM.
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ERK1 and ERK2 activation modulates diet-induced obesity in mice. Biochimie 2017; 137:78-87. [PMID: 28302472 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2017.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a worldwide problem, and dietary lipids play an important role in its pathogenesis. Recently, Erk1 knock-out (ERK1-/-) mice have been shown to exhibit low preference for dietary fatty acids. Hence, we maintained Erk1-/- mice on a high-fat diet (HFD) to assess the implication of this mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase in obesity. The Erk1-/- mice, fed the HFD, were more obese than wild-type (WT) animals, fed the same diet. Erk1-/- obese mice gained more fat and liver mass than WT obese animals. No difference was observed in daily food and energy intake in HFD-fed both group of animals. However, feed efficiency was higher in Erk1-/- than WT animals. Blood cholesterol, triglyceride and insulin concentrations were higher in Erk1-/- obese mice compared to WT obese animals. Accordingly, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) value was higher in Erk1-/- obese mice compared to WT obese animals. Interestingly, only Erk1-/- obese mice, but not WT-obese animals, exhibited high degree of phosphorylation of liver MEK, the upstream regulator of ERK1/2. This phenomenon was associated with high liver ERK2 phosphorylation in Erk1-/- obese mice which also had high liver acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 (ACC1) and fatty acid synthase (FAS) mRNA expression, suggesting high lipogenesis in these animals. The Erk1-/- obese mice also had low PPAR-α and CPT1β mRNA, indicating low fatty acid oxidation. Our observations suggest that ERK1 and ERK2 might play key roles in the regulation of obesity.
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15
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Ruiz-Palacios M, Ruiz-Alcaraz AJ, Sanchez-Campillo M, Larqué E. Role of Insulin in Placental Transport of Nutrients in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. ANNALS OF NUTRITION AND METABOLISM 2017; 70:16-25. [PMID: 28110332 DOI: 10.1159/000455904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is associated with increased fetal adiposity, which may increase the risk of obesity in adulthood. The placenta has insulin receptors and maternal insulin can activate its signaling pathways, affecting the transport of nutrients to the fetus. However, the effects of diet or insulin treatment on the placental pathophysiology of GDM are unknown. SUMMARY There are very few studies on possible defects in the insulin signaling pathway in the GDM placenta. Such defects could influence the placental transport of nutrients to the fetus. In this review we discuss the state of insulin signaling pathways in placentas of women with GDM, as well as the role of exogenous insulin in placental nutrient transport to the fetus, and fetal adiposity. Key Messages: Maternal insulin in the third trimester is correlated with fetal abdominal circumference at that time, suggesting the important role of insulin in this process. Since treatment with insulin at the end of pregnancy may activate placental nutrient transport to the fetus and promote placental fatty acid transfer, it would be interesting to improve maternal hyperlipidemia control in GDM subjects treated with this hormone. More research in this area with high number of subjects is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Ruiz-Palacios
- Department of Physiology, Molecular Biology B and Immunology, Murcia Biohealth Research Institute-University of Murcia (IMIB-UMU), Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum," Murcia, Spain
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16
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Sinha I, Sakthivel D, Varon DE. Systemic Regulators of Skeletal Muscle Regeneration in Obesity. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2017; 8:29. [PMID: 28261159 PMCID: PMC5311070 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2017.00029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle maintenance is a dynamic process and undergoes constant repair and regeneration. However, skeletal muscle regenerative capacity declines in obesity. In this review, we focus on obesity-associated changes in inflammation, metabolism, and impaired insulin signaling, which are pathologically dysregulated and ultimately result in a loss of muscle mass and function. In addition, we examine the relationships between skeletal muscle, liver, and visceral adipose tissue in an obese state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indranil Sinha
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- *Correspondence: Indranil Sinha,
| | | | - David E. Varon
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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17
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Roy B, Curtis ME, Fears LS, Nahashon SN, Fentress HM. Molecular Mechanisms of Obesity-Induced Osteoporosis and Muscle Atrophy. Front Physiol 2016; 7:439. [PMID: 27746742 PMCID: PMC5040721 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and osteoporosis are two alarming health disorders prominent among middle and old age populations, and the numbers of those affected by these two disorders are increasing. It is estimated that more than 600 million adults are obese and over 200 million people have osteoporosis worldwide. Interestingly, both of these abnormalities share some common features including a genetic predisposition, and a common origin: bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells. Obesity is characterized by the expression of leptin, adiponectin, interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukin 10 (IL-10), monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), macrophage colony stimulating factor (M-CSF), growth hormone (GH), parathyroid hormone (PTH), angiotensin II (Ang II), 5-hydroxy-tryptamine (5-HT), Advance glycation end products (AGE), and myostatin, which exert their effects by modulating the signaling pathways within bone and muscle. Chemical messengers (e.g., TNF-α, IL-6, AGE, leptins) that are upregulated or downregulated as a result of obesity have been shown to act as negative regulators of osteoblasts, osteocytes and muscles, as well as positive regulators of osteoclasts. These additive effects of obesity ultimately increase the risk for osteoporosis and muscle atrophy. The aim of this review is to identify the potential cellular mechanisms through which obesity may facilitate osteoporosis, muscle atrophy and bone fractures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bipradas Roy
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tennessee State University Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Mary E Curtis
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tennessee State University Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Letimicia S Fears
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tennessee State University Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Samuel N Nahashon
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Tennessee State University Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Hugh M Fentress
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tennessee State University Nashville, TN, USA
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18
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Bedinger DH, Adams SH. Metabolic, anabolic, and mitogenic insulin responses: A tissue-specific perspective for insulin receptor activators. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2015; 415:143-56. [PMID: 26277398 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2015.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Revised: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 08/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Insulin acts as the major regulator of the fasting-to-fed metabolic transition by altering substrate metabolism, promoting energy storage, and helping activate protein synthesis. In addition to its glucoregulatory and other metabolic properties, insulin can also act as a growth factor. The metabolic and mitogenic responses to insulin are regulated by divergent post-receptor signaling mechanisms downstream from the activated insulin receptor (IR). However, the anabolic and growth-promoting properties of insulin require tissue-specific inter-relationships between the two pathways, and the nature and scope of insulin-regulated processes vary greatly across tissues. Understanding the nuances of this interplay between metabolic and growth-regulating properties of insulin would have important implications for development of novel insulin and IR modulator therapies that stimulate insulin receptor activation in both pathway- and tissue-specific manners. This review will provide a unique perspective focusing on the roles of "metabolic" and "mitogenic" actions of insulin signaling in various tissues, and how these networks should be considered when evaluating selective pharmacologic approaches to prevent or treat metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sean H Adams
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center and University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, Little Rock, AR, USA
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Co-activator binding protein PIMT mediates TNF-α induced insulin resistance in skeletal muscle via the transcriptional down-regulation of MEF2A and GLUT4. Sci Rep 2015; 5:15197. [PMID: 26468734 PMCID: PMC4606566 DOI: 10.1038/srep15197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms underlying inflammation induced insulin resistance are poorly understood. Here, we report that the expression of PIMT, a transcriptional co-activator binding protein, was up-regulated in the soleus muscle of high sucrose diet (HSD) induced insulin resistant rats and TNF-α exposed cultured myoblasts. Moreover, TNF-α induced phosphorylation of PIMT at the ERK1/2 target site Ser298. Wild type (WT) PIMT or phospho-mimic Ser298Asp mutant but not phospho-deficient Ser298Ala PIMT mutant abrogated insulin stimulated glucose uptake by L6 myotubes and neonatal rat skeletal myoblasts. Whereas, PIMT knock down relieved TNF-α inhibited insulin signaling. Mechanistic analysis revealed that PIMT differentially regulated the expression of GLUT4, MEF2A, PGC-1α and HDAC5 in cultured cells and skeletal muscle of Wistar rats. Further characterization showed that PIMT was recruited to GLUT4, MEF2A and HDAC5 promoters and overexpression of PIMT abolished the activity of WT but not MEF2A binding defective mutant GLUT4 promoter. Collectively, we conclude that PIMT mediates TNF-α induced insulin resistance at the skeletal muscle via the transcriptional modulation of GLUT4, MEF2A, PGC-1α and HDAC5 genes.
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20
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Lai M, Chandrasekera PC, Barnard ND. You are what you eat, or are you? The challenges of translating high-fat-fed rodents to human obesity and diabetes. Nutr Diabetes 2014; 4:e135. [PMID: 25198237 PMCID: PMC4183971 DOI: 10.1038/nutd.2014.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2014] [Revised: 06/18/2014] [Accepted: 06/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are rapidly growing worldwide epidemics with major health consequences. Various human-based studies have confirmed that both genetic and environmental factors (particularly high-caloric diets and sedentary lifestyle) greatly contribute to human T2DM. Interactions between obesity, insulin resistance and β-cell dysfunction result in human T2DM, but the mechanisms regulating the interplay among these impairments remain unclear. Rodent models of high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity have been used widely to study human obesity and T2DM. With >9000 publications on PubMed over the past decade alone, many aspects of rodent T2DM have been elucidated; however, correlation to human obesity/diabetes remains poor. This review investigates the reasons for this translational discrepancy by critically evaluating rodent HFD models. Dietary modification in rodents appears to have limited translatable benefit for understanding and treating human obesity and diabetes due—at least in part—to divergent dietary compositions, species/strain and gender variability, inconsistent disease penetrance, severity and duration and lack of resemblance to human obesogenic pathophysiology. Therefore future research efforts dedicated to acquiring translationally relevant data—specifically human data, rather than findings based on rodent studies—would accelerate our understanding of disease mechanisms and development of therapeutics for human obesity/T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Lai
- Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | - N D Barnard
- 1] Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine, Washington, DC, USA [2] Department of Medicine, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA
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Lind M, Pivodic A, Cea-Soriano L, Nerman O, Pehrsson NG, Garcia-Rodriguez LA. Changes in HbA1c and frequency of measuring HbA1c and adjusting glucose-lowering medications in the 10 years following diagnosis of type 2 diabetes: a population-based study in the UK. Diabetologia 2014; 57:1586-94. [PMID: 24811709 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-014-3250-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2013] [Accepted: 04/11/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS The aim of this work was to study levels of HbA1c and patterns of adjusting glucose-lowering drugs in patients with impaired glycaemic control over 10 years after diagnosis of type 2 diabetes. METHODS We studied 4,529 individuals in The Health Improvement Network Database newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes in the year 2000. RESULTS From 6 months to 10 years after diagnosis, the HbA1c increased from 7.04% (53.4 mmol/mol) to 7.49% (58.3 mmol/mol) (average annual change: 0.047% [0.51 mmol/mol]). The greatest annual change occurred between 6 months and 2 years (0.21% [2.30 mmol/mol] increase per year, p < 0.001), followed by the 2-5 year time period (0.033% [0.36 mmol/mol] increase per year, p < 0.001). No significant increase in HbA1c occurred between 5 and 10 years (p = 0.20). In multivariable analyses, patients who were younger (p < 0.001), with higher BMI (p = 0.033) and who were current insulin users (p = 0.024) at diagnosis had greater increases in HbA1c between 6 months and 2 years. For individuals with HbA1c above 7.0% (53 mmol/mol) the mean time to next measurement of HbA1c was 0.53 years and increase in doses or changes to other glucose-lowering medications were performed in 26% of cases. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION HbA1c increases by approximately 0.5% (5 mmol/mol) over 10 years after diagnosis of type 2 diabetes, with the main increase appearing in the first years after diagnosis. More frequent monitoring of HbA1c and adjustments of glucose-lowering drugs may be essential to prevent the decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Lind
- Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden,
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