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Chaumeau V, Piarroux M, Kulabkeeree T, Sawasdichai S, Inta A, Watthanaworawit W, Nosten F, Piarroux R, Nabet C. Identification of Southeast Asian Anopheles mosquito species using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0305167. [PMID: 38968228 PMCID: PMC11226003 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0305167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Malaria elimination in Southeast Asia remains a challenge, underscoring the importance of accurately identifying malaria mosquitoes to understand transmission dynamics and improve vector control. Traditional methods such as morphological identification require extensive training and cannot distinguish between sibling species, while molecular approaches are costly for extensive screening. Matrix-assisted laser desorption and ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) has emerged as a rapid and cost-effective tool for Anopheles species identification, yet its current use is limited to few specialized laboratories. This study aimed to develop and validate an online reference database for MALDI-TOF MS identification of Southeast Asian Anopheles species. The database, constructed using the in-house data analysis pipeline MSI2 (Sorbonne University), comprised 2046 head mass spectra from 209 specimens collected at the Thailand-Myanmar border. Molecular identification via COI and ITS2 DNA barcodes enabled the identification of 20 sensu stricto species and 5 sibling species complexes. The high quality of the mass spectra was demonstrated by a MSI2 median score (min-max) of 61.62 (15.94-77.55) for correct answers, using the best result of four technical replicates of a test panel. Applying an identification threshold of 45, 93.9% (201/214) of the specimens were identified, with 98.5% (198/201) consistency with the molecular taxonomic assignment. In conclusion, MALDI-TOF MS holds promise for malaria mosquito identification and can be scaled up for entomological surveillance in Southeast Asia. The free online sharing of our database on the MSI2 platform (https://msi.happy-dev.fr/) represents an important step towards the broader use of MALDI-TOF MS in malaria vector surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Chaumeau
- Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Shoklo Malaria Research Unit, Mahidol-Oxford Research Unit, Mahidol University, Mae Ramat, Thailand
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Martine Piarroux
- Institut Pierre-Louis d’Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, Inserm, IPLESP, AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Service de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Thithiworada Kulabkeeree
- Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Shoklo Malaria Research Unit, Mahidol-Oxford Research Unit, Mahidol University, Mae Ramat, Thailand
| | - Sunisa Sawasdichai
- Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Shoklo Malaria Research Unit, Mahidol-Oxford Research Unit, Mahidol University, Mae Ramat, Thailand
| | - Aritsara Inta
- Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Shoklo Malaria Research Unit, Mahidol-Oxford Research Unit, Mahidol University, Mae Ramat, Thailand
| | - Wanitda Watthanaworawit
- Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Shoklo Malaria Research Unit, Mahidol-Oxford Research Unit, Mahidol University, Mae Ramat, Thailand
| | - François Nosten
- Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Shoklo Malaria Research Unit, Mahidol-Oxford Research Unit, Mahidol University, Mae Ramat, Thailand
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Renaud Piarroux
- Institut Pierre-Louis d’Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, Inserm, IPLESP, AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Service de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Cécile Nabet
- Institut Pierre-Louis d’Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, Inserm, IPLESP, AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Service de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
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Karisa J, Ominde K, Tuwei M, Bartilol B, Ondieki Z, Musani H, Wanjiku C, Mwikali K, Babu L, Rono M, Eminov M, Mbogo C, Bejon P, Mwangangi J, Laroche M, Maia M. Utility of MALDI-TOF MS for determination of species identity and blood meal sources of primary malaria vectors on the Kenyan coast. Wellcome Open Res 2024; 8:151. [PMID: 38957296 PMCID: PMC11217722 DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.18982.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Protein analysis using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation time-of-flight mass-spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) represents a promising tool for entomological surveillance. In this study we tested the discriminative power of this tool for measuring species and blood meal source of main Afrotropical malaria vectors on the Kenyan coast. Methods Mosquito collections were conducted along the coastal region of Kenya. MALDI-TOF MS spectra were obtained from each individual mosquito's cephalothorax as well as the abdomens of blood-engorged mosquitoes. The same mosquitoes were also processed using gold standard tests: polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for species identification and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for blood meal source identification. Results Of the 2,332 mosquitoes subjected to MALDI-TOF MS, 85% (1,971/2,332) were considered for database creation and validation. There was an overall accuracy of 97.5% in the identification of members of the An. gambiae ( An. gambiae, 100%; An. arabiensis, 91.9%; An. merus, 97.5%; and An. quadriannulatus, 90.2%) and An. funestus ( An. funestus, 94.2%; An. rivulorum, 99.4%; and An. leesoni, 94.1%) complexes. Furthermore, MALDI-TOF MS also provided accurate (94.5% accuracy) identification of blood host sources across all mosquito species. Conclusions This study provides further evidence of the discriminative power of MALDI-TOF MS to identify sibling species and blood meal source of Afrotropical malaria vectors, further supporting its utility in entomological surveillance. The low cost per sample (<0.2USD) and high throughput nature of the method represents a cost-effective alternative to molecular methods and could enable programs to increase the number of samples analysed and therefore improve the data generated from surveillance activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Karisa
- Kenya Medical Research Institute, Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya, 230-80108, Kenya
- The Open University, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom, Walton Hall, Kents Hill, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, UK
- Pwani University, Kilifi, Kenya, 195-80108, Kenya
| | - Kelly Ominde
- Kenya Medical Research Institute, Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya, 230-80108, Kenya
| | - Mercy Tuwei
- Kenya Medical Research Institute, Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya, 230-80108, Kenya
- Pwani University, Kilifi, Kenya, 195-80108, Kenya
| | - Brian Bartilol
- Kenya Medical Research Institute, Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya, 230-80108, Kenya
| | - Zedekiah Ondieki
- Kenya Medical Research Institute, Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya, 230-80108, Kenya
| | - Harun Musani
- Kenya Medical Research Institute, Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya, 230-80108, Kenya
| | - Caroline Wanjiku
- Kenya Medical Research Institute, Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya, 230-80108, Kenya
| | - Kioko Mwikali
- Kenya Medical Research Institute, Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya, 230-80108, Kenya
| | - Lawrence Babu
- Kenya Medical Research Institute, Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya, 230-80108, Kenya
| | - Martin Rono
- Kenya Medical Research Institute, Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya, 230-80108, Kenya
- Pwani University, Kilifi, Kenya, 195-80108, Kenya
| | | | - Charles Mbogo
- Kenya Medical Research Institute, Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya, 230-80108, Kenya
| | - Philip Bejon
- Kenya Medical Research Institute, Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya, 230-80108, Kenya
- University of Oxford, Centre for Global Health and Tropical Medicine, Oxford, UK, Oxford, UK
| | - Joseph Mwangangi
- Kenya Medical Research Institute, Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya, 230-80108, Kenya
| | - Maureen Laroche
- The University of Texas Medical Branch -, Galveston National Laboratory 301 University Blvd, Texas, Galveston TX 77555-1019, USA
| | - Marta Maia
- Kenya Medical Research Institute, Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya, 230-80108, Kenya
- University of Oxford, Centre for Global Health and Tropical Medicine, Oxford, UK, Oxford, UK
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Almeras L, Costa MM, Amalvict R, Guilliet J, Dusfour I, David JP, Corbel V. Potential of MALDI-TOF MS biotyping to detect deltamethrin resistance in the dengue vector Aedes aegypti. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0303027. [PMID: 38728353 PMCID: PMC11086877 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0303027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Insecticide resistance in mosquitoes is spreading worldwide and represents a growing threat to vector control. Insecticide resistance is caused by different mechanisms including higher metabolic detoxication, target-site modification, reduced penetration and behavioral changes that are not easily detectable with simple diagnostic methods. Indeed, most molecular resistance diagnostic tools are costly and labor intensive and then difficult to use for routine monitoring of insecticide resistance. The present study aims to determine whether mosquito susceptibility status against the pyrethroid insecticides (mostly used for mosquito control) could be established by the protein signatures of legs and/or thoraxes submitted to MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry (MS). The quality of MS spectra for both body parts was controlled to avoid any bias due to unconformity protein profiling. The comparison of MS profiles from three inbreeds Ae. aegypti lines from French Guiana (IRF, IR03, IR13), with distinct deltamethrin resistance genotype / phenotype and the susceptible reference laboratory line BORA (French Polynesia), showed different protein signatures. On both body parts, the analysis of whole protein profiles revealed a singularity of BORA line compared to the three inbreeding lines from French Guiana origin, suggesting that the first criteria of differentiation is the geographical origin and/or the breeding history rather than the insecticide susceptibility profile. However, a deeper analysis of the protein profiles allowed to identify 10 and 11 discriminating peaks from leg and thorax spectra, respectively. Among them, a specific peak around 4870 Da was detected in legs and thoraxes of pyrethroid resistant lines compared to the susceptible counterparts hence suggesting that MS profiling may be promising to rapidly distinguish resistant and susceptible phenotypes. Further work is needed to confirm the nature of this peak as a deltamethrin resistant marker and to validate the routine use of MS profiling to track insecticide resistance in Ae. aegypti field populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lionel Almeras
- Département Microbiologie et Maladies Infectieuses, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Unité Parasitologie et Entomologie, Marseille, 13005, France
- Aix Marseille University, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, Marseille, 13005, France
- IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, 13005, France
| | - Monique Melo Costa
- Département Microbiologie et Maladies Infectieuses, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Unité Parasitologie et Entomologie, Marseille, 13005, France
- Aix Marseille University, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, Marseille, 13005, France
- IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, 13005, France
| | - Rémy Amalvict
- Département Microbiologie et Maladies Infectieuses, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Unité Parasitologie et Entomologie, Marseille, 13005, France
- Aix Marseille University, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, Marseille, 13005, France
- IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, 13005, France
- Centre National de Référence du Paludisme, Marseille, 13005, France
| | - Joseph Guilliet
- Laboratoire d’Ecologie Alpine, UMR UGA-USMB-CNRS 5553, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, 38041, France
| | - Isabelle Dusfour
- Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Vectopôle Amazonien Emile Abonnenc, Unité de Contrôle et Adaptation des Vecteurs, Cayenne, France
| | - Jean-Philippe David
- Laboratoire d’Ecologie Alpine, UMR UGA-USMB-CNRS 5553, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, 38041, France
| | - Vincent Corbel
- MIVEGEC, IRD, CNRS, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Laboratório de Fisiologia e Controle de Artrópodes Vetores (Laficave), Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC), Fundacao Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Avenida Brasil, Rio de Janeiro–RJ, Brazil
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Rossel S, Peters J, Charzinski N, Eichsteller A, Laakmann S, Neumann H, Martínez Arbizu P. A universal tool for marine metazoan species identification: towards best practices in proteomic fingerprinting. Sci Rep 2024; 14:1280. [PMID: 38218969 PMCID: PMC10787734 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-51235-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Proteomic fingerprinting using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry is a well-established tool for identifying microorganisms and has shown promising results for identification of animal species, particularly disease vectors and marine organisms. And thus can be a vital tool for biodiversity assessments in ecological studies. However, few studies have tested species identification across different orders and classes. In this study, we collected data from 1246 specimens and 198 species to test species identification in a diverse dataset. We also evaluated different specimen preparation and data processing approaches for machine learning and developed a workflow to optimize classification using random forest. Our results showed high success rates of over 90%, but we also found that the size of the reference library affects classification error. Additionally, we demonstrated the ability of the method to differentiate marine cryptic-species complexes and to distinguish sexes within species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Rossel
- Senckenberg am Meer, German Centre for Marine Biodiversity Research (DZMB), 26382, Wilhelmshaven, Germany.
| | - Janna Peters
- German Centre for Marine Biodiversity Research (DZMB), Senckenberg am Meer, 20146, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nele Charzinski
- Marine Biodiversity Research, Institute of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, 26129, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Angelina Eichsteller
- Senckenberg am Meer, German Centre for Marine Biodiversity Research (DZMB), 26382, Wilhelmshaven, Germany
- Marine Biodiversity Research, Institute of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, 26129, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Silke Laakmann
- Helmholtz Institute for Functional Marine Biodiversity at the University of Oldenburg (HIFMB), 26129, Oldenburg, Germany
- Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570, Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Hermann Neumann
- Institute for Sea Fisheries, Thuenen Institute, 27572, Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Pedro Martínez Arbizu
- Senckenberg am Meer, German Centre for Marine Biodiversity Research (DZMB), 26382, Wilhelmshaven, Germany
- Marine Biodiversity Research, Institute of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, 26129, Oldenburg, Germany
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Omucheni DL, Kaduki KA, Mukabana WR. Rapid and non-destructive identification of Anopheles gambiae and Anopheles arabiensis mosquito species using Raman spectroscopy via machine learning classification models. Malar J 2023; 22:342. [PMID: 37940964 PMCID: PMC10634188 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-023-04777-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Identification of malaria vectors is an important exercise that can result in the deployment of targeted control measures and monitoring the susceptibility of the vectors to control strategies. Although known to possess distinct biting behaviours and habitats, the African malaria vectors Anopheles gambiae and Anopheles arabiensis are morphologically indistinguishable and are known to be discriminated by molecular techniques. In this paper, Raman spectroscopy is proposed to complement the tedious and time-consuming Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) method for the rapid screening of mosquito identity. METHODS A dispersive Raman microscope was used to record spectra from the legs (femurs and tibiae) of fresh anaesthetized laboratory-bred mosquitoes. The scattered Raman intensity signal peaks observed were predominantly centered at approximately 1400 cm-1, 1590 cm-1, and 2067 cm-1. These peaks, which are characteristic signatures of melanin pigment found in the insect cuticle, were important in the discrimination of the two mosquito species. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was used for dimension reduction. Four classification models were built using the following techniques: Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA), Logistic Regression (LR), Quadratic Discriminant Analysis (QDA), and Quadratic Support Vector Machine (QSVM). RESULTS PCA extracted twenty-one features accounting for 95% of the variation in the data. Using the twenty-one principal components, LDA, LR, QDA, and QSVM discriminated and classified the two cryptic species with 86%, 85%, 89%, and 93% accuracy, respectively on cross-validation and 79%, 82%, 81% and 93% respectively on the test data set. CONCLUSION Raman spectroscopy in combination with machine learning tools is an effective, rapid and non-destructive method for discriminating and classifying two cryptic mosquito species, Anopheles gambiae and Anopheles arabiensis belonging to the Anopheles gambiae complex.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Wolfgang R Mukabana
- Department of Biology, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
- Science for Health Society, Nairobi, Kenya
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Rossel S, Peters J, Laakmann S, Martínez Arbizu P, Holst S. Potential of MALDI-TOF MS-based proteomic fingerprinting for species identification of Cnidaria across classes, species, regions and developmental stages. Mol Ecol Resour 2023; 23:1620-1631. [PMID: 37417794 DOI: 10.1111/1755-0998.13832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Morphological identification of cnidarian species can be difficult throughout all life stages due to the lack of distinct morphological characters. Moreover, in some cnidarian taxa genetic markers are not fully informative, and in these cases combinations of different markers or additional morphological verifications may be required. Proteomic fingerprinting based on MALDI-TOF mass spectra was previously shown to provide reliable species identification in different metazoans including some cnidarian taxa. For the first time, we tested the method across four cnidarian classes (Staurozoa, Scyphozoa, Anthozoa, Hydrozoa) and included different scyphozoan life-history stages (polyp, ephyra, medusa) in our dataset. Our results revealed reliable species identification based on MALDI-TOF mass spectra across all taxa with species-specific clusters for all 23 analysed species. In addition, proteomic fingerprinting was successful for distinguishing developmental stages, still by retaining a species specific signal. Furthermore, we identified the impact of different salinities in different regions (North Sea and Baltic Sea) on proteomic fingerprints to be negligible. In conclusion, the effects of environmental factors and developmental stages on proteomic fingerprints seem to be low in cnidarians. This would allow using reference libraries built up entirely of adult or cultured cnidarian specimens for the identification of their juvenile stages or specimens from different geographic regions in future biodiversity assessment studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Rossel
- Senckenberg am Meer, German Centre for Marine Biodiversity Research (DZMB), Wilhelmshaven, Germany
| | - Janna Peters
- Senckenberg am Meer, German Centre for Marine Biodiversity Research (DZMB), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Silke Laakmann
- Helmholtz Institute for Functional Marine Biodiversity at the University of Oldenburg (HIFMB), Oldenburg, Germany
- Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz-Centre for Polar and Marine Research (AWI), Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Pedro Martínez Arbizu
- Senckenberg am Meer, German Centre for Marine Biodiversity Research (DZMB), Wilhelmshaven, Germany
| | - Sabine Holst
- Senckenberg am Meer, German Centre for Marine Biodiversity Research (DZMB), Hamburg, Germany
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Cannet A, Simon-Chane C, Akhoundi M, Histace A, Romain O, Souchaud M, Jacob P, Sereno D, Mouline K, Barnabe C, Lardeux F, Boussès P, Sereno D. Deep learning and wing interferential patterns identify Anopheles species and discriminate amongst Gambiae complex species. Sci Rep 2023; 13:13895. [PMID: 37626130 PMCID: PMC10457333 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-41114-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
We present a new and innovative identification method based on deep learning of the wing interferential patterns carried by mosquitoes of the Anopheles genus to classify and assign 20 Anopheles species, including 13 malaria vectors. We provide additional evidence that this approach can identify Anopheles spp. with an accuracy of up to 100% for ten out of 20 species. Although, this accuracy was moderate (> 65%) or weak (50%) for three and seven species. The accuracy of the process to discriminate cryptic or sibling species is also assessed on three species belonging to the Gambiae complex. Strikingly, An. gambiae, An. arabiensis and An. coluzzii, morphologically indistinguishable species belonging to the Gambiae complex, were distinguished with 100%, 100%, and 88% accuracy respectively. Therefore, this tool would help entomological surveys of malaria vectors and vector control implementation. In the future, we anticipate our method can be applied to other arthropod vector-borne diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Cannet
- Direction des Affaires Sanitaires et Sociales de la Nouvelle-Calédonie, Nouméa, France
| | | | | | - Aymeric Histace
- ETIS UMR 8051, ENSEA, CNRS, Cergy Paris University, 95000, Cergy, France
| | - Olivier Romain
- ETIS UMR 8051, ENSEA, CNRS, Cergy Paris University, 95000, Cergy, France
| | - Marc Souchaud
- ETIS UMR 8051, ENSEA, CNRS, Cergy Paris University, 95000, Cergy, France
| | - Pierre Jacob
- CNRS, Bordeaux INP, LaBRI, UMR 5800, Univ. Bordeaux, 33400, Talence, France
| | - Darian Sereno
- InterTryp, IRD-CIRAD, Infectiology, Medical entomology & One Health research group, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Karine Mouline
- MIVEGEC, CNRS, IRD, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Christian Barnabe
- InterTryp, IRD-CIRAD, Infectiology, Medical entomology & One Health research group, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | | | | | - Denis Sereno
- InterTryp, IRD-CIRAD, Infectiology, Medical entomology & One Health research group, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
- MIVEGEC, CNRS, IRD, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
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Karisa J, Ominde K, Tuwei M, Bartilol B, Ondieki Z, Musani H, Wanjiku C, Mwikali K, Babu L, Rono M, Eminov M, Mbogo C, Bejon P, Mwangangi J, Laroche M, Maia M. Utility of MALDI-TOF MS for determination of species identity and blood meal sources of primary malaria vectors on the Kenyan coast. Wellcome Open Res 2023. [DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.18982.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Protein analysis using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass-spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) represents a promising tool for entomological surveillance. In this study we tested the discriminative power of this tool for measuring species and blood meal source of main Afrotropical malaria vectors on the Kenyan coast. Methods: Mosquito collections were conducted along the coastal region of Kenya. MALDI-TOF MS spectra were obtained from each individual mosquito’s cephalothorax as well as the abdomens of blood-engorged mosquitoes. The same mosquitoes were also processed using gold standard tests: polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for species identification and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for blood meal source identification. Results: Of the 2,332 mosquitoes subjected to MALDI-TOF MS, 85% (1,971/2,332) were considered for database creation and validation. There was an overall accuracy of 97.5% in the identification of members of the An. gambiae (An. gambiae, 100%; An. arabiensis, 91.9%; An. merus, 97.5%; and An. quadriannulatus, 90.2%) and An. funestus (An. funestus, 94.2%; An. rivulorum, 99.4%; and An. leesoni, 94.1%) complexes. Furthermore, MALDI-TOF MS also provided accurate (94.5% accuracy) identification of blood host sources across all mosquito species. Conclusions: This study provides further evidence of the discriminative power of MALDI-TOF MS to identify sibling species and blood meal source of Afrotropical malaria vectors, further supporting its utility in entomological surveillance. The low cost per sample (<0.2USD) and high throughput nature of the method represents a cost-effective alternative to molecular methods and could enable programs to increase the number of samples analysed and therefore improve the data generated from surveillance activities.
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Identification of Neotropical Culex Mosquitoes by MALDI-TOF MS Profiling. Trop Med Infect Dis 2023; 8:tropicalmed8030168. [PMID: 36977169 PMCID: PMC10055718 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed8030168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The mosquito (Diptera: Culicidae) fauna of French Guiana encompasses 242 species, of which nearly half of them belong to the genus Culex. Whereas several species of Culex are important vectors of arboviruses, only a limited number of studies focus on them due to the difficulties to morphologically identify field-caught females. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) has been reported as a promising method for the identification of mosquitoes. Culex females collected in French Guiana were morphologically identified and dissected. Abdomens were used for molecular identification using the COI (cytochrome oxidase 1) gene. Legs and thorax of 169 specimens belonging to 13 Culex species, (i.e., Cx. declarator, Cx. nigripalpus, Cx. quinquefasciatus, Cx. usquatus, Cx. adamesi, Cx. dunni, Cx. eastor, Cx. idottus, Cx. pedroi, Cx. phlogistus, Cx. portesi, Cx. rabanicolus and Cx. spissipes) were then submitted to MALDI-TOF MS analysis. A high intra-species reproducibility and inter-species specificity of MS spectra for each mosquito body part tested were obtained. A corroboration of the specimen identification was revealed between MALDI-TOF MS, morphological and molecular results. MALDI-TOF MS protein profiling proves to be a suitable tool for identification of neotropical Culex species and will permit the enhancement of knowledge on this highly diverse genus.
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Sánchez-Juanes F, Calvo Sánchez N, Belhassen García M, Vieira Lista C, Román RM, Álamo Sanz R, Muro Álvarez A, Muñoz Bellido JL. Applications of MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry to the Identification of Parasites and Arthropod Vectors of Human Diseases. Microorganisms 2022; 10:2300. [PMID: 36422371 PMCID: PMC9695109 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10112300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Arthropod vectors and parasites are identified morphologically or, more recently, by molecular methods. Both methods are time consuming and require expertise and, in the case of molecular methods, specific devices. Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) identification of bacteria has meant a major change in clinical microbiology laboratories because of its simplicity, speed and specificity, and its capacity to identify microorganisms, in some cases, directly from the sample (urine cultures, blood cultures). Recently, MALDI-TOF MS has been shown as useful for the identification of some parasites. On the other hand, the identification of vector arthropods and the control of their populations is essential for the control of diseases transmitted by arthropods, and in this aspect, it is crucial to have fast, simple and reliable methods for their identification. Ticks are blood-sucking arthropods with a worldwide distribution, that behave as efficient vectors of a wide group of human and animal pathogens, including bacteria, protozoa, viruses, and even helminths. They are capable of parasitizing numerous species of mammals, birds and reptiles. They constitute the second group of vectors of human diseases, after mosquitoes. MALDI-TOF MS has been shown as useful for the identification of different tick species, such as Ixodes, Rhipicephalus and Amblyomma. Some studies even suggest the possibility of being able to determine, through MALDI-TOF MS, if the arthropod is a carrier of certain microorganisms. Regarding mosquitoes, the main group of vector arthropods, the possibility of using MALDI-TOF MS for the identification of different species of Aedes and Anopheles has also been demonstrated. In this review, we address the possibilities of this technology for the identification of parasites and arthropod vectors, its characteristics, advantages and possible limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Sánchez-Juanes
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Department of Microbiology, Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Noelia Calvo Sánchez
- Department of Microbiology, Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Moncef Belhassen García
- Department of Medicine-Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Centro de Investigación en Enfermedades Tropicales de la Universidad de Salamanca (CIETUS), Universidad de Salamanca, 37008 Salamanca, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Universidad de Salamanca, CSIC, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Carmen Vieira Lista
- Centro de Investigación en Enfermedades Tropicales de la Universidad de Salamanca (CIETUS), Universidad de Salamanca, 37008 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Raul Manzano Román
- Centro de Investigación en Enfermedades Tropicales de la Universidad de Salamanca (CIETUS), Universidad de Salamanca, 37008 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Rufino Álamo Sanz
- Public Health Information Service, Consejería de Sanidad, Junta de Castilla y León, 47007 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Antonio Muro Álvarez
- Centro de Investigación en Enfermedades Tropicales de la Universidad de Salamanca (CIETUS), Universidad de Salamanca, 37008 Salamanca, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Universidad de Salamanca, CSIC, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Juan Luis Muñoz Bellido
- Department of Microbiology, Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Centro de Investigación en Enfermedades Tropicales de la Universidad de Salamanca (CIETUS), Universidad de Salamanca, 37008 Salamanca, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Universidad de Salamanca, CSIC, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
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MALDI-TOF MS: An effective tool for a global surveillance of dengue vector species. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0276488. [PMID: 36264911 PMCID: PMC9584457 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0276488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue, Zika and chikungunya viruses cause significant human public health burdens in the world. These arboviruses are transmitted by vector mosquito species notably Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus. In the Pacific region, more vector species of arboviruses belonging to the Scutellaris Group are present. Due to the expansion of human travel and international trade, the threat of their dispersal in other world regions is on the rise. Strengthening of entomological surveillance ensuring rapid detection of introduced vector species is therefore required in order to avoid their establishment and the risk of arbovirus outbreaks. This surveillance relies on accurate species identification. The aim of this study was to assess the use of the Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Time-Of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) as a tool for an international identification and surveillance of these mosquito vectors of arboviruses. Field-mosquitoes belonging to 8 species (Ae. aegypti, Ae. albopictus, Aedes polynesiensis, Aedes scutellaris, Aedes pseudoscutellaris, Aedes malayensis, Aedes futunae and Culex quinquefasciatus) from 6 countries in the Pacific, Asian and Madagascar, were included in this study. Analysis provided evidence that a MALDI-TOF database created using mosquitoes from the Pacific region allowed suitable identification of mosquito species from the other regions. This technic was as efficient as the DNA sequencing method in identifying mosquito species. Indeed, with the exception of two Ae. pseudoscutellaris, an exact species identification was obtained for all individual mosquitoes. These findings highlight that the MALDI-TOF MS is a promising tool that could be used for a global comprehensive arbovirus vector surveillance.
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Mitochondrial DNA barcoding of mosquito species (Diptera: Culicidae) in Thailand. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0275090. [DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0275090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The correct identification of mosquito species is important for effective mosquito vector control. However, the standard morphological identification of mosquito species based on the available keys is not easy with specimens in the field due to missing or damaged morphological features during mosquito collections, often leading to the misidentification of morphologically indistinguishable. To resolve this problem, we collected mosquito species across Thailand to gather genetic information, and evaluated the DNA barcoding efficacy for mosquito species identification in Thailand. A total of 310 mosquito samples, representing 73 mosquito species, were amplified using mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) primers. The average maximum intraspecific genetic variation of the 73 mosquito species was 1% ranged from 0–5.7%. While, average minimum interspecific genetic variation (the distance to the nearest neighbour) of the 73 mosquito species was 7% ranged from 0.3–12.9%. The identification of success rates based on the “Best Match,” “Best Close Match,” and “All Species Barcodes” methods were 97.7%, 91.6%, and 81%, respectively. Phylogenetic analyses of Anopheles COI sequences demonstrated a clear separation between almost all species (except for those between An. baimaii and An. dirus), with high bootstrap support values (97%–99%). Furthermore, phylogenetic analyses revealed potential sibling species of An. annularis, An. tessellatus, and An. subpictus in Thailand. Our results indicated that DNA barcoding is an effective molecular approach for the accurate identification of mosquitoes in Thailand.
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In Silico Study and Excito-Repellent Activity of Vitex negundo L. Essential Oil against Anopheles gambiae. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12157500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
(1) Background: Essential oil from Vitex negundo is known to have repellent and insecticidal properties toward the Anopheles gambiae and this is linked to its monoterpene and sesquiterpene content. In this work, an effort is made to delineate the constitution of V. negundo essential oil (VNEO) and their interaction with odorant-binding proteins (OBPs) of A. gambiae and hence access its repellent efficiency as cost-effective and safer malaria vector control alternatives. (2) Methods: Anopheles species authentication was performed by genomic DNA analysis and was subjected to behavioral analysis. GC-MS profiling was used to identify individual components of VNEO. Anopheles OBPs were obtained from the RCSB protein data bank and used for docking studies. Determination of ligand efficiency metrics and QSAR studies were performed using Hyper Chem Professional 8.0.3, and molecular dynamics simulations were performed using the Desmond module. (3) Results: GC-MS analysis of VNEO showed 28 compounds (monoterpenes, 80.16%; sesquiterpenes, 7.63%; and unknown constituents, 10.88%). The ligand efficiency metrics of all four ligands against the OBP 7 were within acceptable ranges. β-selinene (−12.2 kcal/mol), β-caryophellene (−9.5 kcal/mol), sulcatone (−10.9 kcal/mol), and α-ylangene (−9.3 kcal/mol) showed the strongest binding affinities for the target proteins. The most stable hydrophobic interactions were observed between β-selinene (Phe111 and Phe120), Sulcatone (Phe54 and Phe120), and α-ylangene (Phe111), while only sulcatone (Tyr49) presented H-bond interactions in the simulated environment. (4) Conclusions: Sulcatone and β-caryophyllene presented the best log p values, 6.45 and 5.20, respectively. These lead phytocompounds can be used in their purest as repellent supplement or as a natural anti-mosquito agent in product formulations.
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Bamou R, Costa MM, Diarra AZ, Martins AJ, Parola P, Almeras L. Enhanced procedures for mosquito identification by MALDI-TOF MS. Parasit Vectors 2022; 15:240. [PMID: 35773735 PMCID: PMC9248115 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-022-05361-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In the last decade, an innovative approach has emerged for arthropod identification based on matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). Increasing interest in applying the original technique for arthropod identification has led to the development of a variety of procedures for sample preparation and selection of body parts, among others. However, the absence of a consensual strategy hampers direct inter-study comparisons. Moreover, these different procedures are confusing to new users. Establishing optimized procedures and standardized protocols for mosquito identification by MALDI-TOF MS is therefore a necessity, and would notably enable the sharing of reference MS databases. Here, we assess the optimal conditions for mosquito identification using MALDI-TOF MS profiling. Methods Three homogenization methods, two of which were manual and one automatic, were used on three distinct body parts (legs, thorax, head) of two mosquito laboratory strains, Anopheles coluzzii and Aedes aegypti, and the results evaluated. The reproducibility of MS profiles, identification rate with relevant scores and the suitability of procedures for high-throughput analyses were the main criteria for establishing optimized guidelines. Additionally, the consequences of blood-feeding and geographical origin were evaluated using both laboratory strains and field-collected mosquitoes. Results Relevant score values for mosquito identification were obtained for all the three body parts assayed using MALDI-TOF MS profiling; however, the thorax and legs were the most suitable specimens, independently of homogenization method or species. Although the manual homogenization methods were associated with a high rate of identification on the three body parts, this homogenization mode is not adaptable to the processing of a large number of samples. Therefore, the automatic homogenization procedure was selected as the reference homogenization method. Blood-feeding status did not hamper the identification of mosquito species, despite the presence of MS peaks from original blood in the MS profiles of the three body parts tested from both species. Finally, a significant improvement in identification scores was obtained for field-collected specimens when MS spectra of species from the same geographical area were added to the database. Conclusion The results of the current study establish guidelines for the selection of mosquito anatomic parts and modality of sample preparation (e.g. homogenization) for future specimen identification by MALDI-TOF MS profiling. These standardized operational protocols could be used as references for creating an international MS database. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13071-022-05361-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland Bamou
- Aix-Marseille Univ., IRD, SSA, AP-HM, VITROME, Marseille, France.,IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Monique Melo Costa
- Aix-Marseille Univ., IRD, SSA, AP-HM, VITROME, Marseille, France.,IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France.,Unité Parasitologie et Entomologie, Département Microbiologie et Maladies Infectieuses, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Marseille, France
| | - Adama Zan Diarra
- Aix-Marseille Univ., IRD, SSA, AP-HM, VITROME, Marseille, France.,IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Ademir Jesus Martins
- Laboratório de Fisiologia e Controle de Artrópodes Vetores, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.,Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular (INCT-EM), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.,Laboratório Misto Internacional "Sentinela", FIOCRUZ, IRD, Universidade de Brasília (UnB), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Philippe Parola
- Aix-Marseille Univ., IRD, SSA, AP-HM, VITROME, Marseille, France.,IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Lionel Almeras
- Aix-Marseille Univ., IRD, SSA, AP-HM, VITROME, Marseille, France. .,IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France. .,Unité Parasitologie et Entomologie, Département Microbiologie et Maladies Infectieuses, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Marseille, France.
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15
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Artificial Intelligence and Malaria. Artif Intell Med 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-64573-1_273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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16
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Hamlili FZ, Bérenger JM, Diarra AZ, Parola P. Molecular and MALDI-TOF MS identification of swallow bugs Cimex hirundinis (Heteroptera: Cimicidae) and endosymbionts in France. Parasit Vectors 2021; 14:587. [PMID: 34838119 PMCID: PMC8627032 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-021-05073-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The Cimicidae are obligatory blood-feeding ectoparasites of medical and veterinary importance. We aim in the current study to assess the ability of MALDI-TOF MS to identify Cimex hirundinis swallow bugs collected in house martin nests. Methods Swallow bugs were picked out from abandoned nests of house martin swallows and identified morphologically to the species level. The bugs were randomly selected, dissected and then subjected to MALDI-TOF MS and molecular analyses. Results A total of 65 adults and 50 nymphs were used in the attempt to determine whether this tool could identify the bug species and discriminate their developmental stages. Five adults and four nymphs of C. hirundinis specimens were molecularly identified to update our MS homemade arthropod database. BLAST analysis of COI gene sequences from these C. hirundinis revealed 98.66–99.12% identity with the corresponding sequences of C. hirundinis of the GenBank. The blind test against the database supplemented with MS reference spectra showed 100% (57/57) C. hirundinis adults and 100% (46/46) C. hirundinis nymphs were reliably identified and in agreement with morphological identification with logarithmic score values between 1.922 and 2.665. Ninety-nine percent of C. hirundinis specimens tested were positive for Wolbachia spp. The sequencing results revealed that they were identical to Wolbachia massiliensis, belonging to the new T-supergroup strain and previously isolated from C. hemipterus. Conclusions We report for the first time to our knowledge a case of human infestation by swallow bugs (C. hirundinis) in France. We also show the usefulness of MALDI-TOF MS in the rapid identification of C. hirundinis specimens and nymphs with minimal sample requirements. We phylogenetically characterized the novel Wolbachia strain (W. massiliensis) infecting C. hirundinis and compared it to other recognized Wolbachia clades. Graphical Abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13071-021-05073-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Zohra Hamlili
- IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France.,Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, Marseille, France
| | - Jean-Michel Bérenger
- IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France.,Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, Marseille, France
| | - Adama Zan Diarra
- IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France.,Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, Marseille, France
| | - Philippe Parola
- IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France. .,Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, Marseille, France.
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Paulus E, Brix S, Siebert A, Martínez Arbizu P, Rossel S, Peters J, Svavarsson J, Schwentner M. Recent speciation and hybridization in Icelandic deep-sea isopods: An integrative approach using genomics and proteomics. Mol Ecol 2021; 31:313-330. [PMID: 34676606 DOI: 10.1111/mec.16234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The crustacean marine isopod species Haploniscus bicuspis (Sars, 1877) shows circum-Icelandic distribution in a wide range of environmental conditions and along well-known geographic barriers, such as the Greenland-Iceland-Faroe (GIF) Ridge. We wanted to explore population genetics, phylogeography and cryptic speciation as well as investigate whether previously described, but unaccepted subspecies have any merit. Using the same set of specimens, we combined mitochondrial COI sequences, thousands of nuclear loci (ddRAD), and proteomic profiles, plus selected morphological characters using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Five divergent genetic lineages were identified by COI and ddRAD, two south and three north of the GIF Ridge. Assignment of populations to the three northern lineages varied and detailed analyses revealed hybridization and gene flow between them, suggesting a single northern species with a complex phylogeographic history. No apparent hybridization was observed among lineages south of the GIF Ridge, inferring the existence of two more species. Differences in proteomic profiles between the three putative species were minimal, implying an ongoing or recent speciation process. Population differentiation was high, even among closely associated populations, and higher in mitochondrial COI than nuclear ddRAD loci. Gene flow is apparently male-biased, leading to hybrid zones and instances of complete exchange of the local nuclear genome through immigrating males. This study did not confirm the existence of subspecies defined by male characters, which probably instead refer to different male developmental stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Paulus
- University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Senckenberg am Meer, German Centre for Marine Biodiversity Research (DZMB), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Saskia Brix
- Senckenberg am Meer, German Centre for Marine Biodiversity Research (DZMB), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Annabelle Siebert
- Senckenberg am Meer, German Centre for Marine Biodiversity Research (DZMB), Hamburg, Germany.,Center of Natural History (CeNak), Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Pedro Martínez Arbizu
- Senckenberg am Meer, German Centre for Marine Biodiversity Research (DZMB), Wilhelmshaven, Germany
| | - Sven Rossel
- Senckenberg am Meer, German Centre for Marine Biodiversity Research (DZMB), Wilhelmshaven, Germany
| | - Janna Peters
- Senckenberg am Meer, German Centre for Marine Biodiversity Research (DZMB), Wilhelmshaven, Germany
| | - Jörundur Svavarsson
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Martin Schwentner
- Center of Natural History (CeNak), Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.,Naturhistorisches Museum Wien, Vienna, Austria
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Sousa-Paula LCD, Pessoa FAC, Otranto D, Dantas-Torres F. Beyond taxonomy: species complexes in New World phlebotomine sand flies. MEDICAL AND VETERINARY ENTOMOLOGY 2021; 35:267-283. [PMID: 33480064 DOI: 10.1111/mve.12510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A species complex (= species group, species series) is an assemblage of species, which are related morphologically and phylogenetically. Recent research has revealed several arthropod vector species that were believed to be a single nominal species actually representing a group of closely related species, which are sometimes morphologically indistinguishable at one or more developmental stages. In some instances, differences in terms of vector competence, capacity, or both have been recorded. It highlights the importance of detecting and studying species complexes to improve our understanding of pathogen transmission patterns, which may be vectored more or less efficiently by different species within the complex. Considering more than 540 species, about one-third of the phlebotomine sand flies in the New World present males and/or females morphologically indistinguishable to one or more species. Remarkably, several of these species may act in transmission of pathogenic agents. In this article, we review recent research on species complexes in phlebotomine sand flies from the Americas. Possible practical implications of recently acquired knowledge and future research needs are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- L C de Sousa-Paula
- Laboratory of Immunoparasitology, Department of Immunology, Aggeu Magalhães Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - F A C Pessoa
- Laboratório de Ecologia e Doenças Transmissíveis na Amazônia, Leônidas e Maria Deane Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - D Otranto
- Parasitology Unit, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano, Italy
| | - F Dantas-Torres
- Laboratory of Immunoparasitology, Department of Immunology, Aggeu Magalhães Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
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Hamlili FZ, Thiam F, Laroche M, Diarra AZ, Doucouré S, Gaye PM, Fall CB, Faye B, Sokhna C, Sow D, Parola P. MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry for the identification of freshwater snails from Senegal, including intermediate hosts of schistosomes. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2021; 15:e0009725. [PMID: 34516582 PMCID: PMC8489727 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Freshwater snails of the genera Biomphalaria, Bulinus, and Oncomelania are intermediate hosts of schistosomes that cause human schistosomiasis, one of the most significant infectious neglected diseases in the world. Identification of freshwater snails is usually based on morphology and potentially DNA-based methods, but these have many drawbacks that hamper their use. MALDI-TOF MS has revolutionised clinical microbiology and has emerged in the medical entomology field. This study aims to evaluate MALDI-TOF MS profiling for the identification of both frozen and ethanol-stored snail species using protein extracts from different body parts. A total of 530 field specimens belonging to nine species (Biomphalaria pfeifferi, Bulinus forskalii, Bulinus senegalensis, Bulinus truncatus, Bulinus globosus, Bellamya unicolor, Cleopatra bulimoides, Lymnaea natalensis, Melanoides tuberculata) and 89 laboratory-reared specimens, including three species (Bi. pfeifferi, Bu. forskalii, Bu. truncatus) were used for this study. For frozen snails, the feet of 127 field and 74 laboratory-reared specimens were used to validate the optimised MALDI-TOF MS protocol. The spectral analysis yielded intra-species reproducibility and inter-species specificity which resulted in the correct identification of all the specimens in blind queries, with log-score values greater than 1.7. In a second step, we demonstrated that MALDI-TOF MS could also be used to identify ethanol-stored snails using proteins extracted from the foot using a specific database including a large number of ethanol preserved specimens. This study shows for the first time that MALDI-TOF MS is a reliable tool for the rapid identification of frozen and ethanol-stored freshwater snails without any malacological expertise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Zohra Hamlili
- IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, Marseille, France
| | - Fatou Thiam
- VITROME, Campus International IRD-UCAD de l’IRD, Dakar, Senegal
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Helminthologie, Département de Biologie Animale, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, UCAD, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Maureen Laroche
- IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, Marseille, France
| | - Adama Zan Diarra
- IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, Marseille, France
| | | | - Papa Mouhamadou Gaye
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, Marseille, France
- VITROME, Campus International IRD-UCAD de l’IRD, Dakar, Senegal
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Helminthologie, Département de Biologie Animale, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, UCAD, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Cheikh Binetou Fall
- Service de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Faculté de médecine, Université Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Babacar Faye
- Service de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Faculté de médecine, Université Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Cheikh Sokhna
- IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, Marseille, France
- VITROME, Campus International IRD-UCAD de l’IRD, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Doudou Sow
- VITROME, Campus International IRD-UCAD de l’IRD, Dakar, Senegal
- Service de Parasitologie-Mycologie, UFR Sciences de la Santé, Université Gaston Berger de Saint Louis, Senegal
| | - Philippe Parola
- IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, Marseille, France
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Benyahia H, Ouarti B, Diarra AZ, Boucheikhchoukh M, Meguini MN, Behidji M, Benakhla A, Parola P, Almeras L. Identification of Lice Stored in Alcohol Using MALDI-TOF MS. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2021; 58:1126-1133. [PMID: 33346344 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjaa266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Lice pose major public and veterinary health problems with economic consequences. Their identification is essential and requires the development of an innovative strategy. MALDI-TOF MS has recently been proposed as a quick, inexpensive, and accurate tool for the identification of arthropods. Alcohol is one of the most frequently used storage methods and makes it possible to store samples for long periods at room temperature. Several recent studies have reported that alcohol alters protein profiles resulting from MS analysis. After preliminary studies on frozen lice, the purpose of this research was to evaluate the influence of alcohol preservation on the accuracy of lice identification by MALDI-TOF MS. To this end, lice stored in alcohol for variable periods were submitted for MS analysis and sample preparation protocols were optimized. The reproducibility and specificity of the MS spectra obtained on both these arthropod families allowed us to implement the reference MS spectra database (DB) with protein profiles of seven lice species stored in alcohol. Blind tests revealed a correct identification of 93.9% of Pediculus humanus corporis (Linnaeus, 1758) and 98.4% of the other lice species collected in the field. This study demonstrated that MALDI-TOF MS could be successfully used for the identification of lice stored in alcohol for different lengths of time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanene Benyahia
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, SSA, AP-HM, VITROME, Marseille, France
- IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Basma Ouarti
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, SSA, AP-HM, VITROME, Marseille, France
- IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Adama Zan Diarra
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, SSA, AP-HM, VITROME, Marseille, France
- IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Mehdi Boucheikhchoukh
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Chadli Bendjedid University, El-Tarf, 36000, Algeria
| | - Mohamed Nadir Meguini
- Institute of Veterinary and Agronomic Sciences, Mohamed Cherif Messaadia University, Souk-Ahras, Algeria
| | - Makhlouf Behidji
- Institute of Veterinary and Agronomic Sciences, Mohamed Cherif Messaadia University, Souk-Ahras, Algeria
| | - Ahmed Benakhla
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Chadli Bendjedid University, El-Tarf, 36000, Algeria
| | - Philippe Parola
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, SSA, AP-HM, VITROME, Marseille, France
- IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Lionel Almeras
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, SSA, AP-HM, VITROME, Marseille, France
- IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
- Unité Parasitologie et Entomologie, Département Microbiologie et Maladies Infectieuses, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, 19-21 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13005 Marseille, France
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21
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Sevestre J, Diarra AZ, Laroche M, Almeras L, Parola P. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry: an emerging tool for studying the vectors of human infectious diseases. Future Microbiol 2021; 16:323-340. [PMID: 33733821 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2020-0145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Arthropod vectors have historically been identified morphologically, and more recently using molecular biology methods. However, both of these methods are time-consuming and require specific expertise and equipment. Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry, which has revolutionized the routine identification of microorganisms in clinical microbiology laboratories, was recently successfully applied to the identification of arthropod vectors. Since then, the robustness of this identification technique has been confirmed, extended to a large panel of arthropod vectors, and assessed for detecting blood feeding behavior and identifying the infection status in regard to certain pathogenic agents. In this study, we summarize the state-of-the-art of matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry applied to the identification of arthropod vectors (ticks, mosquitoes, phlebotomine sand-flies, fleas, triatomines, lice and Culicoides), their trophic preferences and their ability to discriminate between infection statuses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacques Sevestre
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, 19-21 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13005, Marseille, France.,Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, Marseille, France
| | - Adama Z Diarra
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, 19-21 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13005, Marseille, France.,Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, Marseille, France
| | - Maureen Laroche
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, 19-21 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13005, Marseille, France
| | - Lionel Almeras
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, 19-21 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13005, Marseille, France.,Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, Marseille, France.,Département Microbiologie et Maladies Infectieuses, Unité Parasitologie et Entomologie, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, 19-21 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13005, Marseille, France
| | - Philippe Parola
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, 19-21 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13005, Marseille, France.,Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, Marseille, France
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22
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Dada N, Jupatanakul N, Minard G, Short SM, Akorli J, Villegas LM. Considerations for mosquito microbiome research from the Mosquito Microbiome Consortium. MICROBIOME 2021; 9:36. [PMID: 33522965 PMCID: PMC7849159 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-020-00987-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
In the past decade, there has been increasing interest in mosquito microbiome research, leading to large amounts of data on different mosquito species, with various underlying physiological characteristics, and from diverse geographical locations. However, guidelines and standardized methods for conducting mosquito microbiome research are lacking. To streamline methods in mosquito microbiome research and optimize data quality, reproducibility, and comparability, as well as facilitate data curation in a centralized location, we are establishing the Mosquito Microbiome Consortium, a collaborative initiative for the advancement of mosquito microbiome research. Our overall goal is to collectively work on unraveling the role of the mosquito microbiome in mosquito biology, while critically evaluating its potential for mosquito-borne disease control. This perspective serves to introduce the consortium and invite broader participation. It highlights the issues we view as most pressing to the community and proposes guidelines for conducting mosquito microbiome research. We focus on four broad areas in this piece: (1) sampling/experimental design for field, semi-field, or laboratory studies; (2) metadata collection; (3) sample processing, sequencing, and use of appropriate controls; and (4) data handling and analysis. We finally summarize current challenges and highlight future directions in mosquito microbiome research. We hope that this piece will spark discussions around this area of disease vector biology, as well as encourage careful considerations in the design and implementation of mosquito microbiome research. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nsa Dada
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway.
| | - Natapong Jupatanakul
- Protein-Ligand Engineering and Molecular Biology Research Team, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Khlong Neung, Thailand
| | - Guillaume Minard
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR Ecologie Microbienne, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Sarah M Short
- Department of Entomology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, USA
| | - Jewelna Akorli
- Department of Parasitology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
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Bartilol B, Omedo I, Mbogo C, Mwangangi J, Rono MK. Bionomics and ecology of Anopheles merus along the East and Southern Africa coast. Parasit Vectors 2021; 14:84. [PMID: 33509262 PMCID: PMC7842043 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-021-04582-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Malaria transmission persists despite the scale-up of interventions such as long-lasting insecticide-treated nets (LLINs) and indoor residual spraying (IRS). Understanding the entomological drivers of transmission is key for the design of effective and sustainable tools to address the challenge. Recent research findings indicate a shift in vector populations from the notorious Anopheles gambiae (s.s.) as a dominant vector to other species as one of the factors contributing to the persistence of malaria transmission. However, there are gaps in the literature regarding the minor vector species which are increasingly taking a lead role in malaria transmission. Currently, minor malaria vectors have behavioural plasticity, which allows their evasion of vector control tools currently in use. To address this, we have reviewed the role of Anopheles merus, a saltwater mosquito species that is becoming an important vector of malaria transmission along the East and Southern African coast. We performed a literature review from PubMed and Google Scholar and reviewed over 50 publications relating to An. merus's bionomics, taxonomy, spatial-temporal distribution and role in malaria transmission. We found that An. merus is an important vector of malaria and that it contributes to residual malaria transmission because of its exophilic tendencies, insecticide resistance and densities that peak during the dry seasons as the freshwater mosquitoes decline. Spatial and temporal studies have also shown that this species has increased its geographical range, densities and vectorial capacity over time. In this review, we highlight the resting behaviour and breeding habitats of this mosquito, which could be targeted for surveillance studies and control interventions. ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Bartilol
- Kenya Medical Research Institute, Centre for Geographic Medicine Research-Coast, Kilifi, Kenya. .,Pwani University Bioscience Research Centre (PUBReC), Pwani University, Kilifi, Kenya.
| | - Irene Omedo
- Kenya Medical Research Institute, Centre for Geographic Medicine Research-Coast, Kilifi, Kenya.,Big Data Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Charles Mbogo
- Kenya Medical Research Institute, Centre for Geographic Medicine Research-Coast, Kilifi, Kenya
| | - Joseph Mwangangi
- Kenya Medical Research Institute, Centre for Geographic Medicine Research-Coast, Kilifi, Kenya.,Kenya Medical Research Institute, Centre for Vector Disease Control, Kwale, Kenya
| | - Martin K Rono
- Kenya Medical Research Institute, Centre for Geographic Medicine Research-Coast, Kilifi, Kenya. .,Pwani University Bioscience Research Centre (PUBReC), Pwani University, Kilifi, Kenya.
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New assessment of Anopheles vector species identification using MALDI-TOF MS. Malar J 2021; 20:33. [PMID: 33422056 PMCID: PMC7796594 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-020-03557-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Anopheles species identification is essential for an effective malaria vector control programme. Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry (MS) has been developed to identify adult Anopheles species, using the legs or the cephalothorax. The protein repertoire from arthropods can vary according to compartment, but there is no general consensus regarding the anatomic part to be used. Methods To determine the body part of the Anopheles mosquitoes best suited for the identification of field specimens, a mass spectral library was generated with head, thorax with wings and legs of Anopheles gambiae, Anopheles arabiensis and Anopheles funestus obtained from reference centres. The MSL was evaluated using two independent panels of 52 and 40 An. gambiae field-collected in Mali and Guinea, respectively. Geographic variability was also tested using the panel from Mali and several databases containing added specimens from Mali and Senegal. Results Using the head and a database without specimens from the same field collection, the proportion of interpretable and correct identifications was significantly higher than using the other body parts at a threshold value of 1.7 (p < 0.0001). The thorax of engorged specimens was negatively impacted by the blood meal after frozen storage. The addition of specimens from Mali into the database significantly improved the results of Mali panel (p < 0.0001), which became comparable between head and legs. With higher identification scores, the using of the head will allow to decrease the number of technical replicates of protein extract per specimen, which represents a significant improvement for routine use of MALDI-TOF MS. Conclusions The using of the head of Anopheles may improve the performance of MALDI-TOF MS. Region-specific mass spectrum databases will have to be produced. Further research is needed to improve the standardization in order to share online spectral databases.
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25
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An integrative approach to identify sand fly vectors of leishmaniasis in Ethiopia by morphological and molecular techniques. Parasit Vectors 2020; 13:580. [PMID: 33203446 PMCID: PMC7672994 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-020-04450-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ethiopia is affected by human leishmaniasis caused by several Leishmania species and transmitted by a variety of sand fly vectors of the genus Phlebotomus. The sand fly fauna in Ethiopia is highly diverse and some species are closely related and similar in morphology, resulting in difficulties with species identification that requires deployment of molecular techniques. DNA barcoding entails high costs, requires time and lacks reference sequences for many Ethiopian species. Yet, proper species identification is pivotal for epidemiological surveillance as species differ in their actual involvement in transmission cycles. Recently, protein profiling using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry has been introduced as a promising technique for sand fly identification. Methods In our study, we used an integrative taxonomic approach to identify most of the important sand fly vectors of leishmaniasis in Ethiopia, applying three complementary methods: morphological assessment, sequencing analysis of two genetic markers, and MALDI-TOF MS protein profiling. Results Although morphological assessment resulted in some inconclusive identifications, both DNA- and protein-based techniques performed well, providing a similar hierarchical clustering pattern for the analyzed species. Both methods generated species-specific sequences or protein patterns for all species except for Phlebotomus pedifer and P. longipes, the two presumed vectors of Leishmania aethiopica, suggesting that they may represent a single species, P. longipes Parrot & Martin. All three approaches also revealed that the collected specimens of Adlerius sp. differ from P. (Adlerius) arabicus, the only species of Adlerius currently reported in Ethiopia, and molecular comparisons indicate that it may represent a yet undescribed new species. Conclusions Our study uses three complementary taxonomical methods for species identification of taxonomically challenging and yet medically import Ethiopian sand flies. The generated MALDI-TOF MS protein profiles resulted in unambiguous identifications, hence showing suitability of this technique for sand fly species identification. Furthermore, our results contribute to the still inadequate knowledge of the sand fly fauna of Ethiopia, a country severely burdened with human leishmaniasis.![]()
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26
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Gittens RA, Almanza A, Bennett KL, Mejía LC, Sanchez-Galan JE, Merchan F, Kern J, Miller MJ, Esser HJ, Hwang R, Dong M, De León LF, Álvarez E, Loaiza JR. Proteomic fingerprinting of Neotropical hard tick species (Acari: Ixodidae) using a self-curated mass spectra reference library. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2020; 14:e0008849. [PMID: 33108372 PMCID: PMC7647123 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0008849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) time-of-flight mass spectrometry is an analytical method that detects macromolecules that can be used for proteomic fingerprinting and taxonomic identification in arthropods. The conventional MALDI approach uses fresh laboratory-reared arthropod specimens to build a reference mass spectra library with high-quality standards required to achieve reliable identification. However, this may not be possible to accomplish in some arthropod groups that are difficult to rear under laboratory conditions, or for which only alcohol preserved samples are available. Here, we generated MALDI mass spectra of highly abundant proteins from the legs of 18 Neotropical species of adult field-collected hard ticks, several of which had not been analyzed by mass spectrometry before. We then used their mass spectra as fingerprints to identify each tick species by applying machine learning and pattern recognition algorithms that combined unsupervised and supervised clustering approaches. Both Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) classification algorithms were able to identify spectra from different tick species, with LDA achieving the best performance when applied to field-collected specimens that did have an existing entry in a reference library of arthropod protein spectra. These findings contribute to the growing literature that ascertains mass spectrometry as a rapid and effective method to complement other well-established techniques for taxonomic identification of disease vectors, which is the first step to predict and manage arthropod-borne pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rolando A. Gittens
- Centro de Biodiversidad y Descubrimiento de Drogas, Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología (INDICASAT AIP), Panama, Republic of Panama
- Centro de Neurociencias, INDICASAT AIP, Panama, Republic of Panama
| | - Alejandro Almanza
- Centro de Biodiversidad y Descubrimiento de Drogas, Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología (INDICASAT AIP), Panama, Republic of Panama
| | - Kelly L. Bennett
- Centro de Biodiversidad y Descubrimiento de Drogas, Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología (INDICASAT AIP), Panama, Republic of Panama
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama, Republic of Panama
| | - Luis C. Mejía
- Centro de Biodiversidad y Descubrimiento de Drogas, Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología (INDICASAT AIP), Panama, Republic of Panama
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama, Republic of Panama
| | - Javier E. Sanchez-Galan
- Centro de Biodiversidad y Descubrimiento de Drogas, Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología (INDICASAT AIP), Panama, Republic of Panama
- Grupo de Investigación en Biotecnología, Bioinformática y Biología de Sistemas, Facultad de Ingeniería de Sistemas Computacionales, Universidad Tecnológica de Panamá, Panama, Republic of Panama
| | - Fernando Merchan
- Grupo de Investigación en Sistemas de Comunicaciones Digitales Avanzados, Facultad de Ingeniería Eléctrica, Universidad Tecnológica de Panamá, Panama, Republic of Panama
| | - Jonathan Kern
- Grupo de Investigación en Sistemas de Comunicaciones Digitales Avanzados, Facultad de Ingeniería Eléctrica, Universidad Tecnológica de Panamá, Panama, Republic of Panama
- ENSEIRB-MATMECA–Bordeaux INP, France
| | - Matthew J. Miller
- Department of Anthropology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States of America
- University of Alaska Museum, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, United States of America
| | - Helen J. Esser
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Robert Hwang
- Department of Biology, Swarthmore College, Swarthmore, PA, United States of America
| | - May Dong
- Department of Biology, Swarthmore College, Swarthmore, PA, United States of America
| | - Luis F. De León
- Centro de Biodiversidad y Descubrimiento de Drogas, Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología (INDICASAT AIP), Panama, Republic of Panama
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Eric Álvarez
- Programa Centroamericano de Maestría en Entomología, Universidad de Panamá, Panama, Republic of Panama
| | - Jose R. Loaiza
- Centro de Biodiversidad y Descubrimiento de Drogas, Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología (INDICASAT AIP), Panama, Republic of Panama
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama, Republic of Panama
- Programa Centroamericano de Maestría en Entomología, Universidad de Panamá, Panama, Republic of Panama
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Müller P, Engeler L, Vavassori L, Suter T, Guidi V, Gschwind M, Tonolla M, Flacio E. Surveillance of invasive Aedes mosquitoes along Swiss traffic axes reveals different dispersal modes for Aedes albopictus and Ae. japonicus. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2020; 14:e0008705. [PMID: 32986704 PMCID: PMC7544034 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0008705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past three decades, Europe has witnessed an increased spread of invasive aedine mosquito species, most notably Aedes albopictus, a key vector of chikungunya, dengue and Zika virus. While its distribution in southern Europe is well documented, its dispersal modes across the Alps remain poorly investigated, preventing a projection of future scenarios beyond its current range in order to target mosquito control. To monitor the presence and frequency of invasive Aedes mosquitoes across and beyond the Alps we set oviposition and BG-Sentinel traps at potential points of entry with a focus on motorway service areas across Switzerland. We placed the traps from June to September and controlled them for the presence of mosquitoes every other week between 2013 and 2018. Over the six years of surveillance we identified three invasive Aedes species, including Ae. albopictus, Ae. japonicus and Ae. koreicus. Based on the frequency and distribution patterns we conclude that Ae. albopictus and Ae. koreicus are being passively spread primarily along the European route E35 from Italy to Germany, crossing the Alps, while Ae. japonicus has been expanding its range from northern Switzerland across the country most likely through active dispersal. Because of global trade of used tyres and ornamental plants, invasive mosquitoes of the genus Aedes are spreading passively between continents. Within continents, adults are frequently travelling along roads as hitchhikers in motorised vehicles and may then colonise new areas. Because some Aedes mosquitoes are competent to transmit diseases they threaten public and veterinary health. In Europe, the Asian tiger mosquito, Aedes albopictus is of particular concern as it is a vector of chikungunya, dengue and Zika virus. While its distribution in southern Europe is well documented, its dispersal modes across the Alps remain poorly investigated, preventing a projection of future scenarios beyond its current range in order to target mosquito control. To monitor the introduction of invasive Aedes mosquitoes beyond the Alps we placed traps at motorway service areas across Switzerland. Between 2013 and 2018 we identified three invasive Aedes species, including Ae. albopictus, Ae. koreicus (Korean bush mosquito) and Ae. japonicus (Japanese bush mosquito). Based on the frequency and distribution patterns we conclude that Ae. albopictus and Ae. koreicus are being passively spread primarily along the European route E35 from Italy to Germany, while Ae. japonicus has been expanding its range across Switzerland mainly through active dispersal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pie Müller
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Socinstrasse, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Petersplatz, Basel, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
| | - Lukas Engeler
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Laura Vavassori
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Socinstrasse, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Petersplatz, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Tobias Suter
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Socinstrasse, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Petersplatz, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Valeria Guidi
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Martin Gschwind
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Socinstrasse, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Petersplatz, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Mauro Tonolla
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Eleonora Flacio
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland, Bellinzona, Switzerland
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Wilke T, Renz J, Hauffe T, Delicado D, Peters J. Proteomic Fingerprinting Discriminates Cryptic Gastropod Species. MALACOLOGIA 2020. [DOI: 10.4002/040.063.0113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Wilke
- Department of Animal Ecology and Systematics, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26 (IFZ), D-35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Jasmin Renz
- Senckenberg Research Institute, German Center for Marine Biodiversity Research (DZMB), Südstrand 44, D-26382 Wilhelmshaven, Germany
| | - Torsten Hauffe
- Department of Animal Ecology and Systematics, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26 (IFZ), D-35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Diana Delicado
- Department of Animal Ecology and Systematics, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26 (IFZ), D-35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Janna Peters
- Senckenberg Research Institute, German Center for Marine Biodiversity Research (DZMB), Südstrand 44, D-26382 Wilhelmshaven, Germany
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Kamber T, Koekemoer LL, Mathis A. Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assays for Anopheles funestus group and Anopheles gambiae complex species. MEDICAL AND VETERINARY ENTOMOLOGY 2020; 34:295-301. [PMID: 32154608 DOI: 10.1111/mve.12437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Species of the genus Anopheles vary with regard to their vector capacity for Plasmodium spp., the causative agent of malaria, and their accurate identification is often required. Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) is a rapid, simple and low-cost method for specific DNA amplification. Primers for LAMP assays specific for the Anopheles funestus group and Anopheles gambiae complex species as well as for the species Anopheles arabiensis, An. funestus, An. gambiae s.s/Anopheles coluzzii (major vectors) and Anopheles rivulorum (minor vector) were designed targeting specific genome or rDNA internal transcribed spacer regions. Reaction conditions (buffer composition, primer concentrations, incubation time) were evaluated and the specificities of the assays confirmed with DNA from non-target Anopheles species. DNA release from the mosquitoes is achieved simply by heating them for 5 min in water. An aliquot of the DNA solutions is transferred to the reaction tube using disposable inoculation loops. The outcome of the LAMP amplifications after 1 h incubation at 65 °C can easily be visualized by a colour change visible to the naked eye. The assays are operable under field conditions requiring only basic equipment (portable heat block programmable at 65 and 80 °C, cooler for master mixes).
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Affiliation(s)
- T Kamber
- Institute of Parasitology, National Centre for Vector Entomology, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - L L Koekemoer
- Wits Research Institute for Malaria, SAMRC Collaborating Centre for Multidisciplinary Research on Malaria, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Centre for Emerging Zoonotic and Parasitic Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - A Mathis
- Institute of Parasitology, National Centre for Vector Entomology, Zürich, Switzerland
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Briolant S, Costa MM, Nguyen C, Dusfour I, Pommier de Santi V, Girod R, Almeras L. Identification of French Guiana anopheline mosquitoes by MALDI-TOF MS profiling using protein signatures from two body parts. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0234098. [PMID: 32817616 PMCID: PMC7444543 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0234098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
In French Guiana, the malaria, a parasitic infection transmitted by Anopheline mosquitoes, remains a disease of public health importance. To prevent malaria transmission, the main effective way remains Anopheles control. For an effective control, accurate Anopheles species identification is indispensable to distinguish malaria vectors from non-vectors. Although, morphological and molecular methods are largely used, an innovative tool, based on protein pattern comparisons, the Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption / Ionization Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) profiling, emerged this last decade for arthropod identification. However, the limited mosquito fauna diversity of reference MS spectra remains one of the main drawback for its large usage. The aim of the present study was then to create and to share reference MS spectra for the identification of French Guiana Anopheline species. A total of eight distinct Anopheles species, among which four are malaria vectors, were collected in 6 areas. To improve Anopheles identification, two body parts, legs and thoraxes, were independently submitted to MS for the creation of respective reference MS spectra database (DB). This study underlined that double checking by MS enhanced the Anopheles identification confidence and rate of reliable classification. The sharing of this reference MS spectra DB should make easier Anopheles species monitoring in endemic malaria area to help malaria vector control or elimination programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Briolant
- Unité de Parasitologie et Entomologie, Département de Microbiologie et Maladies Infectieuses, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Marseille, France
- Aix Marseille Université, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, UMR Vecteurs–Infections Tropicales et Méditerranéennes (VITROME), IHU—Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Monique Melo Costa
- Unité de Parasitologie et Entomologie, Département de Microbiologie et Maladies Infectieuses, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Marseille, France
- Aix Marseille Université, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, UMR Vecteurs–Infections Tropicales et Méditerranéennes (VITROME), IHU—Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Christophe Nguyen
- Unité de Parasitologie et Entomologie, Département de Microbiologie et Maladies Infectieuses, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Marseille, France
- Aix Marseille Université, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, UMR Vecteurs–Infections Tropicales et Méditerranéennes (VITROME), IHU—Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Isabelle Dusfour
- Unite d’Entomologie Médicale, Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | | | - Romain Girod
- Unite d’Entomologie Médicale, Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Cayenne, French Guiana
- Medical Entomology Unit, Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | - Lionel Almeras
- Unité de Parasitologie et Entomologie, Département de Microbiologie et Maladies Infectieuses, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Marseille, France
- Aix Marseille Université, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, UMR Vecteurs–Infections Tropicales et Méditerranéennes (VITROME), IHU—Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
- * E-mail:
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Sroute L, Byrd BD, Huffman SW. Classification of Mosquitoes with Infrared Spectroscopy and Partial Least Squares-Discriminant Analysis. APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY 2020; 74:900-912. [PMID: 32762360 DOI: 10.1177/0003702820915729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Mosquito-borne diseases are responsible for considerable morbidity and mortality globally. Given the absence of effective vaccines for most arthropod-borne viruses, mosquito control efforts remain the dominant method of disease prevention. Ideal control efforts begin with entomologic surveillance in order to determine the abundance, identity, and infection status of pathogen-vectoring mosquito populations. Traditionally, much of the surveillance work involves morphological species identification by trained entomologists. Limited operational funding and lack of specialized training is a known barrier to surveillance and effective control efforts for many operational mosquito control personnel. Therefore, there is a need for surveillance workflow improvements and rapid mosquito identification methods. Herein, is presented a proof of concept study in which infrared spectroscopy coupled with partial least squares-discriminant analysis was explored as a means of automatically classifying mosquitoes at the species level. The developed method resulted in greater than 94% accuracy for four mosquitoes of public health relevance: Aedes aegypti, Aedes albopictus, Aedes japonicus, and Aedes triseriatus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lamyae Sroute
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Western Carolina University, Cullowhee, USA
| | - Brian D Byrd
- School of Health Sciences, Western Carolina University, Cullowhee, USA
| | - Scott W Huffman
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Western Carolina University, Cullowhee, USA
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Rakotonirina A, Pol M, Kainiu M, Barsac E, Tutagata J, Kilama S, O'Connor O, Tarantola A, Colot J, Dupont-Rouzeyrol M, Richard V, Pocquet N. MALDI-TOF MS: optimization for future uses in entomological surveillance and identification of mosquitoes from New Caledonia. Parasit Vectors 2020; 13:359. [PMID: 32690083 PMCID: PMC7372833 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-020-04234-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mosquito vectors cause a significant human public health burden through the transmission of pathogens. Due to the expansion of international travel and trade, the dispersal of these mosquito vectors and the pathogens they carry is on the rise. Entomological surveillance is therefore required which relies on accurate mosquito species identification. This study aimed to optimize the use of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) for mosquito identification. Methods Aedes aegypti of the Bora-Bora strain and 11 field-sampled mosquito species were used in this study. Analyses were performed to study the impact of the trapping duration on mosquito identification with MALDI-TOF MS. The best preservation methods to use for short, medium and long-term preservation before MALDI-TOF MS analysis were also assessed. In addition, the number of specimens per species required for MALDI-TOF MS database creation was determined. The first MALDI-TOF database of New Caledonian mosquitoes was assembled and the optimal threshold for mosquito species identification according to the sensitivity and specificity of this technique was determined. Results This study showed that the identification scores decreased as the trapping duration increased. High identification scores were obtained for mosquitoes preserved on silica gel and cotton at room temperature and those frozen at − 20 °C, even after two months of preservation. In addition, the results showed that the scores increased according to the number of main spectrum patterns (MSPs) used until they reached a plateau at 5 MSPs for Ae. aegypti. Mosquitoes (n = 67) belonging to 11 species were used to create the MALDI-TOF reference database. During blind test analysis, 96% of mosquitoes tested (n = 224) were correctly identified. Finally, based on MALDI-TOF MS sensitivity and specificity, the threshold value of 1.8 was retained for a secure identification score. Conclusions MALDI-TOF MS allows accurate species identification with high sensitivity and specificity and is a promising tool in public health for mosquito vector surveillance.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Antsa Rakotonirina
- Institut Pasteur de Nouvelle-Calédonie, URE-Entomologie Médicale, Nouméa, 98845, New Caledonia.
| | - Morgane Pol
- Institut Pasteur de Nouvelle-Calédonie, URE-Entomologie Médicale, Nouméa, 98845, New Caledonia
| | - Malia Kainiu
- Institut Pasteur de Nouvelle-Calédonie, Groupe de Recherche en Bactériologie Expérimentale, Nouméa, 98845, New Caledonia
| | - Emilie Barsac
- Institut Pasteur de Nouvelle-Calédonie, Groupe de Recherche en Bactériologie Expérimentale, Nouméa, 98845, New Caledonia
| | - Jordan Tutagata
- Institut Pasteur de Nouvelle-Calédonie, URE-Entomologie Médicale, Nouméa, 98845, New Caledonia
| | - Sosiasi Kilama
- Institut Pasteur de Nouvelle-Calédonie, URE-Entomologie Médicale, Nouméa, 98845, New Caledonia
| | - Olivia O'Connor
- Institut Pasteur de Nouvelle-Calédonie, URE-Dengue et autres Arboviroses, Nouméa, 98845, New Caledonia
| | - Arnaud Tarantola
- Institut Pasteur de Nouvelle-Calédonie, URE-Epidémiologie, Nouméa, 98845, New Caledonia
| | - Julien Colot
- Institut Pasteur de Nouvelle-Calédonie, Groupe de Recherche en Bactériologie Expérimentale, Nouméa, 98845, New Caledonia
| | - Myrielle Dupont-Rouzeyrol
- Institut Pasteur de Nouvelle-Calédonie, URE-Dengue et autres Arboviroses, Nouméa, 98845, New Caledonia
| | - Vincent Richard
- Institut Pasteur, Direction internationale, Paris, 75015, France
| | - Nicolas Pocquet
- Institut Pasteur de Nouvelle-Calédonie, URE-Entomologie Médicale, Nouméa, 98845, New Caledonia
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33
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Prediction of malaria transmission drivers in Anopheles mosquitoes using artificial intelligence coupled to MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. Sci Rep 2020; 10:11379. [PMID: 32647135 PMCID: PMC7347643 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-68272-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Vector control programmes are a strategic priority in the fight against malaria. However, vector control interventions require rigorous monitoring. Entomological tools for characterizing malaria transmission drivers are limited and are difficult to establish in the field. To predict Anopheles drivers of malaria transmission, such as mosquito age, blood feeding and Plasmodium infection, we evaluated artificial neural networks (ANNs) coupled to matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry (MS) and analysed the impact on the proteome of laboratory-reared Anopheles stephensi mosquitoes. ANNs were sensitive to Anopheles proteome changes and specifically recognized spectral patterns associated with mosquito age (0–10 days, 11–20 days and 21–28 days), blood feeding and P. berghei infection, with best prediction accuracies of 73%, 89% and 78%, respectively. This study illustrates that MALDI-TOF MS coupled to ANNs can be used to predict entomological drivers of malaria transmission, providing potential new tools for vector control. Future studies must assess the field validity of this new approach in wild-caught adult Anopheles. A similar approach could be envisaged for the identification of blood meal source and the detection of insecticide resistance in Anopheles and to other arthropods and pathogens.
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Bredtmann CM, Krücken J, Murugaiyan J, Balard A, Hofer H, Kuzmina TA, von Samson-Himmelstjerna G. Concurrent Proteomic Fingerprinting and Molecular Analysis of Cyathostomins. Proteomics 2020; 19:e1800290. [PMID: 30786147 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201800290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Rapid, cost-effective, efficient, and reliable helminth species identification is of considerable importance to understand host-parasite interactions, clinical disease, and drug resistance. Cyathostomins (Nematoda: Strongylidae) are considered to be the most important equine parasites, yet research on this group is hampered by the large number of 50 morphologically differentiated species, their occurrence in mixed infections with often more than 10 species and the difficulties associated with conventional identification methods. Here, MALDI-TOF MS, previously successfully applied to identify numerous organisms, is evaluated and compared with conventional and molecular genetic approaches. A simple and robust protocol for protein extraction and subsequent DNA isolation allowing molecular confirmation of proteomic findings is developed, showing that MALDI-TOF MS can discriminate adult stages of the two closely related cyathostomin species Cylicostephanus longibursatus and Cylicostephanus minutus. Intraspecific variability of proteomic profiles within morphospecies demonstrated an identification of morphospecies with an accuracy of close to 100%. In contrast, three genospecies within C. minutus and sex-specific profiles within both morphospecies could not be reliably discriminated using MALDI-TOF MS. In conclusion, MALDI-TOF MS complemented by the molecular protocol is a reliable and efficient approach for cyathostomin species identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Maria Bredtmann
- Institute for Parasitology and Tropical Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jürgen Krücken
- Institute for Parasitology and Tropical Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jayaseelan Murugaiyan
- Institute for Animal Hygiene and Environmental Health, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Biotechnology, SRM University AP, 522502, Amaravati, India
| | - Alice Balard
- Ecology and Evolution of Molecular Parasite Host Interactions, Molecular Parasitology, Institute for Biology, Humboldt University Berlin, 10115, Berlin, Germany.,Ecology and Evolution of Molecular Parasite Host Interactions, Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, 10315, Berlin, Germany
| | - Heribert Hofer
- Institute for Parasitology and Tropical Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Ecological Dynamics, Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, 10315, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Biology, Chemistry, Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tetiana A Kuzmina
- Department of Parasitology, I. I. Schmalhausen Institute of Zoology, 01030, Kiev, Ukraine
| | - Georg von Samson-Himmelstjerna
- Institute for Parasitology and Tropical Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163, Berlin, Germany
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Tedrow RE, Ratovonjato J, Walker ED, Ratsimbasoa AC, Zimmerman PA. A Novel Assay for Simultaneous Assessment of Mammalian Host Blood, Mosquito Species, and Plasmodium spp. in the Medically Important Anopheles Mosquitoes of Madagascar. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2020; 100:544-551. [PMID: 30675844 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.18-0782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Anopheles mosquitoes vary in habitat preference, feeding pattern, and susceptibility to various measures of vector control. Consequently, it is important that we identify reservoirs of disease, identify vectors, and characterize feeding patterns to effectively implement targeted control measures. Using 467 anopheline mosquito abdomen squashes captured in Madagascar, we designed a novel ligase detection reaction and fluorescent microsphere assay, dubbed Bloodmeal Detection Assay for Regional Transmission (BLOODART), to query the bloodmeal content, identify five Anopheles mosquito species, and detect Plasmodium infection. Validation of mammalian bloodspots was achieved by preparation and analysis of known hosts (singular and mixed), sensitivity to degradation and storage method were assessed through mosquito feeding experiments, and quantification was explored by altering ratios of two mammal hosts. BLOODART identifications were validated by comparison with mosquito samples identified by sequenced portions of the internal transcribed spacer 2. BLOODART identification of control mammal bloodspots was 100% concordant for singular and mixed mammalian blood. BLOODART was able to detect hosts up to 42 hours after digestion when mosquito samples were stored in ethanol. A mammalian host was identified in every field-collected, blood-fed female Anopheles mosquito by BLOODART. The predominant mosquito host was cow (n = 451), followed by pig (n = 26) and human (n = 25). Mixed species bloodmeals were commonly observed (n = 33). A BLOODART molecular identification was successful for 318/467 mosquitoes, with an overall concordance of 60% with all field-captured, morphologically identified Anopheles specimens. BLOODART enables characterization of large samples and simultaneous pathogen detection to monitor and incriminate disease vectors in Madagascar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riley E Tedrow
- Department of Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio.,The Center for Global Health and Diseases, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Jocelyn Ratovonjato
- Direction de Lutte contre le Paludisme/National Malaria Control Program Madagascar, Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | - Edward D Walker
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Arsene C Ratsimbasoa
- Faculty of Medicine and Faculty of Sciences, University of Antananarivo, Antananarivo, Madagascar.,Direction de Lutte contre le Paludisme/National Malaria Control Program Madagascar, Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | - Peter A Zimmerman
- The Center for Global Health and Diseases, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio.,Department of Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
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Loaiza JR, Almanza A, Rojas JC, Mejía L, Cervantes ND, Sanchez-Galan JE, Merchán F, Grillet A, Miller MJ, De León LF, Gittens RA. Application of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry to identify species of Neotropical Anopheles vectors of malaria. Malar J 2019; 18:95. [PMID: 30902057 PMCID: PMC6431007 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-019-2723-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Malaria control in Panama is problematic due to the high diversity of morphologically similar Anopheles mosquito species, which makes identification of vectors of human Plasmodium challenging. Strategies by Panamanian health authorities to bring malaria under control targeting Anopheles vectors could be ineffective if they tackle a misidentified species. Methods A rapid mass spectrometry identification procedure was developed to accurately and timely sort out field-collected Neotropical Anopheles mosquitoes into vector and non-vector species. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectra of highly-abundant proteins were generated from laboratory-reared mosquitoes using different extraction protocols, body parts, and sexes to minimize the amount of material from specimen vouchers needed and optimize the protocol for taxonomic identification. Subsequently, the mass spectra of field-collected Neotropical Anopheles mosquito species were classified using a combination of custom-made unsupervised (i.e., Principal component analysis—PCA) and supervised (i.e., Linear discriminant analysis—LDA) classification algorithms. Results Regardless of the protocol used or the mosquito species and sex, the legs contained the least intra-specific variability with enough well-preserved proteins to differentiate among distinct biological species, consistent with previous literature. After minimizing the amount of material needed from the voucher, one leg was enough to produce reliable spectra between specimens. Further, both PCA and LDA were able to classify up to 12 mosquito species, from different subgenera and seven geographically spread localities across Panama using mass spectra from one leg pair. LDA demonstrated high discriminatory power and consistency, with validation and cross-validation positive identification rates above 93% at the species level. Conclusion The selected sample processing procedure can be used to identify field-collected Anopheles species, including vectors of Plasmodium, in a short period of time, with a minimal amount of tissue and without the need of an expert mosquito taxonomist. This strategy to analyse protein spectra overcomes the drawbacks of working without a reference library to classify unknown samples. Finally, this MALDI approach can aid ongoing malaria eradication efforts in Panama and other countries with large number of mosquito’s species by improving vector surveillance in epidemic-prone sites such as indigenous Comarcas. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12936-019-2723-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose R Loaiza
- Centro de Biodiversidad y Descubrimiento de Drogas, Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología (INDICASAT AIP), City of Knowledge, Panama, 0843-01103, Republic of Panama.,Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama, Republic of Panama.,Programa Centroamericano de Maestría en Entomología, Universidad de Panamá, Panama, Republic of Panama
| | - Alejandro Almanza
- Centro de Biodiversidad y Descubrimiento de Drogas, Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología (INDICASAT AIP), City of Knowledge, Panama, 0843-01103, Republic of Panama
| | - Juan C Rojas
- Centro de Biodiversidad y Descubrimiento de Drogas, Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología (INDICASAT AIP), City of Knowledge, Panama, 0843-01103, Republic of Panama
| | - Luis Mejía
- Centro de Biodiversidad y Descubrimiento de Drogas, Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología (INDICASAT AIP), City of Knowledge, Panama, 0843-01103, Republic of Panama.,Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama, Republic of Panama
| | - Norma D Cervantes
- College of Health Sciences, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, USA
| | - Javier E Sanchez-Galan
- Centro de Biodiversidad y Descubrimiento de Drogas, Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología (INDICASAT AIP), City of Knowledge, Panama, 0843-01103, Republic of Panama.,Grupo de Investigación en Biotecnología, Bioinformática y Biología de Sistemas, Centro de Producción e Investigaciones Agroindustriales, Universidad Tecnológica de Panamá, Panama, Republic of Panama
| | - Fernando Merchán
- Grupo de Investigación en Sistemas de Comunicaciones Digitales Avanzados, Facultad de Ingeniería Eléctrica, Universidad Tecnológica de Panamá, Panama, Republic of Panama
| | - Arnaud Grillet
- Grupo de Investigación en Sistemas de Comunicaciones Digitales Avanzados, Facultad de Ingeniería Eléctrica, Universidad Tecnológica de Panamá, Panama, Republic of Panama.,ENSEIRB-MATMECA-Bordeaux INP, Talence, France
| | - Matthew J Miller
- Sam Noble Oklahoma Museum of Natural History and Department of Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
| | - Luis F De León
- Centro de Biodiversidad y Descubrimiento de Drogas, Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología (INDICASAT AIP), City of Knowledge, Panama, 0843-01103, Republic of Panama.,Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rolando A Gittens
- Centro de Biodiversidad y Descubrimiento de Drogas, Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología (INDICASAT AIP), City of Knowledge, Panama, 0843-01103, Republic of Panama. .,Centro de Neurociencias, INDICASAT AIP, Panama, Republic of Panama.
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Identification of French Guiana sand flies using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry with a new mass spectra library. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2019; 13:e0007031. [PMID: 30707700 PMCID: PMC6373979 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0007031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Phlebotomine sand flies are insects that are highly relevant in medicine, particularly as the sole proven vectors of leishmaniasis. Accurate identification of sand fly species is an essential prerequisite for eco-epidemiological studies aiming to better understand the disease. Traditional morphological identification is painstaking and time-consuming, and molecular methods for extensive screening remain expensive. Recent studies have shown that matrix-assisted laser desorption and ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) is a promising tool for rapid and cost-effective identification of arthropod vectors, including sand flies. The aim of this study was to validate the use of MALDI-TOF MS for the identification of Northern Amazonian sand flies. We constituted a MALDI-TOF MS reference database comprising 29 species of sand flies that were field-collected in French Guiana, which are expected to cover many of the more common species of the Northern Amazonian region, including known vectors of leishmaniasis. Carrying out a blind test, all the sand flies tested (n = 157) with a log (score) threshold greater than 1.7 were correctly identified at the species level. We confirmed that MALDI-TOF MS protein profiling is a useful tool for the study of sand flies, including neotropical species, known for their great diversity. An application that includes the spectra generated here will be available to the scientific community in the near future via an online platform. Phlebotomine sand flies are small insects, mostly known for their role in the transmission of Leishmania parasites to humans and other mammals. In French Guiana, the main clinical form of the disease manifests as cutaneous lesions also called American cutaneous leishmaniasis. The transmission of Leishmania from wild mammals to humans depends on the species of sand fly involved in the transmission. To better understand the mechanism of disease transmission, it is essential to accurately identify sand flies, including both vector and non-vector species. Until now, sand flies have mainly been identified using morphological and molecular methods. Recent studies have shown that a new tool based on protein profiling compiled in a library of spectra may be useful for the identification of arthropod vectors. This tool has the advantage of being less time-consuming, less expensive and does not require technical skills. The aim of this study was to assess the usefulness and accuracy of this new tool in identifying Northern Amazonian sand flies.
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MALDI Profiling and Applications in Medicine. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1140:27-43. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-15950-4_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Vega-Rúa A, Pagès N, Fontaine A, Nuccio C, Hery L, Goindin D, Gustave J, Almeras L. Improvement of mosquito identification by MALDI-TOF MS biotyping using protein signatures from two body parts. Parasit Vectors 2018; 11:574. [PMID: 30390691 PMCID: PMC6215610 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-018-3157-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry technology (MALDI-TOF MS) is an innovative tool that has been shown to be effective for the identification of numerous arthropod groups including mosquitoes. A critical step in the implementation of MALDI-TOF MS identification is the creation of spectra databases (DB) for the species of interest. Mosquito legs were the body part most frequently used to create identification DB. However, legs are one of the most fragile mosquito compartments, which can put identification at risk. Here, we assessed whether mosquito thoraxes could also be used as a relevant body part for mosquito species identification using a MALDI-TOF MS biotyping strategy; we propose a double DB query strategy to reinforce identification success. Methods Thoraxes and legs from 91 mosquito specimens belonging to seven mosquito species collected in six localities from Guadeloupe, and two laboratory strains, Aedes aegypti BORA and Aedes albopictus Marseille, were dissected and analyzed by MALDI-TOF MS. Molecular identification using cox1 gene sequencing was also conducted on representative specimens to confirm their identification. Results MS profiles obtained with both thoraxes and legs were highly compartment-specific, species-specific and species-reproducible, allowing high identification scores (log-score values, LSVs) when queried against the in-house MS reference spectra DB (thorax LSVs range: 2.260–2.783, leg LSVs range: 2.132–2.753). Conclusions Both thoraxes and legs could be used for a double DB query in order to reinforce the success and accuracy of MALDI-TOF MS identification. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13071-018-3157-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anubis Vega-Rúa
- Laboratory of Vector Control Research, Environment and Health Unit, Institut Pasteur de la Guadeloupe, 97183, Les Abymes, Guadeloupe, France.
| | - Nonito Pagès
- CIRAD, UMR ASTRE, F-97170, Petit Bourg, Guadeloupe, France.,ASTRE, CIRAD, INRA, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Albin Fontaine
- Unité de Parasitologie et Entomologie, Département des Maladies Infectieuses, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Marseille, France.,Aix Marseille Université, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, UMR Vecteurs - Infections Tropicales et Méditerranéennes (VITROME), IHU - Méditerranée Infection, 19-21 bd Jean Moulin, 13385, Marseille, cedex 5, France
| | - Christopher Nuccio
- Aix Marseille Université, INSERM, SSA, IRBA, MCT, 13005, Marseille, France
| | - Lyza Hery
- Laboratory of Vector Control Research, Environment and Health Unit, Institut Pasteur de la Guadeloupe, 97183, Les Abymes, Guadeloupe, France
| | - Daniella Goindin
- Laboratory of Vector Control Research, Environment and Health Unit, Institut Pasteur de la Guadeloupe, 97183, Les Abymes, Guadeloupe, France
| | - Joel Gustave
- Vector Control Service of Guadeloupe, Regional Health Agency, Airport Zone South Raizet, 97139, Les Abymes, Guadeloupe, France
| | - Lionel Almeras
- Unité de Parasitologie et Entomologie, Département des Maladies Infectieuses, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Marseille, France.,Aix Marseille Université, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, UMR Vecteurs - Infections Tropicales et Méditerranéennes (VITROME), IHU - Méditerranée Infection, 19-21 bd Jean Moulin, 13385, Marseille, cedex 5, France
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Abstract
Australian mosquito species significantly impact human health through nuisance biting and the transmission of endemic and exotic pathogens. Surveillance programmes designed to provide an early warning of mosquito-borne disease risk require reliable identification of mosquitoes. This study aimed to investigate the viability of Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization-Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) as a rapid and inexpensive approach to the identification of Australian mosquitoes and was validated using a three-step taxonomic approach. A total of 300 mosquitoes representing 21 species were collected from south-eastern New South Wales and morphologically identified. The legs from the mosquitoes were removed and subjected to MALDI-TOF MS analysis. Fifty-eight mosquitoes were sequenced at the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (cox1) gene region and genetic relationships were analysed. We create the first MALDI-TOF MS spectra database of Australian mosquito species including 19 species. We clearly demonstrate the accuracy of MALDI-TOF MS for identification of Australian mosquitoes. It is especially useful for assessing gaps in the effectiveness of DNA barcoding by differentiating closely related taxa. Indeed, cox1 DNA barcoding was not able to differentiate members of the Culex pipiens group, Cx. quinquefasciatus and Cx. pipiens molestus, but these specimens were correctly identified using MALDI-TOF MS.
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Mewara A, Sharma M, Kaura T, Zaman K, Yadav R, Sehgal R. Rapid identification of medically important mosquitoes by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Parasit Vectors 2018; 11:281. [PMID: 29720246 PMCID: PMC5932809 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-018-2854-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Accurate and rapid identification of dipteran vectors is integral for entomological surveys and is a vital component of control programs for mosquito-borne diseases. Conventionally, morphological features are used for mosquito identification, which suffer from biological and geographical variations and lack of standardization. We used matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) for protein profiling of mosquito species from North India with the aim of creating a MALDI-TOF MS database and evaluating it. Methods Mosquito larvae were collected from different rural and urban areas and reared to adult stages. The adult mosquitoes of four medically important genera, Anopheles, Aedes, Culex and Armigerus, were morphologically identified to the species level and confirmed by ITS2-specific PCR sequencing. The cephalothoraces of the adult specimens were subjected to MALDI-TOF analysis and the signature peak spectra were selected for creation of database, which was then evaluated to identify 60 blinded mosquito specimens. Results Reproducible MALDI-TOF MS spectra spanning over 2–14 kDa m/z range were produced for nine mosquito species: Anopheles (An. stephensi, An. culicifacies and An. annularis); Aedes (Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus); Culex (Cx. quinquefasciatus, Cx. vishnui and Cx. tritaenorhynchus); and Armigerus (Ar. subalbatus). Genus- and species-specific peaks were identified to create the database and a score of > 1.8 was used to denote reliable identification. The average numbers of peaks obtained were 55–60 for Anopheles, 80–100 for Aedes, 30–60 for Culex and 45–50 peaks for Armigeres species. Of the 60 coded samples, 58 (96.67%) were correctly identified by MALDI-TOF MS with a score > 1.8, while there were two unreliable identifications (both Cx. quinquefasciatus with scores < 1.8). Conclusions MALDI-TOF MS appears to be a pragmatic technique for accurate and rapid identification of mosquito species. The database needs to be expanded to include species from different geographical regions and also different life-cycle stages to fully harness the technique for entomological surveillance programs. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13071-018-2854-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Mewara
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Sector 12, Chandigarh, 160012, India.
| | - Megha Sharma
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Sector 12, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Taruna Kaura
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Sector 12, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Kamran Zaman
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Sector 12, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Rakesh Yadav
- Medical Microbiology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Sector 12, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Rakesh Sehgal
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Sector 12, Chandigarh, 160012, India
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Ndungu SM, Messmer MM, Ziegler D, Thuita M, Vanlauwe B, Frossard E, Thonar C. Evaluation of MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry for the competitiveness analysis of selected indigenous cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.) Bradyrhizobium strains from Kenya. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:5265-5278. [PMID: 29696334 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-9005-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Revised: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Cowpea N2 fixation and yield can be enhanced by selecting competitive and efficient indigenous rhizobia. Strains from contrasting agro-ecologies of Kilifi and Mbeere (Kenya) were screened. Two pot experiments were established consisting of 13 Bradyrhizobium strains; experiment 1 (11 Mbeere + CBA + BK1 from Burkina Faso), experiment 2 (12 Kilifi + CBA). Symbiotic effectiveness was assessed (shoot biomass, SPAD index and N uptake). Nodule occupancy of 13 simultaneously co-inoculated strains in each experiment was analyzed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry (MS) to assess competitiveness. Strains varied in effectiveness and competitiveness. The four most efficient strains were further evaluated in a field trial in Mbeere during the 2014 short rains. Strains from bacteroids of cowpea nodules from pot and field experiments were accurately identified as Bradyrhizobium by MALDI-TOF based on the SARAMIS™ database. In the field, abundant indigenous populations 7.10 × 103 rhizobia g-1 soil, outcompeted introduced strains. As revealed by MALDI-TOF, indigenous strains clustered into six distinct groups (I, II, III, IV, V and VI), group III were most abundant occupying 80% of nodules analyzed. MALDI-TOF was rapid, affordable and reliable to identify Bradyrhizobium strains directly from nodule suspensions in competition pot assays and in the field with abundant indigenous strains thus, its suitability for future competition assays. Evaluating strain competitiveness and then symbiotic efficacy is proposed in bioprospecting for potential cowpea inoculant strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Mathu Ndungu
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zurich, Plant Nutrition group, Eschikon 33, CH-8315, Lindau, Switzerland. .,Research Institute of Organic Agriculture (FiBL), Ackerstrasse 113, CH-5070, Frick, Switzerland. .,International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), c/o ICIPE Campus, P.O. Box 30772-00100, Nairobi, Kenya.
| | - Monika M Messmer
- Research Institute of Organic Agriculture (FiBL), Ackerstrasse 113, CH-5070, Frick, Switzerland
| | - Dominik Ziegler
- Mabritec AG, Lörracherstrasse 50, CH-4125, Riehen, Switzerland
| | - Moses Thuita
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), c/o ICIPE Campus, P.O. Box 30772-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Bernard Vanlauwe
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), c/o ICIPE Campus, P.O. Box 30772-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Emmanuel Frossard
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zurich, Plant Nutrition group, Eschikon 33, CH-8315, Lindau, Switzerland
| | - Cécile Thonar
- Research Institute of Organic Agriculture (FiBL), Ackerstrasse 113, CH-5070, Frick, Switzerland. .,AgroBioChem Department, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, B-5030, Gembloux, Belgium.
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Guo Y, Song Z, Luo L, Wang Q, Zhou G, Yang D, Zhong D, Zheng X. Molecular evidence for new sympatric cryptic species of Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) in China: A new threat from Aedes albopictus subgroup? Parasit Vectors 2018; 11:228. [PMID: 29618379 PMCID: PMC5885320 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-018-2814-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Aedes (Stegomyia) albopictus (Skuse) is an indigenous species and the predominant vector of dengue fever in China. Understanding of genetic diversity and structure of the mosquito would facilitate dengue prevention and vector control. Sympatric cryptic species have been identified in the Ae. albopictus subgroup in Southeast Asia; however, little is known about the presence and distribution of cryptic species in China. This study aimed to examine the genetic diversity, evaluate potential new cryptic sibling species, and assess the prevalence of Wolbachia infections in field populations. Methods Aedes adult female specimens were collected from five provinces in southern and central China during 2015–2016. Morphological identification was performed under dissection microscope. The mitochondrial DNA cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1, DNA barcoding) locus and the ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer region 2 (ITS2) marker were used to examine the genetic variation, evaluate cryptic sibling species, and population structure in the field populations. Screening for the presence of Wolbachia was performed using multiplex PCR. Results A total of 140 individual specimens with morphological characteristics similar to Ae. albopictus were sequenced for DNA barcoding. Among these, 129 specimens (92.1%) were confirmed and identified as Ae. albopictus. The remaining 11 specimens, from 2 provinces, were identified as 2 distinct sequence groups, which were confirmed by ITS2 marker sequencing, suggesting the existence of potential cryptic species of Ae. albopictus. In Ae. albopictus, we found significant genetic differentiation and population structure between populations collected from different climate zones. Medium to high frequencies of Wolbachia infections were observed in natural Ae. albopictus populations, whereas Wolbachia was infrequent or absent in cryptic species populations. Conclusions Our findings highlight the population differentiation by climate zone and the presence of novel, cryptic Aedes species in China. The low prevalence of Wolbachia infections in cryptic species populations could reflect either a recent invasion of Wolbachia in Ae. albopictus or different host immune responses to this symbiont in the cryptic species. The study provides useful information for vector control and host-symbiont coevolution. Further study is needed to investigate the potential for arbovirus infection and disease transmission in the emerged cryptic species. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13071-018-2814-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyan Guo
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhangyao Song
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Lei Luo
- Department of Disinfection and Pesticide of Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Guangzhou, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qingmin Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Guofa Zhou
- Program in Public Health School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Dizi Yang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Daibin Zhong
- Program in Public Health School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Xueli Zheng
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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Dupuis JR, Mcdonald CM, Acorn JH, Sperling FAH. Genomics-informed species delimitation to support morphological identification of anglewing butterflies (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Polygonia). Zool J Linn Soc 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlx081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julian R Dupuis
- Department of Plant and Environmental Protection Sciences, University of Hawai’i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, CW 405 Biosciences Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Christianne M Mcdonald
- Department of Biological Sciences, CW 405 Biosciences Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - John H Acorn
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Felix A H Sperling
- Department of Biological Sciences, CW 405 Biosciences Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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Nebbak A, Willcox AC, Bitam I, Raoult D, Parola P, Almeras L. Standardization of sample homogenization for mosquito identification using an innovative proteomic tool based on protein profiling. Proteomics 2017; 16:3148-3160. [PMID: 27862981 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201600287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Revised: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The rapid spread of vector-borne diseases demands the development of an innovative strategy for arthropod monitoring. The emergence of MALDI-TOF MS as a rapid, low-cost, and accurate tool for arthropod identification is revolutionizing medical entomology. However, as MS spectra from an arthropod can vary according to the body part selected, the sample homogenization method used and the mode and duration of sample storage, standardization of protocols is indispensable prior to the creation and sharing of an MS reference spectra database. In the present study, manual grinding of Anopheles gambiae Giles and Aedes albopictus mosquitoes at the adult and larval (L3) developmental stages was compared to automated homogenization. Settings for each homogenizer were optimized, and glass powder was found to be the best sample disruptor based on its ability to create reproducible and intense MS spectra. In addition, the suitability of common arthropod storage conditions for further MALDI-TOF MS analysis was kinetically evaluated. The conditions that best preserved samples for accurate species identification by MALDI-TOF MS were freezing at -20°C or in liquid nitrogen for up to 6 months. The optimized conditions were objectified based on the reproducibility and stability of species-specific MS profiles. The automation and standardization of mosquito sample preparation methods for MALDI-TOF MS analyses will popularize the use of this innovative tool for the rapid identification of arthropods with medical interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amira Nebbak
- Aix Marseille Université, Unité de Recherche en Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes (URMITE), UM63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198 (Dakar, Sénégal), Inserm 1095, WHO Collaborative Center for Rickettsioses and Other Arthropod-Borne Bacterial Diseases, Faculté de Médecine, Marseille, France.,Laboratoire de Biodiversité et Environnement : Interactions génomes, Faculté des Sciences Biologiques, Université des Sciences et de la Technologie Houari Boumediene (USTHB), Bab Ezzouar, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Alexandra C Willcox
- Aix Marseille Université, Unité de Recherche en Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes (URMITE), UM63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198 (Dakar, Sénégal), Inserm 1095, WHO Collaborative Center for Rickettsioses and Other Arthropod-Borne Bacterial Diseases, Faculté de Médecine, Marseille, France.,Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Idir Bitam
- Aix Marseille Université, Unité de Recherche en Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes (URMITE), UM63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198 (Dakar, Sénégal), Inserm 1095, WHO Collaborative Center for Rickettsioses and Other Arthropod-Borne Bacterial Diseases, Faculté de Médecine, Marseille, France.,Laboratoire de Biodiversité et Environnement : Interactions génomes, Faculté des Sciences Biologiques, Université des Sciences et de la Technologie Houari Boumediene (USTHB), Bab Ezzouar, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Didier Raoult
- Aix Marseille Université, Unité de Recherche en Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes (URMITE), UM63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198 (Dakar, Sénégal), Inserm 1095, WHO Collaborative Center for Rickettsioses and Other Arthropod-Borne Bacterial Diseases, Faculté de Médecine, Marseille, France
| | - Philippe Parola
- Aix Marseille Université, Unité de Recherche en Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes (URMITE), UM63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198 (Dakar, Sénégal), Inserm 1095, WHO Collaborative Center for Rickettsioses and Other Arthropod-Borne Bacterial Diseases, Faculté de Médecine, Marseille, France
| | - Lionel Almeras
- Aix Marseille Université, Unité de Recherche en Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes (URMITE), UM63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198 (Dakar, Sénégal), Inserm 1095, WHO Collaborative Center for Rickettsioses and Other Arthropod-Borne Bacterial Diseases, Faculté de Médecine, Marseille, France.,Unité Parasitologie et Entomologie, Département des Maladies Infectieuses, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Marseille, France
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Raharimalala FN, Andrianinarivomanana TM, Rakotondrasoa A, Collard JM, Boyer S. Usefulness and accuracy of MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry as a supplementary tool to identify mosquito vector species and to invest in development of international database. MEDICAL AND VETERINARY ENTOMOLOGY 2017; 31:289-298. [PMID: 28426182 DOI: 10.1111/mve.12230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Revised: 11/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Arthropod-borne diseases are important causes of morbidity and mortality. The identification of vector species relies mainly on morphological features and/or molecular biology tools. The first method requires specific technical skills and may result in misidentifications, and the second method is time-consuming and expensive. The aim of the present study is to assess the usefulness and accuracy of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) as a supplementary tool with which to identify mosquito vector species and to invest in the creation of an international database. A total of 89 specimens belonging to 10 mosquito species were selected for the extraction of proteins from legs and for the establishment of a reference database. A blind test with 123 mosquitoes was performed to validate the MS method. Results showed that: (a) the spectra obtained in the study with a given species differed from the spectra of the same species collected in another country, which highlights the need for an international database; (b) MALDI-TOF MS is an accurate method for the rapid identification of mosquito species that are referenced in a database; (c) MALDI-TOF MS allows the separation of groups or complex species, and (d) laboratory specimens undergo a loss of proteins compared with those isolated in the field. In conclusion, MALDI-TOF MS is a useful supplementary tool for mosquito identification and can help inform vector control.
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Affiliation(s)
- F N Raharimalala
- Unit of Medical Entomology, Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | | | - A Rakotondrasoa
- Unit of Experimental Bacteriology, Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | - J M Collard
- Unit of Experimental Bacteriology, Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | - S Boyer
- Unit of Medical Entomology, Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, Antananarivo, Madagascar
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Abstract
In recent years, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) has emerged as an efficient tool for arthropod identification. Its application for field monitoring of adult mosquitoes was demonstrated, but identification of larvae has been limited to laboratory-reared specimens. Study aim was to test the success of MALDI-TOF MS in correctly identifying mosquito larvae collected in the field. Collections were performed at 13 breeding sites in urban areas of Marseille, a city in the South of France. A total of 559 larvae were collected. Of these, 73 were accurately morphologically identified, with confirmation either by molecular identification (n = 31) or analysis with MALDI-TOF MS (n = 31) and 11 were tested using both methods. The larvae identified belonged to six species including Culiseta longiareolata, Culex pipiens pipiens, Culex hortensis, Aedes albopictus, Ochlerotatus caspius and Anopheles maculipennis. A high intra-species reproducibility and inter-species specificity of whole larva MS spectra was obtained and was independent of breeding site. More than 92% of the remaining 486 larvae were identified in blind tests against the MS spectra database. Identification rates were lower for early and pupal stages, which is attributed to lower protein abundance and metamorphosis, respectively. The suitability of MALDI-TOF MS for mosquito larvae identification from the field has been confirmed.
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48
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Diarra AZ, Almeras L, Laroche M, Berenger JM, Koné AK, Bocoum Z, Dabo A, Doumbo O, Raoult D, Parola P. Molecular and MALDI-TOF identification of ticks and tick-associated bacteria in Mali. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2017; 11:e0005762. [PMID: 28742123 PMCID: PMC5542699 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0005762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Revised: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Ticks are considered the second vector of human and animal diseases after mosquitoes. Therefore, identification of ticks and associated pathogens is an important step in the management of these vectors. In recent years, Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) has been reported as a promising method for the identification of arthropods including ticks. The objective of this study was to improve the conditions for the preparation of tick samples for their identification by MALDI-TOF MS from field-collected ethanol-stored Malian samples and to evaluate the capacity of this technology to distinguish infected and uninfected ticks. A total of 1,333 ticks were collected from mammals in three distinct sites from Mali. Morphological identification allowed classification of ticks into 6 species including Amblyomma variegatum, Hyalomma truncatum, Hyalomma marginatum rufipes, Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus, Rhipicephalus evertsi evertsi and Rhipicephalus sanguineus sl. Among those, 471 ticks were randomly selected for molecular and proteomic analyses. Tick legs submitted to MALDI-TOF MS revealed a concordant morpho/molecular identification of 99.6%. The inclusion in our MALDI-TOF MS arthropod database of MS reference spectra from ethanol-preserved tick leg specimens was required to obtain reliable identification. When tested by molecular tools, 76.6%, 37.6%, 20.8% and 1.1% of the specimens tested were positive for Rickettsia spp., Coxiella burnetii, Anaplasmataceae and Borrelia spp., respectively. These results support the fact that MALDI-TOF is a reliable tool for the identification of ticks conserved in alcohol and enhances knowledge about the diversity of tick species and pathogens transmitted by ticks circulating in Mali.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adama Zan Diarra
- Aix Marseille Université, UM63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, INSERM 1095, AP-HM, IHU - Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
- Malaria Research and Training Center, Département d’Epidémiologie des Affections Parasitaires, Faculté de Médecine et d’Odontostomatologie, Faculté de Pharmacie, USTTB, Bamako, Mali
| | - Lionel Almeras
- Aix Marseille Université, UM63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, INSERM 1095, AP-HM, IHU - Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
- Unité de Parasitologie et Entomologie, Département des Maladies Infectieuses, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Marseille, France
| | - Maureen Laroche
- Aix Marseille Université, UM63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, INSERM 1095, AP-HM, IHU - Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Jean-Michel Berenger
- Aix Marseille Université, UM63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, INSERM 1095, AP-HM, IHU - Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Abdoulaye K. Koné
- Malaria Research and Training Center, Département d’Epidémiologie des Affections Parasitaires, Faculté de Médecine et d’Odontostomatologie, Faculté de Pharmacie, USTTB, Bamako, Mali
| | | | - Abdoulaye Dabo
- Malaria Research and Training Center, Département d’Epidémiologie des Affections Parasitaires, Faculté de Médecine et d’Odontostomatologie, Faculté de Pharmacie, USTTB, Bamako, Mali
| | - Ogobara Doumbo
- Malaria Research and Training Center, Département d’Epidémiologie des Affections Parasitaires, Faculté de Médecine et d’Odontostomatologie, Faculté de Pharmacie, USTTB, Bamako, Mali
| | - Didier Raoult
- Aix Marseille Université, UM63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, INSERM 1095, AP-HM, IHU - Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Philippe Parola
- Aix Marseille Université, UM63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, INSERM 1095, AP-HM, IHU - Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
- * E-mail:
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Murugaiyan J, Roesler U. MALDI-TOF MS Profiling-Advances in Species Identification of Pests, Parasites, and Vectors. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2017; 7:184. [PMID: 28555175 PMCID: PMC5430024 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2017.00184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Invertebrate pests and parasites of humans, animals, and plants continue to cause serious diseases and remain as a high treat to agricultural productivity and storage. The rapid and accurate species identification of the pests and parasites are needed for understanding epidemiology, monitoring outbreaks, and designing control measures. Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) profiling has emerged as a rapid, cost effective, and high throughput technique of microbial species identification in modern diagnostic laboratories. The development of soft ionization techniques and the release of commercial pattern matching software platforms has resulted in the exponential growth of applications in higher organisms including parasitology. The present review discusses the proof-of-principle experiments and various methods of MALDI MS profiling in rapid species identification of both laboratory and field isolates of pests, parasites and vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayaseelan Murugaiyan
- Institute of Animal Hygiene and Environmental Health, Centre for Infectious Medicine, Freie Universität BerlinBerlin, Germany
| | - Uwe Roesler
- Institute of Animal Hygiene and Environmental Health, Centre for Infectious Medicine, Freie Universität BerlinBerlin, Germany
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Changbunjong T, Sumruayphol S, Weluwanarak T, Ruangsittichai J, Dujardin JP. Landmark and outline-based geometric morphometrics analysis of three Stomoxys flies (Diptera: Muscidae). Folia Parasitol (Praha) 2016; 63. [DOI: 10.14411/fp.2016.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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