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Adilbayeva A, Kunz J. Pathogenesis of Endometriosis and Endometriosis-Associated Cancers. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7624. [PMID: 39062866 PMCID: PMC11277188 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25147624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Endometriosis is a hormone-dependent, chronic inflammatory condition that affects 5-10% of reproductive-aged women. It is a complex disorder characterized by the growth of endometrial-like tissue outside the uterus, which can cause chronic pelvic pain and infertility. Despite its prevalence, the underlying molecular mechanisms of this disease remain poorly understood. Current treatment options are limited and focus mainly on suppressing lesion activity rather than eliminating it entirely. Although endometriosis is generally considered a benign condition, substantial evidence suggests that it increases the risk of developing specific subtypes of ovarian cancer. The discovery of cancer driver mutations in endometriotic lesions indicates that endometriosis may share molecular pathways with cancer. Moreover, the application of single-cell and spatial genomics, along with the development of organoid models, has started to illuminate the molecular mechanisms underlying disease etiology. This review aims to summarize the key genetic mutations and alterations that drive the development and progression of endometriosis to malignancy. We also review the significant recent advances in the understanding of the molecular basis of the disorder, as well as novel approaches and in vitro models that offer new avenues for improving our understanding of disease pathology and for developing new targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jeannette Kunz
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Nazarbayev University, 5/1 Kerey and Zhanibek Khans St, Astana 020000, Kazakhstan;
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Sheu JJC, Lin WY, Liu TY, Chang CYY, Cheng J, Li YH, Chen CM, Tseng CC, Ding WY, Chung C, Hwang T, Chen PH, Tsai FJ. Ethnic-specific genetic susceptibility loci for endometriosis in Taiwanese-Han population: a genome-wide association study. J Hum Genet 2024:10.1038/s10038-024-01270-5. [PMID: 38982179 DOI: 10.1038/s10038-024-01270-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Endometriosis is a common gynecological disorder affecting around 10% of reproductive-age women. Although many hypotheses were proposed, genetic alteration has been considered as one of the key factors promoting pathogenesis. Due to racial/ethnic disparities in the process of hormone regulation and nutrition metabolism, a genome-wide association study (GWAS) with 2794 cases and 27,940 controls was conducted in a Taiwanese-Han population. Our study identified five significant susceptibility loci for endometriosis, and three of them, WNT4 (on the 1p36.12), RMND1 (6q25.1), and CCDC170 (6q25.1), have been previously associated with endometriosis across different populations, including European and Japanese descent cohorts. Other two including C5orf66/C5orf66-AS2 (5q31.1) and STN1 (10q24.33) are newly identified ones. Functional network analysis of potent risk genes revealed the involvement of cancer susceptibility and neurodevelopmental disorders in endometriosis development. In addition, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) C5orf66 and C5orf66-AS2 can interact with many RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) which can influence RNA metabolic process, mRNA stabilization, and mRNA splicing, leading to dysregulation in tumor-promoting gene expression. Those findings support clinical observations of differences in the presentation of endometriosis in Taiwanese-Han population with higher risks of developing deeply infiltrating/invasive lesions and the associated malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jim Jinn-Chyuan Sheu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yatsen University, Kaohsiung, 804201, Taiwan
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, National Sun Yatsen University, Kaohsiung, 804201, Taiwan
- Institute of Precision Medicine, National Sun Yatsen University, Kaohsiung, 804201, Taiwan
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 404333, Taiwan
- Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807378, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Yong Lin
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 404333, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 404327, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Yuan Liu
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 404327, Taiwan
| | - Cherry Yin-Yi Chang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 404327, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 404333, Taiwan
| | - Jack Cheng
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 404327, Taiwan
| | - Yau-Hong Li
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yatsen University, Kaohsiung, 804201, Taiwan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pingtung Veterans General Hospital, Pingtung, 900053, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Mei Chen
- Genetics Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 404327, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Chen Tseng
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yatsen University, Kaohsiung, 804201, Taiwan
| | - Wendy Yarou Ding
- Genetics Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 404327, Taiwan
| | - Ching Chung
- Genetics Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 404327, Taiwan
| | - Tritium Hwang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yatsen University, Kaohsiung, 804201, Taiwan
| | - Ping-Ho Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yatsen University, Kaohsiung, 804201, Taiwan
- School of Dentistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807378, Taiwan
| | - Fuu-Jen Tsai
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 404333, Taiwan.
- Genetics Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 404327, Taiwan.
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3
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Tan H, Long P, Xiao H. Dissecting the shared genetic architecture between endometriosis and polycystic ovary syndrome. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1359236. [PMID: 38742190 PMCID: PMC11089172 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1359236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Previous study suggested evidence for coexistence and similarities between endometriosis and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), but it is unclear regarding the shared genetic architecture and causality underlying the phenotypic similarities observed for endometriosis and PCOS. Methods By leveraging summary statistics from public genome-wide association studies regarding endometriosis (European-based: N=470,866) and PCOS (European-based: N=210,870), we explored the genetic correlation that shared between endometriosis and PCOS using linkage disequilibrium score regression. Shared risk SNPs were derived using PLACO (Pleiotropic analysis under composite null hypothesis) and FUMA (Functional Mapping and Annotation of Genetic Associations). The potential causal association between endometriosis and PCOS was investigated using two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR). Linkage disequilibrium score for the specific expression of genes analysis (LDSC-SEG) were performed for tissue enrichment analysis. The expression profiles of the risk gene in tissues were further examined. Results A positive genetic association was observed between endometriosis and PCOS. 12 significant pleiotropic loci shared between endometriosis and PCOS were identified. Genetic associations between endometriosis and PCOS were particularly enriched in uterus, endometrium and fallopian tube. Two-sample MR analysis further indicated a potential causative effect of endometriosis on PCOS, and vice versa. Microarray and RNA-seq verified the expressions of SYNE1 and DNM3 were significantly altered in the endometrium of patients with endometriosis or PCOS compared to those of control subjects. Conclusion Our study indicates the genetic correlation and shared risk genes between PCOS and endometriosis. These findings provide insights into the potential mechanisms behind their comorbidity and the future development of therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hangjing Tan
- Institute of Reproductive & Stem Cell Engineering, Center of Reproductive Health, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Panpan Long
- Institute of Reproductive & Stem Cell Engineering, Center of Reproductive Health, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Center of Genetics, Changsha Jiangwan Maternity Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hongmei Xiao
- Institute of Reproductive & Stem Cell Engineering, Center of Reproductive Health, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Liu Z, Turkmen AS, Lin S. Bayesian LASSO for population stratification correction in rare haplotype association studies. Stat Appl Genet Mol Biol 2024; 23:sagmb-2022-0034. [PMID: 38235525 PMCID: PMC10794901 DOI: 10.1515/sagmb-2022-0034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Population stratification (PS) is one major source of confounding in both single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and haplotype association studies. To address PS, principal component regression (PCR) and linear mixed model (LMM) are the current standards for SNP associations, which are also commonly borrowed for haplotype studies. However, the underfitting and overfitting problems introduced by PCR and LMM, respectively, have yet to be addressed. Furthermore, there have been only a few theoretical approaches proposed to address PS specifically for haplotypes. In this paper, we propose a new method under the Bayesian LASSO framework, QBLstrat, to account for PS in identifying rare and common haplotypes associated with a continuous trait of interest. QBLstrat utilizes a large number of principal components (PCs) with appropriate priors to sufficiently correct for PS, while shrinking the estimates of unassociated haplotypes and PCs. We compare the performance of QBLstrat with the Bayesian counterparts of PCR and LMM and a current method, haplo.stats. Extensive simulation studies and real data analyses show that QBLstrat is superior in controlling false positives while maintaining competitive power for identifying true positives under PS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zilu Liu
- Department of Statistics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH43210, USA
| | | | - Shili Lin
- Department of Statistics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH43210, USA
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Nousiainen S, Kuismin O, Reinikka S, Manninen R, Khamaiseh S, Kuivalainen M, Terho A, Koivurova S, Niinimäki M, Salokas K, Varjosalo M, Ahtikoski A, Bützow R, Lindgren O, Uimari O, Vahteristo P. Whole-exome sequencing reveals candidate high-risk susceptibility genes for endometriosis. Hum Genomics 2023; 17:88. [PMID: 37789421 PMCID: PMC10546785 DOI: 10.1186/s40246-023-00538-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endometriosis is a common, chronic disease among fertile-aged women. Disease course may be highly invasive, requiring extensive surgery. The etiology of endometriosis remains elusive, though a high level of heritability is well established. Several low-penetrance predisposing loci have been identified, but high-risk susceptibility remains undetermined. Endometriosis is known to increase the risk of epithelial ovarian cancers, especially of endometrioid and clear cell types. Here, we have analyzed a Finnish family where four women have been diagnosed with surgically verified, severely symptomatic endometriosis and two of the patients also with high-grade serous carcinoma. RESULTS Whole-exome sequencing revealed three rare candidate predisposing variants segregating with endometriosis. The variants were c.1238C>T, p.(Pro413Leu) in FGFR4, c.5065C>T, p.(Arg1689Trp) in NALCN, and c.2086G>A, p.(Val696Met) in NAV2. The only variant predicted deleterious by in silico tools was the one in FGFR4. Further screening of the variants in 92 Finnish endometriosis and in 19 endometriosis-ovarian cancer patients did not reveal additional carriers. Histopathology, positive p53 immunostaining, and genetic analysis supported the high-grade serous subtype of the two tumors in the family. CONCLUSIONS Here, we provide FGFR4, NALCN, and NAV2 as novel high-risk candidate genes for familial endometriosis. Our results also support the association of endometriosis with high-grade serous carcinoma. Further studies are required to validate the findings and to reveal the exact pathogenesis mechanisms of endometriosis. Elucidating the genetic background of endometriosis defines the etiology of the disease and provides opportunities for expedited diagnostics and personalized treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanna Nousiainen
- Applied Tumor Genomics Research Program, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Biomedicum Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, P.O. Box 63, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Outi Kuismin
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
- Research Unit of Clinical Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Siiri Reinikka
- Applied Tumor Genomics Research Program, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Biomedicum Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, P.O. Box 63, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Roosa Manninen
- Research Unit of Clinical Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Sara Khamaiseh
- Applied Tumor Genomics Research Program, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Biomedicum Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, P.O. Box 63, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mari Kuivalainen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kainuu Central Hospital, Kajaani, Finland
| | - Anna Terho
- Research Unit of Clinical Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Sari Koivurova
- Research Unit of Clinical Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Maarit Niinimäki
- Research Unit of Clinical Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Kari Salokas
- Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Markku Varjosalo
- Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anne Ahtikoski
- Department of Pathology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Ralf Bützow
- Applied Tumor Genomics Research Program, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Biomedicum Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, P.O. Box 63, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Pathology, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Outi Lindgren
- Research Unit of Clinical Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Pathology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Outi Uimari
- Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
- Research Unit of Population Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Pia Vahteristo
- Applied Tumor Genomics Research Program, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Biomedicum Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, P.O. Box 63, 00014, Helsinki, Finland.
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
- iCAN Digital Precision Cancer Medicine Flagship, Helsinki, Finland.
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Cho SB. Molecular Mechanisms of Endometriosis Revealed Using Omics Data. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2210. [PMID: 37626707 PMCID: PMC10452455 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11082210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Endometriosis is a gynecological disorder prevalent in women of reproductive age. The primary symptoms include dysmenorrhea, irregular menstruation, and infertility. However, the pathogenesis of endometriosis remains unclear. With the advent of high-throughput technologies, various omics experiments have been conducted to identify genes related to the pathophysiology of endometriosis. This review highlights the molecular mechanisms underlying endometriosis using omics. When genes identified in omics experiments were compared with endometriosis disease genes identified in independent studies, the number of overlapping genes was moderate. However, the characteristics of these genes were found to be equivalent when functional gene set enrichment analysis was performed using gene ontology and biological pathway information. These findings indicate that omics technology provides invaluable information regarding the pathophysiology of endometriosis. Moreover, the functional characteristics revealed using enrichment analysis provide important clues for discovering endometriosis disease genes in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong Beom Cho
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, Gachon University, 38-13, Dokgeom-ro 3 Street Namdon-gu, Incheon 21565, Republic of Korea
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7
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Chiorean DM, Mitranovici MI, Toru HS, Cotoi TC, Tomuț AN, Turdean SG, Cotoi OS. New Insights into Genetics of Endometriosis-A Comprehensive Literature Review. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:2265. [PMID: 37443659 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13132265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
This comprehensive review explores the genetic contributions to endometriosis and their potential impact on improving diagnostic techniques. The review begins by defining endometriosis and discussing its prevalence, emphasizing the need for a deeper understanding of the genetic basis of the condition. It highlights recent genome-wide association studies (GWAS) that have identified specific genetic variants associated with endometriosis, shedding light on the molecular pathways and mechanisms involved. The review addresses genetic heterogeneity across different populations and ethnicities, emphasizing the importance of considering population-specific markers in diagnostic approaches. It explores the diagnostic implications of genetic insights, including the potential use of genetic markers for precise and early detection, as well as risk prediction. The review also delves into the integration of genetic information with clinical parameters and imaging findings, and the exploration of multi-omics approaches for a comprehensive understanding of endometriosis. It discusses recent studies on genetic and epigenetic biomarkers, their potential as diagnostic tools, and the need for validation in independent cohorts. The review highlights the impact of new genomic technologies, such as next-generation sequencing, in improving diagnostic accuracy and personalized management. It identifies the challenges and future directions in translating genetic findings into diagnostic tools and emphasizes the transformative potential of genetic insights in endometriosis diagnosis. This review provides a roadmap for future research and underscores the significance of genetic insights in improving diagnostic precision and personalized care for individuals with endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Maria Chiorean
- Department of Pathology, County Clinical Hospital of Targu Mures, 540072 Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Melinda-Ildiko Mitranovici
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Emergency County Hospital Hunedoara, 14 Victoriei Street, 331057 Hunedoara, Romania
| | - Havva Serap Toru
- Department of Pathology, Akdeniz University School of Medicine, Antalya Pinarbasi Konyaalti, 07070 Antalya, Turkey
| | - Titiana Cornelia Cotoi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, "George Emil Palade" University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Alexandru Nicușor Tomuț
- Faculty of Medicine, "George Emil Palade" University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Sabin Gligore Turdean
- Department of Pathology, County Clinical Hospital of Targu Mures, 540072 Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Ovidiu Simion Cotoi
- Department of Pathology, County Clinical Hospital of Targu Mures, 540072 Targu Mures, Romania
- Department of Pathophysiology, "George Emil Palade" University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, 38 Gheorghe Marinescu Street, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania
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Cousins FL, McKinnon BD, Mortlock S, Fitzgerald HC, Zhang C, Montgomery GW, Gargett CE. New concepts on the etiology of endometriosis. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2023; 49:1090-1105. [PMID: 36746607 PMCID: PMC10946875 DOI: 10.1111/jog.15549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Endometriosis is a serious, chronic disorder where endometrial tissue grows outside the uterus, causing severe pelvic pain and infertility. It affects 11% of women. Endometriosis is a multifactorial disorder of unclear etiology, although retrograde menstruation plays a major role. It has a genetic component with over 40 genetic risk factors mapped, although their mechanism of action is still emerging. New evidence suggests a role for retrograde menstruation of endometrial stem/progenitor cells, now that identifying markers of these cells are available. Recent lineage tracing and tissue clearing microscopy and 3D reconstruction has provided new understanding of endometrial glandular structure, particularly the horizontal orientation and interconnection of basalis glands. New sequencing technologies, particularly whole genome DNA sequencing are revealing somatic mutations, including in cancer driver genes, in normal and eutopic endometrium of patients with endometriosis, as well as ectopic endometriotic lesions. Methylome sequencing is offering insight into the regulation of genes and the role of the environmental factors. Single cell RNA sequencing reveals the transcriptome of individual endometrial cells, shedding new light on the diversity and range of cellular subpopulations of the major cell types present in the endometrium and in endometriotic lesions. New endometrial epithelial organoid cultures replicating glandular epithelium are providing tractable models for studying endometriosis. Organoids derived from menstrual fluid offer a non-invasive source of endometrial tissue and a new avenue for testing drugs and developing personalized medicine for treating endometriosis. These new approaches are rapidly advancing our understanding of endometriosis etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona L. Cousins
- The Ritchie CentreHudson Institute of Medical ResearchClaytonVictoriaAustralia
- Department of Obstetrics and GynaecologyMonash UniversityClaytonVictoriaAustralia
| | - Brett D. McKinnon
- Institute for Molecular Biosciences, The University of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia
| | - Sally Mortlock
- Institute for Molecular Biosciences, The University of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia
| | - Harriet C. Fitzgerald
- The Ritchie CentreHudson Institute of Medical ResearchClaytonVictoriaAustralia
- Department of Obstetrics and GynaecologyMonash UniversityClaytonVictoriaAustralia
| | - Chenyu Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and GynaecologyMonash UniversityClaytonVictoriaAustralia
| | - Grant W. Montgomery
- Institute for Molecular Biosciences, The University of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia
| | - Caroline E. Gargett
- The Ritchie CentreHudson Institute of Medical ResearchClaytonVictoriaAustralia
- Department of Obstetrics and GynaecologyMonash UniversityClaytonVictoriaAustralia
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Bonavina G, Taylor HS. Endometriosis-associated infertility: From pathophysiology to tailored treatment. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1020827. [PMID: 36387918 PMCID: PMC9643365 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1020827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the clinically recognized association between endometriosis and infertility, the mechanisms implicated in endometriosis-associated infertility are not fully understood. Endometriosis is a multifactorial and systemic disease that has pleiotropic direct and indirect effects on reproduction. A complex interaction between endometriosis subtype, pain, inflammation, altered pelvic anatomy, adhesions, disrupted ovarian reserve/function, and compromised endometrial receptivity as well as systemic effects of the disease define endometriosis-associated infertility. The population of infertile women with endometriosis is heterogeneous, and diverse patients' phenotypes can be observed in the clinical setting, thus making difficult to establish a precise diagnosis and a single mechanism of endometriosis related infertility. Moreover, clinical management of infertility associated with endometriosis can be challenging due to this heterogeneity. Innovative non-invasive diagnostic tools are on the horizon that may allow us to target the specific dysfunctional alteration in the reproduction process. Currently the treatment should be individualized according to the clinical situation and to the suspected level of impairment. Here we review the etiology of endometriosis related infertility as well as current treatment options, including the roles of surgery and assisted reproductive technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Bonavina
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Hugh S Taylor
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
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10
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Chauhan S, More A, Chauhan V, Kathane A. Endometriosis: A Review of Clinical Diagnosis, Treatment, and Pathogenesis. Cureus 2022; 14:e28864. [PMID: 36225394 PMCID: PMC9537113 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.28864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometriosis is a condition that affects women of reproductive age, and it is distinguished by the development of endometrial-like tissue outside the uterine cavity. It is frequently accompanied by persistent pelvic discomfort and infertility. This investigation looks into recent findings on clinical manifestation to help doctors and improve women's health. PubMed and Google Scholar were used to review on clinical diagnosis of endometriosis. The search strategy contained the terms “endometriosis” and “clinical diagnosis.” All research articles published between 1960 and 2021 were included in the search. The findings were then categorized to summarize the evidence. There was a total of 29 instances of endometriosis discovered. The patients' ages varied from 20 to 45 years old, with a median of 28.8 years and a mean of 29.4±7.7 years. Dysmenorrhea is a common disorder among adolescent girls experiencing various physical and emotional symptoms which have a detrimental influence on their quality of life. In this study, scar endometriosis was shown to be the more common variety of endometriosis, with 50% of cases predominantly developing at the lower segment cesarean section (LSCS) scar site. As a result, women with endometriosis are more likely to have miscarriages, and the quality of their embryos declines as a result.
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11
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Bao C, Wang H, Fang H. Genomic Evidence Supports the Recognition of Endometriosis as an Inflammatory Systemic Disease and Reveals Disease-Specific Therapeutic Potentials of Targeting Neutrophil Degranulation. Front Immunol 2022; 13:758440. [PMID: 35401535 PMCID: PMC8983833 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.758440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Endometriosis, classically viewed as a localized disease, is increasingly recognized as a systemic disease with multi-organ effects. This disease is highlighted by systemic inflammation in affected organs and by high comorbidity with immune-mediated diseases. Results We provide genomic evidence to support the recognition of endometriosis as an inflammatory systemic disease. This was achieved through our genomics-led target prioritization, called 'END', that leverages the value of multi-layered genomic datasets (including genome-wide associations in disease, regulatory genomics, and protein interactome). Our prioritization recovered existing proof-of-concept therapeutic targeting in endometriosis and outperformed competing prioritization approaches (Open Targets and Naïve prioritization). Target genes at the leading prioritization revealed molecular hallmarks (and possibly the cellular basis as well) that are consistent with systemic disease manifestations. Pathway crosstalk-based attack analysis identified the critical gene AKT1. In the context of this gene, we further identified genes that are already targeted by licensed medications in other diseases, such as ESR1. Such analysis was supported by current interests targeting the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in endometriosis and by the fact that therapeutic agents targeting ESR1 are now under active clinical trials in disease. The construction of cross-disease prioritization map enabled the identification of shared and distinct targets between endometriosis and immune-mediated diseases. Shared target genes identified opportunities for repurposing existing immunomodulators, particularly disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (such as TNF, IL6 and IL6R blockades, and JAK inhibitors). Genes highly prioritized only in endometriosis revealed disease-specific therapeutic potentials of targeting neutrophil degranulation - the exocytosis that can facilitate metastasis-like spread to distant organs causing inflammatory-like microenvironments. Conclusion Improved target prioritization, along with an atlas of in silico predicted targets and repurposed drugs (available at https://23verse.github.io/end), provides genomic insights into endometriosis, reveals disease-specific therapeutic potentials, and expands the existing theories on the origin of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaohui Bao
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hengru Wang
- Faculty of Medical Laboratory Science, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hai Fang
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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12
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Miller JE, Lingegowda H, Symons LK, Bougie O, Young SL, Lessey BA, Koti M, Tayade C. IL-33 activates group 2 innate lymphoid cell expansion and modulates endometriosis. JCI Insight 2021; 6:e149699. [PMID: 34699382 PMCID: PMC8675188 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.149699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation and localized alterations in immune cell function are suspected to contribute to the progression of endometriosis and its associated symptoms. In particular, the alarmin IL-33 is elevated in the plasma, peritoneal fluid, and endometriotic lesions from patients with endometriosis; however, the exact role of IL-33 in the pathophysiology of endometriosis is not well understood. In this study, we demonstrate, in both humans and a murine model, that IL-33 contributes to the expansion of group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s), and this IL-33-induced ILC2 expansion modulates the endometriosis lesion microenvironment. Importantly, we show that IL-33 drives hallmarks of severe endometriosis, including elevated inflammation, lesion proliferation, and fibrosis, and that this IL-33-induced aggravation is mediated by ILC2s. Finally, we demonstrate the functionality of IL-33 neutralization as a promising and potentially novel therapeutic avenue for treating the debilitating symptoms of endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica E. Miller
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Lindsey K. Symons
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Olga Bougie
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kingston General Hospital, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Steven L. Young
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Bruce A. Lessey
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wake Forest Baptist Health, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Madhuri Koti
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kingston General Hospital, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Chandrakant Tayade
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
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13
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Endometriosis: Epidemiology, Classification, Pathogenesis, Treatment and Genetics (Review of Literature). Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910554. [PMID: 34638893 PMCID: PMC8508982 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometriosis is a “mysterious” disease and its exact cause has not yet been established. Among the etiological factors, congenital, environmental, epigenetic, autoimmune and allergic factors are listed. It is believed that the primary mechanism of the formation of endometriosis foci is retrograde menstruation, i.e., the passage of menstrual blood through the fallopian tubes into the peritoneal cavity and implantation of exfoliated endometrial cells. However, since this mechanism is also observed in healthy women, other factors must also be involved in the formation of endometriosis foci. Endometriosis is in many women the cause of infertility, chronic pain and the deterioration of the quality of life. It also represents a significant financial burden on health systems. The article presents a review of the literature on endometriosis—a disease affecting women throughout the world.
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14
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Terzic M, Aimagambetova G, Kunz J, Bapayeva G, Aitbayeva B, Terzic S, Laganà AS. Molecular Basis of Endometriosis and Endometrial Cancer: Current Knowledge and Future Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:9274. [PMID: 34502183 PMCID: PMC8431548 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The human endometrium is a unique tissue undergoing important changes through the menstrual cycle. Under the exposure of different risk factors in a woman's lifetime, normal endometrial tissue can give rise to multiple pathologic conditions, including endometriosis and endometrial cancer. Etiology and pathophysiologic changes behind such conditions remain largely unclear. This review summarizes the current knowledge of the pathophysiology of endometriosis and its potential role in the development of endometrial cancer from a molecular perspective. A better understanding of the molecular basis of endometriosis and its role in the development of endometrial pathology will improve the approach to clinical management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milan Terzic
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Nazarbayev University, Kabanbay Batyr Avenue 53, Nur-Sultan 010000, Kazakhstan or (M.T.); (S.T.)
- National Research Center for Maternal and Child Health, Clinical Academic Department of Women’s Health, University Medical Center, Turan Avenue 32, Nur-Sultan 010000, Kazakhstan; (G.B.); (B.A.)
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 300 Halket Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Gulzhanat Aimagambetova
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Nazarbayev University, Kabanbay Batyr Avenue 53, Nur-Sultan 010000, Kazakhstan;
| | - Jeannette Kunz
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Nazarbayev University, Kabanbay Batyr Avenue 53, Nur-Sultan 010000, Kazakhstan;
| | - Gauri Bapayeva
- National Research Center for Maternal and Child Health, Clinical Academic Department of Women’s Health, University Medical Center, Turan Avenue 32, Nur-Sultan 010000, Kazakhstan; (G.B.); (B.A.)
| | - Botagoz Aitbayeva
- National Research Center for Maternal and Child Health, Clinical Academic Department of Women’s Health, University Medical Center, Turan Avenue 32, Nur-Sultan 010000, Kazakhstan; (G.B.); (B.A.)
| | - Sanja Terzic
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Nazarbayev University, Kabanbay Batyr Avenue 53, Nur-Sultan 010000, Kazakhstan or (M.T.); (S.T.)
| | - Antonio Simone Laganà
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, “Filippo Del Ponte” Hospital, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy;
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15
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Abstract
Pain is an immense clinical and societal challenge, and the key to understanding and treating it is variability. Robust interindividual differences are consistently observed in pain sensitivity, susceptibility to developing painful disorders, and response to analgesic manipulations. This review examines the causes of this variability, including both organismic and environmental sources. Chronic pain development is a textbook example of a gene-environment interaction, requiring both chance initiating events (e.g., trauma, infection) and more immutable risk factors. The focus is on genetic factors, since twin studies have determined that a plurality of the variance likely derives from inherited genetic variants, but sex, age, ethnicity, personality variables, and environmental factors are also considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey S Mogil
- Departments of Psychology and Anesthesia, Alan Edwards Centre for Research on Pain, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1B1, Canada;
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16
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Genomics of Endometriosis: From Genome Wide Association Studies to Exome Sequencing. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22147297. [PMID: 34298916 PMCID: PMC8304276 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This review aims at better understanding the genetics of endometriosis. Endometriosis is a frequent feminine disease, affecting up to 10% of women, and characterized by pain and infertility. In the most accepted hypothesis, endometriosis is caused by the implantation of uterine tissue at ectopic abdominal places, originating from retrograde menses. Despite the obvious genetic complexity of the disease, analysis of sibs has allowed heritability estimation of endometriosis at ~50%. From 2010, large Genome Wide Association Studies (GWAS), aimed at identifying the genes and loci underlying this genetic determinism. Some of these loci were confirmed in other populations and replication studies, some new loci were also found through meta-analyses using pooled samples. For two loci on chromosomes 1 (near CCD42) and chromosome 9 (near CDKN2A), functional explanations of the SNP (Single Nucleotide Polymorphism) effects have been more thoroughly studied. While a handful of chromosome regions and genes have clearly been identified and statistically demonstrated as at-risk for the disease, only a small part of the heritability is explained (missing heritability). Some attempts of exome sequencing started to identify additional genes from families or populations, but are still scarce. The solution may reside inside a combined effort: increasing the size of the GWAS designs, better categorize the clinical forms of the disease before analyzing genome-wide polymorphisms, and generalizing exome sequencing ventures. We try here to provide a vision of what we have and what we should obtain to completely elucidate the genetics of this complex disease.
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17
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Pitzer LM, Moroney MR, Nokoff NJ, Sikora MJ. WNT4 Balances Development vs Disease in Gynecologic Tissues and Women's Health. Endocrinology 2021; 162:6272210. [PMID: 33963381 PMCID: PMC8197283 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqab093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The WNT family of proteins is crucial in numerous developmental pathways and tissue homeostasis. WNT4, in particular, is uniquely implicated in the development of the female phenotype in the fetus, and in the maintenance of müllerian and reproductive tissues. WNT4 dysfunction or dysregulation can drive sex-reversal syndromes, highlighting the key role of WNT4 in sex determination. WNT4 is also critical in gynecologic pathologies later in life, including several cancers, uterine fibroids, endometriosis, and infertility. The role of WNT4 in normal decidualization, implantation, and gestation is being increasingly appreciated, while aberrant activation of WNT4 signaling is being linked both to gynecologic and breast cancers. Notably, single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at the WNT4 gene locus are strongly associated with these pathologies and may functionally link estrogen and estrogen receptor signaling to upregulation and activation of WNT4 signaling. Importantly, in each of these developmental and disease states, WNT4 gene expression and downstream WNT4 signaling are regulated and executed by myriad tissue-specific pathways. Here, we review the roles of WNT4 in women's health with a focus on sex development, and gynecologic and breast pathologies, and our understanding of how WNT4 signaling is controlled in these contexts. Defining WNT4 functions provides a unique opportunity to link sex-specific signaling pathways to women's health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren M Pitzer
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045, USA
| | - Marisa R Moroney
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045, USA
| | - Natalie J Nokoff
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Endocrinology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045, USA
| | - Matthew J Sikora
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045, USA
- Correspondence: Matthew J. Sikora, PhD; Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Mail Stop 8104, Research Complex 1 South, Rm 5117, 12801 E 17th Ave, Aurora, CO 80045, USA. . Twitter: @mjsikora
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18
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Kim HJ, Lee HS, Kazmi SZ, Hann HJ, Kang T, Cha J, Choi S, Swan H, Kim H, Lee YS, Ahn HS. Familial risk for endometriosis and its interaction with smoking, age at menarche and body mass index: a population-based cohort study among siblings. BJOG 2021; 128:1938-1948. [PMID: 34028167 DOI: 10.1111/1471-0528.16769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To quantify familial risk of endometriosis among full siblings and examine interactions between family history and smoking, age at menarche or body mass index (BMI). DESIGN, SETTING AND POPULATION Population-based nationwide cohort study. METHODS Using data from the Korean National Health Insurance and Screening Programme databases on kinship, healthcare utilisation, lifestyle and anthropometrics, we identified 2 109 288 women with full siblings and their environmental risk factors from 2002 to 2018. Familial risks were estimated using Cox proportional-hazards models, represented as incidence risk ratios (IRR) with 95% CI. Interaction between family history and smoking, age at menarche or BMI were assessed on an additive scale. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES IRR of endometriosis among women with and without affected siblings. RESULTS From 19 195 women with affected siblings, 1126 developed endometriosis with an incidence of 35.45/10 000 person-years. Familial risk of endometriosis with versus without affected siblings was increased to IRR 2.75 (95% CI 2.25-3.36), and the highest risk was with affected twins (IRR 6.98; 95% CI 4.19-11.62). Women with both a family history and either smoking, early menarche or low BMI had a significantly higher risk of endometriosis compared with the general population and can be regarded as a high-risk group, the IRRs were 4.28 (95% CI 2.43-7.55), 3.47 (95% CI 2.82-4.26) and 3.09 (95% CI 2.68-3.56), respectively. Substantial effect modification of the associations was noted by smoking and early menarche, as their combined risk with family history exceeded the sum of their individual risks, which was also statistically significant. CONCLUSION Genetic factors are the primary contributor to the familial aggregation of endometriosis. Significant gene-environment interaction exists between family history and smoking or early menarche.
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Affiliation(s)
- H J Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - H-S Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - S Z Kazmi
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - H J Hann
- Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
| | - T Kang
- Health and Wellness College, Sungshin Women's University, Seoul, Korea
| | - J Cha
- Department of Public Health, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - S Choi
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - H Swan
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - H Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Y S Lee
- Department of Health Informatics and Management, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
| | - H S Ahn
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
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19
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Koppolu A, Maksym RB, Paskal W, Machnicki M, Rak B, Pępek M, Garbicz F, Pełka K, Kuśmierczyk Z, Jacko J, Rydzanicz M, Banach-Orłowska M, Stokłosa T, Płoski R, Malejczyk J, Włodarski PK. Epithelial Cells of Deep Infiltrating Endometriosis Harbor Mutations in Cancer Driver Genes. Cells 2021; 10:749. [PMID: 33805315 PMCID: PMC8065889 DOI: 10.3390/cells10040749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometriosis is an inflammatory condition manifested by the presence of endometrial-like tissue outside of the uterine cavity. The most common clinical presentations of endometriosis are dysmenorrhea, infertility, and severe pelvic pain. Few hypotheses attempt to explain the pathogenesis of endometriosis; however, none of the theories have been fully confirmed or considered universal. We examined somatic mutations in eutopic endometrium samples, deep endometriotic nodules and peripheral blood from 13 women with deep endometriosis of the rectovaginal space. Somatic variants were identified in laser microdissected samples using next-generation sequencing. A custom panel of 1296 cancer-related genes was employed, and selected genes representing cancer drivers and non-drivers for endometrial and ovarian cancer were thoroughly investigated. All 59 detected somatic variants were of low mutated allele frequency (<10%). In deep ectopic lesions, detected variants were significantly more often located in cancer driver genes, whereas in eutopic endometrium, there was no such distribution. Our results converge with other reports, where cancer-related mutations were found in endometriosis without cancer, particularly recurrent KRAS mutations. Genetic alterations located in ectopic endometriotic nodules could contribute to their formation; nevertheless, to better understand the pathogenesis of this disease, more research in this area must be performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Koppolu
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland; (A.K.); (M.R.); (R.P.)
- Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland; (B.R.); (M.P.); (F.G.)
| | - Radosław B. Maksym
- Department of Reproductive Health, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, 01-004 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Wiktor Paskal
- Centre for Preclinical Research, Department of Methodology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland; (W.P.); (K.P.); (Z.K.); (J.J.)
| | - Marcin Machnicki
- Department of Tumor Biology and Genetics, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland; (M.M.); (T.S.)
| | - Beata Rak
- Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland; (B.R.); (M.P.); (F.G.)
- Centre for Preclinical Research, Department of Methodology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland; (W.P.); (K.P.); (Z.K.); (J.J.)
- Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland; (M.B.-O.); (J.M.)
| | - Monika Pępek
- Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland; (B.R.); (M.P.); (F.G.)
- Department of Tumor Biology and Genetics, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland; (M.M.); (T.S.)
| | - Filip Garbicz
- Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland; (B.R.); (M.P.); (F.G.)
- Centre for Preclinical Research, Department of Methodology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland; (W.P.); (K.P.); (Z.K.); (J.J.)
- Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland; (M.B.-O.); (J.M.)
- Department of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Kacper Pełka
- Centre for Preclinical Research, Department of Methodology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland; (W.P.); (K.P.); (Z.K.); (J.J.)
| | - Zofia Kuśmierczyk
- Centre for Preclinical Research, Department of Methodology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland; (W.P.); (K.P.); (Z.K.); (J.J.)
| | - Joanna Jacko
- Centre for Preclinical Research, Department of Methodology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland; (W.P.); (K.P.); (Z.K.); (J.J.)
| | - Małgorzata Rydzanicz
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland; (A.K.); (M.R.); (R.P.)
| | - Magdalena Banach-Orłowska
- Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland; (M.B.-O.); (J.M.)
| | - Tomasz Stokłosa
- Department of Tumor Biology and Genetics, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland; (M.M.); (T.S.)
| | - Rafał Płoski
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland; (A.K.); (M.R.); (R.P.)
| | - Jacek Malejczyk
- Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland; (M.B.-O.); (J.M.)
- Laboratory for Experimental Immunology, Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, 01-163 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Paweł K. Włodarski
- Centre for Preclinical Research, Department of Methodology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland; (W.P.); (K.P.); (Z.K.); (J.J.)
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20
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Chou YC, Chen MJ, Chen PH, Chang CW, Yu MH, Chen YJ, Tsai EM, Tsai SF, Kuo WS, Tzeng CR. Integration of genome-wide association study and expression quantitative trait locus mapping for identification of endometriosis-associated genes. Sci Rep 2021; 11:478. [PMID: 33436679 PMCID: PMC7803948 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-79515-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
To determine whether genetic predisposition to endometriosis varies depending on ethnicity and in association with expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) in a Taiwanese population. We conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) and replicated it in 259 individuals with laparoscopy-confirmed stage III or IV endometriosis (cases) and 171 women without endometriosis (controls). Their genomic DNA was extracted from blood and evaluated by the GWAS of Taiwan Biobank Array. Novel genetic variants that predispose individuals to endometriosis were identified using GWAS and replication, including rs10739199 (P = 6.75 × 10-5) and rs2025392 (P = 8.01 × 10-5) at chromosome 9, rs1998998 (P = 6.5 × 10-6) at chromosome 14, and rs6576560 (P = 9.7 × 10-6) at chromosome 15. After imputation, strong signals were exhibited by rs10822312 (P = 1.80 × 10-7) at chromosome 10, rs58991632 (P = 1.92 × 10-6) and rs2273422 (P = 2.42 × 10-6) at chromosome 20, and rs12566078 (P = 2.5 × 10-6) at chromosome 1. We used the Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) database to observe eQTL. Among these SNPs, the cis-eQTL rs13126673 of inturned planar cell polarity protein (INTU) showed significant association with INTU expression (P = 5.1 × 10-33). Moreover, the eQTL analysis was performed on endometriotic tissues from women with endometriosis. The expression of INTU in 78 endometriotic tissue of women with endometriosis is associated with rs13126673 genotype (P = 0.034). To our knowledge, this is the first GWAS to link endometriosis and eQTL in a Taiwanese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Ching Chou
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, College of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.,Center for Intelligent Drug Systems and Smart Bio-devices (IDS2B), National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.,Center for Reproductive Medicine and Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Jer Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Women's Health, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pi-Hua Chen
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Wen Chang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mu-Hsien Yu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Jen Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Eing-Mei Tsai
- General Research Centers of R&D Office, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Division of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Feng Tsai
- Institute of Molecular and Genomic Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Wun-Syuan Kuo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chii-Ruey Tzeng
- Center for Reproductive Medicine and Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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21
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The Genetic Background of Endometriosis: Can ESR2 and CYP19A1 Genes Be a Potential Risk Factor for Its Development? Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21218235. [PMID: 33153202 PMCID: PMC7663510 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometriosis is defined as the presence of endometrial foci, localized beyond their primary site, i.e., the uterine cavity. The etiology of this disease is rather complex. Its development is supported by hormonal, immunological, and environmental factors. During recent years, particular attention has been focused on the genetic mechanisms that may be of particular significance for the increased incidence rates of endometriosis. According to most recent studies, ESR2 and CYP19A1 genes may account for the potential risk factors of infertility associated with endometriosis. The paper presents a thorough review of the latest reports and data concerning the genetic background of the risk for endometriosis development.
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22
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Candidate genes for age at menarche are associated with endometriosis. Reprod Biomed Online 2020; 41:943-956. [PMID: 33051137 DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2020.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Cardoso JV, Perini JA, Machado DE, Pinto R, Medeiros R. Systematic review of genome-wide association studies on susceptibility to endometriosis. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2020; 255:74-82. [PMID: 33113402 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2020.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Endometriosis is a complex and heterogeneous disease in which extrinsic and intrinsic factors, such as genetics, provide to the disease development. Genome-wide association (GWA) studies may be essential to recognize genetic variants associated with the endometriosis risk. However, in the current literature there are some conflicting results between these studies. The aim of the present study was to undertake a systematic review about endometriosis GWA studies, to describe the disease-associated genes and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to try to understand the endometriosis etiopathogenesis, besides to discuss possible bias of conflicting results among these studies. This study is a systematic review of GWA studies in endometriosis published until December 31th, 2019 by PubMed database, considering the following descriptors: endometriosis and ("polymorphism" or "SNP" or "genetic polymorphism" or "variants" or "locus") and ("GWA" or "Genome-wide" or "Genome wide" or "Genetic association study"). The included studies were analyzed with methodological rigor (STROBE and PRISMA) to enable better quality of case-control and meta-analysis studies, respectively. Of the 88 articles found, only 15 were eligible. All articles had appropriate quality evaluated by STROBE and PRISMA checklists (77% and 81%, respectively). Overall, 35,022 endometriosis cases and 181,760 controls were analyzed. The number of participants in each study was quite different (171 to 17,045 for the cases and 308 to 150,021 for the controls), with a predominance of European ethnicity. Most endometriosis cases (86%) were diagnosed by surgery, while selection of the control group was different among studies. About 47% performed only one stage (discovery stage) and 53% performed both the discovery and replication analyses. Eleven genes/SNPs were associated with endometriosis risk in more than one article (chromosome 1, 2, 6, 7, 9 and 12; WNT4, GREB1, FN1, IL1A, ETAA1, RND3, ID4, NFE2L3, CDKN2B-AS1 and VEZT). SNPs were localized in intergenic and intronic regions, their risk allele frequencies varied among the studies and their results were conflicting. In summary, WNT4 rs7521902, GREB1 rs13394619, FN1 rs1250248, IL1A rs6542095 and VEZT rs10859871 variants are highlighted due to high frequency and pathways and function that each gene influences in the development of endometriosis. However, the replication and validation of these variants in different populations are necessary for a better understanding of the endometriosis etiopathogenesis, in order to optimize the diagnosis and improve the efficiency of clinical treatment of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jéssica Vilarinho Cardoso
- Research Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University Centre of the West Zone, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Program of Post-graduation in Public Health and Environment, National School of Public Health, Oswald Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Jamila Alessandra Perini
- Research Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University Centre of the West Zone, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Program of Post-graduation in Public Health and Environment, National School of Public Health, Oswald Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Daniel Escorsim Machado
- Research Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University Centre of the West Zone, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Pinto
- Molecular Oncology Group-CI, Portuguese Institute of Oncology, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rui Medeiros
- Molecular Oncology Group-CI, Portuguese Institute of Oncology, Porto, Portugal
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Luo Y, Liu L, Li X, Shi Y. Avasimibe inhibits the proliferation, migration and invasion of glioma cells by suppressing linc00339. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 130:110508. [PMID: 32682982 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioma is one of the most destructive human tumours. Although standard treatment has improved the prognosis for glioma patients, the survival of glioma patients is still unsatisfactory. Avasimibe, an effective inhibitor of cholesterol acyltransferase 1 (ACAT1), has shown anti-tumour efficacy in many kinds of tumours. However, its role and related mechanism in glioma has not been fully elucidated. In the present study, we show that avasimibe effectively inhibits the proliferation, migration and invasion of glioma cell lines. Through LncRNA microarrays, we found that linc00339 levels were closely related to the anti-tumour effect of avasimibe. With the help of a series of functional assays, we show that avasimibe inhibits the proliferation, migration and invasion of glioma cell lines by suppressing linc00339 in vitro and in vivo. Our findings may provide a new approach for glioma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yidan Luo
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210006, China; Department of Neurosurgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210006, China
| | - Liang Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210006, China
| | - Xiaojian Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210006, China
| | - Yan Shi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210006, China.
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RNA-binding motif protein 43 (RBM43) suppresses hepatocellular carcinoma progression through modulation of cyclin B1 expression. Oncogene 2020; 39:5495-5506. [PMID: 32632220 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-020-1380-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
RNA-binding proteins play key roles in the posttranscriptional regulation of mRNA during cancer progression. Here, we show that RNA-binding motif protein 43 (RBM43) is significantly downregulated in human tumors, and its low expression is correlated with poor prognosis in patients with HCC. Overexpression of RBM43 suppressed cell proliferation in culture and resulted in the growth arrest of tumor xenografts, whereas downregulating RBM43 played an opposite role. We have also demonstrated that overexpression or knockdown of RBM43 affects the cell-cycle progression of liver cancer cells. Mechanistically, RBM43 directly associated with the 3'UTR of Cyclin B1 mRNA and regulated its expression. Moreover, loss of Rbm43 in mice promoted liver carcinogenesis and HCC development after diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) treatment. Taken together, our data indicate that RBM43 is a tumor suppressor that controls the cell cycle through modulation of Cyclin B1 expression, providing evidence that RBM43 is particularly important in HCC.
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Zubrzycka A, Zubrzycki M, Perdas E, Zubrzycka M. Genetic, Epigenetic, and Steroidogenic Modulation Mechanisms in Endometriosis. J Clin Med 2020; 9:E1309. [PMID: 32370117 PMCID: PMC7291215 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9051309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Endometriosis is a chronic gynecological disease, affecting up to 10% of reproductive-age women. The exact cause of the disease is unknown; however, it is a heritable condition affected by multiple genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors. Previous studies reported variations in the epigenetic patterns of numerous genes known to be involved in the aberrant modulation of cell cycle steroidogenesis, abnormal hormonal, immune and inflammatory status in endometriosis, apoptosis, adhesion, angiogenesis, proliferation, immune and inflammatory processes, response to hypoxia, steroidogenic pathway and hormone signaling are involved in the pathogenesis of endometriosis. Accumulating evidence suggest that various epigenetic aberrations may contribute to the pathogenesis of endometriosis. Among them, DNA methyltransferases, histone deacetylators, and non-coding microRNAs demonstrate differential expression within endometriotic lesions and in the endometrium of patients with endometriosis. It has been indicated that the identification of epigenetic differences within the DNA or histone proteins may contribute to the discovery of a useful prognostic biomarker, which could aid in the future earlier detection, timely diagnosis, and initiation of a new approach to the treatment of endometriosis, as well as inform us about the effectiveness of treatment and the stage of the disease. As the etiology of endometriosis is highly complex and still far from being fully elucidated, the presented review focuses on different approaches to identify the genetic and epigenetic links of endometriosis and its pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Zubrzycka
- Department of Biomedicine and Genetics, Medical University of Lodz, Pomorska 251, 92-213 Lodz, Poland; Poland;
- Department of Operative and Conservative Gynecology, K. Jonscher Memorial Hospital, Milionowa 14, 93-113 Lodz, Poland
| | - Marek Zubrzycki
- Department of Cardiac Surgery and Transplantology, The Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski Institute of Cardiology, Alpejska 42, 04-628 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Ewelina Perdas
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Mazowiecka 6/8, 92-215 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Maria Zubrzycka
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Mazowiecka 6/8, 92-215 Lodz, Poland;
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Viana PCS, Mendes ACDM, Delgado LF, Tostes G, Gonçalves L, Gonçalves Júnior H, Raposo NRB, Vitral GSF, Gerheim PSAS. Association between Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms and Endometriosis in a Brazilian Population. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE GINECOLOGIA E OBSTETRÍCIA 2020; 42:146-151. [PMID: 32232822 PMCID: PMC10798272 DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1708460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the association between genetic polymorphisms in candidate genes or candidate regions and the development of endometriosis in Brazilian women. METHODS A total of 30 women between 25 and 64 years old with a diagnosis of endometriosis participated in the present study, as well as 30 matched control women from the same age group, asymptomatic and without family history of the disease. The patients genotypic and allelic frequencies of polymorphisms in the GREB1 gene (rs13394619) and in the intergenic region at position 7p15.2 (rs12700667) were analyzed and compared. RESULTS There was no significant difference in the frequency of genotypes for the A > G polymorphism (rs13394619) in the GREB1 gene between the two groups. However, the distribution frequencies of the genotypes for the A > G polymorphism (rs12700667) in an intergenic region on chromosome 7 were different for control patients and for patients with endometriosis, with higher frequency of the AG genotype compared to the GG between patients with the disease (odds ratio [OR] = 3.49; confidence interval [CI] = 1.47-8.26). CONCLUSION The present study suggests that the polymorphism in the intergenic region of chromosome 7 is associated with the risk of developing endometriosis in a population of Brazilian women from Juiz de Fora.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Coelho Silva Viana
- Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Campus Governador Valadares, Governador Valadares, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Lucas Farah Delgado
- Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Campus Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Tostes
- Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Campus Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
| | - Lidiane Gonçalves
- Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Campus Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
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Montgomery GW, Mortlock S, Giudice LC. Should Genetics Now Be Considered the Pre-eminent Etiologic Factor in Endometriosis? J Minim Invasive Gynecol 2020; 27:280-286. [PMID: 31683028 PMCID: PMC7863762 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmig.2019.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Endometriosis is a common, estrogen-dependent, inflammatory disorder characterized by the growth of endometrial-like tissue at extrauterine locations. Its pathogenesis and mechanisms underlying its pathophysiology are poorly understood, although genetic variation is strongly implicated in these processes. Genetic studies reveal that approximately 50% of risk for endometriosis is due to genetic factors and the other 50% likely owing to environmental factors. As with other complex diseases, genetic variants in the DNA sequence increasing endometriosis risk all have small effects, unlike most single-gene disorders. It is the combinations of these variants adding together that contribute to higher risks for individual women. In addition, recent data on disease lesions demonstrate a high frequency of somatic (likely acquired) mutations, some of which are present in the eutopic endometrium and specifically in the epithelial cell compartment, raising the possibility that abnormal epithelial progenitors in the eutopic endometrium give rise to ectopic disease. Discovery in this field is occurring at a rapid pace, and further definitions of genetic (germline) and environmental (somatic) contributions to the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of this disorder are anticipated soon. These discoveries are expected to increase diagnostic, therapeutic, and preventive strategies to minimize disease and its associated morbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grant W Montgomery
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia (Drs. Montgomery and Mortlock).
| | - Sally Mortlock
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia (Drs. Montgomery and Mortlock)
| | - Linda C Giudice
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California (Dr. Giudice)
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Suda K, Nakaoka H, Yoshihara K, Ishiguro T, Tamura R, Mori Y, Yamawaki K, Adachi S, Takahashi T, Kase H, Tanaka K, Yamamoto T, Motoyama T, Inoue I, Enomoto T. Clonal Expansion and Diversification of Cancer-Associated Mutations in Endometriosis and Normal Endometrium. Cell Rep 2019; 24:1777-1789. [PMID: 30110635 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.07.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 254] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Revised: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometriosis is characterized by ectopic endometrial-like epithelium and stroma, of which molecular characteristics remain to be fully elucidated. We sequenced 107 ovarian endometriotic and 82 normal uterine endometrial epithelium samples isolated by laser microdissection. In both endometriotic and normal epithelium samples, numerous somatic mutations were identified within genes frequently mutated in endometriosis-associated ovarian cancers. KRAS is frequently mutated in endometriotic epithelium, with a higher mutant allele frequency (MAF) accompanied by arm-level allelic imbalances. Analyses of MAF, combined with multiregional sequencing, illuminated spatiotemporal evolution of the endometriosis and uterine endometrium genomes. We sequenced 109 single endometrial glands and found that each gland carried distinct cancer-associated mutations, demonstrating the heterogeneity of the genomic architecture of endometrial epithelium. Remarkable increases in MAF of mutations in cancer-associated genes in endometriotic epithelium suggest retrograde flow of endometrial cells already harboring cancer-associated mutations, with selective advantages at ectopic sites, leading to the development of endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuaki Suda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Nakaoka
- Division of Human Genetics, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima 411-8540, Japan
| | - Kosuke Yoshihara
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata 951-8510, Japan.
| | - Tatsuya Ishiguro
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - Ryo Tamura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - Yutaro Mori
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - Kaoru Yamawaki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - Sosuke Adachi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - Tomoko Takahashi
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kase
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagaoka Chuo General Hospital, Nagaoka 940-8653, Japan
| | - Kenichi Tanaka
- Niigata Medical Center Hospital, Niigata 950-2022, Japan
| | - Tadashi Yamamoto
- COI-s Biofluid Biomarker Center, Institute of Research Collaboration and Promotion, Niigata University, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
| | - Teiichi Motoyama
- Department of Molecular and Diagnostic Pathology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - Ituro Inoue
- Division of Human Genetics, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima 411-8540, Japan.
| | - Takayuki Enomoto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata 951-8510, Japan.
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30
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Gallagher CS, Mäkinen N, Harris HR, Rahmioglu N, Uimari O, Cook JP, Shigesi N, Ferreira T, Velez-Edwards DR, Edwards TL, Mortlock S, Ruhioglu Z, Day F, Becker CM, Karhunen V, Martikainen H, Järvelin MR, Cantor RM, Ridker PM, Terry KL, Buring JE, Gordon SD, Medland SE, Montgomery GW, Nyholt DR, Hinds DA, Tung JY, Perry JRB, Lind PA, Painter JN, Martin NG, Morris AP, Chasman DI, Missmer SA, Zondervan KT, Morton CC. Genome-wide association and epidemiological analyses reveal common genetic origins between uterine leiomyomata and endometriosis. Nat Commun 2019; 10:4857. [PMID: 31649266 PMCID: PMC6813337 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12536-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Uterine leiomyomata (UL) are the most common neoplasms of the female reproductive tract and primary cause for hysterectomy, leading to considerable morbidity and high economic burden. Here we conduct a GWAS meta-analysis in 35,474 cases and 267,505 female controls of European ancestry, identifying eight novel genome-wide significant (P < 5 × 10-8) loci, in addition to confirming 21 previously reported loci, including multiple independent signals at 10 loci. Phenotypic stratification of UL by heavy menstrual bleeding in 3409 cases and 199,171 female controls reveals genome-wide significant associations at three of the 29 UL loci: 5p15.33 (TERT), 5q35.2 (FGFR4) and 11q22.3 (ATM). Four loci identified in the meta-analysis are also associated with endometriosis risk; an epidemiological meta-analysis across 402,868 women suggests at least a doubling of risk for UL diagnosis among those with a history of endometriosis. These findings increase our understanding of genetic contribution and biology underlying UL development, and suggest overlapping genetic origins with endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- C S Gallagher
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - N Mäkinen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - H R Harris
- Program in Epidemiology, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - N Rahmioglu
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - O Uimari
- Endometriosis CaRe Centre, Nuffield Department of Women's and Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oulu University Hospital and PEDEGO Research Unit & Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, 90220, Oulu, Finland
| | - J P Cook
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3GL, UK
| | - N Shigesi
- Endometriosis CaRe Centre, Nuffield Department of Women's and Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - T Ferreira
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK.,Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Center for Health Information and Discovery, Oxford University, Oxford, OX3 7LF, UK
| | - D R Velez-Edwards
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Institute for Medicine and Public Health, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37203, USA
| | - T L Edwards
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Institute for Medicine and Public Health, Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37203, USA
| | - S Mortlock
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Z Ruhioglu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - F Day
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - C M Becker
- Endometriosis CaRe Centre, Nuffield Department of Women's and Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - V Karhunen
- Center for Life Course Health Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, 90220, Oulu, Finland.,Unit of Primary Health Care, Oulu University Hospital, 90220, Oulu, Finland.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, W2 1PG, UK
| | - H Martikainen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oulu University Hospital and PEDEGO Research Unit & Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, 90220, Oulu, Finland
| | - M-R Järvelin
- Center for Life Course Health Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, 90220, Oulu, Finland.,Unit of Primary Health Care, Oulu University Hospital, 90220, Oulu, Finland.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, W2 1PG, UK.,Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, 90220, Oulu, Finland.,Department of Life Sciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, Middlesex, UB8 3PH, UK
| | - R M Cantor
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - P M Ridker
- Division of Preventative Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - K L Terry
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Epidemiology Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - J E Buring
- Division of Preventative Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - S D Gordon
- Genetic Epidemiology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, 4006, Australia
| | - S E Medland
- Psychiatric Genetics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, 4006, Australia
| | - G W Montgomery
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia.,Genetic Epidemiology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, 4006, Australia
| | - D R Nyholt
- Genetic Epidemiology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, 4006, Australia.,Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation and School of Biomedical Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, 4059, Australia
| | - D A Hinds
- 23andMe, Mountain View, CA, 94041, USA
| | - J Y Tung
- 23andMe, Mountain View, CA, 94041, USA
| | | | - J R B Perry
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - P A Lind
- Psychiatric Genetics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, 4006, Australia
| | - J N Painter
- Psychiatric Genetics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, 4006, Australia
| | - N G Martin
- Genetic Epidemiology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, 4006, Australia
| | - A P Morris
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK.,Department of Biostatistics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3GL, UK
| | - D I Chasman
- Division of Preventative Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - S A Missmer
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA
| | - K T Zondervan
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK.,Endometriosis CaRe Centre, Nuffield Department of Women's and Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - C C Morton
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA. .,Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA. .,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA. .,Manchester Centre for Audiology and Deafness, Manchester Academic Health Science Center, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
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31
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Petracco R, Dias ACDO, Taylor H, Petracco Á, Badalotti M, Michelon JDR, Marinowic DR, Hentschke M, Azevedo PND, Zanirati G, Machado DC. Evaluation of miR-135a/b expression in endometriosis lesions. Biomed Rep 2019; 11:181-187. [PMID: 31565224 DOI: 10.3892/br.2019.1237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of endometriosis is not clear; however, microRNAs (miRNAs/miRs) are involved in the pathogenesis. miRNAs are short noncoding RNAs involved in post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression by silencing the expression of target genes. The expression of miR-135a/b is associated with endometrial receptivity and implantation; the expression is also associated with the expression of certain genes, including homeobox protein Hox-A10 (HOXA-10). The present study investigated the expression of miR-135a/b in eutopic and ectopic endometrium tissues throughout the different phases of the menstrual cycle. Samples of ectopic endometriosis lesions and eutopic endometrium tissue from 23 patients who underwent laparoscopic surgery were obtained and analyzed. miRNA was extracted and the expression levels of miR-135a/b were determined by reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction assays using U6 as a housekeeping control. The expression levels of miR-135a and miR-135b in endometriosis lesions were decreased compared with the levels in endometrium tissue. However, miR-135a/b expression levels were increased in the secretory phase compared with the proliferative phase in endometriosis lesions. The increased expression of miR-135a/b during the secretory phase compared with the proliferative phase suggested that these genes serve a determinant role in the homeostasis of reproductive tissue. Therefore, the expression of genes may affect endometrial functioning, impairing embryo implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafaella Petracco
- School of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul 90610-000, Brazil.,Fertilitat Center of Reproductive Medicine, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul 90610-000, Brazil
| | | | - Hugh Taylor
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520-8063, USA
| | - Álvaro Petracco
- School of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul 90610-000, Brazil.,Fertilitat Center of Reproductive Medicine, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul 90610-000, Brazil
| | - Mariângela Badalotti
- School of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul 90610-000, Brazil.,Fertilitat Center of Reproductive Medicine, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul 90610-000, Brazil
| | - João Da Rosa Michelon
- School of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul 90610-000, Brazil.,Fertilitat Center of Reproductive Medicine, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul 90610-000, Brazil
| | - Daniel Rodrigo Marinowic
- School of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul 90610-000, Brazil.,Fertilitat Center of Reproductive Medicine, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul 90610-000, Brazil.,Brain Institute of Rio Grande do Sul (BraIns), Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul 90610-000, Brazil
| | - Marta Hentschke
- School of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul 90610-000, Brazil.,Fertilitat Center of Reproductive Medicine, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul 90610-000, Brazil
| | - Pamella Nunes De Azevedo
- School of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul 90610-000, Brazil.,Brain Institute of Rio Grande do Sul (BraIns), Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul 90610-000, Brazil
| | - Gabriele Zanirati
- School of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul 90610-000, Brazil.,Brain Institute of Rio Grande do Sul (BraIns), Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul 90610-000, Brazil
| | - Denise Cantarelli Machado
- School of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul 90610-000, Brazil.,Brain Institute of Rio Grande do Sul (BraIns), Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul 90610-000, Brazil
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Kiesel
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - M. Sourouni
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital of Münster, Münster, Germany
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Vassilopoulou L, Matalliotakis M, Zervou MI, Matalliotaki C, Krithinakis K, Matalliotakis I, Spandidos DA, Goulielmos GN. Defining the genetic profile of endometriosis. Exp Ther Med 2019; 17:3267-3281. [PMID: 30988702 PMCID: PMC6447774 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.7346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Endometriosis is a pathological condition which has been extensively studied, since its pathophysiology stems from a broad spectrum of environmental influences and genetic factors. Familial studies aim at defining inheritance trends, while linkage analysis studies focus on the identification of genetic sites related to endometriosis susceptibility. Genetic association studies take into account candidate genes and single nucleotide polymorphisms, and hence target at unraveling the association between disease severity and genetic variation. The common goal of various types of studies is, through genetic mapping methods, the timely identification of therapeutic strategies for disease symptoms, including pelvic pain and infertility, as well as efficient counselling. While genome-wide association studies (GWAS) play a primary role in depicting genetic contributions to disease development, they entail a certain bias as regards the case-control nature of their design and the reproducibility of the results. Nevertheless, genetic-oriented studies and the implementation of the results through clinical tests, hold a considerable advantage in proper disease management. In this review article, we present information about gene-gene and gene-environment interactions involved in endometriosis and discuss the effectiveness of GWAS in identitying novel potential therapeutic targets in an attempt to develop novel therapeutic strategies for a better management and treatment of patients with endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loukia Vassilopoulou
- Laboratory of Forensic Sciences and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion 71003, Greece
| | - Michail Matalliotakis
- Third Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Venizeleio and Pananio General Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion 71409, Greece
| | - Maria I Zervou
- Section of Molecular Pathology and Human Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion 71003, Greece
| | - Charoula Matalliotaki
- Third Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Venizeleio and Pananio General Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion 71409, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Krithinakis
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion 71500, Greece
| | - Ioannis Matalliotakis
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Venizeleio and Pananio General Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion 71409, Greece
| | - Demetrios A Spandidos
- Laboratory of Clinical Virology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion 71003, Greece
| | - George N Goulielmos
- Section of Molecular Pathology and Human Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion 71003, Greece
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Elevated peritoneal fluid ceramides in human endometriosis-associated infertility and their effects on mouse oocyte maturation. Fertil Steril 2019; 110:767-777.e5. [PMID: 30196975 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2018.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Revised: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To characterize the peritoneal fluid (PF) sphingolipid profile in endometriosis-associated infertility (EAI), and to assess the plausible functional role(s) of ceramides in oocyte maturation potential. DESIGN Retrospective case-control study and in vitro mouse oocyte study. SETTING University-affiliated hospital and university laboratory. SUBJECTS Twenty-seven infertile patients diagnosed with endometriosis and 20 infertile patients who did not have endometriosis; BALB/c female mice. INTERVENTION(S) None. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) PF sphingolipid concentrations. Number of metaphase II (MII) mouse oocytes. RESULT(S) Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry revealed 11 significantly elevated PF sphingolipids in infertile women with severe endometriosis compared with infertile women without endometriosis (change >50%, false discovery rate ≤10%). Logistic regression analysis identified three very-long-chain ceramides potentially associated with EAI. Functional studies revealed that very-long-chain ceramides may compromise or induce murine MII oocyte maturation. The oocyte maturation effects induced by the very long-chain ceramides were triggered by alterations in mitochondrial superoxide production in a concentration-dependent manner. Scavenging of mitochondrial superoxide reversed the maturation effects of C24:0 ceramide. CONCLUSION(S) EAI is associated with accumulation of PF very-long-chain ceramides. Mouse studies demonstrated how ceramides affect MII oocyte maturation, mediating through mitochondrial superoxide. These results provide an opportunity for direct functional readout of pathophysiology in EAI, and future therapies targeted at this sphingolipid metabolism may be harnessed for improved oocyte maturation.
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Simpson CL, Musolf AM, Li Q, Portas L, Murgia F, Cordero RY, Cordero JB, Moiz BA, Holzinger ER, Middlebrooks CD, Lewis DD, Bailey-Wilson JE, Stambolian D. Exome genotyping and linkage analysis identifies two novel linked regions and replicates two others for myopia in Ashkenazi Jewish families. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2019; 20:27. [PMID: 30704416 PMCID: PMC6357511 DOI: 10.1186/s12881-019-0752-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myopia is one of most common eye diseases in the world and affects 1 in 4 Americans. It is a complex disease caused by both environmental and genetics effects; the genetics effects are still not well understood. In this study, we performed genetic linkage analyses on Ashkenazi Jewish families with a strong familial history of myopia to elucidate any potential causal genes. METHODS Sixty-four extended Ashkenazi Jewish families were previously collected from New Jersey. Genotypes from the Illumina ExomePlus array were merged with prior microsatellite linkage data from these families. Additional custom markers were added for candidate regions reported in literature for myopia or refractive error. Myopia was defined as mean spherical equivalent (MSE) of -1D or worse and parametric two-point linkage analyses (using TwoPointLods) and multi-point linkage analyses (using SimWalk2) were performed as well as collapsed haplotype pattern (CHP) analysis in SEQLinkage and association analyses performed with FBAT and rv-TDT. RESULTS Strongest evidence of linkage was on 1p36(two-point LOD = 4.47) a region previously linked to refractive error (MYP14) but not myopia. Another genome-wide significant locus was found on 8q24.22 with a maximum two-point LOD score of 3.75. CHP analysis also detected the signal on 1p36, localized to the LINC00339 gene with a maximum HLOD of 3.47, as well as genome-wide significant signals on 7q36.1 and 11p15, which overlaps with the MYP7 locus. CONCLUSIONS We identified 2 novel linkage peaks for myopia on chromosomes 7 and 8 in these Ashkenazi Jewish families and replicated 2 more loci on chromosomes 1 and 11, one previously reported in refractive error but not myopia in these families and the other locus previously reported in the literature. Strong candidate genes have been identified within these linkage peaks in our families. Targeted sequencing in these regions will be necessary to definitively identify causal variants under these linkage peaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire L Simpson
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics and Department of Ophthalmology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 71 S. Manassas Room 417, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA.,Computational and Statistical Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Dr., Suite 1200, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Anthony M Musolf
- Computational and Statistical Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Dr., Suite 1200, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Qing Li
- Computational and Statistical Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Dr., Suite 1200, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Laura Portas
- Computational and Statistical Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Dr., Suite 1200, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Federico Murgia
- Computational and Statistical Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Dr., Suite 1200, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Roberto Y Cordero
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics and Department of Ophthalmology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 71 S. Manassas Room 417, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
| | - Jennifer B Cordero
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics and Department of Ophthalmology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 71 S. Manassas Room 417, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
| | - Bilal A Moiz
- Computational and Statistical Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Dr., Suite 1200, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Emily R Holzinger
- Computational and Statistical Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Dr., Suite 1200, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Candace D Middlebrooks
- Computational and Statistical Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Dr., Suite 1200, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Deyana D Lewis
- Computational and Statistical Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Dr., Suite 1200, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Joan E Bailey-Wilson
- Computational and Statistical Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Dr., Suite 1200, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA.
| | - Dwight Stambolian
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pennsylvania, Rm. 313, Stellar Chance Labs, 422 Curie Blvd, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
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36
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Li X, Ye J, Han X, Qiao R, Li X, Lv G, Wang K. Whole-genome sequencing identifies potential candidate genes for reproductive traits in pigs. Genomics 2019; 112:199-206. [PMID: 30707936 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2019.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2018] [Revised: 01/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Reproductive performance is a complex quantitative trait, that is determined by multiple genes, regulatory pathways and environmental factors. A list of major genes with large effect have been detected, although multiple QTLs are identified. To identify candidate genes for pig prolificacy, whole genome variants from five high- and five low-prolificacy Yorkshire sows were collected using whole-genome resequencing. A total of 13,955,609 SNPs and 2,666,366 indels were detected across the genome. Common differential SNPs and indels were identified between the two groups of sows. Genes encoding components of the TGF-beta signaling pathway were enriched with the variations, including BMP5, BMP6, BMP7, ACVR1, INHBA, ZFYVE9, TGFBR2, DCN, ID4, BAMBI, and ACVR2A. Several differential variants within these genes related to reproductive traits were identified to be associated with litter size. A comparison of selective regions and published QTL data suggests that NEDD9, SLC39A11, SNCA, and UNC5D are candidate genes for reproduction traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinjian Li
- College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianwei Ye
- College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuelei Han
- College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruimin Qiao
- College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiuling Li
- College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Lv
- College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Kejun Wang
- College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China.
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Wang X, Chen T, Zhang Y, Zhang N, Li C, Li Y, Liu Y, Zhang H, Zhao W, Chen B, Wang L, Yang Q. Long noncoding RNA Linc00339 promotes triple‐negative breast cancer progression through miR‐377‐3p/HOXC6 signaling pathway. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:13303-13317. [PMID: 30618083 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery Qilu Hospital, Shandong University Jinan Shandong China
| | - Tong Chen
- Department of Breast Surgery Qilu Hospital, Shandong University Jinan Shandong China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University Jinan Shandong China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Department of Breast Surgery Qilu Hospital, Shandong University Jinan Shandong China
| | - Chen Li
- Department of Breast Surgery Qilu Hospital, Shandong University Jinan Shandong China
| | - Yaming Li
- Department of Breast Surgery Qilu Hospital, Shandong University Jinan Shandong China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Breast Surgery Qilu Hospital, Shandong University Jinan Shandong China
| | - Hanwen Zhang
- Department of Breast Surgery Qilu Hospital, Shandong University Jinan Shandong China
| | - Wenjing Zhao
- Department of Pathology Tissue Bank Qilu Hospital, Shandong University Jinan Shandong China
| | - Bing Chen
- Department of Pathology Tissue Bank Qilu Hospital, Shandong University Jinan Shandong China
| | - Lijuan Wang
- Department of Pathology Tissue Bank Qilu Hospital, Shandong University Jinan Shandong China
| | - Qifeng Yang
- Department of Breast Surgery Qilu Hospital, Shandong University Jinan Shandong China
- Department of Pathology Tissue Bank Qilu Hospital, Shandong University Jinan Shandong China
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38
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Gammill HS, Chettier R, Brewer A, Roberts JM, Shree R, Tsigas E, Ward K. Cardiomyopathy and Preeclampsia. Circulation 2018; 138:2359-2366. [DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.117.031527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hilary S. Gammill
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle (H.S.G., R.S.)
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle (H.S.G.)
| | - Rakesh Chettier
- Taueret Laboratories LLC, Salt Lake City, UT (R.C., A.B., K.W.)
| | - Alina Brewer
- Taueret Laboratories LLC, Salt Lake City, UT (R.C., A.B., K.W.)
- The Preeclampsia Registry, Preeclampsia Foundation, Melbourne, FL (A.B., E.T.)
| | - James M. Roberts
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Epidemiology and Clinical and Translational Research, University of Pittsburgh, PA (J.M.R.)
| | - Raj Shree
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle (H.S.G., R.S.)
| | - Eleni Tsigas
- The Preeclampsia Registry, Preeclampsia Foundation, Melbourne, FL (A.B., E.T.)
| | - Kenneth Ward
- Taueret Laboratories LLC, Salt Lake City, UT (R.C., A.B., K.W.)
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Abstract
Endometriosis is a common inflammatory disease characterized by the presence of tissue outside the uterus that resembles endometrium, mainly on pelvic organs and tissues. It affects ~5-10% of women in their reproductive years - translating to 176 million women worldwide - and is associated with pelvic pain and infertility. Diagnosis is reliably established only through surgical visualization with histological verification, although ovarian endometrioma and deep nodular forms of disease can be detected through ultrasonography and MRI. Retrograde menstruation is regarded as an important origin of the endometrial deposits, but other factors are involved, including a favourable endocrine and metabolic environment, epithelial-mesenchymal transition and altered immunity and inflammatory responses in genetically susceptible women. Current treatments are dictated by the primary indication (infertility or pelvic pain) and are limited to surgery and hormonal treatments and analgesics with many adverse effects that rarely provide long-term relief. Endometriosis substantially affects the quality of life of women and their families and imposes costs on society similar to those of other chronic conditions such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, Crohn's disease and rheumatoid arthritis. Future research must focus on understanding the pathogenesis, identifying disease subtypes, developing non-invasive diagnostic methods and targeting non-hormonal treatments that are acceptable to women who wish to conceive.
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40
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Fung JN, Montgomery GW. Genetics of endometriosis: State of the art on genetic risk factors for endometriosis. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol 2018; 50:61-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2018.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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41
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Analyses of long non-coding RNA and mRNA profiling using RNA sequencing in calcium oxalate monohydrate-stimulated renal tubular epithelial cells. Urolithiasis 2018; 47:225-234. [PMID: 29947995 DOI: 10.1007/s00240-018-1065-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
To study the expression profiles of lncRNA and mRNA in the calcium oxalate monohydrate-attached HK-2 cells, and investigate the association between critical lncRNA expression level and renal injury. The HK-2 cells were treated with crystal suspension of calcium oxalate. The effects of calcium oxalate crystals on the growth of HK-2 cells were determined by MTT assay. Total RNA was extracted and the lncRNA and mRNA expression profiles were analyzed by high-throughput transcriptase sequencing platform HiSeq 2500. The profile of identified lncRNAs and mRNAs were verified by real-time PCR and their potential function was analyzed by Gene Ontology database and KEGG signal pathway analysis. Calcium oxalate crystals adhered to the surface of HK-2 cells in few minutes and showed obvious cytotoxicity. RNA seq results showed that there were 25 differentially expressed lncRNAs in HK-2 cells treated with calcium oxalate crystals, of which 9 were up-regulated and 16 were down-regulated. The difference was verified by real-time PCR which showed statistically significant (P < 0.05). Calcium oxalate crystals have a significant effect on lncRNA and mRNA expression in human renal epithelial cells, which may play critical roles in kidney stone-mediated renal injury.
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42
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Chen XF, Zhu DL, Yang M, Hu WX, Duan YY, Lu BJ, Rong Y, Dong SS, Hao RH, Chen JB, Chen YX, Yao S, Thynn HN, Guo Y, Yang TL. An Osteoporosis Risk SNP at 1p36.12 Acts as an Allele-Specific Enhancer to Modulate LINC00339 Expression via Long-Range Loop Formation. Am J Hum Genet 2018; 102:776-793. [PMID: 29706346 PMCID: PMC5986728 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2018.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have reproducibly associated variants within intergenic regions of 1p36.12 locus with osteoporosis, but the functional roles underlying these noncoding variants are unknown. Through an integrative functional genomic and epigenomic analyses, we prioritized rs6426749 as a potential causal SNP for osteoporosis at 1p36.12. Dual-luciferase assay and CRISPR/Cas9 experiments demonstrate that rs6426749 acts as a distal allele-specific enhancer regulating expression of a lncRNA (LINC00339) (∼360 kb) via long-range chromatin loop formation and that this loop is mediated by CTCF occupied near rs6426749 and LINC00339 promoter region. Specifically, rs6426749-G allele can bind transcription factor TFAP2A, which efficiently elevates the enhancer activity and increases LINC00339 expression. Downregulation of LINC00339 significantly increases the expression of CDC42 in osteoblast cells, which is a pivotal regulator involved in bone metabolism. Our study provides mechanistic insight into how a noncoding SNP affects osteoporosis by long-range interaction, a finding that could indicate promising therapeutic targets for osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Feng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, and Institute of Molecular Genetics, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
| | - Dong-Li Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, and Institute of Molecular Genetics, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
| | - Man Yang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, and Institute of Molecular Genetics, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
| | - Wei-Xin Hu
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, and Institute of Molecular Genetics, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Duan
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, and Institute of Molecular Genetics, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
| | - Bing-Jie Lu
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, and Institute of Molecular Genetics, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
| | - Yu Rong
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, and Institute of Molecular Genetics, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
| | - Shan-Shan Dong
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, and Institute of Molecular Genetics, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
| | - Ruo-Han Hao
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, and Institute of Molecular Genetics, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
| | - Jia-Bin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, and Institute of Molecular Genetics, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
| | - Yi-Xiao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, and Institute of Molecular Genetics, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
| | - Shi Yao
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, and Institute of Molecular Genetics, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
| | - Hlaing Nwe Thynn
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, and Institute of Molecular Genetics, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
| | - Yan Guo
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, and Institute of Molecular Genetics, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China.
| | - Tie-Lin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, and Institute of Molecular Genetics, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China.
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Borghese B, Santulli P, Marcellin L, Chapron C. [Definition, description, clinicopathological features, pathogenesis and natural history of endometriosis: CNGOF-HAS Endometriosis Guidelines]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [PMID: 29540335 DOI: 10.1016/j.gofs.2018.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Endometriosis and adenomyosis are histologically defined. The frequency of endometriosis cannot be precisely estimated in the general population. Endometriosis is considered a disease when it causes pain and/or infertility. Endometriosis is a heterogeneous disease with three well-recognized subtypes that are often associated with each other: superficial endometriosis (SUP), ovarian endometrioma (OMA), and deep infiltrating endometriosis (DIE). DIE is frequently multifocal and mainly affects the following structures: the uterosacral ligaments, the posterior vaginal cul-de-sac, the bladder, the ureters, and the digestive tract (rectum, recto-sigmoid junction, appendix). The role of menstrual reflux in the pathophysiology of endometriosis is major and explains the asymmetric distribution of lesions, which predominate in the posterior compartment of the pelvis and on the left (NP3). All factors favoring menstrual reflux increase the risk of endometriosis (early menarche, short cycles, AUB, etc.). Inflammation and biosteroid hormones synthesis are the main mechanisms favoring the implantation and the growth of the lesions. Pain associated with endometriosis can be explained by nociception, hyperalgia, and central sensitization, associated to varying degrees in a single patient. Typology of pain (dysmenorrhea, deep dyspareunia, digestive or urinary symptoms) is correlated with the location of the lesions. Infertility associated with endometriosis can be explained by several non-exclusive mechanisms: a pelvic factor (inflammation), disrupting natural fertilization; an ovarian factor, related to oocyte quality and/or quantity; a uterine factor disrupting implantation. The pelvic factor can be fixed by surgical excision of the lesions that improves the chance of natural conception (NP2). The uterine factor can be corrected by an ovulation-blocking treatment that improves the chances of getting pregnant by in vitro fertilization (NP2). The impact of endometrioma exeresis on the ovarian reserve (NP2) should be considered when a surgery is scheduled. Endometriosis is a multifactorial disease, resulting from combined action of genetic and environmental factors. The risk of developing endometriosis for a first-degree relative is five times higher than in the general population (NP2). Identification of genetic variants involved in the disease has no implication for clinical practice for the moment. The role of environmental factors, particularly endocrine disrupters, is plausible but not demonstrated. Literature review does not support the progression of endometriosis over time, either in terms of the volume or the number of the lesions (NP3). The risk of acute digestive occlusion or functional loss of a kidney in patients followed for endometriosis seems exceptional. These complications were revealing the disease in the majority of cases. IVF does not increase the intensity of pain associated with endometriosis (NP2). There is few data on the influence of pregnancy on the lesions, except the possibility of a decidualization of the lesions that may give them a suspicious aspect on imaging. The impact of endometriosis on pregnancy is debated. There is an epidemiological association between endometriosis and rare subtypes of ovarian cancer (endometrioid and clear cell carcinomas) (NP2). However, the relative risk is moderate (around 1.3) (NP2) and the causal relationship between endometriosis and ovarian cancer is not demonstrated so far. Considering the low incidence of endometriosis-associated ovarian cancer, there is no argument to propose a screening or a risk reducing strategy for the patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Borghese
- Service de chirurgie gynécologie obstétrique 2 et médecine de la reproduction, CHU Cochin, AP-HP, 27, rue du Faubourg-Saint-Jacques, 75014 Paris, France; Équipe génomique, épigénétique et physiopathologie de la reproduction, Inserm U1016, département développement, reproduction, cancer, université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris cité, 12, rue de l'École-de-médecine, 75270 Paris cedex 06, France.
| | - P Santulli
- Service de chirurgie gynécologie obstétrique 2 et médecine de la reproduction, CHU Cochin, AP-HP, 27, rue du Faubourg-Saint-Jacques, 75014 Paris, France; Équipe génomique, épigénétique et physiopathologie de la reproduction, Inserm U1016, département développement, reproduction, cancer, université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris cité, 12, rue de l'École-de-médecine, 75270 Paris cedex 06, France
| | - L Marcellin
- Service de chirurgie gynécologie obstétrique 2 et médecine de la reproduction, CHU Cochin, AP-HP, 27, rue du Faubourg-Saint-Jacques, 75014 Paris, France; Équipe stress oxydant, prolifération cellulaire et inflammation, Inserm U1016, département développement, reproduction, cancer, université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris cité, 12, rue de l'École-de-médecine, 75270 Paris cedex 06, France
| | - C Chapron
- Service de chirurgie gynécologie obstétrique 2 et médecine de la reproduction, CHU Cochin, AP-HP, 27, rue du Faubourg-Saint-Jacques, 75014 Paris, France; Équipe génomique, épigénétique et physiopathologie de la reproduction, Inserm U1016, département développement, reproduction, cancer, université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris cité, 12, rue de l'École-de-médecine, 75270 Paris cedex 06, France
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Powell JE, Fung JN, Shakhbazov K, Sapkota Y, Cloonan N, Hemani G, Hillman KM, Kaufmann S, Luong HT, Bowdler L, Painter JN, Holdsworth-Carson SJ, Visscher PM, Dinger ME, Healey M, Nyholt DR, French JD, Edwards SL, Rogers PAW, Montgomery GW. Endometriosis risk alleles at 1p36.12 act through inverse regulation of CDC42 and LINC00339. Hum Mol Genet 2018; 25:5046-5058. [PMID: 28171565 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddw320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Revised: 08/28/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified markers within the WNT4 region on chromosome 1p36.12 showing consistent and strong association with increasing endometriosis risk. Fine mapping using sequence and imputed genotype data has revealed strong candidates for the causal SNPs within these critical regions; however, the molecular pathogenesis of these SNPs is currently unknown. We used gene expression data collected from whole blood from 862 individuals and endometrial tissue from 136 individuals from independent populations of European descent to examine the mechanism underlying endometriosis susceptibility. Association mapping results from 7,090 individuals (2,594 cases and 4,496 controls) supported rs3820282 as the SNP with the strongest association for endometriosis risk (P = 1.84 × 10−5, OR = 1.244 (1.126-1.375)). SNP rs3820282 is a significant eQTL in whole blood decreasing expression of LINC00339 (also known as HSPC157) and increasing expression of CDC42 (P = 2.0 ×10−54 and 4.5x10−4 respectively). The largest effects were for two LINC00339 probes (P = 2.0 ×10−54; 1.0 × 10−34). The eQTL for LINC00339 was also observed in endometrial tissue (P = 2.4 ×10−8) with the same direction of effect for both whole blood and endometrial tissue. There was no evidence for eQTL effects for WNT4. Chromatin conformation capture provides evidence for risk SNPs interacting with the promoters of both LINC00339 and CDC4 and luciferase reporter assays suggest the risk SNP rs12038474 is located in a transcriptional silencer for CDC42 and the risk allele increases expression of CDC42. However, no effect of rs3820282 was observed in the LINC00339 expression in Ishikawa cells. Taken together, our results suggest that SNPs increasing endometriosis risk in this region act through CDC42, but further functional studies are required to rule out inverse regulation of both LINC00339 and CDC42.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph E Powell
- Centre for Neurogenetics and Statistical Genomics, Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Australia.,The Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Jenny N Fung
- Genetics and Computational Biology Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Konstantin Shakhbazov
- Centre for Neurogenetics and Statistical Genomics, Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Yadav Sapkota
- Genetics and Computational Biology Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Nicole Cloonan
- Genetics and Computational Biology Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Gibran Hemani
- Centre for Neurogenetics and Statistical Genomics, Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Australia.,MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Bristol, UK
| | - Kristine M Hillman
- Genetics and Computational Biology Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Susanne Kaufmann
- Genetics and Computational Biology Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Hien T Luong
- Genetics and Computational Biology Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Lisa Bowdler
- Genetics and Computational Biology Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Jodie N Painter
- Genetics and Computational Biology Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Sarah J Holdsworth-Carson
- Gynaecology Research Centre, University of Melbourne, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville VIC, Australia
| | - Peter M Visscher
- Centre for Neurogenetics and Statistical Genomics, Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Marcel E Dinger
- Garvan Medical Research Institute, Sydney, Australia,St Vincent’s Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia and
| | - Martin Healey
- Gynaecology Research Centre, University of Melbourne, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville VIC, Australia
| | - Dale R Nyholt
- Genetics and Computational Biology Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia.,Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Australia
| | - Juliet D French
- Genetics and Computational Biology Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Stacey L Edwards
- Genetics and Computational Biology Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Peter A W Rogers
- Gynaecology Research Centre, University of Melbourne, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville VIC, Australia
| | - Grant W Montgomery
- Genetics and Computational Biology Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
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Dawson A, Fernandez ML, Anglesio M, Yong PJ, Carey MS. Endometriosis and endometriosis-associated cancers: new insights into the molecular mechanisms of ovarian cancer development. Ecancermedicalscience 2018; 12:803. [PMID: 29456620 PMCID: PMC5813919 DOI: 10.3332/ecancer.2018.803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometriosis is a fascinating disease that we strive to better understand. Molecular techniques are shedding new light on many important aspects of this disease: from pathogenesis to the recognition of distinct disease variants like deep infiltrating endometriosis. The observation that endometriosis is a cancer precursor has now been strengthened with the knowledge that mutations that are present in endometriosis-associated cancers can be found in adjacent endometriosis lesions. Recent genomic studies, placed in context, suggest that deep infiltrating endometriosis may represent a benign neoplasm that invades locally but rarely metastasises. Further research will help elucidate distinct aberrations which result in this phenotype. With respect to identifying those patients who may be at risk of developing endometriosis-associated cancers, a combination of molecular, pathological, and inheritance markers may define a high-risk group that might benefit from risk-reducing strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Dawson
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6Z 2K8, Canada
| | - Marta Llauradó Fernandez
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6Z 2K8, Canada
| | - Michael Anglesio
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6Z 2K8, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2B5, Canada
| | - Paul J Yong
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6Z 2K8, Canada
| | - Mark S Carey
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6Z 2K8, Canada.,Department of Surgical Oncology, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 1G1, Canada
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Matalliotakis M, Zervou MI, Eliopoulos E, Matalliotaki C, Rahmioglu N, Kalogiannidis I, Zondervan K, Spandidos DA, Matalliotakis I, Goulielmos GN. The role of IL‑16 gene polymorphisms in endometriosis. Int J Mol Med 2018; 41:1469-1476. [PMID: 29328375 PMCID: PMC5819913 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometriosis is one of the most common gynecological diseases affecting up to 10% of the female population of childbearing age and a major cause of pain and infertility. It is influenced by multiple genetic, epigenetic and environmental factors. Interleukin-16 (IL-16) is a proinflammatory cytokine playing a pivotal role in many inflammatory and autoimmune diseases as well as in the pathogenesis of endometriosis. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the association of two IL-16 gene single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), rs4072111 and rs11556218, with the risk of endometriosis in women from Greece as well as to gain insight about the structural consequences of these two exonic SNPs regarding development of the disease. A total of 159 women with endometriosis (stages I–IV) hospitalized for endometriosis, diagnosed by laparoscopic intervention and histologically confirmed, and 146 normal controls were recruited and genotyped. Subjects were genotyped using a polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) strategy. A significant association was detected regarding the GG and GT genotype as well as 'G' allele of rs11556218 in patients with endometriosis. The rs4072111 SNP of the IL-16 gene was not found to be associated with an increased susceptibility to endometriosis either for all patients (stages I–IV) or for stage III and IV of the disease only. Our results demonstrated that rs11556218 is associated with endometriosis in Greek women, probably by resulting in the aberrant expression of IL-16, as suggested by the bioinformatics analysis conducted on the SNP-derived protein sequences, which indicated a possible association between mutation and functional modification of Pro-IL-16.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michail Matalliotakis
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Venizeleio General Hospital, 71409 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Maria I Zervou
- Section of Molecular Pathology and Human Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Elias Eliopoulos
- Laboratory of Genetics, Department of Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Charoula Matalliotaki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Venizeleio General Hospital, 71409 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Nilufer Rahmioglu
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Oxford, OX3 7BN Oxford, UK
| | - Ioannis Kalogiannidis
- 3rd Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Krina Zondervan
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Oxford, OX3 7BN Oxford, UK
| | - Demetrios A Spandidos
- Laboratory of Clinical Virology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Ioannis Matalliotakis
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Venizeleio General Hospital, 71409 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - George N Goulielmos
- Section of Molecular Pathology and Human Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
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Rahmioglu N, Drong AW, Lockstone H, Tapmeier T, Hellner K, Saare M, Laisk-Podar T, Dew C, Tough E, Nicholson G, Peters M, Morris AP, Lindgren CM, Becker CM, Zondervan KT. Variability of genome-wide DNA methylation and mRNA expression profiles in reproductive and endocrine disease related tissues. Epigenetics 2017; 12:897-908. [PMID: 29099281 PMCID: PMC5750814 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2017.1367475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies in the fields of reproductive medicine and endocrinology are yielding robust genetic variants associated with disease. Integrated genomic, transcriptomic, and epigenomic molecular profiling studies are common methodologies used to understand the biologic pathways perturbed by these variants. However, molecular profiling resources do not include the tissue most relevant to many female reproductive traits, the endometrium, while the parameters influencing variability of results from its molecular profiling are unclear. We investigated the sources of DNA methylation and RNA expression profile variability in endometrium (n = 135), endometriotic disease tissue (endometriosis), and subcutaneous abdominal fat samples from 24 women, quantifying between-individual, within-tissue (cellular heterogeneity), and technical variation. DNA samples (n = 96) were analyzed using Illumina HumanMethlylation450 BeadChip arrays; RNA samples (n = 39) were analyzed using H12-expression arrays. Variance-component analyses showed that, for the top 10–50% variable DNA methylation/RNA expression sites, between-individual variation far exceeded within-tissue and technical variation. Menstrual-phase accounted for most variability in methylation/expression patterns in endometrium (Pm = 7.8 × 10−3, Pe = 8.4 × 10−5) but not in fat and endometriotic tissue; age was significantly associated with DNA methylation profile of endometrium (Pm = 9 × 10−5) and endometriotic disease tissue (Pm = 2.4 × 10−5); and smoking was significantly associated with DNA methylation in adipose tissue (Pm = 1.8 × 10−3). Hierarchical cluster analysis showed significantly different methylation signatures between endometrium and endometriotic tissue enriched for WNT signaling, angiogenesis, cadherin signaling, and gonadotropin-releasing-hormone-receptor pathways. Differential DNA methylation/expression analyses suggested detection of a limited number of sites with large fold changes (FC > 4), but power calculations accounting for different sources of variability showed that for robust detection >500 tissue samples are required. These results enable appropriate study design for large-scale expression and methylation tissue-based profiling relevant to many reproductive and endocrine traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilufer Rahmioglu
- a Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford , Roosevelt Drive, Oxford , OX3 7BN , UK
| | - Alexander W Drong
- a Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford , Roosevelt Drive, Oxford , OX3 7BN , UK
| | - Helen Lockstone
- a Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford , Roosevelt Drive, Oxford , OX3 7BN , UK
| | - Thomas Tapmeier
- b Endometriosis CaRe Centre, Nuffield Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology , John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford , Oxford , OX3 7BN , UK
| | - Karin Hellner
- b Endometriosis CaRe Centre, Nuffield Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology , John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford , Oxford , OX3 7BN , UK
| | - Merli Saare
- c Competence Centre on Health Technologies, Tartu, Estonia and Women's Clinic, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tartu , Tartu , Estonia
| | - Triin Laisk-Podar
- c Competence Centre on Health Technologies, Tartu, Estonia and Women's Clinic, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tartu , Tartu , Estonia
| | - Christine Dew
- b Endometriosis CaRe Centre, Nuffield Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology , John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford , Oxford , OX3 7BN , UK
| | - Emily Tough
- b Endometriosis CaRe Centre, Nuffield Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology , John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford , Oxford , OX3 7BN , UK
| | - George Nicholson
- a Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford , Roosevelt Drive, Oxford , OX3 7BN , UK
| | - Maire Peters
- c Competence Centre on Health Technologies, Tartu, Estonia and Women's Clinic, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tartu , Tartu , Estonia
| | - Andrew P Morris
- a Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford , Roosevelt Drive, Oxford , OX3 7BN , UK.,d Department of Biostatistics , University of Liverpool , Liverpool , OX3 7BN , UK
| | - Cecilia M Lindgren
- a Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford , Roosevelt Drive, Oxford , OX3 7BN , UK
| | - Christian M Becker
- b Endometriosis CaRe Centre, Nuffield Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology , John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford , Oxford , OX3 7BN , UK
| | - Krina T Zondervan
- a Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford , Roosevelt Drive, Oxford , OX3 7BN , UK.,b Endometriosis CaRe Centre, Nuffield Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology , John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford , Oxford , OX3 7BN , UK
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Genome-wide association analysis of pain severity in dysmenorrhea identifies association at chromosome 1p13.2, near the nerve growth factor locus. Pain 2017; 157:2571-2581. [PMID: 27454463 PMCID: PMC5436737 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000000678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is Available in the Text. Genome-wide association study on 11,891 females of European descent for self-reported dysmenorrhea pain severity identified a significant association that colocalises with the NGF locus. Dysmenorrhea is a common chronic pelvic pain syndrome affecting women of childbearing potential. Family studies suggest that genetic background influences the severity of dysmenorrhea, but genetic predisposition and molecular mechanisms underlying dysmenorrhea are not understood. In this study, we conduct the first genome-wide association study to identify genetic factors associated with dysmenorrhea pain severity. A cohort of females of European descent (n = 11,891) aged 18 to 45 years rated their average dysmenorrhea pain severity. We used a linear regression model adjusting for age and body mass index, identifying one genome-wide significant (P < 5 × 10−8) association (rs7523086, P = 4.1 × 10−14, effect size 0.1 [95% confidence interval, 0.074–0.126]). This single nucleotide polymorphism is colocalising with NGF, encoding nerve growth factor. The presence of one risk allele corresponds to a predicted 0.1-point increase in pain intensity on a 4-point ordinal pain scale. The putative effects on NGF function and/or expression remain unknown. However, genetic variation colocalises with active epigenetic marks in fat and ovary tissues, and expression levels in aorta tissue of a noncoding RNA flanking NGF correlate. Participants reporting extreme dysmenorrhea pain were more likely to report being positive for endometriosis, polycystic ovarian syndrome, depression, and other psychiatric disorders. Our results indicate that dysmenorrhea pain severity is partly genetically determined. NGF already has an established role in chronic pain disorders, and our findings suggest that NGF may be an important mediator for gynaecological/pelvic pain in the viscera.
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Uimari O, Rahmioglu N, Nyholt DR, Vincent K, Missmer SA, Becker C, Morris AP, Montgomery GW, Zondervan KT. Genome-wide genetic analyses highlight mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling in the pathogenesis of endometriosis. Hum Reprod 2017; 32:780-793. [PMID: 28333195 PMCID: PMC5400041 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dex024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Do genome-wide association study (GWAS) data for endometriosis provide insight into novel biological pathways associated with its pathogenesis? SUMMARY ANSWER GWAS analysis uncovered multiple pathways that are statistically enriched for genetic association signals, analysis of Stage A disease highlighted a novel variant in MAP3K4, while top pathways significantly associated with all endometriosis and Stage A disease included several mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)-related pathways. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Endometriosis is a complex disease with an estimated heritability of 50%. To date, GWAS revealed 10 genomic regions associated with endometriosis, explaining <4% of heritability, while half of the heritability is estimated to be due to common risk variants. Pathway analyses combine the evidence of single variants into gene-based measures, leveraging the aggregate effect of variants in genes and uncovering biological pathways involved in disease pathogenesis. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION Pathway analysis was conducted utilizing the International Endogene Consortium GWAS data, comprising 3194 surgically confirmed endometriosis cases and 7060 controls of European ancestry with genotype data imputed up to 1000 Genomes Phase three reference panel. GWAS was performed for all endometriosis cases and for Stage A (revised American Fertility Society (rAFS) I/II, n = 1686) and B (rAFS III/IV, n = 1364) cases separately. The identified significant pathways were compared with pathways previously investigated in the literature through candidate association studies. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS The most comprehensive biological pathway databases, MSigDB (including BioCarta, KEGG, PID, SA, SIG, ST and GO) and PANTHER were utilized to test for enrichment of genetic variants associated with endometriosis. Statistical enrichment analysis was performed using the MAGENTA (Meta-Analysis Gene-set Enrichment of variaNT Associations) software. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE The first genome-wide association analysis for Stage A endometriosis revealed a novel locus, rs144240142 (P = 6.45 × 10−8, OR = 1.71, 95% CI = 1.23–2.37), an intronic single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) within MAP3K4. This SNP was not associated with Stage B disease (P = 0.086). MAP3K4 was also shown to be differentially expressed in eutopic endometrium between Stage A endometriosis cases and controls (P = 3.8 × 10−4), but not with Stage B disease (P = 0.26). A total of 14 pathways enriched with genetic endometriosis associations were identified (false discovery rate (FDR)-P < 0.05). The pathways associated with any endometriosis were Grb2-Sos provides linkage to MAPK signaling for integrins pathway (P = 2.8 × 10−5, FDR-P = 3.0 × 10−3), Wnt signaling (P = 0.026, FDR-P = 0.026) and p130Cas linkage to MAPK signaling for integrins pathway (P = 6.0 × 10−4, FDR-P = 0.029); with Stage A endometriosis: extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1 ERK2 MAPK (P = 5.0 × 10−4, FDR-P = 5.0 × 10−4) and with Stage B endometriosis: two overlapping pathways that related to extracellular matrix biology—Core matrisome (P = 1.4 × 10−3, FDR-P = 0.013) and ECM glycoproteins (P = 1.8 × 10−3, FDR-P = 7.1 × 10−3). Genes arising from endometriosis candidate gene studies performed to date were enriched for Interleukin signaling pathway (P = 2.3 × 10−12), Apoptosis signaling pathway (P = 9.7 × 10−9) and Gonadotropin releasing hormone receptor pathway (P = 1.2 × 10−6); however, these pathways did not feature in the results based on GWAS data. LARGE SCALE DATA Not applicable. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION The analysis is restricted to (i) variants in/near genes that can be assigned to pathways, excluding intergenic variants; (ii) the gene-based pathway definition as registered in the databases; (iii) women of European ancestry. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS The top ranked pathways associated with overall and Stage A endometriosis in particular involve integrin-mediated MAPK activation and intracellular ERK/MAPK acting downstream in the MAPK cascade, both acting in the control of cell division, gene expression, cell movement and survival. Other top enriched pathways in Stage B disease include ECM glycoprotein pathways important for extracellular structure and biochemical support. The results highlight the need for increased efforts to understand the functional role of these pathways in endometriosis pathogenesis, including the investigation of the biological effects of the genetic variants on downstream molecular processes in tissue relevant to endometriosis. Additionally, our results offer further support for the hypothesis of at least partially distinct causal pathophysiology for minimal/mild (rAFS I/II) vs. moderate/severe (rAFS III/IV) endometriosis. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) The genome-wide association data and Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium (WTCCC) were generated through funding from the Wellcome Trust (WT084766/Z/08/Z, 076113 and 085475) and the National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) of Australia (241944, 339462, 389927, 389875, 389891, 389892, 389938, 443036, 442915, 442981, 496610, 496739, 552485 and 552498). N.R. was funded by a grant from the Medical Research Council UK (MR/K011480/1). A.P.M. is a Wellcome Trust Senior Fellow in Basic Biomedical Science (grant WT098017). All authors declare there are no conflicts of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Outi Uimari
- Endometriosis CaRe Centre, Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Oxford, Women's Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK.,Wellcome Trust Center for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, UK
| | - Nilufer Rahmioglu
- Endometriosis CaRe Centre, Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Oxford, Women's Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK.,Wellcome Trust Center for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, UK
| | - Dale R Nyholt
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, 60 Musk Avenue, Kelvin Grove, Australia
| | - Katy Vincent
- Endometriosis CaRe Centre, Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Oxford, Women's Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Stacey A Missmer
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Francis Street, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christian Becker
- Endometriosis CaRe Centre, Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Oxford, Women's Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Andrew P Morris
- Wellcome Trust Center for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, UK.,Department of Biostatistics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Grant W Montgomery
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Krina T Zondervan
- Endometriosis CaRe Centre, Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Oxford, Women's Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK.,Wellcome Trust Center for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, UK
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50
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Salama E, Eldeen GN, Abdel Rasheed M, Abdel Atti S, Elnoury A, Taha T, Azmy O. Differentially expressed genes: OCT-4, SOX2, STAT3, CDH1 and CDH2, in cultured mesenchymal stem cells challenged with serum of women with endometriosis. J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2017; 16:63-69. [PMID: 30647706 PMCID: PMC6296653 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgeb.2017.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Endometriosis is a common chronic gynecological disorder defined as the presence of ectopic functional endometrial tissues, outside uterine cavity, primarily on the pelvic peritoneum and the ovaries. Several studies revealed a correlation between aberrant stem-cell activity in the endometrium and endometriosis. Yet the molecular and cellular behaviors of mesnchymal stem cells in development of endometriosis are hampered by lack of invitro experiments. Our aim was to explore morphological and molecular changes associated with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) exposition to serum derived from women with severe endometriosis. Two cell cultures of MSCs isolated from endometrial tissues of two endometriosis-free women. Each cell culture was treated individually with the serum of women with endometriosis (experimental group/n = 7), and serum of women without endometriosis (control group/ n = 4) for 14 days. Quantitative Real-Time PCR was performed later to reveal expression of OCT-4, CDH1 and CDH2, STAT3 and SOX2 genes. Morphologically, cells showed no significant changes. However from molecular point of view, we found increased expression in OCT-4, CDH1 and CDH2. For STAT3 and SOX2 we did not find a significant difference. This study shows that endometriosis serum induced molecular changes in human endometrial MSCs (EnMSCs) that might be related to altered cell behavior which may be a step in differentiation that may be completed invivo by other factors to complete the process of transition. Further researches are needed for optimization to reach differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehab Salama
- Department of Reproductive Health Research, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt.,Stem Cell Research group, Medical Research Centre of Excellence, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ghada Nour Eldeen
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Enzymology, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt.,Stem Cell Research group, Medical Research Centre of Excellence, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mazen Abdel Rasheed
- Department of Reproductive Health Research, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt.,Stem Cell Research group, Medical Research Centre of Excellence, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sahar Abdel Atti
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amr Elnoury
- Department of Medical Applications of Laser, National Institute of Laser Enhanced Sciences, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Tamer Taha
- Department of Reproductive Health Research, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Osama Azmy
- Department of Reproductive Health Research, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt.,Stem Cell Research group, Medical Research Centre of Excellence, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
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