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Fair JM, Al-Hmoud N, Alrwashdeh M, Bartlow AW, Balkhamishvili S, Daraselia I, Elshoff A, Fakhouri L, Javakhishvili Z, Khoury F, Muzyka D, Ninua L, Tsao J, Urushadze L, Owen J. Transboundary determinants of avian zoonotic infectious diseases: challenges for strengthening research capacity and connecting surveillance networks. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1341842. [PMID: 38435695 PMCID: PMC10907996 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1341842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
As the climate changes, global systems have become increasingly unstable and unpredictable. This is particularly true for many disease systems, including subtypes of highly pathogenic avian influenzas (HPAIs) that are circulating the world. Ecological patterns once thought stable are changing, bringing new populations and organisms into contact with one another. Wild birds continue to be hosts and reservoirs for numerous zoonotic pathogens, and strains of HPAI and other pathogens have been introduced into new regions via migrating birds and transboundary trade of wild birds. With these expanding environmental changes, it is even more crucial that regions or counties that previously did not have surveillance programs develop the appropriate skills to sample wild birds and add to the understanding of pathogens in migratory and breeding birds through research. For example, little is known about wild bird infectious diseases and migration along the Mediterranean and Black Sea Flyway (MBSF), which connects Europe, Asia, and Africa. Focusing on avian influenza and the microbiome in migratory wild birds along the MBSF, this project seeks to understand the determinants of transboundary disease propagation and coinfection in regions that are connected by this flyway. Through the creation of a threat reduction network for avian diseases (Avian Zoonotic Disease Network, AZDN) in three countries along the MBSF (Georgia, Ukraine, and Jordan), this project is strengthening capacities for disease diagnostics; microbiomes; ecoimmunology; field biosafety; proper wildlife capture and handling; experimental design; statistical analysis; and vector sampling and biology. Here, we cover what is required to build a wild bird infectious disease research and surveillance program, which includes learning skills in proper bird capture and handling; biosafety and biosecurity; permits; next generation sequencing; leading-edge bioinformatics and statistical analyses; and vector and environmental sampling. Creating connected networks for avian influenzas and other pathogen surveillance will increase coordination and strengthen biosurveillance globally in wild birds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanne M. Fair
- Genomics and Bioanalytics, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, United States
| | - Nisreen Al-Hmoud
- Bio-Safety and Bio-Security Center, Royal Scientific Society, Amman, Jordan
| | - Mu’men Alrwashdeh
- Bio-Safety and Bio-Security Center, Royal Scientific Society, Amman, Jordan
| | - Andrew W. Bartlow
- Genomics and Bioanalytics, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, United States
| | | | - Ivane Daraselia
- Center of Wildlife Disease Ecology, Ilia State University, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | | | | | - Zura Javakhishvili
- Center of Wildlife Disease Ecology, Ilia State University, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Fares Khoury
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, American University of Madaba, Madaba, Jordan
| | - Denys Muzyka
- National Scientific Center, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | | | - Jean Tsao
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Lela Urushadze
- National Center for Disease Control and Public Health (NCDC) of Georgia, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Jennifer Owen
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
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2
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Fereidouni S, Starick E, Karamendin K, Genova CD, Scott SD, Khan Y, Harder T, Kydyrmanov A. Genetic characterization of a new candidate hemagglutinin subtype of influenza A viruses. Emerg Microbes Infect 2023:2225645. [PMID: 37335000 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2023.2225645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
AbstractAvian influenza viruses (AIV) have been classified on the basis of 16 subtypes of hemagglutinin (HA) and 9 subtypes of neuraminidase. Here we describe genomic evidence for a new candidate HA subtype, nominally H19, with a large genetic distance to all previously described AIV subtypes, derived from a cloacal swab sample of a Common Pochard (Aythya ferina) in Kazakhstan, in 2008. Avian influenza monitoring in wild birds especially in migratory hotspots such as central Asia is an important approach to gain information about the circulation of known and novel influenza viruses. Genetically, the novel HA coding sequence exhibits only 68.2% nucleotide and 68.5% amino acid identity with its nearest relation in the H9 (N2) subtype. The new HA sequence should be considered in current genomic diagnostic AI assays to facilitate its detection and eventual isolation enabling further study and antigenic classification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasan Fereidouni
- University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria (S. Fereidouni); Friedrich Loeffler Institute, Insel Riems, Germany (E. Starick, T. Harder); Research and Production Center for Microbiology and Virology, Almaty, Kazakhstan (K. Karamendin, Y. Khan, A. Kydyrmanov); Universities of Kent & Greenwich, Chatham Maritime, Kent, UK (C. Di Genova, S. D. Scott)
| | - Elke Starick
- University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria (S. Fereidouni); Friedrich Loeffler Institute, Insel Riems, Germany (E. Starick, T. Harder); Research and Production Center for Microbiology and Virology, Almaty, Kazakhstan (K. Karamendin, Y. Khan, A. Kydyrmanov); Universities of Kent & Greenwich, Chatham Maritime, Kent, UK (C. Di Genova, S. D. Scott)
| | - Kobey Karamendin
- University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria (S. Fereidouni); Friedrich Loeffler Institute, Insel Riems, Germany (E. Starick, T. Harder); Research and Production Center for Microbiology and Virology, Almaty, Kazakhstan (K. Karamendin, Y. Khan, A. Kydyrmanov); Universities of Kent & Greenwich, Chatham Maritime, Kent, UK (C. Di Genova, S. D. Scott)
| | - Cecilia Di Genova
- University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria (S. Fereidouni); Friedrich Loeffler Institute, Insel Riems, Germany (E. Starick, T. Harder); Research and Production Center for Microbiology and Virology, Almaty, Kazakhstan (K. Karamendin, Y. Khan, A. Kydyrmanov); Universities of Kent & Greenwich, Chatham Maritime, Kent, UK (C. Di Genova, S. D. Scott)
| | - Simon D Scott
- University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria (S. Fereidouni); Friedrich Loeffler Institute, Insel Riems, Germany (E. Starick, T. Harder); Research and Production Center for Microbiology and Virology, Almaty, Kazakhstan (K. Karamendin, Y. Khan, A. Kydyrmanov); Universities of Kent & Greenwich, Chatham Maritime, Kent, UK (C. Di Genova, S. D. Scott)
| | - Yelizaveta Khan
- University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria (S. Fereidouni); Friedrich Loeffler Institute, Insel Riems, Germany (E. Starick, T. Harder); Research and Production Center for Microbiology and Virology, Almaty, Kazakhstan (K. Karamendin, Y. Khan, A. Kydyrmanov); Universities of Kent & Greenwich, Chatham Maritime, Kent, UK (C. Di Genova, S. D. Scott)
| | - Timm Harder
- University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria (S. Fereidouni); Friedrich Loeffler Institute, Insel Riems, Germany (E. Starick, T. Harder); Research and Production Center for Microbiology and Virology, Almaty, Kazakhstan (K. Karamendin, Y. Khan, A. Kydyrmanov); Universities of Kent & Greenwich, Chatham Maritime, Kent, UK (C. Di Genova, S. D. Scott)
| | - Aidyn Kydyrmanov
- University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria (S. Fereidouni); Friedrich Loeffler Institute, Insel Riems, Germany (E. Starick, T. Harder); Research and Production Center for Microbiology and Virology, Almaty, Kazakhstan (K. Karamendin, Y. Khan, A. Kydyrmanov); Universities of Kent & Greenwich, Chatham Maritime, Kent, UK (C. Di Genova, S. D. Scott)
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3
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Zhang G, Li B, Raghwani J, Vrancken B, Jia R, Hill SC, Fournié G, Cheng Y, Yang Q, Wang Y, Wang Z, Dong L, Pybus OG, Tian H. Bidirectional Movement of Emerging H5N8 Avian Influenza Viruses Between Europe and Asia via Migratory Birds Since Early 2020. Mol Biol Evol 2023; 40:msad019. [PMID: 36703230 PMCID: PMC9922686 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msad019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Migratory birds play a critical role in the rapid spread of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N8 virus clade 2.3.4.4 across Eurasia. Elucidating the timing and pattern of virus transmission is essential therefore for understanding the spatial dissemination of these viruses. In this study, we surveyed >27,000 wild birds in China, tracked the year-round migration patterns of 20 bird species across China since 2006, and generated new HPAI H5N8 virus genomic data. Using this new data set, we investigated the seasonal transmission dynamics of HPAI H5N8 viruses across Eurasia. We found that introductions of HPAI H5N8 viruses to different Eurasian regions were associated with the seasonal migration of wild birds. Moreover, we report a backflow of HPAI H5N8 virus lineages from Europe to Asia, suggesting that Europe acts as both a source and a sink in the global HPAI virus transmission network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guogang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Protection of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Ecology and Nature Conservation Institute, Chinese Academy of Forestry, National Bird Banding Center of China, Beijing, China
| | - Bingying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Center for Global Change and Public Health, College of Global Change and Earth System Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Jayna Raghwani
- Department of Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Bram Vrancken
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute, Laboratory of Evolutionary and Computational Virology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Spatial Epidemiology Lab (SpELL), Université Libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Ru Jia
- Key Laboratory of Forest Protection of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Ecology and Nature Conservation Institute, Chinese Academy of Forestry, National Bird Banding Center of China, Beijing, China
| | - Sarah C Hill
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Guillaume Fournié
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Yanchao Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Center for Global Change and Public Health, College of Global Change and Earth System Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Qiqi Yang
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Yuxin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Center for Global Change and Public Health, College of Global Change and Earth System Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Zengmiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Center for Global Change and Public Health, College of Global Change and Earth System Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Dong
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Ecological Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Oliver G Pybus
- Department of Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Huaiyu Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Center for Global Change and Public Health, College of Global Change and Earth System Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
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Duong BT, Bal J, Sung HW, Yeo SJ, Park H. Molecular Analysis of the Avian H7 Influenza Viruses Circulating in South Korea during 2018-2019: Evolutionary Significance and Associated Zoonotic Threats. Viruses 2021; 13:v13112260. [PMID: 34835066 PMCID: PMC8623559 DOI: 10.3390/v13112260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Avian influenza virus (AIV) subtypes H5 and H7, possessing the ability to mutate spontaneously from low pathogenic (LP) to highly pathogenic (HP) variants, are major concerns for enormous socio-economic losses in the poultry industry, as well as for fatal human infections. Through antigenic drift and shift, genetic reassortments of the genotypes pose serious threats of increased virulence and pathogenicity leading to potential pandemics. In this study, we isolated the H7-subtype AIVs circulating in the Republic of Korea during 2018–2019, and perform detailed molecular analysis to study their circulation, evolution, and possible emergence as a zoonotic threat. Phylogenetic and nucleotide sequence analyses of these isolates revealed their distribution into two distinct clusters, with the HA gene sharing the highest nucleotide identity with either the A/common teal/Shanghai/CM1216/2017, isolated from wild birds in Shanghai, China, or the A/duck/Shimane/2014, isolated from Japan. Mutations were found in HA (S138A (H3 numbering)), M1 (N30D and T215A), NS1 (P42S), PB2 (L89V), and PA (H266R and F277S) proteins—the mutations had previously been reported to be related to mammalian adaptation and changes in the virulence of AIVs. Taken together, the results firmly put forth the demand for routine surveillance of AIVs in wild birds to prevent possible pandemics arising from reassortant AIVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao Tuan Duong
- Zoonosis Research Center, Department of Infection Biology, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Korea; (B.T.D.); (J.B.)
| | - Jyotiranjan Bal
- Zoonosis Research Center, Department of Infection Biology, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Korea; (B.T.D.); (J.B.)
| | - Haan Woo Sung
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon-si 24341, Korea
- Correspondence: (H.W.S.); (S.-J.Y.); (H.P.)
| | - Seon-Ju Yeo
- Department of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
- Correspondence: (H.W.S.); (S.-J.Y.); (H.P.)
| | - Hyun Park
- Zoonosis Research Center, Department of Infection Biology, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Korea; (B.T.D.); (J.B.)
- Correspondence: (H.W.S.); (S.-J.Y.); (H.P.)
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5
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Wang D, Li M, Xiong C, Yan Y, Hu J, Hao M, Liang B, Chen J, Chen G, Yang G, Li Y, Zhang J, Gulyaeva M, Shestopalov A, Shi W, Bi Y, Liu H, Wang H, Liu D, Chen J. Ecology of avian influenza viruses in migratory birds wintering within the Yangtze River wetlands. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2021; 66:2014-2024. [PMID: 36654171 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2021.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Migratory birds are considered natural reservoirs of avian influenza A viruses (AIVs). To further our viral ecology knowledge and understand the subsequent risk posed by wild birds, we conducted a 4-year surveillance study of AIVs in the bird wintering wetlands of the Yangtze River, China. We collected over 8000 samples and isolated 122 AIV strains. Analyses were then carried out with 108 novel sequenced genomes and data were deposited in GISAID and other public databases. The results showed that the Yangtze River wintering wetlands functioned as a mixing ground, where various subtypes of AIVs were detected harboring a high diversity of nucleotide sequences; moreover, a portion of AIV gene segments were persistent inter-seasonally. Phylogenetic incongruence presented complex reassortment events and distinct patterns among various subtypes. In addition, we observed that viral gene segments in wintering wetlands were closely related to known North American isolates, indicating that intercontinental gene flow occurred. Notably, highly pathogenic H5 and low pathogenic H9 viruses, which usually circulate in poultry, were found to have crossed the poultry/wild bird interface, with the viruses introduced to wintering birds. Overall, this study represented the largest AIV surveillance effort of wild birds within the Yangtze River wintering wetlands. Surveillance data highlighted the important role of wintering wild birds in the ecology of AIVs and may enable future early warnings of novel AIV emergence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Decheng Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China; National Virus Resource Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Wuhan 430071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Mingxin Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chaochao Xiong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yi Yan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China; National Virus Resource Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Wuhan 430071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Juefu Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China; National Virus Resource Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Mengchan Hao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China; National Virus Resource Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Bilin Liang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China; National Virus Resource Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Wuhan 430071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Hubei Wildlife Rescue, Research and Development Center, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Guang Chen
- Hubei Wildlife Rescue, Research and Development Center, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Guoxiang Yang
- Hubei Wildlife Rescue, Research and Development Center, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yong Li
- Hubei Wildlife Rescue, Research and Development Center, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Hubei Wildlife Rescue, Research and Development Center, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Marina Gulyaeva
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia; Federal Research Center of Fundamental and Translational Medicine, Novosibirsk 630117, Russia
| | - Alexander Shestopalov
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia; Federal Research Center of Fundamental and Translational Medicine, Novosibirsk 630117, Russia
| | - Weifeng Shi
- Key Laboratory of Etiology and Epidemiology of Emerging Infectious Diseases in Universities of Shandong, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian 271000, China
| | - Yuhai Bi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Center for Influenza Research and Early Warning (CASCIRE), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Haizhou Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China; National Virus Resource Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Hanzhong Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Di Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China; National Virus Resource Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Wuhan 430071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Center for Influenza Research and Early Warning (CASCIRE), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Jianjun Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China; National Virus Resource Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Wuhan 430071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Center for Influenza Research and Early Warning (CASCIRE), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
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6
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Hubálek Z. Pathogenic microorganisms associated with gulls and terns (Laridae). JOURNAL OF VERTEBRATE BIOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.25225/jvb.21009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zdeněk Hubálek
- Institute of Vertebrate Biology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic; e-mail:
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7
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Elbers ARW, Gonzales JL. Efficacy of an automated laser for reducing wild bird visits to the free range area of a poultry farm. Sci Rep 2021; 11:12779. [PMID: 34140601 PMCID: PMC8211814 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-92267-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In the Netherlands, free-range layer farms as opposed to indoor layer farms, are at greater risk with regard to the introduction of avian influenza viruses (AIVs). Wild waterfowl are the natural reservoir hosts of AIVs, and play a major role in their transmission to poultry by contaminating free-range layer areas. The laser as a wild bird repellent has been in use since the 1970s, in particular around airfields to reduce bird-strike. The efficacy of laser for reducing wild bird numbers in and around free-range poultry areas has however not been investigated. During the autumn-winter, wild bird visits to the free-range area of a layer farm was surveilled by video-camera for a month without laser, followed by a month with laser. The automated laser (Class-III B qualification) was operated in two separate areas (i) within the poultry free-range area that directly bordered the poultry barn between 5:00 p.m. and 10:00 a.m. when poultry were absent (free-range study area, size 1.5 ha), and (ii) in surrounding grass pastures between 10:00 a.m. and 5:00 p.m. The overall (all bird species combined) efficacy of the laser for reducing the rate of wild birds visiting the free-range study area was 98.2%, and for the Orders Anseriformes and Passeriformes, respectively, was 99.7% and 96.1%. With the laser in operation, the overall exposure time of the free-range area to wild bird visits, but specifically to the Order Anseriformes, was massively reduced. It can be concluded that the Class-III B laser is highly proficient at keeping wild birds, in particular waterfowl, away from the free-range area of layer farms situated along a winter migration flyway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armin R W Elbers
- Department of Epidemiology, Bioinformatics and Animal Studies, Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, P.O. Box 65, 8200 AB, Lelystad, The Netherlands.
| | - José L Gonzales
- Department of Epidemiology, Bioinformatics and Animal Studies, Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, P.O. Box 65, 8200 AB, Lelystad, The Netherlands
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8
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Hood G, Roche X, Brioudes A, von Dobschuetz S, Fasina FO, Kalpravidh W, Makonnen Y, Lubroth J, Sims L. A literature review of the use of environmental sampling in the surveillance of avian influenza viruses. Transbound Emerg Dis 2021; 68:110-126. [PMID: 32652790 PMCID: PMC8048529 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
This literature review provides an overview of use of environmental samples (ES) such as faeces, water, air, mud and swabs of surfaces in avian influenza (AI) surveillance programs, focussing on effectiveness, advantages and gaps in knowledge. ES have been used effectively for AI surveillance since the 1970s. Results from ES have enhanced understanding of the biology of AI viruses in wild birds and in markets, of links between human and avian influenza, provided early warning of viral incursions, allowed assessment of effectiveness of control and preventive measures, and assisted epidemiological studies in outbreaks, both avian and human. Variation exists in the methods and protocols used, and no internationally recognized guidelines exist on the use of ES and data management. Few studies have performed direct comparisons of ES versus live bird samples (LBS). Results reported so far demonstrate reliance on ES will not be sufficient to detect virus in all cases when it is present, especially when the prevalence of infection/contamination is low. Multiple sample types should be collected. In live bird markets, ES from processing/selling areas are more likely to test positive than samples from bird holding areas. When compared to LBS, ES is considered a cost-effective, simple, rapid, flexible, convenient and acceptable way of achieving surveillance objectives. As a non-invasive technique, it can minimize effects on animal welfare and trade in markets and reduce impacts on wild bird communities. Some limitations of environmental sampling methods have been identified, such as the loss of species-specific or information on the source of virus, and taxonomic-level analyses, unless additional methods are applied. Some studies employing ES have not provided detailed methods. In others, where ES and LBS are collected from the same site, positive results have not been assigned to specific sample types. These gaps should be remedied in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace Hood
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United NationsRomeItaly
| | - Xavier Roche
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United NationsRomeItaly
| | - Aurélie Brioudes
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United NationsRegional Office for Asia and the PacificBangkokThailand
| | | | | | | | - Yilma Makonnen
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Sub-Regional Office for Eastern AfricaAddis AbabaEthiopia
| | - Juan Lubroth
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United NationsRomeItaly
| | - Leslie Sims
- Asia Pacific Veterinary Information ServicesMelbourneAustralia
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9
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Tang W, Li X, Tang L, Wang T, He G. Characterization of the low-pathogenic H7N7 avian influenza virus in Shanghai, China. Poult Sci 2020; 100:565-574. [PMID: 33518109 PMCID: PMC7858150 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
H7N7 avian influenza virus (AIV) can divided into low-pathogenic AIV and high-pathogenic AIV groups. It has been shown to infect humans and animals. Its prevalence state in wild birds in China remains largely unclear. In this study, a new strain of H7N7 AIV, designated CM1216, isolated from wild birds in Shanghai, China, was characterized. Phylogenetic and nucleotide sequence analyses of CM1216 revealed that HA, NA, PB1, NP, and M genes shared the highest nucleotide identity with the Japan H7 subtype AIV circulated in 2019; the PB2 and PA genes shared the highest nucleotide identity with the Korea H7 subtype AIV circulated in wild birds in 2018, while NS gene of CM1216 was 98.93% identical to that of the duck AIV circulating in Bangladesh, and they all belong to the Eurasian lineage. A Bayesian phylogenetic reconstruction of the 2 surface genes of CM1216 showed that multiple reassortments might have occurred in 2015. Mutations were found in HA (A135 T, T136S, and T160 A [H3 numbering]), M1 (N30D and T215 A), NS1 (P42S and D97 E), PB2 (R389 K), and PA (N383D) proteins; these mutations have been shown to be related to mammalian adaptation and changes in virulence of AIVs. Infection studies demonstrated that CM1216 could infect mice and cause symptoms characteristic of influenza virus infection and proliferate in the lungs without prior adaption. This study demonstrates the need for routine surveillance of AIVs in wild birds and detection of their evolution to become a virus with high pathogenicity and ability to infect humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wangjun Tang
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuyong Li
- College of Agricultural, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China
| | - Ling Tang
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tianhou Wang
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China; Institute of Eco-Chongming (IEC), East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guimei He
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China; Institute of Eco-Chongming (IEC), East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.
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10
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Verhagen JH, Poen M, Stallknecht DE, van der Vliet S, Lexmond P, Sreevatsan S, Poulson RL, Fouchier RAM, Lebarbenchon C. Phylogeography and Antigenic Diversity of Low-Pathogenic Avian Influenza H13 and H16 Viruses. J Virol 2020; 94:e00537-20. [PMID: 32321814 PMCID: PMC7307148 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00537-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Low-pathogenic avian influenza viruses (LPAIVs) are genetically highly variable and have diversified into multiple evolutionary lineages that are primarily associated with wild-bird reservoirs. Antigenic variation has been described for mammalian influenza viruses and for highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses that circulate in poultry, but much less is known about antigenic variation of LPAIVs. In this study, we focused on H13 and H16 LPAIVs that circulate globally in gulls. We investigated the evolutionary history and intercontinental gene flow based on the hemagglutinin (HA) gene and used representative viruses from genetically distinct lineages to determine their antigenic properties by hemagglutination inhibition assays. For H13, at least three distinct genetic clades were evident, while for H16, at least two distinct genetic clades were evident. Twenty and ten events of intercontinental gene flow were identified for H13 and H16 viruses, respectively. At least two antigenic variants of H13 and at least one antigenic variant of H16 were identified. Amino acid positions in the HA protein that may be involved in the antigenic variation were inferred, and some of the positions were located near the receptor binding site of the HA protein, as they are in the HA protein of mammalian influenza A viruses. These findings suggest independent circulation of H13 and H16 subtypes in gull populations, as antigenic patterns do not overlap, and they contribute to the understanding of the genetic and antigenic variation of LPAIVs naturally circulating in wild birds.IMPORTANCE Wild birds play a major role in the epidemiology of low-pathogenic avian influenza viruses (LPAIVs), which are occasionally transmitted-directly or indirectly-from them to other species, including domestic animals, wild mammals, and humans, where they can cause subclinical to fatal disease. Despite a multitude of genetic studies, the antigenic variation of LPAIVs in wild birds is poorly understood. Here, we investigated the evolutionary history, intercontinental gene flow, and antigenic variation among H13 and H16 LPAIVs. The circulation of subtypes H13 and H16 seems to be maintained by a narrower host range, in particular gulls, than the majority of LPAIV subtypes and may therefore serve as a model for evolution and epidemiology of H1 to H12 LPAIVs in wild birds. The findings suggest that H13 and H16 LPAIVs circulate independently of each other and emphasize the need to investigate within-clade antigenic variation of LPAIVs in wild birds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josanne H Verhagen
- Erasmus Medical Center, Department of Viroscience, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Linnaeus University, Department of Biology and Environmental Science, Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Marjolein Poen
- Erasmus Medical Center, Department of Viroscience, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - David E Stallknecht
- Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study, College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Population Health, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | | | - Pascal Lexmond
- Erasmus Medical Center, Department of Viroscience, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Srinand Sreevatsan
- Michigan State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Rebecca L Poulson
- Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study, College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Population Health, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Ron A M Fouchier
- Erasmus Medical Center, Department of Viroscience, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Camille Lebarbenchon
- Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study, College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Population Health, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
- Université de La Réunion, UMR Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical, INSERM 1187, CNRS 9192, IRD 249, Sainte-Clotilde, La Réunion, France
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11
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Froberg T, Cuthbert F, Jennelle CS, Cardona C, Culhane M. Avian Influenza Prevalence and Viral Shedding Routes in Minnesota Ring-Billed Gulls ( Larus delawarensis). Avian Dis 2020; 63:120-125. [PMID: 31131567 DOI: 10.1637/11848-041718-reg.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Birds within the orders Charadriiformes (shorebirds, gulls) and Anseriformes (waterfowl) are reservoir hosts for avian influenza (AI) viruses, but their role in the transmission dynamics of AI viruses is unclear. To date, waterfowl have been the predominant focal species for most surveillance and epidemiological studies, yet gulls, in particular, have been shown to harbor reassortant AI viruses of both North American and Eurasian lineages and are underrepresented in North American surveillance efforts. To address this gap in surveillance, 1346 ring-billed gulls (Larus delawarensis) were sampled during spring and fall migrations and at three breeding sites in 2017 across Minnesota. Results indicate noticeable age-cohort dynamics in AI virus prevalence within ring-billed gulls in Minnesota. Immunologically naïve juveniles represented the cohort with the highest prevalence rate (57.8%). Regardless of age, more gulls had AI virus detected in oropharyngeal (OP) than in cloacal (CL) swabs. The high AI virus prevalence within ring-billed gulls, particularly in immunologically naïve birds, warrants further targeted surveillance efforts of ring-billed gulls and other closely related species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Todd Froberg
- Department of Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108
| | - Francesca Cuthbert
- Department of Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108
| | | | - Carol Cardona
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108
| | - Marie Culhane
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108.,Corresponding author. E-mail:
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12
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Muzyka D, Rula O, Tkachenko S, Muzyka N, Köthe S, Pishchanskyi O, Stegniy B, Pantin-Jackwood M, Beer M. Highly Pathogenic and Low Pathogenic Avian Influenza H5 Subtype Viruses in Wild Birds in Ukraine. Avian Dis 2020; 63:219-229. [PMID: 31131580 DOI: 10.1637/11879-042718-resnote.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
There have been three waves of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) outbreaks in commercial, backyard poultry, and wild birds in Ukraine. The first (2005-2006) and second (2008) waves were caused by H5N1 HPAI virus, with 45 outbreaks among commercial poultry (chickens) and backyard fowl (chickens, ducks, and geese) in four regions of Ukraine (AR Crimea, Kherson, Odesa, and Sumy Oblast). H5N1 HPAI viruses were isolated from dead wild birds: cormorants (Phalacrocorax carbo) and great crested grebes (Podiceps cristatus) in 2006 and 2008. The third HPAI wave consisted of nine outbreaks of H5N8 HPAI in wild and domestic birds, beginning in November 2016 in the central and south regions (Kherson, Odesa, Chernivtsi, Ternopil, and Mykolaiv Oblast). H5N8 HPAI virus was detected in dead mute swans (Cygnus olor), peacocks (Pavo cristatus) (in zoo), ruddy shelducks (Tadorna ferruginea), white-fronted geese (Anser albifrons), and from environmental samples in 2016 and 2017. Wide wild bird surveillance for avian influenza (AI) virus was conducted from 2006 to 2016 in Ukraine regions suspected of being intercontinental (north-south and east-west) flyways. A total of 21 511 samples were collected from 105 species of wild birds representing 27 families and 11 orders. Ninety-five avian influenza (AI) viruses were isolated (including one H5N2 LPAI virus in 2010) from wild birds with a total of 26 antigenic hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) combinations. Fifteen of 16 known avian HA subtypes were isolated. Two H5N8 HPAI viruses (2016-2017) and two H5N2 LPAI viruses (2016) were isolated from wild birds and environmental samples (fresh bird feces) during surveillance before the outbreak in poultry in 2016-2017. The Ukrainian H5N1, H5N8 HPAI, and H5N2 LPAI viruses belong to different H5 phylogenetic groups. Our results demonstrate the great diversity of AI viruses in wild birds in Ukraine, as well as the importance of this region for studying the ecology of avian influenza.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denys Muzyka
- National Scientific Center "Institute of Experimental and Clinical Veterinary Medicine", Kharkiv, 61023, Ukraine,
| | - Oleksandr Rula
- National Scientific Center "Institute of Experimental and Clinical Veterinary Medicine", Kharkiv, 61023, Ukraine
| | - Semen Tkachenko
- National Scientific Center "Institute of Experimental and Clinical Veterinary Medicine", Kharkiv, 61023, Ukraine
| | - Nataliia Muzyka
- State Poultry Research Station, v. Birky, Kharkiv Region, 63422, Ukraine
| | - Susanne Köthe
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Oleksandr Pishchanskyi
- National Scientific Center "Institute of Experimental and Clinical Veterinary Medicine", Kharkiv, 61023, Ukraine
| | - Borys Stegniy
- National Scientific Center "Institute of Experimental and Clinical Veterinary Medicine", Kharkiv, 61023, Ukraine
| | - Mary Pantin-Jackwood
- Exotic and Emerging Avian Viral Diseases Unit, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, U.S. National Poultry Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Athens, GA 30677
| | - Martin Beer
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
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13
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Elbers ARW, Gonzales JL. Quantification of visits of wild fauna to a commercial free-range layer farm in the Netherlands located in an avian influenza hot-spot area assessed by video-camera monitoring. Transbound Emerg Dis 2020; 67:661-677. [PMID: 31587498 PMCID: PMC7079184 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Free-range poultry farms have a high risk of introduction of avian influenza viruses (AIV), and it is presumed that wild (water) birds are the source of introduction. There is very scarce quantitative data on wild fauna visiting free-range poultry farms. We quantified visits of wild fauna to a free-range area of a layer farm, situated in an AIV hot-spot area, assessed by video-camera monitoring. A total of 5,016 hr (209 days) of video recordings, covering all 12 months of a year, were analysed. A total of 16 families of wild birds and five families of mammals visited the free-range area of the layer farm. Wild birds, except for the dabbling ducks, visited the free-range area almost exclusively in the period between sunrise and the moment the chickens entered the free-range area. Known carriers of AIV visited the outdoor facility regularly: species of gulls almost daily in the period January-August; dabbling ducks only in the night in the period November-May, with a distinct peak in the period December-February. Only a small fraction of visits of wild fauna had overlap with the presence of chickens at the same time in the free-range area. No direct contact between chickens and wild birds was observed. It is hypothesized that AIV transmission to poultry on free-range poultry farms will predominantly take place via indirect contact: taking up AIV by chickens via wild-bird-faeces-contaminated water or soil in the free-range area. The free-range poultry farmer has several possibilities to potentially lower the attractiveness of the free-range area for wild (bird) fauna: daily inspection of the free-range area and removal of carcasses and eggs; prevention of forming of water pools in the free-range facility. Furthermore, there are ways to scare-off wild birds, for example use of laser equipment or trained dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armin R. W. Elbers
- Department of Bacteriology and EpidemiologyWageningen Bioveterinary ResearchLelystadThe Netherlands
| | - José L. Gonzales
- Department of Bacteriology and EpidemiologyWageningen Bioveterinary ResearchLelystadThe Netherlands
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14
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Kim GS, Kim TS, Son JS, Lai VD, Park JE, Wang SJ, Jheong WH, Mo IP. The difference of detection rate of avian influenza virus in the wild bird surveillance using various methods. J Vet Sci 2020; 20:e56. [PMID: 31565899 PMCID: PMC6769331 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.2019.20.e56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Korea is located within the East Asian-Australian flyway of wild migratory birds during the fall and winter seasons. Consequently, the likelihood of introduction of numerous subtypes and pathotypes of the Avian influenza (AI) virus to Korea has been thought to be very high. In the current study, we surveyed wild bird feces for the presence of AI virus that had been introduced to Korea between September 2017 and February 2018. To identify and characterize the AI virus, we employed commonly used methods, namely, virus isolation (VI) via egg inoculation, real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR), conventional RT-PCR (cRT-PCR) and a newly developed next generation sequencing (NGS) approach. In this study, 124 out of 11,145 fresh samples of wild migratory birds tested were rRT-PCR positive; only 52.0% of VI positive samples were determined as positive by rRT-PCR from fecal supernatant. Fifty AI virus specimens were isolated from fresh fecal samples and typed. The cRT-PCR subtyping results mostly coincided with the NGS results, although NGS detected the presence of 11 HA genes and four NA genes that were not detected by cRT-PCR. NGS analysis confirmed that 12% of the identified viruses were mixed-subtypes which were not detected by cRT-PCR. Prevention of the occurrence of AI virus requires a workflow for rapid and accurate virus detection and verification. However, conventional methods of detection have some limitations. Therefore, different methods should be combined for optimal surveillance, and further studies are needed in aspect of the introduction and application of new methods such as NGS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang San Kim
- Avian Disease Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Tae Sik Kim
- Avian Disease Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Joo Sung Son
- Avian Disease Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Van Dam Lai
- Avian Disease Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Jung Eun Park
- Environmental Health Research Division, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon 22689, Korea
| | - Seung Jun Wang
- Environmental Health Research Division, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon 22689, Korea
| | - Weon Hwa Jheong
- Environmental Health Research Division, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon 22689, Korea
| | - In Pil Mo
- Avian Disease Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea.
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15
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Prevalence of avian influenza viruses and their associated antibodies in wild birds in China: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Microb Pathog 2019; 135:103613. [PMID: 31254602 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2019.103613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2019] [Revised: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Avian influenza viruses (AIVs) in wild birds pose a pandemic threat to humans and to the poultry industry. To assess AIV and AIV antibody prevalence in wild birds in China, a systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted. We searched PubMed, Google Scholar, Cochrane Library, Clinical Trial, VIP, CNKI, and WANFANG for published papers related to the prevalence of AIVs and their associated antibodies in wild birds in China from Mar. 10, 2005 to Sept. 20, 2018. Repeat studies, reviews, and other host studies were excluded, as well as those with inconsistent data, incomplete information, or only prevalence data or data from outside of mainland China. In total, data from 28 publications were compiled and analyzed. Based on out meta-analysis, the pooled prevalence of AIVs in wild birds in China was found to be 2.5% (571/23,024), and the pooled prevalence of AIV antibodies was 26.5% (1,210/4,566). The pooled prevalence of AIVs was significantly higher in wild birds from Central China (5.5%, 271/4, 955) compared to all other regions and the pooled prevalence of AIV antibodies was significantly in wild birds from South China (56.8%, 92/162) in comparison to all other regions. The prevalence of both AIVs and AIV antibodies in Anseriformes were higher compared to non-Anseriformes. In addition, the largest number of studies found in this review were on the HA subtypes of AIVs (H5, H7, and H9) and their associated antibodies. In summary, our findings suggest that the prevalence of AIVs and their antibodies in wild birds vary among regions and species of wild bird. Thus, further monitoring of the prevalence of AIVs and their antibodies in wild birds in China is necessary and should be used for guiding powerful and effective regulatory measures that will prevent the spread of AIVs across species.
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16
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Hill SC, Hansen R, Watson S, Coward V, Russell C, Cooper J, Essen S, Everest H, Parag KV, Fiddaman S, Reid S, Lewis N, Brookes SM, Smith AL, Sheldon B, Perrins CM, Brown IH, Pybus OG. Comparative micro-epidemiology of pathogenic avian influenza virus outbreaks in a wild bird population. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2019; 374:20180259. [PMID: 31056057 PMCID: PMC6553603 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2018.0259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the epidemiological dynamics of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) in wild birds is crucial for guiding effective surveillance and control measures. The spread of H5 HPAIV has been well characterized over large geographical and temporal scales. However, information about the detailed dynamics and demographics of individual outbreaks in wild birds is rare and important epidemiological parameters remain unknown. We present data from a wild population of long-lived birds (mute swans; Cygnus olor) that has experienced three outbreaks of related H5 HPAIVs in the past decade, specifically, H5N1 (2007), H5N8 (2016) and H5N6 (2017). Detailed demographic data were available and intense sampling was conducted before and after the outbreaks; hence the population is unusually suitable for exploring the natural epidemiology, evolution and ecology of HPAIV in wild birds. We show that key epidemiological features remain remarkably consistent across multiple outbreaks, including the timing of virus incursion and outbreak duration, and the presence of a strong age-structure in morbidity that likely arises from an equivalent age-structure in immunological responses. The predictability of these features across a series of outbreaks in a complex natural population is striking and contributes to our understanding of HPAIV in wild birds. This article is part of the theme issue 'Modelling infectious disease outbreaks in humans, animals and plants: approaches and important themes'. This issue is linked with the subsequent theme issue 'Modelling infectious disease outbreaks in humans, animals and plants: epidemic forecasting and control'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah C. Hill
- Department of Zoology, Edward Grey Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Rowena Hansen
- Department of Virology, Animal and Plant Health Agency – Weybridge, Woodham Lane, New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey KT15 3NB, UK
| | - Samantha Watson
- Department of Zoology, Edward Grey Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Vivien Coward
- Department of Virology, Animal and Plant Health Agency – Weybridge, Woodham Lane, New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey KT15 3NB, UK
| | - Christine Russell
- Department of Virology, Animal and Plant Health Agency – Weybridge, Woodham Lane, New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey KT15 3NB, UK
| | - Jayne Cooper
- Department of Virology, Animal and Plant Health Agency – Weybridge, Woodham Lane, New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey KT15 3NB, UK
| | - Steve Essen
- Department of Virology, Animal and Plant Health Agency – Weybridge, Woodham Lane, New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey KT15 3NB, UK
| | - Holly Everest
- Department of Virology, Animal and Plant Health Agency – Weybridge, Woodham Lane, New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey KT15 3NB, UK
| | - Kris V. Parag
- Department of Zoology, Edward Grey Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Steven Fiddaman
- Department of Zoology, Edward Grey Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Scott Reid
- Department of Virology, Animal and Plant Health Agency – Weybridge, Woodham Lane, New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey KT15 3NB, UK
| | - Nicola Lewis
- Department of Virology, Animal and Plant Health Agency – Weybridge, Woodham Lane, New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey KT15 3NB, UK
- The Royal Veterinary College, Royal College Street, London, UK
| | - Sharon M. Brookes
- Department of Virology, Animal and Plant Health Agency – Weybridge, Woodham Lane, New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey KT15 3NB, UK
| | - Adrian L. Smith
- Department of Zoology, Edward Grey Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Ben Sheldon
- Department of Zoology, Edward Grey Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Zoology, Edward Grey Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Christopher M. Perrins
- Department of Zoology, Edward Grey Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Zoology, Edward Grey Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Ian H. Brown
- Department of Virology, Animal and Plant Health Agency – Weybridge, Woodham Lane, New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey KT15 3NB, UK
| | - Oliver G. Pybus
- Department of Zoology, Edward Grey Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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17
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Wille M, Latorre-Margalef N, Tolf C, Halpin R, Wentworth D, Fouchier RAM, Raghwani J, Pybus OG, Olsen B, Waldenström J. Where do all the subtypes go? Temporal dynamics of H8-H12 influenza A viruses in waterfowl. Virus Evol 2018; 4:vey025. [PMID: 30151242 PMCID: PMC6101617 DOI: 10.1093/ve/vey025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Influenza A virus (IAV) is ubiquitous in waterfowl. In the northern hemisphere IAV prevalence is highest during the autumn and coincides with a peak in viral subtype diversity. Although haemagglutinin subtypes H1-H12 are associated with waterfowl hosts, subtypes H8-H12 are detected very infrequently. To better understand the role of waterfowl in the maintenance of these rare subtypes, we sequenced H8-H12 viruses isolated from Mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) from 2002 to 2009. These rare viruses exhibited varying ecological and phylodynamic features. The Eurasian clades of H8 and H12 phylogenies were dominated by waterfowl sequences; mostly viruses sequenced in this study. H11, once believed to be a subtype that infected charadriiformes (shorebirds), exhibited patterns more typical of common virus subtypes. Finally, subtypes H9 and H10, which have maintained lineages in poultry, showed markedly different patterns: H10 was associated with all possible NA subtypes and this drove HA lineage diversity within years. Rare viruses belonging to subtypes H8-H12 were highly reassorted, indicating that these rare subtypes are part of the broader IAV pool. Our results suggest that waterfowl play a role in the maintenance of these rare subtypes, but we recommend additional sampling of non-traditional hosts to better understand the reservoirs of these rare viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Wille
- Center for Ecology and Evolution in Microbial Model Systems, Linnaeus University, SE-391 82 Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Neus Latorre-Margalef
- Center for Ecology and Evolution in Microbial Model Systems, Linnaeus University, SE-391 82 Kalmar, Sweden.,Department of Biology, Lund University, Ecology Building, 223 62 Lund, Sweden
| | - Conny Tolf
- Center for Ecology and Evolution in Microbial Model Systems, Linnaeus University, SE-391 82 Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Rebecca Halpin
- Department of Infectious Disease, J. Craig Venter Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - David Wentworth
- Department of Infectious Disease, J. Craig Venter Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Ron A M Fouchier
- Department of Virology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jayna Raghwani
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3SY, UK
| | - Oliver G Pybus
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3SY, UK
| | - Björn Olsen
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Zoonosis Science Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jonas Waldenström
- Center for Ecology and Evolution in Microbial Model Systems, Linnaeus University, SE-391 82 Kalmar, Sweden
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18
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Avian Influenza Viruses in Wild Birds: Virus Evolution in a Multihost Ecosystem. J Virol 2018; 92:JVI.00433-18. [PMID: 29769347 PMCID: PMC6052287 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00433-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Wild ducks and gulls are the major reservoirs for avian influenza A viruses (AIVs). The mechanisms that drive AIV evolution are complex at sites where various duck and gull species from multiple flyways breed, winter, or stage. The Republic of Georgia is located at the intersection of three migratory flyways: the Central Asian flyway, the East Africa/West Asia flyway, and the Black Sea/Mediterranean flyway. For six complete study years (2010 to 2016), we collected AIV samples from various duck and gull species that breed, migrate, and overwinter in Georgia. We found a substantial subtype diversity of viruses that varied in prevalence from year to year. Low-pathogenic AIV (LPAIV) subtypes included H1N1, H2N3, H2N5, H2N7, H3N8, H4N2, H6N2, H7N3, H7N7, H9N1, H9N3, H10N4, H10N7, H11N1, H13N2, H13N6, H13N8, and H16N3, and two highly pathogenic AIVs (HPAIVs) belonging to clade 2.3.4.4, H5N5 and H5N8, were found. Whole-genome phylogenetic trees showed significant host species lineage restriction for nearly all gene segments and significant differences in observed reassortment rates, as defined by quantification of phylogenetic incongruence, and in nucleotide sequence diversity for LPAIVs among different host species. Hemagglutinin clade 2.3.4.4 H5N8 viruses, which circulated in Eurasia during 2014 and 2015, did not reassort, but analysis after their subsequent dissemination during 2016 and 2017 revealed reassortment in all gene segments except NP and NS. Some virus lineages appeared to be unrelated to AIVs in wild bird populations in other regions, with maintenance of local AIVs in Georgia, whereas other lineages showed considerable genetic interrelationships with viruses circulating in other parts of Eurasia and Africa, despite relative undersampling in the area. IMPORTANCE Waterbirds (e.g., gulls and ducks) are natural reservoirs of avian influenza viruses (AIVs) and have been shown to mediate the dispersal of AIVs at intercontinental scales during seasonal migration. The segmented genome of influenza viruses enables viral RNA from different lineages to mix or reassort when two viruses infect the same host. Such reassortant viruses have been identified in most major human influenza pandemics and several poultry outbreaks. Despite their importance, we have only recently begun to understand AIV evolution and reassortment in their natural host reservoirs. This comprehensive study illustrates AIV evolutionary dynamics within a multihost ecosystem at a stopover site where three major migratory flyways intersect. Our analysis of this ecosystem over a 6-year period provides a snapshot of how these viruses are linked to global AIV populations. Understanding the evolution of AIVs in the natural host is imperative to mitigating both the risk of incursion into domestic poultry and the potential risk to mammalian hosts, including humans.
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Lee DW, Whittaker GR. Use of AAScatterPlot tool for monitoring the evolution of the hemagglutinin cleavage site in H9 avian influenza viruses. Bioinformatics 2018; 33:2431-2435. [PMID: 28383669 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btx203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Motivation Viruses rapidly evolve due to their error-prone genome replication, and identifying which mutations are selected for during evolution is critical for virus surveillance efforts. Here we introduce a scatter plot tool (AAScatterPlot) that easily shows the selection and avoidance of certain protein mutations based on biochemical properties. We demonstrate its utility for monitoring the evolution of H9 avian influenza viruses from China between 2005 and 2015, particularly at the hemagglutinin (HA) proteolytic cleavage site (PCS) that can affect virus activation and pathogenicity. Results Given genome sequences, the AAScatterPlot tool compacts into a single plot, information about the hydropathy index, Van der Waals volume, chemical property and occurrence frequency of amino acid residues. The tool also shows the range of residues that could arise from a single point mutation in the genome, which can then be compared against the observed residues to identify mutation constraints. Through this approach, we found that the 2nd position towards the N-terminus side of the HA PCS (P2 position) avoided hydrophobic residues, whereas the P3 position avoided hydrophilic residues. Availability and Implementation AAScatterPlot is available at https://github.com/WhittakerLab/AAScatterPlot. Contact gary.whittaker@cornell.edu. Supplementary information Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gary R Whittaker
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
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Dong J, Bo H, Zhang Y, Dong L, Zou S, Huang W, Liu J, Wang D, Shu Y. Characteristics of influenza H13N8 subtype virus firstly isolated from Qinghai Lake Region, China. Virol J 2017; 14:180. [PMID: 28923071 PMCID: PMC5604506 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-017-0842-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Since the highly pathogenic H5N1 influenza caused thousands of deaths of wild bird in this area in 2005, Qinghai Lake in China has become a hot spot for study of the influence of avian influenza to migratory wild birds. However, the ecology and evolution of low pathogenic avian influenza virus in this region are limited. This project-based avian influenza surveillance in Qinghai lake region was initiated in year 2012. Method Samples of wild bird feces and lake surface water were collected in Qinghai Lake in year 2012.Virus isolation was conducted on embryonated chicken eggs. The influenza A virus was determined by rRT-PCR. Virus sequences were acquired by deep sequencing. The phylogenetic correlation and molecular characteristics of the viruses were analyzed. The virus growth and infection features, receptor binding preference were studied, and pathogenicity in vitro as well as. Results Two H13N8 subtype influenza viruses were isolated. The viruses are phylogenetically belong to Eurasian lineage. Most of the genes are associated with gull origin influenza virus except PB1 gene, which is most probably derived from Anseriformes virus. The evidence of interspecies reassortment was presented. The two viruses have limited growth capacity on MDCK and A549 cells while grow well in embryonated eggs. The dual receptor binding features of the two viruses was shown up. The low pathogenic features were determined by trypsin dependence plaque formation assay. Conclusions The two H13N8 subtype influenza viruses are highly associated with gull origin. The interspecies reassortment of H13 subtype virus among Anseriforme sand Charadriiformes wild birds emphasizes the importance of strengthening avian influenza surveillance in this region. This study is helpful to understand the ecology, evolution and transmission pattern of H13 subtype influenza virus globally. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12985-017-0842-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Dong
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Health and Family Planning Commission, 155 Changbai Road, Changping District, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Hong Bo
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Health and Family Planning Commission, 155 Changbai Road, Changping District, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Ye Zhang
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Health and Family Planning Commission, 155 Changbai Road, Changping District, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Libo Dong
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Health and Family Planning Commission, 155 Changbai Road, Changping District, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Shumei Zou
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Health and Family Planning Commission, 155 Changbai Road, Changping District, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Weijuan Huang
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Health and Family Planning Commission, 155 Changbai Road, Changping District, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Jia Liu
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Health and Family Planning Commission, 155 Changbai Road, Changping District, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Dayan Wang
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Health and Family Planning Commission, 155 Changbai Road, Changping District, Beijing, 102206, China.
| | - Yuelong Shu
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Health and Family Planning Commission, 155 Changbai Road, Changping District, Beijing, 102206, China.
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Muzyka D, Pantin-Jackwood M, Spackman E, Smith D, Rula O, Muzyka N, Stegniy B. Isolation and Genetic Characterization of Avian Influenza Viruses Isolated from Wild Birds in the Azov-Black Sea Region of Ukraine (2001-2012). Avian Dis 2017; 60:365-77. [PMID: 27309081 DOI: 10.1637/11114-050115-reg] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Wild bird surveillance for avian influenza virus (AIV) was conducted from 2001 to 2012 in the Azov - Black Sea region of the Ukraine, considered part of the transcontinental wild bird migration routes from northern Asia and Europe to the Mediterranean, Africa, and southwest Asia. A total of 6281 samples were collected from wild birds representing 27 families and eight orders for virus isolation. From these samples, 69 AIVs belonging to 15 of the 16 known hemagglutinin (HA) subtypes and seven of nine known neuraminidase (NA) subtypes were isolated. No H14, N5, or N9 subtypes were identified. In total, nine H6, eight H1, nine H5, seven H7, six H11, six H4, five H3, five H10, four H8, three H2, three H9, one H12, one H13, one H15, and one H16 HA subtypes were isolated. As for the NA subtypes, twelve N2, nine N6, eight N8, seven N7, six N3, four N4, and one undetermined were isolated. There were 27 HA and NA antigen combinations. All isolates were low pathogenic AIV except for eight highly pathogenic (HP) AIVs that were isolated during the H5N1 HPAI outbreaks of 2006-08. Sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of the HA genes revealed epidemiological connections between the Azov-Black Sea regions and Europe, Russia, Mongolia, and Southeast Asia. H1, H2, H3, H7, H8, H6, H9, and H13 AIV subtypes were closely related to European, Russian, Mongolian, and Georgian AIV isolates. H10, H11, and H12 AIV subtypes were epidemiologically linked to viruses from Europe and Southeast Asia. Serology conducted on serum and egg yolk samples also demonstrated previous exposure of many wild bird species to different AIVs. Our results demonstrate the great genetic diversity of AIVs in wild birds in the Azov-Black Sea region as well as the importance of this region for monitoring and studying the ecology of influenza viruses. This information furthers our understanding of the ecology of avian influenza viruses in wild bird species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denys Muzyka
- A National Scientific Center "Institute of Experimental and Clinical Veterinary Medicine," Kharkiv, 61023, Ukraine
| | - Mary Pantin-Jackwood
- B Exotic and Emerging Avian Viral Diseases Unit, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Athens, GA 30677
| | - Erica Spackman
- B Exotic and Emerging Avian Viral Diseases Unit, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Athens, GA 30677
| | - Diane Smith
- B Exotic and Emerging Avian Viral Diseases Unit, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Athens, GA 30677
| | - Oleksandr Rula
- A National Scientific Center "Institute of Experimental and Clinical Veterinary Medicine," Kharkiv, 61023, Ukraine
| | - Nataliia Muzyka
- A National Scientific Center "Institute of Experimental and Clinical Veterinary Medicine," Kharkiv, 61023, Ukraine
| | - Borys Stegniy
- A National Scientific Center "Institute of Experimental and Clinical Veterinary Medicine," Kharkiv, 61023, Ukraine
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Gonzalez-Reiche AS, Müller ML, Ortiz L, Cordón-Rosales C, Perez DR. Prevalence and Diversity of Low Pathogenicity Avian Influenza Viruses in Wild Birds in Guatemala, 2010-2013. Avian Dis 2017; 60:359-64. [PMID: 27309080 DOI: 10.1637/11130-050715-reg] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Waterfowl species are known to harbor the greatest diversity of low pathogenicity influenza A virus (LPAIV) subtypes and are recognized as their main natural reservoir. In Guatemala there is evidence of circulation of LPAIV in wild ducks; however, the bird species contributing to viral diversity during the winter migration in Central America are unknown. In this study, samples obtained from 1250 hunter-killed birds from 22 different species were collected on the Pacific coast of Guatemala during three winter migration seasons between 2010 and 2013. Prevalence of LPAIV detected by real-time reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction was 38.2%, 23.5%, and 24.7% in the 2010-11, 2011-12, and 2012-13 seasons, respectively. The highest virus prevalence was detected in the northern shoveler (Anas clypeata), followed by the blue-winged teal (Anas discors). The majority of positive samples and viral isolates were obtained from the blue-winged teal. Analysis of LPAIV prevalence over time in this species indicated a decreasing trend in monthly prevalence within a migration season. Sixty-eight viruses were isolated, and nine HA and seven NA subtypes were identified in 19 subtype combinations. In 2012-13 the most prevalent subtype was H14, a subtype identified for the first time in the Western Hemisphere in 2010. The results from this study represent the most detailed description available to date of LPAIV circulation in Central America.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana S Gonzalez-Reiche
- A Department of Population Health, Poultry Diagnostic and Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, 953 College Station Road, Athens, GA 30602.,B Laboratorio de Virus Zoonóticos, Centro de Estudios en Salud, Universidad del Valle de Guatemala (CES-UVG), 18 Ave. 11-95, Zona 15 V.H.3, Guatemala City, Guatemala 01015.,C Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland College Park, and Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, 8075 Greenmead Drive, College Park, MD 20742
| | - Maria L Müller
- B Laboratorio de Virus Zoonóticos, Centro de Estudios en Salud, Universidad del Valle de Guatemala (CES-UVG), 18 Ave. 11-95, Zona 15 V.H.3, Guatemala City, Guatemala 01015
| | - Lucía Ortiz
- B Laboratorio de Virus Zoonóticos, Centro de Estudios en Salud, Universidad del Valle de Guatemala (CES-UVG), 18 Ave. 11-95, Zona 15 V.H.3, Guatemala City, Guatemala 01015
| | - Celia Cordón-Rosales
- B Laboratorio de Virus Zoonóticos, Centro de Estudios en Salud, Universidad del Valle de Guatemala (CES-UVG), 18 Ave. 11-95, Zona 15 V.H.3, Guatemala City, Guatemala 01015
| | - Daniel R Perez
- A Department of Population Health, Poultry Diagnostic and Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, 953 College Station Road, Athens, GA 30602
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Yin S, Kleijn D, Müskens GJDM, Fouchier RAM, Verhagen JH, Glazov PM, Si Y, Prins HHT, de Boer WF. No evidence that migratory geese disperse avian influenza viruses from breeding to wintering ground. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0177790. [PMID: 28542340 PMCID: PMC5436700 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0177790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Low pathogenic avian influenza virus can mutate to a highly pathogenic strain that causes severe clinical signs in birds and humans. Migratory waterfowl, especially ducks, are considered the main hosts of low pathogenic avian influenza virus, but the role of geese in dispersing the virus over long-distances is still unclear. We collected throat and cloaca samples from three goose species, Bean goose (Anser fabalis), Barnacle goose (Branta leucopsis) and Greater white-fronted goose (Anser albifrons), from their breeding grounds, spring stopover sites, and wintering grounds. We tested if the geese were infected with low pathogenic avian influenza virus outside of their wintering grounds, and analysed the spatial and temporal patterns of infection prevalence on their wintering grounds. Our results show that geese were not infected before their arrival on wintering grounds. Barnacle geese and Greater white-fronted geese had low prevalence of infection just after their arrival on wintering grounds in the Netherlands, but the prevalence increased in successive months, and peaked after December. This suggests that migratory geese are exposed to the virus after their arrival on wintering grounds, indicating that migratory geese might not disperse low pathogenic avian influenza virus during autumn migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenglai Yin
- Resource Ecology Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- * E-mail: (SY); (WFdB)
| | - David Kleijn
- Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Gerard J. D. M. Müskens
- Alterra, Centre for Ecosystem Studies, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Josanne H. Verhagen
- Department Biology and Environmental Sciences, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Petr M. Glazov
- Laboratory of Biogeography, Institute of Geography Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Yali Si
- Resource Ecology Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modelling, and Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Herbert H. T. Prins
- Resource Ecology Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Willem Frederik de Boer
- Resource Ecology Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- * E-mail: (SY); (WFdB)
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Gonzalez-Reiche AS, Nelson MI, Angel M, Müller ML, Ortiz L, Dutta J, van Bakel H, Cordon-Rosales C, Perez DR. Evidence of Intercontinental Spread and Uncommon Variants of Low-Pathogenicity Avian Influenza Viruses in Ducks Overwintering in Guatemala. mSphere 2017; 2:e00362-16. [PMID: 28405632 PMCID: PMC5381266 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00362-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Over a hundred species of aquatic birds overwinter in Central America's wetlands, providing opportunities for the transmission of influenza A viruses (IAVs). To date, limited IAV surveillance in Central America hinders our understanding of the evolution and ecology of IAVs in migratory hosts within the Western Hemisphere. To address this gap, we sequenced the genomes of 68 virus isolates obtained from ducks overwintering along Guatemala's Pacific Coast during 2010 to 2013. High genetic diversity was observed, including 9 hemagglutinin (HA) subtypes, 7 neuraminidase (NA) subtypes, and multiple avian IAV lineages that have been detected at low levels (<1%) in North America. An unusually large number of viruses with the rare H14 subtype were identified (n = 14) over two consecutive seasons, the highest number of H14 viruses ever reported in a single location, providing evidence for a possible H14 source population located outside routinely sampled regions of North America. Viruses from Guatemala were positioned within minor clades divergent from the main North American lineage on phylogenies inferred for the H3, H4, N2, N8, PA, NP, and NS segments. A time-scaled phylogeny indicates that a Eurasian virus PA segment introduced into the Americas in the early 2000s disseminated to Guatemala during ~2007.1 to 2010.4 (95% highest posterior density [HPD]). Overall, the diversity detected in Guatemala in overwintering ducks highlights the potential role of Central America in the evolution of diverse IAV lineages in the Americas, including divergent variants rarely detected in the United States, and the importance of increasing IAV surveillance throughout Central America. IMPORTANCE Recent outbreaks of highly pathogenic H7N3, H5Nx, and H7N8 avian influenza viruses in North America were introduced by migratory birds, underscoring the importance of understanding how wild birds contribute to the dissemination and evolution of IAVs in nature. At least four of the main IAV duck host species in North America migrate through or overwinter within a narrow strip of Central America, providing opportunities for diverse IAV lineages to mix and exchange gene segments. By obtaining whole-genome sequences of 68 IAV isolates collected from migratory waterfowl in Guatemala (2010 to 2013), the largest data set available from Central America to date, we detected extensive viral diversity, including gene variants rarely found in North America and gene segments of Eurasian origin. Our findings highlight the need for increased IAV surveillance across the geographical span of bird migration flyways, including Neotropical regions that have been vastly undersampled to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana S. Gonzalez-Reiche
- Centro de Estudios en Salud, Universidad del Valle de Guatemala, Guatemala City, Guatemala
- Department of Population Health, Poultry Diagnostic and Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Martha I. Nelson
- Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Mathew Angel
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland—College Park, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Maria L. Müller
- Centro de Estudios en Salud, Universidad del Valle de Guatemala, Guatemala City, Guatemala
- Department of Population Health, Poultry Diagnostic and Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Lucia Ortiz
- Centro de Estudios en Salud, Universidad del Valle de Guatemala, Guatemala City, Guatemala
| | - Jayeeta Dutta
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Harm van Bakel
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Celia Cordon-Rosales
- Centro de Estudios en Salud, Universidad del Valle de Guatemala, Guatemala City, Guatemala
| | - Daniel R. Perez
- Department of Population Health, Poultry Diagnostic and Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland—College Park, College Park, Maryland, USA
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Guinn K, Fojtik A, Davis-Fields N, Poulson RL, Krauss S, Webster RG, Stallknecht DE. Antibodies to Influenza A Viruses in Gulls at Delaware Bay, USA. Avian Dis 2016; 60:341-5. [DOI: 10.1637/11103-042115-reg] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Arnal A, Vittecoq M, Pearce-Duvet J, Gauthier-Clerc M, Boulinier T, Jourdain E. Laridae: A neglected reservoir that could play a major role in avian influenza virus epidemiological dynamics. Crit Rev Microbiol 2015; 41:508-19. [DOI: 10.3109/1040841x.2013.870967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Bodewes R, Bestebroer TM, van der Vries E, Verhagen JH, Herfst S, Koopmans MP, Fouchier RAM, Pfankuche VM, Wohlsein P, Siebert U, Baumgärtner W, Osterhaus ADME. Avian Influenza A(H10N7) virus-associated mass deaths among harbor seals. Emerg Infect Dis 2015; 21:720-2. [PMID: 25811303 PMCID: PMC4378483 DOI: 10.3201/eid2104.141675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Lewis NS, Verhagen JH, Javakhishvili Z, Russell CA, Lexmond P, Westgeest KB, Bestebroer TM, Halpin RA, Lin X, Ransier A, Fedorova NB, Stockwell TB, Latorre-Margalef N, Olsen B, Smith G, Bahl J, Wentworth DE, Waldenström J, Fouchier RAM, de Graaf M. Influenza A virus evolution and spatio-temporal dynamics in Eurasian wild birds: a phylogenetic and phylogeographical study of whole-genome sequence data. J Gen Virol 2015; 96:2050-2060. [PMID: 25904147 PMCID: PMC4681060 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.000155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Low pathogenic avian influenza A viruses (IAVs) have a natural host reservoir in wild waterbirds and the potential to spread to other host species. Here, we investigated the evolutionary, spatial and temporal dynamics of avian IAVs in Eurasian wild birds. We used whole-genome sequences collected as part of an intensive long-term Eurasian wild bird surveillance study, and combined this genetic data with temporal and spatial information to explore the virus evolutionary dynamics. Frequent reassortment and co-circulating lineages were observed for all eight genomic RNA segments over time. There was no apparent species-specific effect on the diversity of the avian IAVs. There was a spatial and temporal relationship between the Eurasian sequences and significant viral migration of avian IAVs from West Eurasia towards Central Eurasia. The observed viral migration patterns differed between segments. Furthermore, we discuss the challenges faced when analysing these surveillance and sequence data, and the caveats to be borne in mind when drawing conclusions from the apparent results of such analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola S Lewis
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK
| | - Josanne H Verhagen
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Zurab Javakhishvili
- Institute of Ecology, Ilia State University, 3/5 Cholokashvili, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Colin A Russell
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0ES, UK
| | - Pascal Lexmond
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kim B Westgeest
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Theo M Bestebroer
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Xudong Lin
- J. Craig Venter Institute, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
| | - Amy Ransier
- J. Craig Venter Institute, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
| | | | | | - Neus Latorre-Margalef
- Centre for Ecology and Evolution in Microbial Model Systems, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden.,Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Björn Olsen
- Department of Medical Sciences, Zoonosis Science Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Gavin Smith
- Laboratory of Virus Evolution, Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore
| | - Justin Bahl
- Laboratory of Virus Evolution, Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore.,Center for Infectious Diseases, The University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | | | - Jonas Waldenström
- Centre for Ecology and Evolution in Microbial Model Systems, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Ron A M Fouchier
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Miranda de Graaf
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Arriero E, Müller I, Juvaste R, Martínez FJ, Bertolero A. Variation in immune parameters and disease prevalence among Lesser Black-backed Gulls (Larus fuscus sp.) with different migratory strategies. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0118279. [PMID: 25679797 PMCID: PMC4334556 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0118279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability to control infections is a key trait for migrants that must be balanced against other costly features of the migratory life. In this study we explored the links between migration and disease ecology by examining natural variation in parasite exposure and immunity in several populations of Lesser Black-backed Gulls (Larus fuscus) with different migratory strategies. We found higher activity of natural antibodies in long distance migrants from the nominate subspecies L.f.fuscus. Circulating levels of IgY showed large variation at the population level, while immune parameters associated with antimicrobial activity showed extensive variation at the individual level irrespective of population or migratory strategy. Pathogen prevalence showed large geographical variation. However, the seroprevalence of one of the gull-specific subtypes of avian influenza (H16) was associated to the migratory strategy, with lower prevalence among the long-distance migrants, suggesting that migration may play a role in disease dynamics of certain pathogens at the population level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Arriero
- Department of Migration and Immunoecology, Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, Radolfzell,Germany
- Department of Zoology and Anthropology, University Complutense of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- * E-mail:
| | - Inge Müller
- Department of Migration and Immunoecology, Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, Radolfzell,Germany
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Risto Juvaste
- Department of Biology, University of Turku, Turun yliopisto, Finland
| | | | - Albert Bertolero
- Institute of Aquatic Ecosystems (IRTA), Sant Carles de la Ràpita, Spain
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Zhao Y, Wang X, Chen P, Zeng X, Bao H, Wang Y, Xu X, Jiang Y, Chen H, Li G. Detection of antibodies against avian influenza virus by protein microarray using nucleoprotein expressed in insect cells. J Vet Med Sci 2014; 77:413-9. [PMID: 25650059 PMCID: PMC4427741 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.14-0207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Avian influenza (AI) is an infectious disease caused by avian influenza viruses (AIVs) which belong to the influenza virus A group. AI causes tremendous economic losses in poultry industry and pose great threatens to human health. Active serologic surveillance is necessary to prevent and control the spread of AI. In this study, a protein microarray using nucleoprotein (NP) of H5N1 AIV expressed in insect cells was developed to detect antibodies against AIV NP protein. The protein microarray was used to test Newcastle disease virus (NDV), infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV), AIV positive and negative sera. The results indicated that the protein microarray could hybridize specifically with antibodies against AIV with strong signals and without cross-hybridization. Moreover, 76 field serum samples were detected by microarray, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and hemagglutination inhibition test (HI). The positive rate was 92.1% (70/76), 93.4% (71/76) and 89.4% (68/76) by protein microarray, ELISA and HI test, respectively. Compared with ELISA, the microarray showed 100% (20/20) agreement ratio in chicken and 98.2% (55/56) in ornamental bird. In conclusion, this method provides an alternative serological diagnosis for influenza antibody screening and will provide a basis for the development of protein microarrays that can be used to respectively detect antibodies of different AIV subtypes and other pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhui Zhao
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
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Scotch M, Lam TTY, Pabilonia KL, Anderson T, Baroch J, Kohler D, DeLiberto TJ. Diffusion of influenza viruses among migratory birds with a focus on the Southwest United States. INFECTION, GENETICS AND EVOLUTION : JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY AND EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2014; 26:185-93. [PMID: 24910106 PMCID: PMC4124045 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2014.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2014] [Revised: 05/14/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The Southwest United States, including Arizona and New Mexico, has a diverse climate and is home to many different avian species. We sequenced the hemagglutinin (HA) gene of twenty influenza specimens for the years 2007-2009. This included four from Arizona, and sixteen from New Mexico. We analyzed the sequences and determined the following HA subtypes: H3, H4, H6, H8, and H11. For each subtype, we combined our virus sequences with those from a public database, and inferred phylogeographic models of influenza diffusion. Statistical phylogeography indicated that overall evolutionary diffusion of avian influenza viruses is geographically structured (p<0.05). In addition, we found that diffusion to the Southwest was often from nearby states including California. For H3, H4 and H6, the intra-flyway gene flow rates were significantly (p<0.001) higher than those of inter-flyway. Such rate difference was also observed in H8 and H11, yet, without statistical significance (p=0.132, p=0.190, respectively). Excluding any one flyway from the calculation generated similar results, suggesting that such barrier effect on gene flow rates is not exclusively produced by any single flyway. We also calculated the Bayes factor test for the significant non-zero rates between states and identified significant routes both within and across flyways. Such inter-flyway spread of influenza was probably the result of birds from four flyways co-mingling on breeding grounds in northern regions or marshaling on staging areas post breeding in Canada or Alaska, before moving south each fall. This study provides an initial analysis of evolutionary diffusion of avian influenza virus to and from the Southwest United States. However, more sequences from this region need to be generated to determine the role of host migration and other factors on influenza diffusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Scotch
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Scottsdale, AZ, USA; Center for Environmental Security, Biodesign Institute, and Security and Defense Systems Initiative, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA.
| | | | - Kristy L Pabilonia
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biological Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Theodore Anderson
- Fort Collins Diagnostic Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - John Baroch
- National Wildlife Disease Program, National Wildlife Research Center, Wildlife Services, United States Department of Agriculture, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Dennis Kohler
- National Wildlife Disease Program, National Wildlife Research Center, Wildlife Services, United States Department of Agriculture, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Thomas J DeLiberto
- National Wildlife Disease Program, National Wildlife Research Center, Wildlife Services, United States Department of Agriculture, Fort Collins, CO, USA
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Pandit PS, Bunn DA, Pande SA, Aly SS. Modeling highly pathogenic avian influenza transmission in wild birds and poultry in West Bengal, India. Sci Rep 2014; 3:2175. [PMID: 23846233 PMCID: PMC3807259 DOI: 10.1038/srep02175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2013] [Accepted: 06/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Wild birds are suspected to have played a role in highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 outbreaks in West Bengal. Cluster analysis showed that H5N1 was introduced in West Bengal at least 3 times between 2008 and 2010. We simulated the introduction of H5N1 by wild birds and their contact with poultry through a stochastic continuous-time mathematical model. Results showed that reducing contact between wild birds and domestic poultry, and increasing the culling rate of infected domestic poultry communities will reduce the probability of outbreaks. Poultry communities that shared habitat with wild birds or those indistricts with previous outbreaks were more likely to suffer an outbreak. These results indicate that wild birds can introduce HPAI to domestic poultry and that limiting their contact at shared habitats together with swift culling of infected domestic poultry can greatly reduce the likelihood of HPAI outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranav S Pandit
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, USA
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Jurado-Tarifa E, Napp S, Gómez-Pacheco JM, Fernández-Morente M, Jaén-Téllez JA, Arenas A, García-Bocanegra I. Surveillance of influenza viruses in waterfowl used as decoys in Andalusia, Spain. PLoS One 2014; 9:e98890. [PMID: 24901946 PMCID: PMC4047079 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0098890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2014] [Accepted: 05/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
A longitudinal study was carried out to determine the seroprevalence of avian influenza viruses (AIVs) in waterfowl used as decoys in Andalusia, southern Spain. A total of 2319 aquatic birds from 193 flocks were analyzed before and after the hunting season 2011-2012. In the first sampling, 403 out of 2319 (18.0%, CI95%: 15.8-19.0) decoys showed antibodies against AIVs by ELISA. The AI seroprevalence was significantly higher in geese (21.0%) than in ducks (11.7%) (P<0.001). Besides, the spatial distribution of AIVs was not homogeneous as significant differences among regions were observed. The prevalence of antibodies against AIVs subtypes H5 and H7 were 1.1% and 0.3%, respectively, using hemagglutination inhibition test (HI). The overall and H5 seroprevalences slightly increased after the hunting period (to 19.2% and 1.4%, respectively), while the H7 seroprevalence remained at the same level (0.3%). The proportion of flocks infected by AIVs was 65.3%, while 11.2% and 4.9% of flocks were positive for H5 and H7, respectively. Viral shedding was not detected in any of the 47 samples positive by both ELISA and HI, tested by RRT-PCR. The individual incidence after the hunting season was 3.4%. The fact that 57 animals seroconverted, 15 of which were confirmed by HI (12 H5 and 3 H7), was indication of contact with AIVs during the hunting period. The results indicate that waterfowl used as decoys are frequently exposed to AIVs and may be potentially useful as sentinels for AIVs monitoring. The seroprevalence detected and the seropositivity against AIVs H5 and H7, suggest that decoys can act as reservoirs of AIVs, which may be of animal and public health concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estefanía Jurado-Tarifa
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Córdoba-Agrifood Excellence International Campus, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Sebastian Napp
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona-Institut de Recerca i Tecnología Agralimentàries (UAB-IRTA), Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan Manuel Gómez-Pacheco
- Laboratorio de Sanidad y Producción Animal, Consejería de Agricultura, Pesca y Desarrollo Rural de la Junta de Andalucía, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Manuel Fernández-Morente
- Servicio de Sanidad Animal, Consejería de Agricultura, Pesca y Desarrollo Rural de la Junta de Andalucía, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Juan Antonio Jaén-Téllez
- Agencia de Gestión Agraria y Pesquera de Andalucía, Consejería de Agricultura, Pesca y Desarrollo Rural de la Junta de Andalucía, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Antonio Arenas
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Córdoba-Agrifood Excellence International Campus, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Ignacio García-Bocanegra
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Córdoba-Agrifood Excellence International Campus, Córdoba, Spain
- * E-mail:
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Zeynalova S, Shikhiyev M, Aliyeva T, Ismayilova R, Wise E, Abdullayev R, Asadov K, Rustamova S, Quliyev F, Whatmore AM, Marshall ES, Fooks AR, Horton DL. Epidemiological characteristics of human and animal rabies in Azerbaijan. Zoonoses Public Health 2014; 62:111-8. [PMID: 24845953 DOI: 10.1111/zph.12119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The Caucasus is a region of geopolitical importance, in the gateway between Europe and Asia. This geographical location makes the region equally important in the epidemiology and control of transboundary infectious diseases such as rabies. Azerbaijan is the largest country in the Caucasus, and although rabies is notifiable and considered endemic, there is little information on the burden of human and animal rabies. Here, we describe a cross-disciplinary international collaboration aimed at improving rabies control in Azerbaijan. Partial nucleoprotein gene sequences were obtained from animal rabies cases for comparison with those from surrounding areas. Reported human and animal rabies cases between 2000 and 2010 were also reviewed and analysed by region and year. Comparison of rabies virus strains circulating in Azerbaijan demonstrates more than one lineage of rabies virus circulating concurrently in Azerbaijan and illustrates the need for further sample collection and characterization. Officially reported rabies data showed an increase in human and animal rabies cases, and an increase in animal bites requiring provision of post-exposure prophylaxis, since 2006. This is despite apparently consistent levels of dog vaccination and culling of stray dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Zeynalova
- Republican Veterinary Laboratory, Baku, Azerbaijan
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Abdelwhab EM, Veits J, Mettenleiter TC. Prevalence and control of H7 avian influenza viruses in birds and humans. Epidemiol Infect 2014; 142:896-920. [PMID: 24423384 PMCID: PMC9151109 DOI: 10.1017/s0950268813003324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2011] [Revised: 11/21/2013] [Accepted: 12/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The H7 subtype HA gene has been found in combination with all nine NA subtype genes. Most exhibit low pathogenicity and only rarely high pathogenicity in poultry (and humans). During the past few years infections of poultry and humans with H7 subtypes have increased markedly. This review summarizes the emergence of avian influenza virus H7 subtypes in birds and humans, and the possibilities of its control in poultry. All H7Nx combinations were reported from wild birds, the natural reservoir of the virus. Geographically, the most prevalent subtype is H7N7, which is endemic in wild birds in Europe and was frequently reported in domestic poultry, whereas subtype H7N3 is mostly isolated from the Americas. In humans, mild to fatal infections were caused by subtypes H7N2, H7N3, H7N7 and H7N9. While infections of humans have been associated mostly with exposure to domestic poultry, infections of poultry have been linked to wild birds or live-bird markets. Generally, depopulation of infected poultry was the main control tool; however, inactivated vaccines were also used. In contrast to recent cases caused by subtype H7N9, human infections were usually self-limiting and rarely required antiviral medication. Close genetic and antigenic relatedness of H7 viruses of different origins may be helpful in development of universal vaccines and diagnostics for both animals and humans. Due to the wide spread of H7 viruses and their zoonotic importance more research is required to better understand the epidemiology, pathobiology and virulence determinants of these viruses and to develop improved control tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- E M Abdelwhab
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Institute of Molecular Biology, Greifswald - Insel Riems, Germany
| | - J Veits
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Institute of Molecular Biology, Greifswald - Insel Riems, Germany
| | - T C Mettenleiter
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Institute of Molecular Biology, Greifswald - Insel Riems, Germany
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Huang Y, Wille M, Benkaroun J, Munro H, Bond AL, Fifield DA, Robertson GJ, Ojkic D, Whitney H, Lang AS. Perpetuation and reassortment of gull influenza A viruses in Atlantic North America. Virology 2014; 456-457:353-63. [PMID: 24889254 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2014.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2014] [Revised: 03/24/2014] [Accepted: 04/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Gulls are important hosts of avian influenza A viruses (AIVs) and gull AIVs often contain gene segments of mixed geographic and host lineage origins. In this study, the prevalence of AIV in gulls of Newfoundland, Canada from 2008 to 2011 was analyzed. Overall prevalence was low (30/1645, 1.8%) but there was a distinct peak of infection in the fall. AIV seroprevalence was high in Newfoundland gulls, with 50% of sampled gulls showing evidence of previous infection. Sequences of 16 gull AIVs were determined and analyzed to shed light on the transmission, reassortment and persistence dynamics of gull AIVs in Atlantic North America. Intercontinental and waterfowl lineage reassortment was prevalent. Of particular note were a wholly Eurasian AIV and another with an intercontinental reassortant waterfowl lineage virus. These patterns of geographic and inter-host group transmission highlight the importance of characterization of gull AIVs as part of attempts to understand global AIV dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Huang
- Department of Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 232 Elizabeth Avenue, St. John's, NL, Canada A1B 3X9
| | - Michelle Wille
- Department of Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 232 Elizabeth Avenue, St. John's, NL, Canada A1B 3X9
| | - Jessica Benkaroun
- Department of Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 232 Elizabeth Avenue, St. John's, NL, Canada A1B 3X9
| | - Hannah Munro
- Department of Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 232 Elizabeth Avenue, St. John's, NL, Canada A1B 3X9
| | - Alexander L Bond
- Department of Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 232 Elizabeth Avenue, St. John's, NL, Canada A1B 3X9
| | - David A Fifield
- Newfoundland and Labrador Department of Natural Resources, P.O. Box 7400, St. John's, NL, Canada A1E 3Y5
| | - Gregory J Robertson
- Wildlife Research Division, Environment Canada, 6 Bruce St., Mount Pearl, NL, Canada A1N 4T3
| | - Davor Ojkic
- Animal Health Laboratory, University of Guelph, Box 3612, Guelph, ON, Canada N1H 6R8
| | - Hugh Whitney
- Newfoundland and Labrador Department of Natural Resources, P.O. Box 7400, St. John's, NL, Canada A1E 3Y5
| | - Andrew S Lang
- Department of Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 232 Elizabeth Avenue, St. John's, NL, Canada A1B 3X9.
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Huang Y, Wille M, Dobbin A, Robertson GJ, Ryan P, Ojkic D, Whitney H, Lang AS. A 4-year study of avian influenza virus prevalence and subtype diversity in ducks of Newfoundland, Canada. Can J Microbiol 2013; 59:701-8. [PMID: 24102224 DOI: 10.1139/cjm-2013-0507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The island of Newfoundland, Canada, is at the eastern edge of North America and has migratory bird connections with the continental mainland as well as across the North Atlantic Ocean. Here, we report a 4-year avian influenza virus (AIV) epidemiological study in ducks in the St. John's region of Newfoundland. The overall prevalence of AIV detection in ducks during this study was 7.2%, with American Black Ducks contributing the vast majority of the collected samples and the AIV positives. The juvenile ducks showed a significantly higher AIV detection rate (10.6%) compared with adults (3.4%). Seasonally, AIV prevalence rates were higher in the autumn (8.4%), but positives were still detected in the winter (4.6%). Preliminary serology tests showed a high incidence of previous AIV infection (20/38, 52.6%). A total of 43 viruses were characterized for their HA-NA or HA subtypes, which revealed a large diversity of AIV subtypes and little recurrence of subtypes from year to year. Investigation of the movement patterns of ducks in this region showed that it is a largely non-migratory duck population, which may contribute to the observed pattern of high AIV subtype turnover. Phylogenetic analysis of 4 H1N1 and one H5N4 AIVs showed these viruses were highly similar to other low pathogenic AIV sequences from waterfowl in North America and assigned all gene segments into American-avian clades. Notably, the H1N1 viruses, which were identified in consecutive years, possessed homologous genomes. Such detection of homologous AIV genomes across years is rare, but indicates the role of the environmental reservoir in viral perpetuation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Huang
- a Department of Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL A1B 3X9, Canada
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Zhou Z, Deng F, Han N, Wang H, Sun S, Zhang Y, Hu Z, Rayner S. Reassortment and migration analysis of Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus. J Gen Virol 2013; 94:2536-2548. [PMID: 23939975 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.056374-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) is a tick-borne virus with high pathogenicity to humans. CCHFV contains a three-segment [small (S), medium (M) and large (L)] genome and is prone to reassortment. Investigation of identified reassortment events can yield insight into the evolutionary history of the virus, while migration events reflect its geographical dissemination. While many studies have already considered these issues, they have investigated small numbers of isolates and lack statistical support for their findings. Here, we consider a larger set of 30 full genomes to investigate reassortment using recombination methods, as well as two sets of partial S segments comprising 393 isolates, reflecting a broader geographical range, to investigate migration events. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the S segment showed strong geographical subdivision, but this was less apparent in the M and L segments. A total of 16 reassortment events with 22 isolates were identified with strong statistical support. Migration analysis on the partial S segments identified both long- and short-range migration events that spanned the entire geographical region in which the CCHFV has been isolated, reflecting the complex processes associated with the dissemination of the virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaorui Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Virology and China Center for Virus Culture Collection, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, PR China
| | - Fei Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Virology and China Center for Virus Culture Collection, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, PR China
| | - Na Han
- State Key Laboratory of Virology and China Center for Virus Culture Collection, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, PR China
| | - Hualin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology and China Center for Virus Culture Collection, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, PR China
| | - Surong Sun
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumuqi, Xinjiang 830046, PR China
| | - Yujiang Zhang
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, 4 Jianquan First Street, Urumuqi, Xinjiang 830046, PR China
| | - Zhihong Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology and China Center for Virus Culture Collection, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, PR China
| | - Simon Rayner
- State Key Laboratory of Virology and China Center for Virus Culture Collection, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, PR China
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