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Chen Q, Deng M, Dai X, Wang W, Wang X, Chen LS, Huang GH. Phylogenomic data exploration with increased sampling provides new insights into the higher-level relationships of butterflies and moths (Lepidoptera). Mol Phylogenet Evol 2024; 197:108113. [PMID: 38796071 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2024.108113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024]
Abstract
A robust and stable phylogenetic framework is a fundamental goal of evolutionary biology. As the third largest insect order in the world following Coleoptera and Diptera, Lepidoptera (butterflies and moths) play a central role in almost every terrestrial ecosystem as indicators of environmental change and serve as important models for biologists exploring questions related to ecology and evolutionary biology. However, for such a charismatic insect group, the higher-level phylogenetic relationships among its superfamilies are still poorly resolved. Compared to earlier phylogenomic studies, we increased taxon sampling among Lepidoptera (37 superfamilies and 68 families containing 263 taxa) and acquired a series of large amino-acid datasets from 69,680 to 400,330 for phylogenomic reconstructions. Using these datasets, we explored the effect of different taxon sampling with significant increases in the number of included genes on tree topology by considering a series of systematic errors using maximum-likelihood (ML) and Bayesian inference (BI) methods. Moreover, we also tested the effectiveness in topology robustness among the three ML-based models. The results showed that taxon sampling is an important determinant in tree robustness of accurate lepidopteran phylogenetic estimation. Long-branch attraction (LBA) caused by site-wise heterogeneity is a significant source of bias giving rise to unstable positions of ditrysian groups in phylogenomic reconstruction. Phylogenetic inference showed the most comprehensive framework to reveal the relationships among lepidopteran superfamilies, and presented some newly relationships with strong supports (Papilionoidea was sister to Gelechioidea and Immoidea was sister to Galacticoidea, respectively), but limited by taxon sampling, the relationships within the species-rich and relatively rapid radiation Ditrysia and especially Apoditrysia remain poorly resolved, which need to increase taxon sampling for further phylogenomic reconstruction. The present study demonstrates that taxon sampling is an important determinant for an accurate lepidopteran tree of life and provides some essential insights for future lepidopteran phylogenomic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Chen
- Yuelushan Laboratory, College of Plant Protection, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China; Tropical Biodiversity and Bioresource Utilization Laboratory, College of Science, Qiongtai Normal University, Haikou 571127, Hainan, China
| | - Min Deng
- Yuelushan Laboratory, College of Plant Protection, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China; Qiannan Polytechnic for Nationality, Duyun 558022, Guizhou, China
| | - Xuan Dai
- Yuelushan Laboratory, College of Plant Protection, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Research Center for Wild Animal and Plant Resource Protection and Utilization, Qiongtai Normal University, Haikou 571127, Hainan, China
| | - Xing Wang
- Yuelushan Laboratory, College of Plant Protection, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China; Tropical Biodiversity and Bioresource Utilization Laboratory, College of Science, Qiongtai Normal University, Haikou 571127, Hainan, China.
| | - Liu-Sheng Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Silviculture, Protection and Utilization, Guangdong Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou 510520, Guangdong, China.
| | - Guo-Hua Huang
- Yuelushan Laboratory, College of Plant Protection, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China.
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2
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Elameen A, Maduna SN, Mageroy MH, van Eerde A, Knudsen G, Hagen SB, Eiken HG. Novel insight into lepidopteran phylogenetics from the mitochondrial genome of the apple fruit moth of the family Argyresthiidae. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:21. [PMID: 38166583 PMCID: PMC10759517 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09905-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The order Lepidoptera has an abundance of species, including both agriculturally beneficial and detrimental insects. Molecular data has been used to investigate the phylogenetic relationships of major subdivisions in Lepidoptera, which has enhanced our understanding of the evolutionary relationships at the family and superfamily levels. However, the phylogenetic placement of many superfamilies and/or families in this order is still unknown. In this study, we determine the systematic status of the family Argyresthiidae within Lepidoptera and explore its phylogenetic affinities and implications for the evolution of the order. We describe the first mitochondrial (mt) genome from a member of Argyresthiidae, the apple fruit moth Argyresthia conjugella. The insect is an important pest on apples in Fennoscandia, as it switches hosts when the main host fails to produce crops. RESULTS The mt genome of A. conjugella contains 16,044 bp and encodes all 37 genes commonly found in insect mt genomes, including 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), two ribosomal RNAs, 22 transfer RNAs, and a large control region (1101 bp). The nucleotide composition was extremely AT-rich (82%). All detected PCGs (13) began with an ATN codon and terminated with a TAA stop codon, except the start codon in cox1 is ATT. All 22 tRNAs had cloverleaf secondary structures, except trnS1, where one of the dihydrouridine (DHU) arms is missing, reflecting potential differences in gene expression. When compared to the mt genomes of 507 other Lepidoptera representing 18 superfamilies and 42 families, phylogenomic analyses found that A. conjugella had the closest relationship with the Plutellidae family (Yponomeutoidea-super family). We also detected a sister relationship between Yponomeutoidea and the superfamily Tineidae. CONCLUSIONS Our results underline the potential importance of mt genomes in comparative genomic analyses of Lepidoptera species and provide valuable evolutionary insight across the tree of Lepidoptera species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelhameed Elameen
- Division of Biotechnology and Plant Health, NIBIO, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, Høghskoleveien 7, N-1431, Aas, Norway.
| | - Simo N Maduna
- Division of Environment and Natural Resources, NIBIO, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, Høghskoleveien 7, N-1431, Aas, Norway
| | - Melissa H Mageroy
- Division of Biotechnology and Plant Health, NIBIO, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, Høghskoleveien 7, N-1431, Aas, Norway
| | - André van Eerde
- Division of Biotechnology and Plant Health, NIBIO, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, Høghskoleveien 7, N-1431, Aas, Norway
| | - Geir Knudsen
- Division of Biotechnology and Plant Health, NIBIO, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, Høghskoleveien 7, N-1431, Aas, Norway
| | - Snorre B Hagen
- Division of Environment and Natural Resources, NIBIO, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, Høghskoleveien 7, N-1431, Aas, Norway
| | - Hans Geir Eiken
- Division of Environment and Natural Resources, NIBIO, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, Høghskoleveien 7, N-1431, Aas, Norway
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Li J, Han G, Tian X, Liang D, Zhang P. UPrimer: A Clade-Specific Primer Design Program Based on Nested-PCR Strategy and Its Applications in Amplicon Capture Phylogenomics. Mol Biol Evol 2023; 40:msad230. [PMID: 37832226 PMCID: PMC10630340 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msad230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Amplicon capture is a promising target sequence capture approach for phylogenomic analyses, and the design of clade-specific nuclear protein-coding locus (NPCL) amplification primers is crucial for its successful application. In this study, we developed a primer design program called UPrimer that can quickly design clade-specific NPCL amplification primers based on genome data, without requiring manual intervention. Unlike other available primer design programs, UPrimer uses a nested-PCR strategy that greatly improves the amplification success rate of the designed primers. We examined all available metazoan genome data deposited in NCBI and developed NPCL primer sets for 21 metazoan groups with UPrimer, covering a wide range of taxa, including arthropods, mollusks, cnidarians, echinoderms, and vertebrates. On average, each clade-specific NPCL primer set comprises ∼1,000 NPCLs. PCR amplification tests were performed in 6 metazoan groups, and the developed primers showed a PCR success rate exceeding 95%. Furthermore, we demonstrated a phylogenetic case study in Lepidoptera, showing how NPCL primers can be used for phylogenomic analyses with amplicon capture. Our results indicated that using 100 NPCL probes recovered robust high-level phylogenetic relationships among butterflies, highlighting the utility of the newly designed NPCL primer sets for phylogenetic studies. We anticipate that the automated tool UPrimer and the developed NPCL primer sets for 21 metazoan groups will enable researchers to obtain phylogenomic data more efficiently and cost-effectively and accelerate the resolution of various parts of the Tree of Life.
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Affiliation(s)
- JiaXuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - GuangCheng Han
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Xiao Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Dan Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
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Hu GL, Brown J, Heikkilä M, Aarvik L, Mutanen M. Molecular phylogeny, divergence time, biogeography and trends in host plant usage in the agriculturally important tortricid tribe Grapholitini (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae: Olethreutinae). Cladistics 2023; 39:359-381. [PMID: 37209356 DOI: 10.1111/cla.12543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The leaf-roller moth tribe Grapholitini comprises about 1200 described species and contains numerous notorious pests of fruits and seeds. The phylogeny of the tribe has been little studied using contemporary methods, and the monophyly of several genera remains questionable. In order to provide a more robust phylogenetic framework for the group, we conducted a multiple-gene phylogenetic analysis of 104 species representing 27 genera of Grapholitini and 29 outgroup species. Divergence time, ancestral area, and host plant usage were also inferred to explore evolutionary trends in the tribe. Our analyses indicate that Larisa and Corticivora, traditionally assigned to Grapholitini, are best excluded from the tribe. After removal of these two genera, the tribe is found to be monophyletic, represented by two major lineages-a Dichrorampha clade and a Cydia clade, the latter of which can be divided into seven generic groups. The genus Grapholita was found to be polyphyletic, comprising three different clades, and we propose three genera to accommodate these groups: Grapholita (sensu stricto), Aspila (formerly a subgenus of Grapholita) and Ephippiphora (formerly considered a synonym of Grapholita). We summarize each generic group, including related genera not included in our analysis, providing morphological, pheromone and food plant characters that support particular branches within the molecular hypotheses. Biogeographical analyses indicate that Grapholitini probably originated in the Nearctic, Afrotropical and Neotropical regions in the Lutetian of the middle Eocene (ca. 44.3 Ma). Our results also indicate that most groups in Grapholitini originated from Fabaceae-feeding monophagous or oligophagous ancestors, and that host plant shifts probably promoted species diversification within the tribe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gui-Lin Hu
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Biodiversity and Ecology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Ecology and Genetics Research Unit, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - John Brown
- National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Maria Heikkilä
- Finnish Museum of Natural History, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Leif Aarvik
- Natural History Museum, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Marko Mutanen
- Ecology and Genetics Research Unit, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
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5
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Piovesan M, Dos Santos FL, Orlandin E, Specht A, Mielke OHH, Casagrande MM. Natural history and morphology of immature stages of Tolype medialis (Jones, 1912) (Lepidoptera: Lasiocampidae: Macromphaliinae). NEOTROPICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2023; 52:860-874. [PMID: 37341900 DOI: 10.1007/s13744-023-01059-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
Lasiocampidae belongs to superfamily Lasiocampoidea and contains more than a thousand species nearly distributed worldwide. Despite the great species richness and wide distribution, this group has internal phylogenetic relationships still little explored and with few studies on the morphology and biology of its immatures. This study describes the immature stages of the neotropical species Tolype medialis (Jones, 1912), focusing on the morphology and natural history. The eggs of T. medialis are oviposited freely inside a conical structure, and the larvae showed gregarious behavior in all instars. The seventh and eighth instar bear a pair of abdominal rounded flattened reddish brown glands on the segments A1, A2, A7, and A8 that produce a wax-like secretion that covers the pupae and the internal walls of the cocoon. In order to add information to the Lasiocampidae family, we compare and discuss these and other traits from the morphology and natural history of T. medialis immatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mônica Piovesan
- Lab de Estudos de Lepidoptera Neotropical, Dept de Zoologia, Univ Federal do Paraná, Paraná, Brazil.
| | | | - Elton Orlandin
- Lab de Estudos de Lepidoptera Neotropical, Dept de Zoologia, Univ Federal do Paraná, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | | | - Mirna Martins Casagrande
- Lab de Estudos de Lepidoptera Neotropical, Dept de Zoologia, Univ Federal do Paraná, Paraná, Brazil
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Lee IHT, Nong W, So WL, Cheung CKH, Xie Y, Baril T, Yip HY, Swale T, Chan SKF, Wei Y, Lo N, Hayward A, Chan TF, Lam HM, Hui JHL. The genome and sex-dependent responses to temperature in the common yellow butterfly, Eurema hecabe. BMC Biol 2023; 21:200. [PMID: 37749565 PMCID: PMC10521528 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-023-01703-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lepidoptera (butterflies and moths) is one of the most geographically widespread insect orders in the world, and its species play important and diverse ecological and applied roles. Climate change is one of the biggest challenges to biodiversity this century, and lepidopterans are vulnerable to climate change. Temperature-dependent gene expression differences are of relevance under the ongoing climate crisis. However, little is known about how climate affects gene expression in lepidopterans and the ecological consequences of this, particularly with respect to genes with biased expression in one of the sexes. The common yellow butterfly, Eurema hecabe (Family Pieridae), is one of the most geographically widespread lepidopterans that can be found in Asia, Africa, and Australia. Nevertheless, what temperature-dependent effects there may be and whether the effects differ between the sexes remain largely unexplored. RESULTS Here, we generated high-quality genomic resources for E. hecabe along with transcriptomes from eight developmental stages. Male and female butterflies were subjected to varying temperatures to assess sex-specific gene expression responses through mRNA and microRNA transcriptomics. We find that there are more temperature-dependent sex-biased genes in females than males, including genes that are involved in a range of biologically important functions, highlighting potential ecological impacts of increased temperatures. Further, by considering available butterfly data on sex-biased gene expression in a comparative genomic framework, we find that the pattern of sex-biased gene expression identified in E. hecabe is highly species-specific, rather than conserved across butterfly species, suggesting that sex-biased gene expression responses to climate change are complex in butterflies. CONCLUSIONS Our study lays the foundation for further understanding of differential responses to environmental stress in a widespread lepidopteran model and demonstrates the potential complexity of sex-specific responses of lepidopterans to climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivy H T Lee
- School of Life Sciences, Simon F.S. Li Marine Science Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Institute of Environment, Energy and Sustainability, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wenyan Nong
- School of Life Sciences, Simon F.S. Li Marine Science Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Institute of Environment, Energy and Sustainability, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wai Lok So
- School of Life Sciences, Simon F.S. Li Marine Science Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Institute of Environment, Energy and Sustainability, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chris K H Cheung
- School of Life Sciences, Simon F.S. Li Marine Science Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Institute of Environment, Energy and Sustainability, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yichun Xie
- School of Life Sciences, Simon F.S. Li Marine Science Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Institute of Environment, Energy and Sustainability, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | | | - Ho Yin Yip
- School of Life Sciences, Simon F.S. Li Marine Science Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Institute of Environment, Energy and Sustainability, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | | | - Simon K F Chan
- Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yingying Wei
- Department of Statistics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Nathan Lo
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Ting Fung Chan
- School of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hon-Ming Lam
- School of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Institute of Environment, Energy and Sustainability, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jerome H L Hui
- School of Life Sciences, Simon F.S. Li Marine Science Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Institute of Environment, Energy and Sustainability, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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7
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Kawahara AY, Storer C, Carvalho APS, Plotkin DM, Condamine FL, Braga MP, Ellis EA, St Laurent RA, Li X, Barve V, Cai L, Earl C, Frandsen PB, Owens HL, Valencia-Montoya WA, Aduse-Poku K, Toussaint EFA, Dexter KM, Doleck T, Markee A, Messcher R, Nguyen YL, Badon JAT, Benítez HA, Braby MF, Buenavente PAC, Chan WP, Collins SC, Rabideau Childers RA, Dankowicz E, Eastwood R, Fric ZF, Gott RJ, Hall JPW, Hallwachs W, Hardy NB, Sipe RLH, Heath A, Hinolan JD, Homziak NT, Hsu YF, Inayoshi Y, Itliong MGA, Janzen DH, Kitching IJ, Kunte K, Lamas G, Landis MJ, Larsen EA, Larsen TB, Leong JV, Lukhtanov V, Maier CA, Martinez JI, Martins DJ, Maruyama K, Maunsell SC, Mega NO, Monastyrskii A, Morais ABB, Müller CJ, Naive MAK, Nielsen G, Padrón PS, Peggie D, Romanowski HP, Sáfián S, Saito M, Schröder S, Shirey V, Soltis D, Soltis P, Sourakov A, Talavera G, Vila R, Vlasanek P, Wang H, Warren AD, Willmott KR, Yago M, Jetz W, Jarzyna MA, Breinholt JW, Espeland M, Ries L, Guralnick RP, Pierce NE, Lohman DJ. A global phylogeny of butterflies reveals their evolutionary history, ancestral hosts and biogeographic origins. Nat Ecol Evol 2023; 7:903-913. [PMID: 37188966 PMCID: PMC10250192 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-023-02041-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Butterflies are a diverse and charismatic insect group that are thought to have evolved with plants and dispersed throughout the world in response to key geological events. However, these hypotheses have not been extensively tested because a comprehensive phylogenetic framework and datasets for butterfly larval hosts and global distributions are lacking. We sequenced 391 genes from nearly 2,300 butterfly species, sampled from 90 countries and 28 specimen collections, to reconstruct a new phylogenomic tree of butterflies representing 92% of all genera. Our phylogeny has strong support for nearly all nodes and demonstrates that at least 36 butterfly tribes require reclassification. Divergence time analyses imply an origin ~100 million years ago for butterflies and indicate that all but one family were present before the K/Pg extinction event. We aggregated larval host datasets and global distribution records and found that butterflies are likely to have first fed on Fabaceae and originated in what is now the Americas. Soon after the Cretaceous Thermal Maximum, butterflies crossed Beringia and diversified in the Palaeotropics. Our results also reveal that most butterfly species are specialists that feed on only one larval host plant family. However, generalist butterflies that consume two or more plant families usually feed on closely related plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akito Y Kawahara
- McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
- Entomology and Nematology Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
| | - Caroline Storer
- McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Ana Paula S Carvalho
- McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - David M Plotkin
- McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Entomology and Nematology Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Fabien L Condamine
- CNRS, Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (Université de Montpellier), Montpellier, France
| | - Mariana P Braga
- Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Emily A Ellis
- McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Ryan A St Laurent
- McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Department of Entomology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Xuankun Li
- McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Center for Biodiversity Research, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Vijay Barve
- McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Liming Cai
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology and Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Chandra Earl
- McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Paul B Frandsen
- Department of Plant and Wildlife Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - Hannah L Owens
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Center for Global Mountain Biodiversity, Globe Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for Macroecology, Evolution, and Climate, GLOBE Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Wendy A Valencia-Montoya
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology and Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Kwaku Aduse-Poku
- Biology Department, City College of New York, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Life and Earth Sciences, Perimeter College, Georgia State University, Decatur, GA, USA
| | - Emmanuel F A Toussaint
- McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Department of Entomology, Natural History Museum of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Kelly M Dexter
- McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Tenzing Doleck
- Biology Department, City College of New York, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
- PhD Program in Biology, Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Amanda Markee
- McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Rebeccah Messcher
- McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Y-Lan Nguyen
- Biology Department, City College of New York, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jade Aster T Badon
- Animal Biology Division, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of the Philippines Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines
| | - Hugo A Benítez
- Laboratorio de Ecología y Morfometría Evolutiva, Centro de Investigación de Estudios Avanzados del Maule, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile
- Millennium Institute Biodiversity of Antarctic and Subantarctic Ecosystems (BASE), Santiago, Chile
| | - Michael F Braby
- Division of Ecology and Evolution, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Acton, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
- Australian National Insect Collection, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | | | - Wei-Ping Chan
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology and Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Richard A Rabideau Childers
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology and Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Even Dankowicz
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology and Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Rod Eastwood
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology and Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Zdenek F Fric
- Biology Centre CAS, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Riley J Gott
- McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Entomology and Nematology Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Jason P W Hall
- Department of Entomology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Winnie Hallwachs
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Nate B Hardy
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Rachel L Hawkins Sipe
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology and Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Alan Heath
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology and Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Iziko South African Museum, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Jomar D Hinolan
- Botany and National Herbarium Division, National Museum of the Philippines, Manila, Philippines
| | - Nicholas T Homziak
- McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Entomology and Nematology Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Yu-Feng Hsu
- College of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Micael G A Itliong
- Biology Department, City College of New York, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Daniel H Janzen
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Krushnamegh Kunte
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bengaluru, India
| | - Gerardo Lamas
- Museo de Historia Natural, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru
| | - Michael J Landis
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Elise A Larsen
- Department of Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | - Jing V Leong
- Biology Department, City College of New York, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
- Biology Centre CAS, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, Department of Zoology, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimir Lukhtanov
- Department of Karyosystematics, Zoological Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Crystal A Maier
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology and Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jose I Martinez
- McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Entomology and Nematology Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Dino J Martins
- Turkana Basin Institute, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | | | - Sarah C Maunsell
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology and Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Nicolás Oliveira Mega
- Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Alexander Monastyrskii
- Vietnam Programme, Fauna & Flora International, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Vietnam National Museum of Nature, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Ana B B Morais
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade Animal, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | | | - Mark Arcebal K Naive
- Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Arts and Sciences, Jose Rizal Memorial State University, Tampilisan, Philippines
| | | | - Pablo Sebastián Padrón
- McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Entomology Laboratory, Museo de Zoología, Universidad del Azuay, Cuenca, Ecuador
| | - Djunijanti Peggie
- Research Center for Biosystematics and Evolution, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Cibinong-Bogor, Indonesia
| | | | - Szabolcs Sáfián
- Institute of Silviculture and Forest Protection, University of West Hungary, Sopron, Hungary
| | - Motoki Saito
- The Research Institute of Evolutionary Biology (Insect Study Division), Setagaya, Japan
| | | | - Vaughn Shirey
- Department of Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Doug Soltis
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Pamela Soltis
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Andrei Sourakov
- McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Gerard Talavera
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology and Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Institut Botànic de Barcelona (IBB, CSIC-Ajuntament de Barcelona), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Roger Vila
- Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (CSIC-Univ. Pompeu Fabra), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Petr Vlasanek
- T.G. Masaryk Water Research Institute, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Houshuai Wang
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Andrew D Warren
- McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Keith R Willmott
- McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Masaya Yago
- The University Museum, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Walter Jetz
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Center for Biodiversity and Global Change, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Marta A Jarzyna
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Translational Data Analytics Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Department of Evolution, Ecology and Organismal Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Jesse W Breinholt
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- RAPiD Genomics, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Marianne Espeland
- Leibniz Institute for the Analysis of Biodiversity Change, Zoological Research Museum Alexander Koenig, Bonn, Germany
| | - Leslie Ries
- Department of Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Robert P Guralnick
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Naomi E Pierce
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology and Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - David J Lohman
- Biology Department, City College of New York, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA.
- PhD Program in Biology, Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA.
- Entomology Section, National Museum of Natural History, Manila, Philippines.
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8
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Langdon WB, Holland PW. The genome sequence of the Feathered Bright, Incurvaria masculella (Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775). Wellcome Open Res 2023; 8:144. [PMID: 38026731 PMCID: PMC10682600 DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.19205.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
We present a genome assembly from an individual male Incurvaria masculella (the Feathered Bright; Arthropoda; Insecta; Lepidoptera; Incurvariidae). The genome sequence is 552 megabases in span. Most of the assembly is scaffolded into 26 chromosomal pseudomolecules, including the assembled Z sex chromosome. The mitochondrial genome has also been assembled and is 15.3 kilobases in length.
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9
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Chang H, Guo J, Li M, Gao Y, Wang S, Wang X, Liu Y. Comparative genome and phylogenetic analysis revealed the complex mitochondrial genome and phylogenetic position of Conopomorpha sinensis Bradley. Sci Rep 2023; 13:4989. [PMID: 36973296 PMCID: PMC10042987 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-30570-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Conopomorpha sinensis Bradley is a destructive pest that causes severe economic damage to litchi and longan. Previous C. sinensis research has focused on population life tables, oviposition selectivity, pest population prediction, and control technology. However, there are few studies on its mitogenome and phylogenetic evolution. In this study, we sequenced the whole mitogenome of C. sinensis by the third-generation sequencing, and analyzed the characteristics of its mitogenome by comparative genome. The complete mitogenome of C. sinensis is a typical circular and double-stranded structure. The ENC-plot analyses revealed that natural selection could affect the information of codon bias of the protein-coding genes in the mitogenome of C. sinensis in the evolutionary process. Compared with 12 other Tineoidea species, the trnA-trnF gene cluster of tRNA in the C. sinensis mitogenome appears to have a new arrangement pattern. This new arrangement has not been found in other Tineoidea or other Lepidoptera, which needs further exploration. Meanwhile, a long AT repeated sequence was inserted between trnR and trnA, trnE and trnF, ND1 and trnS in the mitogenome of C. sinensis, and the reason for this sequence remains to be further studied. Furthermore, the results of phylogenetic analysis showed that the litchi fruit borer belonged to Gracillariidae, and Gracillariidae was monophyletic. The results will contribute to an improved understanding of the complex mitogenome and phylogeny of C. sinensis. It also will provide a molecular basis for further research on the genetic diversity and population differentiation of C. sinensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Chang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control on Fruits and Vegetables in South China Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of High Technology for Plant Protection, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Jianglong Guo
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management On Crops in Northern Region of North China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, IPM Center of Hebei Province, Plant Protection Institute, Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Baoding, 071000, China
| | - Mingzhi Li
- Bio&Data Biotechnologies Co. Ltd., Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Yan Gao
- Institute of Plant Protection, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control on Fruits and Vegetables in South China Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of High Technology for Plant Protection, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Siwei Wang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control on Fruits and Vegetables in South China Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of High Technology for Plant Protection, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Xiaonan Wang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control on Fruits and Vegetables in South China Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of High Technology for Plant Protection, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Yanping Liu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control on Fruits and Vegetables in South China Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of High Technology for Plant Protection, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
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10
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Ding W, Xu H, Wu Z, Hu L, Huang L, Yang M, Li L. The mitochondrial genomes of the Geometroidea (Lepidoptera) and their phylogenetic implications. Ecol Evol 2023; 13:e9813. [PMID: 36789341 PMCID: PMC9911631 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.9813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The Geometroidea is a large superfamily of Lepidoptera in species composition and contains numerous economically important pest species that cause great loss in crop and forest production. However, understanding of mitogenomes remains limited due to relatively fewer mitogenomes previously reported for this megadiverse group. Here, we sequenced and annotated nine mitogenomes for Geometridae and further analyzed the mitogenomic evolution and phylogeny of the whole superfamily. All nine mitogenomes contained 37 mitochondrial genes typical in insects, and gene organization was conserved except for Somatina indicataria. In S. indicataria, the positions of two tRNAs were rearranged. The trnR was located before trnA instead of after trnA typical in Lepidoptera, whereas the trnE was detected rarely on the minority strand (N-strand). This trnR-trnA-trnN-trnS1-trnE-trnF newly recognized in S. indicataria represents the first gene rearrangement reported for Geometroidea and is also unique in Lepidoptera. Besides, nucleotide composition analyses showed little heterogeneity among the four geometrid subfamilies involved herein, and overall, nad6 and atp8 have higher nucleotide diversity and Ka/Ks rate in Geometridae. In addition, the taxonomic assignments of the nine species, historically defined by morphological studies, were confirmed by various phylogenetic analyses based on the hitherto most extensive mitogenomic sampling in Geometroidea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weili Ding
- Finance OfficeZhoukou Normal UniversityZhoukouChina
| | - Haizhen Xu
- College of Life Science and AgronomyZhoukou Normal UniversityZhoukouChina
| | - Zhipeng Wu
- College of Life Science and AgronomyZhoukou Normal UniversityZhoukouChina
| | - Lizong Hu
- College of Life Science and AgronomyZhoukou Normal UniversityZhoukouChina
| | - Li Huang
- College of Life Science and AgronomyZhoukou Normal UniversityZhoukouChina
| | - Mingsheng Yang
- College of Life Science and AgronomyZhoukou Normal UniversityZhoukouChina
| | - Lili Li
- College of Life Science and AgronomyZhoukou Normal UniversityZhoukouChina
- Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Molecular BreedingZhoukou Normal UniversityZhoukouChina
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11
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Holland PWH, Hammond J, Holland AS. The genome sequence of the White-barred Gold, Micropterix aruncella (Scopoli, 1763). Wellcome Open Res 2023; 8:1. [PMID: 37363062 PMCID: PMC10288161 DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.18714.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 07/06/2024] Open
Abstract
We present a genome assembly from an individual female Micropterix aruncella (the White-barred Gold; Arthropoda, Insecta, Lepidoptera; Micropterigidae). The genome sequence is 1,079 megabases in span. Most of the assembly is scaffolded into 31 chromosomal pseudomolecules, including the assembled Z sex chromosome. The mitochondrial genome has also been assembled and is 15.0 kilobases in length.
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12
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Wu Y, Liu X, Zhang Y, Fang H, Lu J, Wang J. Characterization of four mitochondrial genomes of Crambidae (Lepidoptera, Pyraloidea) and phylogenetic implications. ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 112:e21914. [PMID: 35570199 DOI: 10.1002/arch.21914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Loxostege turbidalis, Loxostege aeruginalis, Pyrausta despicata, and Crambus perlellus belong to Crambidae, Pyraloidea. Their mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes) were successfully sequenced. The mitogenomes of L. turbidalis, L. aeruginalis, P. despicata, and C. perlellus are 15 240 bp, 15 339 bp, 15 389 bp, and 15 440 bp. The four mitogenomes all have a typical insect mitochondrial gene order, including 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 transfer RNA (tRNA) genes, two ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes, and one A + T rich region (control region). The PCGs are initiated by the typical ATN codons, except CGA for the cox1 gene. Most PCGs terminate with common codon TAA or TAG, the incomplete codon T is found as the stop codon for cox2, nad4, and nad5. Most tRNA genes exhibit typical cloverleaf structure, except trnS1 (AGN) lacking the dihydrouridine (DHU) arm. The secondary structure of rRNA of four mitogenomes were predicted. Poly-T structure and micro-satellite regions are conserved in control regions. The phylogenetic analyses based on 13 PCGs showed the relationships of subfamilies in Pyraloidea. Pyralidae, and Crambidae are monophyletic, respectively. Pyralidae comprises four subfamilies, which form the following topology with high support values: (Galleriinae + ((Pyralinae + Epipaschiinae)+ Phycitinae)). Crambidae includes seven subfamilies and is divided into two lineages. Pyraustinae and Spilomelinae are sister groups of each other, and form the "PS clade." Other five subfamilies (Crambinae, Acentropinae, Scopariinae, Schoenobiinae, and Glaphyriinae) form the "non-PS clade" in the Bayesian inference tree. However, Schoenobiinae is not grouped with the other four subfamilies and located at the base of Crambidae in two maximum likelihood trees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yupeng Wu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan, China
- College of Plant Protection, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xiaoran Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yulei Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan, China
| | - Hui Fang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan, China
| | - Junjiao Lu
- College of Plant Protection, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Juping Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan, China
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13
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Cheng M, Liu Y, Zheng X, Zhang R, Feng K, Yue B, Du C, Zhou C. Characterization of Seventeen Complete Mitochondrial Genomes: Structural Features and Phylogenetic Implications of the Lepidopteran Insects. INSECTS 2022; 13:998. [PMID: 36354822 PMCID: PMC9694843 DOI: 10.3390/insects13110998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Lepidoptera (moths and butterflies) are widely distributed in the world, but high-level phylogeny in Lepidoptera remains uncertain. More mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) data can help to conduct comprehensive analysis and construct a robust phylogenetic tree. Here, we sequenced and annotated 17 complete moth mitogenomes and made comparative analysis with other moths. The gene order of trnM-trnI-trnQ in 17 moths was different from trnI-trnQ-trnM of ancestral insects. The number, type, and order of genes were consistent with reported moths. The length of newly sequenced complete mitogenomes ranged from 14,231 bp of Rhagastis albomarginatus to 15,756 bp of Numenes albofascia. These moth mitogenomes were typically with high A+T contents varied from 76.0% to 81.7% and exhibited negative GC skews. Among 13 protein coding genes (PCGs), some unusual initiations and terminations were found in part of newly sequenced moth mitogenomes. Three conserved gene-overlapping regions and one conserved intergenic region were detected among 17 mitogenomes. The phylogenetic relationship of major superfamilies in Macroheterocera was as follows: (Bombycoidea + Lasiocampoidea) + ((Drepanoidea + Geometroidea) + Noctuoidea)), which was different from previous studies. Moreover, the topology of Noctuoidea as (Notodontidae + (Erebidae + Noctuidae)) was supported by high Bayesian posterior probabilities (BPP = 1.0) and bootstrapping values (BSV = 100). This study greatly enriched the mitogenome database of moth and strengthened the high-level phylogenetic relationships of Lepidoptera.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiling Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Bioresources and Eco-Environment (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
- State Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Rare Animals of the Giant Panda State Park, China Conservation and Research Center for the Giant Panda, Dujiangyan 611830, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province for Fishes Conservation and Utilization in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, Neijiang Normal University, Neijiang 641000, China
| | - Xiaofeng Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Bioresources and Eco-Environment (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Rusong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bioresources and Eco-Environment (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Kaize Feng
- Key Laboratory of Bioresources and Eco-Environment (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Bisong Yue
- Key Laboratory of Bioresources and Eco-Environment (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Chao Du
- Baotou Teachers College, Baotou 014060, China
| | - Chuang Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Bioresources and Eco-Environment (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
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14
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Zheng X, Zhang R, Yue B, Wu Y, Yang N, Zhou C. Enhanced Resolution of Evolution and Phylogeny of the Moths Inferred from Nineteen Mitochondrial Genomes. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13091634. [PMID: 36140802 PMCID: PMC9498458 DOI: 10.3390/genes13091634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The vast majority (approximately 90%) of Lepidoptera species belong to moths whose phylogeny has been widely discussed and highly controversial. For the further understanding of phylogenetic relationships of moths, nineteen nearly complete mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes) of moths involved in six major lineages were sequenced and characterized. These mitogenomes ranged from 15,177 bp (Cyclidia fractifasciata) to 15,749 bp (Ophthalmitis albosignaria) in length, comprising of the core 37 mitochondrial genes (13 protein-coding genes (PCGs) + 22 tRNAs + two rRNAs) and an incomplete control region. The order and orientation of genes showed the same pattern and the gene order of trnM-trnI-trnQ showed a typical rearrangement of Lepidoptera compared with the ancestral order of trnI-trnQ-trnM. Among these 13 PCGs, ATP8 exhibited the fastest evolutionary rate, and Drepanidae showed the highest average evolutionary rate among six families involved in 66 species. The phylogenetic analyses based on the dataset of 13 PCGs suggested the relationship of (Notodontidae + (Noctuidae + Erebidae)) + (Geometridae + (Sphingidae + Drepanidae)), which suggested a slightly different pattern from previous studies. Most groups were well defined in the subfamily level except Erebidae, which was not fully consistent across bayesian and maximum likelihood methods. Several formerly unassigned tribes of Geometridae were suggested based on mitogenome sequences despite a not very strong support in partial nodes. The study of mitogenomes of these moths can provide fundamental information of mitogenome architecture, and the phylogenetic position of moths, and contributes to further phylogeographical studies and the biological control of pests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Bioresources and Ecoenvironment (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Rusong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bioresources and Ecoenvironment (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Bisong Yue
- Key Laboratory of Bioresources and Ecoenvironment (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Yongjie Wu
- Key Laboratory of Bioresources and Ecoenvironment (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Nan Yang
- Institute of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610064, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Ecological Animal Husbandry of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610064, China
- Correspondence: (N.Y.); (C.Z.)
| | - Chuang Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Bioresources and Ecoenvironment (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
- Correspondence: (N.Y.); (C.Z.)
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15
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Johnson TL, Elgar MA, Symonds MRE. Movement and olfactory signals: Sexually dimorphic antennae and female flightlessness in moths. Front Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2022.919093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Darwin argued a role for sexual selection in the evolution of male sensory structures, including insect antennae, the strength of which will depend upon the importance of early arrival at receptive females. There is remarkable variation in the nature and degree of sexual dimorphism in moth antennae, with males of some species having spectacular, feathery antennae. Although it is widely assumed that these elaborate structures provide greater sensitivity to chemical signals (sex pheromones), the factors underlying the interspecific diversity in male antennal structure and size are poorly understood. Because male antennal morphology may be affected by several female life–history traits, including flight ability, we conducted a phylogenetic comparative analysis to test how these traits are linked, using data from 93 species of moths across 11 superfamilies. Our results reveal that elaborate antennae in males have evolved more frequently in species where females are monandrous. Further, female loss of flight ability evolved more frequently in species where males have elaborate antennae. These results suggest that elaborate antennae have evolved in response to more intense male competition, arising from female monandry, and that the evolution of elaborate antennae in males has, in turn, shaped the evolution of female flightlessness.
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16
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Chen Q, Chen L, Liao CQ, Wang X, Wang M, Huang GH. Comparative mitochondrial genome analysis and phylogenetic relationship among lepidopteran species. Gene 2022; 830:146516. [PMID: 35452707 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.146516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Lepidoptera has rich species including many agricultural pests and economical insects around the world. The mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes) were utilized to explore the phylogenetic relationships between difference taxonomic levels in Lepidoptera. However, the knowledge of mitogenomic characteristics and phylogenetic position about superfamily-level in this order is unresolved. In this study, we integrated 794 mitogenomes consisting of 37 genes and a noncoding control region, which covered 26 lepidopteran superfamilies from newly sequenced and publicly available genomes for comparative genomic and phylogenetic analysis. In primitive taxon, putative start codon of cox1 gene was ATA or ATT instead of CGA, but stop codon of that showed four types, namely TAA, TAG, TA and T. The 7-bp overlap between atp8 and atp6 presented as "ATGATAA". Moreover, the most frequently utilized amino acids were leucine (UUA) in 13 PCGs. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the main backbone relationship in Lepidoptera was (Hepialoidea + (Nepticuloidea + (Adeloidea + (Tischerioidea + (Tineoidea + (Yponomeutoidea + (Gracillarioidea + (Papilionoidea + ((Zygaenoidea + Tortricoidea) + (Gelechioidea + (Pyraloidea + ((Geometroidea + Noctuoidea) + (Lasiocampoidea + Bombycoidea))))))))))))).
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Chen
- College of Science, Qiongtai Normal University, Haikou, Hainan 571100, China; College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
| | - Lu Chen
- College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Hunan Agricultural University, Nongda Road, Furong District, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
| | - Cheng-Qing Liao
- College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Hunan Agricultural University, Nongda Road, Furong District, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
| | - Xing Wang
- College of Science, Qiongtai Normal University, Haikou, Hainan 571100, China; College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China.
| | - Min Wang
- College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, China
| | - Guo-Hua Huang
- College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Hunan Agricultural University, Nongda Road, Furong District, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China.
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17
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Anti-bat ultrasound production in moths is globally and phylogenetically widespread. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2117485119. [PMID: 35704762 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2117485119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Warning signals are well known in the visual system, but rare in other modalities. Some moths produce ultrasonic sounds to warn bats of noxious taste or to mimic unpalatable models. Here, we report results from a long-term study across the globe, assaying moth response to playback of bat echolocation. We tested 252 genera, spanning most families of large-bodied moths, and document anti-bat ultrasound production in 52 genera, with eight subfamily origins described. Based on acoustic analysis of ultrasonic emissions and palatability experiments with bats, it seems that acoustic warning and mimicry are the raison d'être for sound production in most moths. However, some moths use high-duty-cycle ultrasound capable of jamming bat sonar. In fact, we find preliminary evidence of independent origins of sonar jamming in at least six subfamilies. Palatability data indicate that jamming and warning are not mutually exclusive strategies. To explore the possible organization of anti-bat warning sounds into acoustic mimicry rings, we intensively studied a community of moths in Ecuador and, using machine-learning approaches, found five distinct acoustic clusters. While these data represent an early understanding of acoustic aposematism and mimicry across this megadiverse insect order, it is likely that ultrasonically signaling moths comprise one of the largest mimicry complexes on earth.
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Thrimawithana AH, Wu C, Christeller JT, Simpson RM, Hilario E, Tooman LK, Begum D, Jordan MD, Crowhurst R, Newcomb RD, Grapputo A. The Genomics and Population Genomics of the Light Brown Apple Moth, Epiphyas postvittana, an Invasive Tortricid Pest of Horticulture. INSECTS 2022; 13:insects13030264. [PMID: 35323562 PMCID: PMC8951345 DOI: 10.3390/insects13030264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary In this study, we produced a genomic resource for the light brown apple moth, Epiphyas postvittana, to understand the biological basis of adaptation to a high number of hosts (polyphagy) and the invasive nature of this and other lepidopteran pests. The light brown apple moth is an invasive pest of horticultural plants, with over 500 recorded plant hosts. With origins in Australia, the pest has subsequently spread to New Zealand, Hawaii, California and Europe, causing significant economic losses for fruit producers. Comparative genomic analyses with other lepidopteran genomes indicate that a high proportion of the genome is made up of repetitive sequences, with the majority of the known elements being DNA transposable elements and retrotransposons. Twenty gene families show significant expansions, including some likely to have a role in its pest status. Finally, population genomics, investigated by a RAD-tag approach, indicated likely patterns of invasion and admixture, with Californian moths most probably being derived from Australia. Abstract The light brown apple moth, Epiphyas postvittana is an invasive, polyphagous pest of horticultural systems around the world. With origins in Australia, the pest has subsequently spread to New Zealand, Hawaii, California and Europe, where it has been found on over 500 plants, including many horticultural crops. We have produced a genomic resource, to understand the biological basis of the polyphagous and invasive nature of this and other lepidopteran pests. The assembled genome sequence encompassed 598 Mb and has an N50 of 301.17 kb, with a BUSCO completion rate of 97.9%. Epiphyas postvittana has 34% of its assembled genome represented as repetitive sequences, with the majority of the known elements made up of longer DNA transposable elements (14.07 Mb) and retrotransposons (LINE 17.83 Mb). Of the 31,389 predicted genes, 28,714 (91.5%) were assigned to 11,438 orthogroups across the Lepidoptera, of which 945 were specific to E. postvittana. Twenty gene families showed significant expansions in E. postvittana, including some likely to have a role in its pest status, such as cytochrome p450s, glutathione-S-transferases and UDP-glucuronosyltransferases. Finally, using a RAD-tag approach, we investigated the population genomics of this pest, looking at its likely patterns of invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amali H. Thrimawithana
- The New Zealand Institute of Plant and Food Research Limited, Auckland 1025, New Zealand; (A.H.T.); (C.W.); (E.H.); (L.K.T.); (D.B.); (M.D.J.); (R.C.)
| | - Chen Wu
- The New Zealand Institute of Plant and Food Research Limited, Auckland 1025, New Zealand; (A.H.T.); (C.W.); (E.H.); (L.K.T.); (D.B.); (M.D.J.); (R.C.)
| | - John T. Christeller
- The New Zealand Institute of Plant and Food Research Limited, Palmerston North 4410, New Zealand; (J.T.C.); (R.M.S.)
| | - Robert M. Simpson
- The New Zealand Institute of Plant and Food Research Limited, Palmerston North 4410, New Zealand; (J.T.C.); (R.M.S.)
| | - Elena Hilario
- The New Zealand Institute of Plant and Food Research Limited, Auckland 1025, New Zealand; (A.H.T.); (C.W.); (E.H.); (L.K.T.); (D.B.); (M.D.J.); (R.C.)
| | - Leah K. Tooman
- The New Zealand Institute of Plant and Food Research Limited, Auckland 1025, New Zealand; (A.H.T.); (C.W.); (E.H.); (L.K.T.); (D.B.); (M.D.J.); (R.C.)
| | - Doreen Begum
- The New Zealand Institute of Plant and Food Research Limited, Auckland 1025, New Zealand; (A.H.T.); (C.W.); (E.H.); (L.K.T.); (D.B.); (M.D.J.); (R.C.)
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Melissa D. Jordan
- The New Zealand Institute of Plant and Food Research Limited, Auckland 1025, New Zealand; (A.H.T.); (C.W.); (E.H.); (L.K.T.); (D.B.); (M.D.J.); (R.C.)
| | - Ross Crowhurst
- The New Zealand Institute of Plant and Food Research Limited, Auckland 1025, New Zealand; (A.H.T.); (C.W.); (E.H.); (L.K.T.); (D.B.); (M.D.J.); (R.C.)
| | - Richard D. Newcomb
- The New Zealand Institute of Plant and Food Research Limited, Auckland 1025, New Zealand; (A.H.T.); (C.W.); (E.H.); (L.K.T.); (D.B.); (M.D.J.); (R.C.)
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
- Correspondence:
| | - Alessandro Grapputo
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy;
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Davis RB, Õunap E, Tammaru T. A supertree of Northern European macromoths. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0264211. [PMID: 35180261 PMCID: PMC8856531 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0264211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Ecological and life-history data on the Northern European macromoth (Lepidoptera: Macroheterocera) fauna is widely available and ideal for use in answering phylogeny-based research questions: for example, in comparative biology. However, phylogenetic information for such studies lags behind. Here, as a synthesis of all currently available phylogenetic information on the group, we produce a supertree of 114 Northern European macromoth genera (in four superfamilies, with Geometroidea considered separately), providing the most complete phylogenetic picture of this fauna available to date. In doing so, we assess those parts of the phylogeny that are well resolved and those that are uncertain. Furthermore, we identify those genera for which phylogenetic information is currently too poor to include in such a supertree, or entirely absent, as targets for future work. As an aid to studies involving these genera, we provide information on their likely positions within the macromoth tree. With phylogenies playing an ever more important role in the field, this supertree should be useful in informing future ecological and evolutionary studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert B. Davis
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Erki Õunap
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Toomas Tammaru
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
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DOBRYNINA VIKTORIJA, STONIS JONASR, DIŠKUS ARŪNAS, SOLIS MALMA, BARYSHNIKOVA SVETLANAV, SHIN YOUNGMIN. Global Nepticulidae, Opostegidae, and Tischeriidae (Lepidoptera): temporal dynamics of species descriptions and their authors. Zootaxa 2022; 5099:450-474. [DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5099.4.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
This study identifies the number of named and described species of three monotrysian, plant-mining lepidopteran families worldwide: Nepticulidae and Opostegidae (Nepticuloidea), and Tischeriidae (Tischerioidea). At the end of 2021, we estimated that a total of 1000 Nepticulidae species, 197 Opostegidae species, and 170 Tischeriidae species have been described since the taxonomic practice of describing species began in the 18th century. We examine and discuss the history of descriptions and authorship of species worldwide for each of the three families. We found that the total (accumulative) number of species described increased with each time period delineated. About five new species were described per year on average, or about 22 new species were described per year in the 21st century. We recognize researchers with the most number of described species in these three taxa.
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21
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Huang S, Hou Y, Zhu L, Xu Y, Wang M, Fan X, Long Y, Da W, Chen L. ?Description of a new species of the genus Neopseustis Meyrick, 1909 from China, with a new classification of the genus (Lepidoptera, Neopseustoidea, Neopseustidae). Zookeys 2022; 1078:35-48. [PMID: 35035254 PMCID: PMC8695565 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1078.75461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
A new species of the genus Neopseustis Meyrick, 1909, Neopseustischentangensis S.Y. Huang & Chen sp. nov., which was confirmed by both morphological and molecular methods, is described from Xizang, China. This is currently the westernmost species in Asia of the primitive lepidopteran family Neopseustidae. The new species is externally reminiscent of N.moxiensis Chen & Owada, 2009; however, it can be easily distinguished from the latter by comparison of the male genitalia and is further distinguished by the large genetic distance in DNA barcodes (COI). The adult and genitalia of the new and similar species have been illustrated. Utilizing our new data, a new classification of the genus is provided, with its members subdivided into four species groups: the meyricki-group, the moxiensis-group, the bicornuta-group, and the chentangensis-group, which are supported by both molecular and morphological evidence. A checklist of the genus and a key to the species groups are also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyao Huang
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, China South China Agricultural University Guangzhou China
| | - Yongxiang Hou
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, China South China Agricultural University Guangzhou China
| | - Lijuan Zhu
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, China South China Agricultural University Guangzhou China
| | - Yongqiang Xu
- Tibet Plateau Institute of Biology, Lhasa 850001, Xizang Autonomous Prefecture, China Tibet Plateau Institute of Biology Lhasa China
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, China South China Agricultural University Guangzhou China
| | - Xiaoling Fan
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, China South China Agricultural University Guangzhou China
| | - Yang Long
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, China South China Agricultural University Guangzhou China
| | - Wa Da
- Tibet Plateau Institute of Biology, Lhasa 850001, Xizang Autonomous Prefecture, China Tibet Plateau Institute of Biology Lhasa China
| | - Liusheng Chen
- Guangdong Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou 510520, Guangdong, China Guangdong Academy of Forestry Guangzhou China
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OUP accepted manuscript. Zool J Linn Soc 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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Abdel-Gaber R, Alajmi R, Haddadi R. Identifying two moth species (Lepidoptera: Ditrysia) from Saudi Arabia using mitochondrial 16S rRNA sequences. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:7253-7256. [PMID: 34867029 PMCID: PMC8626258 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The mitochondrial genetic markers are considered useful tools for discrimination between more closely related lepidopteran taxa. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the role of mitochondrial (mt) 16 s rRNA gene in the determination of the taxonomic position for two moth species within Ditrysia clade. Maximum likelihood analysis has indicated a well-supported dendrogram based on the Tamura-Nei model for the recovered lepidopterans. The mt 16 s rRNA query sequences from 24 species within seven families were analyzed. This analysis and bootstrap confidence revealed two major clades representing Glossata suborder within Lepidoptera, with a close relationship of Noctuoidea + (Pyraloidea (Hesperioidea + Papilionoidea)). The subfamily Heliothinae forming a sister group with Risobinae (Noctinae + Hadeninae). In addition, there is a clear observation about the close relation between Phycitinae + Galleriinae within Pyraloidea and Cyrestinae + Limenitidinae within Papilionoidea. The present study supported that the Helicoverpa and Meroptera species are the first accounts of these genera inhabiting Saudi Arabia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rewaida Abdel-Gaber
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 145111, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reem Alajmi
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 145111, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rania Haddadi
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 145111, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Li X, St Laurent R, Earl C, Doorenweerd C, van Nieukerken EJ, Davis DR, Johns CA, Kawakita A, Kobayashi S, Zwick A, Lopez-Vaamonde C, Ohshima I, Kawahara AY. Phylogeny of gracillariid leaf-mining moths: evolution of larval behaviour inferred from phylogenomic and Sanger data. Cladistics 2021; 38:277-300. [PMID: 34710244 DOI: 10.1111/cla.12490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Gracillariidae is the most taxonomically diverse cosmopolitan leaf-mining moth family, consisting of nearly 2000 named species in 105 described genera, classified into eight extant subfamilies. The majority of gracillariid species are internal plant feeders as larvae, creating mines and galls in plant tissue. Despite their diversity and ecological adaptations, their phylogenetic relationships, especially among subfamilies, remain uncertain. Genomic data (83 taxa, 589 loci) were integrated with Sanger data (130 taxa, 22 loci), to reconstruct a phylogeny of Gracillariidae. Based on analyses of both datasets combined and analyzed separately, monophyly of Gracillariidae and all its subfamilies, monophyly of the clade "LAMPO" (subfamilies: Lithocolletinae, Acrocercopinae, Marmarinae, Phyllocnistinae, and Oecophyllembiinae) and relationships of its subclade "AMO" (subfamilies: Acrocercopinae, Marmarinae, and Oecophyllembiinae) were strongly supported. A sister-group relationship of Ornixolinae to the remainder of the family, and a monophyletic leaf roller lineage (Callicercops Vári + Parornichinae) + Gracillariinae, as sister to the "LAMPO" clade were supported by the most likely tree. Dating analyses indicate a mid-Cretaceous (105.3 Ma) origin of the family, followed by a rapid diversification into the nine subfamilies predating the Cretaceous-Palaeogene extinction. We hypothesize that advanced larval behaviours, such as making keeled or tentiform blotch mines, rolling leaves and galling, allowed gracillariids to better avoid larval parasitoids allowing them to further diversify. Finally, we stabilize the classification by formally re-establishing the subfamily ranks of Marmarinae stat.rev., Oecophyllembiinae stat.rev. and Parornichinae stat.rev., and erect a new subfamily, Callicercopinae Li, Ohshima and Kawahara to accommodate the enigmatic genus Callicercops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuankun Li
- McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Ryan St Laurent
- McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.,Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Chandra Earl
- McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.,Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Camiel Doorenweerd
- Department of Plant and Environmental Protection Services, University of Hawaii, 3050 Maile Way, Honolulu, HI, 96822-2231, USA
| | | | - Donald R Davis
- Department of Entomology, NHB 105, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Chris A Johns
- McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.,Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Atsushi Kawakita
- The Botanical Gardens, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 112-0001, Japan
| | - Shigeki Kobayashi
- Entomological Laboratory, Graduate School of life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka, 599-8531, Japan
| | - Andreas Zwick
- Australian National Insect Collection, National Research Collections Australia, CSIRO, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Carlos Lopez-Vaamonde
- INRAE, URZF, Orléans, France.,IRBI, UMR 7261, CNRS-Université de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Issei Ohshima
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, Sakyo, Kyoto, 606-8522, Japan.,Center for Frontier Natural History, Kyoto Prefectural University, Sakyo, Kyoto, 606-8522, Japan
| | - Akito Y Kawahara
- McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.,Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.,Entomology and Nematology Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32608, USA
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Wenda C, Xing S, Nakamura A, Bonebrake TC. Morphological and behavioural differences facilitate tropical butterfly persistence in variable environments. J Anim Ecol 2021; 90:2888-2900. [PMID: 34529271 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.13589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The thermal biology of ectotherms largely determines their abundance and distributions. In general, tropical species inhabiting warm and stable thermal environments tend to have low tolerance to cold and variable environments, which may restrict their expansion into temperate climates. However, the distribution of some tropical species does extend into cooler areas such as tropical borders and high elevation tropical mountains. Behavioural and morphological differences may therefore play important roles in facilitating tropical species to cope with cold and variable climates at tropical edges. We used field-validated biophysical models to estimate body temperatures of butterflies across elevational gradients at three sites in southern China and assessed the contribution of behavioural and morphological differences in facilitating their persistence in tropical and temperate climates. We investigated the effects of temperature on the activity of 4,844 individuals of 144 butterfly species along thermal gradients and tested whether species of different climatic affinities-tropical and widespread (distributed in both temperate and tropical regions)-differed in their thermoregulatory strategies (i.e. basking). In addition, we tested whether thermally related morphology or the strength of solar radiation (when butterflies were recorded) was related to such differences. We found that activities of tropical species were restricted (low abundance) at low air temperatures compared to widespread species. Active tropical species were also more likely to bask at cooler body temperatures than widespread species. Heat gain from behavioural thermoregulation was higher for tropical species (when accounting for species abundance), and heat gain correlated with larger thorax widths but not with measured solar radiation. Our results indicate that physiological intolerance to cold temperatures in tropical species may be compensated through behavioural and morphological responses in thermoregulation in variable subtropical environments. Increasing climatic variability with climate change may render tropical species more vulnerable to cold weather extremes compared to widespread species that are more physiologically suited to variable environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Wenda
- Division for Ecology & Biodiversity, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong S.A.R, China
| | - Shuang Xing
- Division for Ecology & Biodiversity, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong S.A.R, China.,Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Akihiro Nakamura
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, China
| | - Timothy C Bonebrake
- Division for Ecology & Biodiversity, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong S.A.R, China
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Mitochondrial Genomes of Hestina persimilis and Hestinalis nama (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae): Genome Description and Phylogenetic Implications. INSECTS 2021; 12:insects12080754. [PMID: 34442319 PMCID: PMC8397171 DOI: 10.3390/insects12080754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary In this study, the mitogenomes of Hestina persimilis and Hestinalis nama were obtained via sanger sequencing. Compared with other mitogenomes of Apaturinae butterflies, conclusions can be made that the mitogenomes of Hestina persimilis and Hestinalis nama are highly conservative. The phylogenetic trees build upon mitogenomic data showing that the relationships among Nymphalidae are similar to previous studies. Hestinalisnama is apart from Hestina, and closely related to Apatura, forming a monophyletic clade. Abstract In this study, the complete mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes) of Hestina persimilis and Hestinalis nama (Nymphalidae: Apaturinae) were acquired. The mitogenomes of H. persimilis and H. nama are 15,252 bp and 15,208 bp in length, respectively. These two mitogenomes have the typical composition, including 37 genes and a control region. The start codons of the protein-coding genes (PCGs) in the two mitogenomes are the typical codon pattern ATN, except CGA in the cox1 gene. Twenty-one tRNA genes show a typical clover leaf structure, however, trnS1(AGN) lacks the dihydrouridine (DHU) stem. The secondary structures of rrnL and rrnS of two species were predicted, and there are several new stem loops near the 5′ of rrnL secondary structure. Based on comparative genomic analysis, four similar conservative structures can be found in the control regions of these two mitogenomes. The phylogenetic analyses were performed on mitogenomes of Nymphalidae. The phylogenetic trees show that the relationships among Nymphalidae are generally identical to previous studies, as follows: Libytheinae\Danainae + ((Calinaginae + Satyrinae) + Danainae\Libytheinae + ((Heliconiinae + Limenitidinae) + (Nymphalinae + (Apaturinae + Biblidinae)))). Hestinalisnama is apart from Hestina, and closely related to Apatura, forming monophyly.
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Craig CW, Felder DL. Molecular phylogenetic analysis of the Paguristes tortugae Schmitt, 1933 complex and selected other Paguroidea (Crustacea: Decapoda: Anomura). Zootaxa 2021; 4999:301-324. [PMID: 34810482 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4999.4.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Morphological characters, as presently applied to describe members of the Paguristes tortugae Schmitt, 1933 species complex, appear to be of limited value in inferring phylogenetic relationships within the genus, and may have similarly misinformed understanding of relationships between members of this complex and those presently assigned to the related genera Areopaguristes Rahayu McLaughlin, 2010 and Pseudopaguristes McLaughlin, 2002. Previously undocumented observations of similarities and differences in color patterns among populations additionally suggest genetic divergences within some species, or alternatively seem to support phylogenetic groupings of some species. In the present study, a Maximum Likelihood (ML) phylogenetic analysis was undertaken based on the H3, 12S mtDNA, and 16S mtDNA sequences of 148 individuals, primarily representatives of paguroid species from the western Atlantic. This molecular analysis supported a polyphyletic Diogenidae Ortmann, 1892, although incomplete taxonomic sampling among the genera of Diogenidae limits the utility of this finding for resolving family level relationships. Several hypotheses regarding the evolutionary relationships among hermit crab genera were refuted by the Kishino-Hasegawa (KH). Shimodaira-Hasegawa (SH) and Approximately Unbiased (AU) tree topology tests, among them the hypothesis that Areopaguristes is monophyletic. A lack of support for the monophyly of Areopaguristes calls into question the phylogenetic validity of gill number for the differentiation of Paguristes, Areopaguristes, and Pseudopaguristes. The study was inconclusive with regard to the relationships among these three genera, but previously unknown diversity within both Paguristes and Areopaguristes was demonstrated. Existence of an undescribed species confounded under the name Paguristes tortugae Schmitt, 1933 was supported by genetics, morphology, and coloration. A second undescribed species with remarkable similarity to Areopaguristes hummi Wass, 1955 was discovered based on genetics and coloration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine W Craig
- Department of Biology and Laboratory for Crustacean Research, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, P.O. Box 42451, Lafayette, Louisiana, 705042451, USA..
| | - Darryl L Felder
- Department of Biology and Laboratory for Crustacean Research, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, P.O. Box 42451, Lafayette, Louisiana, 705042451, USA..
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O’Reilly LJ, Harris BJ, Agassiz DJL, Holderied MW. Convergent Evolution of Wingbeat-Powered Anti-Bat Ultrasound in the Microlepidoptera. Front Ecol Evol 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2021.648223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Bats and moths provide a textbook example of predator-prey evolutionary arms races, demonstrating adaptations, and counter adaptations on both sides. The evolutionary responses of moths to the biosonar-led hunting strategies of insectivorous bats include convergently evolved hearing structures tuned to detect bat echolocation frequencies. These allow many moths to detect hunting bats and manoeuvre to safety, or in the case of some taxa, respond by emitting sounds which startle bats, jam their biosonar, and/or warn them of distastefulness. Until now, research has focused on the larger macrolepidoptera, but the recent discovery of wingbeat-powered anti-bat sounds in a genus of deaf microlepidoptera (Yponomeuta), suggests that the speciose but understudied microlepidoptera possess further and more widespread anti-bat defences. Here we demonstrate that wingbeat-powered ultrasound production, likely providing an anti-bat function, appears to indeed be spread widely in the microlepidoptera; showing that acoustically active structures (aeroelastic tymbals, ATs) have evolved in at least three, and likely four different regions of the wing. Two of these tymbals are found in multiple microlepidopteran superfamilies, and remarkably, three were found in a single subfamily. We document and characterise sound production from four microlepidopteran taxa previously considered silent. Our findings demonstrate that the microlepidoptera contribute their own unwritten chapters to the textbook bat-moth coevolutionary arms race.
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Lee KH, Kim MJ, Wang AR, Park JS, Kim SS, Kim I. Complete mitochondrial genome of Acanthopsyche nigraplaga (Lepidoptera: Psychidae). MITOCHONDRIAL DNA PART B-RESOURCES 2021; 6:1091-1093. [PMID: 33796751 PMCID: PMC7995843 DOI: 10.1080/23802359.2021.1899876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
We report the mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of a case-making moth Acanthopsyche nigraplaga Wileman, 1911 (Lepidoptera: Psychidae). The 15,704 bp long complete mitogenome comprises a typical set of genes [13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 2 rRNA genes, and 22 tRNA genes] and one major non-coding, A + T-rich region, with an arrangement identical to that observed in most lepidopteran mitogenomes. Twelve of the 13 PCGs of the A. nigraplaga mitogenome initiate with a typical ATN start codon, however COI contains the atypical CGA start codon that is common for lepidopteran COI genes. A phylogenetic analysis using concatenated nucleotide sequences of the 13 PCGs and 2 rRNA genes using the Bayesian inference method fully resolved A. nigraplaga in a monophyletic clade within the Psychidae. Acanthopsyche nigraplaga was situated in a sister position to Eumeta variegata and Mahasena oolona with high nodal support. As more mitogenome sequences are available further scrutinized analysis for the superfamily Tineoidea including Psychidae will be possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keon Hee Lee
- Department of Applied Biology, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Jee Kim
- Department of Applied Biology, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.,Experiment and Analysis Division, Honam Regional Office, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gunsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Ah Rha Wang
- Department of Applied Biology, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Sun Park
- Department of Applied Biology, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Soo Kim
- Research Institute for East Asian Environment and Biology, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Iksoo Kim
- Department of Applied Biology, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
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Marco HG, Šimek P, Gäde G. Unique Members of the Adipokinetic Hormone Family in Butterflies and Moths (Insecta, Lepidoptera). Front Physiol 2020; 11:614552. [PMID: 33391031 PMCID: PMC7773649 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.614552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Lepidoptera is amongst one of the four most speciose insect orders and ecologically very successful because of their ability to fly. Insect flight is always aerobic and exacts a high metabolic demand on the animal. A family of structurally related neuropeptides, generically referred to as adipokinetic hormones (AKHs), play a key role in triggering the release of readily utilizable fuel metabolites into the hemolymph from the storage forms in the fat body. We used mass spectrometry to elucidate AKH sequences from 34 species of Lepidoptera and searched the literature and publicly available databases to compile (in a phylogenetic context) a comprehensive list of all Lepidoptera sequences published/predicted from a total of 76 species. We then used the resulting set of 15 biochemically characterized AKHs in a physiological assay that measures lipid or carbohydrate mobilization in three different lepidopteran species to learn about the functional cross-activity (receptor-ligand interactions) amongst the different butterfly/moth families. Our results include novel peptide structures, demonstrate structural diversity, phylogenetic trends in peptide distribution and order-specificity of Lepidoptera AKHs. There is almost an equal occurrence of octa-, nona-, and decapeptides, with an unparalleled emphasis on nonapeptides than in any insect order. Primitive species make Peram-CAH-II, an octapeptide found also in other orders; the lepidopteran signature peptide is Manse-AKH. Not all of the 15 tested AKHs are active in Pieris brassicae; this provides insight into structure-activity specificity and could be useful for further investigations into possible biorational insecticide development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather G. Marco
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa
| | - Petr Šimek
- Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice, Czechia
| | - Gerd Gäde
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa
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Lee KH, Kim MJ, Park JS, Kim I. Complete mitochondrial genome of Pterodecta felderi (Lepidoptera: Callidulidae). MITOCHONDRIAL DNA PART B-RESOURCES 2020; 5:3730-3732. [PMID: 33367079 PMCID: PMC7671659 DOI: 10.1080/23802359.2020.1833777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
We report the mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of Pterodecta felderi (Callidulidae: Lepidoptera), which is the first mitogenome sequences in the family Callidulidae, a monotypic family in the superfamily Calliduloidea. The 15,340-bp long complete mitogenome consists of a typical set of genes (13 protein-coding genes [PCGs], 2 rRNA genes, and 22 tRNA genes) and 1 major non-coding A + T-rich region, which are arranged in a way that is frequently observed in Lepidoptera. Of the 13 PCGs, 12 P. felderi start with ATN, except for COI, which starts with CGA. The P. felderi mitogenome consists of 210-bp long intergenic-spacer sequences and 27-bp long overlaps. Phylogenetic analysis of superfamilial relationships in the lepidopteran clade Obtectomera with concatenated sequences of the 13 PCGs and 2 rRNA genes using the Bayesian inference method showed that Calliduloidea, which is only represented by P. felderi, was placed as the most basal lineage about Macroheterocera (Lasiocampoidea, Bombycoidea, Mimallonoidea, Noctuoidea, and Drepanoidea), Papilionoidea, and Pyraloidea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keon Hee Lee
- Department of Applied Biology, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Jee Kim
- Department of Applied Biology, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.,Herbal Medicine Resources Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Naju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Sun Park
- Department of Applied Biology, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Iksoo Kim
- Department of Applied Biology, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
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Tooker JF, Giron D. The Evolution of Endophagy in Herbivorous Insects. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:581816. [PMID: 33250909 PMCID: PMC7673406 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.581816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Herbivorous feeding inside plant tissues, or endophagy, is a common lifestyle across Insecta, and occurs in insect taxa that bore, roll, tie, mine, gall, or otherwise modify plant tissues so that the tissues surround the insects while they are feeding. Some researchers have developed hypotheses to explain the adaptive significance of certain endophytic lifestyles (e.g., miners or gallers), but we are unaware of previous efforts to broadly characterize the adaptive significance of endophagy more generally. To fill this knowledge gap, we characterized the limited set of evolutionary selection pressures that could have encouraged phytophagous insects to feed inside plants, and then consider how these factors align with evidence for endophagy in the evolutionary history of orders of herbivorous insects. Reviewing the occurrence of endophytic taxa of various feeding guilds reveals that the pattern of evolution of endophagy varies strongly among insect orders, in some cases being an ancestral trait (e.g., Coleoptera and Lepidoptera) while being more derived in others (e.g., Diptera). Despite the large diversity of endophagous lifestyles and evolutionary trajectories that have led to endophagy in insects, our consideration of selection pressures leads us to hypothesize that nutritionally based factors may have had a stronger influence on evolution of endophagy than other factors, but that competition, water conservation, and natural enemies may have played significant roles in the development of endophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- John F. Tooker
- Department of Entomology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - David Giron
- Institut de Recherche sur la Biologie de l’Insecte, UMR 7261, CNRS/Université de Tours, Parc Grandmont, Tours, France
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Léger T, Mally R, Neinhuis C, Nuss M. Refining the phylogeny of Crambidae with complete sampling of subfamilies (Lepidoptera, Pyraloidea). ZOOL SCR 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/zsc.12452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Théo Léger
- Museum für Naturkunde – Leibniz‐Institut für Evolutions‐ und Biodiversitätsforschung Berlin Germany
| | - Richard Mally
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences Czech University of Life Sciences in Prague Praha Czech Republic
| | | | - Matthias Nuss
- Museum of Zoology Senckenberg Natural History Collections Dresden Germany
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Whitaker MRL, Salzman S. Ecology and evolution of cycad-feeding Lepidoptera. Ecol Lett 2020; 23:1862-1877. [PMID: 32969575 DOI: 10.1111/ele.13581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Cycads are an ancient group of tropical gymnosperms that are toxic to most animals - including humans - though the larvae of many moths and butterflies (order: Lepidoptera) feed on cycads with apparent immunity. These insects belong to distinct lineages with varying degrees of specialisation and diverse feeding ecologies, presenting numerous opportunities for comparative studies of chemically mediated eco-evolutionary dynamics. This review presents the first evolutionary evaluation of cycad-feeding among Lepidoptera along with a comprehensive review of their ecology. Our analysis suggests that multiple lineages have independently colonised cycads from angiosperm hosts, yet only a few clades appear to have radiated following their transitions to cycads. Defensive traits are likely important for diversification, as many cycad specialists are warningly coloured and sequester cycad toxins. The butterfly family Lycaenidae appears to be particularly predisposed to cycad-feeding and several cycadivorous lycaenids are warningly coloured and chemically defended. Cycad-herbivore interactions provide a promising but underutilised study system for investigating plant-insect coevolution, convergent and divergent adaptations, and the multi-trophic significance of defensive traits; therefore the review ends by suggesting specific research gaps that would be fruitfully addressed in Lepidoptera and other cycad-feeding insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa R L Whitaker
- Entomological Collection, Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zürich, Weinbergstrasse 56/58, Zürich, 8092, Switzerland.,Museum of Comparative Zoology, Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, 26 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Shayla Salzman
- Museum of Comparative Zoology, Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, 26 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.,School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, 502 Mann Library, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
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Wölfling M, Uhl B, Fiedler K. Ecological Drift and Directional Community Change in an Isolated Mediterranean Forest Reserve-Larger Moth Species Under Higher Threat. JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE (ONLINE) 2020; 20:5908288. [PMID: 32948873 PMCID: PMC7500980 DOI: 10.1093/jisesa/ieaa097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Long-term data are important to understand the changes in ecological communities over time but are quite rare for insects. We analyzed such changes using historic museum collections. For our study area, an isolated forest reserve in North-East Italy, data from the past 80 yr were available. We used records of 300 moth species to analyze whether extinction risk was linked to their body size or to their degree of ecological specialization. Specialization was scored 1) by classifying larval food affiliations, habitat preferences, and the northern distributional limit and 2) by analyzing functional dispersion (FDis) within species assemblages over time. Our results show that locally extinct species (mean wingspan: 37.0 mm) were larger than persistent (33.2 mm) or previously unrecorded ones (30.7 mm), leading to a smaller mean wingspan of the moth community over time. Some ecological filters appear to have selected against bigger species. By using coarse specialization categories, we did not observe any relationship with local extinction risk. However, FDis, calculated across 12 species traits, significantly decreased over time. We conclude that simple classification systems might fail in reflecting changes in community-wide specialization. Multivariate approaches such as FDis may provide deeper insight, as they reflect a variety of ecological niche dimensions. With the abandonment of extensive land use practices, natural succession seems to have shifted the moth community toward a preponderance of forest-affiliated species, leading to decreased FDis values. Multivariate analyses of species composition also confirmed that the moth community has significantly changed during the last 80 yr.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirko Wölfling
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, Rennweg, Vienna, Austria
| | - Britta Uhl
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, Rennweg, Vienna, Austria
| | - Konrad Fiedler
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, Rennweg, Vienna, Austria
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Xu X, Yang J, Harvey-Samuel T, Huang Y, Asad M, Chen W, He W, Yang G, Alphey L, You M. Identification and characterization of the vasa gene in the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 122:103371. [PMID: 32283279 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2020.103371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Vasa is an ATP-dependent RNA helicase, participating in multiple biological processes. It has been widely used as a germ cell marker and its promoter has become a key component of several genetic pest control systems. Here we present the vasa gene structure and its promoter activity in Plutella xylostella, one of the most destructive pests of cruciferous crops. Full length Pxvasa cDNA sequences were obtained, revealing 14 exons and at least 30 alternatively spliced transcripts. Inferred amino acid sequences showed nine conserved DEAD-box family protein motifs with partial exclusion from some isoforms. Real-time quantitative PCR indicated the up-regulation of Pxvasa in both female and male adults compared with other developmental stages, and the expression levels of Pxvasa were found to be much higher in adult gonads, especially ovaries, than in other tissues. The putative promoter region of Pxvasa was sequenced and several ecdysone-induced transcription factor (TF) binding sites were predicted in silico. To further analyze the promoter region, two upstream regulatory fragments of different lengths were tested as putative promoters in transient cell and embryo expression assays, one of which was subsequently utilized to drive Cas9 expression in vivo. A transgenic line was recovered and the expression patterns of Cas9 and native Pxvasa were profiled in adult tissues and eggs with RT-PCR. This work provides the foundation for further studies on the gene functions of Pxvasa as well as the potential application of its promoter in genetic manipulation of P. xylostella.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejiao Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Ecological Pest Control of Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Institute of Applied Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management for Fujian-Taiwan Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Jie Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Ecological Pest Control of Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Institute of Applied Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management for Fujian-Taiwan Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Tim Harvey-Samuel
- Arthropod Genetics Group, The Pirbright Institute, Woking, GU24 0NF, UK
| | - Yuping Huang
- Department of Physiology & Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| | - Muhammad Asad
- State Key Laboratory for Ecological Pest Control of Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Institute of Applied Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management for Fujian-Taiwan Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Ecological Pest Control of Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Institute of Applied Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management for Fujian-Taiwan Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Weiyi He
- State Key Laboratory for Ecological Pest Control of Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Institute of Applied Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management for Fujian-Taiwan Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Guang Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Ecological Pest Control of Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Institute of Applied Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management for Fujian-Taiwan Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Luke Alphey
- Arthropod Genetics Group, The Pirbright Institute, Woking, GU24 0NF, UK
| | - Minsheng You
- State Key Laboratory for Ecological Pest Control of Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Institute of Applied Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management for Fujian-Taiwan Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
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Chatterjee P, Mohan U, Krishnan A, Sane SP. Evolutionary constraints on flicker fusion frequency in Lepidoptera. J Comp Physiol A Neuroethol Sens Neural Behav Physiol 2020; 206:671-681. [PMID: 32529485 DOI: 10.1007/s00359-020-01429-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Flying insects occupy both diurnal and nocturnal niches, and their visual systems encounter distinct challenges in both conditions. Visual adaptations, such as superposition eyes of moths, enhance sensitivity to low light levels but trade off with spatial and temporal resolution. Conversely, apposition eyes of butterflies enable high spatial resolution but are poorly sensitive in dim light. Although diel activity patterns of insects influence visual processing, their role in evolution of visual systems is relatively unexplored. Lepidopteran insects present an excellent system to study how diel activity patterns and phylogenetic position influence the visual transduction system. We addressed this question by comparing electroretinography measurements of temporal response profiles of diverse Lepidoptera to light stimuli that were flickering at different frequencies. Our data show that the eyes of diurnal butterflies are sensitive to visual stimuli of higher temporal frequencies than nocturnal moths. Hesperiid skippers, which are typically diurnal or crepuscular, exhibit intermediate phenotypes with peak sensitivity across broader frequency range. Across all groups, species within families exhibited similar phenotypes irrespective of diel activity. Thus, Lepidopteran photoreceptors may have diversified under phylogenetic constraints, and shifts in their sensitivity to higher temporal frequencies occurred concomitantly with the evolution of diurnal lifestyles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Payel Chatterjee
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bangalore, 560065, India
| | - Umesh Mohan
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bangalore, 560065, India
| | - Anand Krishnan
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pashan Road, Pune, 411008, India.
| | - Sanjay P Sane
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bangalore, 560065, India.
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Kim JS, Kim MJ, Kim SS, Kim I. Complete mitochondrial genome of Amorophaga japonica Robinson, 1986 (Lepidoptera: Tineidae). MITOCHONDRIAL DNA PART B-RESOURCES 2020; 5:2342-2344. [PMID: 33457784 PMCID: PMC7782908 DOI: 10.1080/23802359.2020.1774437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of Amorophaga japonica Robinson, 1986 (Lepidoptera: Tineidae), comprises 15,027 base pairs (bp) and contains a typical set of genes (13 protein-coding genes [PCGs], 2 rRNA genes, and 22 tRNA genes), and 1 non-coding region. The genome has an arrangement, trnW-trnY-trnC, instead of typical trnW- trnC-trnY at the ND2 and COI junction. This arrangement is unique in lepidopteran mitogenomes. Unlike most lepidopteran insects, which have CGA as the start codon for the COI gene sequence, A. japonica COI had a typical ATT codon. The A + T-rich region was unusually short, with only 199 bp. Phylogenetic analyses with concatenated sequences of the 13 PCGs and two rRNA genes using the Bayesian inference method placed A. japonica in Tineidae as a sister to the cofamilial species, Tineola bisselliella, with high nodal support (Bayesian posterior probability [BPP] = 0.99), presenting the superfamily Tineoidea in a monophyletic group with a BPP of 0.99. Gracillarioidea, represented by three species of Gracillariidae, formed a monophyletic group with the highest BPP, but the Leucoptera malifoliella in Yponomeutoidea was unusually grouped together with the Gracillarioidea with the highest nodal support. As more mitogenome sequences are available, further analysis to infer the relationships among superfamilies of Lepidoptera might be possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Seok Kim
- Department of Applied Biology, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Jee Kim
- Department of Applied Biology, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.,Herbal Medicine Resources Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Naju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Soo Kim
- Research Institute for East Asian Environment and Biology, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Iksoo Kim
- Department of Applied Biology, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
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A multilocus analysis of Epicopeiidae (Lepidoptera, Geometroidea) provides new insights into their relationships and the evolutionary history of mimicry. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2020; 149:106847. [PMID: 32380285 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2020.106847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The family Epicopeiidae is a small group of day-flying moths, known for mimicking many different groups of butterflies and moths. So far, there still lacks a reliable phylogenetic framework of Epicopeiidae that is necessary to our understanding of the evolutionary process of their mimicry. In this study, we sequenced 94 nuclear protein-coding markers for 56 epicopeiid samples and 11 outgroups, covering all ten genera of Epicopeiidae. We used homemade PCR-generated baits to capture target sequences, which allowed us to utilize old and dried specimens that were difficult to handle by conventional PCR + Sanger sequencing. Maximum likelihood and Bayesian analyses of the newly obtained dataset (86,388 bp) at both DNA and protein levels produced identical phylogenies with strong support. The non-mimicry genus Deuveia is the sister group of other epicopeiid genera. Epicopeia and Nossa are not monophyletic, and these two genera nest together to form a clade. We also estimated divergence times of Epicopeiidae and found that their initial diversification happened in Eocene about 41 million years ago. The ancestral state reconstruction of mimicry type for this family suggested that thelast common ancestor of epicopeiid moths is non-mimetic, and the Riodinidae-mimicry type evolved first. In summary, our work provides a comprehensive and robust time-calibrated phylogeny of Epicopeiidae that provides a sound framework for revising their classification and interpreting character evolution.
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Beutel RG, Richter A, Keller RA, Hita Garcia F, Matsumura Y, Economo EP, Gorb SN. Distal leg structures of the Aculeata (Hymenoptera): A comparative evolutionary study of Sceliphron (Sphecidae) and Formica (Formicidae). J Morphol 2020; 281:737-753. [PMID: 32364646 DOI: 10.1002/jmor.21133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The distal parts of the legs of Sceliphron caementarium (Sphecidae) and Formica rufa (Formicidae) are documented and discussed with respect to phylogenetic and functional aspects. The prolegs of Hymenoptera offer an array of evolutionary novelties, mainly linked with two functional syndromes, walking efficiently on different substrates and cleaning the body surface. The protibial-probasitarsomeral cleaning device is almost always well-developed. A complex evolutionary innovation is a triple set of tarsal and pretarsal attachment devices, including tarsal plantulae, probasitarsomeral spatulate setae, and an arolium with an internal spring-like arcus, a dorsal manubrium, and a ventral planta. The probasitarsal adhesive sole and a complex arolium are almost always preserved, whereas the plantulae are often missing. Sceliphron has retained most hymenopteran ground plan features of the legs, and also Formica, even though the adhesive apparatus of Formicidae shows some modifications, likely linked to ground-oriented habits of most ants. Plantulae are always absent in extant ants, and the arolium is often reduced in size, and sometimes vestigial. The arolium contains resilin in both examined species. Additionally, resilin enriched regions are also present in the antenna cleaners of both species, although they differ in which of the involved structures is more flexible, the calcar in Sceliphron and the basitarsal comb in Formica. Functionally, the hymenopteran distal leg combines (a) interlocking mechanisms (claws, spine-like setae) and (b) adhesion mechanisms (plantulae, arolium). On rough substrate, claws and spine-like setae interlock with asperities and secure a firm grip, whereas the unfolding arolium generates adhesive contact on smooth surfaces. Differences of the folded arolium of Sceliphron and Formica probably correlate with differences in the mechanism of folding/unfolding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rolf Georg Beutel
- Institut für Zoologie und Evolutionsforschung, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität, Jena, Germany
| | - Adrian Richter
- Institut für Zoologie und Evolutionsforschung, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität, Jena, Germany
| | - Roberto A Keller
- Museu Nacional de Historia Natural e da Ciência and Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Francisco Hita Garcia
- Biodiversity and Biocomplexity Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Yoko Matsumura
- Department of Functional Morphology and Biomechanics, Zoological Institute, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Evan P Economo
- Biodiversity and Biocomplexity Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Stanislav N Gorb
- Department of Functional Morphology and Biomechanics, Zoological Institute, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
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41
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Miller SW, Posakony JW. Disparate expression specificities coded by a shared Hox-C enhancer. eLife 2020; 9:39876. [PMID: 32342858 PMCID: PMC7188484 DOI: 10.7554/elife.39876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Can a single regulatory sequence be shared by two genes undergoing functional divergence? Here we describe a single promiscuous enhancer within the Drosophila Antennapedia Complex, EO053, that directs aspects of the expression of two adjacent genes, pb (a Hox2 ortholog) and zen2 (a divergent Hox3 paralog), with disparate spatial and temporal expression patterns. We were unable to separate the pb-like and zen2-like specificities within EO053, and we identify sequences affecting both expression patterns. Importantly, genomic deletion experiments demonstrate that EO053 cooperates with additional pb- and zen2-specific enhancers to regulate the mRNA expression of both genes. We examine sequence conservation of EO053 within the Schizophora, and show that patterns of synteny between the Hox2 and Hox3 orthologs in Arthropods are consistent with a shared regulatory relationship extending prior to the Hox3/zen divergence. Thus, EO053 represents an example of two genes having evolved disparate outputs while utilizing this shared regulatory region. Editorial note: This article has been through an editorial process in which the authors decide how to respond to the issues raised during peer review. The Reviewing Editor's assessment is that all the issues have been addressed (see decision letter).
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Affiliation(s)
- Steve W Miller
- Division of Biological Sciences, Section of Cell & Developmental Biology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, United States
| | - James W Posakony
- Division of Biological Sciences, Section of Cell & Developmental Biology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, United States
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42
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Triana MF, França PHB, Queiroz AFO, Santos JM, Goulart HF, Santana AEG. Morphological, chemical and electrophysiological investigations of Telchin licus (Lepidoptera: Castniidae). PLoS One 2020; 15:e0231689. [PMID: 32298345 PMCID: PMC7162514 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0231689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The giant sugarcane borer Telchin licus (Drury, 1773) (Lepidoptera: Castniidae) is a day-flying moth pest of sugarcane, pineapples and bananas. To better understand the chemical communication in this species, we examined the morphology of its olfactory system and the chemical composition of its body parts. The ventral surface of the clubbed antennae of T. licus has six morphological types of sensilla: sensilla trichodea, basiconica, chaetica, squamiforma, coeloconica, and auricillica. The telescopic ovipositor shows no evidence of a sexual gland, or female-specific compounds. On the other hand, the midleg basitarsus of males releases (E,Z)-2,13-octadecadienol and (Z,E)-2,13-octadecadienol, which are electroantennographically active in both sexes. These compounds are known female sex pheromones in the Sesiidae family and are male-specific compounds in another castniid moth, although further investigations are necessary to elucidate their ecological role in the Castniidae family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merybeth F. Triana
- Chemistry and Biotechnology Institute, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Paulo H. B. França
- Chemistry and Biotechnology Institute, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
- Agricultural Science Center, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Abel F. O. Queiroz
- Chemistry and Biotechnology Institute, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Jakeline M. Santos
- Chemistry and Biotechnology Institute, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Henrique F. Goulart
- Agricultural Science Center, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
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43
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Hao M, Jin Q, Meng G, Yang C, Yang S, Shi Z, Tang M, Liu S, Li Y, Zhang D, Su X, Shih C, Sun Y, Zhou X, Zhang AB. Regional assemblages shaped by historical and contemporary factors: Evidence from a species-rich insect group. Mol Ecol 2020; 29:2492-2510. [PMID: 32163643 DOI: 10.1111/mec.15412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Understanding diversity patterns requires accounting for the roles of both historical and contemporary factors in the assembly of communities. Here, we compared diversity patterns of two moth assemblages sampled from Taihang and Yanshan mountains in Northern China and performed ancestral range reconstructions using the Multi-State Speciation and Extinction model, to track the origins of these patterns. Further, we estimated diversification rates of the two moth assemblages and explored the effects of contemporary ecological factors. From 7,788 specimens we identified 835 species belonging to 23 families, using both DNA barcode analysis and morphology. Moths in Yanshan mountains showed higher species diversity than in Taihang mountains. Ancestral range analysis indicated Yanshan as the origin, with significant historical dispersals from Yanshan to Taihang. Asymmetrical diversification, population expansion, along with frequent and considerable gene flow were detected between communities. Moreover, dispersal limitation or the joint effect of environment filtering and dispersal limitation were inferred as main driving forces shaping current diversity patterns. In summary, we demonstrate that a multiscale (community, population and species level) analysis incorporating both historical and contemporary factors can be useful in delineating factors contributing to community assembly and patterning in diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengdi Hao
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Jin
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China.,Suqian Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Suqian, China
| | - Guanliang Meng
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.,China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Caiqing Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Shenzhou Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiyong Shi
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Min Tang
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Shanlin Liu
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yinan Li
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Xu Su
- Guizhou Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guizhou, China
| | - Chungkun Shih
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China.,Department of Paleobiology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Yiran Sun
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Ai-Bing Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
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44
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Roh SJ, Kim IK, Byun BK. Complete mitochondrial genome of Eudarcia gwangneungensis (Lepidoptera: Meessiidae). Mitochondrial DNA B Resour 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/23802359.2020.1749159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Seung Jin Roh
- Department of Agricultural Biology, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Wanju, Republic of Korea
| | - Il-Kwon Kim
- DMZ Botanic Garden, Korea National Arboretum, Yanggu, Republic of Korea
| | - Bong-Kyu Byun
- Department of Biological Science and Biotechnology, Hannam University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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45
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Wang Q, Li H. Phylogeny of the superfamily Gelechioidea (Lepidoptera: Obtectomera), with an exploratory application on geometric morphometrics. ZOOL SCR 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/zsc.12407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qing‐Yun Wang
- College of Life Sciences Nankai University Tianjin China
| | - Hou‐Hun Li
- College of Life Sciences Nankai University Tianjin China
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46
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Schachat SR. Symmetry systems on the wings of Dichromodes Guenée (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) are unconstrained by venation. PeerJ 2020; 8:e8263. [PMID: 31915575 PMCID: PMC6942684 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.8263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The nymphalid groundplan, an idealized schematic illustrating the essential elements of butterfly wing patterns, predicts a consistent relationship between color pattern and wing venation. Moths in the family Geometridae have wing shapes and patterns that often resemble those of butterflies, and until recently, this family was believed to be among butterflies’ closest relatives. However, an examination of the geometrid genus Dichromodes Guenée, 1858 shows no consistent relationship between the central symmetry system and wing venation. Whereas the distal edge of the central symmetry system is predicted to reach the costal margin proximal to the Subcostal vein in butterflies and acronictine moths, it has no consistent relationship with the Subcostal, Radius, or Radial Sector 1 veins in Dichromodes. This finding highlights developmental diversity that was previously overlooked due to the overwhelming preference for butterflies in studies of lepidopteran wing patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra R Schachat
- Department of Geological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States of America
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47
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Hejníčková M, Koutecký P, Potocký P, Provazníková I, Voleníková A, Dalíková M, Visser S, Marec F, Zrzavá M. Absence of W Chromosome in Psychidae Moths and Implications for the Theory of Sex Chromosome Evolution in Lepidoptera. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:E1016. [PMID: 31817557 PMCID: PMC6947638 DOI: 10.3390/genes10121016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Moths and butterflies (Lepidoptera) are the largest group with heterogametic females. Although the ancestral sex chromosome system is probably Z0/ZZ, most lepidopteran species have the W chromosome. When and how the W chromosome arose remains elusive. Existing hypotheses place the W origin either at the common ancestor of Ditrysia and Tischeriidae, or prefer independent origins of W chromosomes in these two groups. Due to their phylogenetic position at the base of Ditrysia, bagworms (Psychidae) play an important role in investigating the W chromosome origin. Therefore, we examined the W chromosome status in three Psychidae species, namely Proutiabetulina, Taleporiatubulosa, and Diplodomalaichartingella, using both classical and molecular cytogenetic methods such as sex chromatin assay, comparative genomic hybridization (CGH), and male vs. female genome size comparison by flow cytometry. In females of all three species, no sex chromatin was found, no female-specific chromosome regions were revealed by CGH, and a Z-chromosome univalent was observed in pachytene oocytes. In addition, the genome size of females was significantly smaller than males. Overall, our study provides strong evidence for the absence of the W chromosome in Psychidae, thus supporting the hypothesis of two independent W chromosome origins in Tischeriidae and in advanced Ditrysia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Hejníčková
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, 37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, 37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Koutecký
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, 37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Potocký
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, 37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Irena Provazníková
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, 37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, 37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Anna Voleníková
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, 37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, 37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Dalíková
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, 37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, 37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Sander Visser
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, 37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, 37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - František Marec
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, 37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Magda Zrzavá
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, 37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, 37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
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48
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Abstract
Lepidoptera play key roles in many biological systems. Butterflies are hypothesized to have evolved contemporaneously with flowering plants, and moths are thought to have gained anti-bat defenses in response to echolocating predatory bats, but these hypotheses have largely gone untested. Using a transcriptomic, dated evolutionary tree of Lepidoptera, we demonstrate that the most recent common ancestor of Lepidoptera is considerably older than previously hypothesized. The oldest moths in crown Lepidoptera were present in the Carboniferous, some 300 million years ago, and began to diversify largely in synchrony with angiosperms. We show that multiple lineages of moths independently evolved hearing organs well before the origin of bats, rejecting the hypothesis that lepidopteran hearing organs arose in response to these predators. Butterflies and moths (Lepidoptera) are one of the major superradiations of insects, comprising nearly 160,000 described extant species. As herbivores, pollinators, and prey, Lepidoptera play a fundamental role in almost every terrestrial ecosystem. Lepidoptera are also indicators of environmental change and serve as models for research on mimicry and genetics. They have been central to the development of coevolutionary hypotheses, such as butterflies with flowering plants and moths’ evolutionary arms race with echolocating bats. However, these hypotheses have not been rigorously tested, because a robust lepidopteran phylogeny and timing of evolutionary novelties are lacking. To address these issues, we inferred a comprehensive phylogeny of Lepidoptera, using the largest dataset assembled for the order (2,098 orthologous protein-coding genes from transcriptomes of 186 species, representing nearly all superfamilies), and dated it with carefully evaluated synapomorphy-based fossils. The oldest members of the Lepidoptera crown group appeared in the Late Carboniferous (∼300 Ma) and fed on nonvascular land plants. Lepidoptera evolved the tube-like proboscis in the Middle Triassic (∼241 Ma), which allowed them to acquire nectar from flowering plants. This morphological innovation, along with other traits, likely promoted the extraordinary diversification of superfamily-level lepidopteran crown groups. The ancestor of butterflies was likely nocturnal, and our results indicate that butterflies became day-flying in the Late Cretaceous (∼98 Ma). Moth hearing organs arose multiple times before the evolutionary arms race between moths and bats, perhaps initially detecting a wide range of sound frequencies before being co-opted to specifically detect bat sonar. Our study provides an essential framework for future comparative studies on butterfly and moth evolution.
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49
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Yang M, Hu B, Zhou L, Liu X, Shi Y, Song L, Wei Y, Cao J. First mitochondrial genome from Yponomeutidae (Lepidoptera, Yponomeutoidea) and the phylogenetic analysis for Lepidoptera. Zookeys 2019; 879:137-156. [PMID: 31636502 PMCID: PMC6795624 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.879.35101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of Yponomeuta montanatus is sequenced and compared with other published yponomeutoid mitogenomes. The mitogenome is circular, 15,349 bp long, and includes the typical metazoan mitochondrial genes (13 protein-coding genes, two ribosomal RNA genes, and 22 transfer RNA genes) and an A + T-rich region. All 13 protein-coding genes use a typical start codon ATN, the one exception being cox1, which uses CGA across yponomeutoid mitogenomes. Comparative analyses further show that the secondary structures of tRNAs are conserved, including loss of the Dihydorouidine (DHU) arm in trnS1 (AGN), but remarkable nucleotide variation has occurred mainly in the DHU arms and pseudouridine (TψC) loops. A + T-rich regions exhibit substantial length variation among yponomeutoid mitogenomes, and conserved sequence blocks are recognized but some of them are not present in all species. Multiple phylogenetic analyses confirm the position of Y. montanatus in Yponomeutoidea. However, the superfamily-level relationships in the Macroheterocera clade in Lepidoptera recovered herein show considerable difference with that recovered in previous mitogenomic studies, raising the necessity of extensive phylogenetic investigation when more mitogenomes become available for this clade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingsheng Yang
- College of Life Science and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, Henan, 466000, ChinaZhoukou Normal UniversityZhoukouChina
| | - Bingyi Hu
- College of Life Science and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, Henan, 466000, ChinaZhoukou Normal UniversityZhoukouChina
| | - Lin Zhou
- College of Life Science and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, Henan, 466000, ChinaZhoukou Normal UniversityZhoukouChina
| | - Xiaomeng Liu
- College of Life Science and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, Henan, 466000, ChinaZhoukou Normal UniversityZhoukouChina
| | - Yuxia Shi
- College of Life Science and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, Henan, 466000, ChinaZhoukou Normal UniversityZhoukouChina
| | - Lu Song
- College of Life Science and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, Henan, 466000, ChinaZhoukou Normal UniversityZhoukouChina
| | - Yunshan Wei
- Chifeng Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Scientific Research Institute, Chifeng, Neimenggu, 024031, ChinaChifeng Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Scientific Research InstituteChifengChina
| | - Jinfeng Cao
- Cangzhou Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Cangzhou, Hebei, 061001, ChinaCangzhou Academy of Agriculture and Forestry SciencesCangzhouChina
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50
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Hamilton CA, St Laurent RA, Dexter K, Kitching IJ, Breinholt JW, Zwick A, Timmermans MJTN, Barber JR, Kawahara AY. Phylogenomics resolves major relationships and reveals significant diversification rate shifts in the evolution of silk moths and relatives. BMC Evol Biol 2019; 19:182. [PMID: 31533606 PMCID: PMC6751749 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-019-1505-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 03/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Silkmoths and their relatives constitute the ecologically and taxonomically diverse superfamily Bombycoidea, which includes some of the most charismatic species of Lepidoptera. Despite displaying spectacular forms and diverse ecological traits, relatively little attention has been given to understanding their evolution and drivers of their diversity. To begin to address this problem, we created a new Bombycoidea-specific Anchored Hybrid Enrichment (AHE) probe set and sampled up to 571 loci for 117 taxa across all major lineages of the Bombycoidea, with a newly developed DNA extraction protocol that allows Lepidoptera specimens to be readily sequenced from pinned natural history collections. RESULTS The well-supported tree was overall consistent with prior morphological and molecular studies, although some taxa were misplaced. The bombycid Arotros Schaus was formally transferred to Apatelodidae. We identified important evolutionary patterns (e.g., morphology, biogeography, and differences in speciation and extinction), and our analysis of diversification rates highlights the stark increases that exist within the Sphingidae (hawkmoths) and Saturniidae (wild silkmoths). CONCLUSIONS Our study establishes a backbone for future evolutionary, comparative, and taxonomic studies of Bombycoidea. We postulate that the rate shifts identified are due to the well-documented bat-moth "arms race". Our research highlights the flexibility of AHE to generate genomic data from a wide range of museum specimens, both age and preservation method, and will allow researchers to tap into the wealth of biological data residing in natural history collections around the globe.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Hamilton
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.
- Department of Entomology, Plant Pathology & Nematology, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, 83844, USA.
| | - R A St Laurent
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - K Dexter
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - I J Kitching
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London, SW7 5BD, UK
| | - J W Breinholt
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
- RAPiD Genomics, 747 SW 2nd Avenue #314, Gainesville, FL, 32601, USA
| | - A Zwick
- Australian National Insect Collection, CSIRO, Clunies Ross St, Acton, ACT, Canberra, 2601, Australia
| | - M J T N Timmermans
- Department of Natural Sciences, Middlesex University, The Burroughs, London, NW4 4BT, UK
| | - J R Barber
- Department of Biological Sciences, Boise State University, Boise, ID, 83725, USA
| | - A Y Kawahara
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.
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