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Covino DA, Farina I, Catapano L, Sozzi S, Spadaro F, Cecchetti S, Purificato C, Gauzzi MC, Fantuzzi L. Induction of the antiviral factors APOBEC3A and RSAD2 upon CCL2 neutralization in primary human macrophages involves NF-κB, JAK/STAT, and gp130 signaling. J Leukoc Biol 2024; 116:876-889. [PMID: 38798090 DOI: 10.1093/jleuko/qiae123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
The CCL2/CC chemokine receptor 2 axis plays key roles in the pathogenesis of HIV-1 infection. We previously reported that exposure of monocyte-derived macrophages to CCL2 neutralizing antibody (αCCL2 Ab) restricted HIV-1 replication at postentry steps of the viral life cycle. This effect was associated with induction of transcripts coding for innate antiviral proteins, including APOBEC3A and RSAD2. This study aimed at identifying the signaling pathways involved in induction of these factors by CCL2 blocking in monocyte-derived macrophages. Through a combination of pharmacologic inhibition, quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, Western blotting, and confocal laser-scanning microscopy, we demonstrated that CCL2 neutralization activates the canonical NF-κB and JAK/STAT pathways, as assessed by time-dependent phosphorylation of IκB, STAT1, and STAT3 and p65 nuclear translocation. Furthermore, pharmacologic inhibition of IκB kinase and JAKs strongly reduced APOBEC3A and RSAD2 transcript accumulation elicited by αCCL2 Ab treatment. Interestingly, exposure of monocyte-derived macrophages to αCCL2 Ab resulted in induction of IL-6 family cytokines, and interference with glycoprotein 130, the common signal-transducing receptor subunit shared by these cytokines, inhibited APOBEC3A and RSAD2 upregulation triggered by CCL2 neutralization. These results provide novel insights into the signal transduction pathways underlying the activation of innate responses triggered by CCL2 neutralization in macrophages. Since this response was found to be associated with protective antiviral effects, the new findings may help design innovative therapeutic approaches targeting CCL2 to strengthen host innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Angela Covino
- National Center for Global Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Iole Farina
- National Center for Global Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Catapano
- National Center for Global Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Sozzi
- National Center for Global Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Spadaro
- Core Facilities, Microscopy Unit, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Serena Cecchetti
- Core Facilities, Microscopy Unit, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Cristina Purificato
- National Center for Global Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Gauzzi
- National Center for Global Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Fantuzzi
- National Center for Global Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
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Andres-Martin F, James C, Catalfamo M. IL-27 expression regulation and its effects on adaptive immunity against viruses. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1395921. [PMID: 38966644 PMCID: PMC11222398 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1395921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024] Open
Abstract
IL-27, a member of the IL-6/IL-12 cytokine superfamily, is primarily secreted by antigen presenting cells, specifically by dendric cells, macrophages and B cells. IL-27 has antiviral activities and modulates both innate and adaptive immune responses against viruses. The role of IL-27 in the setting of viral infections is not well defined and both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory functions have been described. Here, we discuss the latest advancements in the role of IL-27 in several viral infection models of human disease. We highlight important aspects of IL-27 expression regulation, the critical cell sources at different stages of the infection and their impact in cell mediated immunity. Lastly, we discuss the need to better define the antiviral and modulatory (pro-inflammatory vs anti-inflammatory) properties of IL-27 in the context of human chronic viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marta Catalfamo
- Department of Microbiology Immunology, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, United States
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Valdés-López JF, Hernández-Sarmiento LJ, Tamayo-Molina YS, Velilla-Hernández PA, Rodenhuis-Zybert IA, Urcuqui-Inchima S. Interleukin 27, like interferons, activates JAK-STAT signaling and promotes pro-inflammatory and antiviral states that interfere with dengue and chikungunya viruses replication in human macrophages. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1385473. [PMID: 38720890 PMCID: PMC11076713 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1385473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Interferons (IFNs) are a family of cytokines that activate the JAK-STAT signaling pathway to induce an antiviral state in cells. Interleukin 27 (IL-27) is a member of the IL-6 and/or IL-12 family that elicits both pro- and anti-inflammatory responses. Recent studies have reported that IL-27 also induces a robust antiviral response against diverse viruses, both in vitro and in vivo, suggesting that IFNs and IL-27 share many similarities at the functional level. However, it is still unknown how similar or different IFN- and IL-27-dependent signaling pathways are. To address this question, we conducted a comparative analysis of the transcriptomic profiles of human monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) exposed to IL-27 and those exposed to recombinant human IFN-α, IFN-γ, and IFN-λ. We utilized bioinformatics approaches to identify common differentially expressed genes between the different transcriptomes. To verify the accuracy of this approach, we used RT-qPCR, ELISA, flow cytometry, and microarrays data. We found that IFNs and IL-27 induce transcriptional changes in several genes, including those involved in JAK-STAT signaling, and induce shared pro-inflammatory and antiviral pathways in MDMs, leading to the common and unique expression of inflammatory factors and IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs)Importantly, the ability of IL-27 to induce those responses is independent of IFN induction and cellular lineage. Additionally, functional analysis demonstrated that like IFNs, IL-27-mediated response reduced chikungunya and dengue viruses replication in MDMs. In summary, IL-27 exhibits properties similar to those of all three types of human IFN, including the ability to stimulate a protective antiviral response. Given this similarity, we propose that IL-27 could be classified as a distinct type of IFN, possibly categorized as IFN-pi (IFN-π), the type V IFN (IFN-V).
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Felipe Valdés-López
- Grupo Inmunovirología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Medellín, Colombia
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | | | - Y. S. Tamayo-Molina
- Grupo Inmunovirología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Medellín, Colombia
| | | | - Izabela A. Rodenhuis-Zybert
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Silvio Urcuqui-Inchima
- Grupo Inmunovirología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Medellín, Colombia
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4
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Imamichi T, Chen Q, Sowrirajan B, Yang J, Laverdure S, Marquez M, Mele AR, Watkins C, Adelsberger JW, Higgins J, Sui H. Interleukin-27-induced HIV-resistant dendritic cells suppress reveres transcription following virus entry in an SPTBN1, autophagy, and YB-1 independent manner. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0287829. [PMID: 37910521 PMCID: PMC10619827 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0287829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-27, a member of the IL-12 family of cytokines, induces human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-resistant monocyte-derived macrophages and T cells. This resistance is mediated via the downregulation of spectrin beta, non-erythrocytic 1 (SPTBN1), induction of autophagy, or suppression of the acetylation of Y-box binding protein-1 (YB-1); however, the role of IL-27 administration during the induction of immature monocyte-derived dendritic cells (iDC) is poorly investigated. In the current study, we investigated the function of IL-27-induced iDC (27DC) on HIV infection. 27DC inhibited HIV infection by 95 ± 3% without significant changes in the expression of CD4, CCR5, and SPTBN1 expression, autophagy induction and acetylation of YB-1 compared to iDC. An HIV proviral DNA copy number assay displayed that 27DC suppressed reverse transcriptase (RT) reaction without influencing the virus entry. A DNA microarray analysis was performed to identify the differentially expressed genes between 27DC and iDC. Compared to iDC, 51 genes were differentially expressed in 27DC, with more than 3-fold changes in four independent donors. Cross-reference analysis with the reported 2,214 HIV regulatory host genes identified nine genes as potential interests: Ankyrin repeat domain 22, Guanylate binding protein (GBP)-1, -2, -4, -5, Stabilin 1, Serpin family G member 1 (SERPING1), Interferon alpha inducible protein 6, and Interferon-induced protein with tetratricopeptide repeats 3. A knock-down study using si-RNA failed to determine a key factor associated with the anti-HIV activity due to the induction of robust amounts of off-target effects. Overexpression of each protein in cells had no impact on HIV infection. Thus, we could not define the mechanism of the anti-HIV effect in 27DC. However, our findings indicated that IL-27 differentiates monocytes into HIV-resistant DC, and the inhibitory mechanism differs from IL-27-induced HIV-resistant macrophages and T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomozumi Imamichi
- Laboratory of Human Retrovirology and Immunoinformatics, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Qian Chen
- Laboratory of Human Retrovirology and Immunoinformatics, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Bharatwaj Sowrirajan
- Laboratory of Human Retrovirology and Immunoinformatics, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jun Yang
- Laboratory of Human Retrovirology and Immunoinformatics, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Sylvain Laverdure
- Laboratory of Human Retrovirology and Immunoinformatics, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Mayra Marquez
- Laboratory of Human Retrovirology and Immunoinformatics, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Anthony R. Mele
- Laboratory of Human Retrovirology and Immunoinformatics, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Catherine Watkins
- AIDS monitoring Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Joseph W. Adelsberger
- AIDS monitoring Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jeanette Higgins
- AIDS monitoring Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Hongyan Sui
- Laboratory of Human Retrovirology and Immunoinformatics, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
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5
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Imamichi T, Chen Q, Sowrirajan B, Yang J, Laverdure S, Mele AR, Watkins C, Adelsberger JW, Higgins J, Sui H. Interleukin-27-induced HIV-resistant dendritic cells suppress reveres transcription following virus entry in an SPTBN1, Autophagy, and YB-1 independent manner. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.06.12.544550. [PMID: 37546823 PMCID: PMC10402176 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.12.544550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-27, a member of the IL-12 family of cytokines, induces human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-resistant monocyte-derived macrophages and T cells. This resistance is mediated via the downregulation of spectrin beta, non-erythrocytic 1 (SPTBN1), induction of autophagy, or suppression of the acetylation of Y-box binding protein-1 (YB-1); however, the role of IL-27 administration during the induction of immature monocyte-derived dendritic cells (iDC) is poorly investigated. In the current study, we investigated the function of IL-27-induced iDC (27DC) on HIV infection. 27DC inhibited HIV infection by 95 ± 3 % without significant changes in the expression of CD4, CCR5, and SPTBN1 expression, autophagy induction and acetylation of YB-1 compared to iDC. An HIV proviral DNA copy number assay displayed that 27DC suppressed reverse transcriptase (RT) reaction without influencing the virus entry. A DNA microarray analysis was performed to identify the differentially expressed genes between 27DC and iDC. Compared to iDC, 51 genes were differentially expressed in 27DC, with more than 3-fold changes in four independent donors. Cross-reference analysis with the reported 2,214 HIV regulatory host genes identified nine genes as potential interests: Ankyrin repeat domain 22, Guanylate binding protein (GBP)-1, -2, -4, -5, Stabilin 1, Serpin family G member 1 (SERPING1), Interferon alpha inducible protein 6, and Interferon-induced protein with tetratricopeptide repeats 3. A knock-down study using si-RNA failed to determine a key factor associated with the anti-HIV activity due to the induction of robust amounts of off-target effects. Overexpression of each protein in cells had no impact on HIV infection. Thus, we could not define the mechanism of the anti-HIV effect in 27DC. However, our findings indicated that IL-27 differentiates monocytes into HIV-resistant DC, and the inhibitory mechanism differs from IL-27-induced HIV-resistant macrophages and T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomozumi Imamichi
- Laboratory of Human Retrovirology and Immunoinformatics, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, 21702
| | - Qian Chen
- Laboratory of Human Retrovirology and Immunoinformatics, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, 21702
| | - Bharatwaj Sowrirajan
- Laboratory of Human Retrovirology and Immunoinformatics, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, 21702
| | - Jun Yang
- Laboratory of Human Retrovirology and Immunoinformatics, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, 21702
| | - Sylvain Laverdure
- Laboratory of Human Retrovirology and Immunoinformatics, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, 21702
| | - Anthony R. Mele
- Laboratory of Human Retrovirology and Immunoinformatics, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, 21702
| | - Catherine Watkins
- AIDS monitoring Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland 21702, USA
| | - Joseph W. Adelsberger
- AIDS monitoring Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland 21702, USA
| | - Jeanette Higgins
- AIDS monitoring Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland 21702, USA
| | - Hongyan Sui
- Laboratory of Human Retrovirology and Immunoinformatics, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, 21702
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6
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A Rahman NA, Balasubramaniam VRMT, Yap WB. Potential of Interleukin (IL)-12 Group as Antivirals: Severe Viral Disease Prevention and Management. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087350. [PMID: 37108513 PMCID: PMC10138811 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The interleukin (IL)-12 family consists of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines that are able to signal the activation of host antiviral immunity while preventing over-reactive immune reactions due to active virus replication and viral clearance. Amongst others, IL-12 and IL-23 are produced and released by innate immune cells such as monocytes and macrophages to signal the proliferation of T cells and release of effector cytokines, which subsequently activate host defence against virus infections. Interestingly, the dualities of IL-27 and -35 are evidently shown in the course of virus infections; they regulate the synthesis of cytokines and antiviral molecules, proliferation of T cells, and viral antigen presentation in order to maximize virus clearance by the host immune system. In terms of anti-inflammatory reactions, IL-27 signals the formation of regulatory T cells (Treg) which in turn secrete IL-35 to control the scale of inflammatory response that takes place during virus infections. Given the multitasking of the IL-12 family in regards to the elimination of virus infections, its potential in antiviral therapy is unequivocally important. Thus, this work aims to delve deeper into the antiviral actions of the IL-12 family and their applications in antiviral therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Azizah A Rahman
- Center for Toxicology and Health Risk Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia
| | - Vinod R M T Balasubramaniam
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine & Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway 46150, Malaysia
| | - Wei Boon Yap
- Center for Toxicology and Health Risk Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia
- Biomedical Science Program, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia
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Interleukin-27 Promotes Divergent Effects on HIV-1 Infection in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells through BST-2/Tetherin. J Virol 2023; 97:e0175222. [PMID: 36602368 PMCID: PMC9888194 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01752-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-27 (IL-27) is able to inhibit HIV-1 replication in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), macrophages, and dendritic cells. Here, we identify that IL-27 can produce opposing effects on HIV-1 replication in PBMCs and that the HIV-1 restriction factor BST-2/Tetherin is involved in both inhibitory and enhancing effects on HIV-1 infection induced by IL-27. IL-27 inhibited HIV-1 replication when added to cells 2 h after infection, promoting the prototypical BST-2/Tetherin-induced virion accumulation at the cell membrane of HIV-1-infected PBMCs. BST-2/Tetherin gene expression was significantly upregulated in the IL-27-treated PBMCs, with a simultaneous increase in the number of BST-2/Tetherin+ cells. The silencing of BST-2/Tetherin diminished the anti-HIV-1 effect of IL-27. In contrast, IL-27 increased HIV-1 production when added to infected cells 4 days after infection. This enhancing effect was prevented by BST-2/Tetherin gene knockdown, which also permitted IL-27 to function again as an HIV-1 inhibitory factor. These contrasting roles of IL-27 were associated with the dynamic of viral production, since the IL-27-mediated enhancement of virus replication was prevented by antiretroviral treatment of infected cells, as well as by keeping cells under agitation to avoid cell-to-cell contact. Likewise, inhibition of CD11a, an integrin associated with HIV-1 cell-to-cell transmission, abrogated the IL-27 enhancement of HIV-1 production. Our findings illustrate the complexity of the HIV-1-host interactions and may impact the potential therapeutic use of IL-27 and other soluble mediators that induce BST-2/Tetherin expression for HIV-1 infection. IMPORTANCE Here, we describe new findings related to the ability of the cytokine IL-27 to regulate the growth of HIV-1 in CD4+ T lymphocytes. IL-27 has long been considered a potent inhibitor of HIV-1 replication, a notion based on several reports showing that this cytokine controls HIV-1 infection in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), monocyte-derived macrophages, and dendritic cells. However, our present results are contrary to the current knowledge that IL-27 acts only as a powerful downregulator of HIV-1 replication. We observed that IL-27 can either prevent or enhance viral growth in PBMCs, an outcome dependent on when this cytokine is added to the infected cells. We detected that the increase of HIV-1 dissemination is due to enhanced cell-to-cell transmission with the involvement of the interferon-induced HIV-1 restriction factor BST-2/Tetherin and CD11a (LFA-1), an integrin that participates in formation of virological synapse.
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Amsden H, Kourko O, Roth M, Gee K. Antiviral Activities of Interleukin-27: A Partner for Interferons? Front Immunol 2022; 13:902853. [PMID: 35634328 PMCID: PMC9134790 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.902853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Emergence of new, pandemic-level viral threats has brought to the forefront the importance of viral immunology and continued improvement of antiviral therapies. Interleukin-27 (IL-27) is a pleiotropic cytokine that regulates both innate and adaptive immune responses. Accumulating evidence has revealed potent antiviral activities of IL-27 against numerous viruses, including HIV, influenza, HBV and more. IL-27 contributes to the immune response against viruses indirectly by increasing production of interferons (IFNs) which have various antiviral effects. Additionally, IL-27 can directly interfere with viral infection both by acting similarly to an IFN itself and by modulating the differentiation and function of various immune cells. This review discusses the IFN-dependent and IFN-independent antiviral mechanisms of IL-27 and highlights the potential of IL-27 as a therapeutic cytokine for viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Katrina Gee
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON, Canada
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9
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Li T, Hadigan C, Whitlock JM, Qin J, Kumar J, Kumar P, Catalfamo M. IL-27 Modulates the Cytokine Secretion in the T Cell-Osteoclast Crosstalk During HIV Infection. Front Immunol 2022; 13:818677. [PMID: 35479090 PMCID: PMC9037094 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.818677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In People with HIV (PWH), chronic immune activation and systemic inflammation are associated with increased risk to develop comorbidities including bone loss. Numerous cells of the immune system, namely, T cells are involved in the regulation of the bone homeostasis and osteoclasts (OCs) activity. IL-27, a cytokine that belongs to the IL-12 family can regulate the secretion of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines by T cells, however its role in the setting of HIV is largely unknown. In the present study, we determined the impact of OCs in T cell secretion of cytokines and whether IL-27 can regulate this function. We found that the presence of OCs in the T cell cultures significantly enhanced secretion of IFNγ, TNFα, IL-17, RANKL, and IL-10 in both PWH and healthy controls. In PWH, IL-27 inhibited IL-17 secretion and downregulated surface expression of RANKL in CD4 T cells. All together these results suggest that in the context of HIV infection IL-27 may favor IFNγ and TNFα secretion at the sites of bone remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Li
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Colleen Hadigan
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Jarred M. Whitlock
- Section on Membrane Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Jing Qin
- Biostatistics Research Branch, Division of Clinical Research (DCR), National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Jai Kumar
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Travel Medicine, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Princy Kumar
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Travel Medicine, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Marta Catalfamo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, United States
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10
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Cheng J, Myers TG, Levinger C, Kumar P, Kumar J, Goshu BA, Bosque A, Catalfamo M. IL-27 induces IFN/STAT1-dependent genes and enhances function of TIGIT + HIVGag-specific T cells. iScience 2022; 25:103588. [PMID: 35005538 PMCID: PMC8717455 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
HIV-specific T cells have diminished effector function and fail to control/eliminate the virus. IL-27, a member of the IL-6/IL-12 cytokine superfamily has been shown to inhibit HIV replication. However, whether or not IL-27 can enhance HIV-specific T cell function is largely unknown. In the present manuscript, we investigated the role of IL-27 signaling in human T cells by evaluating the global transcriptional changes related to the function of HIV-specific T cells. We found that T cells from people living with HIV (PLWH), expressed higher levels of STAT1 leading to enhanced STAT1 activation upon IL-27 stimulation. Observed IL-27 induced transcriptional changes were associated with IFN/STAT1-dependent pathways in CD4 and CD8 T cells. Importantly, IL-27 dependent modulation of T-bet expression promoted IFNγ secretion by TIGIT+HIVGag-specific T cells. This new immunomodulatory effect of IL-27 on HIV-specific T cell function suggests its potential therapeutic use in cure strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Cheng
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Georgetown University School of Medicine, 3970 Reservoir Road, N.W, New Research Building, Room EG19A, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Timothy G. Myers
- Genomic Technologies Section, Research Technologies Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Callie Levinger
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Tropical Medicine, School of Medicine & Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037, USA
| | - Princy Kumar
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Travel Medicine, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Jai Kumar
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Travel Medicine, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Bruktawit A. Goshu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Georgetown University School of Medicine, 3970 Reservoir Road, N.W, New Research Building, Room EG19A, Washington, DC 20057, USA
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Alberto Bosque
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Tropical Medicine, School of Medicine & Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037, USA
| | - Marta Catalfamo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Georgetown University School of Medicine, 3970 Reservoir Road, N.W, New Research Building, Room EG19A, Washington, DC 20057, USA
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11
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Odoardi N, Kourko O, Petes C, Basta S, Gee K. TLR7 Ligation Inhibits TLR8 Responsiveness in IL-27-Primed Human THP-1 Monocytes and Macrophages. J Innate Immun 2021; 13:345-358. [PMID: 34058746 DOI: 10.1159/000515738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulation of proinflammatory cytokine expression is critical in the face of single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) virus infections. Many viruses, including coronavirus and influenza virus, wreak havoc on the control of cytokine expression, leading to the formation of detrimental cytokine storms. Understanding the regulation and interplay between inflammatory cytokines is critical to the identification of targets involved in controlling the induction of cytokine expression. In this study, we focused on how the antiviral cytokine interleukin-27 (IL-27) regulates signal transduction downstream of Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) and TLR8 ligation, which recognize endosomal single-stranded RNA. Given that IL-27 alters bacterial-sensing TLR expression on myeloid cells and can inhibit replication of single-stranded RNA viruses, we investigated whether IL-27 affects expression and function of TLR7 and TLR8. Analysis of IL-27-treated THP-1 monocytic cells and THP-1-derived macrophages revealed changes in mRNA and protein expression of TLR7 and TLR8. Although treatment with IL-27 enhanced TLR7 expression, only TLR8-mediated cytokine secretion was amplified. Furthermore, we demonstrated that imiquimod, a TLR7 agonist, inhibited cytokine and chemokine production induced by a TLR8 agonist, TL8-506. Delineating the immunomodulatory role of IL-27 on TLR7 and TLR8 responses provides insight into how myeloid cell TLR-mediated responses are regulated during virus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalya Odoardi
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Olena Kourko
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Carlene Petes
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sameh Basta
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Katrina Gee
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
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12
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Goswami S, Hu X, Chen Q, Qiu J, Yang J, Poudyal D, Sherman BT, Chang W, Imamichi T. Profiles of MicroRNAs in Interleukin-27-Induced HIV-Resistant T Cells: Identification of a Novel Antiviral MicroRNA. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2021; 86:378-387. [PMID: 33196551 PMCID: PMC7879852 DOI: 10.1097/qai.0000000000002565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Interleukin-27 (IL-27) is known as an anti-HIV cytokine. We have recently demonstrated that IL-27-pretreatment promotes phytohemagglutinin-stimulated CD4(+) T cells into HIV-1-resistant cells by inhibiting an uncoating step. PURPOSE To further characterize the function of the HIV resistant T cells, we investigated profiles of microRNA in the cells using microRNA sequencing (miRNA-seq) and assessed anti-HIV effect of the microRNAs. METHODS Phytohemagglutinin-stimulated CD4(+) T cells were treated with or without IL-27 for 3 days. MicroRNA profiles were analyzed using miRNA-seq. To assess anti-HIV effect, T cells or macrophages were transfected with synthesized microRNA mimics and then infected with HIVNL4.3 or HIVAD8. Anti-HIV effect was monitored by a p24 antigen enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit. interferon (IFN)-α, IFN-β, or IFN-λ production was quantified using each subtype-specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit. RESULTS A comparative analysis of microRNA profiles indicated that expression of known miRNAs was not significantly changed in IL-27-treated cells compared with untreated T cells; however, a total of 15 novel microRNAs (miRTC1 ∼ miRTC15) were identified. Anti-HIV assay using overexpression of each novel microRNA revealed that 10 nM miRTC14 (GenBank accession number: MF281439) remarkably suppressed HIV infection by (99.3 ± 0.27%, n = 9) in macrophages but not in T cells. The inhibition was associated through induction of >1000 pg/mL of IFN-αs and IFN-λ1. CONCLUSION We discovered a total of 15 novel microRNAs in T cells and characterized that miRTC14, one of the novel microRNAs, was a potent IFN-inducing anti-HIV miRNA, implicating that regulation of the expression of miRTC14 may be a potent therapeutic tool for not only HIV but also other virus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suranjana Goswami
- Laboratory of Human Retrovirology and Immunoinformatics, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD
| | - Xiaojun Hu
- Laboratory of Human Retrovirology and Immunoinformatics, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD
- United States Department of Agriculture, Plant Germplasm Quarantine Program, Beltsville, MD; and
| | - Qian Chen
- Laboratory of Human Retrovirology and Immunoinformatics, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD
| | - Ju Qiu
- Laboratory of Human Retrovirology and Immunoinformatics, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD
| | - Jun Yang
- Laboratory of Human Retrovirology and Immunoinformatics, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD
| | - Deepak Poudyal
- Laboratory of Human Retrovirology and Immunoinformatics, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD
- Covance Central Laboratory Services, Inc, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Brad T. Sherman
- Laboratory of Human Retrovirology and Immunoinformatics, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD
| | - Weizhong Chang
- Laboratory of Human Retrovirology and Immunoinformatics, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD
| | - Tomozumi Imamichi
- Laboratory of Human Retrovirology and Immunoinformatics, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD
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13
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MicroRNA Profiles in Monocyte-Derived Macrophages Generated by Interleukin-27 and Human Serum: Identification of a Novel HIV-Inhibiting and Autophagy-Inducing MicroRNA. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22031290. [PMID: 33525571 PMCID: PMC7865382 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-27 (IL-27) is a pleiotropic cytokine that influences the innate and adaptive immune systems. It inhibits viral infection and regulates the expression of microRNAs (miRNAs). We recently reported that macrophages differentiated from human primary monocytes in the presence of IL-27 and human AB serum resisted human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and showed significant autophagy induction. In the current study, the miRNA profiles in these cells were investigated, especially focusing on the identification of novel miRNAs regulated by IL-27-treatment. The miRNA sequencing analysis detected 38 novel miRNAs. Real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis confirmed that IL-27 differentially regulated the expression of 16 of the 38 miRNAs. Overexpression of the synthesized miRNA mimics by transfection revealed that miRAB40 had potent HIV-inhibiting and autophagy-inducing properties. B18R, an interferon (IFN)-neutralization protein, partially suppressed both activities, indicating that the two functions were induced via IFN-dependent and -independent pathways. Although the target mRNA(s) of miRAB40 involving in the induction of both functions was unable to identify in this study, the discovery of miRAB40, a potential HIV-inhibiting and autophagy inducing miRNA, may provide novel insights into the miRNA (small none-coding RNA)-mediated regulation of HIV inhibition and autophagy induction as an innate immune response.
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14
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Khanam A, Ayithan N, Tang L, Poonia B, Kottilil S. IL-21-Deficient T Follicular Helper Cells Support B Cell Responses Through IL-27 in Patients With Chronic Hepatitis B. Front Immunol 2021; 11:599648. [PMID: 33584666 PMCID: PMC7876309 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.599648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic Hepatitis B (CHB) affects over 350 million people worldwide. Current treatment does result in reduced complications; however, a cure (development of antibodies to the S antigen) is not achieved, requiring life-long therapy. Humoral responses contribute to viral elimination by secreting neutralizing antibodies; though, effective induction of humoral immunity require CD4T cell differentiation into T follicular helper (TFH) cells that support B cell response through interleukin-21 (IL-21). In CHB, mechanism of TFH-B interactions is seldom described. During CHB, TFH cells are defective in producing IL-21 in response to hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). However, regardless of low IL-21, TFH cells efficiently support B cell responses by producing interleukin-27 (IL-27), which directs the formation of plasmablasts and plasma cells from memory and naïve B cells by enhancing B lymphocyte-induced maturation protein-1. IL-27 not only improved total antibody production but HBsAg-specific IgG and IgM secretion that are essential for viral clearance. Importantly, IL-27+TFH cells were significantly associated with HBV DNA reduction. Therefore, these findings imply a novel mechanism of TFH mediated B cell help in CHB and suggest that IL-27 effectively compensate the function of IL-21 by supporting TFH-B cell function, required for protective antibody response and may contribute to viral clearance by providing potential target for achieving a functional cure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arshi Khanam
- Division of Clinical Care and Research, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Natarajan Ayithan
- Division of Clinical Care and Research, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Lydia Tang
- Division of Clinical Care and Research, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Bhawna Poonia
- Division of Clinical Care and Research, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Shyam Kottilil
- Division of Clinical Care and Research, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
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15
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Abstract
IL-27 is a pleiotropic cytokine capable of influencing both innate and adaptive immune responses. With anti- and pro-inflammatory activity, IL-27 exerts its opposing effects in a cell-dependent and infectious context-specific manner. Upon pathogenic stimuli, IL-27 regulates innate immune cells, such as monocytes, dendritic cells, macrophages and neutrophils. Immune responses involving these innate cells that are negatively regulated by IL-27 signaling include inflammatory cytokine production, phagolysosomal acidification following phagocytosis, oxidative burst and autophagy. IL-27 signaling is crucial in maintaining the subtle balance between Th1 and Th2 immunity, in which protective inflammation is upregulated within the early stages of infection and subsequently downregulated once microbial growth is controlled. The immunomodulatory effects of IL-27 provide promising therapeutic targets for multiple disease types. A primary role of IL-27 is to communicate between various immune cells to initiate different immune responses. Among these responses are those involved with destroying and eliminating microbial pathogens and then turning off inflammatory responses when the infectious threat has been resolved. IL-27 possesses both anti- and pro-inflammatory activity that varies with context, immune cell and pathogen stimulus. Depending on the precise formula of these details, there are important implications for IL-27 in disease outcomes. As such, harnessing or opposing IL-27 activity may have the potential to treat a variety of infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica M Povroznik
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Cell Biology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA.,Vaccine Development Center, West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Cory M Robinson
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Cell Biology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA.,Vaccine Development Center, West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
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16
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Profiles of Long Non-Coding RNAs and mRNA Expression in Human Macrophages Regulated by Interleukin-27. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20246207. [PMID: 31835347 PMCID: PMC6941108 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20246207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages play an essential role in the immune system. Recent studies have shown that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) can regulate genes encoding products involved in the immune response. Interleukin (IL)-27 is a member of the IL-6/IL-12 family of cytokines with broad anti-viral effects that inhibits human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type-1 and herpes simplex virus (HSV). However, little is known about the role of lncRNAs in macrophages affected by IL-27. Therefore, we investigated the expression profiles of mRNA and lncRNA in human monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) regulated by IL-27. Monocytes were differentiated in the presence of macrophage-colony stimulatory factor (M-CSF)- or human AB serum with or without IL-27, and these cells were the subject for the profile analysis using RNA-Seq. We identified 146 lncRNAs (including 88 novel ones) and 434 coding genes were differentially regulated by IL-27 in both M-CSF- and AB serum-induced macrophages. Using weighted gene co-expression network analysis, we obtained four modules. The immune system, cell cycle, and regulation of complement cascade pathways were enriched in different modules. The network of mRNAs and lncRNAs in the pathways suggest that lncRNAs might regulate immune activity in macrophages. This study provides potential insight into the roles of lncRNA in macrophages regulated by IL-27.
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17
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IL-27 posttranslationally regulates Y-box binding protein-1 to inhibit HIV-1 replication in human CD4+ T cells. AIDS 2019; 33:1819-1830. [PMID: 31274540 PMCID: PMC6731144 DOI: 10.1097/qad.0000000000002288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
IL-27 is known as an antiviral cytokine that inhibits HIV, hepatitis C virus, and other viruses. We have previously demonstrated that, IL-27 posttreatment after HIV-infection inhibits viral replication in primary CD4+ T cells.
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18
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Patel MV, Shen Z, Rossoll RM, Wira CR. IL-27 Expression and Responsiveness in Human Uterine Epithelial Cells and Fibroblasts In Vitro and the Role of Estradiol. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2019; 38:101-110. [PMID: 29565744 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2017.0038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-27 is a pleiotropic cytokine that regulates multiple aspects of innate and adaptive immunity, but whose role in immune protection of the female reproductive tract is unknown. Although not constitutively expressed by human uterine epithelial cells and fibroblasts in culture, IL-27 secretion was upregulated after treatment with the viral ligand poly (I:C) in a type I interferon (IFN)-dependent manner, with higher levels measured in fibroblasts than epithelial cells. Estradiol increased poly (I:C)-induced IL-27 production by fibroblasts, but not epithelial cells. While both cell types expressed the IL-27 receptor, only fibroblasts responded to recombinant IL-27 with increased expression of the antiviral genes, APOBEC3G (apolipoprotein B mRNA-editing enzyme, catalytic polypeptide-like 3G) and MxA, and the tryptophan-catabolizing enzyme, indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO). Estradiol inhibited IL-27-mediated induction of IDO in fibroblasts through estrogen receptor alpha, but had no effect on APOBEC3G. IL-27 pretreatment also potentiated poly (I:C) upregulation of the antiviral genes, OAS2 and APOBEC3G, in fibroblasts. Thus, IL-27 is part of the antiviral response by uterine cells against potential pathogens. The effect of estradiol on IL-27 production and sensitivity by fibroblasts demonstrates a selective hormone action on individual cell types in the uterus and suggests that IL-27 may have differential effects during the menstrual cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mickey V Patel
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth , Lebanon , New Hampshire
| | - Zheng Shen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth , Lebanon , New Hampshire
| | - Richard M Rossoll
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth , Lebanon , New Hampshire
| | - Charles R Wira
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth , Lebanon , New Hampshire
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19
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Guo Y, Cao W, Zhu Y. Immunoregulatory Functions of the IL-12 Family of Cytokines in Antiviral Systems. Viruses 2019; 11:v11090772. [PMID: 31443406 PMCID: PMC6784021 DOI: 10.3390/v11090772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Members of the interleukin 12 (IL-12) family have been known to be inflammatory factors since their discovery. The IL-12 family consists of IL-12, IL-23, IL-27, IL-35, and a new member, IL-39, which has recently been identified and has not yet been studied extensively. Current literature has described the mechanisms of immunity of these cytokines and potential uses for therapy and medical cures. IL-12 was found first and is effective in combatting a wide range of naturally occurring viral infections through the upregulation of various cytokines to clear the infected cells. IL-23 has an essential function in immune networks, can induce IL-17 production, and can antagonize inhibition from IL-12 in the presence of T helper (Th) 17 cells, resulting in type II IFN (IFN-γ) regulation. IL-27 has a competitive relationship to IL-35 because they both include the same subunit, the Epstein–Barr virus-induced gene3 (EBi3). This review provides a simple introduction to the IL-12 family and focuses on their functions relevant to their actions to counteract viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Modern Virology Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Wei Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Modern Virology Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Ying Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Modern Virology Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
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20
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Schönfeld M, Knackmuss U, Chandorkar P, Hörtnagl P, Hope TJ, Moris A, Bellmann-Weiler R, Lass-Flörl C, Posch W, Wilflingseder D. Co- but not Sequential Infection of DCs Boosts Their HIV-Specific CTL-Stimulatory Capacity. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1123. [PMID: 31178863 PMCID: PMC6542955 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic bacteria and their microbial products activate dendritic cells (DCs) at mucosal surfaces during sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and therefore might also differently shape DC functions during co-infection with HIV-1. We recently illustrated that complement (C) coating of HIV-1 (HIV-C), as primarily found during the acute phase of infection before appearance of HIV-specific antibodies, by-passed SAMHD1-mediated restriction in DCs and therefore mediated an increased DC activation and antiviral capacity. To determine whether the superior antiviral effects of HIV-C-exposed DCs also apply during STIs, we developed a co-infection model in which DCs were infected with Chlamydia spp. simultaneously (HIV-C/Chlam-DCs or HIV/Chlam-DCs) or a sequential infection model, where DCs were exposed to Chlamydia for 3 or 24 h (Chlam-DCs) followed by HIV-1 infection. Co-infection of DCs with HIV-1 and Chlamydia significantly boosted the CTL-stimulatory capacity compared to HIV-1-loaded iDCs and this boost was independent on the opsonization pattern. This effect was lost in the sequential infection model, when opsonized HIV-1 was added delayed to Chlamydia-loaded DCs. The reduction in the CTL-stimulatory capacity of Chlam-DCs was not due to lower HIV-1 binding or infection compared to iDCs or HIV-C/Chlam-DCs, but due to altered fusion and internalization mechanisms within DCs. The CTL-stimulatory capacity of HIV-C in Chlam-DCs correlated with significantly reduced viral fusion compared to iDCs and HIV-C/Chlam-DCs and illustrated considerably increased numbers of HIV-C-containing vacuoles than iDCs. The data indicate that Chlamydia co-infection of DCs mediates a transient boost of their HIV-specific CTL-stimulatory and antiviral capacity, while in the sequential infection model this is reversed and associated with hazard to the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Schönfeld
- Division of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Ulla Knackmuss
- Division of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Parul Chandorkar
- Division of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Paul Hörtnagl
- Central Institute for Blood Transfusion and Immunological Department, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Thomas John Hope
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Arnaud Moris
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Center for Immunology and Microbial Infections - CIMI-Paris, Paris, France.,Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Rosa Bellmann-Weiler
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Cornelia Lass-Flörl
- Division of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Wilfried Posch
- Division of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Doris Wilflingseder
- Division of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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21
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Gleave Parson M, Grimmett J, Vance JK, Witt MR, Seman BG, Rawson TW, Lyda L, Labuda C, Jung JY, Bradford SD, Robinson CM. Murine myeloid-derived suppressor cells are a source of elevated levels of interleukin-27 in early life and compromise control of bacterial infection. Immunol Cell Biol 2019; 97:445-456. [PMID: 30575117 DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Microbial infections early in life remain a major cause of infant mortality worldwide. This is consistent with immune deficiencies in this population. Interleukin (IL)-27 is suppressive toward a variety of immune cell types, and we have shown that the production of IL-27 is elevated in humans and mice early in life. We hypothesize that elevated levels of IL-27 oppose protective responses to infection during the neonatal period. In this study, we extended previous findings in neonatal mice to identify a population of IL-27 producers that express Gr-1 and were further identified as myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) based on the expression of surface markers and functional studies. In neonates, MDSCs are more abundant and contribute to the elevated pool of IL-27 in this population. Although the ability of MDSCs to regulate T lymphocyte activation has been well-studied, sparingly few studies have investigated the influence of MDSCs on innate immune function during bacterial infection. We demonstrate that macrophages are impaired in their ability to control growth of Escherichia coli when cocultured with MDSCs. This bacterium is a significant concern for neonates as a common cause of bacterial sepsis and meningitis. The suppressive effect of MDSCs on macrophage function is mediated by IL-27; inclusion of a reagent to neutralize IL-27 promotes improved control of bacterial growth. Taken together, these results suggest that the increased abundance of MDSCs may contribute to early life susceptibility to infection and further highlight production of IL-27 as a novel MDSC mechanism to suppress immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeline Gleave Parson
- Biomedical Sciences Department, West Virginia School of Osteopathic Medicine, Lewisburg, WV, USA
| | - Juanita Grimmett
- Biomedical Sciences Department, West Virginia School of Osteopathic Medicine, Lewisburg, WV, USA
| | - Jordan K Vance
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, & Cell Biology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Michelle R Witt
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, & Cell Biology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Brittany G Seman
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, & Cell Biology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Travis W Rawson
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, & Cell Biology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Logan Lyda
- Biomedical Sciences Department, West Virginia School of Osteopathic Medicine, Lewisburg, WV, USA
| | - Christopher Labuda
- Biomedical Sciences Department, West Virginia School of Osteopathic Medicine, Lewisburg, WV, USA
| | - Joo-Yong Jung
- Department of Biology, Briar Cliff University, Sioux City, IA, USA
| | - Shelby D Bradford
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, & Cell Biology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Cory M Robinson
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, & Cell Biology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, USA
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22
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Poudyal D, Herman A, Adelsberger JW, Yang J, Hu X, Chen Q, Bosche M, Sherman BT, Imamichi T. A novel microRNA, hsa-miR-6852 differentially regulated by Interleukin-27 induces necrosis in cervical cancer cells by downregulating the FoxM1 expression. Sci Rep 2018; 8:900. [PMID: 29343703 PMCID: PMC5772045 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-19259-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
We have previously demonstrated that Interleukin-27 differentially regulates the expression of seven novel microRNAs. Here we elucidate the functional significance of these novel microRNAs. Of the seven microRNAs, over expression of miRNA-6852 (miR-SX4) mimic induces cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase and induces necrosis in HEK293 and panel of cervical cancer cells (Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) infected cell lines; HeLa, CaSki and SiHa cells). To define the mechanism of the miR-SX4-mediated G2/M arrest, a microarray gene chip array and western blot analysis were performed. FoxM1, a transcription factor is identified as a key protein down-regulated by miR-SX4, even though the miR-SX4 does not target 3’UTR of FoxM1. Knock down of FoxM1 using si-RNA demonstrate that FoxM1 silenced cell induces G2/M cell cycle arrest and necrosis. Our data demonstrated for the first time that miR-SX4 could be a potent anti-cancer microRNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Poudyal
- Laboratory of Human Retrovirology and Immunoinformatics, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, 21702, USA
| | - Andrew Herman
- Laboratory of Human Retrovirology and Immunoinformatics, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, 21702, USA
| | - Joseph W Adelsberger
- AIDS Monitoring Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, 21702, USA
| | - Jun Yang
- Laboratory of Human Retrovirology and Immunoinformatics, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, 21702, USA
| | - Xiaojun Hu
- Laboratory of Human Retrovirology and Immunoinformatics, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, 21702, USA
| | - Qian Chen
- Laboratory of Human Retrovirology and Immunoinformatics, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, 21702, USA
| | - Marjorie Bosche
- Laboratory of Human Retrovirology and Immunoinformatics, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, 21702, USA
| | - Brad T Sherman
- Laboratory of Human Retrovirology and Immunoinformatics, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, 21702, USA
| | - Tomozumi Imamichi
- Laboratory of Human Retrovirology and Immunoinformatics, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, 21702, USA.
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23
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Hotter D, Kirchhoff F. Interferons and beyond: Induction of antiretroviral restriction factors. J Leukoc Biol 2017; 103:465-477. [PMID: 29345347 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.3mr0717-307r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Revised: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Antiviral restriction factors are structurally and functionally diverse cellular proteins that play a key role in the first line of defense against viral pathogens. Although many cell types constitutively express restriction factors at low levels, their induction in response to viral exposure and replication is often required for potent control and repulse of the invading pathogens. It is well established that type I IFNs efficiently induce antiviral restriction factors. Accumulating evidence suggests that other types of IFN, as well as specific cytokines, such as IL-27, and other activators of the cell are also capable of enhancing the expression of restriction factors and hence to establish an antiviral cellular state. Agents that efficiently induce restriction factors, increase their activity, and/or render them resistant against viral antagonists without causing general inflammation and significant side effects hold some promise for novel therapeutic or preventive strategies. In the present review, we summarize some of the current knowledge on the induction of antiretroviral restriction factors and perspectives for therapeutic application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Hotter
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Frank Kirchhoff
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
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Hu X, Chen Q, Sowrirajan B, Bosche M, Imamichi T, Sherman BT. Genome-Wide Analyses of MicroRNA Profiling in Interleukin-27 Treated Monocyte-Derived Human Dendritic Cells Using Deep Sequencing: A Pilot Study. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18050925. [PMID: 28452924 PMCID: PMC5454838 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18050925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Revised: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate gene expression and thereby influence cell fate and function. Recent studies suggest that an abundant class of miRNAs play important roles in immune cells, such as T cells, natural killer (NK) cells, B cells, and dendritic cells (DCs). Interleukin (IL)-27 is a member of the IL-12 family of cytokines with broad anti-viral effects. It is a potent inhibitor of HIV-1 infection in CD4+ T cells and macrophages, as well as monocyte-derived immature dendritic cells (iDCs). This pilot study compared miRNA profiles between iDCs and IL-27-treated iDCs (27DCs) using deep sequencing methods and identified 46 known miRNAs that were significantly differentially expressed in 27DCs: 36 were upregulated and 10 downregulated by IL-27. Many of the potential target genes of these miRNAs are involved in IL-27 associated pathways, such as JAK/STAT, MAPKs, and PI3K and several were also previously reported to be involved in the regulation of human DC function. This study found that these miRNAs also potentially target several viral genomes and therefore may have antiviral effects. Four of these differential miRNAs (miR-99a-5p, miR-222-3p, miR-138-5p, and miR-125b-5p) were validated using quantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT-qPCR). Twenty-two novel miRNAs were discovered from deep sequencing and confirmed using RT-qPCR. This study furthers the understanding of the role of IL-27 in immunity and lays a foundation for future characterization of the role of specific miRNAs in DCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Hu
- Laboratory of Human Retrovirology and Immunoinformatics, Applied and Developmental Research Directorate, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
| | - Qian Chen
- Laboratory of Human Retrovirology and Immunoinformatics, Applied and Developmental Research Directorate, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
| | - Bharatwaj Sowrirajan
- Laboratory of Human Retrovirology and Immunoinformatics, Applied and Developmental Research Directorate, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
| | - Marjorie Bosche
- Laboratory of Human Retrovirology and Immunoinformatics, Applied and Developmental Research Directorate, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
| | - Tomozumi Imamichi
- Laboratory of Human Retrovirology and Immunoinformatics, Applied and Developmental Research Directorate, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
| | - Brad T Sherman
- Laboratory of Human Retrovirology and Immunoinformatics, Applied and Developmental Research Directorate, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
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Sowrirajan B, Saito Y, Poudyal D, Chen Q, Sui H, DeRavin SS, Imamichi H, Sato T, Kuhns DB, Noguchi N, Malech HL, Lane HC, Imamichi T. Interleukin-27 Enhances the Potential of Reactive Oxygen Species Generation from Monocyte-derived Macrophages and Dendritic cells by Induction of p47 phox. Sci Rep 2017; 7:43441. [PMID: 28240310 PMCID: PMC5327488 DOI: 10.1038/srep43441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-27, a member of the IL-12 cytokine family, plays an important and diverse role in the function of the immune system. We have previously demonstrated that IL-27 is an anti-viral cytokine which inhibits HIV-1, HIV-2, Influenza virus and herpes simplex virus infection, and enhances the potential of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generating activity during differentiation of monocytes to macrophages. In this study, we further investigated the mechanism of the enhanced potential for ROS generation by IL-27. Real time PCR, western blot and knock down assays demonstrate that IL-27 is able to enhance the potential of superoxide production not only during differentiation but also in terminally differentiated-macrophages and immature dendritic cells (iDC) in association with the induction of p47phox, a cytosolic component of the ROS producing enzyme, NADPH oxidase, and the increase in amounts of phosphorylated p47phox upon stimulation. We also demonstrate that IL-27 is able to induce extracellular superoxide dismutase during differentiation of monocytes but not in terminal differentiated macrophages. Since ROS plays an important role in a variety of inflammation, our data demonstrate that IL-27 is a potent regulator of ROS induction and may be a novel therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharatwaj Sowrirajan
- Laboratory of Human Retrovirology and Immunoinformatics, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland 21702, USA
| | - Yoshiro Saito
- Systems Life Sciences laboratory, Department of Medical Life Systems, Faculty of Life and Medical Sciences, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe, Kyoto 610-0394, Japan
| | - Deepak Poudyal
- Laboratory of Human Retrovirology and Immunoinformatics, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland 21702, USA
| | - Qian Chen
- Laboratory of Human Retrovirology and Immunoinformatics, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland 21702, USA
| | - Hongyan Sui
- Laboratory of Human Retrovirology and Immunoinformatics, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland 21702, USA
| | - Suk See DeRavin
- Laboratory of Host Defenses, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20802, USA
| | - Hiromi Imamichi
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Toyotaka Sato
- Laboratory of Human Retrovirology and Immunoinformatics, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland 21702, USA
| | - Douglas B. Kuhns
- Neutrophil Monitoring Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland 21702, USA
| | - Noriko Noguchi
- Systems Life Sciences laboratory, Department of Medical Life Systems, Faculty of Life and Medical Sciences, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe, Kyoto 610-0394, Japan
| | - Harry L. Malech
- Laboratory of Host Defenses, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20802, USA
| | - H. Clifford Lane
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Tomozumi Imamichi
- Laboratory of Human Retrovirology and Immunoinformatics, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland 21702, USA
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Yang B, Suwanpradid J, Sanchez-Lagunes R, Choi HW, Hoang P, Wang D, Abraham SN, MacLeod AS. IL-27 Facilitates Skin Wound Healing through Induction of Epidermal Proliferation and Host Defense. J Invest Dermatol 2017; 137:1166-1175. [PMID: 28132857 PMCID: PMC5552041 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2017.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Revised: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Skin wound repair requires a coordinated program of epithelial cell proliferation and differentiation as well as resistance to invading microbes. However, the factors that trigger epithelial cell proliferation in this inflammatory process are incompletely understood. In this study, we demonstrate that IL-27 is rapidly and transiently produced by CD301b+ cells in the skin after injury. The functional role of IL-27 and CD301b+ cells is demonstrated by the finding that CD301b-depleted mice exhibit delayed wound closure in vivo, which could be rescued by topical IL-27 treatment. Furthermore, genetic ablation of the IL-27 receptor (Il27Ra−/−) attenuates wound healing, suggesting an essential role for IL-27 signaling in skin regeneration in vivo. Mechanistically, IL-27 feeds back on keratinocytes to stimulate cell proliferation and re-epithelialization in the skin, whereas IL-27 leads to suppression of keratinocyte terminal differentiation. Finally, we identify that IL-27 potently increases expression of the antiviral oligoadenylate synthetase 2, but does not affect expression of antibacterial human beta defensin 2 or regenerating islet-derived protein 3-alpha. Together, our data suggest a previously unrecognized role for IL-27 in regulating epithelial cell proliferation and antiviral host defense during the normal wound healing response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Yang
- Department of Dermatology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA; Department of Dermatology, Wuhan General Hospital of Guangzhou Command, Wuhan, China
| | - Jutamas Suwanpradid
- Department of Dermatology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - Hae Woong Choi
- Department of Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Peter Hoang
- Department of Dermatology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Donghai Wang
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA; Department of Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Soman N Abraham
- Department of Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA; Department of Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Amanda S MacLeod
- Department of Dermatology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA; Department of Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
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27
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Heikkilä O, Nygårdas M, Paavilainen H, Ryödi E, Hukkanen V. Interleukin-27 Inhibits Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Infection by Activating STAT1 and 3, Interleukin-6, and Chemokines IP-10 and MIG. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2016; 36:617-629. [DOI: 10.1089/jir.2016.0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Outi Heikkilä
- Department of Virology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | | | - Henrik Paavilainen
- Department of Virology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Drug Research Doctoral Programme, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Elina Ryödi
- Department of Virology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Veijo Hukkanen
- Department of Virology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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Jung J, Gleave Parson M, Kraft JD, Lyda L, Kobe B, Davis C, Robinson J, Peña MMO, Robinson CM. Elevated interleukin-27 levels in human neonatal macrophages regulate indoleamine dioxygenase in a STAT-1 and STAT-3-dependent manner. Immunology 2016; 149:35-47. [PMID: 27238498 PMCID: PMC4981608 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Revised: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial infections are a major cause of infant mortality as a result of limitations in immune defences. Interleukin-27 (IL-27) is a heterodimeric cytokine produced primarily by leucocytes and is immunosuppressive toward lymphocytes and leucocytes. Our laboratory demonstrated that human neonatal macrophages express IL-27 more abundantly than adult macrophages. Similarly in mice, IL-27 expression is elevated early in life and maintained through infancy. To determine IL-27-regulated mechanisms that may limit immunity, we evaluated the expression of a number of genes in response to this cytokine in primary human neonatal macrophages. Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) gene expression was increased dose-responsively by IL-27. We have previously demonstrated inhibition of T-cell proliferation and cytokine production by neonatal macrophage-generated IL-27, and IDO is often implicated in this negative regulation. An increase in IDO protein was demonstrated by immunofluorescence microscopy and was consistent with increased enzyme activity following treatment with IL-27. Inclusion of a soluble receptor to neutralize endogenous IL-27, decreased IDO expression and activity compared with untreated macrophages. In response to IL-27, neonatal macrophages phosphorylate signal transdcuer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT-1) and STAT-3. Both transcription factors are recruited to the IDO regulatory region. STAT-3 dominates during steady-state regulation by lower levels of endogenous IL-27 production. A shift to enhanced STAT-1 recruitment occurs during increased levels of exogenously supplied IL-27. These data suggest an interesting interplay of STAT-1 and STAT-3 to regulate IDO activity and immunosuppression in response to different levels of IL-27 in the microenvironment of the immune response that may further our understanding of this interesting cytokine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joo‐Yong Jung
- Department of BiologyBriar Cliff UniversitySioux CityIAUSA
| | - Madeline Gleave Parson
- Biomedical Sciences DepartmentWest Virginia School of Osteopathic MedicineLewisburgWVUSA
| | - Jennifer D. Kraft
- Department of Pathology Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of South Carolina School of MedicineColumbiaSCUSA
| | - Logan Lyda
- Biomedical Sciences DepartmentWest Virginia School of Osteopathic MedicineLewisburgWVUSA
| | - Brianna Kobe
- Biomedical Sciences DepartmentWest Virginia School of Osteopathic MedicineLewisburgWVUSA
| | - Celestia Davis
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of South CarolinaColumbiaSCUSA
- Center for Colon Cancer ResearchUniversity of South CarolinaColumbiaSCUSA
| | - Jembber Robinson
- Department of Pathology Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of South Carolina School of MedicineColumbiaSCUSA
| | - Maria Marjorette O. Peña
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of South CarolinaColumbiaSCUSA
- Center for Colon Cancer ResearchUniversity of South CarolinaColumbiaSCUSA
| | - Cory M. Robinson
- Biomedical Sciences DepartmentWest Virginia School of Osteopathic MedicineLewisburgWVUSA
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Interleukin-27 as a Novel Biomarker for Early Cardiopulmonary Failure in Enterovirus 71-Infected Children with Central Nervous System Involvement. Mediators Inflamm 2016; 2016:4025167. [PMID: 27403033 PMCID: PMC4925946 DOI: 10.1155/2016/4025167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Enterovirus 71 (EV71) is a major pathogen for severe hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD), which leads to severe neurological complications and has high morbidity and mortality. Reliable biomarker for the prediction of deterioration in EV71-infected children with central nervous system (CNS) involvement may reduce the cardiopulmonary failure and mortality. Here, we found that serum IL-27 levels were significantly higher in stage III EV71-infected HFMD patients with early cardiopulmonary failure and strong correlation with CRP levels. IL27p28 polymorphisms (rs153109, rs17855750, and rs181206) did not influence IL-27 production, and these three SNPs were not associated with EV71 infection risk and clinical stage. IL-27 can be used as an prediction indicator for early cardiopulmonary failure in EV71-infected children with CNS involvement.
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Beltra JC, Decaluwe H. Cytokines and persistent viral infections. Cytokine 2016; 82:4-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2016.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2015] [Revised: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Li B. Advances in Studies Related to Interleukin-12 Family and Infectious Diseases. INFECTION INTERNATIONAL 2015. [DOI: 10.1515/ii-2017-0103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractInterleukin (IL)-12 family is a group of cytokines composed of heterogeneous molecules and whose members include IL-12, IL-23, IL-27, and IL-35. IL-12 family bridges natural and adaptive immune responses and especially plays a significant role in classical adaptive immune process participated by TH1, TH17, and Treg cells. Members of IL-12 family participate in adaptive immune responses via the Janus kinase-signal transducers and activators of transcription signaling pathway by sharing some subunits and receptors. IL-12 features an extremely complex regulatory network. During resistance of microbial infection, IL-12 and IL-23 mainly show inflammatory effects, whereas IL-27 and IL-35 commonly show antiinflammatory effects. This study reviews advances in studies related to IL-12 family members and infectious diseases and provides references to further reveal functions of IL-12 family members in occurrence and development of infectious diseases.
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Pulliam L. Cognitive consequences of a sustained monocyte type 1 IFN response in HIV-1 infection. Curr HIV Res 2015; 12:77-84. [PMID: 24862334 DOI: 10.2174/1570162x12666140526113544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2013] [Revised: 11/18/2013] [Accepted: 11/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
With successful antiretroviral therapy, HIV-1-infected subjects can achieve undetectable peripheral viral loads and immune homeostasis. However, in a subset of individuals on therapy, peripheral monocytes have a gene expression profile characteristic of a type 1 interferon α (IFN) response. This type 1 IFN response correlates with a number of pathogenic conditions including neural cell injury and in combination with HCV infection, cognitive impairment. Lessons from the non-human primate models of pathogenic and nonpathogenic SIV suggest that returning the initial IFN spike in acute SIV infection to normal allows the immune system to control infection and return to homeostasis. An IFN "alarm" signature, defined as monocyte activation with overexpression of the type1 IFN genes IFI27 and CD169, would be useful for identifying a subset of subjects with HIV-1 infection that could progress to a number of pathologies associated with immune activation including cognitive dysfunction. This strategy is being actively pursued for autoimmune diseases that are characterized by an IFN signature. Therapies to block the IFN signature are under investigation as a means to reset the immune system and in a subset of HIV-1-infected subjects may be an adjuvant to standard antiviral therapy to return cognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynn Pulliam
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center (113A), 4150 Clement St., San Francisco, CA 94121, USA.
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Swaminathan S, Hu Z, Rupert AW, Higgins JM, Dewar RL, Stevens R, Chen Q, Rehm CA, Metcalf JA, Baseler MW, Lane HC, Imamichi T. Plasma interleukin-27 (IL-27) levels are not modulated in patients with chronic HIV-1 infection. PLoS One 2014; 9:e98989. [PMID: 24896094 PMCID: PMC4045808 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0098989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2014] [Accepted: 05/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE IL-27 is an immunomodulatory cytokine with potent anti-HIV properties in PBMCs, CD4+ T cells, macrophages and immature dendritic cells. Previous smaller studies have suggested that HIV-1 infection may alter IL-27 and influence HIV-1 pathogenesis. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between plasma IL-27 levels in a well-characterised cohort of HIV-1 infected patients. METHODS Patients were stratified into four groups based on HIV-1 viral load and matched according to age, gender and those receiving antiretroviral treatment. IL-27 levels and C-reactive protein (CRP) were measured using electrochemiluminescence assays. D-dimer and CD4+ T cell counts were measured using an Enzyme Linked Fluorescence Assay and FACS, respectively. sCD14 and sCD163 were measured using ELISA. HIV-1 viral load was measured by bDNA or qRT-PCR assays. RESULTS Plasma IL-27 levels were measured in 505 patients (462 HIV+, 43 controls). The mean level (±SEM) of IL-27 in controls was 2990.7±682.1 pg/ml, in the <50 copies/ml group it was 2008.0±274.8 pg/ml, in the 51-10,000 copies group it was 1468.7±172.3 pg/ml, in the 10,001-100,000 copies/ml group it was 1237.9±127.3 pg/ml and in the >100,000 copies/ml group it was 1590.1±223.7 pg/ml. No statistically significant difference in IL-27 levels between groups were seen. There were no correlations noted between IL-27 and HIV-1 viral load or CD4+ T cell counts. There was a small correlation noted between D-dimer and IL-27 (Spearman r = 0.09, p = 0.03) and sCD163 and IL-27 (Spearman r = 0.12, p = 0.005). No correlation was observed between IL-27 and CRP or sCD14 levels. CONCLUSIONS This is the largest study examining the levels of plasma IL-27 in HIV-1 infection. While IL-27 levels are not significantly altered in HIV-1 infection compared to uninfected controls there may be a small association between IL-27 and D-dimer levels and IL-27 and sCD163 levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Swaminathan
- Applied and Developmental Research Directorate, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Western Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- School of Medicine, University of Western Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Zonghui Hu
- Biostatistics Research Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Adam W. Rupert
- Applied and Developmental Research Directorate, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jeanette M. Higgins
- Applied and Developmental Research Directorate, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Robin L. Dewar
- Applied and Developmental Research Directorate, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Randy Stevens
- Applied and Developmental Research Directorate, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Qian Chen
- Applied and Developmental Research Directorate, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Catherine A. Rehm
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Julia A. Metcalf
- Division of Clinical Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Michael W. Baseler
- Applied and Developmental Research Directorate, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - H. Clifford Lane
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Tomozumi Imamichi
- Applied and Developmental Research Directorate, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
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He L, Zhao J, Wang MH, Siu KKY, Gan YX, Chen L, Zee BCY, Yang L, Kung HF, Yang ZR, He ML. Interleukin-27 is differentially associated with HIV viral load and CD4+ T cell counts in therapy-naïve HIV-mono-infected and HIV/HCV-co-infected Chinese. PLoS One 2014; 9:e96792. [PMID: 24816922 PMCID: PMC4016030 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0096792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2013] [Accepted: 04/11/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection and the resultant Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) epidemic are major global health challenges; hepatitis C virus (HCV) co-infection has made the HIV/AIDS epidemic even worse. Interleukin-27 (IL-27), a cytokine which inhibits HIV and HCV replication in vitro, associates with HIV infection and HIV/HCV co-infection in clinical settings. However, the impact of HIV and HCV viral loads on plasma IL-27 expression levels has not been well characterized. In this study, 155 antiretroviral therapy-naïve Chinese were recruited. Among them 80 were HIV- and HCV-negative healthy controls, 45 were HIV-mono-infected and 30 were HIV/HCV-co-infected. Plasma level HIV, HCV, IL-27 and CD4+ number were counted and their correlation, regression relationships were explored. We show that: plasma IL-27 level was significantly upregulated in HIV-mono-infected and HIV/HCV-co-infected Chinese; HIV viral load was negatively correlated with IL-27 titer in HIV-mono-infected subjects whereas the relationship was opposite in HIV/HCV-co-infected subjects; and the relationships between HIV viral loads, IL-27 titers and CD4+ T cell counts in the HIV mono-infection and HIV/HCV co-infection groups were dramatically different. Overall, our results suggest that IL-27 differs in treatment-naïve groups with HIV mono-infections and HIV/HCV co-infections, thereby providing critical information to be considered when caring and treating those with HIV mono-infection and HIV/HCV co-infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lai He
- Stanley Ho Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health and Primary Care, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jin Zhao
- Stanley Ho Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health and Primary Care, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
| | - Maggie Haitian Wang
- Division of Biostatistics, School of Public Health and Primary Care, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kenny K. Y. Siu
- Division of Biosciences, Faculty of Life Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Yong-Xia Gan
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
| | - Benny C. Y. Zee
- Division of Biostatistics, School of Public Health and Primary Care, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Li Yang
- Division of Digestive Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hsiang-Fu Kung
- Stanley Ho Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health and Primary Care, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Primary Care, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Zheng-Rong Yang
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ming-Liang He
- Stanley Ho Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health and Primary Care, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Primary Care, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Kumar A, Herbein G. The macrophage: a therapeutic target in HIV-1 infection. MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR THERAPIES 2014; 2:10. [PMID: 26056579 PMCID: PMC4452058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2013] [Accepted: 01/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is still a serious global health concern responsible for more than 25 million deaths in last three decades. More than 34 million people are living with HIV infection. Macrophages and CD4+ T cells are the principal targets of HIV-1. The pathogenesis of HIV-1 takes different routes in macrophages and CD4+ T cells. Macrophages are resistant to the cytopathic effect of HIV-1 and produce virus for longer periods of time. In addition, macrophages being present in every organ system thus can disseminate virus to the different anatomical sites leading to the formation of viral sanctuaries. Complete cure of HIV-1 needs better understanding of viral pathogenesis in these reservoirs and implementation of knowledge into robust therapeutic products. In this review we will focus on the unique relationship between HIV-1 and macrophages. Furthermore, we will describe how successful antiretroviral therapy (ART) is in suppressing HIV and novel molecular and cellular strategies against HIV-1 in macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Kumar
- />Department of Virology, UPRES EA4266 Pathogens & Inflammation, University of Franche-Comte, SFR FED 4234, F-25030 Besançon, France
| | - Georges Herbein
- />Department of Virology, UPRES EA4266 Pathogens & Inflammation, University of Franche-Comte, SFR FED 4234, F-25030 Besançon, France
- />Department of Virology, Hôpital Saint-Jacques, CHRU Besançon, 2 place Saint-Jacques, F-25030 Besançon cedex, France
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Kumar A, Herbein G. The macrophage: a therapeutic target in HIV-1 infection. MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR THERAPIES 2014; 2:10. [PMID: 26056579 PMCID: PMC4452058 DOI: 10.1186/2052-8426-2-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2013] [Accepted: 01/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is still a serious global health concern responsible for more than 25 million deaths in last three decades. More than 34 million people are living with HIV infection. Macrophages and CD4+ T cells are the principal targets of HIV-1. The pathogenesis of HIV-1 takes different routes in macrophages and CD4+ T cells. Macrophages are resistant to the cytopathic effect of HIV-1 and produce virus for longer periods of time. In addition, macrophages being present in every organ system thus can disseminate virus to the different anatomical sites leading to the formation of viral sanctuaries. Complete cure of HIV-1 needs better understanding of viral pathogenesis in these reservoirs and implementation of knowledge into robust therapeutic products. In this review we will focus on the unique relationship between HIV-1 and macrophages. Furthermore, we will describe how successful antiretroviral therapy (ART) is in suppressing HIV and novel molecular and cellular strategies against HIV-1 in macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Kumar
- Department of Virology, UPRES EA4266 Pathogens & Inflammation, University of Franche-Comte, SFR FED 4234, F-25030 Besançon, France
| | - Georges Herbein
- Department of Virology, UPRES EA4266 Pathogens & Inflammation, University of Franche-Comte, SFR FED 4234, F-25030 Besançon, France ; Department of Virology, Hôpital Saint-Jacques, CHRU Besançon, 2 place Saint-Jacques, F-25030 Besançon cedex, France
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Sui H, Zhou M, Chen Q, Lane HC, Imamichi T. siRNA enhances DNA-mediated interferon lambda-1 response through crosstalk between RIG-I and IFI16 signalling pathway. Nucleic Acids Res 2014; 42:583-98. [PMID: 24049081 PMCID: PMC3874163 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkt844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2012] [Revised: 08/21/2013] [Accepted: 08/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In addition to silencing specific genes, small interfering RNA (siRNA) transfection is also associated with the non-specific induction of inflammatory cytokines and type I interferon. Those so-called "off-target" effects have considerable implications for the interpretation of in vitro studies and clinical application of siRNA. The present study attempted to develop a better understanding of the mechanism involved in these off target effects. Synthesized siRNA significantly enhances DNA-mediated interferon lambda-1 response (IFN-λ1/IL-29), a newly characterized antiviral interferon in non-immune or primary immune cells. This enhancement was most pronounced by double-stranded siRNA with at least a 2-nucleotide overhang at one 3' terminus in a dose-dependent manner, while the presence of DNA was indispensable. A pull-down assay using biotinylated siRNA- or DNA-conjugated beads indicated that retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I) and interferon gamma-inducible protein 16 (IFI16) were involved in the sensing of siRNA and DNA, respectively. Co-immunoprecipitation analysis further revealed that RIG-I and IFI16 formed a complex via siRNA, and the dissociation of IFI16 from this complex in the presence of DNA activated the downstream STING-TBK1-IRF3 (stimulator of interferon genes - tank-binding kinase 1 - interferon regulatory factor 3) pathway, shedding light on a new physiological signalling pathway to activate innate immunity. Collectively, these findings may provide rational information for siRNA-induced innate immunity, with important implications for developing siRNA-based reagents to control human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Sui
- Laboratory of Human Retrovirology, Clinical Services Program, Applied and Developmental Directorate, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA, Laboratory of Proteomics and Analytical Technologies, Advanced Technology Program, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA and Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ming Zhou
- Laboratory of Human Retrovirology, Clinical Services Program, Applied and Developmental Directorate, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA, Laboratory of Proteomics and Analytical Technologies, Advanced Technology Program, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA and Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Qian Chen
- Laboratory of Human Retrovirology, Clinical Services Program, Applied and Developmental Directorate, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA, Laboratory of Proteomics and Analytical Technologies, Advanced Technology Program, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA and Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - H. Clifford Lane
- Laboratory of Human Retrovirology, Clinical Services Program, Applied and Developmental Directorate, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA, Laboratory of Proteomics and Analytical Technologies, Advanced Technology Program, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA and Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Tomozumi Imamichi
- Laboratory of Human Retrovirology, Clinical Services Program, Applied and Developmental Directorate, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA, Laboratory of Proteomics and Analytical Technologies, Advanced Technology Program, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA and Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Swaminathan S, Dai L, Lane HC, Imamichi T. Evaluating the potential of IL-27 as a novel therapeutic agent in HIV-1 infection. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2013; 24:571-7. [PMID: 23962745 PMCID: PMC3851681 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2013.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2013] [Accepted: 07/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin 27 (IL-27) is an immunomodulatory cytokine with important roles in both the innate and adaptive immune systems. In the last five years, the addition of exogenous IL-27 to primary cell cultures has been demonstrated to decrease HIV-1 replication in a number of cell types including peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), CD4+ T cells, macrophages and dendritic cells. These in vitro findings suggest that IL-27 may have therapeutic value in the setting of HIV-1 infection. In this review, we describe the current knowledge of the biology of IL-27, its effects primarily on HIV-1 replication but also in other viral infections and explore its potential role as a therapeutic cytokine for the treatment of patients with HIV-1 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Swaminathan
- Applied and Developmental Research Directorate, Science Application International Corporation (SAIC)-Frederick, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research (FNLCR), Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Lue Dai
- Applied and Developmental Research Directorate, Science Application International Corporation (SAIC)-Frederick, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research (FNLCR), Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - H. Clifford Lane
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Tomozumi Imamichi
- Applied and Developmental Research Directorate, Science Application International Corporation (SAIC)-Frederick, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research (FNLCR), Frederick, MD 21702, USA
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Abstract
A growing body of evidence suggests an essential role of the heterodimeric cytokine, IL-27, for regulating immunity. IL-27 is composed of two subunits (p28 and EBI3) and is classified as a member of the IL-12 family of cytokines. APCs have been recognized as a major cellular source of IL-27 following activation with microbial products or IFNs (types I and II). In this review, we describe the current knowledge of the implications of IL-27 during the pathogenesis of infectious and autoimmune diseases. Experimental studies have used genetically targeted IL-27RA-/- mice, EBI3-/- mice, and p28-/- mice or involved study designs with administration of bioengineered IL-27/IL-27RA homologs. Whereas many reports have described that IL-27 suppresses inflammation, we also review the current literature, suggesting promotion of inflammation by IL-27 in some settings. Recent advances have also been made in understanding the cross-talk of cleavage products of the complement system with IL-27-mediated immune responses. Additional data on IL-27 have been obtained recently by observational studies in human patients with acute and chronic inflammatory diseases. Collectively, the findings from the past decade identify IL-27 as a critical immunoregulatory cytokine, especially for T cells, whereas some controversy is fueled by results challenging the view of IL-27 as a classical silencer of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Bosmann
- 1.University of Michigan Medical School, 1301 Catherine Rd., Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5602, USA.
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Oguariri RM, Dai L, Adelsberger JW, Rupert A, Stevens R, Yang J, Huang D, Lempicki RA, Zhou M, Baseler MW, Lane HC, Imamichi T. Interleukin-2 inhibits HIV-1 replication in some human T cell lymphotrophic virus-1-infected cell lines via the induction and incorporation of APOBEC3G into the virion. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:17812-22. [PMID: 23640893 PMCID: PMC3682580 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.468975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2013] [Revised: 04/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
IL-2 has been used in culture of primary T cells to maintain cell proliferation. We have previously reported that IL-27 inhibits HIV-1 replication in primary T cells in the presence of IL-2. To gain a better understanding of the mechanisms involved in this inhibitory effect, we attempted to investigate in detail the effects of IL-27 and IL-2 using several cell lines. Unexpectedly, IL-27 did not inhibit HIV-1 in T cell lines, whereas IL-2 inhibited HIV-1 replication in the human T cell lymphotrophic virus (HTLV)-1-transformed T cell lines, MT-2, MT-4, SLB-1, and ATL-2. No effects were seen in HTLV-1-negative cell lines. Utilizing MT-2 cells, we demonstrated that IL-2 treatment inhibited HIV-1 syncytia-inducing ability and dose-dependently decreased supernatant p24 antigen levels by >90%. Using real time PCR and Western blot analysis, we observed that IL-2 treatment induced the host restriction factor, APOBEC3G with accumulation into the lower molecular mass active form as characterized by FPLC. Further analysis revealed that the virus recovered from IL-2-treated MT-2 cells had impaired replication competency. This was found to be due to incorporation of APOBEC3G into the virion despite the presence of Vif. These findings demonstrate a novel role for IL-2 in regulating production of infectious HIV-1 virions in HTLV-1-infected cells through the induction of APOBEC3G.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphael M. Oguariri
- From the Laboratory of Human Retrovirology
- the Clinical Services Program, Applied and Developmental Directorate, and
| | - Lue Dai
- From the Laboratory of Human Retrovirology
- the Clinical Services Program, Applied and Developmental Directorate, and
| | - Joseph W. Adelsberger
- the AIDS Monitoring Laboratory
- the Clinical Services Program, Applied and Developmental Directorate, and
| | - Adam Rupert
- the AIDS Monitoring Laboratory
- the Clinical Services Program, Applied and Developmental Directorate, and
| | - Randy Stevens
- the AIDS Monitoring Laboratory
- the Clinical Services Program, Applied and Developmental Directorate, and
| | - Jun Yang
- Laboratory of Immunopathogenesis and Bioinformatics
- the Clinical Services Program, Applied and Developmental Directorate, and
| | - Dawei Huang
- Laboratory of Immunopathogenesis and Bioinformatics
- the Clinical Services Program, Applied and Developmental Directorate, and
| | - Richard A. Lempicki
- Laboratory of Immunopathogenesis and Bioinformatics
- the Clinical Services Program, Applied and Developmental Directorate, and
| | - Ming Zhou
- the Laboratory of Proteomics and Analytical Technologies, Advanced Technology Program Directorate Science Applications International Corporation-Frederick, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland 21702 and
| | - Michael W. Baseler
- the AIDS Monitoring Laboratory
- the Clinical Services Program, Applied and Developmental Directorate, and
| | - H. Clifford Lane
- the Laboratory of Immunoregulation, NIAID, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Tomozumi Imamichi
- From the Laboratory of Human Retrovirology
- the Clinical Services Program, Applied and Developmental Directorate, and
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Swaminathan S, Hu X, Zheng X, Kriga Y, Shetty J, Zhao Y, Stephens R, Tran B, Baseler MW, Yang J, Lempicki RA, Huang D, Lane HC, Imamichi T. Interleukin-27 treated human macrophages induce the expression of novel microRNAs which may mediate anti-viral properties. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2013; 434:228-34. [PMID: 23535375 PMCID: PMC3700531 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.03.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2013] [Accepted: 03/18/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-27 (IL-27) is a pleiotropic cytokine which plays important and diverse roles in the immune system. We have previously demonstrated that IL-27 induces potent anti-viral effects against HIV-1, HIV-2, SIV, HSV-2, KSHV and influenza viruses in macrophages. This induction occurred in an interferon (IFN) independent manner and involved down regulation of SPTBN1. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are critical regulators of mRNA translation and turnover. There have been reports that some miRNAs inhibit viral replication. In this study, we hypothesized that IL-27 could induce the expression of novel miRNAs in macrophages which may have functional relevance in terms of anti-viral activity and primary monocytes were differentiated into macrophages using either M-CSF (M-Mac) or a combination of M-CSF and IL-27 (I-Mac) for seven days. Following this, total RNA was extracted from these cells and deep sequencing was performed, in parallel with gene expression microarrays. Using the novel miRNA discovery software, miRDeep, seven novel miRNAs were discovered in these macrophages. Four of which were preferentially expressed in I-Mac (miR-SX1, -SX2, -SX3 and -SX6) whilst three were detected in both M-Mac and I-Mac (miR-SX4, -SX5 and -SX7). The expression of six of the seven novel miRNAs was highly correlated with qRT-PCR using specific primer/probes designed for the novel miRNAs. Gene expression microarray further demonstrated that a number of genes were potentially targeted by these differentially expressed novel miRNAs. Finally, several of these novel miRNAs (miR-SX1, -SX4, -SX5, -SX6 and -SX7) were shown to target the open reading frames of a number of viruses (including HSV-1, HSV-2 and HHV-8) which may partially explain the anti-viral properties observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Swaminathan
- Applied and Developmental Research Directorate, Science Application International Corporation (SAIC)-Frederick, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research (FNLCR), Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Xiaojun Hu
- Applied and Developmental Research Directorate, Science Application International Corporation (SAIC)-Frederick, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research (FNLCR), Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Xin Zheng
- Applied and Developmental Research Directorate, Science Application International Corporation (SAIC)-Frederick, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research (FNLCR), Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Yuliya Kriga
- Advanced Technology Program Directorate, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., FNLCR, Frederick, MD, 21702
| | - Jyoti Shetty
- Advanced Technology Program Directorate, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., FNLCR, Frederick, MD, 21702
| | - Yongmei Zhao
- Information Systems Program Directorate, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., FNLCR, Frederick, MD, 21702
| | - Robert Stephens
- Information Systems Program Directorate, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., FNLCR, Frederick, MD, 21702
| | - Bao Tran
- Advanced Technology Program Directorate, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., FNLCR, Frederick, MD, 21702
| | - Michael W. Baseler
- Applied and Developmental Research Directorate, Science Application International Corporation (SAIC)-Frederick, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research (FNLCR), Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Jun Yang
- Applied and Developmental Research Directorate, Science Application International Corporation (SAIC)-Frederick, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research (FNLCR), Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Richard A. Lempicki
- Applied and Developmental Research Directorate, Science Application International Corporation (SAIC)-Frederick, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research (FNLCR), Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Dawei Huang
- Applied and Developmental Research Directorate, Science Application International Corporation (SAIC)-Frederick, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research (FNLCR), Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - H. Clifford Lane
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Tomozumi Imamichi
- Applied and Developmental Research Directorate, Science Application International Corporation (SAIC)-Frederick, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research (FNLCR), Frederick, MD 21702, USA
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