1
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Chang HF, Cheng JY. Glioblastoma U-87 cell electrotaxis is hindered by doxycycline with a concomitant reduction in the matrix metallopeptidase-9 expression. Biochem Biophys Rep 2024; 38:101690. [PMID: 38571555 PMCID: PMC10987802 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2024.101690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Electric fields (EF) play an essential role in cancer cell migration. Numerous cancer cell types exhibit electrotaxis under direct current electric fields (dcEF) of physiological electric field strength (EFs). This study investigated the effects of doxycycline on the electrotactic responses of U87 cells. After EF stimulation, U87 cells migrated toward the cathode, whereas doxycycline-treated U87 cells exhibited enhanced cell mobility but hindered cathodal migration. We further investigated the expression of the metastasis-correlated proteins matrix metallopeptidase-2 (MMP-2) and MMP-9 in U87 cells. The levels of MMP-2 in the cells were not altered under EF or doxycycline stimulation. In contrast, the EF stimulation greatly enhanced the levels of MMP-9 and then repressed in doxycycline-cotreated cells, accompanied by reduced cathodal migration. Our results demonstrated that an antibiotic at a non-toxic concentration could suppress the enhanced cell migration accelerated by EF of physiological strength. This finding may be applied as an anti-metastatic treatment for cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Fang Chang
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ji-Yen Cheng
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Biophotonics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan
- College of Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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2
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Pavlenko A, Lasota S, Wnuk D, Paw M, Czyż J, Michalik M, Madeja Z. Bronchial Fibroblasts from Asthmatic Patients Display Impaired Responsiveness to Direct Current Electric Fields (dcEFs). Biomedicines 2023; 11:2138. [PMID: 37626635 PMCID: PMC10452584 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11082138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that an important role is played by electric signals in modifying cell behaviour during developmental, regenerative and pathological processes. However, their role in asthma has not yet been addressed. Bronchial fibroblasts have recently been identified having important roles in asthma development. Therefore, we adapted an experimental approach based on the lineages of human bronchial fibroblasts (HBF) derived from non-asthmatic (NA) donors and asthmatic (AS) patients to elucidate whether their reactivity to direct current electric fields (dcEF) could participate in the asthmatic process. The efficient responsiveness of NA HBF to an electric field in the range of 2-4 V/cm was illustrated based on the perpendicular orientation of long axes of the cells to the field lines and their directional movement towards the anode. These responses were related to the activity of TGF-β signalling, as the electrotaxis and re-orientation of NA HBF polarity was impaired by the inhibitors of canonical and non-canonical TGF-β-dependent pathways. A similar tendency towards perpendicular cell-dcEF orientation was observed for AS HBF. However, their motility remained insensitive to the electric field applied at 2-4 V/cm. Collectively, these observations demonstrate the sensitivity of NA HBF to dcEF, as well as the inter-relations between this parameter and the canonical and non-canonical TGF-β pathways, and the differences between the electrotactic responses of NA and AS HBF point to the possible role of their dcEFs in desensitisation in the asthmatic process. This process may impair the physiologic behaviour of AS HBF functions, including cell motility, ECM deposition, and contractility, thus promoting bronchial wall remodelling, which is a characteristic of bronchial asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sławomir Lasota
- Correspondence: (S.L.); (Z.M.); Tel.: +48-126-646-143 (S.L.); +48-126-646-142 (Z.M.)
| | | | | | | | | | - Zbigniew Madeja
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Kraków, Poland; (A.P.); (D.W.); (M.P.); (J.C.); (M.M.)
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3
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Lange F, Porath K, Sellmann T, Einsle A, Jaster R, Linnebacher M, Köhling R, Kirschstein T. Direct-Current Electrical Field Stimulation of Patient-Derived Colorectal Cancer Cells. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1032. [PMID: 37508461 PMCID: PMC10376471 DOI: 10.3390/biology12071032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Several cues for a directional migration of colorectal cancer cells were identified as being crucial in tumor progression. However, galvanotaxis, the directional migration in direct-current electrical fields, has not been investigated so far. Therefore, we asked whether direct-current electrical fields could be used to mobilize colorectal cancer cells along field vectors. For this purpose, five patient-derived low-passage cell lines were exposed to field strengths of 150-250 V/m in vitro, and migration along the field vectors was investigated. To further study the role of voltage-gated calcium channels on galvanotaxis and intracellular signaling pathways that are associated with migration of colorectal cancer cells, the cultures were exposed to selective inhibitors. In three out of five colorectal cancer cell lines, we found a preferred cathodal migration. The cellular integrity of the cells was not impaired by exposure of the cells to the selected field strengths. Galvanotaxis was sensitive to inhibition of voltage-gated calcium channels. Furthermore, signaling pathways such as AKT and MEK, but not STAT3, were also found to contribute to galvanotaxis in our in vitro model system. Overall, we identify electrical fields as an important contributor to the directional migration of colorectal cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Falko Lange
- Oscar-Langendorff-Institute of Physiology, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Katrin Porath
- Oscar-Langendorff-Institute of Physiology, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Tina Sellmann
- Oscar-Langendorff-Institute of Physiology, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Anne Einsle
- Oscar-Langendorff-Institute of Physiology, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Robert Jaster
- Division of Gastroenterology and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine II, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Michael Linnebacher
- Molecular Oncology and Immunotherapy, Clinic of General Surgery, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Köhling
- Oscar-Langendorff-Institute of Physiology, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Timo Kirschstein
- Oscar-Langendorff-Institute of Physiology, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057 Rostock, Germany
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4
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Bola S, Subramanian P, Calzia D, Dahl A, Panfoli I, Funk RHW, Roehlecke C. Analysis of Electric Field Stimulation in Blue Light Stressed 661W Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043433. [PMID: 36834840 PMCID: PMC9965974 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Though electrical stimulation is used as a therapeutic approach to treat retinal and spinal injuries, many protective mechanisms at cellular level have not been elucidated. We performed a detailed analysis of cellular events in blue light (Li) stressed 661W cells, which were subjected to direct current electric field (EF) stimulation. Our findings revealed that EF stimulation induced protective effects in 661W cells from Li-induced stress by multiple defense mechanisms, such as increase in mitochondrial activity, gain in mitochondrial potential, increase in superoxide levels, and the activation of unfolded protein response (UPR) pathways, all leading to an enhanced cell viability and decreased DNA damage. Here, our genetic screen results revealed the UPR pathway to be a promising target to ameliorate Li-induced stress by EF stimulation. Thus, our study is important for a knowledgeable transfer of EF stimulation into clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharanya Bola
- Institute of Anatomy, TU Dresden, D-01304 Dresden, Germany
| | - Pallavi Subramanian
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, TU Dresden, D-01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Daniela Calzia
- Department of Pharmacy—DIFAR, Biochemistry and Physiology Lab., University of Genoa, 16126 Genova, Italy
| | - Andreas Dahl
- Deep Sequencing Group SFB 655, Biotechnology Center, TU Dresden, D-01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Isabella Panfoli
- Department of Pharmacy—DIFAR, Biochemistry and Physiology Lab., University of Genoa, 16126 Genova, Italy
| | - Richard H. W. Funk
- Institute of Anatomy, TU Dresden, D-01304 Dresden, Germany
- Correspondence:
| | - Cora Roehlecke
- Institute of Anatomy, TU Dresden, D-01304 Dresden, Germany
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5
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O’Hara-Wright M, Mobini S, Gonzalez-Cordero A. Bioelectric Potential in Next-Generation Organoids: Electrical Stimulation to Enhance 3D Structures of the Central Nervous System. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:901652. [PMID: 35656553 PMCID: PMC9152151 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.901652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Pluripotent stem cell-derived organoid models of the central nervous system represent one of the most exciting areas in in vitro tissue engineering. Classically, organoids of the brain, retina and spinal cord have been generated via recapitulation of in vivo developmental cues, including biochemical and biomechanical. However, a lesser studied cue, bioelectricity, has been shown to regulate central nervous system development and function. In particular, electrical stimulation of neural cells has generated some important phenotypes relating to development and differentiation. Emerging techniques in bioengineering and biomaterials utilise electrical stimulation using conductive polymers. However, state-of-the-art pluripotent stem cell technology has not yet merged with this exciting area of bioelectricity. Here, we discuss recent findings in the field of bioelectricity relating to the central nervous system, possible mechanisms, and how electrical stimulation may be utilised as a novel technique to engineer “next-generation” organoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle O’Hara-Wright
- Stem Cell Medicine Group, Children’s Medical Research Institute, University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Sahba Mobini
- Instituto de Micro y Nanotecnología, IMN-CNM, CSIC (CEI UAM + CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Anai Gonzalez-Cordero
- Stem Cell Medicine Group, Children’s Medical Research Institute, University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia
- *Correspondence: Anai Gonzalez-Cordero,
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Lange F, Venus J, Shams Esfand Abady D, Porath K, Einsle A, Sellmann T, Neubert V, Reichart G, Linnebacher M, Köhling R, Kirschstein T. Galvanotactic Migration of Glioblastoma and Brain Metastases Cells. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12040580. [PMID: 35455071 PMCID: PMC9027426 DOI: 10.3390/life12040580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Galvanotaxis, the migration along direct current electrical fields, may contribute to the invasion of brain cancer cells in the tumor-surrounding tissue. We hypothesized that pharmacological perturbation of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor and downstream phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT pathway prevent galvanotactic migration. In our study, patient-derived glioblastoma and brain metastases cells were exposed to direct current electrical field conditions. Velocity and direction of migration were estimated. To determine the effects of EGF receptor antagonist afatinib and AKT inhibitor capivasertib, assays of cell proliferation, apoptosis and immunoblot analyses were performed. Both inhibitors attenuated cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner and induced apoptosis. We found that most of the glioblastoma cells migrated preferentially in an anodal direction, while brain metastases cells were unaffected by direct current stimulations. Afatinib presented only a mild attenuation of galvanotaxis. In contrast, capivasertib abolished the migration of glioblastoma cells without genetic alterations in the PI3K/AKT pathway, but not in cells harboring PTEN mutation. In these cells, an increase in the activation of ERK1/2 may in part substitute the inhibition of the AKT pathway. Overall, our data demonstrate that glioblastoma cells migrate in the electrical field and the PI3K/AKT pathway was found to be highly involved in galvanotaxis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Falko Lange
- Oscar-Langendorff-Institute of Physiology, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057 Rostock, Germany; (J.V.); (D.S.E.A.); (K.P.); (A.E.); (T.S.); (V.N.); (G.R.); (R.K.); (T.K.)
- Center for Transdisciplinary Neurosciences Rostock, University of Rostock, 18147 Rostock, Germany
- Correspondence:
| | - Jakob Venus
- Oscar-Langendorff-Institute of Physiology, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057 Rostock, Germany; (J.V.); (D.S.E.A.); (K.P.); (A.E.); (T.S.); (V.N.); (G.R.); (R.K.); (T.K.)
| | - Daria Shams Esfand Abady
- Oscar-Langendorff-Institute of Physiology, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057 Rostock, Germany; (J.V.); (D.S.E.A.); (K.P.); (A.E.); (T.S.); (V.N.); (G.R.); (R.K.); (T.K.)
| | - Katrin Porath
- Oscar-Langendorff-Institute of Physiology, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057 Rostock, Germany; (J.V.); (D.S.E.A.); (K.P.); (A.E.); (T.S.); (V.N.); (G.R.); (R.K.); (T.K.)
| | - Anne Einsle
- Oscar-Langendorff-Institute of Physiology, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057 Rostock, Germany; (J.V.); (D.S.E.A.); (K.P.); (A.E.); (T.S.); (V.N.); (G.R.); (R.K.); (T.K.)
| | - Tina Sellmann
- Oscar-Langendorff-Institute of Physiology, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057 Rostock, Germany; (J.V.); (D.S.E.A.); (K.P.); (A.E.); (T.S.); (V.N.); (G.R.); (R.K.); (T.K.)
| | - Valentin Neubert
- Oscar-Langendorff-Institute of Physiology, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057 Rostock, Germany; (J.V.); (D.S.E.A.); (K.P.); (A.E.); (T.S.); (V.N.); (G.R.); (R.K.); (T.K.)
| | - Gesine Reichart
- Oscar-Langendorff-Institute of Physiology, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057 Rostock, Germany; (J.V.); (D.S.E.A.); (K.P.); (A.E.); (T.S.); (V.N.); (G.R.); (R.K.); (T.K.)
| | - Michael Linnebacher
- Molecular Oncology and Immunotherapy, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057 Rostock, Germany;
| | - Rüdiger Köhling
- Oscar-Langendorff-Institute of Physiology, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057 Rostock, Germany; (J.V.); (D.S.E.A.); (K.P.); (A.E.); (T.S.); (V.N.); (G.R.); (R.K.); (T.K.)
- Center for Transdisciplinary Neurosciences Rostock, University of Rostock, 18147 Rostock, Germany
| | - Timo Kirschstein
- Oscar-Langendorff-Institute of Physiology, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057 Rostock, Germany; (J.V.); (D.S.E.A.); (K.P.); (A.E.); (T.S.); (V.N.); (G.R.); (R.K.); (T.K.)
- Center for Transdisciplinary Neurosciences Rostock, University of Rostock, 18147 Rostock, Germany
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7
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Physiological Electric Field: A Potential Construction Regulator of Human Brain Organoids. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073877. [PMID: 35409232 PMCID: PMC8999182 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain organoids can reproduce the regional three-dimensional (3D) tissue structure of human brains, following the in vivo developmental trajectory at the cellular level; therefore, they are considered to present one of the best brain simulation model systems. By briefly summarizing the latest research concerning brain organoid construction methods, the basic principles, and challenges, this review intends to identify the potential role of the physiological electric field (EF) in the construction of brain organoids because of its important regulatory function in neurogenesis. EFs could initiate neural tissue formation, inducing the neuronal differentiation of NSCs, both of which capabilities make it an important element of the in vitro construction of brain organoids. More importantly, by adjusting the stimulation protocol and special/temporal distributions of EFs, neural organoids might be created following a predesigned 3D framework, particularly a specific neural network, because this promotes the orderly growth of neural processes, coordinate neuronal migration and maturation, and stimulate synapse and myelin sheath formation. Thus, the application of EF for constructing brain organoids in a3D matrix could be a promising future direction in neural tissue engineering.
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8
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Guan L, Fan P, Liu X, Liu R, Liu Y, Bai H. Migration of Human Renal Tubular Epithelial Cells in Response to Physiological Electric Signals. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:724012. [PMID: 34595174 PMCID: PMC8476913 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.724012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Restoration of proximal tubular cell integrity and function after ischemic injury involves cell migration and proliferation. Endogenous fields are present during embryonic development and wound healing. Electric field (EF)-induced effects on cell migration have been observed in many cell types. This study investigated the effect of physiological direct current EF (dc EF) on the motility of renal epithelial cells. Human renal tubular epithelial (HK-2) and human-derived renal epithelial (HEK-293) cells were exposed to dc EF at physiological magnitude. Cell images were recorded and analyzed using an image analyzer. Cell lysates were used to detect protein expression by western blot. Scratch wounds were created in monolayers of HK-2 cells, and wound areas of cells were measured in response to EF exposure. Cells migrated significantly faster in the presence of an EF and toward the cathode. Application of an EF led to activation of the Erk1/2, p38 MAPK, and Akt signaling pathways. Pharmacological inhibition of Erk1/2, p38 MAPK, and Akt impaired EF-induced migratory responses, such as motility rate and directedness. In addition, exposure of the monolayers to EF enhanced EF-induced HK-2 wound healing. Our results suggest that EFs augment the rate of single renal epithelium migration and induce cell cathodal migration through activation of Erk1/2, p38 MAPK, and Akt signaling. Moreover, exposure of the renal epithelium to EF facilitated closure of in vitro small wounds by enhancing cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linbo Guan
- Laboratory of Genetic Disease and Perinatal Medicine, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of the Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ping Fan
- Laboratory of Genetic Disease and Perinatal Medicine, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of the Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xinghui Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Rui Liu
- Division of Peptides Related with Human Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, West China School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Huai Bai
- Laboratory of Genetic Disease and Perinatal Medicine, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of the Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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9
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Moarefian M, Davalos RV, Burton MD, Jones CN. Electrotaxis-on-Chip to Quantify Neutrophil Migration Towards Electrochemical Gradients. Front Immunol 2021; 12:674727. [PMID: 34421891 PMCID: PMC8379007 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.674727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Electric fields are generated in vivo in a variety of physiologic and pathologic settings, including wound healing and immune response to injuries to epithelial barriers (e.g. lung pneumocytes). Immune cells are known to migrate towards both chemical (chemotaxis), physical (mechanotaxis) and electric stimuli (electrotaxis). Electrotaxis is the guided migration of cells along electric fields, and has previously been reported in T-cells and cancer cells. However, there remains a need for engineering tools with high spatial and temporal resolution to quantify EF guided migration. Here we report the development of an electrotaxis-on-chip (ETOC) platform that enables the quantification of dHL-60 cell, a model neutrophil-like cell line, migration toward both electrical and chemoattractant gradients. Neutrophils are the most abundant white blood cells and set the stage for the magnitude of the immune response. Therefore, developing engineering tools to direct neutrophil migration patterns has applications in both infectious disease and inflammatory disorders. The ETOC developed in this study has embedded electrodes and four migration zones connected to a central cell-loading chamber with migration channels [10 µm X 10 µm]. This device enables both parallel and competing chemoattractant and electric fields. We use our novel ETOC platform to investigate dHL-60 cell migration in three biologically relevant conditions: 1) in a DC electric field; 2) parallel chemical gradient and electric fields; and 3) perpendicular chemical gradient and electric field. In this study we used differentiated leukemia cancer cells (dHL60 cells), an accepted model for human peripheral blood neutrophils. We first quantified effects of electric field intensities (0.4V/cm-1V/cm) on dHL-60 cell electrotaxis. Our results show optimal migration at 0.6 V/cm. In the second scenario, we tested whether it was possible to increase dHL-60 cell migration to a bacterial signal [N-formylated peptides (fMLP)] by adding a parallel electric field. Our results show that there was significant increase (6-fold increase) in dHL60 migration toward fMLP and cathode of DC electric field (0.6V/cm, n=4, p-value<0.005) vs. fMLP alone. Finally, we evaluated whether we could decrease or re-direct dHL-60 cell migration away from an inflammatory signal [leukotriene B4 (LTB4)]. The perpendicular electric field significantly decreased migration (2.9-fold decrease) of dHL60s toward LTB4vs. LTB4 alone. Our microfluidic device enabled us to quantify single-cell electrotaxis velocity (7.9 µm/min ± 3.6). The magnitude and direction of the electric field can be more precisely and quickly changed than most other guidance cues such as chemical cues in clinical investigation. A better understanding of EF guided cell migration will enable the development of new EF-based treatments to precisely direct immune cell migration for wound care, infection, and other inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Moarefian
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Rafael V. Davalos
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Michael D. Burton
- Department of Neuroscience, Neuroimmunology and Behavior Group, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, United States
| | - Caroline N. Jones
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, United States
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10
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Clancy H, Pruski M, Lang B, Ching J, McCaig CD. Glioblastoma cell migration is directed by electrical signals. Exp Cell Res 2021; 406:112736. [PMID: 34273404 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2021.112736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Electric field (EF) directed cell migration (electrotaxis) is known to occur in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) and neural stem cells, with key signalling pathways frequently dysregulated in GBM. One such pathway is EGFR/PI3K/Akt, which is down-regulated by peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) agonists. We investigated the effect of electric fields on primary differentiated and glioma stem cell (GSCs) migration, finding opposing preferences for anodal and cathodal migration, respectively. We next sought to determine whether chemically disrupting Akt through PTEN upregulation with the PPARγ agonist, pioglitazone, would modulate electrotaxis of these cells. We found that directed cell migration was significantly inhibited with the addition of pioglitazone in both differentiated GBM and GSCs subtypes. Western blot analysis did not demonstrate any change in PPARγ expression with and without exposure to EF. In summary we demonstrate opposing EF responses in primary GBM differentiated cells and GSCs can be inhibited chemically by pioglitazone, implicating GBM EF modulation as a potential target in preventing tumour recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Clancy
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Michal Pruski
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom; School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bing Lang
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Jared Ching
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom; John Van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
| | - Colin D McCaig
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom.
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11
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Muttaqin A, Syukur S, Yulkifli Y, Alimuddin T. Direct-current electric field effect on the viability of HeLa cell line. Electromagn Biol Med 2020; 40:41-48. [PMID: 33183075 DOI: 10.1080/15368378.2020.1846193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Electric fields affect cell life, cancer cells are not spared. Research on the effectiveness of electric fields on the life of cancer cells is carried out using HeLa cells as target cells receiving an electric-field treatment for 24 h. This study is a laboratory experimental study of the viability of cancer cells (HeLa cells), measured by employing the MTT assay method. Experiments are carried out by administering a low direct-current electric field utilizing a couple of aluminum electrode plates on the HeLa cell line, planted in a micro-culture plate with voltages ranging from 46.67 V/m to 600.00 V/m. The dcEF was found to have a profound inhibitory effect on HeLa cell line viability, except at dcEF 93.33 V/m which shows anomalies, in the form of increased viability over control viability (115%). The mortality index reaches almost 100% when induced by dcEF>300.00 V/m. It was observed that the HeLa cell size is larger after dcEF induction was applied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afdhal Muttaqin
- Program Studi Ilmu Biomedik, Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Andalas Indonesia , Padang, Indonesia
| | - Sumaryati Syukur
- Program Studi Ilmu Biomedik, Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Andalas Indonesia , Padang, Indonesia
| | - Yulkifli Yulkifli
- Program Studi Ilmu Biomedik, Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Andalas Indonesia , Padang, Indonesia
| | - Tofrizal Alimuddin
- Program Studi Ilmu Biomedik, Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Andalas Indonesia , Padang, Indonesia
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12
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Jia N, Liu J, Zhu G, Liang Y, Wang Y, Wang W, Chen Y, Yang J, Zhang W, Zhang J. Polarization of ADAM17-driven EGFR signalling in electric field-guided collective migration of epidermal sheets. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:14073-14085. [PMID: 33164313 PMCID: PMC7753989 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Endogenous electric field is considered to play an important role in promoting collective migration of epidermis to the wound centre. However, most studies are focused on the effect of bioelectric field on the movement and migration of single epithelial cell; the molecular mechanisms about collective migration of epidermal monolayers remain unclear. Here, we found that EFs dramatically promoted the collective migration of HaCaT cells towards the anode, activated the sheddase activity of ADAM17 and increased the phosphorylation level of EGFR. Moreover, EGFR phosphorylation and HB‐EGF shedding level were significantly decreased by the ADAM17 inhibitor TAPI‐2 or siADAM17 under EFs, which subsequently attenuated the directed migration of HaCaT sheets. Notably, the inhibition of EF‐regulated collective migration by siADAM17 was rescued by addition of recombinant HB‐EGF. Furthermore, we observed that F‐actin was dynamically polarized along the leading edge of the migrated sheets under EFs and that this polarization was regulated by ADAM17/HB‐EGF/EGFR signalling. In conclusion, our study indicated that ADAM17 contributed to the collective directional movement of the epidermal monolayer by driving HB‐EGF release and activating EGFR under EFs, and this pathway also mediated the polarization of F‐actin in migrating sheets, which is essential in directional migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naixin Jia
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development, Ministry of Education, Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.,Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University(Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University(Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Guoqin Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development, Ministry of Education, Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.,Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University(Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Yi Liang
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University(Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University(Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Weiyi Wang
- Dalian Rehabilitation Recuperation Center of PLA Joint Logistics Support Force, Dalian, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University(Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Jinrui Yang
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University(Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Wangjun Zhang
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jiaping Zhang
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University(Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
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Li L, Hu C, Lu C, Zhang K, Han R, Lin C, Zhao S, A C, Cheng C, Zhao M, He Y. Applied electric fields suppress osimertinib-induced cytotoxicity via inhibiting FOXO3a nuclear translocation through AKT activation. Carcinogenesis 2020; 41:600-610. [PMID: 31504249 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgz150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Osimertinib is a third-generation epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor against T790M-mutant non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Acquired resistance to osimertinib is a growing clinical challenge that is not fully understood. Endogenous electric fields (EFs), components of the tumor microenvironment, are associated with cancer cell migration and proliferation. However, the impact of EFs on drug efficiency has not been studied. In this study, we observed that EFs counteracted the effects of osimertinib. EFs of 100 mV/mm suppressed osimertinib-induced cell death and promoted cell proliferation. Transcriptional analysis revealed that the expression pattern induced by osimertinib was altered by EFs stimulation. KEGG analysis showed that differential expression genes were mostly enriched in PI3K-AKT pathway. Then, we found that osimertinib inhibited AKT phosphorylation, while EFs stimulation resulted in significant activation of AKT, which could override the effects generated by osimertinib. Importantly, pharmacological inhibition of PI3K/AKT by LY294002 diminished EF-induced activation of AKT and restored the cytotoxicity of osimertinib suppressed by EFs, which proved that AKT activation was essential for EFs to attenuate the efficacy of osimertinib. Furthermore, activation of AKT by EFs led to phosphorylation of forkhead box O3a (FOXO3a), and reduction in nuclear translocation of FOXO3a induced by osimertinib, resulting in decreased expression of Bim and attenuated cytotoxicity of osimertinib. Taken together, we demonstrated that EFs suppressed the antitumor activity of osimertinib through AKT/FOXO3a/Bim pathway, and combination of PI3K/AKT inhibitor with osimertinib counteracted the effects of EFs. Our findings provided preliminary data for therapeutic strategies to enhance osimertinib efficacy in NSCLC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chen Hu
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Conghua Lu
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Kejun Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Rui Han
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Caiyu Lin
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Sanjun Zhao
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, China
| | - Chunxian A
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, China
| | | | - Min Zhao
- Department of Dermatology, Department of Ophthalmology, Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Yong He
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Caramazza L, De Angelis A, Remondini D, Castellani G, Liberti M, Apollonio F, Zironi I. Galvanotactic Phenomenon Induced by Non-Contact Electrostatic Field: Investigation in a Scratch Assay. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2020; 2020:2520-2523. [PMID: 33018519 DOI: 10.1109/embc44109.2020.9175695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Non-contact galvanotaxis as a way to drive the cells migration could be a promising tool for a variety of biomedical applications, such as wound healing control, avoiding the interaction between electrodes and cell cultures. To this regard, the efficacy of this electrical stimulus application has to be deeper studied to control physiological migratory phenomena in a remote way.Aim of this work is to provide an experimental investigation on the mobility of cells exposed to a static electric field in a "noncontact" mode, supported by a suitable modeling of the electric field distribution inside the experimental setup. In particular, scratch assays have been carried out placing the electrodes outside the cells medium support and changing the cells holder to study more than one configuration.Clinical Relevance- In this study the in vitro experiments on the non-contact galvanotaxis, together with the numerical simulations of the exposure setup, provide a way to investigate the effects that could affect an electrically drive cell migration.
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Tsai HF, IJspeert C, Shen AQ. Voltage-gated ion channels mediate the electrotaxis of glioblastoma cells in a hybrid PMMA/PDMS microdevice. APL Bioeng 2020; 4:036102. [PMID: 32637857 PMCID: PMC7332302 DOI: 10.1063/5.0004893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Transformed astrocytes in the most aggressive form cause glioblastoma, the most common cancer in the central nervous system with high mortality. The physiological electric field by neuronal local field potentials and tissue polarity may guide the infiltration of glioblastoma cells through the electrotaxis process. However, microenvironments with multiplex gradients are difficult to create. In this work, we have developed a hybrid microfluidic platform to study glioblastoma electrotaxis in controlled microenvironments with high throughput quantitative analysis by machine learning-powered single cell tracking software. By equalizing the hydrostatic pressure difference between inlets and outlets of the microchannel, uniform single cells can be seeded reliably inside the microdevice. The electrotaxis of two glioblastoma models, T98G and U-251MG, requires an optimal laminin-containing extracellular matrix and exhibits opposite directional and electro-alignment tendencies. Calcium signaling is a key contributor in glioblastoma pathophysiology but its role in glioblastoma electrotaxis is still an open question. Anodal T98G electrotaxis and cathodal U-251MG electrotaxis require the presence of extracellular calcium cations. U-251MG electrotaxis is dependent on the P/Q-type voltage-gated calcium channel (VGCC) and T98G is dependent on the R-type VGCC. U-251MG electrotaxis and T98G electrotaxis are also mediated by A-type (rapidly inactivating) voltage-gated potassium channels and acid-sensing sodium channels. The involvement of multiple ion channels suggests that the glioblastoma electrotaxis is complex and patient-specific ion channel expression can be critical to develop personalized therapeutics to fight against cancer metastasis. The hybrid microfluidic design and machine learning-powered single cell analysis provide a simple and flexible platform for quantitative investigation of complicated biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsieh-Fu Tsai
- Micro/Bio/Nanofluidics Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
| | - Camilo IJspeert
- Micro/Bio/Nanofluidics Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
| | - Amy Q. Shen
- Micro/Bio/Nanofluidics Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
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Hub Proteins Involved in RAW 264.7 Macrophages Exposed to Direct Current Electric Field. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21124505. [PMID: 32599940 PMCID: PMC7352442 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
At present, studies on macrophage proteins mainly focus on biological stimuli, with less attention paid to the responses of macrophage proteins to physical stimuli, such as electric fields. Here, we exploited the electric field-sensitive hub proteins of macrophages. RAW 264.7 macrophages were treated with a direct current electric field (dcEF) (200 mV/mm) for four hours, followed by RNA-Seq analysis. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were obtained, followed by Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway (KEGG) and protein–protein interaction (PPI) analysis. Eight qPCR-verified DEGs were selected. Subsequently, three-dimensional protein models of DEGs were modeled by Modeller and Rosetta, followed by molecular dynamics simulation for 200 ns with GROMACS. Finally, dcEFs (10, 50, and 500 mV/mm) were used to simulate the molecular dynamics of DEG proteins for 200 ns, followed by trajectory analysis. The dcEF has no obvious effect on RAW 264.7 morphology. A total of 689 DEGs were obtained, and enrichment analysis showed that the steroid biosynthesis pathway was most affected by the dcEF. Moreover, the three-dimensional protein structures of hub proteins were constructed, and trajectory analysis suggested that the dcEF caused an increase in the atomic motion of the protein in a dcEF-intensity-dependent manner. Overall, we provide new clues and a basis for investigating the hub proteins of macrophages in response to electric field stimulation.
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Cellular processes involved in lung cancer cells exposed to direct current electric field. Sci Rep 2020; 10:5289. [PMID: 32210363 PMCID: PMC7093422 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-62332-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
With the rapid breakthrough of electrochemical treatment of tumors, electric field (EF)-sensitive genes, previously rarely exploited, have become an emerging field recently. Here, we reported our work for the identification of EF-sensitive genes in lung cancer cells. The gene expression profile (GSE33845), in which the human lung cancer CL1-0 cells were treated with a direct current electric field (dcEF) (300 mV/mm) for 2 h, was retrieved from GEO database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were acquired, followed by Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway (KEGG) and protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis. Hub genes were acquired and analyzed by various tools including the Human Protein Atlas, Kaplan-Meier analysis, Cytoscape, FunRich, Oncomine and cBioPortal. Subsequently, three-dimensional protein models of hub genes were modeled by Modeller 9.20 and Rosetta 3.9. Finally, a 100 ns molecular dynamics simulation for each hub protein was performed with GROMACS 2018.2. A total of 257 DEGs were acquired and analyzed by GO, KEGG and PPI. Then, 10 hub genes were obtained, and the signal pathway analysis showed that two inflammatory pathways were activated: the FoxO signaling pathway and the AGE-RAGE signaling pathway. The molecular dynamic analysis including RMSD and the radius of gyration hinted that the 3D structures of hub proteins were built. Overall, our work identified EF-sensitive genes in lung cancer cells and identified that the inflammatory state of tumor cells may be involved in the feedback mechanism of lung cancer cells in response to electric field stimulation. In addition, qualified three-dimensional protein models of hub genes were also constructed, which will be helpful in understanding the complex effects of dcEF on human lung cancer CL1-0 cells.
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Chen X, Wang T, Le W, Huang X, Gao M, Chen Q, Xu S, Yin D, Fu Q, Shao C, Chen B, Shi D. Smart Sorting of Tumor Phenotype with Versatile Fluorescent Ag Nanoclusters by Sensing Specific Reactive Oxygen Species. Am J Cancer Res 2020; 10:3430-3450. [PMID: 32206100 PMCID: PMC7069096 DOI: 10.7150/thno.38422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a crucial role in cancer formation and development, especially cancer metastasis. However, lack of a precise tool, which could accurately distinguish specific types of ROS, restricts an in-depth study of ROS in cancer development and progression. Herein, we designed smart and versatile fluorescent Ag nanoclusters (AgNCs) for sensitive and selective detection of different species of ROS in cells and tissues. Methods: Firstly, dual-emission fluorescent AgNCs was synthesized by using bovine serum albumin (BSA) to sense different types of ROS (H2O2, O2•-, •OH). The responsiveness of the AgNCs to different species of ROS was explored by fluorescence spectrum, hydrodynamic diameter, and so on. Furthermore, dual-emission fluorescent AgNCs was used to sense ROS in tumor with different degrees of differentiation. Finally, the relationship between specific types of ROS and tumor cell invasion was explored by cell migration ability and the expression of cell adhesion and EMT markers. Results: This dual-emission fluorescent AgNCs possessed an excellent ability to sensitively and selectively distinguish highly reactive oxygen species (hROS, including O2•-and •OH) from moderate reactive oxygen species (the form of H2O2), and exhibited no fluoresence and green fluorescence, respectively. The emission of AgNCs is effective in detecting cellular and tissular ROS. When cultured with AgNCs, malignant tumor cells exhibit non-fluorescence, while the benign tumor emits green and reduced red light and the normal cells appear in weak green and bright red fluorescence. We further verified that not just H2O2 but specific species of ROS (O2•-and •OH) were involved in cell invasion and malignant transformation. Our study warrants further research on the role of ROS in physiological and pathophysiological processes. Conclusion: Taken together, AgNCs would be a promising approach for sensing ROS, and offer an intelligent tool to detect different kinds of ROS in tumors.
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Naskar S, Kumaran V, Markandeya YS, Mehta B, Basu B. Neurogenesis-on-Chip: Electric field modulated transdifferentiation of human mesenchymal stem cell and mouse muscle precursor cell coculture. Biomaterials 2019; 226:119522. [PMID: 31669894 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.119522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A number of bioengineering strategies, using biophysical stimulation, are being explored to guide the human mesenchymal stem cells (hMScs) into different lineages. In this context, we have limited understanding on the transdifferentiation of matured cells to another functional-cell type, when grown with stem cells, in a constrained cellular microenvironment under biophysical stimulation. While addressing such aspects, the present work reports the influence of the electric field (EF) stimulation on the phenotypic and functionality modulation of the coculture of murine myoblasts (C2C12) with hMScs [hMSc:C2C12=1:10] in a custom designed polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) based microfluidic device with in-built metal electrodes. The quantitative and qualitative analysis of the immunofluorescence study confirms that the cocultured cells in the conditioned medium with astrocytic feed, exhibit differentiation towards neural-committed cells under biophysical stimulation in the range of the endogenous physiological electric field strength (8 ± 0.06 mV/mm). The control experiments using similar culture protocols revealed that while C2C12 monoculture exhibited myotube-like fused structures, the hMScs exhibited the neurosphere-like clusters with SOX2, nestin, βIII-tubulin expression. The electrophysiological study indicates the significant role of intercellular calcium signalling among the differentiated cells towards transdifferentiation. Furthermore, the depolarization induced calcium influx strongly supports neural-like behaviour for the electric field stimulated cells in coculture. The intriguing results are explained in terms of the paracrine signalling among the transdifferentiated cells in the electric field stimulated cellular microenvironment. In summary, the present study establishes the potential for neurogenesis on-chip for the coculture of hMSc and C2C12 cells under tailored electric field stimulation, in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharmistha Naskar
- Centre for Biosystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India; Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India; Laboratory for Biomaterials, Materials Research Centre, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India; Centres of Excellence and Innovation in Biotechnology - Translational Centre on Biomaterials for Orthopaedic and Dental Applications, Materials Research Centre, IISc, Bangalore, India
| | - Viswanathan Kumaran
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | - Yogananda S Markandeya
- Department of Biophysics, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, 560029, India
| | - Bhupesh Mehta
- Department of Biophysics, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, 560029, India
| | - Bikramjit Basu
- Centre for Biosystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India; Laboratory for Biomaterials, Materials Research Centre, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India; Centres of Excellence and Innovation in Biotechnology - Translational Centre on Biomaterials for Orthopaedic and Dental Applications, Materials Research Centre, IISc, Bangalore, India.
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Ni Q, Fan Y, Zhang X, Fan H, Li Y. In vitro and in vivo Study on Glioma Treatment Enhancement by Combining Temozolomide with Calycosin and Formononetin. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 242:111699. [PMID: 31005632 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Astragalina alpestris is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine with anti-inflammatory, anti-immune, anti-tumor and other pharmacological effects. Calycosin and formononetin (FMN) are two natural compounds isolated from astragalus. It has been shown that calycosin and FMN are active anti-tumor ingredient. AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of this current work was to study the therapeutic enhancement of temozolomide (TMZ) on gliomavia combining with calycosin and FMN. MATERIALS AND METHODS The effect of co-administration via hematoxylin-eosin staining (HE staining) was determined by measuring cell proliferation toxicity with the 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide, Thiazolyl Blue Tetrazolium Bromide (MTT) assay and sequentially observing the cell morphology. To synchronously explore the effect of migration on C6, transwell assay and wound healing assay were performed. Apoptosis was measured by Annexin V/propidium iodide (PI) staining. Meanwhile, western blot was used to investigate proteins involved in the mechanisms for migration and apoptosis. Furthermore, HE staining and immunohistochemistry were also analyzed for curative effect in vivo. RESULTS The efficacy of TMZ on glioma could be enhanced by combining with calycosin and FMN through inhibiting the proliferation and migration of glioma cells and promoting their apoptosis. Western blot assays indicated that expression of apoptotic proteins (Bcl-2 Associated XProtein (Bax), Cleaved Caspase-3, Cleaved Caspase-9) were up-regulated. Anti-apoptotic protein (B-cell lymphoma-2,Bcl-2) was down-regulated. The migratory proteins (Matrix metallopeptidase 2, 9, MMP-2, MMP-9) was downregulated. In vivo study, this kind of co-administration (calycosin, FMN, and TMZ) exhibited the marked therapeutic effect on glioma. CONCLUSIONS This study has identified that calycosin and FMN can increase the treatment effect of TMZ in vitro and in vivo. These attractive features substantially broadened the application range of TMZ as a glioma treatment medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Ni
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology Lab, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210006, China
| | - Yani Fan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology Lab, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210006, China
| | - Xiong Zhang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology Lab, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210006, China
| | - Hongwei Fan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology Lab, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210006, China.
| | - Yingbin Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210011, China.
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Electrotaxis of Glioblastoma and Medulloblastoma Spheroidal Aggregates. Sci Rep 2019; 9:5309. [PMID: 30926929 PMCID: PMC6441013 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-41505-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment of neuroepithelial cancers remains a daunting clinical challenge, particularly due to an inability to address rampant invasion deep into eloquent regions of the brain. Given the lack of access, and the dispersed nature of brain tumor cells, we explore the possibility of electric fields inducing directed tumor cell migration. In this study we investigate the properties of populations of brain cancer undergoing electrotaxis, a phenomenon whereby cells are directed to migrate under control of an electrical field. We investigate two cell lines for glioblastoma and medulloblastoma (U87mg & DAOY, respectively), plated as spheroidal aggregates in Matrigel-filled electrotaxis channels, and report opposing electrotactic responses. To further understand electrotactic migration of tumor cells, we performed RNA-sequencing for pathway discovery to identify signaling that is differentially affected by the exposure of direct-current electrical fields. Further, using selective pharmacological inhibition assays, focused on the PI3K/mTOR/AKT signaling axis, we validate whether there is a causal relationship to electrotaxis and these mechanisms of action. We find that U87 mg electrotaxis is abolished under pharmacological inhibition of PI3Kγ, mTOR, AKT and ErbB2 signaling, whereas DAOY cell electrotaxis was not attenuated by these or other pathways evaluated.
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22
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Yang C, Wang L, Weng W, Wang S, Ma Y, Mao Q, Gao G, Chen R, Feng J. Steered migration and changed morphology of human astrocytes by an applied electric field. Exp Cell Res 2018; 374:282-289. [PMID: 30508512 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2018.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Direct current electric field (DC EF) plays a role in influencing the biological behaviors and functions of cells. We hypothesize that human astrocytes (HAs) could also be influenced in EF. Astrocytes, an important type of nerve cells with a high proportion quantitatively, are generally activated and largely decide the brain repair results after brain injury. So far, no electrotaxis study on HAs has been performed. We here obtained HAs derived from brain trauma patients. After purification and identification, HAs were seeded in the EF chamber and recorded in a time-lapse image system. LY294002 and U0126 were then used to probe the role of PI3K or ERK signaling pathway on cellular behaviors. The results showed that HAs could be guided to migrate to the anode in DC EFs, in a voltage-dependent manner. The HAs displayed elongated cell bodies and reoriented perpendicularly to the EF in morphology. When treated with LY294002 or U0126, alternation of parameters such as cellular verticality, track speed, displacement speed, long axis, vertical length and circularity were inhibited partly as expected, while the EF-induced directedness was not terminated even at a high drug dosage which was not consistent with previous electrotaxis studies. In conclusion, applied EFs steered the patient-derived HAs directional migration and changed morphology, in which PI3K and ERK pathways at least partially participate. The characteristics of HAs to EF stimulation may be involved in wound healing and neural regeneration, which could be utilized as a novel treatment strategy in brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, People's Republic of China; Shanghai Institute of Head Trauma, Shanghai 200127, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai 264000, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiji Weng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, People's Republic of China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Institute of Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, People's Republic of China
| | - Shen Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, People's Republic of China; Shanghai Institute of Head Trauma, Shanghai 200127, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxiao Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, People's Republic of China; Shanghai Institute of Head Trauma, Shanghai 200127, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Mao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, People's Republic of China; Shanghai Institute of Head Trauma, Shanghai 200127, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoyi Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Chen
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, People's Republic of China.
| | - Junfeng Feng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, People's Republic of China; Shanghai Institute of Head Trauma, Shanghai 200127, People's Republic of China.
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Li Y, Xu T, Chen X, Lin S, Cho M, Sun D, Yang M. Effects of direct current electric fields on lung cancer cell electrotaxis in a PMMA-based microfluidic device. Anal Bioanal Chem 2017; 409:2163-2178. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-016-0162-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2016] [Revised: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Yang Z, Xie Q, Hu CL, Jiang Q, Shen HF, Schachner M, Zhao WJ. CHL1 Is Expressed and Functions as a Malignancy Promoter in Glioma Cells. Front Mol Neurosci 2017; 10:324. [PMID: 29089868 PMCID: PMC5650976 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2017.00324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The cell adhesion molecule with homology to L1CAM (close homolog of L1) (CHL1) is a member of the cell adhesion molecule L1 (L1CAM) gene family. Although CHL1 expression and function have been reported in several tumors, the roles of CHL1 in the development of glioma remain unclear. In the present study, we investigated the effects of CHL1 on proliferation indexes and activation of Akt1 and Erk signaling by siRNA in U-87 MG human glioblastoma and human U251 and SHG-44 glioma cells. We found that siRNA targeting CHL1 significantly down-regulated the expression of CHL1 mRNA and protein accompanied by reduced cell proliferation and transmigration invasion in all three cell lines. Down-regulating CHL1 expression also reduced cell survival, as measured by the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, and increased activation of caspase-3. In subcutaneous U-87 MG cell xenograft tumors in nude mice, intratumoral administration of siRNA targeting CHL1 treatment significantly down-regulated CHL1 expression in vivo, accompanied by increased levels of activated caspase-3. Our combined results confirmed for the first time that in contrast to findings about CHL1 in most other cancer types, CHL1 functions in promoting cell proliferation, metastasis and migration in human glioma cells both in vitro and in vivo. These results indicate that CHL1 is a therapeutic target in the clinical management of glioma/glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhai Yang
- Center for Neuroscience, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Qing Xie
- Center for Neuroscience, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Cheng-Liang Hu
- Center for Neuroscience, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Qiong Jiang
- Center for Neuroscience, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Hui-Fan Shen
- Center for Neuroscience, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Melitta Schachner
- Center for Neuroscience, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
- Keck Center for Collaborative Neuroscience and Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, United States
- *Correspondence: Melitta Schachner Wei-Jiang Zhao
| | - Wei-Jiang Zhao
- Center for Neuroscience, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
- *Correspondence: Melitta Schachner Wei-Jiang Zhao
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25
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Brinkman CL, Schmidt-Malan SM, Karau MJ, Greenwood-Quaintance K, Hassett DJ, Mandrekar JN, Patel R. Exposure of Bacterial Biofilms to Electrical Current Leads to Cell Death Mediated in Part by Reactive Oxygen Species. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0168595. [PMID: 27992529 PMCID: PMC5167413 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0168595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial biofilms may form on indwelling medical devices such as prosthetic joints, heart valves and catheters, causing challenging-to-treat infections. We have previously described the ‘electricidal effect’, in which bacterial biofilms are decreased following exposure to direct electrical current. Herein, we sought to determine if the decreased bacterial quantities are due to detachment of biofilms or cell death and to investigate the role that reactive oxygen species (ROS) play in the observed effect. Using confocal and electron microscopy and flow cytometry, we found that direct current (DC) leads to cell death and changes in the architecture of biofilms formed by Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) appear to play a role in DC-associated cell death, as there was an increase in ROS-production by Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis biofilms following exposure to DC. An increase in the production of ROS response enzymes catalase and superoxide dismutase (SOD) was observed for S. aureus, S. epidermidis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms following exposure to DC. Additionally, biofilms were protected from cell death when supplemented with antioxidants and oxidant scavengers, including catalase, mannitol and Tempol. Knocking out SOD (sodAB) in P. aeruginosa led to an enhanced DC effect. Microarray analysis of P. aeruginosa PAO1 showed transcriptional changes in genes related to the stress response and cell death. In conclusion, the electricidal effect results in death of bacteria in biofilms, mediated, at least in part, by production of ROS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra L. Brinkman
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America
| | - Suzannah M. Schmidt-Malan
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America
| | - Melissa J. Karau
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America
| | - Kerryl Greenwood-Quaintance
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America
| | - Daniel J. Hassett
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Biochemistry & Microbiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
| | - Jayawant N. Mandrekar
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Health Sciences Research Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America
| | - Robin Patel
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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26
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Ferreira F, Luxardi G, Reid B, Zhao M. Early bioelectric activities mediate redox-modulated regeneration. Development 2016; 143:4582-4594. [PMID: 27827821 DOI: 10.1242/dev.142034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and electric currents modulate regeneration; however, the interplay between biochemical and biophysical signals during regeneration remains poorly understood. We investigate the interactions between redox and bioelectric activities during tail regeneration in Xenopus laevis tadpoles. We show that inhibition of NADPH oxidase-mediated production of ROS, or scavenging or blocking their diffusion into cells, impairs regeneration and consistently regulates the dynamics of membrane potential, transepithelial potential (TEP) and electric current densities (JI) during regeneration. Depletion of ROS mimics the altered TEP and JI observed in the non-regenerative refractory period. Short-term application of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) rescues (from depleted ROS) and induces (from the refractory period) regeneration, TEP increase and JI reversal. H2O2 is therefore necessary for and sufficient to induce regeneration and to regulate TEP and JI Epistasis assays show that voltage-gated Na+ channels act downstream of H2O2 to modulate regeneration. Altogether, these results suggest a novel mechanism for regeneration via redox-bioelectric orchestration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Ferreira
- Department of Dermatology, Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California, Davis, CA 95817, USA .,Departamento de Biologia, Centro de Biologia Molecular e Ambiental (CBMA), Universidade do Minho, Braga 4710, Portugal
| | - Guillaume Luxardi
- Department of Dermatology, Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California, Davis, CA 95817, USA
| | - Brian Reid
- Department of Dermatology, Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California, Davis, CA 95817, USA
| | - Min Zhao
- Department of Dermatology, Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California, Davis, CA 95817, USA .,Department of Ophthalmology, Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California, Davis, CA 95817, USA
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27
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Chang HF, Lee YS, Tang TK, Cheng JY. Pulsed DC Electric Field-Induced Differentiation of Cortical Neural Precursor Cells. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0158133. [PMID: 27352251 PMCID: PMC4924866 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0158133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
We report the differentiation of neural stem and progenitor cells solely induced by direct current (DC) pulses stimulation. Neural stem and progenitor cells in the adult mammalian brain are promising candidates for the development of therapeutic neuroregeneration strategies. The differentiation of neural stem and progenitor cells depends on various in vivo environmental factors, such as nerve growth factor and endogenous EF. In this study, we demonstrated that the morphologic and phenotypic changes of mouse neural stem and progenitor cells (mNPCs) could be induced solely by exposure to square-wave DC pulses (magnitude 300 mV/mm at frequency of 100-Hz). The DC pulse stimulation was conducted for 48 h, and the morphologic changes of mNPCs were monitored continuously. The length of primary processes and the amount of branching significantly increased after stimulation by DC pulses for 48 h. After DC pulse treatment, the mNPCs differentiated into neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes simultaneously in stem cell maintenance medium. Our results suggest that simple DC pulse treatment could control the fate of NPCs. With further studies, DC pulses may be applied to manipulate NPC differentiation and may be used for the development of therapeutic strategies that employ NPCs to treat nervous system disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Fang Chang
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Shan Lee
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tang K. Tang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ji-Yen Cheng
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Biophotonics, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Biophotonics and Molecular Imaging Research Center (BMIRC), National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Mechanical and Mechantronic Engineering, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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28
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Huang YJ, Hoffmann G, Wheeler B, Schiapparelli P, Quinones-Hinojosa A, Searson P. Cellular microenvironment modulates the galvanotaxis of brain tumor initiating cells. Sci Rep 2016; 6:21583. [PMID: 26898606 PMCID: PMC4761929 DOI: 10.1038/srep21583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Galvanotaxis is a complex process that represents the collective outcome of various contributing mechanisms, including asymmetric ion influxes, preferential activation of voltage-gated channels, and electrophoretic redistribution of membrane components. While a large number of studies have focused on various up- and downstream signaling pathways, little is known about how the surrounding microenvironment may interact and contribute to the directional response. Using a customized galvanotaxis chip capable of carrying out experiments in both two- and three-dimensional microenvironments, we show that cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) interactions modulate the galvanotaxis of brain tumor initiating cells (BTICs). Five different BTICs across three different glioblastoma subtypes were examined and shown to all migrate toward the anode in the presence of a direct-current electric field (dcEF) when cultured on a poly-L-ornithine/laminin coated surface, while the fetal-derived neural progenitor cells (fNPCs) migrated toward the cathode. Interestingly, when embedded in a 3D ECM composed of hyaluronic acid and collagen, BTICs exhibited opposite directional response and migrated toward the cathode. Pharmacological inhibition against a panel of key molecules involved in galvanotaxis further revealed the mechanistic differences between 2- and 3D galvanotaxis in BTICs. Both myosin II and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) were found to hold strikingly different roles in different microenvironments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ja Huang
- Institute for Nanobiotechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Gwendolyn Hoffmann
- Institute for Nanobiotechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Benjamin Wheeler
- Institute for Nanobiotechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Paula Schiapparelli
- Department of Neurosurgery and Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Alfredo Quinones-Hinojosa
- Department of Neurosurgery and Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Peter Searson
- Institute for Nanobiotechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
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29
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Zhen Y, Zhang W, Liu C, He J, Lu Y, Guo R, Feng J, Zhang Y, Chen J. Exogenous hydrogen sulfide promotes C6 glioma cell growth through activation of the p38 MAPK/ERK1/2-COX-2 pathways. Oncol Rep 2015; 34:2413-22. [PMID: 26351820 DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.4248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) participates in multifarious physiological and pathophysiologic progresses of cancer both in vitro and in vivo. We have previously demonstrated that exogenous H2S promoted liver cancer cells proliferation/anti‑apoptosis/angiogenesis/migration effects via amplifying the activation of NF-κB pathway. However, the effects of H2S on cancer cell proliferation and apoptosis are controversial and remain unclear in C6 glioma cells. The present study investigated the effects of exogenous H2S on cancer cells growth via activating p38 MAPK/ERK1/2-COX-2 pathways in C6 glioma cells. C6 glioma cells were treated with 400 µmol/l NaHS (a donor of H2S) for 24 h. The expression levels of phosphorylated (p)-p38 MAPK, total (t)-p38 MAPK, p-ERK1/2, t-ERK1/2, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and caspase-3 were measured by western blotting assay. Cell viability was detected by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8). Apoptotic cells were observed by Hoechst 33258 staining assay. Cell proliferation was directly detected under fully automatic inverted microscope. Exposure of C6 glioma cells to NaHS resulted in cell proliferation, as evidenced by an increase in cell viability. In addition, NaHS treatment reduced apoptosis, as indicated by the decreased apoptotic percentage and the cleaved caspase-3 expression. Importantly, exposure of the cells to NaHS increased the expression levels of p-p38 MAPK, p-ERK1/2 and COX-2. Notably, co-treatment of C6 glioma cells with 400 µmol/l NaHS and AOAA (an inhibitor of CBS) largely suppressed the above NaHS-induced effects. Combined treatment with NaHS and SB203580 (an inhibitor of p38 MAPK) or PD-98059 (an inhibitor of ERK1/2) resulted in the synergistic reduction of COX-2 expression and increase of caspase-3 expression, a decreased number of apoptotic cells, along with decreased cell viability. Combined treatment with NS-398 (an inhibitor of COX-2) and NaHS also resulted in the synergistic increase of caspase-3, a decreased in the number of apoptotic cells and the decrease in cell viability. The findings of the present study provide novel evidence that p38 MAPK/ERK1/2-COX-2 pathways are involved in NaHS-induced cancer cell proliferation and anti-apoptosis in C6 glioma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulan Zhen
- Oncology Center, The Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, P.R. China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Cardiovasology and Cardiac Care Unit (CCU), Huangpu Division of The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Chujie Liu
- Department of Neurology, Dalang Hospital, Dongguan, Guangdong 523700, P.R. China
| | - Jing He
- The First People's Hospital of Yueyang, Yueyang, Hunan 414000, P.R. China
| | - Yun Lu
- Department of Infectious Disease I, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, P.R. China
| | - Ruixian Guo
- Department of Physiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, P.R. China
| | - Jianqiang Feng
- Department of Physiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, P.R. China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Oncology Center, The Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, P.R. China
| | - Jingfu Chen
- Department of Cardiovasology and Cardiac Care Unit (CCU), Huangpu Division of The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
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30
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Wu SY, Hou HS, Sun YS, Cheng JY, Lo KY. Correlation between cell migration and reactive oxygen species under electric field stimulation. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2015; 9:054120. [PMID: 26487906 PMCID: PMC4600077 DOI: 10.1063/1.4932662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Cell migration is an essential process involved in the development and maintenance of multicellular organisms. Electric fields (EFs) are one of the many physical and chemical factors known to affect cell migration, a phenomenon termed electrotaxis or galvanotaxis. In this paper, a microfluidics chip was developed to study the migration of cells under different electrical and chemical stimuli. This chip is capable of providing four different strengths of EFs in combination with two different chemicals via one simple set of agar salt bridges and Ag/AgCl electrodes. NIH 3T3 fibroblasts were seeded inside this chip to study their migration and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in response to different EF strengths and the presence of β-lapachone. We found that both the EF and β-lapachone level increased the cell migration rate and the production of ROS in an EF-strength-dependent manner. A strong linear correlation between the cell migration rate and the amount of intracellular ROS suggests that ROS are an intermediate product by which EF and β-lapachone enhance cell migration. Moreover, an anti-oxidant, α-tocopherol, was found to quench the production of ROS, resulting in a decrease in the migration rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang-Ying Wu
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, National Taiwan University , Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Hsien-San Hou
- Research Center for Applied Sciences , Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Shin Sun
- Department of Physics, Fu-Jen Catholic University , New Taipei City 24205, Taiwan
| | - Ji-Yen Cheng
- Research Center for Applied Sciences , Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Yin Lo
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, National Taiwan University , Taipei 10617, Taiwan
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31
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Guo X, Jiang X, Ren X, Sun H, Zhang D, Zhang Q, Zhang J, Huang Y. The Galvanotactic Migration of Keratinocytes is Enhanced by Hypoxic Preconditioning. Sci Rep 2015; 5:10289. [PMID: 25988491 PMCID: PMC4437307 DOI: 10.1038/srep10289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2014] [Accepted: 04/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The endogenous electric field (EF)-directed migration of keratinocytes (galvanotaxis) into wounds is an essential step in wound re-epithelialization. Hypoxia, which occurs immediately after injury, acts as an early stimulus to initiate the healing process; however, the mechanisms for this effect, remain elusive. We show here that the galvanotactic migration of keratinocytes was enhanced by hypoxia preconditioning as a result of the increased directionality rather than the increased motility of keratinocytes. This enhancement was both oxygen tension- and preconditioning time-dependent, with the maximum effects achieved using 2% O2 preconditioning for 6 hours. Hypoxic preconditioning (2% O2, 6 hours) decreased the threshold voltage of galvanotaxis to < 25 mV/mm, whereas this value was between 25 and 50 mV/mm in the normal culture control. In a scratch-wound monolayer assay in which the applied EF was in the default healing direction, hypoxic preconditioning accelerated healing by 1.38-fold compared with the control conditions. Scavenging of the induced ROS by N-acetylcysteine (NAC) abolished the enhanced galvanotaxis and the accelerated healing by hypoxic preconditioning. Our data demonstrate a novel and unsuspected role of hypoxia in supporting keratinocyte galvanotaxis. Enhancing the galvanotactic response of cells might therefore be a clinically attractive approach to induce improved wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Guo
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xupin Jiang
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xi Ren
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Huanbo Sun
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Dongxia Zhang
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qiong Zhang
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiaping Zhang
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuesheng Huang
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
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32
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Liu Q, Song B. Electric field regulated signaling pathways. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2014; 55:264-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2014.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2014] [Revised: 09/10/2014] [Accepted: 09/12/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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33
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Cortese B, Palamà IE, D'Amone S, Gigli G. Influence of electrotaxis on cell behaviour. Integr Biol (Camb) 2014; 6:817-30. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ib00142g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the mechanism of cell migration and interaction with the microenvironment is not only of critical significance to the function and biology of cells, but also has extreme relevance and impact on physiological processes and diseases such as morphogenesis, wound healing, neuron guidance, and cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Cortese
- NNL
- Institute of Nanoscience CNR
- 73100 Lecce, Italy
- Department of Physics
- University Sapienza
| | | | | | - Giuseppe Gigli
- NNL
- Institute of Nanoscience CNR
- 73100 Lecce, Italy
- Department of Mathematics and Physics
- University of Salento
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34
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Towner RA, Smith N, Saunders D, De Souza PC, Henry L, Lupu F, Silasi-Mansat R, Ehrenshaft M, Mason RP, Gomez-Mejiba SE, Ramirez DC. Combined molecular MRI and immuno-spin-trapping for in vivo detection of free radicals in orthotopic mouse GL261 gliomas. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2013; 1832:2153-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2013.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2013] [Revised: 07/05/2013] [Accepted: 08/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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