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Sudduth ER, López Ruiz A, Trautmann-Rodriguez M, Fromen CA. Age-dependent changes in phagocytic activity: in vivo response of mouse pulmonary antigen presenting cells to direct lung delivery of charged PEGDA nanoparticles. J Nanobiotechnology 2024; 22:476. [PMID: 39135064 PMCID: PMC11318229 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-024-02743-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current needle-based vaccination for respiratory viruses is ineffective at producing sufficient, long-lasting local immunity in the elderly. Direct pulmonary delivery to the resident local pulmonary immune cells can create long-term mucosal responses. However, criteria for drug vehicle design rules that can overcome age-specific changes in immune cell functions have yet to be established. RESULTS Here, in vivo charge-based nanoparticle (NP) uptake was compared in mice of two age groups (2- and 16-months) within the four notable pulmonary antigen presenting cell (APC) populations: alveolar macrophages (AM), interstitial macrophages (IM), CD103+ dendritic cells (DCs), and CD11b+ DCs. Both macrophage populations exhibited preferential uptake of anionic nanoparticles but showed inverse rates of phagocytosis between the AM and IM populations across age. DC populations demonstrated preferential uptake of cationic nanoparticles, which remarkably did not significantly change in the aged group. Further characterization of cell phenotypes post-NP internalization demonstrated unique surface marker expression and activation levels for each APC population, showcasing heightened DC inflammatory response to NP delivery in the aged group. CONCLUSION The age of mice demonstrated significant preferences in the charge-based NP uptake in APCs that differed greatly between macrophages and DCs. Carefully balance of the targeting and activation of specific types of pulmonary APCs will be critical to produce efficient, age-based vaccines for the growing elderly population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma R Sudduth
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Department, University of Delaware, 150 Academy St, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
| | - Aida López Ruiz
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Department, University of Delaware, 150 Academy St, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
| | - Michael Trautmann-Rodriguez
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Department, University of Delaware, 150 Academy St, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
| | - Catherine A Fromen
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Department, University of Delaware, 150 Academy St, Newark, DE, 19716, USA.
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2
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Hye T, Moinuddin SM, Sarkar T, Nguyen T, Saha D, Ahsan F. An evolving perspective on novel modified release drug delivery systems for inhalational therapy. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2023; 20:335-348. [PMID: 36720629 PMCID: PMC10699164 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2023.2175814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Drugs delivered via the lungs are predominantly used to treat various respiratory disorders, including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases, respiratory tract infections and lung cancers, and pulmonary vascular diseases such as pulmonary hypertension. To treat respiratory diseases, targeted, modified or controlled release inhalation formulations are desirable for improved patient compliance and superior therapeutic outcome. AREAS COVERED This review summarizes the important factors that have an impact on the inhalable modified release formulation approaches with a focus toward various formulation strategies, including dissolution rate-controlled systems, drug complexes, site-specific delivery, drug-polymer conjugates, and drug-polymer matrix systems, lipid matrix particles, nanosystems, and formulations that can bypass clearance via mucociliary system and alveolar macrophages. EXPERT OPINION Inhaled modified release formulations can potentially reduce dosing frequency by extending drug's residence time in the lungs. However, inhalable modified or controlled release drug delivery systems remain unexplored and underdeveloped from the commercialization perspective. This review paper addresses the current state-of-the-art of inhaled controlled release formulations, elaborates on the avenues for developing newer technologies for formulating various drugs with tailored release profiles after inhalational delivery and explains the challenges associated with translational feasibility of modified release inhalable formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanvirul Hye
- Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, 586 Pioneer Dr, 48309, Rochester, MI, USA
| | - Sakib M. Moinuddin
- California Northstate University, College of Pharmacy, 9700 West Taron Drive, 95757, Elk Grove, CA, USA
- East Bay Institute for Research & Education (EBIRE), 95655, Mather, CA, USA
| | - Tanoy Sarkar
- California Northstate University, College of Pharmacy, 9700 West Taron Drive, 95757, Elk Grove, CA, USA
- East Bay Institute for Research & Education (EBIRE), 95655, Mather, CA, USA
| | - Trieu Nguyen
- California Northstate University, College of Pharmacy, 9700 West Taron Drive, 95757, Elk Grove, CA, USA
- East Bay Institute for Research & Education (EBIRE), 95655, Mather, CA, USA
| | - Dipongkor Saha
- California Northstate University, College of Pharmacy, 9700 West Taron Drive, 95757, Elk Grove, CA, USA
| | - Fakhrul Ahsan
- California Northstate University, College of Pharmacy, 9700 West Taron Drive, 95757, Elk Grove, CA, USA
- East Bay Institute for Research & Education (EBIRE), 95655, Mather, CA, USA
- MedLuidics, 95757, Elk Grove, CA, USA
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3
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Sudduth ER, Kolewe EL, Graf J, Yu Y, Somma J, Fromen CA. Nebulization of Model Hydrogel Nanoparticles to Macrophages at the Air-Liquid Interface. FRONTIERS IN CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2023; 4:1086031. [PMID: 37859802 PMCID: PMC10586456 DOI: 10.3389/fceng.2022.1086031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanoparticle evaluation within the pulmonary airspace has increasingly important implications for human health, with growing interest from drug delivery, environmental, and toxicology fields. While there have been widespread investigations of nanoparticle physiochemical properties following many routes of administration, nanoparticle behavior at the air-liquid interface (ALI) is less well-characterized. In this work, we fabricate two formulations of poly(ethylene)-glycol diacrylate (PEGDA)-based model nanoparticles to establish an in vitro workflow allowing evaluation of nanoparticle charge effects at the ALI. Both cationic and anionic PEGDA formulations were synthesized with similar hydrodynamic diameters around ~225 nm and low polydispersity, with expected surface charges corresponding with the respective functional co-monomer. We find that both formulations are readily nebulized from an aqueous suspension in a commercial Aeroneb® Lab Nebulizer, but the aqueous delivery solution served to slightly increase the overall hydrodynamic and geometric size of the cationic particle formulation. However, nanoparticle loading at 50 μg/ml of either formulation did not influence the resultant aerosol diameter from the nebulizer. To assess aerosol delivery in vitro, we designed a 3D printed adapter capable of ensuring aerosol delivery to transwell 24-well culture plates. Nanoparticle uptake by macrophages was compared between traditional cell culture techniques and that of ALI-cultured macrophages following aerosol delivery. Cell viability was unaffected by nanoparticle delivery using either method. However, only traditional cell culture methods demonstrated significant uptake that was dependent on the nanoparticle surface charge. Concurrently, ALI culture resulted in lower metabolic activity of macrophages than those in traditional cell culture, leading to lower overall nanoparticle uptake at ALI. Overall, this work demonstrates that base-material similarities between both particle formulations provide an expected consistency in aerosol delivery regardless of the nanoparticle surface charge and provides an important workflow that enables a holistic evaluation of aerosolizable nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma R. Sudduth
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Emily L. Kolewe
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Jodi Graf
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Yinkui Yu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Joaquina Somma
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Catherine A. Fromen
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
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4
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Seaberg J, Clegg JR, Bhattacharya R, Mukherjee P. Self-Therapeutic Nanomaterials: Applications in Biology and Medicine. MATERIALS TODAY (KIDLINGTON, ENGLAND) 2023; 62:190-224. [PMID: 36938366 PMCID: PMC10022599 DOI: 10.1016/j.mattod.2022.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Over past decades, nanotechnology has contributed to the biomedical field in areas including detection, diagnosis, and drug delivery via opto-electronic properties or enhancement of biological effects. Though generally considered inert delivery vehicles, a plethora of past and present evidence demonstrates that nanomaterials also exude unique intrinsic biological activity based on composition, shape, and surface functionalization. These intrinsic biological activities, termed self-therapeutic properties, take several forms, including mediation of cell-cell interactions, modulation of interactions between biomolecules, catalytic amplification of biochemical reactions, and alteration of biological signal transduction events. Moreover, study of biomolecule-nanomaterial interactions offers a promising avenue for uncovering the molecular mechanisms of biology and the evolution of disease. In this review, we observe the historical development, synthesis, and characterization of self-therapeutic nanomaterials. Next, we discuss nanomaterial interactions with biological systems, starting with administration and concluding with elimination. Finally, we apply this materials perspective to advances in intrinsic nanotherapies across the biomedical field, from cancer therapy to treatment of microbial infections and tissue regeneration. We conclude with a description of self-therapeutic nanomaterials in clinical trials and share our perspective on the direction of the field in upcoming years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Seaberg
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
- M.D./Ph.D. Program, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - John R. Clegg
- Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA
| | - Resham Bhattacharya
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Priyabrata Mukherjee
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
- Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
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5
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González K, Gangapurwala G, Alex J, Vollrath A, Cseresnyés Z, Weber C, Czaplewska JA, Hoeppener S, Svensson CM, Orasch T, Heinekamp T, Guerrero-Sánchez C, Figge MT, Schubert US, Brakhage AA. Targeting of phagolysosomes containing conidia of the fungus Aspergillus fumigatus with polymeric particles. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 107:819-834. [PMID: 36480041 PMCID: PMC9842589 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-12287-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Conidia of the airborne human-pathogenic fungus Aspergillus fumigatus are inhaled by humans. In the lung, they are phagocytosed by alveolar macrophages and intracellularly processed. In macrophages, however, conidia can interfere with the maturation of phagolysosomes to avoid their elimination. To investigate whether polymeric particles (PPs) can reach this intracellular pathogen in macrophages, we formulated dye-labeled PPs with a size allowing for their phagocytosis. PPs were efficiently taken up by RAW 264.7 macrophages and were found in phagolysosomes. When macrophages were infected with conidia prior to the addition of PPs, we found that they co-localized in the same phagolysosomes. Mechanistically, the fusion of phagolysosomes containing PPs with phagolysosomes containing conidia was observed. Increasing concentrations of PPs increased fusion events, resulting in 14% of phagolysosomes containing both conidia and PPs. We demonstrate that PPs can reach conidia-containing phagolysosomes, making these particles a promising carrier system for antimicrobial drugs to target intracellular pathogens. KEY POINTS: • Polymer particles of a size larger than 500 nm are internalized by macrophages and localized in phagolysosomes. • These particles can be delivered to Aspergillus fumigatus conidia-containing phagolysosomes of macrophages. • Enhanced phagolysosome fusion by the use of vacuolin1 can increase particle delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine González
- Department of Molecular and Applied Microbiology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology – Hans Knöll Institute (Leibniz-HKI), Adolf-Reichwein-Straße 23, 07745 Jena, Germany
- Institute of Microbiology, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Neugasse 25, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Gauri Gangapurwala
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstraße 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Julien Alex
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstraße 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Antje Vollrath
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstraße 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Zoltán Cseresnyés
- Applied Systems Biology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology – Hans Knöll Institute (Leibniz-HKI), Adolf-Reichwein-Straße 23, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Christine Weber
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstraße 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Justyna A. Czaplewska
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstraße 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Stephanie Hoeppener
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstraße 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Carl-Magnus Svensson
- Applied Systems Biology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology – Hans Knöll Institute (Leibniz-HKI), Adolf-Reichwein-Straße 23, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Thomas Orasch
- Department of Molecular and Applied Microbiology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology – Hans Knöll Institute (Leibniz-HKI), Adolf-Reichwein-Straße 23, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Thorsten Heinekamp
- Department of Molecular and Applied Microbiology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology – Hans Knöll Institute (Leibniz-HKI), Adolf-Reichwein-Straße 23, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Carlos Guerrero-Sánchez
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstraße 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Marc Thilo Figge
- Institute of Microbiology, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Neugasse 25, 07745 Jena, Germany
- Applied Systems Biology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology – Hans Knöll Institute (Leibniz-HKI), Adolf-Reichwein-Straße 23, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Ulrich S. Schubert
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstraße 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Axel A. Brakhage
- Department of Molecular and Applied Microbiology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology – Hans Knöll Institute (Leibniz-HKI), Adolf-Reichwein-Straße 23, 07745 Jena, Germany
- Institute of Microbiology, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Neugasse 25, 07745 Jena, Germany
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6
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Kimna C, Miller Naranjo B, Eckert F, Fan D, Arcuti D, Mela P, Lieleg O. Tailored mechanosensitive nanogels release drugs upon exposure to different levels of stenosis. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:17196-17209. [PMID: 36226684 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr03292a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Owing to the unhealthy lifestyle and genetic susceptibility of today's population, atherosclerosis is one of the global leading causes of life-threatening cardiovascular diseases. Although a rapid intervention is required for severe blood vessel constrictions, a systemic administration of anticoagulant drugs is not the preferred method of choice as the associated risk of bleeding complications is high. In this study, we present mechanosensitive nanogels that exhibit tunable degrees of disintegration upon exposure to different levels of stenosis. Those nanogels can be further functionalized to encapsulate charged drug molecules such as heparin, and they efficiently release their cargo when passing stenotic constrictions; however, passive drug leakage in the absence of mechanical shear stress is very low. Furthermore, heparin molecules liberated from those mechanosensitive nanogels show a similar blood clot lysis efficiency as the free drug molecules, which demonstrates that drug encapsulation into those nanogels does not interfere with the functionality of the cargo. Thus, the hemocompatible and mechanoresponsive nanogels developed here represent a smart and efficient drug delivery platform that can offer safer solutions for vascular therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ceren Kimna
- School of Engineering and Design, Department of Materials Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstraße 15, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Center for Protein Assemblies (CPA) and Munich Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Ernst-Otto-Fischer Straße 8, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Bernardo Miller Naranjo
- School of Engineering and Design, Department of Materials Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstraße 15, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Center for Protein Assemblies (CPA) and Munich Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Ernst-Otto-Fischer Straße 8, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Franziska Eckert
- School of Engineering and Design, Department of Materials Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstraße 15, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Center for Protein Assemblies (CPA) and Munich Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Ernst-Otto-Fischer Straße 8, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Di Fan
- School of Engineering and Design, Department of Materials Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstraße 15, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Center for Protein Assemblies (CPA) and Munich Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Ernst-Otto-Fischer Straße 8, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Dario Arcuti
- Medical Materials and Implants, Department of Mechanical Engineering and Munich Institute of Biomedical Engineering, TUM School of Engineering and Design, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstraße 15, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Petra Mela
- Medical Materials and Implants, Department of Mechanical Engineering and Munich Institute of Biomedical Engineering, TUM School of Engineering and Design, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstraße 15, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Oliver Lieleg
- School of Engineering and Design, Department of Materials Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstraße 15, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Center for Protein Assemblies (CPA) and Munich Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Ernst-Otto-Fischer Straße 8, 85748, Garching, Germany
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7
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Jarai BM, Fromen CA. Nanoparticle Internalization Promotes the Survival of Primary Macrophages. ADVANCED NANOBIOMED RESEARCH 2022; 2. [PMID: 35991157 PMCID: PMC9387674 DOI: 10.1002/anbr.202100127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages, a class of tissue resident innate immune cells, are responsible for sequestering foreign objects through the process of phagocytosis, making them a promising target for immune-modulation via particulate engineering. Here, we report that nanoparticle (NP) dosing and cellular internalization via phagocytosis significantly enhances survival of ex vivo cultures of primary bone marrow-derived, alveolar, and peritoneal macrophages over particle-free controls. The enhanced survival is attributed to suppression of caspase-dependent apoptosis and is linked to phagocytosis and lysosomal signaling. Uniquely, poly(ethylene glycol)-based NP treatment extended cell viability in the absence of macrophage polarization and enhanced expression of pro-survival B cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) protein in macrophages following multiple routes of in vivo administration. The enhanced survival phenomenon is also applicable to NPs of alternative chemistries, indicating the potential universality of this phenomenon with relevant drug delivery particles. These findings provide a framework for extending the lifespan of primary macrophages ex vivo for drug screening, vaccine studies, and cell therapies and has implications for any in vivo particulate immune-engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bader M. Jarai
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering University of Delaware 150 Academy St. Newark DE 19716 USA
| | - Catherine A. Fromen
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering University of Delaware 150 Academy St. Newark DE 19716 USA
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8
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The consequences of particle uptake on immune cells. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2022; 43:305-320. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2022.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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9
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Jarai BM, Stillman Z, Fromen CA. Hydrogel nanoparticle degradation influences the activation and survival of primary macrophages. J Mater Chem B 2021; 9:7246-7257. [PMID: 34226910 PMCID: PMC8446340 DOI: 10.1039/d1tb00982f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The effect of nanoparticle (NP) internalization on cell fate has emerged as an important consideration for nanomedicine design, as macrophages and other phagocytes are the primary clearance mechanisms of administered NP formulations. Pro-survival signaling is thought to be concurrent with phagocytosis and recent work has shown increased macrophage survival following lysosomal processing of internalized NPs. These observations have opened the door to explorations of NP physiochemical properties aimed at tuning the NP-driven macrophage survival at the lysosomal synapse. Here, we report that NP-induced macrophage survival and activation is strongly dependent on NP degradation rate using a series of thiol-containing poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate-based NPs of equivalent size and zeta potential. Rapidly degrading, high thiol-containing NPs allowed for dramatic enhancement of cell longevity that was concurrent with macrophage stimulation after 2 weeks in ex vivo culture. While equivalent NP internalization resulted in suppressed caspase activity across the NP series, macrophage activation was correlated with increasing thiol content, leading to increased lysosomal activity and a robust pro-survival phenotype. Our results provide insight on tuning NP physiochemical properties as design handles for maximizing ex vivo macrophage longevity, which has implications for improving macrophage-based immune assays, biomanufacturing, and cell therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bader M Jarai
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, 150 Academy St., Newark, DE 19716, USA.
| | - Zachary Stillman
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, 150 Academy St., Newark, DE 19716, USA.
| | - Catherine A Fromen
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, 150 Academy St., Newark, DE 19716, USA.
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10
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Jarai BM, Stillman Z, Attia L, Decker GE, Bloch ED, Fromen CA. Evaluating UiO-66 Metal-Organic Framework Nanoparticles as Acid-Sensitive Carriers for Pulmonary Drug Delivery Applications. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:38989-39004. [PMID: 32805901 PMCID: PMC7719435 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c10900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Developing novel drug carriers for pulmonary delivery is necessary to achieve higher efficacy and consistency for treating pulmonary diseases while limiting off-target side effects that occur from alternative routes of administration. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have recently emerged as a class of materials with characteristics well-suited for pulmonary drug delivery, with chemical tunability, high surface area, and pore size, which will allow for efficient loading of therapeutic cargo and deep lung penetration. UiO-66, a zirconium and terephthalic acid-based MOF, has displayed notable chemical and physical stability and potential biocompatibility; however, its feasibility for use as a pulmonary drug delivery vehicle has yet to be examined. Here, we evaluate the use of UiO-66 nanoparticles (NPs) as novel pulmonary drug delivery vehicles and assess the role of missing linker defects in their utility for this application. We determined that missing linker defects result in differences in NP aerodynamics but have minimal effects on the loading of model and therapeutic cargo, cargo release, biocompatibility, or biodistribution. This is a critical result, as it indicates the robust consistency of UiO-66, a critical feature for pulmonary drug delivery, which is plagued by inconsistent dosage because of variable properties. Not only that, but UiO-66 NPs also demonstrate pH-dependent stability, with resistance to degradation in extracellular conditions and breakdown in intracellular environments. Furthermore, the carriers exhibit high biocompatibility and low cytotoxicity in vitro and are well-tolerated in in vivo murine evaluations of orotracheally administered NPs. Following pulmonary delivery, UiO-66 NPs remain localized to the lungs before clearance over the course of seven days. Our results demonstrate the feasibility of using UiO-66 NPs as a novel platform for pulmonary drug delivery through their tunable NP properties, which allow for controlled aerodynamics and internalization-dependent cargo release while displaying remarkable pulmonary biocompatibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bader M. Jarai
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716
| | - Zachary Stillman
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716
| | - Lucas Attia
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716
| | - Gerald E. Decker
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716
| | - Eric D. Bloch
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716
| | - Catherine A. Fromen
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716
- corresponding author. Catherine A. Fromen, PhD, , 150 Academy St., Newark, DE 19716, (302) 831-3649
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11
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Perry JL, Tian S, Sengottuvel N, Harrison EB, Gorentla BK, Kapadia CH, Cheng N, Luft JC, Ting JPY, DeSimone JM, Pecot CV. Pulmonary Delivery of Nanoparticle-Bound Toll-like Receptor 9 Agonist for the Treatment of Metastatic Lung Cancer. ACS NANO 2020; 14:7200-7215. [PMID: 32463690 PMCID: PMC7531260 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c02207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
CpG oligodeoxynucleotides are potent toll-like receptor (TLR) 9 agonists and have shown promise as anticancer agents in preclinical studies and clinical trials. Binding of CpG to TLR9 initiates a cascade of innate and adaptive immune responses, beginning with activation of dendritic cells and resulting in a range of secondary effects that include the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, activation of natural killer cells, and expansion of T cell populations. Recent literature suggests that local delivery of CpG in tumors results in superior antitumor effects as compared to systemic delivery. In this study, we utilized PRINT (particle replication in nonwetting templates) nanoparticles as a vehicle to deliver CpG into murine lungs through orotracheal instillations. In two murine orthotopic metastasis models of non-small-cell lung cancer-344SQ (lung adenocarcinoma) and KAL-LN2E1 (lung squamous carcinoma), local delivery of PRINT-CpG into the lungs effectively promoted substantial tumor regression and also limited systemic toxicities associated with soluble CpG. Furthermore, cured mice were completely resistant to tumor rechallenge. Additionally, nanodelivery showed extended retention of CpG within the lungs as well as prolonged elevation of antitumor cytokines in the lungs, but no elevated levels of proinflammatory cytokines in the serum. These results demonstrate that PRINT-CpG is a potent nanoplatform for local treatment of lung cancer that has collateral therapeutic effects on systemic disease and an encouraging toxicity profile and may have the potential to treat lung metastasis of other cancer types.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jenny P-Y Ting
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Joseph M DeSimone
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
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12
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Yu HP, Liu FC, Lin CY, Umoro A, Trousil J, Hwang TL, Fang JY. Suppression of neutrophilic inflammation can be modulated by the droplet size of anti-inflammatory nanoemulsions. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2020; 15:773-791. [PMID: 32193978 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2019-0407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: We aimed to develop nanoemulsions containing phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor rolipram with different droplet sizes, to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect against activated neutrophils and a related lung injury. Materials & methods: We prepared nanoemulsions of three different sizes, 68, 133 and 188 nm. Results: The nanoemulsion inhibited the superoxide anion but not elastase release in primary human neutrophils. The large-sized nanoemulsions were mostly internalized by neutrophils, resulting in the reduction of intracellular Ca2+ half-life. The peripheral organ distribution of near-infrared dye-tagged nanoemulsions increased, following the decrease in droplet diameter. Rolipram entrapment into intravenous nanoemulsions ameliorated pulmonary inflammation. The smallest droplet size showed improvement, compared with the largest size. Conclusion: We established a foundation for the development of nanoemulsions against inflamed lung disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huang-Ping Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kweishan, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kweishan, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Chao Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kweishan, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kweishan, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Yu Lin
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Kweishan, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan
| | - Ani Umoro
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Chang Gung University, Kweishan, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan
| | - Jiří Trousil
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, 11720, Czech Republic
| | - Tsong-Long Hwang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kweishan, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Chang Gung University, Kweishan, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan.,Chinese Herbal Medicine Research Team, Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Kweishan, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan.,Research Center for Food & Cosmetic Safety & Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Chang Gung University of Science & Technology, Kweishan, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan.,Department of Chemical Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City, 243, Taiwan
| | - Jia-You Fang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kweishan, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Chang Gung University, Kweishan, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan.,Chinese Herbal Medicine Research Team, Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Kweishan, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan.,Research Center for Food & Cosmetic Safety & Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Chang Gung University of Science & Technology, Kweishan, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan
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13
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Karabasz A, Szczepanowicz K, Cierniak A, Mezyk-Kopec R, Dyduch G, Szczęch M, Bereta J, Bzowska M. In vivo Studies on Pharmacokinetics, Toxicity and Immunogenicity of Polyelectrolyte Nanocapsules Functionalized with Two Different Polymers: Poly-L-Glutamic Acid or PEG. Int J Nanomedicine 2019; 14:9587-9602. [PMID: 31824153 PMCID: PMC6901045 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s230865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The functionalization of a nanoparticle surface with PEG (polyethylene glycol) is an approach most often used for extending nanomaterial circulation time, enhancing its delivery and retention in the target tissues, and decreasing systemic toxicity of nanocarriers and their cargos. However, because PEGylated nanomedicines were reported to induce immune response including production of anti-PEG antibodies, activation of the complement system as well as hypersensitivity reactions, hydrophilic polymers other than PEG are gaining interest as its replacement in nanomaterial functionalization. Here, we present the results of in vivo evaluation of polyelectrolyte nanocapsules with biodegradable, polyelectrolyte multilayer shells consisting of poly-l-lysine (PLL) and poly-l-glutamic (PGA) acid as a potential drug delivery system. We compared the effects of nanocapsules functionalized with two different “stealth” polymers as the external layer of tested nanocapsules was composed of PGA (PGA-terminated nanocapsules, NC-PGA) or the copolymer of poly-l-lysine and polyethylene glycol (PEG-terminated nanocapsules, NC-PEG). Methods Nanocapsules pharmacokinetics, biodistribution and routes of eliminations were analysed postmortem by fluorescence intensity measurement. Toxicity of intravenously injected nanocapsules was evaluated with analyses of blood morphology and biochemistry and by histological tissue analysis. DNA integrity was determined by comet assay, cytokine profiling was performed using flow cytometer and detection of antibodies specific to PEG was performed by ELISA assay. Results We found that NC-PGA and NC-PEG had similar pharmacokinetic and biodistribution profiles and both were eliminated by hepatobiliary and renal clearance. Biochemical and histopathological evaluation of long-term toxicity performed after a single as well as repeated intravenous injections of nanomaterials demonstrated that neither NC-PGA nor NC-PEG had any acute or chronic hemato-, hepato- or nephrotoxic effects. In contrast to NC-PGA, repeated administration of NC-PEG resulted in prolonged increased serum levels of a number of cytokines. Conclusion Our results indicate that NC-PEG may cause undesirable activation of the immune system. Therefore, PGA compares favorably with PEG in equipping nanomaterials with stealth properties. Our research points to the importance of a thorough assessment of the potential influence of nanomaterials on the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicja Karabasz
- Department of Cell Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Szczepanowicz
- Jerzy Haber Institute of Catalysis and Surface Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Cierniak
- Department of General Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Andrzej Frycz Modrzewski Krakow University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Renata Mezyk-Kopec
- Department of Cell Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Dyduch
- Department of Pathomorphology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Marta Szczęch
- Jerzy Haber Institute of Catalysis and Surface Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
| | - Joanna Bereta
- Department of Cell Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Monika Bzowska
- Department of Cell Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
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14
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McDaniel DK, Ringel-Scaia VM, Morrison HA, Coutermarsh-Ott S, Council-Troche M, Angle JW, Perry JB, Davis G, Leng W, Minarchick V, Yang Y, Chen B, Reece SW, Brown DA, Cecere TE, Brown JM, Gowdy KM, Hochella MF, Allen IC. Pulmonary Exposure to Magnéli Phase Titanium Suboxides Results in Significant Macrophage Abnormalities and Decreased Lung Function. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2714. [PMID: 31849940 PMCID: PMC6892980 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Coal is one of the most abundant and economic sources for global energy production. However, the burning of coal is widely recognized as a significant contributor to atmospheric particulate matter linked to deleterious respiratory impacts. Recently, we have discovered that burning coal generates large quantities of otherwise rare Magnéli phase titanium suboxides from TiO2 minerals naturally present in coal. These nanoscale Magnéli phases are biologically active without photostimulation and toxic to airway epithelial cells in vitro and to zebrafish in vivo. Here, we sought to determine the clinical and physiological impact of pulmonary exposure to Magnéli phases using mice as mammalian model organisms. Mice were exposed to the most frequently found Magnéli phases, Ti6O11, at 100 parts per million (ppm) via intratracheal administration. Local and systemic titanium concentrations, lung pathology, and changes in airway mechanics were assessed. Additional mechanistic studies were conducted with primary bone marrow derived macrophages. Our results indicate that macrophages are the cell type most impacted by exposure to these nanoscale particles. Following phagocytosis, macrophages fail to properly eliminate Magnéli phases, resulting in increased oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and ultimately apoptosis. In the lungs, these nanoparticles become concentrated in macrophages, resulting in a feedback loop of reactive oxygen species production, cell death, and the initiation of gene expression profiles consistent with lung injury within 6 weeks of exposure. Chronic exposure and accumulation of Magnéli phases ultimately results in significantly reduced lung function impacting airway resistance, compliance, and elastance. Together, these studies demonstrate that Magnéli phases are toxic in the mammalian airway and are likely a significant nanoscale environmental pollutant, especially in geographic regions where coal combustion is a major contributor to atmospheric particulate matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan K. McDaniel
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, VA-MD College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Veronica M. Ringel-Scaia
- Graduate Program in Translational Biology, Medicine and Health, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Holly A. Morrison
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, VA-MD College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Sheryl Coutermarsh-Ott
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, VA-MD College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - McAlister Council-Troche
- Analytical Research Laboratory, VA-MD College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Jonathan W. Angle
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Justin B. Perry
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Grace Davis
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Weinan Leng
- National Center for Earth and Environmental Nanotechnology Infrastructure, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Valerie Minarchick
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Yi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Chen
- Department of Applied Physical Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Sky W. Reece
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States
| | - David A. Brown
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Thomas E. Cecere
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, VA-MD College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Jared M. Brown
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Kymberly M. Gowdy
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States
| | | | - Irving C. Allen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, VA-MD College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
- Graduate Program in Translational Biology, Medicine and Health, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
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15
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Stillman ZS, Jarai BM, Raman N, Patel P, Fromen CA. Degradation Profiles of Poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA)-based hydrogel nanoparticles. Polym Chem 2019; 11:568-580. [PMID: 33224282 DOI: 10.1039/c9py01206k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogel nanoparticles (also known as nanogels) have been utilized for a wide range of applications including analytics, sensors, drug delivery, immune engineering, and biotechnology. While these types of nanoparticles can be characterized using standard colloidal characterization techniques, degradation profiles typically must be inferred from those of bulk gels with the same formulation, typically by applying swelling ratios and rheological measurements that tend to severely underestimate nanoparticle degradation rates. Herein, we present an analysis of the degradation via ester hydrolysis of poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA)-based hydrogel nanoparticles in water, varied pH conditions, and redox environments. We perform this characterization using thermogravimetric analysis and mass spectrometry to analyze rates of degradation and products released, respectively, and compare results to those for equivalent bulk gel formulations. Our findings show that PEGDA-based nanoparticles display significant mass loss over time accompanied by negligible changes in hydrodynamic diameter, indicating a bulk mode of degradation. Nanoparticle mass loss occurs at a much higher rate than for bulk gels under comparable incubation conditions, confirming that bulk gel degradation serves as a poor surrogate for nanoparticle degradation. We further demonstrate that the incorporation of other diacrylate-based co-monomers drastically accelerates nanoparticle degradation rates. Through formulation considerations of co-monomer content and weight percent of PEGDA, we demonstrate the ability to tune the degradation rates of PEGDA-based nanoparticles on a range of hours to weeks. These findings highlight critical design considerations for enhancing the tunability and utility of PEGDA hydrogel nanoparticles and introduce a rigorous framework for the characterization of nanogel degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary S Stillman
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware
| | - Bader M Jarai
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware
| | - Nisha Raman
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware
| | - Premal Patel
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware
| | - Catherine A Fromen
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware
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16
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Vaghasiya K, Eram A, Sharma A, Ray E, Adlakha S, Verma RK. Alginate Microspheres Elicit Innate M1-Inflammatory Response in Macrophages Leading to Bacillary Killing. AAPS PharmSciTech 2019; 20:241. [PMID: 31250260 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-019-1458-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Particulate drug delivery systems (PDDS) have been broadly explored as platforms for delivery of drugs, enzymes, cells, and vaccines for pharmaceutical applications. Studies suggest that microspheres (MS) can stimulate innate immune cells even without a drug payload; however, less is known regarding how they impact host cells in dealing with the bacillary infection. We examined the role of drug-free inhalable alginate microspheres (A-MS) on phagocytosis efficiency and subsequent immune cell activation in Escherichia coli-infected THP-1-derived macrophages. Alginate particles have been widely investigated as carriers for prolonged delivery of bioactive (i.e., drugs, diagnostics, and vaccines). A-MS were fabricated by industry scalable spray-congealing process using divalent cation-induced gelification. E. coli-infected macrophages (multiplicity of infection (MOI 1:10) were treated with drug-free A-MS, where we found a consistent moderate reduction in bacillary viability. Particles were more efficiently and rapidly phagocytized by infected macrophages as compared with normal macrophage cells. Subsequently, A-MS induced markers of M1 macrophage responses and stimulated the processing and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-12). It also notably augmented the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO) in infected cells. Results illustrate that, the blank A-MS (without a drug payload) able to moderately check the growth of intracellular E. coli (without significant cytotoxicity) by modulating the M1 inflammatory response by host cells. This "added value" can be utilized in the design and development of therapeutic system with the additional advantage of immune-modulatory activity, in addition to serving as a drug carrier.
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17
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Abstract
Intranasal administration is a highly effective route for drug delivery and biodistribution studies. Indeed, this route of delivery has become the method of choice to distribute diverse pharmacological agents both locally and systemically. In the majority of preclinical animal models and in human patients, intranasal administration is the preferred method to deliver therapeutic agents to the airways and lungs. However, issues with drug stability and controlled release in the respiratory tract are common problems with many therapeutic agents. Nanoparticle delivery via intranasal administration has tremendous potential to circumvent these common issues. Over the past 30 years nanoparticles have gained increased interest as therapeutic delivery vehicles and as tools for improved bioimaging. Integral to the success of nanoparticles in drug delivery and biodistribution is the utilization of mouse models to characterize therapeutic strategies under physiologically relevant in situ conditions. Here, we describe a model of nanoparticle administration to the lungs utilizing intranasal administration and discuss a variety of highly useful techniques to evaluate nanoparticle up-take, biodistribution, and immune response. While these protocols have been optimized for intranasal administration of common fluorescently labeled nanoparticles, they can be applied to any nanoparticle or drug delivery system of interest targeting the lungs and airways.
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18
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Hu CMJ, Chen YT, Fang ZS, Chang WS, Chen HW. Antiviral efficacy of nanoparticulate vacuolar ATPase inhibitors against influenza virus infection. Int J Nanomedicine 2018; 13:8579-8593. [PMID: 30587980 PMCID: PMC6298390 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s185806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Influenza virus infections are a major public health concern worldwide. Conventional treatments against the disease are designed to target viral proteins. However, the emergence of viral variants carrying drug-resistant mutations can outpace the development of pathogen-targeting antivirals. Diphyllin and bafilomycin are potent vacuolar ATPase (V-ATPase) inhibitors previously shown to have broad-spectrum antiviral activity. However, their poor water solubility and potential off-target effect limit their clinical application. Methods In this study, we report that nanoparticle encapsulation of diphyllin and bafilomycin improves the drugs’ anti-influenza applicability. Results Using PEG-PLGA diblock copolymers, sub-200 nm diphyllin and bafilomycin nanoparticles were prepared, with encapsulation efficiency of 42% and 100%, respectively. The drug-loaded nanoparticles have sustained drug release kinetics beyond 72 hours and facilitate intracellular drug delivery to two different influenza virus-permissive cell lines. As compared to free drugs, the nanoparticulate V-ATPase inhibitors exhibited lower cytotoxicity and greater in vitro antiviral activity, improving the therapeutic index of diphyllin and bafilomycin by approximately 3 and 5-fold, respectively. In a mouse model of sublethal influenza challenge, treatment with diphyllin nanoparticles resulted in reduced body weight loss and viral titer in the lungs. In addition, following a lethal influenza viral challenge, diphyllin nanoparticle treatment conferred a survival advantage of 33%. Conclusions These results demonstrate the potential of the nanoparticulate V-ATPase inhibitors for host-targeted treatment against influenza.
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Affiliation(s)
- Che-Ming Jack Hu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.,Research Center for Nanotechnology and Infectious Diseases, Taipei, Taiwan,
| | - You-Ting Chen
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan,
| | - Zih-Syun Fang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan,
| | - Wei-Shan Chang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan,
| | - Hui-Wen Chen
- Research Center for Nanotechnology and Infectious Diseases, Taipei, Taiwan, .,Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan,
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19
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AlMatar M, Makky EA, AlMandeal H, Eker E, Kayar B, Var I, Köksal F. Does the Development of Vaccines Advance Solutions for Tuberculosis? Curr Mol Pharmacol 2018; 12:83-104. [PMID: 30474542 DOI: 10.2174/1874467212666181126151948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2018] [Revised: 10/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is considered as one of the most efficacious human pathogens. The global mortality rate of TB stands at approximately 2 million, while about 8 to 10 million active new cases are documented yearly. It is, therefore, a priority to develop vaccines that will prevent active TB. The vaccines currently used for the management of TB can only proffer a certain level of protection against meningitis, TB, and other forms of disseminated TB in children; however, their effectiveness against pulmonary TB varies and cannot provide life-long protective immunity. Based on these reasons, more efforts are channeled towards the development of new TB vaccines. During the development of TB vaccines, a major challenge has always been the lack of diversity in both the antigens contained in TB vaccines and the immune responses of the TB sufferers. Current efforts are channeled on widening both the range of antigens selection and the range of immune response elicited by the vaccines. The past two decades witnessed a significant progress in the development of TB vaccines; some of the discovered TB vaccines have recently even completed the third phase (phase III) of a clinical trial. OBJECTIVE The objectives of this article are to discuss the recent progress in the development of new vaccines against TB; to provide an insight on the mechanism of vaccine-mediated specific immune response stimulation, and to debate on the interaction between vaccines and global interventions to end TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manaf AlMatar
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Natural and Applied Sciences (Fen Bilimleri Enstitusu) Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Essam A Makky
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Industrial Sciences and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang (UMP), Kuantan, Malaysia
| | - Husam AlMandeal
- Freiburg Universität, Moltkestraße 90, 76133 karlsruhe Augenklinik, Germany
| | - Emel Eker
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Begüm Kayar
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Işıl Var
- Department of Food Engineering, Agricultural Faculty, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Fatih Köksal
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
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20
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Effects of gold nanoparticle-based vaccine size on lymph node delivery and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte responses. J Control Release 2017; 256:56-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2017.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Revised: 03/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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21
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McDaniel DK, Jo A, Ringel-Scaia VM, Coutermarsh-Ott S, Rothschild DE, Powell MD, Zhang R, Long TE, Oestreich KJ, Riffle JS, Davis RM, Allen IC. TIPS pentacene loaded PEO-PDLLA core-shell nanoparticles have similar cellular uptake dynamics in M1 and M2 macrophages and in corresponding in vivo microenvironments. NANOMEDICINE : NANOTECHNOLOGY, BIOLOGY, AND MEDICINE 2017; 13:1255-1266. [PMID: 28040495 PMCID: PMC5392431 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2016.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2016] [Revised: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Nanoparticle based drug delivery platforms have the potential to transform disease treatment paradigms and therapeutic strategies, especially in the context of pulmonary medicine. Once administered, nanoparticles disperse throughout the lung and many are phagocytosed by macrophages. However, there is a paucity of knowledge regarding cellular up-take dynamics of nanoparticles due largely to macrophage heterogeneity. To address this issue, we sought to better define nanoparticle up-take using polarized M1 and M2 macrophages and novel TIPS-pentacene loaded PEO-PDLLA nanoparticles. Our data reveal that primary macrophages polarized to either M1 or M2 phenotypes have similar levels of nanoparticle phagocytosis. Similarly, M1 and M2 polarized macrophages isolated from the lungs of mice following either acute (Th1) or allergic (Th2) airway inflammation also demonstrated equivalent levels of nanoparticle up-take. Together, these studies provide critical benchmark information pertaining to cellular up-take dynamics and biodistribution of nanoparticles in the context of clinically relevant inflammatory microenvironments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan K McDaniel
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, VA-MD College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Ami Jo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Veronica M Ringel-Scaia
- Graduate Program in Translational Biology, Medicine and Health, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Sheryl Coutermarsh-Ott
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, VA-MD College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Daniel E Rothschild
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, VA-MD College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Michael D Powell
- Graduate Program in Translational Biology, Medicine and Health, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA; Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Timothy E Long
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA; Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Kenneth J Oestreich
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, VA-MD College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA; Graduate Program in Translational Biology, Medicine and Health, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Judy S Riffle
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA; Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Richey M Davis
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA; Graduate Program in Translational Biology, Medicine and Health, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA; Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Irving C Allen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, VA-MD College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA; Graduate Program in Translational Biology, Medicine and Health, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA; Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA.
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22
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Lim YH, Tiemann KM, Hunstad DA, Elsabahy M, Wooley KL. Polymeric nanoparticles in development for treatment of pulmonary infectious diseases. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2016; 8:842-871. [PMID: 27016134 PMCID: PMC5035710 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Revised: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Serious lung infections, such as pneumonia, tuberculosis, and chronic obstructive cystic fibrosis-related bacterial diseases, are increasingly difficult to treat and can be life-threatening. Over the last decades, an array of therapeutics and/or diagnostics have been exploited for management of pulmonary infections, but the advent of drug-resistant bacteria and the adverse conditions experienced upon reaching the lung environment urge the development of more effective delivery vehicles. Nanotechnology is revolutionizing the approach to circumventing these barriers, enabling better management of pulmonary infectious diseases. In particular, polymeric nanoparticle-based therapeutics have emerged as promising candidates, allowing for programmed design of multi-functional nanodevices and, subsequently, improved pharmacokinetics and therapeutic efficiency, as compared to conventional routes of delivery. Direct delivery to the lungs of such nanoparticles, loaded with appropriate antimicrobials and equipped with 'smart' features to overcome various mucosal and cellular barriers, is a promising approach to localize and concentrate therapeutics at the site of infection while minimizing systemic exposure to the therapeutic agents. The present review focuses on recent progress (2005-2015) important for the rational design of nanostructures, particularly polymeric nanoparticles, for the treatment of pulmonary infections with highlights on the influences of size, shape, composition, and surface characteristics of antimicrobial-bearing polymeric nanoparticles on their biodistribution, therapeutic efficacy, and toxicity. WIREs Nanomed Nanobiotechnol 2016, 8:842-871. doi: 10.1002/wnan.1401 For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young H Lim
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering, Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Laboratory for Synthetic-Biologic Interactions, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Kristin M Tiemann
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University of School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - David A Hunstad
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University of School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University of School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Mahmoud Elsabahy
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering, Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Laboratory for Synthetic-Biologic Interactions, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut International Center of Nanomedicine, Al-Rajhy Liver Hospital, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt.
- Misr University for Science and Technology, 6th of October City, Egypt.
| | - Karen L Wooley
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering, Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Laboratory for Synthetic-Biologic Interactions, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.
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23
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Kapadia CH, Tian S, Perry JL, Luft JC, DeSimone JM. Reduction Sensitive PEG Hydrogels for Codelivery of Antigen and Adjuvant To Induce Potent CTLs. Mol Pharm 2016; 13:3381-3394. [PMID: 27551741 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.6b00288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Educating our immune system via vaccination is an attractive approach to combat infectious diseases. Eliciting antigen specific cytotoxic T cells (CTLs), CD8+ effector T cells, is essential in controlling intracellular infectious diseases such as influenza (Flu), tuberculosis (TB), hepatitis, and HIV/AIDS, as well as tumors. However, vaccination utilizing subunit peptides to elicit a potent CD8+ T cell response with antigenic peptides is typically ineffective due to poor immunogenicity. Here we have engineered a reduction sensitive nanoparticle (NP) based subunit vaccine for intracellular delivery of an antigenic peptide and immunostimulatory adjuvant. We have co-conjugated an antigenic peptide (ovalbumin-derived CTL epitope [OVA257-264: SIINFEKL]) and an immunostimulatory adjuvant (CpG ODNs, TLR9 agonist) to PEG hydrogel NPs via a reduction sensitive linker. Bone-marrow derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) treated with the SIINFEKL conjugated NPs efficiently cross-presented the antigenic peptide via MHC-I surface receptor and induced proliferation of OT-I T cells. CpG ODN-conjugated NPs induced maturation of BMDCs as evidenced by the overexpression of CD80 and CD40 costimulatory receptors. Moreover, codelivery of NP conjugated SIINFEKL and CpG ODN significantly increased the frequency of IFN-γ producing CD8+ effector T cells in mice (∼6-fold improvement over soluble antigen and adjuvant). Furthermore, the NP subunit vaccine-induced effector T cells were able to kill up to 90% of the adoptively transferred antigenic peptide-loaded target cell. These results demonstrate that the reduction sensitive NP subunit vaccine elicits a potent CTL response and provide compelling evidence that this approach could be utilized to engineer particulate vaccines to deliver tumor or pathogen associated antigenic peptides to harness the immune system to fight against cancer and infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Joseph M DeSimone
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, NC State University , Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States.,Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center , New York, New York 10021, United States
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24
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O'Connor G, Gleeson LE, Fagan-Murphy A, Cryan SA, O'Sullivan MP, Keane J. Sharpening nature's tools for efficient tuberculosis control: A review of the potential role and development of host-directed therapies and strategies for targeted respiratory delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2016; 102:33-54. [PMID: 27151307 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2016.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Revised: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Centuries since it was first described, tuberculosis (TB) remains a significant global public health issue. Despite ongoing holistic measures implemented by health authorities and a number of new oral treatments reaching the market, there is still a need for an advanced, efficient TB treatment. An adjunctive, host-directed therapy designed to enhance endogenous pathways and hence compliment current regimens could be the answer. The integration of drug repurposing, including synthetic and naturally occurring compounds, with a targeted drug delivery platform is an attractive development option. In order for a new anti-tubercular treatment to be produced in a timely manner, a multidisciplinary approach should be taken from the outset including stakeholders from academia, the pharmaceutical industry, and regulatory bodies keeping the patient as the key focus. Pre-clinical considerations for the development of a targeted host-directed therapy are discussed here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma O'Connor
- School of Pharmacy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland; Department of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Trinity College Dublin and St. James's Hospital, D08 W9RT, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Laura E Gleeson
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Trinity College Dublin and St. James's Hospital, D08 W9RT, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Aidan Fagan-Murphy
- School of Pharmacy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland; SFI Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CURAM), Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | - Sally-Ann Cryan
- School of Pharmacy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland; Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland; SFI Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CURAM), Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | - Mary P O'Sullivan
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Trinity College Dublin and St. James's Hospital, D08 W9RT, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Joseph Keane
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Trinity College Dublin and St. James's Hospital, D08 W9RT, Dublin, Ireland.
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25
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Rahhal TB, Fromen CA, Wilson EM, Kai MP, Shen TW, Luft JC, DeSimone JM. Pulmonary Delivery of Butyrylcholinesterase as a Model Protein to the Lung. Mol Pharm 2016; 13:1626-35. [PMID: 27012934 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.6b00066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary delivery has great potential for delivering biologics to the lung if the challenges of maintaining activity, stability, and ideal aerosol characteristics can be overcome. To study the interactions of a biologic in the lung, we chose butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) as our model enzyme, which has application for use as a bioscavenger protecting against organophosphate exposure or for use with pseudocholinesterase deficient patients. In mice, orotracheal administration of free BuChE resulted in 72 h detection in the lungs and 48 h in the broncheoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). Free BuChE administered to the lung of all mouse backgrounds (Nude, C57BL/6, and BALB/c) showed evidence of an acute cytokine (IL-6, TNF-α, MIP2, and KC) and cellular immune response that subsided within 48 h, indicating relatively safe administration of this non-native biologic. We then developed a formulation of BuChE using Particle Replication in Non-Wetting Templates (PRINT). Aerosol characterization demonstrated biologically active BuChE 1 μm cylindrical particles with a mass median aerodynamic diameter of 2.77 μm, indicative of promising airway deposition via dry powder inhalers (DPI). Furthermore, particulate BuChE delivered via dry powder insufflation showed residence time of 48 h in the lungs and BALF. The in vivo residence time, immune response, and safety of particulate BuChE delivered via a pulmonary route, along with the cascade impaction distribution of dry powder PRINT BuChE, showed promise in the ability to deliver active enzymes with ideal deposition characteristics. These findings provide evidence for the feasibility of optimizing the use of BuChE in the clinic; PRINT BuChE particles can be readily formulated for use in DPIs, providing a convenient and effective treatment option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tojan B Rahhal
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Catherine A Fromen
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University , Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Erin M Wilson
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Marc P Kai
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University , Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Tammy W Shen
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - J Christopher Luft
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Joseph M DeSimone
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States.,Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University , Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States.,Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States.,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
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26
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Meyer RA, Green JJ. Shaping the future of nanomedicine: anisotropy in polymeric nanoparticle design. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2016; 8:191-207. [PMID: 25981390 PMCID: PMC4644720 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2014] [Revised: 01/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Nanofabrication and biomedical applications of polymeric nanoparticles have become important areas of research. Biocompatible polymeric nanoparticles have been investigated for their use as delivery vehicles for therapeutic and diagnostic agents. Although polymeric nanoconstructs have traditionally been fabricated as isotropic spheres, anisotropic, nonspherical nanoparticles have gained interest in the biomaterials community owing to their unique interactions with biological systems. Polymeric nanoparticles with different forms of anisotropy have been manufactured using a variety of novel methods in recent years. In addition, they have enhanced physical, chemical, and biological properties compared with spherical nanoparticles, including increased targeting avidity and decreased nonspecific in vivo clearance. With these desirable properties, anisotropic nanoparticles have been successfully utilized in many biomedical settings and have performed superiorly to analogous spherical nanoparticles. We summarize the current state-of-the-art fabrication methods for anisotropic polymeric nanoparticles including top-down, bottom-up, and microfluidic design approaches. We also summarize the current and potential future applications of these nanoparticles, including drug delivery, biological targeting, immunoengineering, and tissue engineering. Ongoing research into the properties and utility of anisotropic polymeric nanoparticles will prove critical to realizing their potential in nanomedicine.
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27
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Lawlor C, O’Connor G, O’Leary S, Gallagher PJ, Cryan SA, Keane J, O’Sullivan MP. Treatment of Mycobacterium tuberculosis-Infected Macrophages with Poly(Lactic-Co-Glycolic Acid) Microparticles Drives NFκB and Autophagy Dependent Bacillary Killing. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0149167. [PMID: 26894562 PMCID: PMC4760758 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0149167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of multiple-drug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) has pushed our available repertoire of anti-TB therapies to the limit of effectiveness. This has increased the urgency to develop novel treatment modalities, and inhalable microparticle (MP) formulations are a promising option to target the site of infection. We have engineered poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) MPs which can carry a payload of anti-TB agents, and are successfully taken up by human alveolar macrophages. Even without a drug cargo, MPs can be potent immunogens; yet little is known about how they influence macrophage function in the setting of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection. To address this issue we infected THP-1 macrophages with Mtb H37Ra or H37Rv and treated with MPs. In controlled experiments we saw a reproducible reduction in bacillary viability when THP-1 macrophages were treated with drug-free MPs. NFκB activity was increased in MP-treated macrophages, although cytokine secretion was unaltered. Confocal microscopy of immortalized murine bone marrow-derived macrophages expressing GFP-tagged LC3 demonstrated induction of autophagy. Inhibition of caspases did not influence the MP-induced restriction of bacillary growth, however, blockade of NFκB or autophagy with pharmacological inhibitors reversed this MP effect on macrophage function. These data support harnessing inhaled PLGA MP-drug delivery systems as an immunotherapeutic in addition to serving as a vehicle for targeted drug delivery. Such “added value” could be exploited in the generation of inhaled vaccines as well as inhaled MDR-TB therapeutics when used as an adjunct to existing treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciaran Lawlor
- School of Pharmacy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, and St. James’ Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Gemma O’Connor
- School of Pharmacy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, and St. James’ Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Seonadh O’Leary
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, and St. James’ Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Paul J. Gallagher
- School of Pharmacy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Sally-Ann Cryan
- School of Pharmacy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
- Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Joseph Keane
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, and St. James’ Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mary P. O’Sullivan
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, and St. James’ Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
- * E-mail:
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28
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Manish M, Bhatnagar R, Singh S. Preparation and Characterization of PLGA Encapsulated Protective Antigen Domain 4 Nanoformulation. Methods Mol Biol 2016; 1404:669-681. [PMID: 27076329 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-3389-1_43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) based particulate systems have been widely explored for the development of subunit based vaccines owing to its biodegradability, biocompatibility, controlled release of entrapped antigen, targeted delivery potential, and nontoxic degradation product. Here, we describe the preparation of PLGA encapsulated recombinant protective antigen domain 4 (PAD4) nanoformulation (PAD4-NP) and its characterization for antigen content, morphology, and size. We also discuss the method of immunization in mice models to evaluate such PLGA based nanoformulation vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Manish
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
- Department of Biosciences, Manipal University Jaipur, Jaipur-Ajmer Express Highway, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 303007, India
| | - Rakesh Bhatnagar
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Samer Singh
- Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India.
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29
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Nanoparticle surface charge impacts distribution, uptake and lymph node trafficking by pulmonary antigen-presenting cells. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2015; 12:677-687. [PMID: 26656533 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2015.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2015] [Revised: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Engineered nanoparticles have the potential to expand the breadth of pulmonary therapeutics, especially as respiratory vaccines. Notably, cationic nanoparticles have been demonstrated to produce superior local immune responses following pulmonary delivery; however, the cellular mechanisms of this increased response remain unknown. To this end, we investigated the cellular response of lung APCs following pulmonary instillation of anionic and cationic charged nanoparticles. While nanoparticles of both surface charges were capable of trafficking to the draining lymph node and were readily internalized by alveolar macrophages, both CD11b and CD103 lung dendritic cell (DC) subtypes preferentially associated with cationic nanoparticles. Instillation of cationic nanoparticles resulted in the upregulation of Ccl2 and Cxc10, which likely contributes to the recruitment of CD11b DCs to the lung. In total, these cellular mechanisms explain the increased efficacy of cationic formulations as a pulmonary vaccine carrier and provide critical benchmarks in the design of pulmonary vaccine nanoparticles. FROM THE CLINICAL EDITOR Advance in nanotechnology has allowed the production of precise nanoparticles as vaccines. In this regard, pulmonary delivery has the most potential. In this article, the authors investigated the interaction of nanoparticles with various types of lung antigen presenting cells in an attempt to understand the cellular mechanisms. The findings would further help the future design of much improved vaccines for clinical use.
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30
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Spiller KL, Wrona EA, Romero-Torres S, Pallotta I, Graney PL, Witherel CE, Panicker LM, Feldman RA, Urbanska AM, Santambrogio L, Vunjak-Novakovic G, Freytes DO. Differential gene expression in human, murine, and cell line-derived macrophages upon polarization. Exp Cell Res 2015; 347:1-13. [PMID: 26500109 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2015.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2015] [Revised: 10/11/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The mechanisms by which macrophages control the inflammatory response, wound healing, biomaterial-interactions, and tissue regeneration appear to be related to their activation/differentiation states. Studies of macrophage behavior in vitro can be useful for elucidating their mechanisms of action, but it is not clear to what extent the source of macrophages affects their apparent behavior, potentially affecting interpretation of results. Although comparative studies of macrophage behavior with respect to cell source have been conducted, there has been no direct comparison of the three most commonly used cell sources: murine bone marrow, human monocytes from peripheral blood (PB), and the human leukemic monocytic cell line THP-1, across multiple macrophage phenotypes. In this study, we used multivariate discriminant analysis to compare the in vitro expression of genes commonly chosen to assess macrophage phenotype across all three sources of macrophages, as well as those derived from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), that were polarized towards four distinct phenotypes using the same differentiation protocols: M(LPS,IFN) (aka M1), M(IL4,IL13) (aka M2a), M(IL10) (aka M2c), and M(-) (aka M0) used as control. Several differences in gene expression trends were found among the sources of macrophages, especially between murine bone marrow-derived and human blood-derived M(LPS,IFN) and M(IL4,IL13) macrophages with respect to commonly used phenotype markers like CCR7 and genes associated with angiogenesis and tissue regeneration like FGF2 and MMP9. We found that the genes with the most similar patterns of expression among all sources were CXCL-10 and CXCL-11 for M(LPS,IFN) and CCL17 and CCL22 for M(IL4,IL13). Human PB-derived macrophages and human iPSC-derived macrophages showed similar gene expression patterns among the groups and genes studied here, suggesting that iPSC-derived monocytes have the potential to be used as a reliable cell source of human macrophages for in vitro studies. These findings could help select appropriate markers when testing macrophage behavior in vitro and highlight those markers that may confuse interpretation of results from experiments employing macrophages from different sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kara L Spiller
- Drexel University, School of Biomedical Engineering, Science, and Health Systems, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Emily A Wrona
- The New York Stem Cell Foundation Research Institute, New York, NY, United States
| | | | - Isabella Pallotta
- The New York Stem Cell Foundation Research Institute, New York, NY, United States
| | - Pamela L Graney
- Drexel University, School of Biomedical Engineering, Science, and Health Systems, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Claire E Witherel
- Drexel University, School of Biomedical Engineering, Science, and Health Systems, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Leelamma M Panicker
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Ricardo A Feldman
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Aleksandra M Urbanska
- Columbia University, Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Laura Santambrogio
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Gordana Vunjak-Novakovic
- Columbia University, Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Donald O Freytes
- The New York Stem Cell Foundation Research Institute, New York, NY, United States.
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31
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De Backer L, Cerrada A, Pérez-Gil J, De Smedt SC, Raemdonck K. Bio-inspired materials in drug delivery: Exploring the role of pulmonary surfactant in siRNA inhalation therapy. J Control Release 2015; 220:642-50. [PMID: 26363301 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Revised: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 09/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Many pathologies of the respiratory tract are inadequately treated with existing small molecule-based therapies. The emergence of RNA interference (RNAi) enables the post-transcriptional silencing of key molecular disease factors that cannot readily be targeted with conventional small molecule drugs. Pulmonary administration of RNAi effectors, such as small interfering RNA (siRNA), allows direct delivery into the lung tissue, hence reducing systemic exposure. Unfortunately, the clinical translation of RNAi is severely hampered by inefficient delivery of siRNA therapeutics towards the cytoplasm of the target cells. In order to have a better control of the siRNA delivery process, both extra- and intracellular, siRNAs are typically formulated in nanosized delivery vehicles (nanoparticles, NPs). In the lower airways, which are the targeted sites of action for multiple pulmonary disorders, these siRNA-loaded NPs will encounter the pulmonary surfactant (PS) layer, covering the entire alveolar surface. The interaction between the instilled siRNA-loaded NPs and the PS at this nano-bio interface results in the adsorption of PS components onto the surface of the NPs. The formation of this so-called biomolecular corona conceals the original NP surface and will therefore profoundly determine the biological efficacy of the NP. Though this interplay has initially been regarded as a barrier towards efficient siRNA delivery to the respiratory target cell, recent reports have illustrated that the interaction with PS might also be beneficial for local pulmonary siRNA delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynn De Backer
- Laboratory for General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Alejandro Cerrada
- Departamento de Bioquimica y Biologia Molecular, Facultad de Biologia, and Research Institute Hospital 12 Octubre, Universidad Complutense, José Antonio Novais 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Jesús Pérez-Gil
- Departamento de Bioquimica y Biologia Molecular, Facultad de Biologia, and Research Institute Hospital 12 Octubre, Universidad Complutense, José Antonio Novais 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Stefaan C De Smedt
- Laboratory for General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Koen Raemdonck
- Laboratory for General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
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32
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De Backer L, Naessens T, De Koker S, Zagato E, Demeester J, Grooten J, De Smedt SC, Raemdonck K. Hybrid pulmonary surfactant-coated nanogels mediate efficient in vivo delivery of siRNA to murine alveolar macrophages. J Control Release 2015; 217:53-63. [PMID: 26307350 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The local delivery of small interfering RNA (siRNA) to the lungs may provide a therapeutic solution to a range of pulmonary disorders. Resident alveolar macrophages (rAM) in the bronchoalveolar lumen play a critical role in lung inflammatory responses and therefore constitute a particularly attractive target for siRNA therapeutics. However, achieving efficient gene silencing in the lung while avoiding pulmonary toxicity requires appropriate formulation of siRNA in functional nanocarriers. In this study, we evaluated pulmonary surfactant-coated dextran nanogels for the delivery of siRNA to rAM upon pharyngeal aspiration in BALB/c mice. Both the surfactant-coated and uncoated nanogels achieved high levels of siRNA uptake in rAM, yet only the surfactant-coated formulation could significantly reduce gene expression on the protein level. Surfactant-coated nanogels induced a profound downregulation of target mRNA levels, reaching 70% knockdown with ~1mgkg(-1) siRNA dose. In addition, only mild acute pro-inflammatory cytokine and chemokine responses were detected one day after nanoparticle aspiration, accompanied by a moderate neutrophil infiltration in the bronchoalveolar lumen. The latter could be substantially reduced by removal of excess surfactant from the formulation. Overall, our hybrid core-shell nanoparticles have demonstrated safe and effective siRNA delivery to rAM, providing a new therapeutic approach for treatment of inflammatory pathologies in the lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynn De Backer
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutics, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, Ghent 9000, Belgium.
| | - Thomas Naessens
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Technologiepark 927, Zwijnaarde 9052, Belgium.
| | - Stefaan De Koker
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Technologiepark 927, Zwijnaarde 9052, Belgium.
| | - Elisa Zagato
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutics, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, Ghent 9000, Belgium.
| | - Jo Demeester
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutics, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, Ghent 9000, Belgium.
| | - Johan Grooten
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Technologiepark 927, Zwijnaarde 9052, Belgium.
| | - Stefaan C De Smedt
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutics, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, Ghent 9000, Belgium.
| | - Koen Raemdonck
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutics, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, Ghent 9000, Belgium.
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33
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Roberts RA, Eitas TK, Byrne JD, Johnson BM, Short PJ, McKinnon KP, Reisdorf S, Luft JC, DeSimone JM, Ting JP. Towards programming immune tolerance through geometric manipulation of phosphatidylserine. Biomaterials 2015; 72:1-10. [PMID: 26325217 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.08.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Revised: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The possibility of engineering the immune system in a targeted fashion using biomaterials such as nanoparticles has made considerable headway in recent years. However, little is known as to how modulating the spatial presentation of a ligand augments downstream immune responses. In this report we show that geometric manipulation of phosphatidylserine (PS) through fabrication on rod-shaped PLGA nanoparticles robustly dampens inflammatory responses from innate immune cells while promoting T regulatory cell abundance by impeding effector T cell expansion. This response depends on the geometry of PS presentation as both PS liposomes and 1 micron cylindrical PS-PLGA particles are less potent signal inducers than 80 × 320 nm rod-shaped PS-PLGA particles for an equivalent dose of PS. We show that this immune tolerizing effect can be co-opted for therapeutic benefit in a mouse model of multiple sclerosis and an assay of organ rejection using a mixed lymphocyte reaction with primary human immune cells. These data provide evidence that geometric manipulation of a ligand via biomaterials may enable more efficient and tunable programming of cellular signaling networks for therapeutic benefit in a variety of disease states, including autoimmunity and organ rejection, and thus should be an active area of further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reid A Roberts
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Timothy K Eitas
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - James D Byrne
- Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Brandon M Johnson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Patrick J Short
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Karen P McKinnon
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Shannon Reisdorf
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - J Christopher Luft
- Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Joseph M DeSimone
- Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
- Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, Memorial Sloan Kettering Comprehensive Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Jenny P Ting
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Center for Translational Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Institute for Inflammatory Diseases, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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Beletskii A, Galloway A, Rele S, Stone M, Malinoski F. Engineered PRINT(®) nanoparticles for controlled delivery of antigens and immunostimulants. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2015; 10:1908-13. [PMID: 25424798 DOI: 10.4161/hv.28817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Particle replication in non-wetting templates (PRINT) is a novel nanoparticle platform that provides compositional flexibility with the ability to specify size and shape in formulating vaccines. The PRINT platform also offers manufacturing and cost advantages over traditional particle technologies. Across multiple antigen and adjuvant formulations, robust antibody and cellular responses have been achieved using PRINT particles in mouse models. Preclinical studies applying PRINT technology in the disease areas of influenza, malaria, and pneumonia are described in this commentary. The proof of principle studies pave the way toward significant cost-effective solutions to global vaccine supply needs.
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Liu LZ, Ding M, Zheng JZ, Zhu Y, Fenderson BA, Li B, Yu JJ, Jiang BH. Tungsten Carbide-Cobalt Nanoparticles Induce Reactive Oxygen Species, AKT, ERK, AP-1, NF-κB, VEGF, and Angiogenesis. Biol Trace Elem Res 2015; 166:57-65. [PMID: 25893364 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-015-0331-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Accepted: 04/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Powder mixtures of tungsten carbide and metallic cobalt (WC-Co) are widely used in various products. Nanoparticles are engineered structures with at least one dimension of 100 nm or smaller. WC-Co is known to be associated with lung injury and diseases. Angiogenesis is a key process during vasculature, carcinogenesis, recovery of injury, and inflammatory diseases. However, the cellular effects of WC-Co nanoparticles on angiogenesis remain to be elucidated. In this study, we investigated angiogenic response and relative mechanisms after exposure to WC-Co nanoparticles. Our results showed that WC-Co nanoparticles at 5 μg/cm(2) induced ROS production which activated AKT and ERK1/2 signaling pathways in lung epithelial cells by reactive oxygen species (ROS) staining and immunoblotting; WC-Co treatment also increased transcriptional activation of AP-1, NF-κB, and VEGF by reporter assay. Further studies demonstrated that ROS are upstream molecules of AKT and ERK signaling pathways; the activation of AP-1, NF-κB, and VEGF was through ROS generation, AKT and ERK1/2 activation. In addition, WC-Co nanoparticles affected the cells to induce angiogenesis by chicken chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay. These results illustrate that exposure to WC-Co nanoparticles induces angiogenic response by activating ROS, AKT, and ERK1/2 signaling pathways and the downstream molecules and elucidate the potential molecular mechanisms during this process. This information may be useful for preventing potential damage from nanoparticle exposure in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Zhi Liu
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA,
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Distribution and Cellular Uptake of PEGylated Polymeric Particles in the Lung Towards Cell-Specific Targeted Delivery. Pharm Res 2015; 32:3248-60. [PMID: 26002743 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-015-1701-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We evaluated the role of a poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) surface coating to increase residence times and alter the cellular fate of nano- and microparticles delivered to the lung. METHODS Three sizes of PRINT hydrogel particles (80 × 320 nm, 1.5 and 6 μm donuts) with and without a surface PEG coating were instilled in the airways of C57/b6 mice. At time points of 1, 7, and 28 days, BALF and whole lungs were evaluated for the inflammatory cytokine Il-6 and chemokine MIP-2, histopathology, cellular populations of macrophages, dendritic cells (DCs), and granulocytes, and particulate uptake within these cells through flow cytometry, ELISAs, and fluorescent imaging. RESULTS Particles of all sizes and surface chemistries were readily observed in the lung with minimal inflammatory response at all time points. Surface modification with PEGylation was found to significantly increase lung residence times and homogeneous lung distribution, delaying macrophage clearance of all sizes, with the largest increase in residence time observed for 80 × 320 nm particles. Additionally, it was observed that DCs were recruited to the airway following administration of unPEGylated particles and preferentially associated with these particles. CONCLUSIONS Pulmonary drug delivery vehicles designed with a PEG surface coating can be used to delay particle uptake and promote cell-specific targeting of therapeutics.
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Phanse Y, Dunphy BM, Perry JL, Airs PM, Paquette CCH, Carlson JO, Xu J, Luft JC, DeSimone JM, Beaty BJ, Bartholomay LC. Biodistribution and Toxicity Studies of PRINT Hydrogel Nanoparticles in Mosquito Larvae and Cells. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2015; 9:e0003735. [PMID: 25996390 PMCID: PMC4440723 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0003735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2014] [Accepted: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mosquito-borne diseases continue to remain major threats to human and animal health and impediments to socioeconomic development. Increasing mosquito resistance to chemical insecticides is a great public health concern, and new strategies/technologies are necessary to develop the next-generation of vector control tools. We propose to develop a novel method for mosquito control that employs nanoparticles (NPs) as a platform for delivery of mosquitocidal dsRNA molecules to silence mosquito genes and cause vector lethality. Identifying optimal NP chemistry and morphology is imperative for efficient mosquitocide delivery. Toward this end, fluorescently labeled polyethylene glycol NPs of specific sizes, shapes (80 nm x 320 nm, 80 nm x 5000 nm, 200 nm x 200 nm, and 1000 nm x 1000 nm) and charges (negative and positive) were fabricated by Particle Replication in Non-Wetting Templates (PRINT) technology. Biodistribution, persistence, and toxicity of PRINT NPs were evaluated in vitro in mosquito cell culture and in vivo in Anopheles gambiae larvae following parenteral and oral challenge. Following parenteral challenge, the biodistribution of the positively and negatively charged NPs of each size and shape was similar; intense fluorescence was observed in thoracic and abdominal regions of the larval body. Positively charged NPs were more associated with the gastric caeca in the gastrointestinal tract. Negatively charged NPs persisted through metamorphosis and were observed in head, body and ovaries of adults. Following oral challenge, NPs were detected in the larval mid- and hindgut. Positively charged NPs were more efficiently internalized in vitro than negatively charged NPs. Positively charged NPs trafficked to the cytosol, but negatively charged NPs co-localized with lysosomes. Following in vitro and in vivo challenge, none of the NPs tested induced any cytotoxic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yashdeep Phanse
- Department of Entomology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Brendan M. Dunphy
- Department of Entomology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Jillian L. Perry
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Paul M. Airs
- Department of Entomology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Cynthia C. H. Paquette
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Jonathan O. Carlson
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Jing Xu
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - J. Christopher Luft
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Joseph M. DeSimone
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Institute for Nanomedicine and Institute for Advanced Materials, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America
- Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Barry J. Beaty
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Lyric C. Bartholomay
- Department of Entomology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Zhou QT, Leung SSY, Tang P, Parumasivam T, Loh ZH, Chan HK. Inhaled formulations and pulmonary drug delivery systems for respiratory infections. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2015; 85:83-99. [PMID: 25451137 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2014.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2014] [Revised: 10/15/2014] [Accepted: 10/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Respiratory infections represent a major global health problem. They are often treated by parenteral administrations of antimicrobials. Unfortunately, systemic therapies of high-dose antimicrobials can lead to severe adverse effects and this calls for a need to develop inhaled formulations that enable targeted drug delivery to the airways with minimal systemic drug exposure. Recent technological advances facilitate the development of inhaled anti-microbial therapies. The newer mesh nebulisers have achieved minimal drug residue, higher aerosolisation efficiencies and rapid administration compared to traditional jet nebulisers. Novel particle engineering and intelligent device design also make dry powder inhalers appealing for the delivery of high-dose antibiotics. In view of the fact that no new antibiotic entities against multi-drug resistant bacteria have come close to commercialisation, advanced formulation strategies are in high demand for combating respiratory 'super bugs'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Tony Zhou
- Advanced Drug Delivery Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Sharon Shui Yee Leung
- Advanced Drug Delivery Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Patricia Tang
- Advanced Drug Delivery Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Thaigarajan Parumasivam
- Advanced Drug Delivery Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Zhi Hui Loh
- GEA-NUS Pharmaceutical Processing Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, 18 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Hak-Kim Chan
- Advanced Drug Delivery Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
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Mueller SN, Tian S, DeSimone JM. Rapid and Persistent Delivery of Antigen by Lymph Node Targeting PRINT Nanoparticle Vaccine Carrier To Promote Humoral Immunity. Mol Pharm 2015; 12:1356-65. [PMID: 25817072 DOI: 10.1021/mp500589c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Nanoparticle delivery of subunit vaccines may increase vaccine efficacy, leading to a wide variety of safe and effective vaccines beyond those available through dosing inactivated or live, attenuated whole pathogens. Here we present a versatile vaccine delivery platform based on PRINT hydrogels made of biocompatible hydroxy-poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) that is able to activate the complement system by the alternative pathway. These lymph node targeting nanoparticles (NPs) promote the immunogenicity of a model antigen, ovalbumin, showing comparable adjuvant effect to alum. We demonstrate that an antigen-specific humoral response is correlated with antigen delivery to the draining lymph nodes, in particular, B cell rich regions of the lymph nodes. 80 × 180 nm cylindrical NPs were able to sustain prolonged antigen presentation to antigen presenting cells (APCs) and elicit a stronger immune response than nondraining 1 × 1 μm NPs or rapidly clearing soluble antigen. The 80 × 180 nm NPs also show high levels of uptake by key APCs and efficiently stimulate CD4(+) helper T cell proliferation in vivo, further promoting antibody production. These features together produce a significant humoral immune response, superior to that produced by free antigen alone. The simplicity of the chemistries used in antigen conjugation to PRINT NPs confers versatility to this antigen delivery platform, allowing for potential application to many infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Joseph M DeSimone
- #Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States.,⊥Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10021, United States
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40
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Robbins GR, Roberts RA, Guo H, Reuter K, Shen T, Sempowski GD, McKinnon KP, Su L, DeSimone JM, Ting JPY. Analysis of human innate immune responses to PRINT fabricated nanoparticles with cross validation using a humanized mouse model. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2015; 11:589-99. [PMID: 25596079 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2014.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Revised: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Ideal nanoparticle (NP)-based drug and vaccine delivery vectors should be free of inherent cytotoxic or immunostimulatory properties. Therefore, determining baseline immune responses to nanomaterials is of utmost importance when designing human therapeutics. We characterized the response of human immune cells to hydrogel NPs fabricated using Particle Replication in Non-wetting Templates (PRINT) technology. We found preferential NP uptake by primary CD14(+) monocytes, which was significantly reduced upon PEGylation of the NP surface. Multiplex cytokine analysis of NP treated primary human peripheral blood mononuclear cells suggests that PRINT based hydrogel NPs do not evoke significant inflammatory responses nor induce cytotoxicity or complement activation. We furthered these studies using an in vivo humanized mouse model and similarly found preferential NP uptake by human CD14(+) monocytes without systemic inflammatory cytokine responses. These studies suggest that PRINT hydrogel particles form a desirable platform for vaccine and drug delivery as they neither induce inflammation nor toxicity. From the clinical editor: The authors here fabricated hydrogel nanorods using the PRINT (Particle Replication In Nonwetting Templates) fabrication process. They tested the interaction of human immune cells with these particles and found no immunoreactivity. This finding would suggest that monodisperse PRINT particles of identical shape and size could serve a variety of clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory R Robbins
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Reid A Roberts
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Haitao Guo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Kevin Reuter
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Tammy Shen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Gregory D Sempowski
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Karen P McKinnon
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Lishan Su
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Joseph M DeSimone
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, NC State University, Raleigh, NC, USA; Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jenny P-Y Ting
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Center for Translational Immunology and Institute of Inflammatory Diseases, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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Controlled analysis of nanoparticle charge on mucosal and systemic antibody responses following pulmonary immunization. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 112:488-93. [PMID: 25548169 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1422923112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary immunization enhances local humoral and cell-mediated mucosal protection, which are critical for vaccination against lung-specific pathogens such as influenza or tuberculosis. A variety of nanoparticle (NP) formulations have been tested preclinically for pulmonary vaccine development, yet the role of NP surface charge on downstream immune responses remains poorly understood. We used the Particle Replication in Non-Wetting Templates (PRINT) process to synthesize hydrogel NPs that varied only in surface charge and otherwise maintained constant size, shape, and antigen loading. Pulmonary immunization with ovalbumin (OVA)-conjugated cationic NPs led to enhanced systemic and lung antibody titers compared with anionic NPs. Increased antibody production correlated with robust germinal center B-cell expansion and increased activated CD4(+) T-cell populations in lung draining lymph nodes. Ex vivo treatment of dendritic cells (DCs) with OVA-conjugated cationic NPs induced robust antigen-specific T-cell proliferation with ∼ 100-fold more potency than soluble OVA alone. Enhanced T-cell expansion correlated with increased expression of surface MHCII, T-cell coactivating receptors, and key cytokines/chemokine expression by DCs treated with cationic NPs, which were not observed with anionic NPs or soluble OVA. Together, these studies highlight the importance of NP surface charge when designing pulmonary vaccines, and our findings support the notion that cationic NP platforms engender potent humoral and mucosal immune responses.
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42
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Ali ME, McConville JT, Lamprecht A. Pulmonary delivery of anti-inflammatory agents. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2014; 12:929-45. [DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2015.993968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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43
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Menter DG, Patterson SL, Logsdon CD, Kopetz S, Sood AK, Hawk ET. Convergence of nanotechnology and cancer prevention: are we there yet? Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2014; 7:973-92. [PMID: 25060262 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-14-0079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Nanotechnology is emerging as a promising modality for cancer treatment; however, in the realm of cancer prevention, its full utility has yet to be determined. Here, we discuss the potential of integrating nanotechnology in cancer prevention to augment early diagnosis, precision targeting, and controlled release of chemopreventive agents, reduced toxicity, risk/response assessment, and personalized point-of-care monitoring. Cancer is a multistep, progressive disease; the functional and acquired characteristics of the early precancer phenotype are intrinsically different from those of a more advanced anaplastic or invasive malignancy. Therefore, applying nanotechnology to precancers is likely to be far more challenging than applying it to established disease. Frank cancers are more readily identifiable through imaging and biomarker and histopathologic assessment than their precancerous precursors. In addition, prevention subjects routinely have more rigorous intervention criteria than therapy subjects. Any nanopreventive agent developed to prevent sporadic cancers found in the general population must exhibit a very low risk of serious side effects. In contrast, a greater risk of side effects might be more acceptable in subjects at high risk for cancer. Using nanotechnology to prevent cancer is an aspirational goal, but clearly identifying the intermediate objectives and potential barriers is an essential first step in this exciting journey.
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Affiliation(s)
- David G Menter
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas. Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Sherri L Patterson
- Division of Cancer Prevention & Population Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Craig D Logsdon
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Scott Kopetz
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Anil K Sood
- Gynecologic Oncology & Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Ernest T Hawk
- Division of Cancer Prevention & Population Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
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44
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Jiao Q, Li L, Mu Q, Zhang Q. Immunomodulation of nanoparticles in nanomedicine applications. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:426028. [PMID: 24949448 PMCID: PMC4052466 DOI: 10.1155/2014/426028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2013] [Accepted: 01/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Nanoparticles (NPs) have promising applications in medicine. Immune system is an important protective system to defend organisms from non-self matters. NPs interact with the immune system and modulate its function, leading to immunosuppression or immunostimulation. These modulating effects may bring benefits or danger. Compositions, sizes, and surface chemistry, and so forth, affect these immunomodulations. Here we give an overview of the relationship between the physicochemical properties of NPs, which are candidates to be applied in medicine, and their immunomodulation properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Jiao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Liwen Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Qingxin Mu
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98125, USA
| | - Qiu Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
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45
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Allen IC. The utilization of oropharyngeal intratracheal PAMP administration and bronchoalveolar lavage to evaluate the host immune response in mice. J Vis Exp 2014. [PMID: 24747836 DOI: 10.3791/51391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The host immune response to pathogens is a complex biological process. The majority of in vivo studies classically employed to characterize host-pathogen interactions take advantage of intraperitoneal injections of select bacteria or pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) in mice. While these techniques have yielded tremendous data associated with infectious disease pathobiology, intraperitoneal injection models are not always appropriate for host-pathogen interaction studies in the lung. Utilizing an acute lung inflammation model in mice, it is possible to conduct a high resolution analysis of the host innate immune response utilizing lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Here, we describe the methods to administer LPS using nonsurgical oropharyngeal intratracheal administration, monitor clinical parameters associated with disease pathogenesis, and utilize bronchoalveolar lavage fluid to evaluate the host immune response. The techniques that are described are widely applicable for studying the host innate immune response to a diverse range of PAMPs and pathogens. Likewise, with minor modifications, these techniques can also be applied in studies evaluating allergic airway inflammation and in pharmacological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irving C Allen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University;
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