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Cai Y, Meng J, Cui Y, Tian M, Shi Z, Wang J. Transcriptome and targeted hormone metabolome reveal the molecular mechanisms of flower abscission in camellia. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1076037. [PMID: 36618654 PMCID: PMC9813748 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1076037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Camellia is among the most ornamentally valuable flowers and plants worldwide. Flower abscission typically causes significant financial losses by the horticultural landscape. Previous research has revealed that phytohormones, transcription factors, and other genes involved in floral development regulate the maintenance and mortality of flowers. METHODS In this study, for the first time, the transcriptomes and targeted hormone metabolomics of three developmental stages of the receptacles of two distinct camellia strains (CF: abscission strain, CHF: nonabscission strain) were analyzed to determine their roles in regulating blossom abscission in camellia. RESULTS ABA content was shown to be considerably upregulated throughout all phases of CF development, as were the genes implicated in the ABA production pathway and their downstream counterparts. Highly expressed genes in CF were involved in galactose metabolism, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, amino and nucleotide sugar metabolism, pentose and glucuronate interconversions, and MAPK. Among others, highly expressed genes in CHF are associated with fructose and mannose metabolism, alpha-linolenic acid metabolism, biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, starch and sucrose metabolism, and cutin, suberin, and wax biosynthesis. A vast variety of stress response-related pathways and redox-related activities were also shown to be active in CHF. In contrast, CF dramatically activated pathways associated with lignin production, keratinogenesis, cell wall biogenesis, and ABA response. A comparative transcriptomic study of the CF and CHF pathways revealed that the downstream response pathways of hormones, including CTK, BR, IAA, ethylene, and GA, were very active in CF, indicating a significant amount of signal transduction and transcriptional regulation by CF. In addition, members of the transcription factor family, such as MYB, bHLH, MADS, and WD40, may regulate flower abscission. DISCUSSION A comparative transcriptome analysis of two distinct strains of camellia receptacles elucidates the molecular processes and regulatory characteristics of flower abscission and provides direction for the targeted improvement and breeding of camellia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfei Cai
- Flower Research Institute of Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Ornamental Horticulture, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Jing Meng
- College of Horticulture and Landscape, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yinshan Cui
- Yunnan Pulis Biotechnology Co. Ltd., Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Min Tian
- Flower Research Institute of Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Ornamental Horticulture, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Ziming Shi
- Flower Research Institute of Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Ornamental Horticulture, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Jihua Wang
- Flower Research Institute of Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Ornamental Horticulture, Kunming, Yunnan, China
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Infantes L, Rivera-Moreno M, Daniel-Mozo M, Benavente JL, Ocaña-Cuesta J, Coego A, Lozano-Juste J, Rodriguez PL, Albert A. Structure-Based Modulation of the Ligand Sensitivity of a Tomato Dimeric Abscisic Acid Receptor Through a Glu to Asp Mutation in the Latch Loop. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:884029. [PMID: 35734246 PMCID: PMC9207482 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.884029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The binding of the plant phytohormone Abscisic acid (ABA) to the family of ABA receptors (PYR/PYL/RCAR) triggers plant responses to abiotic stress. Thus, the implementation of genetic or chemical strategies to modulate PYR/PYL activity might be biotechnologically relevant. We have employed the available structural information on the PYR/PYL receptors to design SlPYL1, a tomato receptor, harboring a single point mutation that displays enhanced ABA dependent and independent activity. Interestingly, crystallographic studies show that this mutation is not directly involved in ABA recognition or in the downstream phosphatase (PP2C) inhibitory interaction, rather, molecular dynamic based ensemble refinement restrained by crystallographic data indicates that it enhances the conformational variability required for receptor activation and it is involved in the stabilization of an active form of the receptor. Moreover, structural studies on this receptor have led to the identification of niacin as an ABA antagonist molecule in vivo. We have found that niacin blocks the ABA binding site by mimicking ABA receptor interactions, and the niacin interaction inhibits the biochemical activity of the receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lourdes Infantes
- Instituto de Química Física Rocasolano, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Rivera-Moreno
- Instituto de Química Física Rocasolano, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Daniel-Mozo
- Instituto de Química Física Rocasolano, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Luis Benavente
- Instituto de Química Física Rocasolano, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Ocaña-Cuesta
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Alberto Coego
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Jorge Lozano-Juste
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Pedro L. Rodriguez
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Armando Albert
- Instituto de Química Física Rocasolano, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
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Wan C, Yang D, Liu R, Lu H, Che C, Xu Y, Zhang X, Xiao Y, Li JQ, Qin Z. 1′-OH of ABA and its analogs is a crucial functional group correspondence to seed germination and development of plants. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.131650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Wang Y, Feng C, Wu X, Lu W, Zhang X, Zhang X. Potent ABA-independent activation of engineered PYL3. FEBS Open Bio 2021; 11:1428-1439. [PMID: 33740827 PMCID: PMC8091583 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abscisic acid (ABA) plays a vital role in many developmental processes and the response to adaptive stress in plants. Under drought stress, plants enhance levels of ABA and activate ABA receptors, but under harsh environmental stress, plants usually cannot efficiently synthesize and release sufficient quantities of ABA. The response of plants to harsh environmental stress may be improved through ABA‐independent activation of ABA receptors. The molecular basis of ABA‐independent inhibition of group A protein phosphatases type 2C (PP2Cs) by pyrabactin resistance/Pyr1‐like (PYR1/PYLs) is not yet clear. Here, we used our previously reported structures of PYL3 to first obtain the monomeric PYL3 mutant and then to introduce bulky hydrophobic residue substitutions to promote the closure of the Gate/L6/CL2 loop, thereby mimicking the conformation of ABA occupancy. Through structure‐guided mutagenesis and biochemical characterization, we investigated the mechanism of ABA‐independent activation of PYL3. Two types of PYL3 mutants were obtained: (a) PYL3 V108K V107L V192F can bind to ABA and effectively inhibit HAB1 without ABA; (b) PYL3 V108K V107F V192F, PYL3 V108K V107L V192F L111F and PYL3 V108K V107F V192F L111F cannot recognize ABA but can greatly inhibit HAB1 without ABA. Intriguingly, the ability of PYL3 mutants to bind to ABA was severely compromised if any two of three variable residues (V107, V192 and L111) were mutated into a bulky hydrophobic residue. The introduction of PYL3 mutants into transgenic plants will help elucidate the functionality of PYL3 in vivo and may facilitate the future production of transgenic crops with high yield and tolerance of abiotic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutao Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development and Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chong Feng
- Department of Biological Food and Environment, Hefei University, China
| | - Xiangtao Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical College, Weihui, China
| | - Weihong Lu
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical College, Weihui, China
| | - Xiaoli Zhang
- Institute of Pediatrics, Department of Hematology and Oncology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, China
| | - Xingliang Zhang
- Institute of Pediatrics, Department of Hematology and Oncology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, China.,Department of Pediatrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China.,State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Ceballos-Laita L, Gutierrez-Carbonell E, Takahashi D, Lonsdale A, Abadía A, Doblin MS, Bacic A, Uemura M, Abadía J, López-Millán AF. Effects of Excess Manganese on the Xylem Sap Protein Profile of Tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum) as Revealed by Shotgun Proteomic Analysis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E8863. [PMID: 33238539 PMCID: PMC7700171 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Metal toxicity is a common problem in crop species worldwide. Some metals are naturally toxic, whereas others such as manganese (Mn) are essential micro-nutrients for plant growth but can become toxic when in excess. Changes in the composition of the xylem sap, which is the main pathway for ion transport within the plant, is therefore vital to understanding the plant's response(s) to metal toxicity. In this study we have assessed the effects of exposure of tomato roots to excess Mn on the protein profile of the xylem sap, using a shotgun proteomics approach. Plants were grown in nutrient solution using 4.6 and 300 µM MnCl2 as control and excess Mn treatments, respectively. This approach yielded 668 proteins reliably identified and quantified. Excess Mn caused statistically significant (at p ≤ 0.05) and biologically relevant changes in relative abundance (≥2-fold increases or ≥50% decreases) in 322 proteins, with 82% of them predicted to be secretory using three different prediction tools, with more decreasing than increasing (181 and 82, respectively), suggesting that this metal stress causes an overall deactivation of metabolic pathways. Processes most affected by excess Mn were in the oxido-reductase, polysaccharide and protein metabolism classes. Excess Mn induced changes in hydrolases and peroxidases involved in cell wall degradation and lignin formation, respectively, consistent with the existence of alterations in the cell wall. Protein turnover was also affected, as indicated by the decrease in proteolytic enzymes and protein synthesis-related proteins. Excess Mn modified the redox environment of the xylem sap, with changes in the abundance of oxido-reductase and defense protein classes indicating a stress scenario. Finally, results indicate that excess Mn decreased the amounts of proteins associated with several signaling pathways, including fasciclin-like arabinogalactan-proteins and lipids, as well as proteases, which may be involved in the release of signaling peptides and protein maturation. The comparison of the proteins changing in abundance in xylem sap and roots indicate the existence of tissue-specific and systemic responses to excess Mn. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD021973.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Ceballos-Laita
- Plant Stress Physiology Group, Plant Nutrition Department, Aula Dei Experimental Station, CSIC, P.O. Box 13034, 50080 Zaragoza, Spain; (L.C.-L.); (E.G.-C.); (A.A.); (A.F.L.-M.)
| | - Elain Gutierrez-Carbonell
- Plant Stress Physiology Group, Plant Nutrition Department, Aula Dei Experimental Station, CSIC, P.O. Box 13034, 50080 Zaragoza, Spain; (L.C.-L.); (E.G.-C.); (A.A.); (A.F.L.-M.)
| | - Daisuke Takahashi
- United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Iwate University, Morioka 020-8550, Japan; (D.T.); (M.U.)
| | - Andrew Lonsdale
- School of Biosciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia;
| | - Anunciación Abadía
- Plant Stress Physiology Group, Plant Nutrition Department, Aula Dei Experimental Station, CSIC, P.O. Box 13034, 50080 Zaragoza, Spain; (L.C.-L.); (E.G.-C.); (A.A.); (A.F.L.-M.)
| | - Monika S. Doblin
- La Trobe Institute for Agriculture & Food, Department of Animal, Plant & Soil Sciences, AgriBio Building, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia; (M.S.D.); (A.B.)
| | - Antony Bacic
- La Trobe Institute for Agriculture & Food, Department of Animal, Plant & Soil Sciences, AgriBio Building, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia; (M.S.D.); (A.B.)
| | - Matsuo Uemura
- United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Iwate University, Morioka 020-8550, Japan; (D.T.); (M.U.)
- Department of Plant-bioscience, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka 020-8550, Japan
| | - Javier Abadía
- Plant Stress Physiology Group, Plant Nutrition Department, Aula Dei Experimental Station, CSIC, P.O. Box 13034, 50080 Zaragoza, Spain; (L.C.-L.); (E.G.-C.); (A.A.); (A.F.L.-M.)
| | - Ana Flor López-Millán
- Plant Stress Physiology Group, Plant Nutrition Department, Aula Dei Experimental Station, CSIC, P.O. Box 13034, 50080 Zaragoza, Spain; (L.C.-L.); (E.G.-C.); (A.A.); (A.F.L.-M.)
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Hewage KAH, Yang J, Wang D, Hao G, Yang G, Zhu J. Chemical Manipulation of Abscisic Acid Signaling: A New Approach to Abiotic and Biotic Stress Management in Agriculture. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2020; 7:2001265. [PMID: 32999840 PMCID: PMC7509701 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202001265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) is the best-known stress signaling molecule in plants. ABA protects sessile land plants from biotic and abiotic stresses. The conserved pyrabactin resistance/pyrabactin resistance-like/regulatory component of ABA receptors (PYR/PYL/RCAR) perceives ABA and triggers a cascade of signaling events. A thorough knowledge of the sequential steps of ABA signaling will be necessary for the development of chemicals that control plant stress responses. The core components of the ABA signaling pathway have been identified with adequate characterization. The information available concerning ABA biosynthesis, transport, perception, and metabolism has enabled detailed functional studies on how the protective ability of ABA in plants might be modified to increase plant resistance to stress. Some of the significant contributions to chemical manipulation include ABA biosynthesis inhibitors, and ABA receptor agonists and antagonists. Chemical manipulation of key control points in ABA signaling is important for abiotic and biotic stress management in agriculture. However, a comprehensive review of the current knowledge of chemical manipulation of ABA signaling is lacking. Here, a thorough analysis of recent reports on small-molecule modulation of ABA signaling is provided. The challenges and prospects in the chemical manipulation of ABA signaling for the development of ABA-based agrochemicals are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamalani Achala H. Hewage
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical BiologyMinistry of EducationCollege of ChemistryCentral China Normal UniversityWuhan430079P. R. China
- International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensor Technology and HealthCentral China Normal UniversityWuhan430079P. R. China
| | - Jing‐Fang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical BiologyMinistry of EducationCollege of ChemistryCentral China Normal UniversityWuhan430079P. R. China
- International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensor Technology and HealthCentral China Normal UniversityWuhan430079P. R. China
| | - Di Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical BiologyMinistry of EducationCollege of ChemistryCentral China Normal UniversityWuhan430079P. R. China
- International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensor Technology and HealthCentral China Normal UniversityWuhan430079P. R. China
| | - Ge‐Fei Hao
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical BiologyMinistry of EducationCollege of ChemistryCentral China Normal UniversityWuhan430079P. R. China
- International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensor Technology and HealthCentral China Normal UniversityWuhan430079P. R. China
| | - Guang‐Fu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical BiologyMinistry of EducationCollege of ChemistryCentral China Normal UniversityWuhan430079P. R. China
- International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensor Technology and HealthCentral China Normal UniversityWuhan430079P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and EngineeringTianjin300072P. R. China
| | - Jian‐Kang Zhu
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biologyand CAS Center of Excellence in Molecular Plant SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai20032P. R. China
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape ArchitecturePurdue UniversityWest LafayetteIN47907USA
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Che C, Zeng Y, Xu Y, Lu H, Xu Y, Zhang X, Xiao Y, Li JQ, Qin Z. APA n, a Class of ABA Receptor Agonism/Antagonism Switching Probes. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:8524-8534. [PMID: 32687337 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c02154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In plants, biosynthesized ABA undergoes two important physiological processes of signal transduction and metabolism simultaneously. In this study, we described a class of ABA receptor agonist/antagonist switching probes APAn, which can regulate the agonistic activity or antagonistic activity according to the length of a 6'-alkoxyl chain. From APA1 to APA6, with the extension of the alkoxyl chain, it showed a gradually increased receptor-binding potential and decreased HAB1 inhibition activity. Theoretical analysis based on molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation revealed that some factors outside the ligand-binding pocket in receptors could also affect the binding of the ligand to the receptor, for example, the van der Waals interaction between the alkyl chain in APAn and the 3'-tunnel of ABA receptors made it bind more tightly than iso-PhABA. This enhanced binding made it an antagonist rather than a weakened agonist.
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Yoshida K, Kondoh Y, Iwahashi F, Nakano T, Honda K, Nagano E, Osada H. Abscisic Acid Derivatives with Different Alkyl Chain Lengths Activate Distinct Abscisic Acid Receptor Subfamilies. ACS Chem Biol 2019; 14:1964-1971. [PMID: 31497942 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.9b00453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA) regulates the development of various plant organs including seeds, roots, and fruits, and significantly contributes to abiotic stress responses, especially to drought. Since recent climate changes are adversely affecting crop cultivation, enhancement of plant stress tolerance by regulation of ABA signaling would be an important strategy. In the plant genome, ABA receptors are encoded by multiple genes constituting three subfamilies; however, functional differences among them remain unclear. To enhance desired effects of ABA, the biological functions of the receptor family warrant clarification. This study aimed to determine the functional differences among ABA receptors in plants. We screened small-molecule ligands binding to specific receptors, using a chemical array. In vitro evaluation of hit compounds using 11 Arabidopsis ABA receptors revealed that (+)-3'-alkyl ABAs served as agonists for different receptors depending on the length of their 3'-alkyl chains. Combinatorial in vitro and physiological effects of these compounds on the stomata, seeds, and seedlings indicated that, along with subfamily III, receptors of subfamily II are important to induce strong drought responses. Among (+)-3'-alkyl ABAs assessed herein, (+)-3'-butyl ABA induced a transcriptional response and stomatal closure but only slightly inhibited seed germination and growth, suggesting that it enhances drought tolerance. In silico docking simulation and site-directed mutagenesis revealed the amino acid residues contributing to the selective agonist activity of the (+)-3'-alkyl ABAs. These results provide novel insights into the structure and biological effects of 3'-derivatives of ABA and a basis for agrochemical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuko Yoshida
- Chemical Biology Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Yasumitsu Kondoh
- Chemical Biology Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Fukumatsu Iwahashi
- Health & Crop Sciences Research Laboratory, Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd., 4-2-1 Takarazuka, Hyogo 665-8555, Japan
| | - Takeshi Nakano
- Gene Discovery Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Kaori Honda
- Chemical Biology Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Eiki Nagano
- Health & Crop Sciences Research Laboratory, Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd., 4-2-1 Takarazuka, Hyogo 665-8555, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Osada
- Chemical Biology Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
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Yang T, Liu T, Gan J, Yu K, Chen K, Xue W, Lan L, Yang S, Yang CG. Structural Insight into the Mechanism of Staphylococcus aureus Stp1 Phosphatase. ACS Infect Dis 2019; 5:841-850. [PMID: 30868877 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.8b00316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus Stp1, which belongs to the bacterial metal-dependent protein phosphatase (PPM) family, is a promising candidate for antivirulence targeting. How Stp1 recognizes the phosphorylated peptide remains unclear, however. In order to investigate the recognition mechanism of Stp1 in depth, we have determined a series of crystal structures of S. aureus Stp1 in different states and the structural complex of Stp1 bound with a phosphorylated peptide His12. Different phosphorylated peptides, including MgrA- and GraR-derived phosphopeptides, are substrates of Stp1, which supports the function of Stp1 as a selective Ser/Thr phosphatase. In addition, interestingly, the crystal structures of R161-Stp1 variants combined with the biochemical activity validations have uncovered that R161 residue plays a key role to control the conformation switches of the flap domain in order to facilitate substrate binding and the dephosphorylation process. Our findings provide crucial structural insight into the molecular mechanism of S. aureus Stp1 phosphatase and reveal the phosphorylated peptides for biochemistry study and inhibitor screening of Stp1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng Yang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, 2708 South Huaxi Road, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, P. R. China
| | - Tingting Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, P. R. China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Jianhua Gan
- School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Kunqian Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, P. R. China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Kaixian Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, P. R. China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Wei Xue
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, 2708 South Huaxi Road, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, P. R. China
| | - Lefu Lan
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, P. R. China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Song Yang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, 2708 South Huaxi Road, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, P. R. China
| | - Cai-Guang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, P. R. China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
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10
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Dewetting Controls Plant Hormone Perception and Initiation of Drought Resistance Signaling. Structure 2019; 27:692-702.e3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2018.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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11
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Mikame Y, Yoshida K, Hashizume D, Hirai G, Nagasawa K, Osada H, Sodeoka M. Synthesis of All Stereoisomers of RK460 and Evaluation of Their Activity and Selectivity as Abscisic Acid Receptor Antagonists. Chemistry 2019; 25:3496-3500. [PMID: 30589135 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201806056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The PYR/PYL/RCAR protein families have recently emerged as receptors of the phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA, 1), which regulates plant responses to environmental stress. These families have multiple members with different physiological actions, and so selective agonists or antagonists are needed both as tools to elucidate functional differences and as lead compounds for agrochemicals. We previously identified RK460 (rac-3 a) as a PYR1-selective antagonist, and showed that it possesses five stereocenters on a 6,5-cis-bicyclo skeleton. Here, we synthesized all the stereoisomers of RK460 and evaluated their activity towards a panel of receptors. Relative stereochemistry as well as absolute stereochemistry was important for selective action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Mikame
- Synthetic Organic Chemistry Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan.,Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16, Naka-cho, Ko-ganei, Tokyo, 184-8588, Japan
| | - Kazuko Yoshida
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Daisuke Hashizume
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Go Hirai
- Synthetic Organic Chemistry Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan.,RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan.,Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Kazuo Nagasawa
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16, Naka-cho, Ko-ganei, Tokyo, 184-8588, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Osada
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Mikiko Sodeoka
- Synthetic Organic Chemistry Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan.,RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan.,Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
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12
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Tao F, Liu H. Molecular Dynamics Simulations Reveal Differentiated Context-Dependent Conformational Dynamics of Two Proteins of the Same Family. J Phys Chem B 2018; 122:10686-10699. [PMID: 30407824 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.8b08468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The Arabidopsis pyrabactin resistant 1 (PYR1)-like family of proteins (PYLs) are receptors of abscisic acid (ABA), an essential small signaling molecule in plants. Here, we report a comparative molecular dynamics (MD) study on two PYL members, PYR1 and PYL10, which, despite their highly similar sequences and structures, have been suggested to belong to two different subclasses of PYLs, one being dimeric and relying on binding to ABA to inhibit downstream type 2C protein phosphatases (PP2Cs) and the other being monomeric and able to constitutively inhibit downstream PP2Cs without ABA. MD simulations have been carried out on these proteins in various monomeric or complexation states. Analyses of the simulations unambiguously confirm that ABA has large effects on the conformational dynamics of PYR1 but not PYL10, whereas a downstream PP2C has much larger effects on PYL10 than on PYR1. The differentiated effects are consistent with the functional differences between the two proteins. Potential of mean forces (PMFs) calculated by umbrella sampling showed that binding to ABA strengthens the PYR1-PP2C complex, increasing the PMF change for dissociation from 7.5 to 12.0 kcal mol-1. On the other hand, the same PMF change for an apo-PYL10-PP2C complex was computed to be 9.5 kcal mol-1, suggesting stronger binding in apo-PYL10-PP2C than in apo-PYR1-PP2C. Several specific sequence features that may contribute to the functional differentiation between PYR1 and PYL10 are suggested based on the intersubunit residue-residue contacts occurred in the simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Tao
- School of Life Sciences , University of Science and Technology of China , 230027 Hefei , Anhui , China
| | - Haiyan Liu
- School of Life Sciences , University of Science and Technology of China , 230027 Hefei , Anhui , China.,Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscales , 230027 Hefei , Anhui , China
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13
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Liu M, Ma Z, Zheng T, Sun W, Zhang Y, Jin W, Zhan J, Cai Y, Tang Y, Wu Q, Tang Z, Bu T, Li C, Chen H. Insights into the correlation between Physiological changes in and seed development of tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum Gaertn.). BMC Genomics 2018; 19:648. [PMID: 30170551 PMCID: PMC6119279 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-018-5036-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum Gaertn.) is a widely cultivated medicinal and edible crop with excellent economic and nutritional value. The development of tartary buckwheat seeds is a very complex process involving many expression-dependent physiological changes and regulation of a large number of genes and phytohormones. In recent years, the gene regulatory network governing the physiological changes occurring during seed development have received little attention. RESULTS Here, we characterized the seed development of tartary buckwheat using light and electron microscopy and measured phytohormone and nutrient accumulation by using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and by profiling the expression of key genes using RNA sequencing with the support of the tartary buckwheat genome. We first divided the development of tartary buckwheat seed into five stages that include complex changes in development, morphology, physiology and phytohormone levels. At the same time, the contents of phytohormones (gibberellin, indole-3-acetic acid, abscisic acid, and zeatin) and nutrients (rutin, starch, total proteins and soluble sugars) at five stages were determined, and their accumulation patterns in the development of tartary buckwheat seeds were analyzed. Second, gene expression patterns of tartary buckwheat samples were compared during three seed developmental stages (13, 19, and 25 days postanthesis, DPA), and 9 765 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified. We analyzed the overlapping DEGs in different sample combinations and measured 665 DEGs in the three samples. Furthermore, expression patterns of DEGs related to phytohormones, flavonoids, starch, and storage proteins were analyzed. Third, we noted the correlation between the trait (physiological changes, nutrient changes) and metabolites during seed development, and discussed the key genes that might be involved in the synthesis and degradation of each of them. CONCLUSION We provided abundant genomic resources for tartary buckwheat and Polygonaceae communities and revealed novel molecular insights into the correlations between the physiological changes and seed development of tartary buckwheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moyang Liu
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an, China
| | - Zhaotang Ma
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an, China
| | - Tianrun Zheng
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an, China
| | - Wenjun Sun
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an, China
| | - Yanjun Zhang
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an, China
| | - Weiqiong Jin
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an, China
| | - Junyi Zhan
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an, China
| | - Yuntao Cai
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an, China
| | - Yujia Tang
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an, China
| | - Qi Wu
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an, China
| | - Zizhong Tang
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an, China
| | - Tongliang Bu
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an, China
| | - Chenglei Li
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an, China
| | - Hui Chen
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an, China
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14
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Search for Partner Proteins of A. thaliana Immunophilins Involved in the Control of Plant Immunity. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23040953. [PMID: 29671793 PMCID: PMC6017422 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23040953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The involvement of plant immunophilins in multiple essential processes such as development, various ways of adapting to biotic and abiotic stresses, and photosynthesis has already been established. Previously, research has demonstrated the involvement of three immunophilin genes (AtCYP19-1/ROC3, AtFKBP65/ROF2, and AtCYP57) in the control of plant response to invasion by various pathogens. Current research attempts to identify host target proteins for each of the selected immunophilins. As a result, candidate interactors have been determined and confirmed using a yeast 2-hybrid (Y2H) system for protein–protein interaction assays. The generation of mutant isoforms of ROC3 and AtCYP57 harboring substituted amino acids in the in silico-predicted active sites became essential to achieving significant binding to its target partners. This data shows that ROF2 targets calcium-dependent lipid-binding domain-containing protein (At1g70790; AT1) and putative protein phosphatase (At2g30020; АТ2), whereas ROC3 interacts with GTP-binding protein (At1g30580; ENGD-1) and RmlC-like cupin (At5g39120). The immunophilin AtCYP57 binds to putative pyruvate decarboxylase-1 (Pdc1) and clathrin adaptor complex-related protein (At5g05010). Identified interactors confirm our previous findings that immunophilins ROC3, ROF2, and AtCYP57 are directly involved with stress response control. Further, these findings extend our understanding of the molecular functional pathways of these immunophilins.
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15
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Silvaroli JA, Pleshinger MJ, Banerjee S, Kiser PD, Golczak M. Enzyme That Makes You Cry-Crystal Structure of Lachrymatory Factor Synthase from Allium cepa. ACS Chem Biol 2017; 12:2296-2304. [PMID: 28708375 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.7b00336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The biochemical pathway that gives onions their savor is part of the chemical warfare against microbes and animals. This defense mechanism involves formation of a volatile lachrymatory factor (LF) ((Z)-propanethial S-oxide) that causes familiar eye irritation associated with onion chopping. LF is produced in a reaction catalyzed by lachrymatory factor synthase (LFS). The principles by which LFS facilitates conversion of a sulfenic acid substrate into LF have been difficult to experimentally examine owing to the inherent substrate reactivity and lability of LF. To shed light on the mechanism of LF production in the onion, we solved crystal structures of LFS in an apo-form and in complex with a substrate analogue, crotyl alcohol. The enzyme closely resembles the helix-grip fold characteristic for plant representatives of the START (star-related lipid transfer) domain-containing protein superfamily. By comparing the structures of LFS to that of the abscisic acid receptor, PYL10, a representative of the START protein superfamily, we elucidated structural adaptations underlying the catalytic activity of LFS. We also delineated the architecture of the active site, and based on the orientation of the ligand, we propose a mechanism of catalysis that involves sequential proton transfer accompanied by formation of a carbanion intermediate. These findings reconcile chemical and biochemical information regarding thioaldehyde S-oxide formation and close a long-lasting gap in understanding of the mechanism responsible for LF production in the onion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josie A. Silvaroli
- Department
of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
| | - Matthew J. Pleshinger
- Department
of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
- College of Wooster, Wooster, Ohio, United States
| | - Surajit Banerjee
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States
- Northeastern
Collaborative Access Team, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois, United States
| | - Philip D. Kiser
- Department
of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
- Research
Service, Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
- Cleveland
Center for Membrane and Structural Biology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
| | - Marcin Golczak
- Department
of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
- Cleveland
Center for Membrane and Structural Biology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
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16
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Miyakawa T, Tanokura M. Structural basis for the regulation of phytohormone receptors. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2017; 81:1261-1273. [PMID: 28417669 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2017.1313696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Phytohormones are central players in diverse plant physiological events, such as plant growth, development, and environmental stress and defense responses. The elucidation of their regulatory mechanisms through phytohormone receptors could facilitate the generation of transgenic crops with cultivation advantages and the rational design of growth control chemicals. During the last decade, accumulated structural data on phytohormone receptors have provided critical insights into the molecular mechanisms of phytohormone perception and signal transduction. Here, we review the structural bases of phytohormone recognition and receptor activation. As a common feature, phytohormones regulate the interaction between the receptors and their respective target proteins (also called co-receptors) by two types of regulatory mechanisms, acting as either "molecular glue" or an "allosteric regulator." However, individual phytohormone receptors adopt specific structural features that are essential for activation. In addition, recent studies have focused on the molecular diversity of redundant phytohormone receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Miyakawa
- a Department of Applied Biological Chemistry , Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Masaru Tanokura
- a Department of Applied Biological Chemistry , Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo , Tokyo , Japan
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17
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Han X, Jiang L, Che C, Wan C, Lu H, Xiao Y, Xu Y, Chen Z, Qin Z. Design and Functional Characterization of a Novel Abscisic Acid Analog. Sci Rep 2017; 7:43863. [PMID: 28272449 PMCID: PMC5341028 DOI: 10.1038/srep43863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) plays a crucial role in mediating plant growth and development by recruiting genetically redundant ABA receptors. To overcome its oxidation inactivation, we developed a novel ABA analog named 2',3'-benzo-iso-ABA (iso-PhABA) and studied its function and structural characterization with A. thaliana ABA receptors. The (+)-iso-PhABA form showed much higher ABA-like activities than (+)-ABA including inhibitory effects on the seed germination of lettuce and A. thaliana, wheat embryo germination and rice seedling elongation. The PP2C (protein phosphatases 2C) activity assay showed that (+)-iso-PhABA acted as a potent and selective ABA receptor agonist, which is preferred to PYL10. In some cases, (-)-iso-PhABA showed moderate to high activity for the PYL protein inhibiting PP2C activity, suggesting different mechanisms of action of iso-PhABA and ABA. The complex crystal structure of iso-PhABA with PYL10 was determined and elucidated successfully, revealing that (+)-iso-PhABA was better coordinated in the same binding pocket compared to (+)-ABA. Moreover, the detailed interaction network of iso-PhABA/PYL10 was disclosed and involves hydrogen bonds and multiple hydrophobic interactions that provide a robust framework for the design of novel ABA receptor agonists/antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqiang Han
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- College of Agricultural, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832000, China
| | - Lun Jiang
- College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Chuanliang Che
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Chuan Wan
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Huizhe Lu
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yumei Xiao
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yanjun Xu
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zhongzhou Chen
- College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zhaohai Qin
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
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18
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Weng JK, Ye M, Li B, Noel JP. Co-evolution of Hormone Metabolism and Signaling Networks Expands Plant Adaptive Plasticity. Cell 2016; 166:881-893. [PMID: 27518563 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2016.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2015] [Revised: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Classically, hormones elicit specific cellular responses by activating dedicated receptors. Nevertheless, the biosynthesis and turnover of many of these hormone molecules also produce chemically related metabolites. These molecules may also possess hormonal activities; therefore, one or more may contribute to the adaptive plasticity of signaling outcomes in host organisms. Here, we show that a catabolite of the plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA), namely phaseic acid (PA), likely emerged in seed plants as a signaling molecule that fine-tunes plant physiology, environmental adaptation, and development. This trait was facilitated by both the emergence-selection of a PA reductase that modulates PA concentrations and by the functional diversification of the ABA receptor family to perceive and respond to PA. Our results suggest that PA serves as a hormone in seed plants through activation of a subset of ABA receptors. This study demonstrates that the co-evolution of hormone metabolism and signaling networks can expand organismal resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Ke Weng
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Jack H. Skirball Center for Chemical Biology and Proteomics, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Mingli Ye
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Jack H. Skirball Center for Chemical Biology and Proteomics, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, San Diego School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Joseph P Noel
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Jack H. Skirball Center for Chemical Biology and Proteomics, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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19
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Waadt R, Hsu PK, Schroeder JI. Abscisic acid and other plant hormones: Methods to visualize distribution and signaling. Bioessays 2016; 37:1338-49. [PMID: 26577078 DOI: 10.1002/bies.201500115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The exploration of plant behavior on a cellular scale in a minimal invasive manner is key to understanding plant adaptations to their environment. Plant hormones regulate multiple aspects of growth and development and mediate environmental responses to ensure a successful life cycle. To monitor the dynamics of plant hormone actions in intact tissue, we need qualitative and quantitative tools with high temporal and spatial resolution. Here, we describe a set of biological instruments (reporters) for the analysis of the distribution and signaling of various plant hormones. Furthermore, we provide examples of their utility for gaining novel insights into plant hormone action with a deeper focus on the drought hormone abscisic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rainer Waadt
- Centre for Organismal Studies, Plant Developmental Biology, Ruprecht-Karls-University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Division of Biological Sciences, Cell and Developmental Biology Section and Centre for Food and Fuel for the 21st Century, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Po-Kai Hsu
- Division of Biological Sciences, Cell and Developmental Biology Section and Centre for Food and Fuel for the 21st Century, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Julian I Schroeder
- Division of Biological Sciences, Cell and Developmental Biology Section and Centre for Food and Fuel for the 21st Century, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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20
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Aleman F, Yazaki J, Lee M, Takahashi Y, Kim AY, Li Z, Kinoshita T, Ecker JR, Schroeder JI. An ABA-increased interaction of the PYL6 ABA receptor with MYC2 Transcription Factor: A putative link of ABA and JA signaling. Sci Rep 2016; 6:28941. [PMID: 27357749 PMCID: PMC4928087 DOI: 10.1038/srep28941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Abscisic acid (ABA) is a plant hormone that mediates abiotic stress tolerance and regulates growth and development. ABA binds to members of the PYL/RCAR ABA receptor family that initiate signal transduction inhibiting type 2C protein phosphatases. Although crosstalk between ABA and the hormone Jasmonic Acid (JA) has been shown, the molecular entities that mediate this interaction have yet to be fully elucidated. We report a link between ABA and JA signaling through a direct interaction of the ABA receptor PYL6 (RCAR9) with the basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor MYC2. PYL6 and MYC2 interact in yeast two hybrid assays and the interaction is enhanced in the presence of ABA. PYL6 and MYC2 interact in planta based on bimolecular fluorescence complementation and co-immunoprecipitation of the proteins. Furthermore, PYL6 was able to modify transcription driven by MYC2 using JAZ6 and JAZ8 DNA promoter elements in yeast one hybrid assays. Finally, pyl6 T-DNA mutant plants show an increased sensitivity to the addition of JA along with ABA in cotyledon expansion experiments. Overall, the present study identifies a direct mechanism for transcriptional modulation mediated by an ABA receptor different from the core ABA signaling pathway, and a putative mechanistic link connecting ABA and JA signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Aleman
- Division of Biological Sciences, Cell and Developmental Biology Section, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Junshi Yazaki
- Plant Biology Laboratory, Genomic Analysis Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California, 92037 USA
| | - Melissa Lee
- Division of Biological Sciences, Cell and Developmental Biology Section, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Yohei Takahashi
- Division of Biological Sciences, Cell and Developmental Biology Section, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Alice Y. Kim
- Plant Biology Laboratory, Genomic Analysis Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California, 92037 USA
| | - Zixing Li
- Division of Biological Sciences, Cell and Developmental Biology Section, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Toshinori Kinoshita
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Joseph R. Ecker
- Plant Biology Laboratory, Genomic Analysis Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California, 92037 USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California, 92037 USA
| | - Julian I. Schroeder
- Division of Biological Sciences, Cell and Developmental Biology Section, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
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21
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Aleman F, Yazaki J, Lee M, Takahashi Y, Kim AY, Li Z, Kinoshita T, Ecker JR, Schroeder JI. An ABA-increased interaction of the PYL6 ABA receptor with MYC2 Transcription Factor: A putative link of ABA and JA signaling. Sci Rep 2016; 6:28941. [PMID: 27357749 DOI: 10.1038/srep2894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Abscisic acid (ABA) is a plant hormone that mediates abiotic stress tolerance and regulates growth and development. ABA binds to members of the PYL/RCAR ABA receptor family that initiate signal transduction inhibiting type 2C protein phosphatases. Although crosstalk between ABA and the hormone Jasmonic Acid (JA) has been shown, the molecular entities that mediate this interaction have yet to be fully elucidated. We report a link between ABA and JA signaling through a direct interaction of the ABA receptor PYL6 (RCAR9) with the basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor MYC2. PYL6 and MYC2 interact in yeast two hybrid assays and the interaction is enhanced in the presence of ABA. PYL6 and MYC2 interact in planta based on bimolecular fluorescence complementation and co-immunoprecipitation of the proteins. Furthermore, PYL6 was able to modify transcription driven by MYC2 using JAZ6 and JAZ8 DNA promoter elements in yeast one hybrid assays. Finally, pyl6 T-DNA mutant plants show an increased sensitivity to the addition of JA along with ABA in cotyledon expansion experiments. Overall, the present study identifies a direct mechanism for transcriptional modulation mediated by an ABA receptor different from the core ABA signaling pathway, and a putative mechanistic link connecting ABA and JA signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Aleman
- Division of Biological Sciences, Cell and Developmental Biology Section, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Junshi Yazaki
- Plant Biology Laboratory, Genomic Analysis Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California, 92037 USA
| | - Melissa Lee
- Division of Biological Sciences, Cell and Developmental Biology Section, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Yohei Takahashi
- Division of Biological Sciences, Cell and Developmental Biology Section, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Alice Y Kim
- Plant Biology Laboratory, Genomic Analysis Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California, 92037 USA
| | - Zixing Li
- Division of Biological Sciences, Cell and Developmental Biology Section, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Toshinori Kinoshita
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Joseph R Ecker
- Plant Biology Laboratory, Genomic Analysis Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California, 92037 USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California, 92037 USA
| | - Julian I Schroeder
- Division of Biological Sciences, Cell and Developmental Biology Section, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
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22
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Abstract
Lipids are important signaling compounds in plants. They can range from small lipophilic molecules like the dicarboxylic acid Azelaic acid to complex phosphoglycerolipids and regulate plant development as well as the response to biotic and abiotic stress. While their intracellular function is well described, several lipophilic signals are known to be found in the plant phloem and can, thus, also play a role in long-distance signaling. Mostly, they play a role in the pathogen response and systemic acquired resistance. This is particularly true for oxylipins, dehydroabietinal, and azelaic acid. However, several phospholipids have now been described in phloem exudates. Their intracellular function as well as implications and a model for long-distance signaling are discussed in this chapter.
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23
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Helander JDM, Vaidya AS, Cutler SR. Chemical manipulation of plant water use. Bioorg Med Chem 2015; 24:493-500. [PMID: 26612713 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2015.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Revised: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Agricultural productivity is dictated by water availability and consequently drought is the major source of crop losses worldwide. The phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) is elevated in response to water deficit and modulates drought tolerance by reducing water consumption and inducing other drought-protective responses. The recent identification of ABA receptors, elucidation of their structures and understanding of the core ABA signaling network has created new opportunities for agrochemical development. An unusually large gene family encodes ABA receptors and, until recently, it was unclear if selective or pan-agonists would be necessary for modulating water use. The recent identification of the selective agonist quinabactin has resolved this issue and defined Pyrabactin Resistance 1 (PYR1) and its close relatives as key targets for water use control. This review provides an overview of the structure and function of ABA receptors, progress in the development of synthetic agonists, and the use of orthogonal receptors to enable agrochemical control in transgenic plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan D M Helander
- Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, Center for Plant Cell Biology, and Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Aditya S Vaidya
- Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, Center for Plant Cell Biology, and Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Sean R Cutler
- Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, Center for Plant Cell Biology, and Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
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Ito T, Kondoh Y, Yoshida K, Umezawa T, Shimizu T, Shinozaki K, Osada H. Novel Abscisic Acid Antagonists Identified with Chemical Array Screening. Chembiochem 2015; 16:2471-8. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201500429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Ito
- Chemical Biology Research Group; RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science; Wako Saitama 351-0198 Japan
- Gene Discovery Research Group; RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science; Yokohama Kanagawa 230-0045 Japan
| | - Yasumitsu Kondoh
- Chemical Biology Research Group; RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science; Wako Saitama 351-0198 Japan
| | - Kazuko Yoshida
- Chemical Biology Research Group; RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science; Wako Saitama 351-0198 Japan
| | - Taishi Umezawa
- Graduate School of Bio-Applications and Systems Engineering; Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology; Yokohama Koganei Tokyo 184-8588 Japan
| | - Takeshi Shimizu
- Chemical Biology Research Group; RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science; Wako Saitama 351-0198 Japan
| | - Kazuo Shinozaki
- Gene Discovery Research Group; RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science; Yokohama Kanagawa 230-0045 Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Osada
- Chemical Biology Research Group; RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science; Wako Saitama 351-0198 Japan
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Synthesis, resolution and biological evaluation of cyclopropyl analogs of abscisic acid. Bioorg Med Chem 2015; 23:6210-7. [PMID: 26296912 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2015.07.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Revised: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
cis-2,3-Cyclopropanated abscisic acid (cis-CpABA) has high photostability and good ABA-like activity. To further investigate its activity and action mechanism, 2S,3S-2,3-cyclopropanated ABA (3a) and 2R,3R-2,3-cyclopropanated ABA (3b) were synthesized. Bioassay showed that 3a displayed higher inhibitory activity in germination than that of 3b and ABA at the concentration of 3.0 μM, but 3a and 3b had much weaker inhibitory activity in inhibition seedling growth compared to ABA. The study of photostability revealed that 3a and 3b showed high stability under UV light exposure, which were 4 times and 3 times greater than (±)-ABA, respectively. Action mechanism study showed that 3a presented higher inhibition on phosphatase activity of HAB1 than 3b, although they all inferior to ABA. Molecular docking studies of 3a, 3b and ABA receptor PYL10 were agreement with the bioassay data and confirmed the importance of the configuration of the 2,3-cyclopropyl ABA analogs for their bioactivity in somewhat. This study provides a new approach for the design of ABA analogs, and the results validated structure-based design for this target class.
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Benson CL, Kepka M, Wunschel C, Rajagopalan N, Nelson KM, Christmann A, Abrams SR, Grill E, Loewen MC. Abscisic acid analogs as chemical probes for dissection of abscisic acid responses in Arabidopsis thaliana. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2015; 113:96-107. [PMID: 24726371 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2014.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2013] [Revised: 03/06/2014] [Accepted: 03/13/2014] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Abscisic acid (ABA) is a phytohormone known to mediate numerous plant developmental processes and responses to environmental stress. In Arabidopsis thaliana, ABA acts, through a genetically redundant family of ABA receptors entitled Regulatory Component of ABA Receptor (RCAR)/Pyrabactin Resistant 1 (PYR1)/Pyrabactin Resistant-Like (PYL) receptors comprised of thirteen homologues acting in concert with a seven-member set of phosphatases. The individual contributions of A. thaliana RCARs and their binding partners with respect to specific physiological functions are as yet poorly understood. Towards developing efficacious plant growth regulators selective for specific ABA functions and tools for elucidating ABA perception, a panel of ABA analogs altered specifically on positions around the ABA ring was assembled. These analogs have been used to probe thirteen RCARs and four type 2C protein phosphatases (PP2Cs) and were also screened against representative physiological assays in the model plant Arabidopsis. The 1'-O methyl ether of (S)-ABA was identified as selective in that, at physiologically relevant levels, it regulates stomatal aperture and improves drought tolerance, but does not inhibit germination or root growth. Analogs with the 7'- and 8'-methyl groups of the ABA ring replaced with bulkier groups generally retained the activity and stereoselectivity of (S)- and (R)-ABA, while alteration of the 9'-methyl group afforded an analog that substituted for ABA in inhibiting germination but neither root growth nor stomatal closure. Further in vitro testing indicated differences in binding of analogs to individual RCARs, as well as differences in the enzyme activity resulting from specific PP2Cs bound to RCAR-analog complexes. Ultimately, these findings highlight the potential of a broader chemical genetics approach for dissection of the complex network mediating ABA-perception, signaling and functionality within a given species and modifications in the future design of ABA agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chantel L Benson
- National Research Council of Canada, 110 Gymnasium Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0W9, Canada
| | - Michal Kepka
- Lehrstuhl für Botanik, Technische Universität München, D-85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Christian Wunschel
- Lehrstuhl für Botanik, Technische Universität München, D-85354 Freising, Germany
| | | | - Ken M Nelson
- National Research Council of Canada, 110 Gymnasium Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0W9, Canada
| | - Alexander Christmann
- Lehrstuhl für Botanik, Technische Universität München, D-85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Suzanne R Abrams
- Department of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.
| | - Erwin Grill
- Lehrstuhl für Botanik, Technische Universität München, D-85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Michele C Loewen
- National Research Council of Canada, 110 Gymnasium Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0W9, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
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27
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Takeuchi J, Ohnishi T, Okamoto M, Todoroki Y. Conformationally restricted 3′-modified ABA analogs for controlling ABA receptors. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 13:4278-88. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ob02662d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
(+)-PAO4 is a conformationally restricted analog of AS6 that was synthesized to improve the affinity for PYL proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Takeuchi
- Graduate School of Agriculture
- Shizuoka University
- Shizuoka 422-8529
- Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Ohnishi
- Graduate School of Agriculture
- Shizuoka University
- Shizuoka 422-8529
- Japan
- Research Institute of Green Science and Technology
| | - Masanori Okamoto
- Arid Land Research Center
- Tottori University
- Tottori 680-0001
- Japan
| | - Yasushi Todoroki
- Graduate School of Agriculture
- Shizuoka University
- Shizuoka 422-8529
- Japan
- Research Institute of Green Science and Technology
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28
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Zhang XL, Jiang L, Xin Q, Liu Y, Tan JX, Chen ZZ. Structural basis and functions of abscisic acid receptors PYLs. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:88. [PMID: 25745428 PMCID: PMC4333806 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2014] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Abscisic acid (ABA) plays a key role in many developmental processes and responses to adaptive stresses in plants. Recently, a new family of nucleocytoplasmic PYR/PYL/RCAR (PYLs) has been identified as bona fide ABA receptors. PYLs together with protein phosphatases type-2C (PP2Cs), Snf1 (Sucrose-non-fermentation 1)-related kinases subfamily 2 (SnRK2s) and downstream substrates constitute the core ABA signaling network. Generally, PP2Cs inactivate SnRK2s kinases by physical interaction and direct dephosphorylation. Upon ABA binding, PYLs change their conformations and then contact and inhibit PP2Cs, thus activating SnRK2s. Here, we reviewed the recent progress in research regarding the structures of the core signaling pathways of ABA, including the (+)-ABA, (-)-ABA and ABA analogs pyrabactin as well as 6AS perception by PYLs, SnRK2s mimicking PYLs in binding PP2Cs. PYLs inhibited PP2Cs in both the presence and absence of ABA and activated SnRK2s. The present review elucidates multiple ABA signal perception and transduction by PYLs, which might shed light on how to design small chemical compounds for improving plant performance in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing L. Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical CollegeZhanjiang, China
- *Correspondence: Xing L. Zhang, Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang 524001, China e-mail:
| | - Lun Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural UniversityBeijing, China
| | - Qi Xin
- National Center for Nanoscience and TechnologyBeijing, China
| | - Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural UniversityBeijing, China
| | - Jian X. Tan
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical CollegeZhanjiang, China
| | - Zhong Z. Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural UniversityBeijing, China
- Zhong Z. Chen, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China e-mail:
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29
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González-Guzmán M, Rodríguez L, Lorenzo-Orts L, Pons C, Sarrión-Perdigones A, Fernández MA, Peirats-Llobet M, Forment J, Moreno-Alvero M, Cutler SR, Albert A, Granell A, Rodríguez PL. Tomato PYR/PYL/RCAR abscisic acid receptors show high expression in root, differential sensitivity to the abscisic acid agonist quinabactin, and the capability to enhance plant drought resistance. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2014; 65:4451-64. [PMID: 24863435 PMCID: PMC4112642 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eru219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Abscisic acid (ABA) plays a crucial role in the plant's response to both biotic and abiotic stress. Sustainable production of food faces several key challenges, particularly the generation of new varieties with improved water use efficiency and drought tolerance. Different studies have shown the potential applications of Arabidopsis PYR/PYL/RCAR ABA receptors to enhance plant drought resistance. Consequently the functional characterization of orthologous genes in crops holds promise for agriculture. The full set of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) PYR/PYL/RCAR ABA receptors have been identified here. From the 15 putative tomato ABA receptors, 14 of them could be grouped in three subfamilies that correlated well with corresponding Arabidopsis subfamilies. High levels of expression of PYR/PYL/RCAR genes was found in tomato root, and some genes showed predominant expression in leaf and fruit tissues. Functional characterization of tomato receptors was performed through interaction assays with Arabidopsis and tomato clade A protein phosphatase type 2Cs (PP2Cs) as well as phosphatase inhibition studies. Tomato receptors were able to inhibit the activity of clade A PP2Cs differentially in an ABA-dependent manner, and at least three receptors were sensitive to the ABA agonist quinabactin, which inhibited tomato seed germination. Indeed, the chemical activation of ABA signalling induced by quinabactin was able to activate stress-responsive genes. Both dimeric and monomeric tomato receptors were functional in Arabidopsis plant cells, but only overexpression of monomeric-type receptors conferred enhanced drought resistance. In summary, gene expression analyses, and chemical and transgenic approaches revealed distinct properties of tomato PYR/PYL/RCAR ABA receptors that might have biotechnological implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel González-Guzmán
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas-Universidad Politecnica de Valencia, ES-46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Lesia Rodríguez
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas-Universidad Politecnica de Valencia, ES-46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Laura Lorenzo-Orts
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas-Universidad Politecnica de Valencia, ES-46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Clara Pons
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas-Universidad Politecnica de Valencia, ES-46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Alejandro Sarrión-Perdigones
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas-Universidad Politecnica de Valencia, ES-46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Maria A Fernández
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas-Universidad Politecnica de Valencia, ES-46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Marta Peirats-Llobet
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas-Universidad Politecnica de Valencia, ES-46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Javier Forment
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas-Universidad Politecnica de Valencia, ES-46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Maria Moreno-Alvero
- Departamento de Cristalografía y Biología Estructural, Instituto de Química Física 'Rocasolano', CSIC, Serrano 119, E-28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sean R Cutler
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, Center for Plant Cell Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Armando Albert
- Departamento de Cristalografía y Biología Estructural, Instituto de Química Física 'Rocasolano', CSIC, Serrano 119, E-28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Granell
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas-Universidad Politecnica de Valencia, ES-46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Pedro L Rodríguez
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas-Universidad Politecnica de Valencia, ES-46022 Valencia, Spain
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30
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Ng LM, Melcher K, Teh BT, Xu HE. Abscisic acid perception and signaling: structural mechanisms and applications. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2014; 35:567-84. [PMID: 24786231 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2014.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2013] [Accepted: 01/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Adverse environmental conditions are a threat to agricultural yield and therefore exert a global effect on livelihood, health and the economy. Abscisic acid (ABA) is a vital plant hormone that regulates abiotic stress tolerance, thereby allowing plants to cope with environmental stresses. Previously, attempts to develop a complete understanding of the mechanisms underlying ABA signaling have been hindered by difficulties in the identification of bona fide ABA receptors. The discovery of the PYR/PYL/RCAR family of ABA receptors therefore represented a major milestone in the effort to overcome these roadblocks; since then, many structural and functional studies have provided detailed insights into processes ranging from ABA perception to the activation of ABA-responsive gene transcription. This understanding of the mechanisms of ABA perception and signaling has served as the basis for recent, preliminary developments in the genetic engineering of stress-resistant crops as well as in the design of new synthetic ABA agonists, which hold great promise for the agricultural enhancement of stress tolerance.
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31
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Waadt R, Hitomi K, Nishimura N, Hitomi C, Adams SR, Getzoff ED, Schroeder JI. FRET-based reporters for the direct visualization of abscisic acid concentration changes and distribution in Arabidopsis. eLife 2014; 3:e01739. [PMID: 24737861 PMCID: PMC3985518 DOI: 10.7554/elife.01739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Abscisic acid (ABA) is a plant hormone that regulates plant growth and development and mediates abiotic stress responses. Direct cellular monitoring of dynamic ABA concentration changes in response to environmental cues is essential for understanding ABA action. We have developed ABAleons: ABA-specific optogenetic reporters that instantaneously convert the phytohormone-triggered interaction of ABA receptors with PP2C-type phosphatases to send a fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) signal in response to ABA. We report the design, engineering and use of ABAleons with ABA affinities in the range of 100–600 nM to map ABA concentration changes in plant tissues with spatial and temporal resolution. High ABAleon expression can partially repress Arabidopsis ABA responses. ABAleons report ABA concentration differences in distinct cell types, ABA concentration increases in response to low humidity and NaCl in guard cells and to NaCl and osmotic stress in roots and ABA transport from the hypocotyl to the shoot and root. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.01739.001 Plants are able to respond to detrimental changes in their environment—when, for example, water becomes scarce or the soil becomes too salty—in ways that minimize stress and damage caused by these changes. Hormones are chemicals that trigger the plant’s response under these circumstances. Abscisic acid is the hormone that regulates how plants respond to drought and salt stress and that controls the plant growth in these conditions. In the past, it was possible to measure the average level of this hormone in a given tissue, but not the level in individual cells in a living plant. Moreover, it was difficult to follow directly how abscisic acid moved between the plant cells, tissues or organs. Now, Waadt et al. (and independently Jones et al.) have developed tools that can measure the levels of abscisic acid within individual cells in living plants and in real time. The plants were genetically engineered to produce sensor proteins with two properties: they can bind to abscisic acid in a reversible manner, and they contain two ‘tags’ that fluoresce at different wavelengths. Shining light onto the plant at a specific wavelength that is only absorbed by one of the tags actually causes both of the tags on the sensor proteins to fluoresce. However, the sensors fluoresce more at one wavelength when they are bound to abscisic acid, and more at the other wavelength when they are not bound to abscisic acid. Hence, measuring the ratio of these two wavelengths in the light that is given off by the sensor proteins can be used as a measure of the concentration of abscisic acid in a plant cell. Waadt et al. developed sensor proteins called ‘ABAleons’, and used one of these to analyze the uptake, distribution and movement of abscisic acid in different tissues in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. Changes in the level of abscisic acid could be detected at the level of an individual plant cell, and over time scales of fractions of seconds to hours. ABAleons also revealed that the concentration of abscisic acid in guard cells—specialized cells that help stop the loss of water vapor from a leaf—increases when humidity levels are low, or when salt levels are high. Low water levels, or high salt levels, also slowly increased the concentration of abscisic acid in the roots of the plant. Furthermore, Waadt et al. saw that abscisic acid moved long distances from the base of the stem up into the shoot, and down to the root. Waadt et al. also report that the ABAleons made plants less responsive to abscisic acid, possibly because binding to the ABAleons reduced the amount of abscisic acid that was available to perform its role as a hormone. The next challenge is to engineer ABAleons that minimize this unwanted side effect, and then go on to use ABAleons to study environmental conditions and proteins involved in plant hormone responses. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.01739.002
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Affiliation(s)
- Rainer Waadt
- Division of Biological Sciences, Cell and Developmental Biology Section, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, United States
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Nakagawa M, Kagiyama M, Shibata N, Hirano Y, Hakoshima T. Mechanism of high-affinity abscisic acid binding to PYL9/RCAR1. Genes Cells 2014; 19:386-404. [PMID: 24645846 DOI: 10.1111/gtc.12140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2013] [Accepted: 01/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Arabidopsis receptors of abscisic acid (ABA), the key plant hormone for adaptation to water stress, comprise 14 PYR/PYLs/RCARs proteins classified into three subfamilies I, II, and III, which suggests functional differentiation. Although their monomer-dimer equilibria may be correlated with differences in their ABA-binding affinities, how the dimerization decreases the affinity is unclear. Comparative structural and binding studies between PYL9, which is a representative of high-affinity subfamily I, and low-affinity members of subfamily III reveals that the nonpolar triplet (Ile110, Val162, and Leu165) and Pro64 contribute to enhance ABA-binding affinity by inducing a shift of the ABA carboxyl group to form additional direct hydrogen bonds with conserved Asn169. Our mutation studies of PYL1 successfully produced a monomeric mutant PYL1 exhibiting low ABA affinity and also a dimeric mutant PYL1 exhibiting high ABA-binding affinity, suggesting that dimer formation of ABA receptors is not essential for their low ABA-binding affinity. Our study contributes toward establishing the structural basis for the higher ABA-binding affinity of the subfamily receptors and provides a clue for understanding the broad spectrum of hormone actions in plants manifested by the different hormone-binding affinity of multiple receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Nakagawa
- Structural Biology Laboratory, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5, Takayama, Ikoma, Nara, 630-0192, Japan
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Abstract
Abscisic acid (ABA) is one of the "classical" plant hormones, i.e. discovered at least 50 years ago, that regulates many aspects of plant growth and development. This chapter reviews our current understanding of ABA synthesis, metabolism, transport, and signal transduction, emphasizing knowledge gained from studies of Arabidopsis. A combination of genetic, molecular and biochemical studies has identified nearly all of the enzymes involved in ABA metabolism, almost 200 loci regulating ABA response, and thousands of genes regulated by ABA in various contexts. Some of these regulators are implicated in cross-talk with other developmental, environmental or hormonal signals. Specific details of the ABA signaling mechanisms vary among tissues or developmental stages; these are discussed in the context of ABA effects on seed maturation, germination, seedling growth, vegetative stress responses, stomatal regulation, pathogen response, flowering, and senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Finkelstein
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 Address
- correspondence to e-mail:
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