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He M, Hu M, Zhang Q, Yao K. A novel splice-altering TNC variant (c.5247A > T, p.Gly1749Gly) in an Chinese family with autosomal dominant non-syndromic hearing loss. BMC Med Genomics 2024; 17:189. [PMID: 39020321 PMCID: PMC11256465 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-024-01964-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aims to analyze the pathogenic gene in a Chinese family with non-syndromic hearing loss and identify a novel mutation site in the TNC gene. METHODS A five-generation Chinese family from Anhui Province, presenting with autosomal dominant non-syndromic hearing loss, was recruited for this study. By analyzing the family history, conducting clinical examinations, and performing genetic analysis, we have thoroughly investigated potential pathogenic factors in this family. The peripheral blood samples were obtained from 20 family members, and the pathogenic genes were identified through whole exome sequencing. Subsequently, the mutation of gene locus was confirmed using Sanger sequencing. The conservation of TNC mutation sites was assessed using Clustal Omega software. We utilized functional prediction software including dbscSNV_AdaBoost, dbscSNV_RandomForest, NNSplice, NetGene2, and Mutation Taster to accurately predict the pathogenicity of these mutations. Furthermore, exon deletions were validated through RT-PCR analysis. RESULTS The family exhibited autosomal dominant, progressive, post-lingual, non-syndromic hearing loss. A novel synonymous variant (c.5247A > T, p.Gly1749Gly) in TNC was identified in affected members. This variant is situated at the exon-intron junction boundary towards the end of exon 18. Notably, glycine residue at position 1749 is highly conserved across various species. Bioinformatics analysis indicates that this synonymous mutation leads to the disruption of the 5' end donor splicing site in the 18th intron of the TNC gene. Meanwhile, verification experiments have demonstrated that this synonymous mutation disrupts the splicing process of exon 18, leading to complete exon 18 skipping and direct splicing between exons 17 and 19. CONCLUSION This novel splice-altering variant (c.5247A > T, p.Gly1749Gly) in exon 18 of the TNC gene disrupts normal gene splicing and causes hearing loss among HBD families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min He
- Department of Neurology, The First People's Hospital of Wuhu, Chizhu Shandong Road, Jiujiang District, Wuhu, 241000, Anhui Province, China.
| | - Miaomiao Hu
- Key Laboratory of Digital Technology in Medical Diagnostics of Zhejiang Province, Dian Diagnostics Group Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, 310030, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First People's Hospital of Wuhu, Chizhu Shandong Road, Jiujiang District, Wuhu, 241000, Anhui Province, China
| | - Kai Yao
- Department of Neurology, The First People's Hospital of Wuhu, Chizhu Shandong Road, Jiujiang District, Wuhu, 241000, Anhui Province, China
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Sharma S, Mahadevan A, Narayanappa G, Debnath M, Govindaraj P, Shivaram S, Seshagiri DV, Siram R, Shroti A, Bindu PS, Chickabasaviah YT, Taly AB, Nagappa M. Exploring the evidence for mitochondrial dysfunction and genetic abnormalities in the etiopathogenesis of tropical ataxic neuropathy. J Neurogenet 2024:1-8. [PMID: 38975939 DOI: 10.1080/01677063.2024.2373363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
Tropical ataxic neuropathy (TAN) is characterised by ataxic polyneuropathy, degeneration of the posterior columns and pyramidal tracts, optic atrophy, and sensorineural hearing loss. It has been attributed to nutritional/toxic etiologies, but evidence for the same has been equivocal. TAN shares common clinical features with inherited neuropathies and mitochondrial disorders, it may be hypothesised that genetic abnormalities may underlie the pathophysiology of TAN. This study aimed to establish evidence for mitochondrial dysfunction by adopting an integrated biochemical and multipronged genetic analysis. Patients (n = 65) with chronic progressive ataxic neuropathy with involvement of visual and/or auditory pathways underwent deep phenotyping, genetic studies including mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) deletion analysis, mtDNA and clinical exome sequencing (CES), and respiratory chain complex (RCC) assay. The phenotypic characteristics included dysfunction of visual (n = 14), auditory (n = 12) and visual + auditory pathways (n = 29). Reduced RCC activity was present in 13 patients. Mitochondrial DNA deletions were noted in five patients. Sequencing of mtDNA (n = 45) identified a homoplasmic variant (MT-ND6) and a heteroplasmic variant (MT-COI) in one patient each. CES (n = 45) revealed 55 variants in nuclear genes that are associated with neuropathy (n = 27), deafness (n = 7), ataxia (n = 4), and mitochondrial phenotypes (n = 5) in 36 patients. This study provides preliminary evidence that TAN is associated with a spectrum of genetic abnormalities, including those associated with mitochondrial dysfunction, which is in contradistinction from the prevailing hypothesis that TAN is related to dietary toxins. Analysing the functional relevance of these genetic variants may improve the understanding of the pathogenesis of TAN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivani Sharma
- Department of Neuropathology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - Anita Mahadevan
- Department of Neuropathology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - Gayathri Narayanappa
- Department of Neuropathology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - Monojit Debnath
- Department of Human Genetics, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - Periyasamy Govindaraj
- Department of Neuropathology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - Sumanth Shivaram
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - Doniparthi V Seshagiri
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - Ramesh Siram
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - Akhilesh Shroti
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - Parayil S Bindu
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - Yasha T Chickabasaviah
- Department of Neuropathology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - Arun B Taly
- Department of Neuropathology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, India
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - Madhu Nagappa
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, India
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Li S, Li S, Chen D, Zhao S, Liu C, Zhang R, Chen Y, Guo X, Song X. Case report of a novel mutation in the TNC gene in Chinese patients with nonsyndromic hearing loss. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e37702. [PMID: 38640279 PMCID: PMC11029965 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000037702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Hereditary hearing loss is known to exhibit a significant degree of genetic heterogeneity. Herein, we present a case report of a novel mutation in the tenascin-C (TNC) gene in Chinese patients with nonsyndromic hearing loss (NSHL). PATIENT CONCERNS This includes a young deaf couple and their 2-year-old baby. DIAGNOSES Based on the clinical information, hearing test, metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS), Sanger sequencing, protein function and structure analysis, and model prediction, in our case, the study results revealed 2 heterozygous mutations in the TNC gene (c.2852C>T, p.Thr951Ile) and the TBC1 domain family member 24 (TBC1D24) gene (c.1570C>T, p.Arg524Trp). These mutations may be responsible for the hearing loss observed in this family. Notably, the heterozygous mutations in the TNC gene (c.2852C>T, p.Thr951Ile) have not been previously reported in the literature. INTERVENTIONS Avoid taking drugs that can cause deafness, wearing hearing AIDS, and cochlear implants. OUTCOMES Regular follow-up of family members is ongoing. LESSONS The genetic diagnosis of NSHL holds significant importance as it helps in making informed treatment decisions, providing prognostic information, and offering genetic counseling for the patient's family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shouxia Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Handan Central Hospital, Hebei Medical University, Handan, Hebei, China
| | - Shurui Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Handan Central Hospital, Hebei Medical University, Handan, Hebei, China
| | - Dingli Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Handan Central Hospital, Hebei Medical University, Handan, Hebei, China
| | - Subin Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, Hebei, China
| | - Cairu Liu
- Department of Obstetrics, Handan Central Hospital, Hebei Medical University, Handan, Hebei, China
| | - Ruimin Zhang
- Department of Neonatology, Handan Central Hospital, Hebei Medical University, Handan, Hebei, China
| | - Yongxue Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Handan Central Hospital, Hebei Medical University, Handan, Hebei, China
| | - Xiangrui Guo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xuedong Song
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Handan Central Hospital, Hebei Medical University, Handan, Hebei, China
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Pressé MT, Malgrange B, Delacroix L. The cochlear matrisome: Importance in hearing and deafness. Matrix Biol 2024; 125:40-58. [PMID: 38070832 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2023.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) consists in a complex meshwork of collagens, glycoproteins, and proteoglycans, which serves a scaffolding function and provides viscoelastic properties to the tissues. ECM acts as a biomechanical support, and actively participates in cell signaling to induce tissular changes in response to environmental forces and soluble cues. Given the remarkable complexity of the inner ear architecture, its exquisite structure-function relationship, and the importance of vibration-induced stimulation of its sensory cells, ECM is instrumental to hearing. Many factors of the matrisome are involved in cochlea development, function and maintenance, as evidenced by the variety of ECM proteins associated with hereditary deafness. This review describes the structural and functional ECM components in the auditory organ and how they are modulated over time and following injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary T Pressé
- Developmental Neurobiology Unit, GIGA-Neurosciences, University of Liège, 15 avenue Hippocrate - CHU - B36 (1st floor), Liège B-4000, Belgium
| | - Brigitte Malgrange
- Developmental Neurobiology Unit, GIGA-Neurosciences, University of Liège, 15 avenue Hippocrate - CHU - B36 (1st floor), Liège B-4000, Belgium
| | - Laurence Delacroix
- Developmental Neurobiology Unit, GIGA-Neurosciences, University of Liège, 15 avenue Hippocrate - CHU - B36 (1st floor), Liège B-4000, Belgium.
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5
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Aldè M, Cantarella G, Zanetti D, Pignataro L, La Mantia I, Maiolino L, Ferlito S, Di Mauro P, Cocuzza S, Lechien JR, Iannella G, Simon F, Maniaci A. Autosomal Dominant Non-Syndromic Hearing Loss (DFNA): A Comprehensive Narrative Review. Biomedicines 2023; 11:1616. [PMID: 37371710 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11061616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Autosomal dominant non-syndromic hearing loss (HL) typically occurs when only one dominant allele within the disease gene is sufficient to express the phenotype. Therefore, most patients diagnosed with autosomal dominant non-syndromic HL have a hearing-impaired parent, although de novo mutations should be considered in all cases of negative family history. To date, more than 50 genes and 80 loci have been identified for autosomal dominant non-syndromic HL. DFNA22 (MYO6 gene), DFNA8/12 (TECTA gene), DFNA20/26 (ACTG1 gene), DFNA6/14/38 (WFS1 gene), DFNA15 (POU4F3 gene), DFNA2A (KCNQ4 gene), and DFNA10 (EYA4 gene) are some of the most common forms of autosomal dominant non-syndromic HL. The characteristics of autosomal dominant non-syndromic HL are heterogenous. However, in most cases, HL tends to be bilateral, post-lingual in onset (childhood to early adulthood), high-frequency (sloping audiometric configuration), progressive, and variable in severity (mild to profound degree). DFNA1 (DIAPH1 gene) and DFNA6/14/38 (WFS1 gene) are the most common forms of autosomal dominant non-syndromic HL affecting low frequencies, while DFNA16 (unknown gene) is characterized by fluctuating HL. A long audiological follow-up is of paramount importance to identify hearing threshold deteriorations early and ensure prompt treatment with hearing aids or cochlear implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirko Aldè
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, 20090 Milan, Italy
- Department of Specialist Surgical Sciences, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20090 Milan, Italy
- Otology Study Group of the Young-Otolaryngologists of the International Federations of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (YO-IFOS), 75000 Paris, France
| | - Giovanna Cantarella
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, 20090 Milan, Italy
- Department of Specialist Surgical Sciences, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20090 Milan, Italy
| | - Diego Zanetti
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, 20090 Milan, Italy
- Department of Specialist Surgical Sciences, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20090 Milan, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Pignataro
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, 20090 Milan, Italy
- Department of Specialist Surgical Sciences, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20090 Milan, Italy
| | - Ignazio La Mantia
- Department of Medical, Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies G.F. Ingrassia, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Luigi Maiolino
- Department of Medical, Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies G.F. Ingrassia, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Salvatore Ferlito
- Department of Medical, Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies G.F. Ingrassia, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Paola Di Mauro
- Department of Medical, Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies G.F. Ingrassia, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Salvatore Cocuzza
- Department of Medical, Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies G.F. Ingrassia, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Jérôme René Lechien
- Otology Study Group of the Young-Otolaryngologists of the International Federations of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (YO-IFOS), 75000 Paris, France
| | - Giannicola Iannella
- Otology Study Group of the Young-Otolaryngologists of the International Federations of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (YO-IFOS), 75000 Paris, France
| | - Francois Simon
- Otology Study Group of the Young-Otolaryngologists of the International Federations of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (YO-IFOS), 75000 Paris, France
| | - Antonino Maniaci
- Otology Study Group of the Young-Otolaryngologists of the International Federations of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (YO-IFOS), 75000 Paris, France
- Department of Medical, Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies G.F. Ingrassia, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
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6
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Gan NS, Oziębło D, Skarżyński H, Ołdak M. Monogenic Causes of Low-Frequency Non-Syndromic Hearing Loss. Audiol Neurootol 2023; 28:327-337. [PMID: 37121227 DOI: 10.1159/000529464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low-frequency non-syndromic hearing loss (LFNSHL) is a rare form of hearing loss (HL). It is defined as HL at low frequencies (≤2,000 Hz) resulting in a characteristic ascending audiogram. LFNSHL is usually diagnosed postlingually and is progressive, leading to HL affecting other frequencies as well. Sometimes it occurs with tinnitus. Around half of the diagnosed prelingual HL cases have a genetic cause and it is usually inherited in an autosomal recessive mode. Postlingual HL caused by genetic changes generally has an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance and its incidence remains unknown. SUMMARY To date, only a handful of genes have been found as causing LFNSHL: well-established WFS1 and, reported in some cases, DIAPH1, MYO7A, TNC, and CCDC50 (respectively, responsible for DFNA6/14/38, DFNA1, DFNA11, DFNA56, and DFNA44). In this review, we set out audiological phenotypes, causative genetic changes, and molecular mechanisms leading to the development of LFNSHL. KEY MESSAGES LFNSHL is most commonly caused by pathogenic variants in the WFS1 gene, but it is also important to consider changes in other HL genes, which may result in similar audiological phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Sara Gan
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Physiology and Pathology of Hearing, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dominika Oziębło
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Physiology and Pathology of Hearing, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Henryk Skarżyński
- Oto-Rhino-Laryngology Surgery Clinic, Institute of Physiology and Pathology of Hearing, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Monika Ołdak
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Physiology and Pathology of Hearing, Warsaw, Poland
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7
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Robles-Bolivar P, Bächinger D, Parra-Perez AM, Román-Naranjo P, Escalera-Balsera A, Gallego-Martinez A, Eckhard AH, Lopez-Escamez JA. A novel nonsense variant in the CENPP gene segregates in a Swiss family with autosomal dominant low-frequency sensorineural hearing loss. Eur J Hum Genet 2022; 30:1301-1305. [PMID: 36071244 PMCID: PMC9626507 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-022-01184-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Low-frequency sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) is a rare hearing impairment affecting frequencies below 1000 Hz, previously associated with DIAPH1, WSF1, MYO7A, TNC, SLC26A4 or CCDC50 genes. By exome sequencing, we report a novel nonsense variant in CENPP gene, segregating low-frequency SNHL in five affected members in a Swiss family with autosomal dominant inheritance pattern. Audiological evaluation showed up-sloping audiometric configuration with mild-to-moderate losses below 1000 Hz, that progresses to high-frequencies over time. Protein modeling shows that the variant truncates five amino acids at the end, losing electrostatic interactions that alter protein stability. CENPP gene is expressed in the supporting cells of the organ of Corti and takes part as a subunit of the Constitutive Centromere Associated Network in the kinetochore, that fixes the centromere to the spindle microtubules. We report CENPP as a new candidate gene for low-frequency SNHL. Further functional characterization might enable us to elucidate its molecular role in SNHL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Robles-Bolivar
- Otology & Neurotology Group CTS 495, Department of Genomic Medicine, GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research: Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government, PTS Granada, Avenida de la Ilustración, 114, 18016, Granada, Spain
- Sensorineural Pathology Programme, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras, CIBERER, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Otolaryngology, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs, Granada, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Universidad de Granada, 18014, Granada, Spain
| | - David Bächinger
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alberto M Parra-Perez
- Otology & Neurotology Group CTS 495, Department of Genomic Medicine, GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research: Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government, PTS Granada, Avenida de la Ilustración, 114, 18016, Granada, Spain
- Sensorineural Pathology Programme, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras, CIBERER, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Otolaryngology, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs, Granada, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Universidad de Granada, 18014, Granada, Spain
- Division of Otolaryngology, Department of Surgery, University of Granada, 18011, Granada, Spain
| | - Pablo Román-Naranjo
- Otology & Neurotology Group CTS 495, Department of Genomic Medicine, GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research: Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government, PTS Granada, Avenida de la Ilustración, 114, 18016, Granada, Spain
- Sensorineural Pathology Programme, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras, CIBERER, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Otolaryngology, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs, Granada, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Universidad de Granada, 18014, Granada, Spain
- Division of Otolaryngology, Department of Surgery, University of Granada, 18011, Granada, Spain
| | - Alba Escalera-Balsera
- Otology & Neurotology Group CTS 495, Department of Genomic Medicine, GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research: Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government, PTS Granada, Avenida de la Ilustración, 114, 18016, Granada, Spain
- Sensorineural Pathology Programme, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras, CIBERER, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Otolaryngology, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs, Granada, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Universidad de Granada, 18014, Granada, Spain
| | - Alvaro Gallego-Martinez
- Otology & Neurotology Group CTS 495, Department of Genomic Medicine, GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research: Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government, PTS Granada, Avenida de la Ilustración, 114, 18016, Granada, Spain
- Sensorineural Pathology Programme, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras, CIBERER, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Otolaryngology, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs, Granada, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Universidad de Granada, 18014, Granada, Spain
| | - Andreas H Eckhard
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jose A Lopez-Escamez
- Otology & Neurotology Group CTS 495, Department of Genomic Medicine, GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research: Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government, PTS Granada, Avenida de la Ilustración, 114, 18016, Granada, Spain.
- Sensorineural Pathology Programme, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras, CIBERER, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
- Department of Otolaryngology, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs, Granada, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Universidad de Granada, 18014, Granada, Spain.
- Division of Otolaryngology, Department of Surgery, University of Granada, 18011, Granada, Spain.
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8
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Shi M, Cao L, Ding D, Shi L, Hu Y, Qi G, Zhan L, Zhu Y, Yu W, Lv P, Yu N. Acute Noise Causes Down-Regulation of ECM Protein Expression in Guinea Pig Cochlea. Mol Biotechnol 2022; 65:774-785. [PMID: 36209333 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-022-00557-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Proteomics technology reveals the marker proteins, potential pathogenesis, and intervention targets after noise-induced hearing loss. To study the differences in cochlea protein expression before and after noise exposure using proteomics to reveal the pathological mechanism of noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL). A guinea pig NIHL model was established to test the ABR thresholds before and after noise exposure. The proteomics technology was used to study the mechanism of differential protein expression in the cochlea by noise stimulation. The average hearing threshold of guinea pigs on the first day after noise exposure was 57.00 ± 6.78 dB Sound pressure level (SPL); the average hearing threshold on the seventh day after noise exposure was 45.83 ± 6.07 dB SPL. The proteomics technology identified 3122 different inner ear proteins, of which six proteins related to the hearing were down-regulation: Tenascin C, Collagen Type XI alpha two chains, Collagen Type II alpha one chain, Thrombospondin 2, Collagen Type XI alpha one chain and Ribosomal protein L38, and are enriched in protein absorption, focal adhesion, and extracellular matrix receptor pathways. Impulse noise can affect the expression of differential proteins through focal adhesion pathways. This data can provide an experimental basis for the research on the prevention and treatment of NIHL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Shi
- Senior Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Sixth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China.,Suining Central Hospital, Suining, 629000, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Otolaryngologic Diseases, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Lei Cao
- The First Clinical Medical College of Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Daxiong Ding
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637000, China
| | - Lei Shi
- Senior Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Sixth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Otolaryngologic Diseases, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Yiyong Hu
- Senior Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Sixth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Otolaryngologic Diseases, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Guowei Qi
- Senior Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Sixth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Otolaryngologic Diseases, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Li Zhan
- Senior Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Sixth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Otolaryngologic Diseases, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Yuhua Zhu
- Senior Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Sixth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Otolaryngologic Diseases, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Wenxing Yu
- Suining Central Hospital, Suining, 629000, China
| | - Ping Lv
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637000, China
| | - Ning Yu
- Senior Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Sixth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China. .,National Clinical Research Center for Otolaryngologic Diseases, Beijing, 100853, China.
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9
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Yoshida KI, Midwood KS, Orend G. Editorial: Tenascins - Key Players in Tissue Homeostasis and Defense. Front Immunol 2022; 12:834353. [PMID: 35095934 PMCID: PMC8790525 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.834353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kyoko Imanaka Yoshida
- Department of Pathology and Matrix Biology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan
| | - Kim S Midwood
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Gertraud Orend
- University Strasbourg, INSERM U1109, The Tumor Microenvironment Laboratory, Hôpital Civil, Institut d'Hématologie et d'Immunologie, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), 1 Place de l'Hopital, Strasbourg, France
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10
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Gangfuß A, Czech A, Hentschel A, Münchberg U, Horvath R, Töpf A, O'Heir E, Lochmüller H, Stehling F, Kiewert C, Sickmann A, Kuechler A, Kaiser FJ, Kölbel H, Christiansen J, Schara-Schmidt U, Roos A. Homozygous WASHC4 variant in two sisters causes a syndromic phenotype defined by dysmorphisms, intellectual disability, profound developmental disorder, and skeletal muscle involvement. J Pathol 2021; 256:93-107. [PMID: 34599609 DOI: 10.1002/path.5812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Recessive variants in WASHC4 are linked to intellectual disability complicated by poor language skills, short stature, and dysmorphic features. The protein encoded by WASHC4 is part of the Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein and SCAR homolog family, co-localizes with actin in cells, and promotes Arp2/3-dependent actin polymerization in vitro. Functional studies in a zebrafish model suggested that WASHC4 knockdown may also affect skeletal muscles by perturbing protein clearance. However, skeletal muscle involvement has not been reported so far in patients, and precise biochemical studies allowing a deeper understanding of the molecular etiology of the disease are still lacking. Here, we report two siblings with a homozygous WASHC4 variant expanding the clinical spectrum of the disease and provide a phenotypical comparison with cases reported in the literature. Proteomic profiling of fibroblasts of the WASHC4-deficient patient revealed dysregulation of proteins relevant for the maintenance of the neuromuscular axis. Immunostaining on a muscle biopsy derived from the same patient confirmed dysregulation of proteins relevant for proper muscle function, thus highlighting an affliction of muscle cells upon loss of functional WASHC4. The results of histological and coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering microscopic studies support the concept of a functional role of the WASHC4 protein in humans by altering protein processing and clearance. The proteomic analysis confirmed key molecular players in vitro and highlighted, for the first time, the involvement of skeletal muscle in patients. © 2021 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Gangfuß
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Centre for Neuromuscular Disorders, Centre for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Artur Czech
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften - ISAS - e.V., Dortmund, Germany
| | - Andreas Hentschel
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften - ISAS - e.V., Dortmund, Germany
| | - Ute Münchberg
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften - ISAS - e.V., Dortmund, Germany
| | - Rita Horvath
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ana Töpf
- The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Emily O'Heir
- Center for Mendelian Genomics, Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Hanns Lochmüller
- Department of Neuropediatrics and Muscle Disorders, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg, Germany.,Centro Nacional de Análisis Genómico (CNAG-CRG), Center for Genomic Regulation, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain.,Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute; Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, The Ottawa Hospital; and Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Florian Stehling
- Children's Hospital, Department of Pneumology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Cordula Kiewert
- Children's Hospital, Department of Endocrinology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Albert Sickmann
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften - ISAS - e.V., Dortmund, Germany
| | - Alma Kuechler
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.,Essener Zentrum für seltene Erkrankungen (EZSE), University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Frank J Kaiser
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.,Essener Zentrum für seltene Erkrankungen (EZSE), University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Heike Kölbel
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Centre for Neuromuscular Disorders, Centre for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Jon Christiansen
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Centre for Neuromuscular Disorders, Centre for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Ulrike Schara-Schmidt
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Centre for Neuromuscular Disorders, Centre for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Andreas Roos
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Centre for Neuromuscular Disorders, Centre for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.,Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute; Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, The Ottawa Hospital; and Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
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11
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Simpson CL, Musolf AM, Cordero RY, Cordero JB, Portas L, Murgia F, Lewis DD, Middlebrooks CD, Ciner EB, Bailey-Wilson JE, Stambolian D. Myopia in African Americans Is Significantly Linked to Chromosome 7p15.2-14.2. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2021; 62:16. [PMID: 34241624 PMCID: PMC8287048 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.62.9.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this study was to perform genetic linkage analysis and association analysis on exome genotyping from highly aggregated African American families with nonpathogenic myopia. African Americans are a particularly understudied population with respect to myopia. Methods One hundred six African American families from the Philadelphia area with a family history of myopia were genotyped using an Illumina ExomePlus array and merged with previous microsatellite data. Myopia was initially measured in mean spherical equivalent (MSE) and converted to a binary phenotype where individuals were identified as affected, unaffected, or unknown. Parametric linkage analysis was performed on both individual variants (single-nucleotide polymorphisms [SNPs] and microsatellites) as well as gene-based markers. Family-based association analysis and transmission disequilibrium test (TDT) analysis modified for rare variants was also performed. Results Genetic linkage analysis identified 2 genomewide significant variants at 7p15.2 and 7p14.2 (in the intergenic region between MIR148A and NFE2L3 and in the noncoding RNA LOC401324) and 2 genomewide significant genes (CRHR2 and AVL9) both at 7p14.3. No genomewide results were found in the association analyses. Conclusions This study identified a significant linkage peak in African American families for myopia at 7p15.2 to 7p14.2, the first potential risk locus for myopia in African Americans. Interesting candidate genes are located in the region, including PDE1C, which is highly expressed in the eyes, and known to be involved in retinal development. Further identification of the causal variants at this linkage peak will help elucidate the genetics of myopia in this understudied population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire L. Simpson
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics and Department of Ophthalmology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States
- Computational and Statistical Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Anthony M. Musolf
- Computational and Statistical Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Roberto Y. Cordero
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics and Department of Ophthalmology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States
| | - Jennifer B. Cordero
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics and Department of Ophthalmology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States
| | - Laura Portas
- Computational and Statistical Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Federico Murgia
- Computational and Statistical Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Deyana D. Lewis
- Computational and Statistical Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Candace D. Middlebrooks
- Computational and Statistical Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Elise B. Ciner
- The Pennsylvania College of Optometry at Salus University, Elkins Park, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Joan E. Bailey-Wilson
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics and Department of Ophthalmology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States
| | - Dwight Stambolian
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
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12
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Holmgren M, Sheets L. Using the Zebrafish Lateral Line to Understand the Roles of Mitochondria in Sensorineural Hearing Loss. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 8:628712. [PMID: 33614633 PMCID: PMC7892962 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.628712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Hair cells are the mechanosensory receptors of the inner ear and can be damaged by noise, aging, and ototoxic drugs. This damage often results in permanent sensorineural hearing loss. Hair cells have high energy demands and rely on mitochondria to produce ATP as well as contribute to intracellular calcium homeostasis. In addition to generating ATP, mitochondria produce reactive oxygen species, which can lead to oxidative stress, and regulate cell death pathways. Zebrafish lateral-line hair cells are structurally and functionally analogous to cochlear hair cells but are optically and pharmacologically accessible within an intact specimen, making the zebrafish a good model in which to study hair-cell mitochondrial activity. Moreover, the ease of genetic manipulation of zebrafish embryos allows for the study of mutations implicated in human deafness, as well as the generation of transgenic models to visualize mitochondrial calcium transients and mitochondrial activity in live organisms. Studies of the zebrafish lateral line have shown that variations in mitochondrial activity can predict hair-cell susceptibility to damage by aminoglycosides or noise exposure. In addition, antioxidants have been shown to protect against noise trauma and ototoxic drug–induced hair-cell death. In this review, we discuss the tools and findings of recent investigations into zebrafish hair-cell mitochondria and their involvement in cellular processes, both under homeostatic conditions and in response to noise or ototoxic drugs. The zebrafish lateral line is a valuable model in which to study the roles of mitochondria in hair-cell pathologies and to develop therapeutic strategies to prevent sensorineural hearing loss in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Holmgren
- Department of Otolaryngology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Lavinia Sheets
- Department of Otolaryngology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States.,Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
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13
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Tenascin-C Function in Glioma: Immunomodulation and Beyond. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1272:149-172. [PMID: 32845507 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-48457-6_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
First identified in the 1980s, tenascin-C (TNC) is a multi-domain extracellular matrix glycoprotein abundantly expressed during the development of multicellular organisms. TNC level is undetectable in most adult tissues but rapidly and transiently induced by a handful of pro-inflammatory cytokines in a variety of pathological conditions including infection, inflammation, fibrosis, and wound healing. Persistent TNC expression is associated with chronic inflammation and many malignancies, including glioma. By interacting with its receptor integrin and a myriad of other binding partners, TNC elicits context- and cell type-dependent function to regulate cell adhesion, migration, proliferation, and angiogenesis. TNC operates as an endogenous activator of toll-like receptor 4 and promotes inflammatory response by inducing the expression of multiple pro-inflammatory factors in innate immune cells such as microglia and macrophages. In addition, TNC drives macrophage differentiation and polarization predominantly towards an M1-like phenotype. In contrast, TNC shows immunosuppressive function in T cells. In glioma, TNC is expressed by tumor cells and stromal cells; high expression of TNC is correlated with tumor progression and poor prognosis. Besides promoting glioma invasion and angiogenesis, TNC has been found to affect the morphology and function of tumor-associated microglia/macrophages in glioma. Clinically, TNC can serve as a biomarker for tumor progression; and TNC antibodies have been utilized as an adjuvant agent to deliver anti-tumor drugs to target glioma. A better mechanistic understanding of how TNC impacts innate and adaptive immunity during tumorigenesis and tumor progression will open new therapeutic avenues to treat brain tumors and other malignancies.
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14
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Gene therapy development in hearing research in China. Gene Ther 2020; 27:349-359. [PMID: 32681137 DOI: 10.1038/s41434-020-0177-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Sensorineural hearing loss, the most common form of hearing impairment, is mainly attributable to genetic mutations or acquired factors, such as aging, noise exposure, and ototoxic drugs. In the field of gene therapy, advances in genetic and physiological studies and profound increases in knowledge regarding the underlying mechanisms have yielded great progress in terms of restoring the auditory function in animal models of deafness. Nonetheless, many challenges associated with the translation from basic research to clinical therapies remain to be overcome before a total restoration of auditory function can be expected. In recent years, Chinese research teams have promoted various developmental efforts in this field, including gene sequencing to identify additional potential loci that cause deafness, studies to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms, and research to optimize vectors and delivery routes. In this review, we summarize the state of the field and focus mainly on the progress of gene therapy in animal model studies and the optimization of therapeutic strategies in China.
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15
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Ahmadmehrabi S, Brant J, Epstein DJ, Ruckenstein MJ, Rader DJ. Genetics of Postlingual Sensorineural Hearing Loss. Laryngoscope 2020; 131:401-409. [PMID: 32243624 DOI: 10.1002/lary.28646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Literature and clinical practice around adult-onset hearing loss (HL) has traditionally focused on environmental risk factors, including noise exposure, ototoxic drug exposure, and cardiovascular disease. The most common diagnosis in adult-onset HL is presbycusis. However, the age of onset of presbycusis varies, and patients often describe family history of HL as well as individual variation in progression and severity. In recent years, there has been accumulating evidence of gene-environment interactions underlying adult cases of HL. Susceptibility loci for age-related HL have been identified, and genes related to postlingual nonsyndromic HL continue to be discovered through individual reports and genome-wide association studies. This review will outline main concepts in genetics as related to HL, identify implicated genes, and discuss clinical implications. Laryngoscope, 131:401-409, 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shadi Ahmadmehrabi
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jason Brant
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Douglas J Epstein
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Michael J Ruckenstein
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Daniel J Rader
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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16
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Small fish, big prospects: using zebrafish to unravel the mechanisms of hereditary hearing loss. Hear Res 2020; 397:107906. [PMID: 32063424 DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2020.107906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Over the past decade, advancements in high-throughput sequencing have greatly enhanced our knowledge of the mutational signatures responsible for hereditary hearing loss. In its present state, the field has a largely uncensored view of protein coding changes in a growing number of genes that have been associated with hereditary hearing loss, and many more that have been proposed as candidate genes. Sequencing data can now be generated using methods that have become widespread and affordable. The greatest hurdles facing the field concern functional validation of uncharacterized genes and rapid application to human diseases, including hearing and balance disorders. To date, over 30 hearing-related disease models exist in zebrafish. New genome editing technologies, including CRISPR/Cas9 will accelerate the functional validation of hearing loss genes and variants in zebrafish. Here, we discuss current progress in the field and recent advances in genome editing approaches.
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17
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Musolf AM, Simpson CL, Alexander TA, Portas L, Murgia F, Ciner EB, Stambolian D, Bailey-Wilson JE. Genome-wide scans of myopia in Pennsylvania Amish families reveal significant linkage to 12q15, 8q21.3 and 5p15.33. Hum Genet 2019; 138:339-354. [PMID: 30826882 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-019-01991-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Myopia is one of the most common ocular disorders in the world, yet the genetic etiology of the disease remains poorly understood. Specialized founder populations, such as the Pennsylvania Amish, provide the opportunity to utilize exclusive genomic architecture, like unique haplotypes, to better understand the genetic causes of myopia. We perform genetic linkage analysis on Pennsylvania Amish families that have a strong familial history of myopia to map any potential causal variants and genes for the disease. 293 individuals from 25 extended families were genotyped on the Illumina ExomePlus array and merged with previous microsatellite data. We coded myopia affection as a binary phenotype; myopia was defined as having a mean spherical equivalent (MSE) of less than or equal to - 1 D (diopters). Two-point and multipoint parametric linkage analyses were performed under an autosomal dominant model. When allowing for locus heterogeneity, we identified two novel genome-wide significantly linked variants at 12q15 (heterogeneity LOD, HLOD = 3.77) in PTPRB and at 8q21.3 (HLOD = 3.35) in CNGB3. We identified further three genome-wide significant variants within a single family. These three variants were located in exons of SLC6A18 at 5p15.33 (LODs ranged from 3.51 to 3.37). Multipoint analysis confirmed the significant signal at 5p15.33 with six genome-wide significant variants (LODs ranged from 3.6 to 3.3). Further suggestive evidence of linkage was observed in several other regions of the genome. All three novel linked regions contain strong candidate genes, especially CNGB3 on 8q21.3, which has been shown to affect photoreceptors and cause complete color blindness. Whole genome sequencing on these regions is planned to conclusively elucidate the causal variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony M Musolf
- Computational and Statistical Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Dr, Suite 1200, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Claire L Simpson
- Computational and Statistical Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Dr, Suite 1200, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA.,Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Theresa A Alexander
- Computational and Statistical Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Dr, Suite 1200, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Laura Portas
- Computational and Statistical Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Dr, Suite 1200, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Federico Murgia
- Computational and Statistical Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Dr, Suite 1200, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Elise B Ciner
- The Pennsylvania College of Optometry at Salus University, Elkins Park, PA, USA
| | - Dwight Stambolian
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Joan E Bailey-Wilson
- Computational and Statistical Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Dr, Suite 1200, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA.
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18
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Carpena NT, Lee MY. Genetic Hearing Loss and Gene Therapy. Genomics Inform 2018; 16:e20. [PMID: 30602081 PMCID: PMC6440668 DOI: 10.5808/gi.2018.16.4.e20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic hearing loss crosses almost all the categories of hearing loss which includes the following: conductive, sensory, and neural; syndromic and nonsyndromic; congenital, progressive, and adult onset; high-frequency, low-frequency, or mixed frequency; mild or profound; and recessive, dominant, or sex-linked. Genes play a role in almost half of all cases of hearing loss but effective treatment options are very limited. Genetic hearing loss is considered to be extremely genetically heterogeneous. The advancements in genomics have been instrumental to the identification of more than 6,000 causative variants in more than 150 genes causing hearing loss. Identification of genes for hearing impairment provides an increased insight into the normal development and function of cells in the auditory system. These defective genes will ultimately be important therapeutic targets. However, the auditory system is extremely complex which requires tremendous advances in gene therapy including gene vectors, routes of administration, and therapeutic approaches. This review summarizes and discusses recent advances in elucidating the genomics of genetic hearing loss and technologies aimed at developing a gene therapy that may become a treatment option for in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathanial T Carpena
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan 31116, Korea
| | - Min Young Lee
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan 31116, Korea.,Beckman Laser Institute Korea, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea
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19
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Marzeda AM, Midwood KS. Internal Affairs: Tenascin-C as a Clinically Relevant, Endogenous Driver of Innate Immunity. J Histochem Cytochem 2018; 66:289-304. [PMID: 29385356 PMCID: PMC5958381 DOI: 10.1369/0022155418757443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
To protect against danger, the innate immune system must promptly and accurately sense alarm signals, and mount an appropriate response to restore homeostasis. One endogenous trigger of immunity is tenascin-C, a large hexameric protein of the extracellular matrix. Upregulated upon tissue injury and cellular stress, tenascin-C is expressed during inflammation and tissue remodeling, where it influences cellular behavior by interacting with a multitude of molecular targets, including other matrix components, cell surface proteins, and growth factors. Here, we discuss how these interactions confer upon tenascin-C distinct immunomodulatory capabilities that make this matrix molecule necessary for efficient tissue repair. We also highlight in vivo studies that provide insight into the consequences of misregulated tenascin-C expression on inflammation and fibrosis during a wide range of inflammatory diseases. Finally, we examine how its unique expression pattern and inflammatory actions make tenascin-C a viable target for clinical exploitation in both diagnostic and therapeutic arenas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M Marzeda
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Kim S Midwood
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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20
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Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) has central roles in tissue integrity and remodeling throughout the life span of animals. While collagens are the most abundant structural components of ECM in most tissues, tissue-specific molecular complexity is contributed by ECM glycoproteins. The matricellular glycoproteins are categorized primarily according to functional criteria and represented predominantly by the thrombospondin, tenascin, SPARC/osteonectin, and CCN families. These proteins do not self-assemble into ECM fibrils; nevertheless, they shape ECM properties through interactions with structural ECM proteins, growth factors, and cells. Matricellular proteins also promote cell migration or morphological changes through adhesion-modulating or counter-adhesive actions on cell-ECM adhesions, intracellular signaling, and the actin cytoskeleton. Typically, matricellular proteins are most highly expressed during embryonic development. In adult tissues, expression is more limited unless activated by cues for dynamic tissue remodeling and cell motility, such as occur during inflammatory response and wound repair. Many insights in the complex roles of matricellular proteins have been obtained from studies of gene knockout mice. However, with the exception of chordate-specific tenascins, these are highly conserved proteins that are encoded in many animal phyla. This review will consider the increasing body of research on matricellular proteins in nonmammalian animal models. These models provide better access to the very earliest stages of embryonic development and opportunities to study biological processes such as limb and organ regeneration. In aggregate, this research is expanding concepts of the functions and mechanisms of action of matricellular proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josephine C Adams
- School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom.
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21
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Musolf AM, Simpson CL, Long KA, Moiz BA, Lewis DD, Middlebrooks CD, Portas L, Murgia F, Ciner EB, Bailey-Wilson JE, Stambolian D. Myopia in Chinese families shows linkage to 10q26.13. Mol Vis 2018; 24:29-42. [PMID: 29383007 PMCID: PMC5767476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To determine genetic linkage between myopia and Han Chinese patients with a family history of the disease. Methods One hundred seventy-six Han Chinese patients from 34 extended families were given eye examinations, and mean spherical equivalent (MSE) in diopters (D) was calculated by adding the spherical component of the refraction to one-half the cylindrical component and taking the average of both eyes. The MSE was converted to a binary phenotype, where all patients with an MSE of -1.00 D or less were coded as affected. Unaffected individuals had an MSE greater than 0.00 D (ages 21 years and up), +1.50 (ages 11-20), or +2.00 D (ages 6-10 years). Individuals between the given upper threshold and -1.00 were coded as unknown. Patients were genotyped on an exome chip. Three types of linkage analyses were performed: single-variant two-point, multipoint, and collapsed haplotype pattern (CHP) variant two-point. Results The CHP variant two-point results identified a significant peak (heterogeneity logarithm of the odds [HLOD] = 3.73) at 10q26.13 in TACC2. The single-variant two-point and multipoint analyses showed highly suggestive linkage to the same region. The single-variant two-point results identified 25 suggestive variants at HTRA1, also at 10q26.13. Conclusions We report a significant genetic linkage between myopia and Han Chinese patients at 10q26.13. 10q26.13 contains several good candidate genes, such as TACC2 and the known age-related macular degeneration gene HTRA1. Targeted sequencing of the region is planned to identify the causal variant(s).
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony M. Musolf
- Computational and Statistical Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Claire L. Simpson
- Computational and Statistical Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN
| | - Kyle A. Long
- Computational and Statistical Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Bilal A. Moiz
- Computational and Statistical Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Deyana D. Lewis
- Computational and Statistical Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Candace D. Middlebrooks
- Computational and Statistical Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Laura Portas
- Institute of Population Genetics, CNR, Li Punti, Sassari, Italy
| | - Federico Murgia
- Institute of Population Genetics, CNR, Li Punti, Sassari, Italy
| | - Elise B. Ciner
- The Pennsylvania College of Optometry at Salus University, Elkins Park, PA
| | - Joan E. Bailey-Wilson
- Computational and Statistical Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Dwight Stambolian
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
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22
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Musolf AM, Simpson CL, Moiz BA, Long KA, Portas L, Murgia F, Ciner EB, Stambolian D, Bailey-Wilson JE. Caucasian Families Exhibit Significant Linkage of Myopia to Chromosome 11p. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2017; 58:3547-3554. [PMID: 28715588 PMCID: PMC5510992 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.16-21271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Myopia is a common visual disorder caused by eye overgrowth, resulting in blurry vision. It affects one in four Americans, and its prevalence is increasing. The genetic mechanisms that underpin myopia are not completely understood. Here, we use genotype data and linkage analyses to identify high-risk genetic loci that are significantly linked to myopia. Methods Individuals from 56 Caucasian families with a history of myopia were genotyped on an exome-based array, and the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data were merged with microsatellite genotype data. Refractive error measures on the samples were converted into binary phenotypes consisting of affected, unaffected, or unknown myopia status. Parametric linkage analyses assuming an autosomal dominant model with 90% penetrance and 10% phenocopy rate were performed. Results Single variant two-point analyses yielded three significantly linked SNPs at 11p14.1 and 11p11.2; a further 45 SNPs at 11p were found to be suggestive. No other chromosome had any significant SNPs or more than seven suggestive linkages. Two of the significant SNPs were located in BBOX1-AS1 and one in the intergenic region between ORA47 and TRIM49B. Collapsed haplotype pattern two-point analysis and multipoint analyses also yielded multiple suggestively linked genes at 11p. Multipoint analysis also identified suggestive evidence of linkage on 20q13. Conclusions We identified three genome-wide significant linked variants on 11p for myopia in Caucasians. Although the novel specific signals still need to be replicated, 11p is a promising region that has been identified by other linkage studies with a number of potentially interesting candidate genes. We hope that the identification of these regions on 11p as potential causal regions for myopia will lead to more focus on these regions and maybe possible replication of our specific linkage peaks in other studies. We further plan targeted sequencing on 11p for our most highly linked families to more clearly understand the source of the linkage in this region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony M. Musolf
- Computational and Statistical Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Claire L. Simpson
- Computational and Statistical Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States
| | - Bilal A. Moiz
- Computational and Statistical Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Kyle A. Long
- Computational and Statistical Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Laura Portas
- Institute of Population Genetics, CNR, Li Punti, Sassari, Italy
| | - Federico Murgia
- Institute of Population Genetics, CNR, Li Punti, Sassari, Italy
| | - Elise B. Ciner
- The Pennsylvania College of Optometry at Salus University, Elkins Park, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Dwight Stambolian
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Joan E. Bailey-Wilson
- Computational and Statistical Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
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Genetic Predisposition to Sporadic Congenital Hearing Loss in a Pediatric Population. Sci Rep 2017; 7:45973. [PMID: 28383030 PMCID: PMC5382691 DOI: 10.1038/srep45973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Discriminating between inherited and non-inherited sporadic hearing loss is challenging. Here, we attempted to delineate genetic inheritance in simplex cases of severe-to-profound congenital hearing loss in Korean children. Variations in SLC26A4 and GJB2 in 28 children with bilateral severe-to-profound non-syndromic hearing loss (NSHL) without familial history were analyzed using Sanger sequencing. Genetic analysis of individuals without mutations in SLC26A4 and GJB2 was performed by whole exome sequencing (WES). Bi-allelic mutations in SLC26A4 and GJB2 were identified in 12 and 3 subjects, respectively. Of the 13 individuals without mutations in SLC26A4 and GJB2, 2 and 1 carried compound heterozygous mutations in MYO15A and CDH23, respectively. Thus, 64.3% (18/28) of individuals with NSHL were determined to be genetically predisposed. Individuals with sporadic severe-to-profound NSHL were found to mostly exhibit an autosomal recessive inheritance pattern. Novel causative candidate genes for NSHL were identified by analysis of WES data of 10 families without mutations in known causative genes. Bi-allelic mutations predisposing to NSHL were identified in 64.3% of subjects with sporadic severe-to-profound NSHL. Given that several causative genes for NSHL are still unidentified, genetic inheritance of sporadic congenital hearing loss could be more common than that indicated by our results.
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24
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Tucker RP, Peterson CA, Hendaoui I, Bichet S, Chiquet-Ehrismann R. The expression of tenascin-C and tenascin-W in human ossicles. J Anat 2016; 229:416-21. [PMID: 27230945 DOI: 10.1111/joa.12496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The ossicles of the middle ear (the malleus, incus and stapes) transmit forces resulting from vibrations of the tympanic membrane to the cochlea where they are coded as sound. Hearing loss can result from diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) that affect the joints between the ossicles or degenerative processes like otosclerosis that lead to ankylosis of the footplate of the stapes in the oval window of the cochlea. In this study, immunohistochemistry was used to determine if the extracellular matrix glycoproteins tenascin-C or tenascin-W are expressed in the incudomalleolar and incudostapedial joints of ossicles dissected from human cadavers. Tenascin-C, which is expressed during inflammatory conditions including RA, was seen in the articular cartilage of the incudomalleolar joints and the head of the stapes. Tenascin-W, in contrast, was enriched in the annular ligament that anchors the footplate of the stapes into the oval window of the cochlea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard P Tucker
- Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Cathryn A Peterson
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of the Pacific, Stockton, CA, USA
| | - Ismail Hendaoui
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sandrine Bichet
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ruth Chiquet-Ehrismann
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland.,Faculty of Science, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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25
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Taipale M, Jakkula E, Kämäräinen OP, Gao P, Skarp S, Barral S, Kiviranta I, Kröger H, Ott J, Wei GH, Ala-Kokko L, Männikkö M. Targeted re-sequencing of linkage region on 2q21 identifies a novel functional variant for hip and knee osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2016; 24:655-63. [PMID: 26603474 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2015.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Revised: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to identify genetic variants predisposing to primary hip and knee osteoarthritis (OA) in a sample of Finnish families. METHODS Genome wide analysis was performed using 15 independent families (279 individuals) originating from Central Finland identified as having multiple individuals with primary hip and/or knee OA. Targeted re-sequencing was performed for three samples from one 33-member, four-generation family contributing most significantly to the LOD score. In addition, exome sequencing was performed in three family members from the same family. RESULTS Genome wide linkage analysis identified a susceptibility locus on chromosome 2q21 with a multipoint LOD score of 3.91. Targeted re-sequencing and subsequent linkage analysis revealed a susceptibility insertion variant rs11446594. It locates in a predicted strong enhancer element region with maximum LOD score 3.42 under dominant model of inheritance. Insertion creates a recognition sequence for ELF3 and HMGA1 transcription factors. Their DNA-binding affinity is highly increased in the presence of A-allele compared to wild type null allele. CONCLUSION A potentially novel functional OA susceptibility variant was identified by targeted re-sequencing. This variant locates in a predicted regulatory site and creates a recognition sequence for ELF3 and HMGA1 transcription factors that are predicted to play a significant role in articular cartilage homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Taipale
- Biocenter Oulu and Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Finland; Center for Life Course Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - E Jakkula
- Biocenter Oulu and Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Finland; Public Health Genomics Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - O-P Kämäräinen
- Biocenter Oulu and Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Finland
| | - P Gao
- Biocenter Oulu and Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Finland
| | - S Skarp
- Biocenter Oulu and Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Finland; Center for Life Course Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - S Barral
- Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, College for Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, USA
| | - I Kiviranta
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Jyväskylä Central Hospital, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - H Kröger
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland; Bone and Cartilage Research Unit, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - J Ott
- Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - G-H Wei
- Biocenter Oulu and Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Finland
| | - L Ala-Kokko
- Connective Tissue Gene Tests, Allentown, PA, USA
| | - M Männikkö
- Biocenter Oulu and Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Finland; Center for Life Course Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
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26
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Kornilov SA, Rakhlin N, Koposov R, Lee M, Yrigollen C, Caglayan AO, Magnuson JS, Mane S, Chang JT, Grigorenko EL. Genome-Wide Association and Exome Sequencing Study of Language Disorder in an Isolated Population. Pediatrics 2016; 137:peds.2015-2469. [PMID: 27016271 PMCID: PMC4811310 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2015-2469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Developmental language disorder (DLD) is a highly prevalent neurodevelopmental disorder associated with negative outcomes in different domains; the etiology of DLD is unknown. To investigate the genetic underpinnings of DLD, we performed genome-wide association and whole exome sequencing studies in a geographically isolated population with a substantially elevated prevalence of the disorder (ie, the AZ sample). METHODS DNA samples were collected from 359 individuals for the genome-wide association study and from 12 severely affected individuals for whole exome sequencing. Multifaceted phenotypes, representing major domains of expressive language functioning, were derived from collected speech samples. RESULTS Gene-based analyses revealed a significant association between SETBP1 and complexity of linguistic output (P = 5.47 × 10(-7)). The analysis of exome variants revealed coding sequence variants in 14 genes, most of which play a role in neural development. Targeted enrichment analysis implicated myocyte enhancer factor-2 (MEF2)-regulated genes in DLD in the AZ population. The main findings were successfully replicated in an independent cohort of children at risk for related disorders (n = 372). CONCLUSIONS MEF2-regulated pathways were identified as potential candidate pathways in the etiology of DLD. Several genes (including the candidate SETBP1 and other MEF2-related genes) seem to jointly influence certain, but not all, facets of the DLD phenotype. Even when genetic and environmental diversity is reduced, DLD is best conceptualized as etiologically complex. Future research should establish whether the signals detected in the AZ population can be replicated in other samples and languages and provide further characterization of the identified pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey A. Kornilov
- Child Study Center, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut;,Department of Psychology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut;,Haskins Laboratories, New Haven, Connecticut;,Department of Psychology, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia;,Department of Psychology, Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Natalia Rakhlin
- Child Study Center, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut;,Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Roman Koposov
- Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Maria Lee
- Child Study Center, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Carolyn Yrigollen
- The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Ahmet Okay Caglayan
- Child Study Center, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut;,Department of Medical Genetics, Istanbul Bilim University, Istanbul, Turkey; and
| | - James S. Magnuson
- Department of Psychology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut;,Haskins Laboratories, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Shrikant Mane
- Child Study Center, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Joseph T. Chang
- Child Study Center, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Elena L. Grigorenko
- Child Study Center, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut;,Haskins Laboratories, New Haven, Connecticut;,Department of Psychology, Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russia;,Moscow State University for Psychology and Education, Moscow, Russia
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27
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Egilmez OK, Kalcioglu MT. Genetics of Nonsyndromic Congenital Hearing Loss. SCIENTIFICA 2016; 2016:7576064. [PMID: 26989561 PMCID: PMC4775805 DOI: 10.1155/2016/7576064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Congenital hearing impairment affects nearly 1 in every 1000 live births and is the most frequent birth defect in developed societies. Hereditary types of hearing loss account for more than 50% of all congenital sensorineural hearing loss cases and are caused by genetic mutations. HL can be either nonsyndromic, which is restricted to the inner ear, or syndromic, a part of multiple anomalies affecting the body. Nonsyndromic HL can be categorised by mode of inheritance, such as autosomal dominant (called DFNA), autosomal recessive (DFNB), mitochondrial, and X-linked (DFN). To date, 125 deafness loci have been reported in the literature: 58 DFNA loci, 63 DFNB loci, and 4 X-linked loci. Mutations in genes that control the adhesion of hair cells, intracellular transport, neurotransmitter release, ionic hemeostasis, and cytoskeleton of hair cells can lead to malfunctions of the cochlea and inner ear. In recent years, with the increase in studies about genes involved in congenital hearing loss, genetic counselling and treatment options have emerged and increased in availability. This paper presents an overview of the currently known genes associated with nonsyndromic congenital hearing loss and mutations in the inner ear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oguz Kadir Egilmez
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul Medeniyet University, 34722 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - M. Tayyar Kalcioglu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul Medeniyet University, 34722 Istanbul, Turkey
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28
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Kwiatkowska M, Reinhard J, Roll L, Kraft N, Dazert S, Faissner A, Volkenstein S. The expression pattern and inhibitory influence of Tenascin-C on the growth of spiral ganglion neurons suggest a regulatory role as boundary formation molecule in the postnatal mouse inner ear. Neuroscience 2016; 319:46-58. [PMID: 26812032 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.01.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2015] [Revised: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Sensorineural hearing loss, as a consequence of acoustic trauma, aging, genetic defects or ototoxic drugs, is highly associated with irreversible damage of cochlear hair cells (HCs) and secondary degeneration of spiral ganglion (SG) cells. Cochlear implants (CIs), which bypass the lost HC function by direct electrical stimulation of the remaining auditory neurons, offer an effective therapy option. Several studies imply that components of the extracellular matrix (ECM) have a great impact on the adhesion and growth of spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs) during development. Based on these findings, ECM proteins might act as bioactive CI substrates to optimize the electrode-nerve interface and to improve efficacy of these implants. In the present study, we focused on the ECM glycoproteins Tenascin-C (TN-C), Laminin (LN), and Fibronectin (FN), which show a prominent expression along the growth route of SGNs and the niche around HCs during murine postnatal development in vivo. We compared their influence on adhesion, neurite length, and neurite number of SGNs in vitro. Moreover, we studied the expression of the chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan (CSPG) dermatan sulfate-dependent proteoglycan-1 (DSD-1-PG), an interaction partner of TN-C. In sum, our in vitro data suggest that TN-C acts as an anti-adhesive and inhibitory factor for the growth of SGNs. The DSD-1 carbohydrate epitope is specifically localized to HC stereocilia and SG fibers. Interestingly, TN-C and the DSD-1-PG exhibit a mutually exclusive expression pattern, with the exception of a very restricted region beneath the habenula perforata, where SG neurites grow through the basilar membrane (BM) toward the HCs. The complementary expression of TN-C, LN, FN, and the DSD-1 epitope suggests that TN-C may act as an important boundary formation molecule in the developing postnatal mouse inner ear, which makes it a promising candidate to regulate neurite outgrowth in the light of CIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kwiatkowska
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, Ruhr-University Bochum, St. Elisabeth-Hospital, Bleichstrasse 15, 44787 Bochum, Germany
| | - J Reinhard
- Department of Cell Morphology & Molecular Neurobiology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Faculty of Biology & Biotechnology, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - L Roll
- Department of Cell Morphology & Molecular Neurobiology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Faculty of Biology & Biotechnology, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - N Kraft
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, Ruhr-University Bochum, St. Elisabeth-Hospital, Bleichstrasse 15, 44787 Bochum, Germany
| | - S Dazert
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, Ruhr-University Bochum, St. Elisabeth-Hospital, Bleichstrasse 15, 44787 Bochum, Germany
| | - A Faissner
- Department of Cell Morphology & Molecular Neurobiology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Faculty of Biology & Biotechnology, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - S Volkenstein
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, Ruhr-University Bochum, St. Elisabeth-Hospital, Bleichstrasse 15, 44787 Bochum, Germany.
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Abstract
ABSTRACT
Tenascin-C (TNC) is a hexameric, multimodular extracellular matrix protein with several molecular forms that are created through alternative splicing and protein modifications. It is highly conserved amongst vertebrates, and molecular phylogeny indicates that it evolved before fibronectin. Tenascin-C has many extracellular binding partners, including matrix components, soluble factors and pathogens; it also influences cell phenotype directly through interactions with cell surface receptors. Tenascin-C protein synthesis is tightly regulated, with widespread protein distribution in embryonic tissues, but restricted distribution of tenascin-C in adult tissues. Tenascin-C is also expressed de novo during wound healing or in pathological conditions, including chronic inflammation and cancer. First described as a modulator of cell adhesion, tenascin-C also directs a plethora of cell signaling and gene expression programs by shaping mechanical and biochemical cues within the cellular microenvironment. Exploitment of the pathological expression and function of tenascin-C is emerging as a promising strategy to develop new diagnostic, therapeutic and bioengineering tools. In this Cell Science at a Glance article and the accompanying poster we provide a succinct and comprehensive overview of the structural and functional features of tenascin-C and its potential roles in developing embryos and under pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim S. Midwood
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FY, UK
| | - Matthias Chiquet
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Medical Faculty, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 7, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Richard P. Tucker
- Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, University of California at Davis, Davis CA 95616-8643, USA
| | - Gertraud Orend
- Inserm U1109, The Microenvironmental Niche in Tumorigenesis and Targeted Therapy (MN3T) team, 3 av. Molière, Strasbourg 67200, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg 67000, France
- LabEx Medalis, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg 67000, France
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg 67000, France
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30
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Abstract
Tenascin-C is a large, multimodular, extracellular matrix glycoprotein that exhibits a very restricted pattern of expression but an enormously diverse range of functions. Here, we discuss the importance of deciphering the expression pattern of, and effects mediated by, different forms of this molecule in order to fully understand tenascin-C biology. We focus on both post transcriptional and post translational events such as splicing, glycosylation, assembly into a 3D matrix and proteolytic cleavage, highlighting how these modifications are key to defining tenascin-C function.
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Key Words
- AD1/AD2, additional domain 1/ additional domain 2
- ADAMTS, a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs
- ASMCs, aortic smooth muscle cells
- BDNF, brain derived neurotrophic factor
- BHKs, baby hamster kidney cells
- BMP, bone morphogenetic protein
- CA19–9, carbohydrate antigen 19–9
- CALEB, chicken acidic leucine-rich EGF-like domain containing brain protein
- CEA, carcinoembryonic antigen
- CNS, central nervous system
- CRC, colorectal carcinomas
- CTGF, connective tissue growth factor
- DCIS, ductal carcinoma in-situ
- ECM, extracellular matrix
- EDA-FN, extra domain A containing fibronectin
- EDB-FN, extra domain B containing fibronectin
- EGF-L, epidermal growth factor-like
- EGF-R, epidermal growth factor receptor
- ELISPOT, enzyme-linked immunospot assay
- FBG, fibrinogen-like globe
- FGF2, fibroblast growth factor 2
- FGF4, fibroblast growth factor 4
- FN, fibronectin
- FNIII, fibronectin type III-like repeat
- GMEM, glioma-mesenchymal extracellular matrix antigen
- GPI, glycosylphosphatidylinositol
- HB-EGF, heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor
- HCEs, immortalized human corneal epithelial cell line
- HGF, hepatocyte growth factor
- HNK-1, human natural killer-1
- HSPGs, heparan sulfate proteoglycans
- HUVECs, human umbilical vein endothelial cells
- ICC, immunocytochemistry
- IF, immunofluorescence
- IFNγ, interferon gamma
- IGF, insulin-like growth factor
- IGF-BP, insulin-like growth factor-binding protein
- IHC, immunohistochemistry
- IL, interleukin
- ISH, in situ hybridization
- LPS, lipopolysaccharide
- MMP, matrix metalloproteinase
- MPNSTs, malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors
- Mr, molecular mass
- NB, northern blot
- NF-kB, nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells
- NK, natural killer cells
- NSCLC, non-small cell lung carcinoma
- NSCs, neural stem cells
- NT, neurotrophin
- PAMPs, pathogen-associated molecular patterns
- PDGF, platelet derived growth factor
- PDGF-Rβ, platelet derived growth factor receptor β
- PIGF, phosphatidylinositol-glycan biosynthesis class F protein
- PLCγ, phospholipase-C gamma
- PNS, peripheral nervous system
- PTPRζ1, receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase zeta
- RA, rheumatoid arthritis
- RCC, renal cell carcinoma
- RD, rhabdomyosarcoma
- RGD, arginylglycylaspartic acid
- RT-PCR, real-time polymerase chain reaction
- SB, Southern blot
- SCC, squamous cell carcinoma
- SMCs, smooth muscle cells
- SVZ, sub-ventricular zone
- TA, tenascin assembly domain
- TGFβ, transforming growth factor β
- TIMP, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases
- TLR4, toll-like receptor 4
- TNFα, tumor necrosis factor α
- TSS, transcription start site
- UBC, urothelial bladder cancer
- UCC, urothelial cell carcinoma
- VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor
- VSMCs, vascular smooth muscle cells
- VZ, ventricular zone
- WB, immunoblot/ western blot
- bFGF, basic fibroblast growth factor
- biosynthesis
- c, charged
- cancer
- ccRCC, clear cell renal cell carcinoma
- chRCC, chromophobe-primary renal cell carcinoma
- development
- glycosylation
- mAb, monoclonal antibody
- matrix assembly
- mitogen-activated protein kinase, MAPK
- pHo, extracellular pH
- pRCC, papillary renal cell carcinoma
- proteolytic cleavage
- siRNA, small interfering RNA
- splicing
- tenascin-C
- therapeutics
- transcription
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean P Giblin
- a Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics; Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences ; Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology; University of Oxford ; Oxford , UK
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31
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Nato AQ, Chapman NH, Sohi HK, Nguyen HD, Brkanac Z, Wijsman EM. PBAP: a pipeline for file processing and quality control of pedigree data with dense genetic markers. Bioinformatics 2015; 31:3790-8. [PMID: 26231429 PMCID: PMC4668752 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btv444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Revised: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 07/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
MOTIVATION Huge genetic datasets with dense marker panels are now common. With the availability of sequence data and recognition of importance of rare variants, smaller studies based on pedigrees are again also common. Pedigree-based samples often start with a dense marker panel, a subset of which may be used for linkage analysis to reduce computational burden and to limit linkage disequilibrium between single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Programs attempting to select markers for linkage panels exist but lack flexibility. RESULTS We developed a pedigree-based analysis pipeline (PBAP) suite of programs geared towards SNPs and sequence data. PBAP performs quality control, marker selection and file preparation. PBAP sets up files for MORGAN, which can handle analyses for small and large pedigrees, typically human, and results can be used with other programs and for downstream analyses. We evaluate and illustrate its features with two real datasets. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION PBAP scripts may be downloaded from http://faculty.washington.edu/wijsman/software.shtml. CONTACT wijsman@uw.edu. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Hiep D Nguyen
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine
| | | | - Ellen M Wijsman
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine, Department of Biostatistics and Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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Linkage and whole genome sequencing identify a locus on 6q25-26 for formal thought disorder and implicate MEF2A regulation. Schizophr Res 2015; 169:441-446. [PMID: 26421691 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2015.08.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Revised: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Formal thought disorder is a major feature of schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders. It is heritable, found in healthy relatives of patients with schizophrenia and other mental disorders but knowledge of specific genetic factors is lacking. The aim of this study was to search for biologically relevant high-risk variants. Formal thought disorder was assessed in participants in the Copenhagen Schizophrenia Linkage Study (N=236), a unique high-risk family study comprised of six large pedigrees. Microsatellite linkage analysis of formal thought disorder was performed and subsequent haplotype analysis of the implicated region using phased microsatellite and SNP genotypes. Whole genome sequencing (N=3) was used in the attempt to identify causative variants in the linkage region. Linkage analysis of formal thought disorder resulted in a single peak at chromosome 6(q26-q27) centred on marker D6S1277, with a maximum LOD score of 4.0. Phasing and fine mapping of the linkage peak identified a 5.5Mb haplotype (chr6:162242322-167753547, hg18) in 31 individuals, all belonging to the same pedigree sharing the haplotype from a common ancestor. The haplotype segregated with increased total thought disorder index score (P=4.9 × 10(-5)) and qualitatively severe forms of thought disturbances. Whole genome sequencing identified a novel nucleotide deletion (chr6:164377205 AG>A, hg18) predicted to disrupt the potential binding of the transcription factor MEF2A. The MEF2A binding site is located between two genes previously reported to associate with schizophrenia, QKI (HGNC:21100) and PDE10A (HGNC:8772). The findings are consistent with MEF2A deregulation conferring risk of formal thought disorder.
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Davies KTJ, Bennett NC, Tsagkogeorga G, Rossiter SJ, Faulkes CG. Family Wide Molecular Adaptations to Underground Life in African Mole-Rats Revealed by Phylogenomic Analysis. Mol Biol Evol 2015; 32:3089-107. [PMID: 26318402 PMCID: PMC4652621 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msv175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
During their evolutionary radiation, mammals have colonized diverse habitats. Arguably the subterranean niche is the most inhospitable of these, characterized by reduced oxygen, elevated carbon dioxide, absence of light, scarcity of food, and a substrate that is energetically costly to burrow through. Of all lineages to have transitioned to a subterranean niche, African mole-rats are one of the most successful. Much of their ecological success can be attributed to a diet of plant storage organs, which has allowed them to colonize climatically varied habitats across sub-Saharan Africa, and has probably contributed to the evolution of their diverse social systems. Yet despite their many remarkable phenotypic specializations, little is known about molecular adaptations underlying these traits. To address this, we sequenced the transcriptomes of seven mole-rat taxa, including three solitary species, and combined new sequences with existing genomic data sets. Alignments of more than 13,000 protein-coding genes encompassed, for the first time, all six genera and the full spectrum of ecological and social variation in the clade. We detected positive selection within the mole-rat clade and along ancestral branches in approximately 700 genes including loci associated with tumorigenesis, aging, morphological development, and sociality. By combining these results with gene ontology annotation and protein–protein networks, we identified several clusters of functionally related genes. This family wide analysis of molecular evolution in mole-rats has identified a suite of positively selected genes, deepening our understanding of the extreme phenotypic traits exhibited by this group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalina T J Davies
- School of Biological & Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nigel C Bennett
- Department of Zoology & Entomology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Georgia Tsagkogeorga
- School of Biological & Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen J Rossiter
- School of Biological & Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher G Faulkes
- School of Biological & Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
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34
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Gao J, Wang Q, Dong C, Chen S, Qi Y, Liu Y. Whole Exome Sequencing Identified MCM2 as a Novel Causative Gene for Autosomal Dominant Nonsyndromic Deafness in a Chinese Family. PLoS One 2015. [PMID: 26196677 PMCID: PMC4510057 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0133522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the genetic analysis of autosomal dominant, nonsyndromic, progressive sensorineural hearing loss in a Chinese family. Using whole exome sequencing, we identified a missense variant (c.130C>T, p.R44C) in the MCM2 gene, which has a pro-apoptosis effect and is involved in the initiation of eukaryotic genome replication. This missense variant is very likely to be the disease causing variant. It segregated with hearing loss in this pedigree, and was not found in the dbSNP database or databases of genomes and SNP in the Chinese population, in 76 patients with sporadic hearing loss, or in 145 normal individuals. We performed western blot and immunofluorescence to test the MCM2 protein expression in the cochlea of rats and guinea pigs, demonstrating that MCM2 was widely expressed in the cochlea and was also surprisingly expressed in the cytoplasm of terminally differentiated hair cells. We then transiently expressed the variant MCM2 cDNA in HEK293 cells, and found that these cells displayed a slight increase in apoptosis without any changes in proliferation or cell cycle, supporting the view that this variant is pathogenic. In summary, we have identified MCM2 as a novel gene responsible for nonsyndromic hearing loss of autosomal dominant inheritance in a Chinese family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanjuan Gao
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Cheng Dong
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Siqi Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Qi
- Department of central laboratory, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yuhe Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
- * E-mail:
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35
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Gao X, Huang SS, Yuan YY, Wang GJ, Xu JC, Ji YB, Han MY, Yu F, Kang DY, Lin X, Dai P. Targeted gene capture and massively parallel sequencing identify TMC1 as the causative gene in a six-generation Chinese family with autosomal dominant hearing loss. Am J Med Genet A 2015; 167A:2357-65. [PMID: 26079994 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.37206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2014] [Accepted: 05/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Hereditary nonsyndromic hearing loss is extremely heterogeneous. Mutations in the transmembrane channel-like gene1 (TMC1) are known to cause autosomal dominant and recessive forms of nonsyndromic hearing loss linked to the loci of DFNA36 and DFNB7/11, respectively. We characterized a six-generation Chinese family (5315) with progressive, postlingual autosomal dominant nonsyndromic hearing loss (ADNSHL). By combining targeted capture of 82 known deafness genes, next-generation sequencing and bioinformatic analysis, we identified TMC1 c.1714G>A (p. D572N) as the disease-causing mutation. This mutation co-segregated with hearing loss in other family members and was not detected in 308 normal controls. In order to determine the prevalence of TMC1 c.1714G>A in Chinese ADNSHL families, we used DNA samples from 67 ADNSHL families with sloping audiogram and identified two families carry this mutation. To determine whether it arose from a common ancestor, we analyzed nine STR markers. Our results indicated that TMC1 c.1714G>A (p.D572N) account for about 4.4% (3/68) of ADNSHL in the Chinese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Gao
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, P. R. China.,Department of Otolaryngology, Hainan Branch of PLA General Hospital, Sanya, P. R. China.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Second Artillery General Hospital, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Sha-Sha Huang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Yong-Yi Yuan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Guo-Jian Wang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, P. R. China.,Department of Otolaryngology, Hainan Branch of PLA General Hospital, Sanya, P. R. China
| | - Jin-Cao Xu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Second Artillery General Hospital, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Bin Ji
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Second Artillery General Hospital, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Ming-Yu Han
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, P. R. China.,Department of Otolaryngology, Hainan Branch of PLA General Hospital, Sanya, P. R. China
| | - Fei Yu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Dong-Yang Kang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Xi Lin
- Department of Otolaryngology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Pu Dai
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, P. R. China.,Department of Otolaryngology, Hainan Branch of PLA General Hospital, Sanya, P. R. China
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36
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Zong L, Guan J, Ealy M, Zhang Q, Wang D, Wang H, Zhao Y, Shen Z, Campbell CA, Wang F, Yang J, Sun W, Lan L, Ding D, Xie L, Qi Y, Lou X, Huang X, Shi Q, Chang S, Xiong W, Yin Z, Yu N, Zhao H, Wang J, Wang J, Salvi RJ, Petit C, Smith RJH, Wang Q. Mutations in apoptosis-inducing factor cause X-linked recessive auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder. J Med Genet 2015; 52:523-31. [PMID: 25986071 PMCID: PMC4518735 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2014-102961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Background Auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder (ANSD) is a form of hearing loss in which auditory signal transmission from the inner ear to the auditory nerve and brain stem is distorted, giving rise to speech perception difficulties beyond that expected for the observed degree of hearing loss. For many cases of ANSD, the underlying molecular pathology and the site of lesion remain unclear. The X-linked form of the condition, AUNX1, has been mapped to Xq23-q27.3, although the causative gene has yet to be identified. Methods We performed whole-exome sequencing on DNA samples from the AUNX1 family and another small phenotypically similar but unrelated ANSD family. Results We identified two missense mutations in AIFM1 in these families: c.1352G>A (p.R451Q) in the AUNX1 family and c.1030C>T (p.L344F) in the second ANSD family. Mutation screening in a large cohort of 3 additional unrelated families and 93 sporadic cases with ANSD identified 9 more missense mutations in AIFM1. Bioinformatics analysis and expression studies support this gene as being causative of ANSD. Conclusions Variants in AIFM1 gene are a common cause of familial and sporadic ANSD and provide insight into the expanded spectrum of AIFM1-associated diseases. The finding of cochlear nerve hypoplasia in some patients was AIFM1-related ANSD implies that MRI may be of value in localising the site of lesion and suggests that cochlea implantation in these patients may have limited success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Zong
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Institute of Otolaryngology, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Guan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Institute of Otolaryngology, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Megan Ealy
- Molecular Otolaryngology and Renal Research Laboratories and the Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Qiujing Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Institute of Otolaryngology, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Dayong Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Institute of Otolaryngology, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hongyang Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Institute of Otolaryngology, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yali Zhao
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Institute of Otolaryngology, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China Beijing Institute of Otorhinolaryngology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhirong Shen
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Colleen A Campbell
- Molecular Otolaryngology and Renal Research Laboratories and the Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Fengchao Wang
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ju Yang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Institute of Otolaryngology, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Department of Communicative Disorders & Sciences, Center for Hearing and Deafness, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Lan Lan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Institute of Otolaryngology, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Dalian Ding
- Department of Communicative Disorders & Sciences, Center for Hearing and Deafness, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Linyi Xie
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Institute of Otolaryngology, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Qi
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Institute of Otolaryngology, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Lou
- Department of Radiology, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xusheng Huang
- Department of Neurology, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qiang Shi
- Department of Neurology, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Suhua Chang
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenping Xiong
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Institute of Otolaryngology, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zifang Yin
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Institute of Otolaryngology, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Yu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Institute of Otolaryngology, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Institute of Otolaryngology, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | | | - Jing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Richard J Salvi
- Department of Communicative Disorders & Sciences, Center for Hearing and Deafness, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Christine Petit
- Unité de Génétique et Physiologie de l'Audition, Institut Pasteur, Collège de France, Paris, France
| | - Richard J H Smith
- Molecular Otolaryngology and Renal Research Laboratories and the Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Qiuju Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Institute of Otolaryngology, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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37
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Vona B, Nanda I, Hofrichter MAH, Shehata-Dieler W, Haaf T. Non-syndromic hearing loss gene identification: A brief history and glimpse into the future. Mol Cell Probes 2015; 29:260-70. [PMID: 25845345 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcp.2015.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Revised: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
From the first identified non-syndromic hearing loss gene in 1995, to those discovered in present day, the field of human genetics has witnessed an unparalleled revolution that includes the completion of the Human Genome Project in 2003 to the $1000 genome in 2014. This review highlights the classical and cutting-edge strategies for non-syndromic hearing loss gene identification that have been used throughout the twenty year history with a special emphasis on how the innovative breakthroughs in next generation sequencing technology have forever changed candidate gene approaches. The simplified approach afforded by next generation sequencing technology provides a second chance for the many linked loci in large and well characterized families that have been identified by linkage analysis but have presently failed to identify a causative gene. It also discusses some complexities that may restrict eventual candidate gene discovery and calls for novel approaches to answer some of the questions that make this simple Mendelian disorder so intriguing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Vona
- Institute of Human Genetics, Julius Maximilians University, Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Indrajit Nanda
- Institute of Human Genetics, Julius Maximilians University, Würzburg, Germany
| | | | - Wafaa Shehata-Dieler
- Comprehensive Hearing Center, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Plastic, Aesthetic and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Haaf
- Institute of Human Genetics, Julius Maximilians University, Würzburg, Germany
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Abstract
Next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies have played a central role in the genetic revolution. These technologies, especially whole-exome sequencing, have become the primary tool of geneticists to identify the causative DNA variants in Mendelian disorders, including hereditary deafness. Current research estimates that 1% of all human genes have a function in hearing. To date, mutations in over 80 genes have been reported to cause nonsyndromic hearing loss (NSHL). Strikingly, more than a quarter of all known genes related to NSHL were discovered in the past 5 years via NGS technologies. In this article, we review recent developments in the usage of NGS for hereditary deafness, with an emphasis on whole-exome sequencing.
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Yoo HJ, Kim K, Kim IH, Rho SH, Park JE, Lee KY, Kim SA, Choi BY, Kim N. Whole exome sequencing for a patient with Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome reveals de novo variants besides an overt CREBBP mutation. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:5697-713. [PMID: 25768348 PMCID: PMC4394500 DOI: 10.3390/ijms16035697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2014] [Revised: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome (RSTS) is a rare condition with a prevalence of 1 in 125,000–720,000 births and characterized by clinical features that include facial, dental, and limb dysmorphology and growth retardation. Most cases of RSTS occur sporadically and are caused by de novo mutations. Cytogenetic or molecular abnormalities are detected in only 55% of RSTS cases. Previous genetic studies have yielded inconsistent results due to the variety of methods used for genetic analysis. The purpose of this study was to use whole exome sequencing (WES) to evaluate the genetic causes of RSTS in a young girl presenting with an Autism phenotype. We used the Autism diagnostic observation schedule (ADOS) and Autism diagnostic interview revised (ADI-R) to confirm her diagnosis of Autism. In addition, various questionnaires were used to evaluate other psychiatric features. We used WES to analyze the DNA sequences of the patient and her parents and to search for de novo variants. The patient showed all the typical features of Autism, WES revealed a de novo frameshift mutation in CREBBP and de novo sequence variants in TNC and IGFALS genes. Mutations in the CREBBP gene have been extensively reported in RSTS patients, while potential missense mutations in TNC and IGFALS genes have not previously been associated with RSTS. The TNC and IGFALS genes are involved in central nervous system development and growth. It is possible for patients with RSTS to have additional de novo variants that could account for previously unexplained phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Jeong Yoo
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seongnam, Gyeonggi 463-707, Korea.
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University, College of Medicine, Seoul 110-744, Korea.
| | - Kyung Kim
- Epigenomics Research Center, Genome Institute, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 305-806, Korea.
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Ajou University, School of Medicine, Suwon 443-749, Korea.
- Department of Biomedical Science, Ajou University Graduate School of Medicine, Suwon 443-749, Korea.
| | - In Hyang Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seongnam, Gyeonggi 463-707, Korea.
| | | | - Jong-Eun Park
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seongnam, Gyeonggi 463-707, Korea.
| | - Ki Young Lee
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Ajou University, School of Medicine, Suwon 443-749, Korea.
- Department of Biomedical Science, Ajou University Graduate School of Medicine, Suwon 443-749, Korea.
| | - Soon Ae Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Eulji University College of Medicine, Daejeon 301-746, Korea.
| | - Byung Yoon Choi
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University, College of Medicine, Seoul 110-744, Korea.
- Department of Otolaryngology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seongnam, Gyeonggi 463-707, Korea.
| | - Namshin Kim
- Epigenomics Research Center, Genome Institute, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 305-806, Korea.
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40
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Gao X, Dai P. Impact of next-generation sequencing on molecular diagnosis of inherited non-syndromic hearing loss. J Otol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joto.2014.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
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Wang H, Zhao Y, Yi Y, Gao Y, Liu Q, Wang D, Li Q, Lan L, Li N, Guan J, Yin Z, Han B, Zhao F, Zong L, Xiong W, Yu L, Song L, Yi X, Yang L, Petit C, Wang Q. Targeted high-throughput sequencing identifies pathogenic mutations in KCNQ4 in two large Chinese families with autosomal dominant hearing loss. PLoS One 2014; 9:e103133. [PMID: 25116015 PMCID: PMC4130520 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0103133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2014] [Accepted: 06/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Autosomal dominant non-syndromic hearing loss (ADNSHL) is highly heterogeneous, among them, KCNQ4 is one of the most frequent disease-causing genes. More than twenty KCNQ4 mutations have been reported, but none of them were detected in Chinese mainland families. In this study, we identified a novel KCNQ4 mutation in a five generation Chinese family with 84 members and a known KCNQ4 mutation in a six generation Chinese family with 66 members. Mutation screening of 30 genes for ADNSHL was performed in the probands from thirty large Chinese families with ADNSHL by targeted region capture and high-throughput sequencing. The candidate variants and the co-segregation of the phenotype were verified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification and Sanger sequencing in all ascertained family members. Then we identified a novel KCNQ4 mutation p.W275R in exon 5 and a known KCNQ4 mutation p.G285S in exon 6 in two large Chinese ADNSHL families segregating with post-lingual high frequency-involved and progressive sensorineural hearing loss. This is the first report of KCNQ4 mutation in Chinese mainland families. KCNQ4, a member of voltage-gated potassium channel family, is likely to be a common gene in Chinese patients with ADNSHL. The results also support that the combination of targeted enrichment and high-throughput sequencing is a valuable molecular diagnostic tool for autosomal dominant hereditary deafness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyang Wang
- Institute of Otolaryngology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Yali Zhao
- Institute of Otolaryngology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | | | - Yun Gao
- Institute of Otolaryngology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Qiong Liu
- Institute of Otolaryngology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Dayong Wang
- Institute of Otolaryngology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Li
- Institute of Otolaryngology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Lan Lan
- Institute of Otolaryngology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Na Li
- Institute of Otolaryngology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Guan
- Institute of Otolaryngology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Zifang Yin
- Institute of Otolaryngology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Bing Han
- Institute of Otolaryngology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Feifan Zhao
- Institute of Otolaryngology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Liang Zong
- Institute of Otolaryngology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Wenping Xiong
- Institute of Otolaryngology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Lan Yu
- Institute of Otolaryngology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | | | - Xin Yi
- BGI-Tianjin, Tianjin, China
| | | | - Christine Petit
- Unité de Génétique et Physiologie de l'Audition, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- UMRS 1120, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Paris, France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie (Paris VI), Paris, France
- Collège de France, Paris, France
| | - Qiuju Wang
- Institute of Otolaryngology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
- * E-mail:
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Identification of OSBPL2 as a novel candidate gene for progressive nonsyndromic hearing loss by whole-exome sequencing. Genet Med 2014; 17:210-8. [PMID: 25077649 DOI: 10.1038/gim.2014.90] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2014] [Accepted: 06/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Various forms of hearing loss have genetic causes, but many of the responsible genes have not yet been identified. Here, we describe a large seven-generation Chinese family with autosomal dominant nonsyndromic hearing loss that has been excluded as being caused by known deafness gene mutations associated with autosomal dominant nonsyndromic hearing loss with the aim of identifying a novel causative gene involved in deafness. METHODS Whole-exome sequencing was conducted in three affected family members, and cosegregation analysis was performed on other members of the family. RESULTS Whole-exome sequencing and subsequent segregation analysis identified a heterozygous frameshift mutation (c.153_154delCT, p.Gln53Argfs*100) in the oxysterol binding protein-like 2 (OSBPL2) gene in 25 affected family members. The deletion mutation is predicted to lead to premature truncation of the OSBPL2 protein. Modeling and structure-based analysis support the theory that this gene deletion is functionally deleterious. Our finding was further confirmed by the detection of another missense mutation, a c.583C>A transversion (p.Leu195Met) in exon 7 of OSBPL2, in an additional sporadic case of deafness. CONCLUSION Based on this study, OSBPL2 was identified as an excellent novel candidate gene for autosomal dominant nonsyndromic hearing loss; this study is the first to implicate OSBPL2 mutations in autosomal dominant nonsyndromic hearing loss.
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