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Sanfeliu-Redondo D, Gibert-Ramos A, Gracia-Sancho J. Cell senescence in liver diseases: pathological mechanism and theranostic opportunity. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2024; 21:477-492. [PMID: 38485755 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-024-00913-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024]
Abstract
The liver is not oblivious to the passage of time, as ageing is a major risk factor for the development of acute and chronic liver diseases. Ageing produces alterations in all hepatic cells, affecting their phenotype and function and worsening the prognosis of liver disease. The ageing process also implies the accumulation of a cellular state characterized by a persistent proliferation arrest and a specific secretory phenotype named cellular senescence. Indeed, senescent cells have key roles in many physiological processes; however, their accumulation owing to ageing or pathological conditions contributes to the damage occurring in chronic diseases. The aim of this Review is to provide an updated description of the pathophysiological events in which hepatic senescent cells are involved and their role in liver disease progression. Finally, we discuss novel geroscience therapies that could be applied to prevent or improve liver diseases and age-mediated hepatic deregulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Sanfeliu-Redondo
- Liver Vascular Biology Laboratory, IDIBAPS Biomedical Research Institute - Hospital Clínic de Barcelona & CIBEREHD, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Albert Gibert-Ramos
- Liver Vascular Biology Laboratory, IDIBAPS Biomedical Research Institute - Hospital Clínic de Barcelona & CIBEREHD, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Gracia-Sancho
- Liver Vascular Biology Laboratory, IDIBAPS Biomedical Research Institute - Hospital Clínic de Barcelona & CIBEREHD, Barcelona, Spain.
- Department of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Inselspital - University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
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2
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Karin M, Kim JY. MASH as an emerging cause of hepatocellular carcinoma: current knowledge and future perspectives. Mol Oncol 2024. [PMID: 38874196 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma is one of the deadliest and fastest-growing cancers. Among HCC etiologies, metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) has served as a major HCC driver due to its great potential for increasing cirrhosis. The obesogenic environment fosters a positive energy balance and results in a continuous rise of obesity and metabolic syndrome. However, it is difficult to understand how metabolic complications lead to the poor prognosis of liver diseases and which molecular mechanisms are underpinning MAFLD-driven HCC development. Thus, suitable preclinical models that recapitulate human etiologies are essentially required. Numerous preclinical models have been created but not many mimicked anthropometric measures and the course of disease progression shown in the patients. Here we review the literature on adipose tissues, liver-related HCC etiologies and recently discovered genetic mutation signatures found in MAFLD-driven HCC patients. We also critically review current rodent models suggested for MAFLD-driven HCC study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Karin
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, Departments of Pharmacology and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ju Youn Kim
- Department of Molecular and Life Science, Hanyang University ERICA, Ansan, Korea
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3
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Ran Q, Song D, Wang Q, Wang D, Chen X, Zhang A, Ma L. Resveratrol Alleviates Arsenic Exposure-Induced Liver Fibrosis in Rats by Inhibiting Hepatocyte Senescence. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024:10.1007/s12011-024-04255-9. [PMID: 38831176 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-024-04255-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Arsenic is an environmental pollutant that has garnered considerable attention from the World Health Organization. Liver fibrosis is an advanced pathological stage of liver injury that can be caused by chronic arsenic exposure and has the potential to be reversed to prevent cirrhosis and hepatic malignancies. However, effective treatment options are currently limited. Given the profibrogenic effect of hepatocyte senescence, we established a rat model of sub-chronic sodium arsenite exposure and investigated the ability of resveratrol (RSV), a potential anti-senescence agent, to ameliorate arsenic-induced liver fibrosis and elucidate the underlying mechanism from the perspective of hepatocyte senescence. The results demonstrated that RSV was capable of mitigating fibrosis phenotypes in rat livers, including the activation of hepatic stellate cell (HSC), the generation of extracellular matrix, and the deposition of collagen fibers in the liver vascular zone, which are all induced by arsenic exposure. Furthermore, as an activator of the longevity factor SIRT1, RSV antagonized the arsenic-induced inhibition of SIRT1 expression, thereby restoring the suppression of the senescence protein p16 by SIRT1. This prevented arsenic-induced hepatocyte senescence, manifesting as a decrease in telomere shortening and a reduction in the release of senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP)-related proteins. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that RSV counteracts arsenic-induced hepatocyte senescence and the release of SASP-related proteins by restoring the inhibitory effect of SIRT1 on p16, thereby suppressing the activation of fibrotic phenotypes and mitigating liver fibrosis. These findings provide new insights for understanding the mechanism of arsenic-induced liver fibrosis, and more importantly, they reveal novel potential interventional approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiming Ran
- The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention, Control of Endemic and Ethnic Regional Diseases Co-Constructed By the Province and Ministry, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Dingyi Song
- The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention, Control of Endemic and Ethnic Regional Diseases Co-Constructed By the Province and Ministry, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Qi Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention, Control of Endemic and Ethnic Regional Diseases Co-Constructed By the Province and Ministry, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Dapeng Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention, Control of Endemic and Ethnic Regional Diseases Co-Constructed By the Province and Ministry, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Xiong Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention, Control of Endemic and Ethnic Regional Diseases Co-Constructed By the Province and Ministry, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Aihua Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention, Control of Endemic and Ethnic Regional Diseases Co-Constructed By the Province and Ministry, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China.
| | - Lu Ma
- The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention, Control of Endemic and Ethnic Regional Diseases Co-Constructed By the Province and Ministry, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China.
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Dai Q, Qing X, Jiang W, Wang S, Liu S, Liu X, Huang F, Zhao H. Aging aggravates liver fibrosis through downregulated hepatocyte SIRT1-induced liver sinusoidal endothelial cell dysfunction. Hepatol Commun 2024; 8:e0350. [PMID: 38126919 PMCID: PMC10749712 DOI: 10.1097/hc9.0000000000000350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aging increases the susceptibility to chronic liver diseases and hastens liver fibrosis deterioration, but the underlying mechanisms remain partially understood. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of aging and chronic liver diseases on hepatocyte Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) and LSECs and their contribution to liver fibrosis pathogeneses. METHODS Young (8-12 wk) and aged (18-20 mo) mice were subjected to carbon tetrachloride-induced liver fibrosis. Primary HSCs and LSECs were isolated and cocultured for in vitro experiments. Liver tissues and blood samples from healthy controls and patients with liver fibrosis were analyzed. RESULTS Downregulated hepatocytes SIRT1 in aged mice increased high mobility group box 1 acetylation, cytoplasmic translocation, and extracellular secretion, causing LSECs dysfunction by means of the toll-like receptor 4/AK strain transforming (AKT)/endothelial nitric oxide synthase pathway, ultimately activating HSCs and increasing susceptibility to liver injury and fibrosis. Adeno-associated virus-mediated overexpression of SIRT1 in hepatocytes suppressed the abovementioned alterations and attenuated carbon tetrachloride-induced liver injury and fibrosis in liver fibrosis mice, and there were no significant differences in liver injury and fibrosis indicators between young and aged mice after SIRT1 overexpression treatment. In vitro experiments demonstrated that SIRT1 overexpression and endothelial nitric oxide synthase agonist YC-1 improved LSECs function and inhibited HSCs activation, mediated by nitric oxide. Similarly, downregulated hepatocytes SIRT1 and LSECs dysfunction were observed in the livers of aged individuals compared to young individuals and were more pronounced in aged patients with liver fibrosis. CONCLUSIONS Aging aggravates liver fibrosis through downregulated hepatocytes SIRT1-induced LSECs dysfunction, providing a prospective curative approach for preventing and treating liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Dai
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xin Qing
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Department of Burns, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Shouwen Wang
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Shengsheng Liu
- Department of Pathology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xuesheng Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Fan Huang
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Hongchuan Zhao
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
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Abstract
Alcohol-related liver disease (ALD) is a major cause of liver-related morbidity and mortality. Epidemiological trends indicate recent and predicted increases in the burden of disease. Disease progression is driven by continued alcohol exposure on a background of genetic predisposition together with environmental cofactors. Most individuals present with advanced disease despite a long history of excessive alcohol consumption and multiple missed opportunities to intervene. Increasing evidence supports the use of non-invasive tests to screen for and identify disease at earlier stages. There is a definite role for public health measures to reduce the overall burden of disease. At an individual level, however, the ability to influence subsequent disease course by modifying alcohol consumption or the underlying pathogenic mechanisms remains limited due to a comparative lack of effective, disease-modifying medical interventions. Abstinence from alcohol is the key determinant of outcome in established ALD and the cornerstone of clinical management. In those with decompensated ALD, liver transplant has a clear role. There is consensus that abstinence from alcohol for an arbitrary period should not be the sole determinant in a decision to transplant. An increasing understanding of the mechanisms by which alcohol causes liver disease in susceptible individuals offers the prospect of new therapeutic targets for disease-modifying drugs. Successful translation will require significant public and private investment in a disease area which has traditionally been underfunded when compared to its overall prevalence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Thursz
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
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Tao H, Liu Q, Zeng A, Song L. Unlocking the potential of Mesenchymal stem cells in liver Fibrosis: Insights into the impact of autophagy and aging. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 121:110497. [PMID: 37329808 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is a chronic liver disease characterized by extracellular matrix protein accumulation, potentially leading to cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma. Liver cell damage, inflammatory responses, and apoptosis due to various reasons induce liver fibrosis. Although several treatments, such as antiviral drugs and immunosuppressive therapies, are available for liver fibrosis, they only provide limited efficacy. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have become a promising therapeutic option for liver fibrosis, because they can modulate the immune response, promote liver regeneration, and inhibit the activation of hepatic stellate cells that contribute to disease development. Recent studies have suggested that the mechanisms through which MSCs gain their antifibrotic properties involve autophagy and senescence. Autophagy, a vital cellular self-degradation process, is critical for maintaining homeostasis and protecting against nutritional, metabolic, and infection-mediated stress. The therapeutic effects of MSCs depend on appropriate autophagy levels, which can improve the fibrotic process. Nonetheless, aging-related autophagic damage is associated with a decline in MSC number and function, which play a crucial role in liver fibrosis development. This review summarizes the recent advancements in the understanding of autophagy and senescence in MSC-based liver fibrosis treatment, presenting the key findings from relevant studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxia Tao
- School of Medical and Life Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, PR China
| | - Qianglin Liu
- School of Medical and Life Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, PR China
| | - Anqi Zeng
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology and Clinical Application, Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China.
| | - Linjiang Song
- School of Medical and Life Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, PR China.
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Li X, Li C, Zhang W, Wang Y, Qian P, Huang H. Inflammation and aging: signaling pathways and intervention therapies. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:239. [PMID: 37291105 PMCID: PMC10248351 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01502-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 89.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is characterized by systemic chronic inflammation, which is accompanied by cellular senescence, immunosenescence, organ dysfunction, and age-related diseases. Given the multidimensional complexity of aging, there is an urgent need for a systematic organization of inflammaging through dimensionality reduction. Factors secreted by senescent cells, known as the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), promote chronic inflammation and can induce senescence in normal cells. At the same time, chronic inflammation accelerates the senescence of immune cells, resulting in weakened immune function and an inability to clear senescent cells and inflammatory factors, which creates a vicious cycle of inflammation and senescence. Persistently elevated inflammation levels in organs such as the bone marrow, liver, and lungs cannot be eliminated in time, leading to organ damage and aging-related diseases. Therefore, inflammation has been recognized as an endogenous factor in aging, and the elimination of inflammation could be a potential strategy for anti-aging. Here we discuss inflammaging at the molecular, cellular, organ, and disease levels, and review current aging models, the implications of cutting-edge single cell technologies, as well as anti-aging strategies. Since preventing and alleviating aging-related diseases and improving the overall quality of life are the ultimate goals of aging research, our review highlights the critical features and potential mechanisms of inflammation and aging, along with the latest developments and future directions in aging research, providing a theoretical foundation for novel and practical anti-aging strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Li
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, 1369 West Wenyi Road, Hangzhou, 311121, China
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University & Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunotherapy, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Zhejiang Province Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunity Therapy, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Chentao Li
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, 1369 West Wenyi Road, Hangzhou, 311121, China
- Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Haining, China
| | - Wanying Zhang
- Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Haining, China
| | - Yanan Wang
- Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Haining, China
| | - Pengxu Qian
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, 1369 West Wenyi Road, Hangzhou, 311121, China.
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University & Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunotherapy, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
- Zhejiang Province Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunity Therapy, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine and Bone Marrow Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| | - He Huang
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, 1369 West Wenyi Road, Hangzhou, 311121, China.
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University & Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunotherapy, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
- Zhejiang Province Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunity Therapy, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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Shi JF, Liu Y, Wang Y, Gao R, Wang Y, Liu J. Targeting ferroptosis, a novel programmed cell death, for the potential of alcohol-related liver disease therapy. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1194343. [PMID: 37214434 PMCID: PMC10196366 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1194343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a new iron-dependent cell death mode, which is different from the other types of programmed cell death, such as apoptosis, necrosis, and autophagy. Ferroptosis is characterized by a process in which fatal lipids from lipid peroxidation accumulate in cells and eventually lead to cell death. Alcohol-related liver disease (ALD) is a type of liver injury caused by excessive alcohol intake. Alcohol-related liver disease is a broad-spectrum disease category, which includes fatty liver, steatohepatitis, hepatitis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular tumors. Recent studies have found that ferroptosis is involved in the pathological development of non-viral liver diseases. Therefore, ferroptosis may be an ideal target for the treatment of non-viral liver diseases. In this review article, we will elaborate the molecular mechanism and regulatory mechanism of ferroptosis, explore the key role of ferroptosis in the Alcohol-related liver disease process, and summarize the existing targeted ferroptosis drugs and their feasibility for the treatment of Alcohol-related liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Fen Shi
- Institute for Health Policy and Hospital Management, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science and Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Wenjiang District People’s Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu’e Liu
- Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital of Tongji University, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Wenjiang District People’s Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, China
| | - Ru Gao
- Wenjiang District People’s Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science and Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Wenjiang District People’s Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, China
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science and Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
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Bellar A, Welch N, Dasarathy J, Attaway A, Musich R, Kumar A, Sekar J, Mishra S, Sandlers Y, Streem D, Nagy LE, Dasarathy S. Peripheral blood mononuclear cell mitochondrial dysfunction in acute alcohol-associated hepatitis. Clin Transl Med 2023; 13:e1276. [PMID: 37228227 PMCID: PMC10212276 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.1276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with acute alcohol-associated hepatitis (AH) have immune dysfunction. Mitochondrial function is critical for immune cell responses and regulates senescence. Clinical translational studies using complementary bioinformatics-experimental validation of mitochondrial responses were performed in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from patients with AH, healthy controls (HC), and heavy drinkers without evidence of liver disease (HD). METHODS Feature extraction for differentially expressed genes (DEG) in mitochondrial components and telomere regulatory pathways from single-cell RNAseq (scRNAseq) and integrated 'pseudobulk' transcriptomics from PBMC from AH and HC (n = 4 each) were performed. After optimising isolation and processing protocols for functional studies in PBMC, mitochondrial oxidative responses to substrates, uncoupler, and inhibitors were quantified in independent discovery (AH n = 12; HD n = 6; HC n = 12) and validation cohorts (AH n = 10; HC n = 7). Intermediary metabolites (gas-chromatography/mass-spectrometry) and telomere length (real-time PCR) were quantified in subsets of subjects (PBMC/plasma AH n = 69/59; HD n = 8/8; HC n = 14/27 for metabolites; HC n = 13; HD n = 8; AH n = 72 for telomere length). RESULTS Mitochondrial, intermediary metabolite, and senescence-regulatory genes were differentially expressed in PBMC from AH and HC in a cell type-specific manner at baseline and with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Fresh PBMC isolated using the cell preparation tube generated optimum mitochondrial responses. Intact cell and maximal respiration were lower (p ≤ .05) in AH than HC/HD in the discovery and validation cohorts. In permeabilised PBMC, maximum respiration, complex I and II function were lower in AH than HC. Most tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle intermediates in plasma were higher while those in PBMC were lower in patients with AH than those from HC. Lower telomere length, a measure of cellular senescence, was associated with higher mortality in AH. CONCLUSION Patients with AH have lower mitochondrial oxidative function, higher plasma TCA cycle intermediates, with telomere shortening in nonsurvivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette Bellar
- Department of Inflammation and ImmunityLerner Research Institue, Cleveland ClinicClevelandOhio
| | - Nicole Welch
- Department of Inflammation and ImmunityLerner Research Institue, Cleveland ClinicClevelandOhio
- Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyCleveland ClinicClevelandOhio
| | | | - Amy Attaway
- Departnent of Pulmonary MedicineCleveland ClinicClevelandOhio
| | - Ryan Musich
- Department of Inflammation and ImmunityLerner Research Institue, Cleveland ClinicClevelandOhio
| | - Avinash Kumar
- Department of Inflammation and ImmunityLerner Research Institue, Cleveland ClinicClevelandOhio
| | - Jinendiran Sekar
- Department of Inflammation and ImmunityLerner Research Institue, Cleveland ClinicClevelandOhio
| | - Saurabh Mishra
- Department of Inflammation and ImmunityLerner Research Institue, Cleveland ClinicClevelandOhio
| | - Yana Sandlers
- Department of ChemistryCleveland State UniversityClevelandOhio
| | - David Streem
- Department of Psychiatry and PsychologyCleveland Clinc Lutheran HospitalClevelandOhio
| | - Laura E Nagy
- Department of Inflammation and ImmunityLerner Research Institue, Cleveland ClinicClevelandOhio
| | - Srinivasan Dasarathy
- Department of Inflammation and ImmunityLerner Research Institue, Cleveland ClinicClevelandOhio
- Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyCleveland ClinicClevelandOhio
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10
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Penrice DD, Jalan-Sakrikar N, Jurk D, Passos JF, Simonetto DA. Telomere dysfunction in chronic liver disease: The link from aging. Hepatology 2023:01515467-990000000-00410. [PMID: 37102475 PMCID: PMC10848919 DOI: 10.1097/hep.0000000000000426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel D. Penrice
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Nidhi Jalan-Sakrikar
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Diana Jurk
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - João F. Passos
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Douglas A. Simonetto
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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11
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Kim HS, Shetty PB, Tsavachidis S, Dong J, Amos CI, El-Serag HB, Thrift AP. Admixture Mapping in African Americans Identifies New Risk Loci for HCV-Related Cirrhosis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023; 21:1023-1030.e39. [PMID: 35680035 PMCID: PMC9722981 DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2022.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Cirrhosis is the main predisposing condition for hepatocellular carcinoma. Host genetic risk factors have been reported for cirrhosis; however, whether there is a genetic contribution to racial disparities in cirrhosis requires further investigation. METHODS We used an affected-only mapping by admixture linkage disequilibrium analysis to characterize the genetic risk of cirrhosis in 227 African American patients with cirrhosis genotyped at 19,804 ancestry-informative marker single nucleotide polymorphisms. We additionally performed analyses stratified by hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection status. To replicate our findings, we conducted a case-control analysis in an external study population (452 cases and 196 controls). RESULTS The mean age of patients was 63.3 years and 98.2% were male. Risk factors for cirrhosis included HCV infection (83.7%) and alcohol abuse (56.4%). In the admixture mapping analysis, we found that European ancestry on chromosome 2q21.1 and African ancestry on chromosome 6p21.2 were associated with increased risk of cirrhosis in African Americans. In the fine-mapping analysis, we identified regions near POTEKP on 2q21.1 (P = .0001) and DNAH8 on 6p21.2 (P = .0017) that were associated with cirrhosis. As the admixture peaks in the HCV-positive patients were the same as those in the overall group, findings in the analysis are reflective of the HCV-positive group. In the replication analysis, the results on chromosome 2 were not significant after adjusting for multiple comparisons, and we could not replicate the results on chromosome 6. CONCLUSIONS We used admixture mapping to identify novel genomic regions on 2q21.1 and 6p21.2 that may be associated with HCV-related cirrhosis risk in African Americans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Seok Kim
- Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Priya B Shetty
- Section of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Spiridon Tsavachidis
- Section of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Jing Dong
- Section of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas; Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Cancer Center and Genomic Sciences and Precision Medicine Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Christopher I Amos
- Section of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas; Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Hashem B El-Serag
- Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas; Center for Innovations in Quality, Effectiveness and Safety, Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Aaron P Thrift
- Section of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas; Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.
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12
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Role of Oxidative Stress in Liver Disorders. LIVERS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/livers2040023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxygen is vital for life as it is required for many different enzymatic reactions involved in intermediate metabolism and xenobiotic biotransformation. Moreover, oxygen consumption in the electron transport chain of mitochondria is used to drive the synthesis of ATP to meet the energetic demands of cells. However, toxic free radicals are generated as byproducts of molecular oxygen consumption. Oxidative stress ensues not only when the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) exceeds the endogenous antioxidant defense mechanism of cells, but it can also occur as a consequence of an unbalance between antioxidant strategies. Given the important role of hepatocytes in the biotransformation and metabolism of xenobiotics, ROS production represents a critical event in liver physiology, and increasing evidence suggests that oxidative stress contributes to the development of many liver diseases. The present review, which is part of the special issue “Oxidant stress in Liver Diseases”, aims to provide an overview of the sources and targets of ROS in different liver diseases and highlights the pivotal role of oxidative stress in cell death. In addition, current antioxidant therapies as treatment options for such disorders and their limitations for future trial design are discussed.
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13
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Khair S, Brenner LA, Koval M, Samuelson D, Cucinello-Regland JA, Anton P, Piano MR, Simon L, Crotty K, Sharieh F, Travers JB, Singh V, Cannon A, Kim A, McCullough RL, Yeligar SM, Wyatt TA, McMahan RH, Choudhry MA, Kovacs EJ. New insights into the mechanism of alcohol-mediated organ damage via its impact on immunity, metabolism, and repair pathways: A summary of the 2021 Alcohol and Immunology Research Interest Group (AIRIG) meeting. Alcohol 2022; 103:1-7. [PMID: 35659577 PMCID: PMC9994264 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2022.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
On November 19th, 2021, the annual Alcohol and Immunology Research Interest Group (AIRIG) meeting was held at Loyola University Chicago Health Sciences Campus in Maywood, Illinois. The 2021 meeting focused on how alcohol misuse is linked to immune system derangements, leading to tissue and organ damage, and how this research can be translated into improving treatment of alcohol-related disease. This meeting was divided into three plenary sessions: the first session focused on how alcohol misuse affects different parts of the immune system, the second session presented research on mechanisms of organ damage from alcohol misuse, and the final session highlighted research on potential therapeutic targets for treating alcohol-mediated tissue damage. Diverse areas of alcohol research were covered during the meeting, from alcohol's effect on pulmonary systems and neuroinflammation to epigenetic changes, senescence markers, and microvesicle particles. These presentations yielded a thoughtful discussion on how the findings can lead to therapeutic treatments for people suffering from alcohol-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanawaj Khair
- Department of Surgery, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States; Alcohol Research Program, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States; Molecular Biology Graduate Program, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States; Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Lisa A Brenner
- VA Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center, Rocky Mountain Regional Veterans Affairs (VA) Medical Center, Aurora, CO, United States; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States; Department of Psychiatry and Neurology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States; Military and Veteran Microbiome: Consortium for Research and Education, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Michael Koval
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States; Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Derrick Samuelson
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Jessica A Cucinello-Regland
- Department of Physiology, Alcohol and Drug Abuse Center of Excellence, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Paige Anton
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Mariann R Piano
- Center for Research Development and Scholarship, Vanderbilt University School of Nursing, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Liz Simon
- Department of Physiology, Comprehensive Alcohol HIV/AIDs Research Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Kathryn Crotty
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Atlanta Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Decatur, GA, United States
| | - Farah Sharieh
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL, United States; Alcohol Research Program, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, IL, United States
| | | | - Vaibhav Singh
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Abigail Cannon
- Alcohol Research Program, Burn and Shock Trauma Research Institute, Department of Surgery, Loyola University Chicago Health Sciences Campus, Maywood, IL, United States
| | - Adam Kim
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Rebecca L McCullough
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Samantha M Yeligar
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Atlanta Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Decatur, GA, United States
| | - Todd A Wyatt
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States; Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Rachel H McMahan
- Department of Surgery, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States; Alcohol Research Program, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Mashkoor A Choudhry
- Alcohol Research Program, Burn and Shock Trauma Research Institute, Department of Surgery, Loyola University Chicago Health Sciences Campus, Maywood, IL, United States; Integrative Cell Biology Program, Loyola University Chicago Health Sciences Campus, Maywood, IL, United States
| | - Elizabeth J Kovacs
- Department of Surgery, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States; Alcohol Research Program, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States; Molecular Biology Graduate Program, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States; Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States; VA Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center, Rocky Mountain Regional Veterans Affairs (VA) Medical Center, Aurora, CO, United States.
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14
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Role of Hepatocyte Senescence in the Activation of Hepatic Stellate Cells and Liver Fibrosis Progression. Cells 2022; 11:cells11142221. [PMID: 35883664 PMCID: PMC9322633 DOI: 10.3390/cells11142221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocyte senescence is associated with liver fibrosis. However, the possibility of a direct, causal relation between hepatocyte senescence and hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation was the subject of this study. Liver biopsy specimens obtained from 50 patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and a spectrum of liver fibrosis stages were stained for p16, αSMA, and picrosirius red (PSR). Primary human HSCs were cultured in conditioned media derived from senescent or control HepG2 cells. Expression of inflammatory and fibrogenic genes in HSCs cultured in conditioned media were studied using RT-PCR. ELISAs were undertaken to measure factors known to activate HSCs in the conditioned media from senescent and control HepG2 cells and serum samples from healthy volunteers or patients with biopsy-proven cirrhosis. There was a strong association between proportion of senescent hepatocytes and hepatic stellate cell activation. Both proportion of hepatocyte senescence and hepatic stellate cell activation were closely associated with fibrosis stage. Inflammatory and fibrogenic genes were up-regulated significantly in HSCs cultured in conditioned media from senescent HepG2 cells compared with control HepG2 cells. PDGF levels were significantly higher in the conditioned media from senescent hepatocytes than control HepG2-conditioned media, and in serum samples from patients with cirrhosis than healthy volunteers. In conclusion, this ‘proof of concept’ study revealed activation of human HSCs by media from senescent HepG2 cells, indicating direct involvement of factors secreted by senescent hepatocytes in liver fibrosis.
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15
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Qi X, Zheng S, Ma M, Lian N, Wang H, Chen L, Song A, Lu C, Zheng S, Jin H. Curcumol Suppresses CCF-Mediated Hepatocyte Senescence Through Blocking LC3B–Lamin B1 Interaction in Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:912825. [PMID: 35837283 PMCID: PMC9273900 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.912825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies indicated that hepatocyte senescence plays an important role in the development of alcoholic fatty liver disease (AFLD), suggesting that inhibition of hepatocyte senescence might be a potential strategy for AFLD treatment. The present study investigated the effect of curcumol, a component from the root of Rhizoma Curcumae, on hepatocyte senescence in AFLD and the underlying mechanisms implicated. The results showed that curcumol was able to reduce lipid deposition and injury in livers of ethanol liquid diet-fed mice and in ethanol-treated LO2 cells. Both in vivo and in vitro studies indicated that supplementation with curcumol effectively alleviated ethanol-induced cellular senescence as manifested by a decrease in senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) activity, a downregulated expression of senescence-related markers p16 and p21, and dysfunction of the telomere and telomerase system. Consistently, treatment with curcumol led to a marked suppression of ethanol-induced formation of cytoplasmic chromatin fragments (CCF) and subsequent activation of cGAS-STING, resulting in a significant reduction in senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP)-related inflammatory factors’ secretion. Further studies indicated that curcumol’s inhibition of CCF formation might be derived from blocking the interaction of LC3B with lamin B1 and maintaining nuclear membrane integrity. Taken together, these results indicated that curcumol was capable of ameliorating AFLD through inhibition of hepatocyte senescence, which might be attributed to its blocking of LC3B and lamin B1 interaction and subsequent inactivation of the CCF-cGAS-STING pathway. These findings suggest a promising use of curcumol in the treatment of AFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Qi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Shuguo Zheng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Mingyue Ma
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Naqi Lian
- School of Medicine and Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongting Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Lerong Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Anping Song
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Chunfeng Lu
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Shizhong Zheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Shizhong Zheng, , ; Huanhuan Jin,
| | - Huanhuan Jin
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
- *Correspondence: Shizhong Zheng, , ; Huanhuan Jin,
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16
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Nutrition Interventions of Herbal Compounds on Cellular Senescence. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:1059257. [PMID: 35528514 PMCID: PMC9068308 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1059257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
When cells undergo large-scale senescence, organ aging ensues, resulting in irreversible organ pathology and organismal aging. The study of senescence in cells provides an important avenue to understand the factors that influence aging and can be used as one of the useful tools for examining age-related human diseases. At present, many herbal compounds have shown effects on delaying cell senescence. This review summarizes the main characteristics and mechanisms of cell senescence, age-related diseases, and the recent progress on the natural products targeting cellular senescence, with the aim of providing insights to aid the clinical management of age-related diseases.
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17
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Zeidler JD, Hogan KA, Agorrody G, Peclat TR, Kashyap S, Kanamori KS, Gomez LS, Mazdeh DZ, Warner GM, Thompson KL, Chini CCS, Chini EN. The CD38 glycohydrolase and the NAD sink: implications for pathological conditions. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2022; 322:C521-C545. [PMID: 35138178 PMCID: PMC8917930 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00451.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) acts as a cofactor in several oxidation-reduction (redox) reactions and is a substrate for a number of nonredox enzymes. NAD is fundamental to a variety of cellular processes including energy metabolism, cell signaling, and epigenetics. NAD homeostasis appears to be of paramount importance to health span and longevity, and its dysregulation is associated with multiple diseases. NAD metabolism is dynamic and maintained by synthesis and degradation. The enzyme CD38, one of the main NAD-consuming enzymes, is a key component of NAD homeostasis. The majority of CD38 is localized in the plasma membrane with its catalytic domain facing the extracellular environment, likely for the purpose of controlling systemic levels of NAD. Several cell types express CD38, but its expression predominates on endothelial cells and immune cells capable of infiltrating organs and tissues. Here we review potential roles of CD38 in health and disease and postulate ways in which CD38 dysregulation causes changes in NAD homeostasis and contributes to the pathophysiology of multiple conditions. Indeed, in animal models the development of infectious diseases, autoimmune disorders, fibrosis, metabolic diseases, and age-associated diseases including cancer, heart disease, and neurodegeneration are associated with altered CD38 enzymatic activity. Many of these conditions are modified in CD38-deficient mice or by blocking CD38 NADase activity. In diseases in which CD38 appears to play a role, CD38-dependent NAD decline is often a common denominator of pathophysiology. Thus, understanding dysregulation of NAD homeostasis by CD38 may open new avenues for the treatment of human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julianna D. Zeidler
- 1Signal Transduction and Molecular Nutrition Laboratory, Kogod Aging Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Kelly A. Hogan
- 1Signal Transduction and Molecular Nutrition Laboratory, Kogod Aging Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Guillermo Agorrody
- 3Departamento de Fisiopatología, Hospital de Clínicas, Montevideo, Uruguay,4Laboratorio de Patologías del Metabolismo y el Envejecimiento, Instituto Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Thais R. Peclat
- 1Signal Transduction and Molecular Nutrition Laboratory, Kogod Aging Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Sonu Kashyap
- 2Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida
| | - Karina S. Kanamori
- 1Signal Transduction and Molecular Nutrition Laboratory, Kogod Aging Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Lilian Sales Gomez
- 1Signal Transduction and Molecular Nutrition Laboratory, Kogod Aging Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Delaram Z. Mazdeh
- 1Signal Transduction and Molecular Nutrition Laboratory, Kogod Aging Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Gina M. Warner
- 1Signal Transduction and Molecular Nutrition Laboratory, Kogod Aging Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Katie L. Thompson
- 1Signal Transduction and Molecular Nutrition Laboratory, Kogod Aging Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Claudia C. S. Chini
- 2Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida
| | - Eduardo Nunes Chini
- 1Signal Transduction and Molecular Nutrition Laboratory, Kogod Aging Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota,2Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida
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18
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Denk H, Pabst D, Abuja PM, Reihs R, Tessaro B, Zatloukal K, Lackner C. Senescence markers in focal nodular hyperplasia of the liver: pathogenic considerations on the basis of immunohistochemical results. Mod Pathol 2022; 35:87-95. [PMID: 34645984 DOI: 10.1038/s41379-021-00940-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH) is a polyclonal tumour-like hepatic lesion characterised by parenchymal nodules, connective tissue septa without interlobular bile ducts, pronounced ductular reaction and inflammation. It may represent a response to local arterial hyperperfusion and hyperoxygenation resulting in oxidative stress. We aimed at obtaining closer insight into the pathogenesis of FNH with its characteristic morphologic features. Immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence microscopy was performed on FNH specimens using antibodies against keratins (K) 7 and 19, neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM), lamin B1, senescence markers (CDK inhibitor 1/p21Cip1, CDK inhibitor /p16Ink4a, senescence-associated (SA) β- galactosidase activity), proliferation markers (Ki-67, proliferating-cell nuclear antigen (PCNA)), and the abnormally phosphorylated histone γ-H2AX, indicating DNA double strand breaks; moreover SA β- galactosidase activity was determined histochemically. Ductular metaplasia of hepatocytes indicated by K7 expression in the absence of K19 plays a major role in the development of ductular reaction in FNH. Moreover, the expression of senescence markers (p21Cip1, p16Ink4a, γ-H2AX, SA β-galactosidase activity) in hepatocytes and cholangiocytes suggests that stress-induced cellular senescence contributes to fibrosis and inflammation via production of components of the senescence-associated secretory phenotype. Expression of proliferation markers (Ki-67, PCNA) was not enhanced in hepatocytes and biliary cells. Senescence and ductular metaplasia of hepatocytes may thus be involved in inflammation, fibrosis and apoptosis resistance. Hence, fibrosis, inflammation and reduced apoptotic cell death, rather than proliferation (hyperplasia) may be responsible for increased tissue mass and tumour-like appearance of FNH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helmut Denk
- Diagnostic & Research Centre of Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
| | - Daniela Pabst
- Diagnostic & Research Centre of Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Peter M Abuja
- Diagnostic & Research Centre of Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Robert Reihs
- Diagnostic & Research Centre of Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Brigitte Tessaro
- Diagnostic & Research Centre of Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Kurt Zatloukal
- Diagnostic & Research Centre of Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Carolin Lackner
- Diagnostic & Research Centre of Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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19
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Kondo T, Macdonald S, Engelmann C, Habtesion A, Macnaughtan J, Mehta G, Mookerjee RP, Davies N, Pavesi M, Moreau R, Angeli P, Arroyo V, Andreola F, Jalan R. The role of RIPK1 mediated cell death in acute on chronic liver failure. Cell Death Dis 2021; 13:5. [PMID: 34921136 PMCID: PMC8683430 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-04442-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) is characterized predominantly by non-apoptotic forms of hepatocyte cell death. Necroptosis is a form of programmed lytic cell death in which receptor interacting protein kinase (RIPK) 1, RIPK3 and phosphorylated mixed lineage kinase domain-like (pMLKL) are key components. This study was performed to determine the role of RIPK1 mediated cell death in ACLF. RIPK3 plasma levels and hepatic expression of RIPK1, RIPK3, and pMLKL were measured in healthy volunteers, stable patients with cirrhosis, and in hospitalized cirrhotic patients with acutely decompensated cirrhosis, with and without ACLF (AD). The role of necroptosis in ACLF was studied in two animal models of ACLF using inhibitors of RIPK1, necrostatin-1 (NEC-1) and SML2100 (RIPA56). Plasma RIPK3 levels predicted the risk of 28- and 90-day mortality (AUROC, 0.653 (95%CI 0.530–0.776), 0.696 (95%CI 0.593–0.799)] and also the progression of patients from no ACLF to ACLF [0.744 (95%CI 0.593–0.895)] and the results were validated in a 2nd patient cohort. This pattern was replicated in a rodent model of ACLF that was induced by administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to bile-duct ligated rats and carbon tetrachloride-induced fibrosis mice administered galactosamine (CCL4/GalN). Suppression of caspase-8 activity in ACLF rodent model was observed suggesting a switch from caspase-dependent cell death to necroptosis. NEC-1 treatment prior to administration of LPS significantly reduced the severity of ACLF manifested by reduced liver, kidney, and brain injury mirrored by reduced hepatic and renal cell death. Similar hepato-protective effects were observed with RIPA56 in a murine model of ACLF induced by CCL4/GalN. These data demonstrate for the first time the importance of RIPK1 mediated cell death in human and rodent ACLF. Inhibition of RIPK1 is a potential novel therapeutic approach to prevent progression of susceptible patients from no ACLF to ACLF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Kondo
- Liver Failure Group, Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, University College London, London, UK.,Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Stewart Macdonald
- Liver Failure Group, Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Cornelius Engelmann
- Liver Failure Group, Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, University College London, London, UK.,Section Hepatology, Clinic for Gastroenterology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Campus Virchow-Klinikum and Charité Campus Mitte, Charité - Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Abeba Habtesion
- Liver Failure Group, Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Jane Macnaughtan
- Liver Failure Group, Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Gautam Mehta
- Liver Failure Group, Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Rajeshwar P Mookerjee
- Liver Failure Group, Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Nathan Davies
- Liver Failure Group, Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Marco Pavesi
- European Foundation of the study of Chronic Liver Failure (EF-CLIF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Richard Moreau
- European Foundation of the study of Chronic Liver Failure (EF-CLIF), Barcelona, Spain.,Inserm, U1149, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation (CRI), Clichy, Paris, France.,UMRS1149, Université de Paris, Paris, France.,Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Service d'Hépatologie, Hôpital Beaujon, Clichy, France
| | - Paolo Angeli
- European Foundation of the study of Chronic Liver Failure (EF-CLIF), Barcelona, Spain.,Unit of Internal Medicine and Hepatology (UIMH), Department of Medicine - DIMED University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Vicente Arroyo
- European Foundation of the study of Chronic Liver Failure (EF-CLIF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fausto Andreola
- Liver Failure Group, Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Rajiv Jalan
- Liver Failure Group, Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, University College London, London, UK.
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20
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Priming, Triggering, Adaptation and Senescence (PTAS): A Hypothesis for a Common Damage Mechanism of Steatohepatitis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212545. [PMID: 34830427 PMCID: PMC8624051 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the pathomechanism of steatohepatitis (SH) is hampered by the difficulty of distinguishing between causes and consequences, by the broad spectrum of aetiologies that can produce the phenotype, and by the long time-span during which SH develops, often without clinical symptoms. We propose that SH develops in four phases with transitions: (i) priming lowers stress defence; (ii) triggering leads to acute damage; (iii) adaptation, possibly associated with cellular senescence, mitigates tissue damage, leads to the phenotype, and preserves liver function at a lower level; (iv) finally, senescence prevents neoplastic transformation but favours fibrosis (cirrhosis) and inflammation and further reduction in liver function. Escape from senescence eventually leads to hepatocellular carcinoma. This hypothesis for a pathomechanism of SH is supported by clinical and experimental observations. It allows organizing the various findings to uncover remaining gaps in our knowledge and, finally, to provide possible diagnostic and intervention strategies for each stage of SH development.
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21
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Park S, Chung MJ, Son JY, Yun HH, Park JM, Yim JH, Jung SJ, Lee SH, Jeong KS. The role of Sirtuin 2 in sustaining functional integrity of the liver. Life Sci 2021; 285:119997. [PMID: 34597608 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
AIM Sirtuin 2 (SIRT2) is a NAD+-dependent deacetylase involved in various biological functions via deacetylation of proteins, including histone protein. Hepatic fat accumulation from aging and excess caloric intake contribute to development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. The study aim was to elucidate the role of SIRT2 in lipid metabolism homeostasis. MATERIALS AND METHODS SIRT2+/+ (C57BL/6) and SIRT2-/- were randomly assigned to normal diet or high-fat diet (HFD) groups and fed for 6 weeks. Histological features of the livers were evaluated by hematoxylin and eosin and Masson's trichrome staining, and the levels of selected factors were determined by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis. KEY FINDINGS Although the SIRT2-/- mice were viable, their livers exhibited higher glycogen accumulation, and skeletal muscle showed features of increased metabolic demand. The SIRT2-/- mice attenuated HFD-induced weight gain, visceral adipose tissue formation, and fat accumulation in the liver in which the expressions of genes involved in metabolic substrate transport were modified. Additionally, the hepatocellular senescence and upregulated cell-cycle factors upon HFD intake in SIRT2-/- livers suggested a role of SIRT2 in gene expression during abnormal metabolism. Moreover, the fibrotic phenotype of liver tissue without fat accumulation and the increased expression of genes involved in liver fibrosis in the HFD-fed SIRT2-/- mice indicated that SIRT2 had a role in hepatocyte and hepatic stellate cell activation. SIGNIFICANCE Our results indicated that SIRT2 has a critical role in regulating lipid metabolic homeostasis and in sustaining liver integrity by modulating related gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- SunYoung Park
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea; Stem Cell Therapeutic Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung-Jin Chung
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Yoon Son
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Ho Yun
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Min Park
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hyuk Yim
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Jun Jung
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Han Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu-Shik Jeong
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea; Stem Cell Therapeutic Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea.
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22
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Liang R, Lin YH, Zhu H. Genetic and Cellular Contributions to Liver Regeneration. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2021; 14:a040832. [PMID: 34750173 PMCID: PMC9438780 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a040832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The regenerative capabilities of the liver represent a paradigm for understanding tissue repair in solid organs. Regeneration after partial hepatectomy in rodent models is well understood, while regeneration in the context of clinically relevant chronic injuries is less studied. Given the growing incidence of fatty liver disease, cirrhosis, and liver cancer, interest in liver regeneration is increasing. Here, we will review the principles, genetics, and cell biology underlying liver regeneration, as well as new approaches being used to study heterogeneity in liver tissue maintenance and repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger Liang
- Children's Research Institute, Departments of Pediatrics and Internal Medicine, Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Yu-Hsuan Lin
- Children's Research Institute, Departments of Pediatrics and Internal Medicine, Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Hao Zhu
- Children's Research Institute, Departments of Pediatrics and Internal Medicine, Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
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23
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Udomsinprasert W, Sobhonslidsuk A, Jittikoon J, Honsawek S, Chaikledkaew U. Cellular senescence in liver fibrosis: Implications for age-related chronic liver diseases. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2021; 25:799-813. [PMID: 34632912 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2021.1992385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION New insights indicate a causative link between cellular senescence and liver fibrosis. Senescent hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) facilitate fibrosis resolution, while senescence in hepatocytes and cholangiocytes acts as a potent mechanism driving liver fibrogenesis. In many clinical studies, telomeres and mitochondrial DNA contents, which are both aging biomarkers, were reportedly associated with a degree of liver fibrosis in patients with chronic liver diseases (CLDs); this highlights their potential as biomarkers for liver fibrogenesis. A deeper understanding of mechanisms underlying multi-step progression of senescence may yield new therapeutic strategies for age-related chronic liver pathologies. AREAS COVERED This review examines the recent findings from preclinical and clinical studies on mechanisms of senescence in liver fibrogenesis and its involvement in liver fibrosis. A comprehensive literature search in electronic databases consisting of PubMed and Scopus from inception to 31 August 2021 was performed. EXPERT OPINION Cellular senescence has diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic potential in progressive liver complications, especially liver fibrosis. Stimulating or reinforcing the immune response against senescent cells may be a promising and forthright biotherapeutic strategy. This approach will need a deeper understanding of the immune system's ability to eliminate senescent cells and the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying this process.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Abhasnee Sobhonslidsuk
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Jiraphun Jittikoon
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sittisak Honsawek
- Department of Biochemistry, Osteoarthritis and Musculoskeleton Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Usa Chaikledkaew
- Social and Administrative Pharmacy Division, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Mahidol University Health Technology Assessment (MUHTA) Graduate Program, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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24
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Nutrition and cellular senescence in obesity-related disorders. J Nutr Biochem 2021; 99:108861. [PMID: 34517097 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2021.108861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Adequate nutrition is vital for immune homeostasis. However, the incidence of obesity is increasing worldwide due to the adoption of the Western diet and a sedentary lifestyle. Obesity is associated with chronic inflammation which alters the function of adipose tissue, liver, pancreas, and the nervous system. Inflammation is related to cellular senescence, distinguished by irreversible cell cycle arrest. Senescent cells secrete the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) which contains pro-inflammatory factors. Targeting processes in senescence might have a salutary approach to obesity. The present review highlights the impact of an unhealthy diet on tissues affected by obesity, and the mechanisms that promote the consequent inflammation and senescence.
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25
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Onset of Senescence and Steatosis in Hepatocytes as a Consequence of a Shift in the Diacylglycerol/Ceramide Balance at the Plasma Membrane. Cells 2021; 10:cells10061278. [PMID: 34064003 PMCID: PMC8224046 DOI: 10.3390/cells10061278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ceramide and diacylglycerol (DAG) are bioactive lipids and mediate many cellular signaling pathways. Sphingomyelin synthase (SMS) is the single metabolic link between the two, while SMS2 is the only SMS form located at the plasma membrane. SMS2 functions were investigated in HepG2 cell lines stably expressing SMS2. SMS2 overexpression did not alter sphingomyelin (SM), phosphatidylcholine (PC), or ceramide levels. DAG content increased by approx. 40% and led to downregulation of DAG-dependent protein kinase C (PKC). SMS2 overexpression also induced senescence, characterized by positivity for β-galactosidase activity and heterochromatin foci. HepG2-SMS2 cells exhibited protruded mitochondria and suppressed mitochondrial respiration rates. ATP production and the abundance of Complex V were substantially lower in HepG2-SMS2 cells as compared to controls. SMS2 overexpression was associated with inflammasome activation based on increases in IL-1β and nlpr3 mRNA levels. HepG2-SMS2 cells exhibited lipid droplet accumulation, constitutive activation of AMPK based on elevated 172Thr phosphorylation, increased AMPK abundance, and insensitivity to insulin suppression of AMPK. Thus, our results show that SMS2 regulates DAG homeostasis and signaling in hepatocytes and also provide proof of principle for the concept that offset in bioactive lipids’ production at the plasma membrane can drive the senescence program in association with steatosis and, seemingly, by cell-autonomous mechanisms.
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26
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Cazzagon N, Sarcognato S, Floreani A, Corrà G, De Martin S, Guzzardo V, Russo FP, Guido M. Cholangiocyte senescence in primary sclerosing cholangitis is associated with disease severity and prognosis. JHEP Rep 2021; 3:100286. [PMID: 34041468 PMCID: PMC8141934 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhepr.2021.100286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background & Aims Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a rare cholangiopathy of unknown aetiopathogenesis. The aim of this study was to evaluate cellular senescence (CS) marker expression in cholangiocytes of patients with PSC and their correlation with clinical–pathological features and prognosis. Methods Thirty-five patients with PSC with at least 1 available liver sampling were included. Clinical laboratory data at the time of liver sampling were collected. The endpoints were survival without liver transplantation (LT), time to LT, and survival without LT or cirrhosis decompensation. Histological grading and staging were assessed according to Nakanuma. Immunohistochemical stains for CS markers, p16INK4A (p16) and p21WAF1/Cip1 (p21), were performed and scored by a 3-tier scale based on positivity extent in native bile duct (NBD) and ductular reaction (DR). Results: p16 expression in NBD and DR was directly correlated with fibrosis (p ≤0.001 for both) and stage (p = 0.006 and p <0.001, respectively). Moreover, p16 in NBD was positively correlated with hepatitis activity (HA) (p = 0.026), whereas p16 in DR was directly correlated with bile duct loss (BDL) (p = 0.005) and metaplastic hepatocytes (MH) (p <0.01). p21 expression in NBD and DR was directly correlated with HA (p = 0.004 and p = 0.043, respectively), fibrosis (p = 0.006 and p <0.001, respectively), stage (p = 0.006 and p = 0.001, respectively), BDL (p = 0.002 and p = 0.03, respectively), and DR and MH (p ≤0.004 for all). By multivariate analysis, p16 expression in DR was independently associated with stage (p = 0.001), fibrosis (p = 0.001), and BDL (p = 0.011). p21 expression in NBD was independently associated with HA (p = 0.012), BDL (p = 0.04), and DR (p = 0.014). Finally, p21 expression in DR was independently associated with LT-free survival, time to LT, and adverse outcome-free survival (p = 0.001, p = 0.017, and p = 0.001, respectively). Conclusions Cholangiocyte senescence is detectable in all stages of PSC and is associated with histological and clinical disease severity, potentially representing a new prognostic and therapeutic target. Lay summary In this study, we showed that cholangiocyte senescence (CS), previously demonstrated in liver of patients with end-stage primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), is an early event and is detectable in all disease stages. Moreover, we observed that CS is associated with histological and clinical disease severity and patients’ outcome. Thus, we suggest that CS may represent a new prognostic tool and a potential therapeutic target in PSC. Clinical trial number Protocol number 0034435, 08/06/2020. Cholangiocyte senescence was previously described in end-stage PSC. Cholangiocyte senescence is present in all stages of PSC and may represent an early pathogenic event. Cholangiocyte senescence is associated with histological and clinical severity in patients with PSC. Cholangiocyte senescence is independently associated with patients’ outcome in PSC.
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Key Words
- AIH, autoimmune hepatitis
- ALP, alkaline phosphatase
- ALT, alanine transaminase
- BDL, bile duct loss
- CA, cholangitis activity
- CCA, cholangiocarcinoma
- CK7, cytokeratin 7
- CS, cellular senescence
- DR, ductular reaction
- Fibrosing cholangiopathy
- GBCA, gallbladder carcinoma
- HA, hepatitis activity
- HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma
- HR, hazard ratio
- IBD, inflammatory bowel disease
- IHC, immunohistochemical
- INR, international normalized ratio
- LT, liver transplantation
- MH, metaplastic hepatocytes
- NBD, native bile duct
- OR, odds ratio
- PBC, primary biliary cholangitis
- PSC
- PSC, primary sclerosing cholangitis
- PT, portal tract
- Prognosis
- SASP, senescence-associated secretory phenotype
- SMA, smooth muscle actin
- Senescent cholangiocytes
- TGFβ, transforming growth factor beta
- UDCA, ursodeoxycholic acid
- p16
- p16, p16INK4A
- p21
- p21, p21WAF1/Cip1
- γGT, γ-glutamyltranspeptidase
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora Cazzagon
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
- Corresponding authors. Address: Dipartimento di Scienze Chirurgiche, Oncologiche e Gastroenterologiche, Via N. Giustiniani 2, 35128 Padua, Italy. Tel.: +39-049-8212894.
| | - Samantha Sarcognato
- Department of Medicine – DIMED, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
- Department of Pathology, Azienda ULSS2 Marca Trevigiana, Treviso, Italy
| | | | - Giorgia Corrà
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Sara De Martin
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | | | - Francesco Paolo Russo
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
- Corresponding authors. Address: Dipartimento di Scienze Chirurgiche, Oncologiche e Gastroenterologiche, Via N. Giustiniani 2, 35128 Padua, Italy. Tel.: +39-049-8212894.
| | - Maria Guido
- Department of Medicine – DIMED, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
- Department of Pathology, Azienda ULSS2 Marca Trevigiana, Treviso, Italy
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27
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Ferreira-Gonzalez S, Rodrigo-Torres D, Gadd VL, Forbes SJ. Cellular Senescence in Liver Disease and Regeneration. Semin Liver Dis 2021; 41:50-66. [PMID: 33764485 DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1722262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Cellular senescence is an irreversible cell cycle arrest implemented by the cell as a result of stressful insults. Characterized by phenotypic alterations, including secretome changes and genomic instability, senescence is capable of exerting both detrimental and beneficial processes. Accumulating evidence has shown that cellular senescence plays a relevant role in the occurrence and development of liver disease, as a mechanism to contain damage and promote regeneration, but also characterizing the onset and correlating with the extent of damage. The evidence of senescent mechanisms acting on the cell populations of the liver will be described including the role of markers to detect cellular senescence. Overall, this review intends to summarize the role of senescence in liver homeostasis, injury, disease, and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel Rodrigo-Torres
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Victoria L Gadd
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Stuart J Forbes
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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28
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Ow JR, Cadez MJ, Zafer G, Foo JC, Li HY, Ghosh S, Wollmann H, Cazenave-Gassiot A, Ong CB, Wenk MR, Han W, Choi H, Kaldis P. Remodeling of whole-body lipid metabolism and a diabetic-like phenotype caused by loss of CDK1 and hepatocyte division. eLife 2020; 9:63835. [PMID: 33345777 PMCID: PMC7771968 DOI: 10.7554/elife.63835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell cycle progression and lipid metabolism are well-coordinated processes required for proper cell proliferation. In liver diseases that arise from dysregulated lipid metabolism, hepatocyte proliferation is diminished. To study the outcome of CDK1 loss and blocked hepatocyte proliferation on lipid metabolism and the consequent impact on whole-body physiology, we performed lipidomics, metabolomics, and RNA-seq analyses on a mouse model. We observed reduced triacylglycerides in liver of young mice, caused by oxidative stress that activated FOXO1 to promote the expression of Pnpla2/ATGL. Additionally, we discovered that hepatocytes displayed malfunctioning β-oxidation, reflected by increased acylcarnitines (ACs) and reduced β-hydroxybutyrate. This led to elevated plasma free fatty acids (FFAs), which were transported to the adipose tissue for storage and triggered greater insulin secretion. Upon aging, chronic hyperinsulinemia resulted in insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis through activation of LXR. Here, we demonstrate that loss of hepatocyte proliferation is not only an outcome but also possibly a causative factor for liver pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Rong Ow
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Matias J Cadez
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Gözde Zafer
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Juat Chin Foo
- Singapore Lipidomics Incubator (SLING), Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hong Yu Li
- Laboratory of Metabolic Medicine, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium (SBIC), A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Soumita Ghosh
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Heike Wollmann
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Amaury Cazenave-Gassiot
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore, Singapore.,Singapore Lipidomics Incubator (SLING), Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chee Bing Ong
- Biological Resource Centre (BRC), A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Markus R Wenk
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore, Singapore.,Singapore Lipidomics Incubator (SLING), Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Weiping Han
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore, Singapore.,Laboratory of Metabolic Medicine, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium (SBIC), A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hyungwon Choi
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Philipp Kaldis
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Clinical Research Centre (CRC), Malmö, Sweden
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29
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Qi R, Jiang R, Xiao H, Wang Z, He S, Wang L, Wang Y. Ginsenoside Rg1 protects against d-galactose induced fatty liver disease in a mouse model via FOXO1 transcriptional factor. Life Sci 2020; 254:117776. [PMID: 32437790 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Rg1 is the most active component of traditional Chinese medicine ginseng, having anti-aging and anti-oxidative stress features in multiple organs. Cellular senescence of hepatocytes is involved in the progression of a wide spectrum of chronic liver diseases. In this study, we investigated the potential benefits and mechanism of action of Rg1 on aging-driven chronic liver diseases. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 40 male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into four groups: control group; Rg1 group; Rg1+d-gal group; and d-gal group. Blood and liver tissue samples were collected for determination of liver function, biochemical and molecular markers, as well as histopathological investigation. KEY FINDINGS Rg1 played an anti-aging role in reversing d-galactose induced increase in senescence-associated SA-β-gal staining and p53, p21 protein in hepatocytes of mice and sustained mitochondria homeostasis. Meanwhile, Rg1 protected livers from d-galactose caused abnormal elevation of ALT and AST in serum, hepatic steatosis, reduction in hepatic glucose production, hydrogenic degeneration, inflammatory phenomena including senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) IL-1β, IL-6, MCP-1 elevation and lymphocyte infiltration. Furthermore, Rg1 suppressed drastic elevation in FOXO1 phosphorylation resulting in maintaining FOXO1 protein level in the liver after d-galactose treatment, followed by FOXO1 targeted antioxidase SOD and CAT significant up-regulation concurrent with marked decrease in lipid peroxidation marker MDA. SIGNIFICANCE Rg1 exerts pharmaceutic effects of maintaining FOXO1 activity in liver, which enhances anti-oxidation potential of Rg1 to ameliorate SASP and to inhibit inflammation, also promotes metabolic homeostasis, and thus protects livers from senescence induced fatty liver disease. The study provides a potential therapeutic strategy for alleviating chronic liver pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongjia Qi
- Lab of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Rong Jiang
- Lab of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Hanxianzhi Xiao
- Lab of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Ziling Wang
- Lab of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Siyuan He
- Lab of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Lab of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Yaping Wang
- Lab of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
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30
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Mela M, Smeeton W, Davies SE, Miranda E, Scarpini C, Coleman N, Alexander GJM. The Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Polymer Load Correlates With Hepatocyte Senescence, Fibrosis Stage and Liver-Related Mortality. CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASES-JOURNAL OF THE COPD FOUNDATION 2020; 7:151-162. [PMID: 32726073 DOI: 10.15326/jcopdf.7.3.2019.0158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) is an important, inherited cause of chronic liver disease. Marked variation in fibrosis stages in patients with homozygous deficiency and those factors that determine whether heterozygous carriers develop liver fibrosis, remain unexplained. Murine studies implicate polymerized alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT) within hepatocytes as pathogenic. Aims and Methods The relationship between the quantity of polymerized AAT within hepatocytes (polymer load), stage of hepatic fibrosis and liver-related clinical outcomes (death, evolution to hepatocellular carcinoma, or need for liver transplantation) were investigated using liver tissue from 92 patients at first presentation with either homozygous or heterozygous AATD. Further tissue-based studies were undertaken to determine if polymerized AAT was associated with failure of cell cycle progression, accelerated aging or hepatocyte senescence by immunohistochemical analysis. Results The AAT polymer load correlated closely with hepatic fibrosis stage and long-term clinical outcome, independent of homozygous or heterozygous status. AAT polymers within hepatocytes correlated closely with failure of cell cycle progression assessed using cell cycle phase markers, accelerated aging manifest as shortened telomeres and other markers consistent with hepatocyte senescence manifest as the presence of nuclear p21 expression and enlarged nuclei. The proportion of p21 positive hepatocytes or hepatocytes with enlarged nuclei correlated with hepatic fibrosis stage and the long-term clinical outcome. Conclusion These data suggest that accumulation of AAT polymers within hepatocytes drives senescence. Quantitation of both the AAT polymer load or hepatocyte senescence markers correlated with hepatic fibrosis stage and the long-term clinical outcome. Either or both could be considered markers of disease severity and treatment response in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Mela
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Department of Medicine, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Wendy Smeeton
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Department of Medicine, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Susan E Davies
- Department of Histopathology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Elena Miranda
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies, Charles Darwin and Pasteur Institute Cenci-Bolognetti Foundation, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Cinzia Scarpini
- Department of Pathology, Cambridge University, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Nick Coleman
- Department of Pathology, Cambridge University, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Graeme J M Alexander
- UCL Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, Royal Free Hospital, London, United Kingdom
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31
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Casella G, Munk R, Kim KM, Piao Y, De S, Abdelmohsen K, Gorospe M. Transcriptome signature of cellular senescence. Nucleic Acids Res 2019; 47:7294-7305. [PMID: 31251810 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkz555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 06/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence, an integral component of aging and cancer, arises in response to diverse triggers, including telomere attrition, macromolecular damage and signaling from activated oncogenes. At present, senescent cells are identified by the combined presence of multiple traits, such as senescence-associated protein expression and secretion, DNA damage and β-galactosidase activity; unfortunately, these traits are neither exclusively nor universally present in senescent cells. To identify robust shared markers of senescence, we have performed RNA-sequencing analysis across eight diverse models of senescence triggered in human diploid fibroblasts (WI-38, IMR-90) and endothelial cells (HUVEC, HAEC) by replicative exhaustion, exposure to ionizing radiation or doxorubicin, and expression of the oncogene HRASG12V. The intersection of the altered transcriptomes revealed 50 RNAs consistently elevated and 18 RNAs consistently reduced across all senescence models, including many protein-coding mRNAs and some non-coding RNAs. We propose that these shared transcriptome profiles will enable the identification of senescent cells in vivo, the investigation of their roles in aging and malignancy and the development of strategies to target senescent cells therapeutically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Casella
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Biomedical Research Center, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA
| | - Rachel Munk
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Biomedical Research Center, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA
| | - Kyoung Mi Kim
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Biomedical Research Center, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA
| | - Yulan Piao
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Biomedical Research Center, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA
| | - Supriyo De
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Biomedical Research Center, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA
| | - Kotb Abdelmohsen
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Biomedical Research Center, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA
| | - Myriam Gorospe
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Biomedical Research Center, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA
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Casella G, Tsitsipatis D, Abdelmohsen K, Gorospe M. mRNA methylation in cell senescence. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. RNA 2019; 10:e1547. [PMID: 31144457 PMCID: PMC8474013 DOI: 10.1002/wrna.1547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Cellular senescence, a developmental program central to normal aging and aging pathologies, is robustly regulated at the post-transcriptional level. This regulation involves the interaction of RNA-binding proteins and noncoding RNAs with senescence-associated messenger RNAs (mRNAs). There is increasing evidence that these associations are modulated by chemical modifications of specific mRNA nucleotides which can enhance or reduce the binding of regulatory factors. Recent technological advances in mass spectrometry, next-generation sequencing, and genome mapping have improved markedly the detection of mRNA modifications. Given the rising interest in the epitranscriptomic control of gene expression in aging, we discuss our incipient understanding of the chemical mRNA modifications, specifically m6 A and m5 C, that influence cellular senescence. This article is categorized under: RNA Export and Localization > RNA Localization RNA Processing > RNA Editing and Modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Casella
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Dimitrios Tsitsipatis
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Kotb Abdelmohsen
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Myriam Gorospe
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland
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Jiang D, de Vries JC, Muschhammer J, Schatz S, Ye H, Hein T, Fidan M, Romanov VS, Rinkevich Y, Scharffetter-Kochanek K. Local and transient inhibition of p21 expression ameliorates age-related delayed wound healing. Wound Repair Regen 2019; 28:49-60. [PMID: 31571377 DOI: 10.1111/wrr.12763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Nonhealing chronic wounds in the constantly growing elderly population represent a major public health problem with high socioeconomic burden. Yet, the underlying mechanism of age-related impairment of wound healing remains elusive. Here, we show that the number of dermal cells expressing cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21 was elevated upon skin injury, particularly in aged population, in both man and mouse. The nuclear expression of p21 in activated wound fibroblasts delayed the onset of the proliferation phase of wound healing in a p53-independent manner. Further, the local and transient inhibition of p21 expression by in vivo delivered p21-targeting siRNA ameliorated the delayed wound healing in aged mice. Our results suggest that the increased number of p21+ wound fibroblasts enforces the age-related compromised healing, and targeting p21 creates potential clinical avenues to promote wound healing in aged population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongsheng Jiang
- Department of Dermatology and Allergic Diseases, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany.,Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | - Juliane C de Vries
- Department of Dermatology and Allergic Diseases, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Jana Muschhammer
- Department of Dermatology and Allergic Diseases, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Susanne Schatz
- Department of Dermatology and Allergic Diseases, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Haifeng Ye
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | - Tabea Hein
- Department of Dermatology and Allergic Diseases, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Miray Fidan
- Department of Dermatology and Allergic Diseases, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Vasily S Romanov
- Leibniz Institute on Aging, Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Jena, Germany
| | - Yuval Rinkevich
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
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Zang J, Ye J, Zhang C, Sha M, Gao J. Senescent hepatocytes enhance natural killer cell activity via the CXCL-10/CXCR3 axis. Exp Ther Med 2019; 18:3845-3852. [PMID: 31616512 PMCID: PMC6781833 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.8037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence and natural killer (NK) cells play an important role in liver diseases. Chemokines, a component of the senescence-associated secretory phenotype, can recruit NK cells and are involved in the development of various liver diseases. The effect of the C-X-C motif chemokine ligand (CXCL)-9, −10, −11/C-X-C motif chemokine receptor (CXCR)3 axis in senescent hepatocytes remains unknown. The chemokines secreted by senescent hepatocytes, the contribution of the CXCL-9, −10, −11/CXCR3 axis to the migration of NK cells, and the effect of senescent hepatocytes on the function of NK cells were investigated in the present study. The results demonstrated significantly increased levels of C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 and CXCL-1, −2 and −10 in the supernatant of senescent AML12 cells. Despite increased mRNA expression of CXCL-9, −10, and −11 in these cells, western blotting revealed significantly enhanced expression of only CXCL-10. The expression of CXCR3 on the surface of NK cells stimulated by senescent AML12 cells was upregulated (fold change, >3). Following incubation with the supernatant of senescent hepatocytes, both CD107a and interferon γ expression in NK cells increased by >2.5-fold. The cytotoxic effect of NK cells was notably higher stimulated by senescent AML12 cells. Chemotaxis and blocking assays demonstrated that the senescent hepatocytes enhanced the migration of NK cells via the CXCL-10/CXCR3 axis. The present study suggests that senescent hepatocytes secrete various chemokines, including CXCL-10, resulting in the upregulation and activation of CXCR3 in NK cells and the enhancement of NK cell migration via the CXCL-10/CXCR3 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinfeng Zang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Taizhou People's Hospital, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University Medical School, Taizhou, Jiangsu 225300, P.R. China
| | - Jun Ye
- Central Laboratory, Taizhou People's Hospital, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University Medical School, Taizhou, Jiangsu 225300, P.R. China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Taizhou People's Hospital, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University Medical School, Taizhou, Jiangsu 225300, P.R. China
| | - Min Sha
- Central Laboratory, Taizhou People's Hospital, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University Medical School, Taizhou, Jiangsu 225300, P.R. China
| | - Junye Gao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Taizhou People's Hospital, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University Medical School, Taizhou, Jiangsu 225300, P.R. China
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35
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The role of telomeres and telomerase in cirrhosis and liver cancer. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2019; 16:544-558. [PMID: 31253940 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-019-0165-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 275] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Telomerase is a key enzyme for cell survival that prevents telomere shortening and the subsequent cellular senescence that is observed after many rounds of cell division. In contrast, inactivation of telomerase is observed in most cells of the adult liver. Absence of telomerase activity and shortening of telomeres has been implicated in hepatocyte senescence and the development of cirrhosis, a chronic liver disease that can lead to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development. During hepatocarcinogenesis, telomerase reactivation is required to enable the uncontrolled cell proliferation that leads to malignant transformation and HCC development. Part of the telomerase complex, telomerase reverse transcriptase, is encoded by TERT, and several mechanisms of telomerase reactivation have been described in HCC that include somatic TERT promoter mutations, TERT amplification, TERT translocation and viral insertion into the TERT gene. An understanding of the role of telomeres and telomerase in HCC development is important to develop future targeted therapies and improve survival of this disease. In this Review, the roles of telomeres and telomerase in liver carcinogenesis are discussed, in addition to their potential translation to clinical practice as biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
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Hunt NJ, Kang SWS, Lockwood GP, Le Couteur DG, Cogger VC. Hallmarks of Aging in the Liver. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2019; 17:1151-1161. [PMID: 31462971 PMCID: PMC6709368 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2019.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
While the liver demonstrates remarkable resilience during aging, there is growing evidence that it undergoes all the cellular hallmarks of aging, which increases the risk of liver and systemic disease. The aging process in the liver is driven by alterations of the genome and epigenome that contribute to dysregulation of mitochondrial function and nutrient sensing pathways, leading to cellular senescence and low-grade inflammation. These changes promote multiple phenotypic changes in all liver cells (hepatocytes, liver sinusoidal endothelial, hepatic stellate and Küpffer cells) and impairment of hepatic function. In particular, age-related changes in the liver sinusoidal endothelial cells are a significant but under-recognized risk factor for the development of age-related cardiometabolic disease. Liver aging is driven by transcription and metabolic epigenome alterations. This leads to cellular senescence and low-grade inflammation. Hepatocyte, sinusoidal endothelial, stellate and Küpffer cells undergoes the hallmarks of aging. Each cell type demonstrates phenotypical cellular changes with age.
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Key Words
- AMPK, 5′ adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase
- CR, caloric restriction
- Endothelial
- FOXO, forkhead box O
- Genetic
- HSC, hepatic stellate cell
- Hepatocyte
- IGF-1, insulin like growth factor 1
- IL-6, interleukin 6
- IL-8, interleukin 8
- KC, Küpffer cell
- LSEC, liver sinusoidal endothelial cell
- Mitochondrial dysfunction
- NAD, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
- NAFLD, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
- NO, nitric oxide
- Nutrient sensing pathways
- PDGF, platelet derived growth factor
- PGC-1α, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-α
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- SIRT1, sirtuin 1
- Senescence
- TNFα, tumor necrosis factor alpha
- VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor
- mTOR, mammalian target of rapamycin
- miR, microRNA
- αSMA, alpha smooth muscle actin
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J Hunt
- ANZAC Research Institute, Aging and Alzheimer's Institute, Centre for Education and Research on Ageing, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Concord, NSW, Australia.,The University of Sydney, Concord Clinical School, Sydney Medical School, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,The University of Sydney, Nutrition Ecology, Charles Perkins Centre, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Sun Woo Sophie Kang
- ANZAC Research Institute, Aging and Alzheimer's Institute, Centre for Education and Research on Ageing, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Concord, NSW, Australia.,The University of Sydney, Nutrition Ecology, Charles Perkins Centre, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Glen P Lockwood
- ANZAC Research Institute, Aging and Alzheimer's Institute, Centre for Education and Research on Ageing, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Concord, NSW, Australia.,The University of Sydney, Nutrition Ecology, Charles Perkins Centre, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - David G Le Couteur
- ANZAC Research Institute, Aging and Alzheimer's Institute, Centre for Education and Research on Ageing, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Concord, NSW, Australia.,The University of Sydney, Concord Clinical School, Sydney Medical School, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,The University of Sydney, Nutrition Ecology, Charles Perkins Centre, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Victoria C Cogger
- ANZAC Research Institute, Aging and Alzheimer's Institute, Centre for Education and Research on Ageing, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Concord, NSW, Australia.,The University of Sydney, Concord Clinical School, Sydney Medical School, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,The University of Sydney, Nutrition Ecology, Charles Perkins Centre, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Abstract
Previous studies have established a correlation between increasing chronological age and risk of cirrhosis. This pattern raised interest in the role of telomeres and the telomerase complex in the pathogenesis of liver fibrosis and cirrhosis. This review aims to summarize and analyze the current understanding of telomere regulation in hepatocytes and lymphocytes and how this ultimately relates to the development of liver fibrosis. Notably, in chronic viral hepatitis, telomere shortening in hepatocytes and lymphocytes occurs in such a way that may promote further viral replication while also leading to liver damage. However, while telomere shortening occurs in both hepatocytes and lymphocytes and ultimately results in cellular death, the mechanisms of telomere loss appear to be initiated by independent processes. The understanding of telomere maintenance on a hepatic and immune system level in both viral and non-viral etiologies of cirrhosis may open doors to novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbey Barnard
- Department of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ashley Moch
- Department of Surgery, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sammy Saab
- Department of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Abstract
Objective This review aimed to update the research and development of cellular senescence in the treatment of ovarian cancer. We discussed the current mechanisms of senescence and the major biomarkers of senescence, especially the methods of cellular senescence in the treatment of ovarian cancer. Materials and Methods We collected all relevant studies in PubMed from 1995 to 2017. The search terms included senescence and cancer, senescence and ovarian cancer, senescence-associated secretory phenotype, ovarian cancer and chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or biotherapy. PubMed search with the key words senescence and ovarian cancer lists approximately 85 publications. After excluding the duplicated articles, we selected 68 articles most relevant to senescence and ovarian cancer in this review. Results Cellular senescence plays a key role in various biological processes of ovarian cancer, which is closely related with the occurrence, development, and treatment of ovarian cancer. Cellular senescence on the one hand can reduce the dose of chemotherapy in ovarian cancer; on the other hand, it also can solve the problem of tumor resistance to apoptosis. Therefore, cellular senescence has been shown to be the third intracellular mechanism of ovarian cancer prevention followed by cellular DNA repair and apoptosis. Conclusions In the near future, cellular senescence therapy could be a powerful tool for ovarian cancer treatment.
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Senescent Hepatocytes in Decompensated Liver Show Reduced UPR MT and Its Key Player, CLPP, Attenuates Senescence In Vitro. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2019; 8:73-94. [PMID: 30878663 PMCID: PMC6520637 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2019.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Non-dividing hepatocytes in end-stage liver disease indicates permanent growth arrest similar to senescence. Identifying senescence in vivo is often challenging and mechanisms inhibiting senescence are poorly understood. In lower organisms mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRMT) helps in increasing longevity; however, its role in senescence and liver disease is poorly understood. Aim of this study was to identify hepatocyte senescence and the role of UPRMT in cryptogenic cirrhosis. METHODS Doxorubicin was used to induce senescence in non-neoplastic hepatocytes (PH5CH8) and hepatoma cells (HepG2 and Huh7). Senescence-associated markers and unfolded protein response was evaluated by fluorescence microscopy, immunoblotting and gene expression. Explants/biopsies from normal, fibrosis, compensated and decompensated cirrhosis without any known etiology were examined for presence of senescence and UPRMT by immunohistochemistry and gene expression. RESULTS Accumulation of senescent hepatocytes in cryptogenic cirrhosis was associated with reduced proliferation, increased expression of γH2AX and p21, together with loss of LaminB1. Dysfunctional mitochondria and compromised UPRMT were key features of senescent hepatocytes both in vitro and also in decompensated cirrhosis. Intriguingly, compensated cirrhotic liver mounted strong UPRMT, with high levels of mitochondrial protease, CLPP. Overexpression of CLPP inhibited senescence in vitro, by reducing mitochondrial ROS and altering oxygen consumption. CONCLUSIONS Our results implicate a role of hepatocyte senescence in cryptogenic cirrhosis together with a crucial role of UPRMT in preventing hepatocyte senescence. A compromised UPRMT may shift the fate of cirrhotic liver toward decompensation by exaggerating hepatocyte senescence. Restoring CLPP levels at least in cell culture appears as a promising strategy in mitohormesis, thereby, preventing senescence and possibly improving hepatocyte function.
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40
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Chen X, Wang K, Cederbaum AI, Lu Y. Suppressed hepatocyte proliferation via a ROS-HNE-P21 pathway is associated with nicotine- and cotinine-enhanced alcoholic fatty liver in mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 512:119-124. [PMID: 30876690 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
CYP2A5 is a major enzyme responsible for nicotine and cotinine metabolism in mice. Nicotine and cotinine enhance alcoholic fatty liver in wild type (WT) mice but not in CYP2A5 knockout (KO) mice, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated during the CYP2A5-mediated metabolism contributes to the enhancing effect. In combination with ethanol, nicotine and cotinine increased lipid peroxidation end product 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE) in WT mice but not in KO mice. In ethanol-fed KO mice, only 5 and 10 genes were regulated by nicotine and cotinine, respectively. However, in ethanol-fed WT mice, 59 and 104 genes were regulated by nicotine and cotinine, respectively, and 7 genes were up-regulated by both nicotine and cotinine. Plin 2 and Cdkn1a are among the 7 genes. Plin2 encodes adipose differentiation-related protein (ADRP), a lipid droplet-associated protein, which was confirmed to be increased by nicotine and cotinine in WT mice but not in KO mice. Cdkn1a encodes P21 and elevated P21 in nuclei was also confirmed. HNE can increase P21 and P21 inhibit cell proliferation. Consistently, hepatocyte proliferation markers proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and Ki67 were decreased in WT mice but not in KO mice by nicotine/ethanol and cotinine/ethanol, respectively. These results suggest that inhibition of liver proliferation via a ROS-HNE-P21 pathway is involved in nicotine- and cotinine-enhanced alcoholic fatty liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Chen
- Department of Health Sciences, College of Public Health, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, 37614, USA
| | - Kesheng Wang
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, College of Public Health, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, 37614, USA
| | - Arthur I Cederbaum
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Yongke Lu
- Department of Health Sciences, College of Public Health, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, 37614, USA.
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41
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Kortum AJ, Cloup EA, Williams TL, Constantino-Casas F, Watson PJ. Hepatocyte expression and prognostic importance of senescence marker p21 in liver histopathology samples from dogs with chronic hepatitis. J Vet Intern Med 2018; 32:1629-1636. [PMID: 30133945 PMCID: PMC6189352 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.15238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Revised: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic hepatitis (CH) occurs commonly in dogs but is associated with a variable and largely unpredictable prognosis. p21, a cell-cycle inhibitor and marker of cellular senescence, is upregulated in human liver disease and is a better prognostic marker than histological or clinical scoring systems. OBJECTIVE To quantify hepatocyte p21 immunopositivity in histopathology samples from dogs with CH and determine its association with outcome. ANIMALS Twenty-six client-owned dogs with histologically confirmed CH, and 15 dogs with normal liver histology. METHODS Medical records and liver histopathology samples were retrospectively reviewed to identify cases of CH. Immunohistochemistry for p21 was performed on all samples and hepatocyte immunopositivity was visually quantified. Relationships between p21 and dog age and dog survival time were statistically evaluated. RESULTS Hepatocyte p21 immunopositivity in dogs with CH was high (median percentage of positive hepatocytes: 90%, range: 20%-98%) and exceeded 70% in 23/26 cases with no association with age. In control dogs, p21 immunopositivity was low (≤15% positive hepatocytes in 12/15 cases) and was positively correlated with age (rs = 0.63; P = .011). Dogs with p21 immunopositivity exceeding 91.8% (upper tercile) had significantly shorter survival compared to dogs with less than 88.9% immunopositivity (lowest tercile; 218 versus 874 days, P = .006). Increasing hepatocyte p21 immunopositivity was significantly negatively associated with survival time (HR 4.12; 95% CI 1.34-12.63; P = .013). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE Marked p21 immunopositivity in dogs with CH might be indicative of widespread hepatocellular senescence. A significant association with survival time also suggests a potential value for p21 quantification in determining prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andre J Kortum
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, The Queen's Veterinary School Hospital, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Emilie A Cloup
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, The Queen's Veterinary School Hospital, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Tim L Williams
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, The Queen's Veterinary School Hospital, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Fernendo Constantino-Casas
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, The Queen's Veterinary School Hospital, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Penny J Watson
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, The Queen's Veterinary School Hospital, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Wandrer F, Han B, Liebig S, Schlue J, Manns MP, Schulze-Osthoff K, Bantel H. Senescence mirrors the extent of liver fibrosis in chronic hepatitis C virus infection. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2018; 48:270-280. [PMID: 29863282 DOI: 10.1111/apt.14802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Revised: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic viral hepatitis is linked to fibrotic liver injury that can progress to liver cirrhosis with its associated complications. Recent evidence suggests a role of senescence in liver fibrosis, although the senescence regulators contributing to fibrosis progression remain unclear. AIM To investigate the role of senescence and different senescence markers for fibrosis progression in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. METHODS The expression of the cell cycle inhibitors p21, p27 and p16 as well as the senescence markers p-HP1γ and γ-H2AX was analysed in liver tissue with different fibrosis stages. Senescence-associated chitotriosidase activity was measured in sera of HCV patients (n = 61) and age-matched healthy individuals (n = 22). RESULTS We found a remarkable up-regulation of the cell cycle inhibitors and senescence markers in chronic HCV infection compared to healthy liver tissue. Liver tissue with relevant fibrosis stages (F2-3) or cirrhosis (F4) revealed a significant increase in senescent cells compared to livers with no or minimal fibrosis (F0-1). In cirrhotic livers, a significantly higher number of p-HP1γ, p21 and p27 positive cells was detected compared to liver tissue with F2-3 fibrosis. Importantly, we identified T-cells as the dominant cell type contributing to increased senescence during fibrosis progression. Compared to healthy individuals, serum chitotriosidase was significantly elevated and correlated with histological fibrosis stages and liver stiffness as assessed by transient elastography. CONCLUSIONS Senescence of hepatic T-cells is enhanced in chronic viral hepatitis and increases with fibrosis progression. Serological detection of senescence-associated chitotriosidase might allow for the non-invasive detection of relevant fibrosis stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Wandrer
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - B Han
- Leibniz Institute on Aging, Fritz Lipmann Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - S Liebig
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - J Schlue
- Department of Pathology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - M P Manns
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Hannover, Germany
| | - K Schulze-Osthoff
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Interfaculty Institute of Biochemistry, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - H Bantel
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Hannover, Germany
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Alison MR. The many ways to mend your liver: A critical appraisal. Int J Exp Pathol 2018; 99:106-112. [PMID: 29882223 DOI: 10.1111/iep.12272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In the latter half of the 20th century, our understanding of mammalian liver regeneration was shaped by the manner of compensatory hyperplasia occurring after a partial rat liver resection. This response involves almost all hepatocytes and thus is unlikely to be the outcome of the multiple cycling of a small stem cell population. It was most intense in the outer third of lobule, the location closest to the afferent arterial blood supply. With the advent of heritable genetic labelling techniques, usually applied to mice, hitherto unrecognized hepatocytes with clonogenic potential have been discovered, contributing to homoeostatic renewal and/or regenerative responses after tissue loss. This review combines observations from cell lineage tracing studies with other data to summarize the Four proposed anatomical locations for hepatocyte stem cells: the periportal zone, the pericentral zone, a randomized distribution and finally within the intrahepatic biliary tree. As in other endodermal-derived tissues, it appears that there are both homoeostatic stem cells and regenerative stem cells, while some normally homoeostatic stem cells can become more active to boost regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malcolm R Alison
- Centre for Tumour Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK
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44
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Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a group of liver disorders encompassing simple hepatic steatosis and its more aggressive forms of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and cirrhosis. It is a rapidly growing health concern and the major cause for the increasing incidence of primary liver tumors. Unequivocal evidence shows that sphingolipid metabolism is altered in the course of the disease and these changes might contribute to NAFLD progression. Recent data provide solid support to the notion that deregulated ceramide and sphingosine-1-phosphate metabolism are present at all stages of NAFLD, i.e., steatosis, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, advanced fibrosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Insulin sensitivity, de novo lipogenesis, and the resulting lipotoxicity, fibrosis, and angiogenesis are all seemingly regulated in a manner that involves either ceramide and/or sphingosine-1-phosphate. Sphingolipids might also participate in the onset of hepatocellular senescence. The latter has been shown to contribute to the advancement of cirrhosis to HCC in the classical cases of end-stage liver disease, i.e., viral- or alcohol-induced; however, emerging evidence suggests that senescence is also involved in the pathogenicity of NAFLD possibly via changes in ceramide metabolism.
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Macdonald S, Andreola F, Bachtiger P, Amoros A, Pavesi M, Mookerjee R, Zheng YB, Gronbaek H, Gerbes AL, Sola E, Caraceni P, Moreau R, Gines P, Arroyo V, Jalan R. Cell death markers in patients with cirrhosis and acute decompensation. Hepatology 2018; 67:989-1002. [PMID: 29023872 DOI: 10.1002/hep.29581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2017] [Revised: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The aims of this study were to determine the role of cell death in patients with cirrhosis and acute decompensation (AD) and acute on chronic liver failure (ACLF) using plasma-based biomarkers. The patients studied were part of the CANONIC (CLIF Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure in Cirrhosis) study (N = 337; AD, 258; ACLF, 79); additional cohorts included healthy volunteers, stable patients with cirrhosis, and a group of 16 AD patients for histological studies. Caspase-cleaved keratin 18 (cK18) and keratin 18 (K18), which reflect apoptotic and total cell death, respectively, and cK18:K18 ratio (apoptotic index) were measured in plasma by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The concentrations of cK18 and K18 increased and the cK18:K18 ratio decreased with increasing severity of AD and ACLF (P < 0.001, respectively). Alcohol etiology, no previous decompensation, and alcohol abuse were associated with increased cell death markers whereas underlying infection was not. Close correlation was observed between the cell death markers and, markers of systemic inflammation, hepatic failure, alanine aminotransferase, and bilirubin, but not with markers of extrahepatic organ injury. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling staining confirmed evidence of greater hepatic cell death in patients with ACLF as opposed to AD. Inclusion of cK18 and K18 improved the performance of the CLIF-C AD score in prediction of progression from AD to ACLF (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Cell death, likely hepatic, is an important feature of AD and ACLF and its magnitude correlates with clinical severity. Nonapoptotic forms of cell death predominate with increasing severity of AD and ACLF. The data suggests that ACLF is a heterogeneous entity and shows that the importance of cell death in its pathophysiology is dependent on predisposing factors, precipitating illness, response to injury, and type of organ failure. (Hepatology 2018;67:989-1002).
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Affiliation(s)
- Stewart Macdonald
- Liver Failure Group, Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Fausto Andreola
- Liver Failure Group, Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Patrik Bachtiger
- Liver Failure Group, Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alex Amoros
- European Foundation for the study of Chronic Liver Failure (EF-CLIF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marco Pavesi
- European Foundation for the study of Chronic Liver Failure (EF-CLIF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rajeshwar Mookerjee
- Liver Failure Group, Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Yu Bao Zheng
- Liver Failure Group, Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Infectious Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Henning Gronbaek
- Department of Hepatology & Gastroenterology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Alexander L Gerbes
- Liver Center Munich, Department of Medicine II, University Hospital, LMU Munich
| | - Elsa Sola
- Liver Unit, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, University de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain, Centro d'Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEReHD), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Paolo Caraceni
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Richard Moreau
- Inserm, U1149, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation (CRI), Clichy and Paris, France; UMRS1149, Université Paris Diderot-Paris 7, Paris, France; Département Hospitalo-Universitaire (DHU) UNITY, Service d'Hépatologie, Hôpital Beaujon, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Clichy, France, Laboratoire d'Excellence Inflamex, PRES Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Pere Gines
- Liver Unit, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, University de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain, Centro d'Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEReHD), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Vicente Arroyo
- European Foundation for the study of Chronic Liver Failure (EF-CLIF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rajiv Jalan
- Liver Failure Group, Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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Kennedy L, Hargrove L, Demieville J, Bailey JM, Dar W, Polireddy K, Chen Q, Nevah Rubin MI, Sybenga A, DeMorrow S, Meng F, Stockton L, Alpini G, Francis H. Knockout of l-Histidine Decarboxylase Prevents Cholangiocyte Damage and Hepatic Fibrosis in Mice Subjected to High-Fat Diet Feeding via Disrupted Histamine/Leptin Signaling. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2018; 188:600-615. [PMID: 29248461 PMCID: PMC5840487 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2017.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Revised: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Feeding a high-fat diet (HFD) coupled with sugar, mimicking a Western diet, causes fatty liver disease in mice. Histamine induces biliary proliferation and fibrosis and regulates leptin signaling. Wild-type (WT) and l-histidine decarboxylase (Hdc-/-) mice were fed a control diet or an HFD coupled with a high fructose corn syrup equivalent. Hematoxylin and eosin and Oil Red O staining were performed to determine steatosis. Biliary mass and cholangiocyte proliferation were evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Senescence and fibrosis were measured by quantitative PCR and immunohistochemistry. Hepatic stellate cell activation was detected by immunofluorescence. Histamine and leptin levels were measured by enzyme immunoassay. Leptin receptor (Ob-R) was evaluated by quantitative PCR. The HDC/histamine/histamine receptor axis, ductular reaction, and biliary senescence were evaluated in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, or end-stage liver disease. Hdc-/- HFD mice had increased steatosis compared with WT HFD mice. WT HFD mice had increased biliary mass, biliary proliferation, senescence, fibrosis, and hepatic stellate cell activation, which were reduced in Hdc-/- HFD mice. In Hdc-/- HFD mice, serum leptin levels increased, whereas biliary Ob-R expression decreased. Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis patients had increased HDC/histamine/histamine receptor signaling. Hdc-/- HFD mice are susceptible to obesity via dysregulated leptin/Ob-R signaling, whereas the lack of HDC protects from HFD-induced fibrosis and cholangiocyte damage. HDC/histamine/leptin signaling may be important in managing obesity-induced biliary damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey Kennedy
- Department of Research, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Bryan, Texas; Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College of Medicine, Bryan, Texas
| | - Laura Hargrove
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College of Medicine, Bryan, Texas
| | - Jennifer Demieville
- Department of Research, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Bryan, Texas
| | - Jennifer M Bailey
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Wasim Dar
- Division of Immunology and Organ Transplantation, Department of Surgery, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Kishore Polireddy
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Qingzheng Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Moises I Nevah Rubin
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Amelia Sybenga
- Department of Anatomic and Clinical Pathology, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, Texas
| | - Sharon DeMorrow
- Department of Research, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Bryan, Texas; Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College of Medicine, Bryan, Texas; Department of Research, Baylor Scott & White Health Digestive Disease Research Center, Temple, Texas
| | - Fanyin Meng
- Department of Research, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Bryan, Texas; Department of Research, Baylor Scott & White Health Digestive Disease Research Center, Temple, Texas
| | - Lindsey Stockton
- Department of Research, Baylor Scott & White Health Digestive Disease Research Center, Temple, Texas
| | - Gianfranco Alpini
- Department of Research, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Bryan, Texas; Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College of Medicine, Bryan, Texas; Department of Research, Baylor Scott & White Health Digestive Disease Research Center, Temple, Texas
| | - Heather Francis
- Department of Research, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Bryan, Texas; Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College of Medicine, Bryan, Texas; Department of Research, Baylor Scott & White Health Digestive Disease Research Center, Temple, Texas.
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47
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Guo M. Cellular senescence and liver disease: Mechanisms and therapeutic strategies. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 96:1527-1537. [PMID: 29174037 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.11.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Revised: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence is a fundamental cell fate caused by several cellular injuries which results in irreversible cell cycle arrest yet remaining metabolically active across all species. Cellular senescence not only can prevent tumor occurrence by inhibiting the proliferation of injured cells, but also can affect the surrounding cells through the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). Attractively, accumulating evidence shows that cellular senescence is closely related to various liver diseases. Therapeutic opportunities based on targeting senescent cells and the SASP are considered to be potential strategy for liver diseases. However, although research on cell senescence has attracted widespread attention, the overview on detailed mechanism and biological function of cell senescence in liver disease is still largely unknown. The present review summarizes the specific role of cell senescence in various liver diseases, and updates the molecular mechanisms underlying cell senescence. Moreover, the review also explores new strategies for prevention and treatment of liver disease through promoting senescence or counteracting excessive pathological senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Guo
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology of Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China.
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Wan Y, McDaniel K, Wu N, Ramos-Lorenzo S, Glaser T, Venter J, Francis H, Kennedy L, Sato K, Zhou T, Kyritsi K, Huang Q, Annable T, Wu C, Glaser S, Alpini G, Meng F. Regulation of Cellular Senescence by miR-34a in Alcoholic Liver Injury. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2017; 187:2788-2798. [PMID: 29128099 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2017.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Revised: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Alcoholic liver disease remains a major cause of liver-related morbidity and mortality, which ranges from alcoholic steatohepatitis to fibrosis/cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma, and the related mechanisms are understood poorly. In this study, we aimed to investigate the role of miR-34a in alcohol-induced cellular senescence and liver fibrosis. We found that hepatic miR-34a expression was upregulated in ethanol-fed mice and heavy drinkers with steatohepatitis compared with respective controls. Mice treated with miR-34a Vivo-Morpholino developed less severe liver fibrosis than wild-type mice after 5 weeks of ethanol feeding. Further mechanism exploration showed that inhibition of miR-34a increased cellular senescence of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) in ethanol-fed mice, although it decreased senescence in total liver and hepatocytes, which was verified by the changes of senescence-associated β-galactosidase and gene expression. Furthermore, enhanced cellular senescence was observed in liver tissues from steatohepatitis patients compared with healthy controls. In addition, the expression of transforming growth factor-β1, drosophila mothers against decapentaplegic protein 2 (Smad2), and Smad3 was decreased after inhibition of miR-34a in ethanol-fed mice. Our in vitro experiments showed that silencing of miR-34a partially blocked activation of HSCs by lipopolysaccharide and enhanced senescence of HSCs. Furthermore, inhibition of miR-34a decreased lipopolysaccharide-induced fibrotic gene expression in cultured hepatocytes. In conclusion, our data suggest that miR-34a functions as a profibrotic factor that promotes alcohol-induced liver fibrosis by reducing HSC senescence and increasing the senescence of hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wan
- Division of Research, Central Texas Veterans Healthcare System, Temple, Texas; Baylor Scott & White Health Digestive Disease Research Center, Baylor Scott & White Healthcare, Temple, Texas; Department of Internal Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center College of Medicine, Temple, Texas; Department of Pathophysiology, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Kelly McDaniel
- Division of Research, Central Texas Veterans Healthcare System, Temple, Texas; Baylor Scott & White Health Digestive Disease Research Center, Baylor Scott & White Healthcare, Temple, Texas; Department of Internal Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center College of Medicine, Temple, Texas
| | - Nan Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center College of Medicine, Temple, Texas
| | - Sugeily Ramos-Lorenzo
- Baylor Scott & White Health Digestive Disease Research Center, Baylor Scott & White Healthcare, Temple, Texas
| | - Trenton Glaser
- Baylor Scott & White Health Digestive Disease Research Center, Baylor Scott & White Healthcare, Temple, Texas
| | - Julie Venter
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center College of Medicine, Temple, Texas
| | - Heather Francis
- Division of Research, Central Texas Veterans Healthcare System, Temple, Texas; Baylor Scott & White Health Digestive Disease Research Center, Baylor Scott & White Healthcare, Temple, Texas; Department of Internal Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center College of Medicine, Temple, Texas
| | - Lindsey Kennedy
- Division of Research, Central Texas Veterans Healthcare System, Temple, Texas; Department of Internal Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center College of Medicine, Temple, Texas
| | - Keisaku Sato
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center College of Medicine, Temple, Texas
| | - Tianhao Zhou
- Division of Research, Central Texas Veterans Healthcare System, Temple, Texas; Department of Internal Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center College of Medicine, Temple, Texas
| | - Konstantina Kyritsi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center College of Medicine, Temple, Texas
| | - Qiaobing Huang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Lab for Shock and Microcirculation Research of Guangdong Province, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tami Annable
- Baylor Scott & White Health Digestive Disease Research Center, Baylor Scott & White Healthcare, Temple, Texas; Temple Health and Bioscience District, Temple, Texas
| | - Chaodong Wu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Shannon Glaser
- Division of Research, Central Texas Veterans Healthcare System, Temple, Texas; Baylor Scott & White Health Digestive Disease Research Center, Baylor Scott & White Healthcare, Temple, Texas; Department of Internal Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center College of Medicine, Temple, Texas
| | - Gianfranco Alpini
- Division of Research, Central Texas Veterans Healthcare System, Temple, Texas; Baylor Scott & White Health Digestive Disease Research Center, Baylor Scott & White Healthcare, Temple, Texas; Department of Internal Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center College of Medicine, Temple, Texas.
| | - Fanyin Meng
- Division of Research, Central Texas Veterans Healthcare System, Temple, Texas; Baylor Scott & White Health Digestive Disease Research Center, Baylor Scott & White Healthcare, Temple, Texas; Department of Internal Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center College of Medicine, Temple, Texas.
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Zang J, Sha M, Zhang C, Ye J, Zhang K, Gao J. Senescent hepatocyte secretion of matrix metalloproteinases is regulated by nuclear factor-κB signaling. Life Sci 2017; 191:205-210. [PMID: 29054454 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2017.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Revised: 10/08/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Cellular senescence and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) play an important role in liver diseases. The source and regulating factors of MMPs in senescent hepatocytes are not known. We investigated whether senescent hepatocytes secreted MMPs and if this was regulated by nuclear factor (NF)-κB. MATERIALS AND METHODS The TGF-α transgenic mouse hepatocyte line AML12 was treated with H2O2 to induce senescence. NF-κB signaling was examined by Western blotting and luciferase reporter assays. Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was used to evaluated expression of MMP-2, -9 and -13. KEY FINDINGS AML12 cells treated with H2O2 showed the characteristic morphology of senescence. The activity of NF-κB and expression of MMP-2, -9 and -13 were increased in senescent AML12 cells. The NF-κB inhibitor BAY 11-7082 decreased the levels of MMPs. SIGNIFICANCE These results suggest that senescent hepatocytes are involved in the pathology of liver diseases through remodeling the extracellular matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinfeng Zang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Taizhou People's Hospital, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Nantong University, China.
| | - Min Sha
- Central Laboratory, Taizhou People's Hospital, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Nantong University, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Taizhou People's Hospital, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Nantong University, China
| | - Jun Ye
- Central Laboratory, Taizhou People's Hospital, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Nantong University, China
| | - Kezhi Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Taizhou People's Hospital, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Nantong University, China
| | - Junye Gao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Taizhou People's Hospital, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Nantong University, China
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50
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Yzydorczyk C, Li N, Chehade H, Mosig D, Bidho M, Keshavjee B, Armengaud JB, Nardou K, Siddeek B, Benahmed M, Vergely C, Simeoni U. Transient postnatal overfeeding causes liver stress-induced premature senescence in adult mice. Sci Rep 2017; 7:12911. [PMID: 29018245 PMCID: PMC5635041 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-11756-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Unbalanced nutrition early in life is increasingly recognized as an important factor in the development of chronic, non-communicable diseases at adulthood, including metabolic diseases. We aimed to determine whether transient postnatal overfeeding (OF) leads to liver stress-induced premature senescence (SIPS) of hepatocytes in association with liver structure and hepatic function alterations. Litters sizes of male C57BL/6 mice were adjusted to 9 pups (normal feeding, NF) or reduced to 3 pups during the lactation period to induce transient postnatal OF. Compared to the NF group, seven-month-old adult mice transiently overfed during the postnatal period were overweight and developed glucose intolerance and insulin resistance. Their livers showed microsteatosis and fibrosis, while hepatic insulin signaling and glucose transporter protein expressions were altered. Increased hepatic oxidative stress (OS) was observed, with increased superoxide anion production, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase protein expression, oxidative DNA damage and decreased levels of antioxidant defense markers, such as superoxide dismutase and catalase proteins. Hepatocyte senescence was characterized by increased p21WAF, p53, Acp53, p16INK4a and decreased pRb/Rb and Sirtuin-1 (SIRT-1) protein expression levels. Transient postnatal OF induces liver OS at adulthood, associated with hepatocyte SIPS and alterations in liver structure and hepatic functions, which could be mediated by a SIRT-1 deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Yzydorczyk
- Woman-Mother-Child Department, Division of Pediatrics, DOHaD Laboratory, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Na Li
- Equipe: Physiopathologie et Epidémiologie Cérébro-Cardiovasculaires (AE 7460, PEC2), UFR Sciences de Santé, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Hassib Chehade
- Woman-Mother-Child Department, Division of Pediatrics, DOHaD Laboratory, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Dolores Mosig
- Woman-Mother-Child Department, Division of Pediatrics, DOHaD Laboratory, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Mickael Bidho
- Woman-Mother-Child Department, Division of Pediatrics, DOHaD Laboratory, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Basile Keshavjee
- Woman-Mother-Child Department, Division of Pediatrics, DOHaD Laboratory, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jean Baptiste Armengaud
- Woman-Mother-Child Department, Division of Pediatrics, DOHaD Laboratory, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Katya Nardou
- Woman-Mother-Child Department, Division of Pediatrics, DOHaD Laboratory, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Benazir Siddeek
- Woman-Mother-Child Department, Division of Pediatrics, DOHaD Laboratory, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Mohamed Benahmed
- Woman-Mother-Child Department, Division of Pediatrics, DOHaD Laboratory, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Catherine Vergely
- Equipe: Physiopathologie et Epidémiologie Cérébro-Cardiovasculaires (AE 7460, PEC2), UFR Sciences de Santé, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Umberto Simeoni
- Woman-Mother-Child Department, Division of Pediatrics, DOHaD Laboratory, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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