1
|
Song PR, Wan ZP, Huang GG, Song ZL, Zhang T, Tong LJ, Fang Y, Tang HT, Xue Y, Zhan ZS, Feng F, Li Y, Shi WH, Huang YQ, Chen Y, Duan WH, Ding J, Zhang A, Xie H. Discovery of a novel BTK inhibitor S-016 and identification of a new strategy for the treatment of lymphomas including BTK inhibitor-resistant lymphomas. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2024:10.1038/s41401-024-01311-x. [PMID: 38834683 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-024-01311-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) has emerged as a therapeutic target for B-cell malignancies, which is substantiated by the efficacy of various irreversible or reversible BTK inhibitors. However, on-target BTK mutations facilitating evasion from BTK inhibition lead to resistance that limits the therapeutic efficacy of BTK inhibitors. In this study we employed structure-based drug design strategies based on established BTK inhibitors and yielded a series of BTK targeting compounds. Among them, compound S-016 bearing a unique tricyclic structure exhibited potent BTK kinase inhibitory activity with an IC50 value of 0.5 nM, comparable to a commercially available BTK inhibitor ibrutinib (IC50 = 0.4 nM). S-016, as a novel irreversible BTK inhibitor, displayed superior kinase selectivity compared to ibrutinib and significant therapeutic effects against B-cell lymphoma both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, we generated BTK inhibitor-resistant lymphoma cells harboring BTK C481F or A428D to explore strategies for overcoming resistance. Co-culture of these DLBCL cells with M0 macrophages led to the polarization of M0 macrophages toward the M2 phenotype, a process known to support tumor progression. Intriguingly, we demonstrated that SYHA1813, a compound targeting both VEGFR and CSF1R, effectively reshaped the tumor microenvironment (TME) and significantly overcame the acquired resistance to BTK inhibitors in both BTK-mutated and wild-type BTK DLBCL models by inhibiting angiogenesis and modulating macrophage polarization. Overall, this study not only promotes the development of new BTK inhibitors but also offers innovative treatment strategies for B-cell lymphomas, including those with BTK mutations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Ran Song
- Division of Antitumor Pharmacology & Small-Molecule Drug Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Zhi-Peng Wan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
- Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan, 528400, China
| | - Ge-Ge Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
- Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan, 528400, China
| | - Zi-Lan Song
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Drug Target Identification and Delivery, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Division of Antitumor Pharmacology & Small-Molecule Drug Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Lin-Jiang Tong
- Division of Antitumor Pharmacology & Small-Molecule Drug Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yan Fang
- Division of Antitumor Pharmacology & Small-Molecule Drug Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Hao-Tian Tang
- Division of Antitumor Pharmacology & Small-Molecule Drug Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan, 528400, China
| | - Yu Xue
- Division of Antitumor Pharmacology & Small-Molecule Drug Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Zheng-Sheng Zhan
- Division of Antitumor Pharmacology & Small-Molecule Drug Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Fang Feng
- Division of Antitumor Pharmacology & Small-Molecule Drug Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yan Li
- Division of Antitumor Pharmacology & Small-Molecule Drug Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Wen-Hao Shi
- Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan, 528400, China
- School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563006, China
| | - Yu-Qing Huang
- Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan, 528400, China
- School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 561113, China
| | - Yi Chen
- Division of Antitumor Pharmacology & Small-Molecule Drug Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Wen-Hu Duan
- Division of Antitumor Pharmacology & Small-Molecule Drug Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Jian Ding
- Division of Antitumor Pharmacology & Small-Molecule Drug Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Ao Zhang
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Drug Target Identification and Delivery, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
| | - Hua Xie
- Division of Antitumor Pharmacology & Small-Molecule Drug Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China.
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
- Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan, 528400, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Álvarez K, Palacio J, Agudelo NA, Anacona CA, Castaño D, Vásquez G, Rojas M. B cell-targeted polylactic acid nanoparticles as platform for encapsulating jakinibs: potential therapeutic strategy for systemic lupus erythematosus. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2023; 18:2001-2019. [PMID: 38084660 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2023-0241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: B cells are pivotal in systemic lupus erythematosus and autoimmune disease pathogenesis. Materials & methods: To address this, Nile Red-labeled polylactic acid nanoparticles (NR-PLA NPs) loaded with the JAK inhibitor baricitinib (BARI), specifically targeting JAK1 and JAK2 in B cells, were developed. Results: Physicochemical characterization confirmed NP stability over 30 days. NR-PLA NPs were selectively bound and internalized by CD19+ B cells, sparing other leukocytes. In contrast to NR-PLA NPs, BARI-NR-PLA NPs significantly dampened B-cell activation, proliferation and plasma cell differentiation in healthy controls. They also inhibited key cytokine production. These effects often surpassed those of equimolar-free BARI. Conclusion: This study underscores the potential of PLA NPs to regulate autoreactive B cells, offering a novel therapeutic avenue for autoimmune diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karen Álvarez
- Grupo de Inmunología Celular e Inmunogenética, Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas, Universidad de Antioquia, Calle 70 No. 52-21 & Calle 62 No. 52-59, Torre 1, Lab. 510; Medellín, Colombia
| | - Juliana Palacio
- Grupo De Investigación Ciencia de Los Materiales, Instituto de Química, Universidad de Antioquia, Calle 70 No. 52-21 & Calle 62 No. 52-59, Torre 1, Lab. 310; Medellín, Colombia
- Escuela de Química, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Medellín, Carrera 65A No. 59A-110, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Natalia A Agudelo
- Grupo de Investigación e Innovación en Formulaciones Químicas, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias Básicas, Universidad EIA, Envigado, Colombia
| | - Cristian A Anacona
- Grupo de Inmunología Celular e Inmunogenética, Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas, Universidad de Antioquia, Calle 70 No. 52-21 & Calle 62 No. 52-59, Torre 1, Lab. 510; Medellín, Colombia
| | - Diana Castaño
- Grupo de Inmunología Celular e Inmunogenética, Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas, Universidad de Antioquia, Calle 70 No. 52-21 & Calle 62 No. 52-59, Torre 1, Lab. 510; Medellín, Colombia
| | - Gloria Vásquez
- Grupo de Inmunología Celular e Inmunogenética, Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas, Universidad de Antioquia, Calle 70 No. 52-21 & Calle 62 No. 52-59, Torre 1, Lab. 510; Medellín, Colombia
| | - Mauricio Rojas
- Grupo de Inmunología Celular e Inmunogenética, Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas, Universidad de Antioquia, Calle 70 No. 52-21 & Calle 62 No. 52-59, Torre 1, Lab. 510; Medellín, Colombia
- Unidad de Citometría de Flujo, Sede de Investigación Universitaria, Universidad de Antioquia, Calle 62 No. 52-59, Medellín, 050010, Colombia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Mazzarello AN, Fitch M, Cardillo M, Ng A, Bhuiya S, Sharma E, Bagnara D, Kolitz JE, Barrientos JC, Allen SL, Rai KR, Rhodes J, Hellerstein MK, Chiorazzi N. Characterization of the Intraclonal Complexity of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia B Cells: Potential Influences of B-Cell Receptor Crosstalk with Other Stimuli. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4706. [PMID: 37835400 PMCID: PMC10571896 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15194706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) clones contain subpopulations differing in time since the last cell division ("age"): recently born, proliferative (PF; CXCR4DimCD5Bright), intermediate (IF; CXCR4IntCD5Int), and resting (RF; CXCR4BrightCD5Dim) fractions. Herein, we used deuterium (2H) incorporation into newly synthesized DNA in patients to refine the kinetics of CLL subpopulations by characterizing two additional CXCR4/CD5 fractions, i.e., double dim (DDF; CXCR4DimCD5Dim) and double bright (DBF; CXCR4BrightCD5Bright); and intraclonal fractions differing in surface membrane (sm) IgM and IgD densities. Although DDF was enriched in recently divided cells and DBF in older cells, PF and RF remained the most enriched in youngest and oldest cells, respectively. Similarly, smIgMHigh and smIgDHigh cells were the youngest, and smIgMLow and smIgDLow were the oldest, when using smIG levels as discriminator. Surprisingly, the cells closest to the last stimulatory event bore high levels of smIG, and stimulating via TLR9 and smIG yielded a phenotype more consistent with the in vivo setting. Finally, older cells were less sensitive to in vivo inhibition by ibrutinib. Collectively, these data define additional intraclonal subpopulations with divergent ages and phenotypes and suggest that BCR engagement alone is not responsible for the smIG levels found in vivo, and the differential sensitivity of distinct fractions to ibrutinib might account, in part, for therapeutic relapse.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea N. Mazzarello
- The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Mark Fitch
- Department of Nutritional Sciences & Toxicology, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Martina Cardillo
- The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
| | - Anita Ng
- The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
| | - Sabreen Bhuiya
- The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
| | - Esha Sharma
- The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
| | - Davide Bagnara
- The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Jonathan E. Kolitz
- The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
- Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY 11549, USA
| | - Jacqueline C. Barrientos
- The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
- Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY 11549, USA
| | - Steven L. Allen
- The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
- Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY 11549, USA
| | - Kanti R. Rai
- The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
- Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY 11549, USA
| | - Joanna Rhodes
- The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
| | - Marc K. Hellerstein
- Department of Nutritional Sciences & Toxicology, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Nicholas Chiorazzi
- The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
- Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY 11549, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Magliozzi R, Howell OW, Calabrese M, Reynolds R. Meningeal inflammation as a driver of cortical grey matter pathology and clinical progression in multiple sclerosis. Nat Rev Neurol 2023:10.1038/s41582-023-00838-7. [PMID: 37400550 DOI: 10.1038/s41582-023-00838-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
Growing evidence from cerebrospinal fluid samples and post-mortem brain tissue from individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS) and rodent models indicates that the meninges have a key role in the inflammatory and neurodegenerative mechanisms underlying progressive MS pathology. The subarachnoid space and associated perivascular spaces between the membranes of the meninges are the access points for entry of lymphocytes, monocytes and macrophages into the brain parenchyma, and the main route for diffusion of inflammatory and cytotoxic molecules from the cerebrospinal fluid into the brain tissue. In addition, the meningeal spaces act as an exit route for CNS-derived antigens, immune cells and metabolites. A number of studies have demonstrated an association between chronic meningeal inflammation and a more severe clinical course of MS, suggesting that the build-up of immune cell aggregates in the meninges represents a rational target for therapeutic intervention. Therefore, understanding the precise cell and molecular mechanisms, timing and anatomical features involved in the compartmentalization of inflammation within the meningeal spaces in MS is vital. Here, we present a detailed review and discussion of the cellular, molecular and radiological evidence for a role of meningeal inflammation in MS, alongside the clinical and therapeutic implications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Magliozzi
- Neurology Section of Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.
- Department of Brain Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK.
| | - Owain W Howell
- Neurology Section of Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
- Institute of Life Sciences, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - Massimiliano Calabrese
- Neurology Section of Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Richard Reynolds
- Department of Brain Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Centre for Molecular Neuropathology, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Krämer J, Bar-Or A, Turner TJ, Wiendl H. Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitors for multiple sclerosis. Nat Rev Neurol 2023; 19:289-304. [PMID: 37055617 PMCID: PMC10100639 DOI: 10.1038/s41582-023-00800-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
Current therapies for multiple sclerosis (MS) reduce both relapses and relapse-associated worsening of disability, which is assumed to be mainly associated with transient infiltration of peripheral immune cells into the central nervous system (CNS). However, approved therapies are less effective at slowing disability accumulation in patients with MS, in part owing to their lack of relevant effects on CNS-compartmentalized inflammation, which has been proposed to drive disability. Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK) is an intracellular signalling molecule involved in the regulation of maturation, survival, migration and activation of B cells and microglia. As CNS-compartmentalized B cells and microglia are considered central to the immunopathogenesis of progressive MS, treatment with CNS-penetrant BTK inhibitors might curtail disease progression by targeting immune cells on both sides of the blood-brain barrier. Five BTK inhibitors that differ in selectivity, strength of inhibition, binding mechanisms and ability to modulate immune cells within the CNS are currently under investigation in clinical trials as a treatment for MS. This Review describes the role of BTK in various immune cells implicated in MS, provides an overview of preclinical data on BTK inhibitors and discusses the (largely preliminary) data from clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Krämer
- Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Amit Bar-Or
- Center for Neuroinflammation and Neurotherapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Heinz Wiendl
- Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Sakai J, Yang J, Chou CK, Wu WW, Akkoyunlu M. B cell receptor-induced IL-10 production from neonatal mouse CD19 +CD43 - cells depends on STAT5-mediated IL-6 secretion. eLife 2023; 12:83561. [PMID: 36735294 PMCID: PMC9934864 DOI: 10.7554/elife.83561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Newborns are unable to reach the adult-level humoral immune response partly due to the potent immunoregulatory role of IL-10. Increased IL-10 production by neonatal B cells has been attributed to the larger population of IL-10-producting CD43+ B-1 cells in neonates. Here, we show that neonatal mouse CD43- non-B-1 cells also produce substantial amounts of IL-10 following B cell antigen receptor (BCR) activation. In neonatal mouse CD43- non-B-1 cells, BCR engagement activated STAT5 under the control of phosphorylated forms of signaling molecules Syk, Btk, PKC, FAK, and Rac1. Neonatal STAT5 activation led to IL-6 production, which in turn was responsible for IL-10 production in an autocrine/paracrine fashion through the activation of STAT3. In addition to the increased IL-6 production in response to BCR stimulation, elevated expression of IL-6Rα expression in neonatal B cells rendered them highly susceptible to IL-6-mediated STAT3 phosphorylation and IL-10 production. Finally, IL-10 secreted from neonatal mouse CD43- non-B-1 cells was sufficient to inhibit TNF-α secretion by macrophages. Our results unveil a distinct mechanism of IL-6-dependent IL-10 production in BCR-stimulated neonatal CD19+CD43- B cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiro Sakai
- Laboratory of Bacterial Polysaccharides, Division of Bacterial Parasitic and Allergenic Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, The US Food and Drug AdministrationSilver SpringUnited States
| | - Jiyeon Yang
- Laboratory of Bacterial Polysaccharides, Division of Bacterial Parasitic and Allergenic Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, The US Food and Drug AdministrationSilver SpringUnited States
| | - Chao-Kai Chou
- Facility for Biotechnology Resources, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, United States Food and Drug AdministrationSilver SpringUnited States
| | - Wells W Wu
- Facility for Biotechnology Resources, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, United States Food and Drug AdministrationSilver SpringUnited States
| | - Mustafa Akkoyunlu
- Laboratory of Bacterial Polysaccharides, Division of Bacterial Parasitic and Allergenic Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, The US Food and Drug AdministrationSilver SpringUnited States
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Park HY, Chae MK, Ko J, Kikkawa DO, Jang SY, Yoon JS. Therapeutic effect of ibrutinib, a selective Bruton's tyrosine kinase inhibitor, in orbital fibroblasts from patients with Graves' orbitopathy. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0279060. [PMID: 36521376 PMCID: PMC9754806 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0279060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) is an essential protein in B-cell antigen receptor (BCR) signaling pathway and is known to be related to pathogenetic effect on B-cell related malignancies and various autoimmune diseases. In this study, we investigated the therapeutic effect of ibrutinib, an orally bioavailable BTK inhibitor in the pathogenesis of Graves' orbitopathy (GO) in in vitro model. METHODS Expression of BTK in orbital tissues from GO and normal control subjects were evaluated by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Primary cultured orbital fibroblasts from each subject were exposed to ibrutinib and stimulated with interleukin (IL)-1β or insulin like growth factor (IGF)-1. Production of inflammatory cytokines was evaluated by real time PCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). The downstream transcription factors were also determined by western blot assays. RESULTS The expression of BTK in GO tissues were significantly higher than in healthy controls. After stimulation of GO orbital fibroblasts with IL-1β or IGF-1, BTK mRNA and phosphorylated (p)- BTK protein expression was also enhanced. Ibrutinib reduced the expression of BTK mRNA and proteins of p-BTK, and inhibited the IL-1β- and IGF-1-induced production of proinflammatory cytokines including IL-6, IL-8 and COX-2 in both GO and normal cells. Ibrutinib also significantly attenuated phosphorylation of Akt, p38, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B-cells (NF-κB) in IL-1β stimulated GO cells and Akt, JNK, and NF-κB in IL-1ß stimulated normal cells. CONCLUSIONS BTK expression is enhanced in GO tissue and orbital fibroblasts. Ibrutinib, a BTK inhibitor suppresses proinflammatory cytokine production as well as phosphorylation of Akt and NF-κB protein. Our results suggest the potential role of BTK in GO inflammatory pathogenesis and possibility of a novel therapeutic target of GO.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Young Park
- Department of Ophthalmology, Severance Hospital, Institute of Vision Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Siloam Eye Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Kyung Chae
- Department of Ophthalmology, Severance Hospital, Institute of Vision Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - JaeSang Ko
- Department of Ophthalmology, Severance Hospital, Institute of Vision Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Don O. Kikkawa
- Division of Oculofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Ophthalmology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Sun Young Jang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Bucheon, Korea
| | - Jin Sook Yoon
- Department of Ophthalmology, Severance Hospital, Institute of Vision Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Sousa B, de Almeida CR, Barahona AF, Lopes R, Martins-Logrado A, Cavaco M, Neves V, Carvalho LA, Labão-Almeida C, Coelho AR, Leal Bento M, Lopes RMR, Oliveira BL, Castanho MARB, Neumeister P, Deutsch A, Vladimer GI, Krall N, João C, Corzana F, Seixas JD, Fior R, Bernardes GJL. Selective Inhibition of Bruton's Tyrosine Kinase by a Designed Covalent Ligand Leads to Potent Therapeutic Efficacy in Blood Cancers Relative to Clinically Used Inhibitors. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2022; 5:1156-1168. [PMID: 36407952 PMCID: PMC9667546 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.2c00163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) is a member of the TEC-family kinases and crucial for the proliferation and differentiation of B-cells. We evaluated the therapeutic potential of a covalent inhibitor (JS25) with nanomolar potency against BTK and with a more desirable selectivity and inhibitory profile compared to the FDA-approved BTK inhibitors ibrutinib and acalabrutinib. Structural prediction of the BTK/JS25 complex revealed sequestration of Tyr551 that leads to BTK's inactivation. JS25 also inhibited the proliferation of myeloid and lymphoid B-cell cancer cell lines. Its therapeutic potential was further tested against ibrutinib in preclinical models of B-cell cancers. JS25 treatment induced a more pronounced cell death in a murine xenograft model of Burkitt's lymphoma, causing a 30-40% reduction of the subcutaneous tumor and an overall reduction in the percentage of metastasis and secondary tumor formation. In a patient model of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, the drug response of JS25 was higher than that of ibrutinib, leading to a 64% "on-target" efficacy. Finally, in zebrafish patient-derived xenografts of chronic lymphocytic leukemia, JS25 was faster and more effective in decreasing tumor burden, producing superior therapeutic effects compared to ibrutinib. We expect JS25 to become therapeutically relevant as a BTK inhibitor and to find applications in the treatment of hematological cancers and other pathologies with unmet clinical treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara
B. Sousa
- Instituto
de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina,
Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-028, Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | - Ana F. Barahona
- Champalimaud
Foundation, Avenida de Brasília, 1400-038, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Raquel Lopes
- Champalimaud
Foundation, Avenida de Brasília, 1400-038, Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | - Marco Cavaco
- Instituto
de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina,
Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-028, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Vera Neves
- Instituto
de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina,
Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-028, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Luís A.
R. Carvalho
- Yusuf
Hamied Department of Chemistry, University
of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K.
| | - Carlos Labão-Almeida
- Instituto
de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina,
Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-028, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana R. Coelho
- Instituto
de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina,
Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-028, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Marta Leal Bento
- Instituto
de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina,
Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-028, Lisbon, Portugal
- Centro
Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Department of Hematology and Bone Marrow
Transplantation, Avenida
Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-035 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ricardo M. R.
M. Lopes
- Research
Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1600-277 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Bruno L. Oliveira
- Instituto
de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina,
Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-028, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Miguel A. R. B. Castanho
- Instituto
de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina,
Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-028, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Peter Neumeister
- Division
of Hematology, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 38, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Alexander Deutsch
- Division
of Hematology, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 38, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Gregory I. Vladimer
- Exscientia, The Schrödinger Building,
Oxford Science Park, Oxford OX4 4GE, U.K.
| | - Nikolaus Krall
- Exscientia, The Schrödinger Building,
Oxford Science Park, Oxford OX4 4GE, U.K.
| | - Cristina João
- Champalimaud
Foundation, Avenida de Brasília, 1400-038, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Francisco Corzana
- Centro
de Investigación en Síntesis Química, Departamento
de Química, Universidad de La Rioja, 26006 Logroño, Spain
| | - João D. Seixas
- Instituto
de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina,
Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-028, Lisbon, Portugal
- TARGTEX
S.A., Avenida Tenente
Valadim, N°17, 2F, 2560-275 Torres Vedras, Portugal
| | - Rita Fior
- Champalimaud
Foundation, Avenida de Brasília, 1400-038, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Gonçalo J. L. Bernardes
- Instituto
de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina,
Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-028, Lisbon, Portugal
- Yusuf
Hamied Department of Chemistry, University
of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Corneth OBJ, Neys SFH, Hendriks RW. Aberrant B Cell Signaling in Autoimmune Diseases. Cells 2022; 11:cells11213391. [PMID: 36359789 PMCID: PMC9654300 DOI: 10.3390/cells11213391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant B cell signaling plays a critical in role in various systemic and organ-specific autoimmune diseases. This is supported by genetic evidence by many functional studies in B cells from patients or specific animal models and by the observed efficacy of small-molecule inhibitors. In this review, we first discuss key signal transduction pathways downstream of the B cell receptor (BCR) that ensure that autoreactive B cells are removed from the repertoire or functionally silenced. We provide an overview of aberrant BCR signaling that is associated with inappropriate B cell repertoire selection and activation or survival of peripheral B cell populations and plasma cells, finally leading to autoantibody formation. Next to BCR signaling, abnormalities in other signal transduction pathways have been implicated in autoimmune disease. These include reduced activity of several phosphates that are downstream of co-inhibitory receptors on B cells and increased levels of BAFF and APRIL, which support survival of B cells and plasma cells. Importantly, pathogenic synergy of the BCR and Toll-like receptors (TLR), which can be activated by endogenous ligands, such as self-nucleic acids, has been shown to enhance autoimmunity. Finally, we will briefly discuss therapeutic strategies for autoimmune disease based on interfering with signal transduction in B cells.
Collapse
|
10
|
Alu A, Lei H, Han X, Wei Y, Wei X. BTK inhibitors in the treatment of hematological malignancies and inflammatory diseases: mechanisms and clinical studies. J Hematol Oncol 2022; 15:138. [PMID: 36183125 PMCID: PMC9526392 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-022-01353-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) is an essential component of multiple signaling pathways that regulate B cell and myeloid cell proliferation, survival, and functions, making it a promising therapeutic target for various B cell malignancies and inflammatory diseases. Five small molecule inhibitors have shown remarkable efficacy and have been approved to treat different types of hematological cancers, including ibrutinib, acalabrutinib, zanubrutinib, tirabrutinib, and orelabrutinib. The first-in-class agent, ibrutinib, has created a new era of chemotherapy-free treatment of B cell malignancies. Ibrutinib is so popular and became the fourth top-selling cancer drug worldwide in 2021. To reduce the off-target effects and overcome the acquired resistance of ibrutinib, significant efforts have been made in developing highly selective second- and third-generation BTK inhibitors and various combination approaches. Over the past few years, BTK inhibitors have also been repurposed for the treatment of inflammatory diseases. Promising data have been obtained from preclinical and early-phase clinical studies. In this review, we summarized current progress in applying BTK inhibitors in the treatment of hematological malignancies and inflammatory disorders, highlighting available results from clinical studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aqu Alu
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Hong Lei
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xuejiao Han
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yuquan Wei
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xiawei Wei
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Liu L, Liu M, Zhao W, Zhao YL, Wang Y. Tetrahydropalmatine Regulates BDNF through TrkB/CAM Interaction to Alleviate the Neurotoxicity Induced by Methamphetamine. ACS Chem Neurosci 2021; 12:3373-3386. [PMID: 34448569 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.1c00373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Tetrahydropalmatine (THP) has analgesic, hypnotic, sedative, and other pharmacological effects. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) plays an important role in neuronal plasticity, growth, and development. However, their mechanism of action in methamphetamine (MA)-induced neurotoxicity remains unclear. This study aims to explore the important role of BDNF in MA neurotoxicity and whether THP can regulate BDNF through the interaction between tyrosine kinase receptor B (TrkB)/calmodulin (CAM) to alleviate the neurotoxicity induced by MA. SD rats were randomly divided into control, MA, and MA + THP groups. Stereotyped behavior test, captive rejection test, open field test (OFT), and Morris water maze (MWM) were used to evaluate the anxiety, aggression, cognition, learning, and memory. Extracted hippocampus and mesencephalon tissue were detected by Western blot, HE staining, and immunohistochemistry. TUNEL staining was used to detect apoptosis. MOE was used for bioinformatics prediction, and coimmunoprecipitation was used to confirm protein interactions. Long-term abuse of MA resulted in lower weight gain ratio and nerve cell damage and caused various neurotoxicity-related behavioral abnormalities: anxiety, aggression, cognitive motor disorders, and learning and memory disorders. MA-induced neurotoxicity is related to the down-regulation of BDNF and apoptosis. THP attenuated the MA-induced neurotoxicity by decreasing CAM, increasing TrkB, phosphorylating Akt, up-regulating NF-κB and BDNF, and inhibiting cell apoptosis. MA can induce neurotoxicity in rats. BDNF may play a vital role in MA-induced neurotoxicity. THP regulates BDNF through TrkB/CAM interaction to alleviate the neurotoxicity induced by MA. THP may be a potential therapeutic drug for the neurotoxic and neurodegenerative diseases related to MA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lian Liu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, P. R. China
| | - Ming Liu
- Department of Drug Control, Criminal Investigation Police University of China, Shenyang, Liaoning 110854, P. R. China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of Drug Control, Criminal Investigation Police University of China, Shenyang, Liaoning 110854, P. R. China
| | - Yuan-Ling Zhao
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, P. R. China
| | - Yun Wang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Neys SFH, Rip J, Hendriks RW, Corneth OBJ. Bruton's Tyrosine Kinase Inhibition as an Emerging Therapy in Systemic Autoimmune Disease. Drugs 2021; 81:1605-1626. [PMID: 34609725 PMCID: PMC8491186 DOI: 10.1007/s40265-021-01592-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Systemic autoimmune disorders are complex heterogeneous chronic diseases involving many different immune cells. A significant proportion of patients respond poorly to therapy. In addition, the high burden of adverse effects caused by "classical" anti-rheumatic or immune modulatory drugs provides a need to develop more specific therapies that are better tolerated. Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) is a crucial signaling protein that directly links B-cell receptor (BCR) signals to B-cell activation, proliferation, and survival. BTK is not only expressed in B cells but also in myeloid cells, and is involved in many different signaling pathways that drive autoimmunity. This makes BTK an interesting therapeutic target in the treatment of autoimmune diseases. The past decade has seen the emergence of first-line BTK small-molecule inhibitors with great efficacy in the treatment of B-cell malignancies, but with unfavorable safety profiles for use in autoimmunity due to off-target effects. The development of second-generation BTK inhibitors with superior BTK specificity has facilitated the investigation of their efficacy in clinical trials with autoimmune patients. In this review, we discuss the role of BTK in key signaling pathways involved in autoimmunity and provide an overview of the different inhibitors that are currently being investigated in clinical trials of systemic autoimmune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus, as well as available results from completed trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefan F H Neys
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jasper Rip
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rudi W Hendriks
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Odilia B J Corneth
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Steinmaurer A, Wimmer I, Berger T, Rommer PS, Sellner J. Bruton's tyrosine kinase inhibition in the treatment of preclinical models and multiple sclerosis. Curr Pharm Des 2021; 28:437-444. [PMID: 34218776 DOI: 10.2174/1381612827666210701152934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Significant progress has been made in understanding the immunopathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS) over recent years. Successful clinical trials with CD20-depleting monoclonal antibodies have corroborated the fundamental role of B cells in the pathogenesis of MS and reinforced the notion that cells of the B cell lineage are an attractive treatment target. Therapeutic inhibition of Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK), an enzyme involved in B cell and myeloid cell activation and function, is regarded as a next-generation approach that aims to attenuate both errant innate and adaptive immune functions. Moreover, brain-penetrant BTK inhibitors may impact compartmentalized inflammation and neurodegeneration within the central nervous system by targeting brain-resident B cells and microglia, respectively. Preclinical studies in animal models of MS corroborated an impact of BTK inhibition on meningeal inflammation and cortical demyelination. Notably, BTK inhibition attenuated the antigen-presenting capacity of B cells and the generation of encephalitogenic T cells. Evobrutinib, a selective oral BTK inhibitor, has been tested recently in a phase 2 study of patients with relapsing-remitting MS. The study met the primary endpoint of a significantly reduced cumulative number of Gadolinium-enhancing lesions under treatment with evobrutinib compared to placebo treatment. Thus, the results of ongoing phase 2 and 3 studies with evobrutinib, fenobrutinib, and tolebrutinib in relapsing-remitting and progressive MS are eagerly awaited. This review article introduces the physiological role of BTK, summarizes the pre-clinical and trial evidence, and addresses the potential beneficial effects of BTK inhibition in MS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anja Steinmaurer
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna. Austria
| | - Isabella Wimmer
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna. Austria
| | - Thomas Berger
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna. Austria
| | | | - Johann Sellner
- Department of Neurology, Landesklinikum Mistelbach-Gänserndorf, Mistelbach. Austria
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Neys SFH, Hendriks RW, Corneth OBJ. Targeting Bruton's Tyrosine Kinase in Inflammatory and Autoimmune Pathologies. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:668131. [PMID: 34150760 PMCID: PMC8213343 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.668131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) was discovered due to its importance in B cell development, and it has a critical role in signal transduction downstream of the B cell receptor (BCR). Targeting of BTK with small molecule inhibitors has proven to be efficacious in several B cell malignancies. Interestingly, recent studies reveal increased BTK protein expression in circulating resting B cells of patients with systemic autoimmune disease (AID) compared with healthy controls. Moreover, BTK phosphorylation following BCR stimulation in vitro was enhanced. In addition to its role in BCR signaling, BTK is involved in many other pathways, including pattern recognition, Fc, and chemokine receptor signaling in B cells and myeloid cells. This broad involvement in several immunological pathways provides a rationale for the targeting of BTK in the context of inflammatory and systemic AID. Accordingly, numerous in vitro and in vivo preclinical studies support the potential of BTK targeting in these conditions. Efficacy of BTK inhibitors in various inflammatory and AID has been demonstrated or is currently evaluated in clinical trials. In addition, very recent reports suggest that BTK inhibition may be effective as immunosuppressive therapy to diminish pulmonary hyperinflammation in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Here, we review BTK's function in key signaling pathways in B cells and myeloid cells. Further, we discuss recent advances in targeting BTK in inflammatory and autoimmune pathologies.
Collapse
|
15
|
Kennedy E, Coulter E, Halliwell E, Profitos-Peleja N, Walsby E, Clark B, Phillips EH, Burley TA, Mitchell S, Devereux S, Fegan CD, Jones CI, Johnston R, Chevassut T, Schulz R, Seiffert M, Agathanggelou A, Oldreive C, Davies N, Stankovic T, Liloglou T, Pepper C, Pepper AGS. TLR9 expression in chronic lymphocytic leukemia identifies a promigratory subpopulation and novel therapeutic target. Blood 2021; 137:3064-3078. [PMID: 33512408 PMCID: PMC8176769 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2020005964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) remains incurable despite B-cell receptor-targeted inhibitors revolutionizing treatment. This suggests that other signaling molecules are involved in disease escape mechanisms and resistance. Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) is a promising candidate that is activated by unmethylated cytosine guanine dinucleotide-DNA. Here, we show that plasma from patients with CLL contains significantly more unmethylated DNA than plasma from healthy control subjects (P < .0001) and that cell-free DNA levels correlate with the prognostic markers CD38, β2-microglobulin, and lymphocyte doubling time. Furthermore, elevated cell-free DNA was associated with shorter time to first treatment (hazard ratio, 4.0; P = .003). We also show that TLR9 expression was associated with in vitro CLL cell migration (P < .001), and intracellular endosomal TLR9 strongly correlated with aberrant surface expression (sTLR9; r = 0.9). In addition, lymph node-derived CLL cells exhibited increased sTLR9 (P = .016), and RNA-sequencing of paired sTLR9hi and sTLR9lo CLL cells revealed differential transcription of genes involved in TLR signaling, adhesion, motility, and inflammation in sTLR9hi cells. Mechanistically, a TLR9 agonist, ODN2006, promoted CLL cell migration (P < .001) that was mediated by p65 NF-κB and STAT3 transcription factor activation. Importantly, autologous plasma induced the same effects, which were reversed by a TLR9 antagonist. Furthermore, high TLR9 expression promoted engraftment and rapid disease progression in a NOD/Shi-scid/IL-2Rγnull mouse xenograft model. Finally, we showed that dual targeting of TLR9 and Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) was strongly synergistic (median combination index, 0.2 at half maximal effective dose), which highlights the distinct role for TLR9 signaling in CLL and the potential for combined targeting of TLR9 and BTK as a more effective treatment strategy in this incurable disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emma Kennedy
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Falmer, United Kingdom
| | - Eve Coulter
- Centre for Genomics and Computational Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Haemato-Oncology, Division of Cancer Studies, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Emma Halliwell
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nuria Profitos-Peleja
- Lymphoma Translational Group, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute, Badalona, Spain
| | - Elisabeth Walsby
- Cardiff CLL Research Group, Institute of Cancer & Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Barnaby Clark
- Molecular Pathology Laboratory, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth H Phillips
- Department of Haemato-Oncology, Division of Cancer Studies, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas A Burley
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Falmer, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Mitchell
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Falmer, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen Devereux
- Department of Haemato-Oncology, Division of Cancer Studies, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher D Fegan
- Cardiff CLL Research Group, Institute of Cancer & Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher I Jones
- Department of Primary Care and Public Health, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Falmer, United Kingdom
| | - Rosalynd Johnston
- Department of Haematology, Brighton and Sussex University Hospital Trust, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - Tim Chevassut
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Falmer, United Kingdom
- Department of Haematology, Brighton and Sussex University Hospital Trust, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - Ralph Schulz
- German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Angelo Agathanggelou
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom; and
| | - Ceri Oldreive
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom; and
| | - Nicholas Davies
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom; and
| | - Tatjana Stankovic
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom; and
| | - Triantafillos Liloglou
- Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Chris Pepper
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Falmer, United Kingdom
| | - Andrea G S Pepper
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Falmer, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Bruton's Tyrosine Kinase Targeting in Multiple Myeloma. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115707. [PMID: 34071917 PMCID: PMC8198777 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM), a clonal plasma cell disorder, disrupts the bones’ hematopoiesis and microenvironment homeostasis and ability to mediate an immune response against malignant clones. Despite prominent survival improvement with newer treatment modalities since the 2000s, MM is still considered a non-curable disease. Patients experience disease recurrence episodes with clonal evolution, and with each relapse disease comes back with a more aggressive phenotype. Bruton’s Tyrosine Kinase (BTK) has been a major target for B cell clonal disorders and its role in clonal plasma cell disorders is under active investigation. BTK is a cytosolic kinase which plays a major role in the immune system and its related malignancies. The BTK pathway has been shown to provide survival for malignant clone and multiple myeloma stem cells (MMSCs). BTK also regulates the malignant clones’ interaction with the bone marrow microenvironment. Hence, BTK inhibition is a promising therapeutic strategy for MM patients. In this review, the role of BTK and its signal transduction pathways are outlined in the context of MM.
Collapse
|
17
|
Ghobadi MZ, Izadi S, Teymoori-Rad M, Farahmand M, Mozhgani SH, Labbaf N, Shokri F, Marashi SM. Potential role of viral infection and B cells as a linker between innate and adaptive immune response in systemic lupus erythematosus. Immunol Res 2021; 69:196-204. [PMID: 33786699 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-021-09186-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease that involves several organ systems. Although B cells play a key role in SLE pathogenesis, the mechanisms behind B cell dysregulation in SLE development remained controversial. Finding the modules containing highly co-expressed genes in B cells could explain biological pathways involved in the pathogenesis of SLE, which may further support the reasons for the altered function of B cells in SLE disease. A total of three microarray gene expression datasets were downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus. SLE samples were prepared from the purified B lymphocyte cells of the patients who have not received immunosuppressive drugs as well as high dose immunocytotoxic therapies or steroids. A weighted gene co-expression network was then constructed to find the relevant modules implicated in the SLE progression. Among 17 identified modules, 3 modules were selected through mapping to STRING and finding the ones that had highly connection at the protein level. These modules clearly indicate the involvement of several pathways in the pathogenesis of SLE including viral infection, adaptive immune response, and innate immune response in B lymphocytes. The WGCN analysis further revealed the co-expressed genes involved in both innate and adaptive immune systems. Mix infections and primary immunodeficiency might also dysregulate B lymphocytes, which may facilitate SLE development. As such, identifying novel biomarkers and pathways in lupus would be of importance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohadeseh Zarei Ghobadi
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 14155-6446, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shima Izadi
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 14155-6446, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Teymoori-Rad
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 14155-6446, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Farahmand
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 14155-6446, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sayed-Hamidreza Mozhgani
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.,Non‑Communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Negar Labbaf
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 14155-6446, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fazel Shokri
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sayed Mahdi Marashi
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 14155-6446, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Tran DN, Go SM, Park SM, Jung EM, Jeung EB. Loss of Nckx3 Exacerbates Experimental DSS-Induced Colitis in Mice through p53/NF-κB Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22052645. [PMID: 33807999 PMCID: PMC7961925 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) comprises a range of chronic inflammatory conditions of the intestinal tract. The incidence and prevalence of IBDs are increasing worldwide, but the precise etiology of these diseases is not completely understood. Calcium signaling plays a regulatory role in cellular proliferation. Nckx3, a potassium-dependent Na+/Ca2+ exchanger, is not only expressed in the brain but also in the aortic, uterine, and intestinal tissues, which contain abundant smooth muscle cells. This study investigated the role of Nckx3 in intestinal inflammation. Microarray analyses revealed the upregulation of the innate immune response-associated genes in the duodenum of Nckx3 knockout (KO) mice. The Nckx3 KO mice also showed an increase in IBD- and tumorigenesis-related genes. Using dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced experimental colitis mice models, the Nckx3 KO mice showed severe colitis. Furthermore, the pathways involving p53 and NF-κB signaling were significantly upregulated by the absence of Nckx3. Overall, Nckx3 plays a critical role in the innate immune and immune response and may be central to the pathogenesis of IBD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dinh Nam Tran
- Laboratory of Veterinary Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Veterinary Medical Center and College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28644, Korea; (D.N.T.); (S.M.G.); (S.-M.P.)
| | - Seon Myeong Go
- Laboratory of Veterinary Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Veterinary Medical Center and College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28644, Korea; (D.N.T.); (S.M.G.); (S.-M.P.)
| | - Seon-Mi Park
- Laboratory of Veterinary Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Veterinary Medical Center and College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28644, Korea; (D.N.T.); (S.M.G.); (S.-M.P.)
| | - Eui-Man Jung
- Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Department of Molecular Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University, Busandaehang-ro, 63beon-gil 2, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 46241, Korea;
| | - Eui-Bae Jeung
- Laboratory of Veterinary Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Veterinary Medical Center and College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28644, Korea; (D.N.T.); (S.M.G.); (S.-M.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-43-261-2397; Fax: +82-43-267-3150
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Nündel K, Mande P, Moses SL, Busto P, Cullen JL, Schmidt MR, Shlomchik MJ, Woodland RT, Marshak-Rothstein A. Cross-Reactive Antigen Expressed by B6 Splenocytes Drives Receptor Editing and Marginal Zone Differentiation of IgG2a-Reactive AM14 Vκ8 B Cells. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2019; 203:2055-2062. [PMID: 31534009 PMCID: PMC7078032 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1900499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The AM14 BCR, derived from an autoimmune MRL/lpr mouse, binds autologous IgG2aa/j with low affinity, and as a result, AM14 B cells only proliferate in response to IgG2a immune complexes that incorporate DNA, RNA, or nucleic acid-binding proteins that serve as autoadjuvants. As such, AM14 B cells have served as a useful model for demonstrating the importance of BCR/TLR coengagement in the activation of autoreactive B cells. We now show that the same receptor recognizes an additional murine-encoded Ag, expressed by B6 splenocytes, with sufficient avidity to induce a TLR-independent proliferative response of BALB/c AM14 Vκ8 B cells both in vivo and in vitro. Moreover, detection of this cross-reactive Ag by B6 AM14 Vκ8 B cells promotes an anergic phenotype as reflected by suboptimal responses to BCR cross-linking and the absence of mature B cells in the bone marrow. The B6 Ag further impacts B cell development as shown by a dramatically expanded marginal zone compartment and extensive receptor editing in B6 AM14 Vκ8 mice but not BALB/c AM14 Vκ8 mice. Despite their anergic phenotypes, B6 AM14 Vκ8 B cells can respond robustly to autoantigen/autoadjuvant immune complexes and could therefore participate in both autoimmune responses and host defense.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Nündel
- Dept. of Medicine, University of Massachusetts School of Medicine, Worcester, MA 01605
| | - Purvi Mande
- Dept. of Medicine, University of Massachusetts School of Medicine, Worcester, MA 01605
| | - Stephanie L. Moses
- Dept. of Medicine, University of Massachusetts School of Medicine, Worcester, MA 01605
| | - Patricia Busto
- Dept. of Medicine, University of Massachusetts School of Medicine, Worcester, MA 01605
| | - Jaime L. Cullen
- Dept. of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510
| | - Madelyn R. Schmidt
- Dept. of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts School of Medicine, Worcester, MA 01605
| | | | - Robert T. Woodland
- Dept. of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts School of Medicine, Worcester, MA 01605
| | - Ann Marshak-Rothstein
- Dept. of Medicine, University of Massachusetts School of Medicine, Worcester, MA 01605
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Jiang L, Li L, Ruan Y, Zuo S, Wu X, Zhao Q, Xing Y, Zhao X, Xia S, Bai R, Du X, Liu N, Ma CS. Ibrutinib promotes atrial fibrillation by inducing structural remodeling and calcium dysregulation in the atrium. Heart Rhythm 2019; 16:1374-1382. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2019.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
21
|
Mácsik-Valent B, Nagy K, Fazekas L, Erdei A. Complement Receptor Type 1 (CR1, CD35), the Inhibitor of BCR-Mediated Human B Cell Activation, Differentially Regulates TLR7, and TLR9 Induced Responses. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1493. [PMID: 31312202 PMCID: PMC6614493 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The complement system and Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are essential contributors of innate immunity. Separate activation of these systems has been shown to play a role in initiating and shaping the adaptive immune response, however the modulation of various B cell functions by the simultaneous involvement of these two systems has not yet been uncovered. We demonstrate here that occupancy of complement receptor type 1 (CR1, CD35) by its natural, complement component C3-derived ligand significantly and dose dependently reduces the TLR9-induced expression of activation markers, cytokine production, proliferation, and antibody production by human B cells, but has no effect on the TLR7-induced functions. The synergistic response to the simultaneous engagement of either TLR9 or TLR7 along with the BCR however, is significantly inhibited by CR1 occupancy. Our findings imply that both under physiological and pathological conditions, when complement- and TLR-activating microbial and damage products are present in the B cell environment, the cooperation between CR1 and TLR7 or TLR9 provides additional levels of the regulation of human B cell functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Katinka Nagy
- MTA-ELTE Immunology Research Group, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - László Fazekas
- Department of Immunology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Anna Erdei
- MTA-ELTE Immunology Research Group, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary.,Department of Immunology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Rip J, de Bruijn MJW, Appelman MK, Pal Singh S, Hendriks RW, Corneth OBJ. Toll-Like Receptor Signaling Drives Btk-Mediated Autoimmune Disease. Front Immunol 2019; 10:95. [PMID: 30761150 PMCID: PMC6363707 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Bruton's tyrosine kinase (Btk) is a signaling molecule involved in development and activation of B cells through B-cell receptor (BCR) and Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling. We have previously shown that transgenic mice that overexpress human Btk under the control of the CD19 promoter (CD19-hBtk) display spontaneous germinal center formation, increased cytokine production, anti-nuclear autoantibodies (ANAs), and systemic autoimsmune disease upon aging. As TLR and BCR signaling are both implicated in autoimmunity, we studied their impact on splenic B cells. Using phosphoflow cytometry, we observed that phosphorylation of ribosomal protein S6, a downstream Akt target, was increased in CD19-hBtk B cells following BCR stimulation or combined BCR/TLR stimulation, when compared with wild-type (WT) B cells. The CD19-hBtk transgene enhanced BCR-induced B cell survival and proliferation, but had an opposite effect following TLR9 or combined BCR/TLR9 stimulation. Although the expression of TLR9 was reduced in CD19-hBtk B cells compared to WT B cells, a synergistic effect of TLR9 and BCR stimulation on the induction of CD25 and CD80 was observed in CD19-hBtk B cells. In splenic follicular (Fol) and marginal zone (MZ) B cells from aging CD19-hBtk mice BCR signaling stimulated in vitro IL-10 production in synergy with TLR4 and particularly TLR9 stimulation, but not with TLR3 and TLR7. The enhanced capacity of CD19-hBtk Fol B cells to produce the pro-inflammatory cytokines IFNγ and IL-6 compared with WT B cells was however not further increased following in vitro BCR or TLR9 stimulation. Finally, we used crosses with mice deficient for the TLR-associated molecule myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (MyD88) to show that TLR signaling was crucial for spontaneous formation of germinal centers, increased IFNγ, and IL-6 production by B cells and anti-nuclear autoantibody induction in CD19-hBtk mice. Taken together, we conclude that high Btk expression does not only increase B cell survival following BCR stimulation, but also renders B cells more sensitive to TLR stimulation, resulting in increased expression of CD80, and IL-10 in activated B cells. Although BCR-TLR interplay is complex, our findings show that both signaling pathways are crucial for the development of pathology in a Btk-dependent model for systemic autoimmune disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jasper Rip
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus MC Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | | | | | - Simar Pal Singh
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus MC Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Rudi W Hendriks
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus MC Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Odilia B J Corneth
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus MC Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Dichotomous Toll-like receptor responses in chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients under ibrutinib treatment. Leukemia 2019; 33:1030-1051. [PMID: 30607020 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-018-0335-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Revised: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
24
|
Abstract
Purpose of Review: The standard treatment options for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) are focused on non-specific immunosuppression. Over the past few years, scientific studies and ongoing clinical trials have shifted the paradigm with rapid advances in developing biologics and small molecules. A number of monoclonal antibodies and small molecule inhibitors have been developed to target specific pathways involved in SLE. Many of these novel therapeutic agents are already being tested in clinical trials and they may 1 day reshape the landscape of SLE treatment. Herein we review potential future therapeutic options for SLE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Milena Vukelic
- Division of Rheumatology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Yi Li
- Division of Rheumatology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Vasileios C Kyttaris
- Division of Rheumatology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Satterthwaite AB. Bruton's Tyrosine Kinase, a Component of B Cell Signaling Pathways, Has Multiple Roles in the Pathogenesis of Lupus. Front Immunol 2018; 8:1986. [PMID: 29403475 PMCID: PMC5786522 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease characterized by the loss of adaptive immune tolerance to nucleic acid-containing antigens. The resulting autoantibodies form immune complexes that promote inflammation and tissue damage. Defining the signals that drive pathogenic autoantibody production is an important step in the development of more targeted therapeutic approaches for lupus, which is currently treated primarily with non-specific immunosuppression. Here, we review the contribution of Bruton’s tyrosine kinase (Btk), a component of B and myeloid cell signaling pathways, to disease in murine lupus models. Both gain- and loss-of-function genetic studies have revealed that Btk plays multiple roles in the production of autoantibodies. These include promoting the activation, plasma cell differentiation, and class switching of autoreactive B cells. Small molecule inhibitors of Btk are effective at reducing autoantibody levels, B cell activation, and kidney damage in several lupus models. These studies suggest that Btk may promote end-organ damage both by facilitating the production of autoantibodies and by mediating the inflammatory response of myeloid cells to these immune complexes. While Btk has not been associated with SLE in GWAS studies, SLE B cells display signaling defects in components both upstream and downstream of Btk consistent with enhanced activation of Btk signaling pathways. Taken together, these observations indicate that limiting Btk activity is critical for maintaining B cell tolerance and preventing the development of autoimmune disease. Btk inhibitors, generally well-tolerated and approved to treat B cell malignancy, may thus be a useful therapeutic approach for SLE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne B Satterthwaite
- Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States.,Department of Immunology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) still depends on non-specific immunosuppression. Herein, we review promising targeted therapies that have the potential to change this therapeutic paradigm. RECENT FINDINGS Besides the FDA-approved B lymphocyte stimulator (BLyS) inhibitor, belimumab, interferon-α represents a promising treatment target, albeit with modest effectiveness primarily in non-renal SLE. Preclinical and early-phase clinical trials using biologics and small molecules targeting B and T cell activation as well as the cross-talk between these cells also show promise. BLyS and interferon targeting show the most promising results in challenging the current treatment status in non-renal SLE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vasileios C Kyttaris
- Division of Rheumatology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Ave, CLS-936, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Long M, Beckwith K, Do P, Mundy BL, Gordon A, Lehman AM, Maddocks KJ, Cheney C, Jones JA, Flynn JM, Andritsos LA, Awan F, Fraietta JA, June CH, Maus MV, Woyach JA, Caligiuri MA, Johnson AJ, Muthusamy N, Byrd JC. Ibrutinib treatment improves T cell number and function in CLL patients. J Clin Invest 2017; 127:3052-3064. [PMID: 28714866 DOI: 10.1172/jci89756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 258] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ibrutinib has been shown to have immunomodulatory effects by inhibiting Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) and IL-2-inducible T cell kinase (ITK). The relative importance of inhibiting these 2 kinases has not been examined despite its relevance to immune-based therapies. METHODS Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) patients on clinical trials of ibrutinib (BTK/ITK inhibitor; n = 19) or acalabrutinib (selective BTK inhibitor; n = 13) were collected serially. T cell phenotype, immune function, and CLL cell immunosuppressive capacity were evaluated. RESULTS Ibrutinib markedly increased CD4+ and CD8+ T cell numbers in CLL patients. This effect was more prominent in effector/effector memory subsets and was not observed with acalabrutinib. Ex vivo studies demonstrated that this may be due to diminished activation-induced cell death through ITK inhibition. PD-1 and CTLA-4 expression was significantly markedly reduced in T cells by both agents. While the number of Treg cells remained unchanged, the ratio of these to conventional CD4+ T cells was reduced with ibrutinib, but not acalabrutinib. Both agents reduced expression of the immunosuppressive molecules CD200 and BTLA as well as IL-10 production by CLL cells. CONCLUSIONS Ibrutinib treatment increased the in vivo persistence of activated T cells, decreased the Treg/CD4+ T cell ratio, and diminished the immune-suppressive properties of CLL cells through BTK-dependent and -independent mechanisms. These features provide a strong rationale for combination immunotherapy approaches with ibrutinib in CLL and other cancers. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01589302 and NCT02029443. Samples described here were collected per OSU-0025. FUNDING The National Cancer Institute.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meixiao Long
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Kyle Beckwith
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, The Ohio State University
| | - Priscilla Do
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, The Ohio State University
| | - Bethany L Mundy
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Amber Gordon
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Amy M Lehman
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,Center for Biostatistics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Kami J Maddocks
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Carolyn Cheney
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Jones
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Joseph M Flynn
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Leslie A Andritsos
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Farrukh Awan
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Joseph A Fraietta
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Carl H June
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Marcela V Maus
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jennifer A Woyach
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Michael A Caligiuri
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Amy J Johnson
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Natarajan Muthusamy
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - John C Byrd
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Mediation of transitional B cell maturation in the absence of functional Bruton's tyrosine kinase. Sci Rep 2017; 7:46029. [PMID: 28378771 PMCID: PMC5380950 DOI: 10.1038/srep46029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
X-linked immune-deficient (Xid) mice, carrying a mutation in Bruton’s tyrosine kinase (Btk), have multiple B cell lineage differentiation defects. We now show that, while Xid mice showed only mild reduction in the frequency of the late transitional (T2) stage of peripheral B cells, the defect became severe when the Xid genotype was combined with either a CD40-null, a TCRbeta-null or an MHC class II (MHCII)-null genotype. Purified Xid T1 and T2 B cells survived poorly in vitro compared to wild-type (WT) cells. BAFF rescued WT but not Xid T1 and T2 B cells from death in culture, while CD40 ligation equivalently rescued both. Xid transitional B cells ex vivo showed low levels of the p100 protein substrate for non-canonical NF-kappaB signalling. In vitro, CD40 ligation induced equivalent activation of the canonical but not of the non-canonical NF-kappaB pathway in Xid and WT T1 and T2 B cells. CD40 ligation efficiently rescued p100-null T1 B cells from neglect-induced death in vitro. These data indicate that CD40-mediated signals, likely from CD4 T cells, can mediate peripheral transitional B cell maturation independent of Btk and the non-canonical NF-kappaB pathway, and thus contribute to the understanding of the complexities of peripheral B cell maturation.
Collapse
|
29
|
Heterogeneity of Toll-like receptor 9 signaling in B cell malignancies and its potential therapeutic application. J Transl Med 2017; 15:51. [PMID: 28241765 PMCID: PMC5329966 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-017-1152-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) is expressed in a variety of B-cell malignancies and works as a bridge between innate and adaptive immunity. CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG ODNs), TLR9 agonists, are able to induce anticancer immune responses and exert direct effects against cancer cells, serving as cancer therapeutic agents. Therefore, TLR9 might be a potential therapeutic target for drug development. However, several new evidences have revealed that direct effects of TLR9 agonists on B-cell malignancies is controversial. For example, CpG ODNs can induce apoptosis in certain type of chronic lymphocytic leukemia and lymphoma cells, while induce proliferation in multiple myeloma and other types of lymphoma cells. In this review, we summarize current understanding of the heterogeneity in responses of normal and malignant B cells to TLR9 agonists, due to differences in TLR9 expression levels, genetic alterations (such as MyD88 mutation), and signaling pathway activation. Especially, the downstream molecules of NF-κB signaling pathway play an important role in the heterogeneous response. In order to provide possibilities for therapeutic manipulation of TLR9 agonists in the treatment of these disorders, the preclinical and clinical advances in using CpG ODNs alone and in combination therapies are also summarized in this review.
Collapse
|
30
|
Hess NJ, Jiang S, Li X, Guan Y, Tapping RI. TLR10 Is a B Cell Intrinsic Suppressor of Adaptive Immune Responses. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 198:699-707. [PMID: 27956526 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1601335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Toll-like receptors play a central role in the initiation of adaptive immune responses with several TLR agonists acting as known B cell mitogens. Despite thousands of publications on TLRs, the function of TLR10 remains unknown. We have found that Ab-mediated engagement of TLR10 on primary human B cells suppresses B cell proliferation, cytokine production, and signal transduction. When challenged with either a T independent or T dependent Ag, TLR10 transgenic mice exhibit diminished Ab responses. Adoptive transfer of splenic B cells into B cell-deficient mice revealed that the suppressive effects on Ag-specific humoral immune responses are entirely B cell intrinsic. Our results demonstrate that TLR10 has a functional role within the B cell lineage that is distinct from that of other TLR family members and may provide a potential therapeutic target for diseases characterized by dysregulated B cell activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J Hess
- Department of Microbiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801; and
| | - Song Jiang
- Department of Microbiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801; and.,College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
| | - Xinyan Li
- Department of Microbiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801; and
| | - Yue Guan
- Department of Microbiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801; and
| | - Richard I Tapping
- Department of Microbiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801; and .,College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Cea M, Cagnetta A, Acharya C, Acharya P, Tai YT, Yang C, Lovera D, Soncini D, Miglino M, Fraternali-Orcioni G, Mastracci L, Nencioni A, Montecucco F, Monacelli F, Ballestrero A, Hideshima T, Chauhan D, Gobbi M, Lemoli RM, Munshi N, Treon SP, Anderson KC. Dual NAMPT and BTK Targeting Leads to Synergistic Killing of Waldenström Macroglobulinemia Cells Regardless of MYD88 and CXCR4 Somatic Mutation Status. Clin Cancer Res 2016; 22:6099-6109. [PMID: 27287071 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-16-0630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Revised: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (Nampt) regulates intracellular NAD+ pool and is highly expressed in a number of malignancies. FK866, a selective inhibitor of Nampt, depletes intracellular NAD+ levels, thereby blocking cellular metabolism and triggering sensitization to other drugs and cell death. Here we characterized the antitumor effects of Nampt inhibition in Waldenström macroglobulinemia. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We investigated Nampt role in MW cells using both mRNA and protein expression analyses. We have also used loss-of-function approaches to investigate the growth and survival effects of Nampt on MW cells and further tested the anti-MW activity of dual Nampt and BTK inhibition in vitro and in vivo RESULTS: We found that Waldenström macroglobulinemia cells exhibit high levels of Nampt compared with normal B cells. Loss of function studies suggested a potential oncogenic role of Nampt in Waldenström macroglobulinemia cells, and BTK-inhibitor ibrutinib and FK866 resulted in a significant and synergistic anti-Waldenström macroglobulinemia cell death, regardless of MYD88 and CXCR4 mutational status. Cell death was associated with: (i) activation of caspase-3, PARP and downregulation of Mcl-1, (ii) enhanced intracellular ATP and NAD+ depletion, (iii) inhibition of NF-κB signaling, and (iv) inhibition of multiple prosurvival signaling pathways. In a murine xenograft Waldenström macroglobulinemia model, low-dose combination FK866 and ibrutinib is well tolerated, significantly inhibits tumor growth, and prolongs host survival. CONCLUSIONS Our results show intracellular NAD+ level as crucial for proliferation and survival of Waldenström macroglobulinemia cells, and provides the mechanistic preclinical rationale for targeting Nampt, either alone or with Ibrutinib, to overcome drug resistance and improve patient outcome in Waldenström macroglobulinemia. Clin Cancer Res; 22(24); 6099-109. ©2016 AACR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michele Cea
- LeBow Institute for Myeloma Therapeutics and Jerome Lipper Center for Multiple Myeloma Research, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. .,Department of Medicine (DiMI), University of Genoa, AOU, I.R.C.C.S. San Martino-IST, Genova, Italy
| | - Antonia Cagnetta
- LeBow Institute for Myeloma Therapeutics and Jerome Lipper Center for Multiple Myeloma Research, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Medicine (DiMI), University of Genoa, AOU, I.R.C.C.S. San Martino-IST, Genova, Italy
| | - Chirag Acharya
- LeBow Institute for Myeloma Therapeutics and Jerome Lipper Center for Multiple Myeloma Research, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Prakrati Acharya
- Mount Auburn Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Yu-Tzu Tai
- LeBow Institute for Myeloma Therapeutics and Jerome Lipper Center for Multiple Myeloma Research, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Cao Yang
- Bing Center for Waldenstrom's Macroglobulinemia, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Davide Lovera
- Department of Medicine (DiMI), University of Genoa, AOU, I.R.C.C.S. San Martino-IST, Genova, Italy
| | - Debora Soncini
- Department of Medicine (DiMI), University of Genoa, AOU, I.R.C.C.S. San Martino-IST, Genova, Italy
| | - Maurizio Miglino
- Department of Medicine (DiMI), University of Genoa, AOU, I.R.C.C.S. San Martino-IST, Genova, Italy
| | | | - Luca Mastracci
- Department of Surgical and Diagnostic Sciences (DISC), Pathology Unit, University of Genoa and IRCCS AUO S. Martino-IST, Genova, Italy
| | - Alessio Nencioni
- Department of Medicine (DiMI), University of Genoa, AOU, I.R.C.C.S. San Martino-IST, Genova, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Montecucco
- Department of Medicine (DiMI), University of Genoa, AOU, I.R.C.C.S. San Martino-IST, Genova, Italy
| | - Fiammetta Monacelli
- Department of Medicine (DiMI), University of Genoa, AOU, I.R.C.C.S. San Martino-IST, Genova, Italy
| | - Alberto Ballestrero
- Department of Medicine (DiMI), University of Genoa, AOU, I.R.C.C.S. San Martino-IST, Genova, Italy
| | - Teru Hideshima
- LeBow Institute for Myeloma Therapeutics and Jerome Lipper Center for Multiple Myeloma Research, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Dharminder Chauhan
- LeBow Institute for Myeloma Therapeutics and Jerome Lipper Center for Multiple Myeloma Research, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Marco Gobbi
- Department of Medicine (DiMI), University of Genoa, AOU, I.R.C.C.S. San Martino-IST, Genova, Italy
| | - Roberto M Lemoli
- Department of Medicine (DiMI), University of Genoa, AOU, I.R.C.C.S. San Martino-IST, Genova, Italy
| | - Nikhil Munshi
- LeBow Institute for Myeloma Therapeutics and Jerome Lipper Center for Multiple Myeloma Research, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Steven P Treon
- Bing Center for Waldenstrom's Macroglobulinemia, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kenneth C Anderson
- LeBow Institute for Myeloma Therapeutics and Jerome Lipper Center for Multiple Myeloma Research, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Toll-like receptors and chronic inflammation in rheumatic diseases: new developments. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2016; 12:344-57. [PMID: 27170508 DOI: 10.1038/nrrheum.2016.61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
In the past few years, new developments have been reported on the role of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) in chronic inflammation in rheumatic diseases. The inhibitory function of TLR10 has been demonstrated. Receptors that enhance the function of TLRs, and several TLR inhibitors, have been identified. In addition, the role of the microbiome and TLRs in the onset of rheumatic diseases has been reported. We review novel insights on the role of TLRs in several inflammatory joint diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, gout and Lyme arthritis, with a focus on the signalling mechanisms mediated by the Toll-IL-1 receptor (TIR) domain, the exogenous and endogenous ligands of TLRs, and the current and future therapeutic strategies to target TLR signalling in rheumatic diseases.
Collapse
|
33
|
Eriksen AB, Torgersen ML, Holm KL, Abrahamsen G, Spurkland A, Moskaug JØ, Simonsen A, Blomhoff HK. Retinoic acid-induced IgG production in TLR-activated human primary B cells involves ULK1-mediated autophagy. Autophagy 2016; 11:460-71. [PMID: 25749095 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2015.1009797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study we have established a vital role of autophagy in retinoic acid (RA)-induced differentiation of toll-like receptor (TLR)-stimulated human B cells into Ig-secreting cells. Thus, RA enhanced autophagy in TLR9- and CD180-stimulated peripheral blood B cells, as revealed by increased levels of the autophagosomal marker LC3B-II, enhanced colocalization between LC3B and the lysosomal marker Lyso-ID, by a larger percentage of cells with more than 5 characteristic LC3B puncta, and by the concomitant reduction in the level of SQSTM1/p62. Furthermore, RA induced expression of the autophagy-inducing protein ULK1 at the transcriptional level, in a process that required the retinoic acid receptor RAR. By inhibiting autophagy with specific inhibitors or by knocking down ULK1 by siRNA, the RA-stimulated IgG production in TLR9- and CD180-mediated cells was markedly reduced. We propose that the identified prominent role of autophagy in RA-mediated IgG-production in normal human B cells provides a novel mechanism whereby vitamin A exerts its important functions in the immune system.
Collapse
Key Words
- ATG, autophagy-related
- B lymphocytes
- BDS, bright detail similarity
- CD180
- CD180, CD180 molecule
- CVID, common variable immune deficiency
- ELISA, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
- IL, interleukin
- Ig, immunoglobulin
- MAP1LC3B/LC3B, microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 β
- MTOR, mechanistic target of rapamycin (serine/threonine kinase)
- PAMP, pathogen-associated molecular pattern, PML/RARA, promyelocytic leukemia/ retinoic acid receptor α
- RA, all-trans retinoic acid
- RAR, retinoic acid receptor
- RP105
- SQSTM1, sequestosome 1
- TLR, toll-like receptor
- TLR9
- ULK1
- ULK1, unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase 1
- antibody secretion
- autophagy
- plasma cell differentiation
- retinoic acid
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Agnete Bratsberg Eriksen
- a Department of Biochemistry ; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences; University of Oslo ; Oslo , Norway
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Tang S, Chen T, Yang M, Wang L, Yu Z, Xie B, Qian C, Xu S, Li N, Cao X, Wang J. Extracellular calcium elicits feedforward regulation of the Toll-like receptor-triggered innate immune response. Cell Mol Immunol 2015; 14:180-191. [PMID: 26277896 DOI: 10.1038/cmi.2015.59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2015] [Revised: 05/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the expanding knowledge on feedback regulation of Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling, the feedforward regulation of TLR signaling for the proper innate response to invading microbes is not fully understood. Here, we report that extracellular calcium can coordinate the activation of the small GTPases Ras and Ras-proximate-1 (Rap1) upon TLR stimulation which favors activation of macrophages through a feedforward mechanism. We show that different doses of TLR agonists can trigger different levels of cytokine production, which can be potentiated by extracellular calcium but are impaired by the chelating reagent ethylene glycol tetraacetic acid (EGTA) or by knockdown of stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1). Upon TLR engagement, GTP-bound Ras levels are increased and GTP-bound Rap1 is decreased, which can be reversed by EGTA-mediated removal of extracellular calcium. Furthermore, we demonstrate that Rap1 knockdown rescues the inhibitory effects of EGTA on the TLR-triggered innate response. Examination of the TLR signaling pathway reveals that extracellular calcium may regulate the TLR response via feedforward activation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase signaling pathway. Our data suggest that an influx of extracellular calcium, mediated by STIM1-operated calcium channels, may transmit the information about the intensity of extracellular TLR stimuli to initiate innate responses at an appropriate level. Our study may provide mechanistic insight into the feedforward regulation of the TLR-triggered innate immune response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Songqing Tang
- Institute of Immunology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China.,National Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology & Institute of Immunology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Taoyong Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology & Institute of Immunology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Mingjin Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology & Institute of Immunology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.,National Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology & Department of Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Lei Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology & Department of Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Zhou Yu
- Institute of Immunology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Bin Xie
- Institute of Immunology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China.,National Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology & Institute of Immunology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Cheng Qian
- National Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology & Institute of Immunology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Sheng Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology & Institute of Immunology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Nan Li
- National Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology & Institute of Immunology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xuetao Cao
- Institute of Immunology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China.,National Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology & Institute of Immunology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.,National Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology & Department of Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Jianli Wang
- Institute of Immunology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Kremlitzka M, Mácsik-Valent B, Erdei A. Syk is indispensable for CpG-induced activation and differentiation of human B cells. Cell Mol Life Sci 2015; 72:2223-36. [PMID: 25543269 PMCID: PMC11113211 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-014-1806-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Revised: 11/21/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
B cells are efficiently activated by CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) to produce pro-inflammatory cytokines and antibody (Ab). Here, we describe a so far unidentified, spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk)-dependent pathway, which is indispensable for CpG-induced human B cell activation. We show that triggering of B cells by CpG results in Syk and src kinase phosphorylation, proliferation, as well as cytokine and Ab production independent of the BCR. Notably, all these functions are abrogated when Syk is inhibited. We demonstrate that CpG-induced Syk activation originates from the cell surface in a TLR9-dependent manner. While inhibition of Syk does not influence the uptake of CpG ODNs, activation of the kinase is a prerequisite for the delivery of CpG into TLR9-containing endolysosomes and for the CpG-induced up-regulation of TLR9 expression. Our results reveal an alternative, Syk-dependent pathway of CpG-induced B cell stimulation, which is initiated at the plasma membrane and seems to be an upstream requirement for endosomal TLR9-driven B cell proliferation and differentiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Bernadett Mácsik-Valent
- Department of Immunology, Eötvös Loránd University, 1117 Budapest Pázmány s. 1/c, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Anna Erdei
- Department of Immunology, Eötvös Loránd University, 1117 Budapest Pázmány s. 1/c, Budapest, Hungary
- MTA-ELTE Immunology Research Group, Budapest, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Yang Y, Shi J, Gu Z, Salama ME, Das S, Wendlandt E, Xu H, Huang J, Tao Y, Hao M, Franqui R, Levasseur D, Janz S, Tricot G, Zhan F. Bruton tyrosine kinase is a therapeutic target in stem-like cells from multiple myeloma. Cancer Res 2015; 75:594-604. [PMID: 25589346 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-14-2362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Ibrutinib (Imbruvica), a small-drug inhibitor of Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK), is currently undergoing clinical testing in patients with multiple myeloma, yet important questions on the role of BTK in myeloma biology and treatment are outstanding. Using flow-sorted side population cells from human myeloma cell lines and multiple myeloma primary samples as surrogate for the elusive multiple myeloma stem cell, we found that elevated expression of BTK in myeloma cells leads to AKT/WNT/β-catenin-dependent upregulation of key stemness genes (OCT4, SOX2, NANOG, and MYC) and enhanced self-renewal. Enforced transgenic expression of BTK in myeloma cells increased features of cancer stemness, including clonogenicity and resistance to widely used myeloma drugs, whereas inducible knockdown of BTK abolished them. Furthermore, overexpression of BTK in myeloma cells promoted tumor growth in laboratory mice and rendered side population-derived tumors that contained high levels of BTK more sensitive to the selective, second-generation BTK inhibitor, CGI1746, than side population-derived tumors that harbored low levels of BTK. Taken together, these findings implicate BTK as a positive regulator of myeloma stemness and provide additional support for the clinical testing of BTK-targeted therapies in patients with myeloma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ye Yang
- Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Iowa Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Jumei Shi
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhimin Gu
- Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Iowa Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Mohamed E Salama
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, and Associated Regional University Pathologists (ARUP) Laboratories, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Satyabrata Das
- Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Iowa Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Erik Wendlandt
- Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Iowa Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Hongwei Xu
- Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Iowa Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Junwei Huang
- Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Iowa Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Yi Tao
- Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Iowa Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Mu Hao
- Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Iowa Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Reinaldo Franqui
- Interdisciplinary Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Dana Levasseur
- Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Iowa Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Siegfried Janz
- Department of Pathology, The University of Iowa Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Guido Tricot
- Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Iowa Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa.
| | - Fenghuang Zhan
- Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Iowa Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa. Interdisciplinary Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Corneth OBJ, Klein Wolterink RGJ, Hendriks RW. BTK Signaling in B Cell Differentiation and Autoimmunity. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2015; 393:67-105. [PMID: 26341110 DOI: 10.1007/82_2015_478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Since the original identification of Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) as the gene defective in the primary immunodeficiency X-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA) in 1993, our knowledge on the physiological function of BTK has expanded impressively. In this review, we focus on the role of BTK during B cell differentiation in vivo, both in the regulation of expansion and in the developmental progression of pre-B cells in the bone marrow and as a crucial signal transducer of signals downstream of the IgM or IgG B cell antigen receptor (BCR) in mature B cells governing proliferation, survival, and differentiation. In particular, we highlight BTK function in B cells in the context of host defense and autoimmunity. Small-molecule inhibitors of BTK have very recently shown impressive anti-tumor activity in clinical studies in patients with various B cell malignancies. Since promising effects of BTK inhibition were also seen in experimental animal models for lupus and rheumatoid arthritis, BTK may be a good target for controlling autoreactive B cells in patients with systemic autoimmune disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Odilia B J Corneth
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus MC Rotterdam, Room Ee2251a, PO Box 2040, NL 3000, CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Roel G J Klein Wolterink
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus MC Rotterdam, Room Ee2251a, PO Box 2040, NL 3000, CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rudi W Hendriks
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus MC Rotterdam, Room Ee2251a, PO Box 2040, NL 3000, CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Extracellular nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) promotes M2 macrophage polarization in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Blood 2015; 125:111-23. [DOI: 10.1182/blood-2014-07-589069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Key Points
CLL lymphocytes show high intracellular and extracellular NAMPT levels, further increased upon activation. eNAMPT prompts differentiation of CLL monocytes into M2 macrophages that sustain CLL survival and reduce T-cell proliferation.
Collapse
|
39
|
Shin J, Spatz M, Brandish P, Gervais F, Zhang-Hoover J, Leccese E, Hicks A. Development and pharmacological validation of novel methods of B cell activation in rat whole blood. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2014; 71:61-7. [PMID: 25545336 DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2014.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Revised: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 12/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Whole blood functional assays are pharmacologically relevant in the drug discovery process to evaluate potency in a relevant biological matrix, to support establishment of PK/PD relationships and to aid in human dose predictions. However development of B cell activation assays by BCR ligation in rat whole blood has not been previously described. The aim of the present study was to develop novel methods of B cell activation in rat whole blood. METHODS B cell activation in rat whole blood was evaluated by measuring CD86 up-regulation via flow cytometry. Rat B cells in whole blood were stimulated with dextran-coupled anti-IgD or a combination of anti-IgD and TLR9 agonist. BTK, SYK, and PI3Kδ inhibitors were added to rat whole blood prior to activation with dextran-coupled anti-IgD or anti-IgD and TLR9 agonist combination for pharmacological validation of the assay. RESULTS Both methods of stimulation in rat whole blood evoked robust B cell activation in a uni-modal fashion. Highly selective inhibitors of BTK, SYK, and PI3Kδ dose-dependently attenuated B cell activity evoked by both dextran-coupled anti-IgD and combined anti-IgD and TLR9 agonist. Compound potencies and rank order determined by the two assays were comparable. DISCUSSION Two novel methods were developed to stimulate B cells in rat whole blood, that have the potential to be used to support drug discovery efforts in the therapeutic targeting of B cells. Furthermore, we pharmacologically validated these whole blood assays using highly selective inhibitors of BTK, SYK, and PI3Kδ, signaling kinases which are downstream of the B cell receptor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John Shin
- Department of Immunology, Oncology & IMR, Merck Research Laboratories, 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Marianne Spatz
- Department of Genetics & Pharmacogenomics, Merck Research Laboratories, 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Philip Brandish
- Department of Immunology, Oncology & IMR, Merck Research Laboratories, 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Francois Gervais
- Department of Genetics & Pharmacogenomics, Merck Research Laboratories, 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jie Zhang-Hoover
- Department of In Vivo Pharmacology, Merck Research Laboratories, 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Erica Leccese
- Department of In Vivo Pharmacology, Merck Research Laboratories, 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Alexandra Hicks
- Department of Immunology, Oncology & IMR, Merck Research Laboratories, 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Bernard S, Danglade D, Gardano L, Laguillier C, Lazarian G, Roger C, Thieblemont C, Marzec J, Gribben J, Cymbalista F, Varin-Blank N, Ledoux D, Baran-Marszak F. Inhibitors of BCR signalling interrupt the survival signal mediated by the micro-environment in mantle cell lymphoma. Int J Cancer 2014; 136:2761-74. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2014] [Accepted: 10/27/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Bernard
- U978 Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale; Bobigny France
- Labex Inflamex, Université Paris 13; Sorbonne Paris Cité Bobigny France
- Service d'Hématologie Biologique, Hôpital Avicenne, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris; Bobigny France
| | - Damien Danglade
- Service d'Hématologie Biologique, Hôpital Avicenne, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris; Bobigny France
| | - Laura Gardano
- U978 Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale; Bobigny France
- Labex Inflamex, Université Paris 13; Sorbonne Paris Cité Bobigny France
| | - Christelle Laguillier
- Service de Biochimie, Hôpital Jean Verdier, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris; Bondy France
| | - Gregory Lazarian
- Service d'Hématologie Biologique, Hôpital Avicenne, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris; Bobigny France
| | - Claudine Roger
- Service d'Hématologie Biologique, Hôpital Avicenne, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris; Bobigny France
| | - Catherine Thieblemont
- Hématologie, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris; Paris France
| | - Jacek Marzec
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary, University of London; London United Kingdom
| | - John Gribben
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary, University of London; London United Kingdom
| | - Florence Cymbalista
- U978 Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale; Bobigny France
- Labex Inflamex, Université Paris 13; Sorbonne Paris Cité Bobigny France
- Service d'Hématologie Biologique, Hôpital Avicenne, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris; Bobigny France
| | - Nadine Varin-Blank
- U978 Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale; Bobigny France
- Labex Inflamex, Université Paris 13; Sorbonne Paris Cité Bobigny France
| | - Dominique Ledoux
- U978 Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale; Bobigny France
- Labex Inflamex, Université Paris 13; Sorbonne Paris Cité Bobigny France
| | - Fanny Baran-Marszak
- U978 Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale; Bobigny France
- Labex Inflamex, Université Paris 13; Sorbonne Paris Cité Bobigny France
- Service d'Hématologie Biologique, Hôpital Avicenne, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris; Bobigny France
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Szili D, Bankó Z, Tóth EA, Nagy G, Rojkovich B, Gáti T, Simon M, Hérincs Z, Sármay G. TGFβ activated kinase 1 (TAK1) at the crossroad of B cell receptor and Toll-like receptor 9 signaling pathways in human B cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e96381. [PMID: 24801688 PMCID: PMC4011794 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0096381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2013] [Accepted: 04/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
B cell development and activation are regulated by combined signals mediated by the B cell receptor (BCR), receptors for the B-cell activating factor of the tumor necrosis factor family (BAFF-R) and the innate receptor, Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9). However, the underlying mechanisms by which these signals cooperate in human B cells remain unclear. Our aim was to elucidate the key signaling molecules at the crossroads of BCR, BAFF-R and TLR9 mediated pathways and to follow the functional consequences of costimulation.Therefore we stimulated purified human B cells by combinations of anti-Ig, B-cell activating factor of the tumor necrosis factor family (BAFF) and the TLR9 agonist, CpG oligodeoxynucleotide. Phosphorylation status of various signaling molecules, B cell proliferation, cytokine secretion, plasma blast generation and the frequency of IgG producing cells were investigated. We have found that BCR induced signals cooperate with BAFF-R- and TLR9-mediated signals at different levels of cell activation. BCR and BAFF- as well as TLR9 and BAFF-mediated signals cooperate at NFκB activation, while BCR and TLR9 synergistically costimulate mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPKs), ERK, JNK and p38. We show here for the first time that the MAP3K7 (TGF beta activated kinase, TAK1) is responsible for the synergistic costimulation of B cells by BCR and TLR9, resulting in an enhanced cell proliferation, plasma blast generation, cytokine and antibody production. Specific inhibitor of TAK1 as well as knocking down TAK1 by siRNA abrogates the synergistic signals. We conclude that TAK1 is a key regulator of receptor crosstalk between BCR and TLR9, thus plays a critical role in B cell development and activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dániel Szili
- Department of Immunology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsanna Bankó
- Department of Immunology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - György Nagy
- Buda Hospital of Hospitaller Brothers of St. John, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Rheumatology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Tamás Gáti
- Buda Hospital of Hospitaller Brothers of St. John, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Melinda Simon
- Department of Immunology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Hérincs
- Department of Immunology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gabriella Sármay
- Department of Immunology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Szili D, Cserhalmi M, Bankó Z, Nagy G, Szymkowski DE, Sármay G. Suppression of innate and adaptive B cell activation pathways by antibody coengagement of FcγRIIb and CD19. MAbs 2014; 6:991-9. [PMID: 24828435 DOI: 10.4161/mabs.28841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The Fc receptor (FcγRIIb) inhibits B cell responses when coengaged with B cell receptor (BCR), and has become a target for new autoimmune disease therapeutics. For example, BCR and FcγRIIb coengagement via the Fc-engineered anti-CD19 XmAb5871 suppresses humoral immune responses. We now assess effects of XmAb5871 on other activation pathways, including the pathogen-associated molecular pattern receptor, TLR9. Since TLR9 signaling is implicated in autoimmune diseases, we asked if XmAb5871 could inhibit TLR9 costimulation. We show that XmAb5871 decreases ERK and AKT activation, cell proliferation, cytokine, and IgG production induced by BCR and/or TLR9 signals. XmAb5871 also inhibited differentiation of citrullinated peptide-specific plasma cells from rheumatoid arthritis patients. XmAb5871 may therefore have potential to suppress pathogenic B cells in autoimmune diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dániel Szili
- Department of Immunology; Eötvös Loránd University; Budapest, Hungary
| | - Marcell Cserhalmi
- Department of Immunology; Eötvös Loránd University; Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsanna Bankó
- Department of Immunology; Eötvös Loránd University; Budapest, Hungary
| | - György Nagy
- Department of Rheumatology; Polyclinic of the Hospitaller Brothers of St. John of God; Budapest, Hungary
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Abstract
Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) is a key component of B cell receptor (BCR) signalling and functions as an important regulator of cell proliferation and cell survival in various B cell malignancies. Small-molecule inhibitors of BTK have shown antitumour activity in animal models and, recently, in clinical studies. High response rates were reported in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia and mantle cell lymphoma. Remarkably, BTK inhibitors have molecular effects that cannot be explained by the classic role of BTK in BCR signalling. In this Review, we highlight the importance of BTK in various signalling pathways in the context of its therapeutic inhibition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rudi W Hendriks
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Room Ee2251a, Erasmus MC Rotterdam, PO Box 2040, NL 3000 CA Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Saravanan Yuvaraj
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Room Ee2251a, Erasmus MC Rotterdam, PO Box 2040, NL 3000 CA Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Laurens P Kil
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Room Ee2251a, Erasmus MC Rotterdam, PO Box 2040, NL 3000 CA Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Shao WH, Cohen PL. The role of tyrosine kinases in systemic lupus erythematosus and their potential as therapeutic targets. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2014; 10:573-82. [PMID: 24678775 DOI: 10.1586/1744666x.2014.893827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The autoimmune disease systemic lupus erythematosus is characterized by loss of tolerance to nuclear antigens. Breakdown of tolerance is associated with alterations in T-cell and B-cell receptor signal transduction, including increased protein phosphorylation that may underlie pathogenesis and explain the characteristic hyperactivity of T and B cells and other immune cells in active disease. Tyrosine kinases play a central role in signaling processes in cells known to be important in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. Considerable progress has been made in understanding the function of tyrosine kinases in immune cell signaling pathways. In this review, we will summarize the function of tyrosine kinases and their novel inhibitors from studies made in animal lupus models and systemic lupus erythematosus patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Hai Shao
- Department of Medicine and Temple Autoimmunity Center, Section of Rheumatology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Khan WN, Wright JA, Kleiman E, Boucher JC, Castro I, Clark ES. B-lymphocyte tolerance and effector function in immunity and autoimmunity. Immunol Res 2013; 57:335-53. [DOI: 10.1007/s12026-013-8466-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
|