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Ríos-Silva M, Cárdenas Y, Ortega-Macías AG, Trujillo X, Murillo-Zamora E, Mendoza-Cano O, Bricio-Barrios JA, Ibarra I, Huerta M. Animal models of kidney iron overload and ferroptosis: a review of the literature. Biometals 2023; 36:1173-1187. [PMID: 37356039 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-023-00518-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, it has been identified that excess iron contributes to the development of various pathologies and their complications. Kidney diseases do not escape the toxic effects of iron, and ferroptosis is identified as a pathophysiological mechanism that could be a therapeutic target to avoid damage or progression of kidney disease. Ferroptosis is cell death associated with iron-dependent oxidative stress. To study the effects of iron overload (IOL) in the kidney, numerous animal models have been developed. The methodological differences between these models should reflect the IOL-generating mechanisms associated with human IOL diseases. A careful choice of animal model should be considered for translational purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica Ríos-Silva
- Consejo Nacional de Humanidades, Ciencia y Tecnología, Mexico City, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Yolitzy Cárdenas
- Centro Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad de Colima, Colima, Colima, Mexico
| | | | - Xóchitl Trujillo
- Centro Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad de Colima, Colima, Colima, Mexico
| | - Efrén Murillo-Zamora
- Unidad de Investigación en Epidemiología Clínica, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Villa de Álvarez, Colima, Mexico
| | - Oliver Mendoza-Cano
- Facultad de Ingeniería Civil, Universidad de Colima, Coquimatlán, Colima, Mexico
| | | | - Isabel Ibarra
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Colima, Colima, Colima, Mexico
| | - Miguel Huerta
- Centro Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad de Colima, Colima, Colima, Mexico.
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Su HC, Sun YT, Yang MY, Wu CY, Hsu CM. Dihydroisotanshinone I and BMAL-SIRT1 Pathway in an In Vitro 6-OHDA-Induced Model of Parkinson's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11088. [PMID: 37446264 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241311088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Danshen has been widely used for the treatment of central nervous system diseases. We investigated the effect of dihydroisotanshinone I (DT), a compound extracted from Danshen, as well as the corresponding mechanisms in an in vitro-based 6-OHDA-induced Parkinson's disease (PD) model. SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cell lines were pretreated with 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) and challenged with DT. Subsequently, the cell viability and levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and caspase-3 were analyzed. The effect of DT on the 6-OHDA-treated SH-SY5Y cells and the expression of the core circadian clock genes were measured using a real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Our results indicated that DT attenuated the 6-OHDA-induced cell death in the SH-SY5Y cells and suppressed ROS and caspase-3. Moreover, DT reversed both the RNA and protein levels of BMAL1 and SIRT1 in the 6-OHDA-treated SH-SY5Y cells. Additionally, the SIRT1 inhibitor attenuated the effect of DT on BMAL1 and reduced the cell viability. The DT and SIRT1 activators activated SIRT1 and BMAL1, and then reduced the death of the SH-SY5Y cells damaged by 6-OHDA. SIRT1 silencing was enhanced by DT and resulted in a BMAL1 downregulation and a reduction in cell viability. In conclusion, our investigation suggested that DT reduces cell apoptosis, including an antioxidative effect due to a reduction in ROS, and regulates the circadian genes by enhancing SIRT1 and suppressing BMAL1. DT may possess novel therapeutic potential for PD in the future, but further in vivo studies are still needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Chen Su
- Department of Neurology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Ting Sun
- Department of Neurology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Yu Yang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
- Department of Otolaryngology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Yuan Wu
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi 61363, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Ming Hsu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi 61363, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
- Cancer Center, Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi 61363, Taiwan
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Hu X, Zhao W, Deng J, Du Z, Zeng X, Zhou B, Hao E. Mangiferin alleviates renal inflammatory injury in spontaneously hypertensive rats by inhibiting MCP-1/CCR2 signaling pathway. CHINESE HERBAL MEDICINES 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chmed.2022.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
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Abdelrahman RE, Khalaf AAA, Elhady MA, Ibrahim MA, Hassanen EI, Noshy PA. Antioxidant and antiapoptotic effects of quercetin against ochratoxin A-induced nephrotoxicity in broiler chickens. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2022; 96:103982. [PMID: 36179809 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2022.103982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The mycotoxin ochratoxin A (OTA) is produced by the fungi Aspergillus and Penicillium. The flavonoid quercetin (QUE) is distinguished by its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic properties. This study was designed to determine whether QUE can protect broiler chickens against OTA-induced nephrotoxicity. Forty broiler chicks were randomly divided into four equal groups: control, OTA, QUE, and OTA + QUE. For 6 weeks, OTA (0.5 mg/kg) and/or QUE (0.5 g/kg) were added to the diet of chickens. The results demonstrated that OTA exposure increased serum levels of creatinine, uric acid, and blood urea nitrogen. OTA exposure also increased renal malondialdehyde content but decreased renal antioxidants. OTA-exposed chickens exhibited multiple pathological kidney lesions. Moreover, OTA exposure induced apoptosis in renal tissue, which was manifested by the up-regulation of proapoptotic genes and down-regulation of antiapoptotic genes via the suppression of the PI3K/AKT pathway. In addition, coadministration of QUE and OTA mitigated most of these nephrotoxic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rehab E Abdelrahman
- Department of Toxicology and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Abdel Azeim A Khalaf
- Department of Toxicology and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Elhady
- Department of Toxicology and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Marwa A Ibrahim
- Department of Biochemistry and Metabolism, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Eman I Hassanen
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Peter A Noshy
- Department of Toxicology and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
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Efficacy and Safety of Salvia miltiorrhiza for Treating Chronic Kidney Diseases: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:2117433. [PMID: 35747383 PMCID: PMC9213127 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2117433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Objective This meta-analysis evaluated the effects and potential harms of Salvia miltiorrhiza or its extracts Salvianolate and Tanshinone for the treatment of population with a chronic kidney disease (CKD). Methods We searched for the randomized clinical trials (RCTs) through databases including the Cochrane Library, PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Current Controlled Trials, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang Data Knowledge Service Platform (Wanfang Data), China Biology Medicine Disc (SinoMed), and Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR). Meta-analysis was performed with STATA 16 software after data extraction. The risk of bias was assessed with the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool (RoB 2.0), and the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) framework was employed to evaluate the quality of evidence. Result A total of 32 studies were included involving 2264 participants. Compared to the control group, the treatment group significantly decreased serum creatinine (SCr) (SMD −0.60, 95% CI −0.79 to −0.41, P < 0.0001), blood urea nitrogen (BUN) (SMD −0.66, 95% CI −0.81 to −0.50, P < 0.0001), Cystatin C (CysC) (SMD −5.16, 95% CI −14.84 to 4.53, P=0.297), 24 hour urine protein (24 h UPE) (SMD −0.70, 95% CI −1.21 to −0.19, P=0.008), time to initiation of dialysis (Log RR 0.43, 95% CI 0.23 to 0.81, P=0.0089), serum total cholesterol (TC) (SMD −0.53, 95% CI −0.88 to −0.17, P=0.0042, P=0.0035), plasma fibrinogen (FIB) (SMD −0.79, 95% CI −1.12 to −0.46, P < 0.0001), C-reactive protein (CRP) (SMD −0.56, 95% CI −0.93 to −0.19, P=0.0029); increased creatinine clearance (Ccr) (SMD 0.92, 95% CI 0.43 to 1.41, P=0.0002), glomerular filtration rate (GFR) (SMD 0.56, 95% CI 0.30 to 0.83, P < 0.001), effective rate (Log RR 0.30, 95% CI 0.23 to 0.37, P < 0.0001), and hemoglobin (Hb) (SMD 0.42, 95% CI 0.13 to 0.71, P=0.0042). Moreover, the incidences of adverse effects were similar between the two groups. Conclusions Salvia miltiorrhiza or its extracts Salvianolate and Tanshinone, as a complementary therapy to conventional medicine, presents potential impacts to improve kidney functions and delay the progression of CKD without obvious adverse effects. However, the certainty of the evidence and the risk of bias are suboptimal and further clinical studies are still required to determine the underlying effects.
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Mukherjee PK, Efferth T, Das B, Kar A, Ghosh S, Singha S, Debnath P, Sharma N, Bhardwaj PK, Haldar PK. Role of medicinal plants in inhibiting SARS-CoV-2 and in the management of post-COVID-19 complications. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 98:153930. [PMID: 35114450 PMCID: PMC8730822 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.153930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The worldwide corona virus disease outbreak, generally known as COVID-19 pandemic outbreak resulted in a major health crisis globally. The morbidity and transmission modality of COVID-19 appear more severe and uncontrollable. The respiratory failure and following cardiovascular complications are the main pathophysiology of this deadly disease. Several therapeutic strategies are put forward for the development of safe and effective treatment against SARS-CoV-2 virus from the pharmacological view point but till date there are no specific treatment regimen developed for this viral infection. PURPOSE The present review emphasizes the role of herbs and herbs-derived secondary metabolites in inhibiting SARS-CoV-2 virus and also for the management of post-COVID-19 related complications. This approach will foster and ensure the safeguards of using medicinal plant resources to support the healthcare system. Plant-derived phytochemicals have already been reported to prevent the viral infection and to overcome the post-COVID complications like parkinsonism, kidney and heart failure, liver and lungs injury and mental problems. In this review, we explored mechanistic approaches of herbal medicines and their phytocomponenets as antiviral and post-COVID complications by modulating the immunological and inflammatory states. STUDY DESIGN Studies related to diagnosis and treatment guidelines issued for COVID-19 by different traditional system of medicine were included. The information was gathered from pharmacological or non-pharmacological interventions approaches. The gathered information sorted based on therapeutic application of herbs and their components against SARSCoV-2 and COVID-19 related complications. METHODS A systemic search of published literature was conducted from 2003 to 2021 using different literature database like Google Scholar, PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus and Web of Science to emphasize relevant articles on medicinal plants against SARS-CoV-2 viral infection and Post-COVID related complications. RESULTS Collected published literature from 2003 onwards yielded with total 625 articles, from more than 18 countries. Among these 625 articles, more than 95 medicinal plants and 25 active phytomolecules belong to 48 plant families. Reports on the therapeutic activity of the medicinal plants belong to the Lamiaceae family (11 reports), which was found to be maximum reported from 4 different countries including India, China, Australia, and Morocco. Other reports on the medicinal plant of Asteraceae (7 reports), Fabaceae (8 reports), Piperaceae (3 reports), Zingiberaceae (3 reports), Ranunculaceae (3 reports), Meliaceae (4 reports) were found, which can be explored for the development of safe and efficacious products targeting COVID-19. CONCLUSION Keeping in mind that the natural alternatives are in the priority for the management and prevention of the COVID-19, the present review may help to develop an alternative approach for the management of COVID-19 viral infection and post-COVID complications from a mechanistic point of view.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pulok K Mukherjee
- Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development, Imphal-795001, India; School of Natural Product Studies, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata -700 032, India.
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Bhaskar Das
- School of Natural Product Studies, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata -700 032, India
| | - Amit Kar
- Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development, Imphal-795001, India
| | - Suparna Ghosh
- School of Natural Product Studies, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata -700 032, India
| | - Seha Singha
- School of Natural Product Studies, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata -700 032, India
| | - Pradip Debnath
- School of Natural Product Studies, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata -700 032, India
| | - Nanaocha Sharma
- Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development, Imphal-795001, India
| | | | - Pallab Kanti Haldar
- School of Natural Product Studies, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata -700 032, India
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Huang J, Ma XT, Xu DD, Yao BJ, Zhao DQ, Leng XY, Liu J. Xianling Gubao Capsule Prevents Cadmium-Induced Kidney Injury. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:3931750. [PMID: 34621894 PMCID: PMC8492235 DOI: 10.1155/2021/3931750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Xianling Gubao Capsule (XGC), a kind of capsule preparation of Chinese herbal officially approved for sale by the National Medical Products Administration (NMPA), has the effect of tonifying kidney and strengthening bones. Although the impact of XGC in treating bone diseases has been widely studied, the effect of XGC in kidney injury is unknown yet. The kidney injury model is established by intraperitoneal injection with cadmium chloride (CdCl2). Before model establishment, each XGC group was pregavaged with XGC for 10 d. After 10 d, CdCl2 was injected intraperitoneally into the model group and each XGC group, each XGC group continued to be gavaged with XGC for 4 weeks, and the control group was gavaged with equal doses of distilled water once daily. The level of serum urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine (Cr) is evaluated by kit. The effect of XGC on protecting kidney injury in mice with kidney injury is analyzed by histopathology (HE stain), immunohistochemistry (IHC), and real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). The results show that CdCl2 significantly increases the level BUN and Cr in serum and results in remarkable pathological changes in the nephron, including tubule edema, congestion, and necrosis. While oral administration of XGC can significantly decrease BUN and Cr in serum and prevent and protect the kidney from the above injuries. In addition, the protein expression of p-mTOR was remarkably reduced, and the ratio of LC3II/LC3I protein and mRNA was significantly increased in mice with oral administration of XGC. Our findings suggest that XGC can prevent and protect kidney injury by improving the state of renal tubular hyperemia and necrosis and reduce the level of BUN and Cr in cadmium poisoning mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Huang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Xiao-tong Ma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Duo-duo Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Bao-jin Yao
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin 130117, China
| | - Da-qing Zhao
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin 130117, China
| | - Xiang-yang Leng
- The Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin 130117, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
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Kobryń J, Dałek J, Musiał W. The Influence of Selected Factors on the Aqueous Cryptotanshinone Solubility. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13070992. [PMID: 34209049 PMCID: PMC8309180 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13070992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The application of cryptotanshinone (CT), a diterpenoid obtained from the root of Salviae miltiorrhiza, is significantly hindered due to its poor aqueous solubility. The aim of the present research was to develop an optimal solvent for analytical and preparative procedures of prospective dermal hydrogel formulations with CT. The influence of pH, temperature, and cosolvent presence on the solubility of CT was examined. Various components were applied to increase CT solubility, i.e., ethanol, 2-amino-2-methyl-1,3-propanediol, 2-amino-2-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-propanediol, 2,2′,2″-nitrilotriethanol, and triisopropanoloamine. The concentration of CT was analyzed by spectral and chromatographic methods, including UV–vis and HPLC methods. The increased solubility of CT was demonstrated in alkaline solvents with ethanol as a cosolvent. CT solutions doped with alcoholamines are more stable compared to CT solutions doped with NaOH.
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Salvia miltiorrhiza (SM) Injection Ameliorates Iron Overload-Associated Cardiac Dysfunction by Regulating the Expression of DMT1, TfR1, and FP1 in Rats. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:6864723. [PMID: 34135983 PMCID: PMC8175163 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6864723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 12/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have found that Salvia miltiorrhiza (SM) injection have a protective effect on the iron overloaded (IO) heart. However, the mechanisms are not completely known. In the present study, we investigated the underlying mechanisms based on the iron transport-related proteins. The rats were randomly divided into five groups: control, IO group, low-dose SM group, high-dose SM group, and deferoxamine control group. Iron dextran was injected to establish the IO model. After 14 days of treatment, cardiac histological changes were observed by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. Iron uptake-related proteins divalent metal transporter-1 (DMT-1), transferrin receptor-1 (TfR-1), and iron export-related proteins ferroportin1 (FP1) in the heart were detected by Western blotting. The results showed that SM injection decreased cardiac iron deposition, ameliorated cardiac function, and inhibited cardiac oxidation. Most important of all, SM injection downregulated the expression of DMT-1 and TfR-1 and upregulated FP1 protein levels compared with the IO group. Our results indicated that reducing cardiac iron uptake and increasing iron excretion may be one of the important mechanisms of SM injection reducing cardiac iron deposition and improving cardiac function under the conditions of IO.
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Li J, Wang S, Duan J, Le P, Li C, Ding Y, Wang R, Gao Y. The protective mechanism of resveratrol against hepatic injury induced by iron overload in mice. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2021; 424:115596. [PMID: 34044072 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2021.115596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Excessive iron deposition can produce toxicity. Liver, as the main storage site of iron, is more vulnerable to excessive iron than other organs. Many studies have found that Resveratrol (RES) can effectively eliminate oxygen free radicals and resist lipid peroxide damage. However, studies investigating the mechanism of how RES prevents liver injury induced by iron overload are few. This study aims to observe the protective effect of RES on liver injury induced by iron overload in mice. Mice, except for the control group, received an intraperitoneal injection of iron dextran (50 mg/kg) every morning. The L-RES and H-RES groups received intragastric administration of low- and high-concentration RES solutions (20 or 50 mg/kg). The deferoxamine (DFO) group was intraperitoneally injected with DFO (50 mg/kg), while the control and iron overload groups were intraperitoneally injected with the same amount of normal saline every afternoon. Two weeks after continuous administration, iron-overloaded mice treated with high and low doses of RES significantly improved liver injury (GOT and GPT) and decreased LDH activity and MDA content and increased SOD and GSH activities (P < 0.01). Morphological tests showed that RES treatment can reduce liver iron deposition and improve liver pathological changes in iron-overloaded mice. Furthermore, RES treatment caused a significant decrease in Ft expression (P < 0.01). In conclusion, RES can alleviate liver injury in iron-overloaded mice. The mechanism may be related to improve the antioxidant capacity and reduce excess iron in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghan Li
- School of Basic Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, China
| | - Simeng Wang
- College of Nursing, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, China
| | - Jiaqi Duan
- College of Acupuncture and Massage, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, China
| | - Peixin Le
- School of Basic Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, China
| | - Chao Li
- College of Acupuncture and Massage, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, China
| | - Yongpei Ding
- College of Acupuncture and Massage, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, China
| | - Rui Wang
- School of Basic Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, China.
| | - Yonggang Gao
- School of Basic Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, China.
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Manabe E, Ito S, Ohno Y, Tanaka T, Naito Y, Sasaki N, Asakura M, Masuyama T, Ishihara M, Tsujino T. Reduced lifespan of erythrocytes in Dahl/Salt sensitive rats is the cause of the renal proximal tubule damage. Sci Rep 2020; 10:22023. [PMID: 33328561 PMCID: PMC7744793 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-79146-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We studied the mechanisms of anemia and the influence of anemia on renal pathology in Dahl/Salt Sensitive (Dahl/SS) rat, a model of cardio-renal-anemia syndrome. Erythrocyte lifespan was shortened and associated with decreased hemoglobin level in the Dahl/SS rats given high-salt diet. Serum haptoglobin decreased, reticulocytes increased, and erythropoiesis in the bone marrow and extramedullary hematopoiesis in the spleen was markedly stimulated by increased serum erythropoietin in them. As a mechanism of hemolysis, we investigated the incidence of eryptosis, suicidal death of erythrocytes. Eryptosis was increased, and red blood cell-derived microparticles, small particle which are generated in hemolytic disease, were also increased in Dahl/SS rats fed with high-salt diet. Deposition of hemosiderin and mitochondrial morphologic abnormality, a sign of ferroptosis, in proximal renal tubules was associated with intravascular hemolysis. Treatment with deferasirox, an oral iron chelator, reduced the renal proximal tubular injury and the glomerular sclerosis in Dahl/SS rats fed with high-salt diet. In conclusion, reduced half-life of erythrocytes induced by hemolysis is the major cause of anemia in Dahl/SS rat. Iron accumulation induced by hemolysis causes renal proximal tubule injury and accelerates renal damage in this model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eri Manabe
- Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1 Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, 663-8501, Japan.
| | - Satoyasu Ito
- Division of Pharmaceutical Therapeutics, Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Hyogo University of Health Sciences, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Yoshiya Ohno
- Division of Immunobiology, Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Hyogo University of Health Sciences, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Tanaka
- Division of Immunobiology, Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Hyogo University of Health Sciences, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Yoshiro Naito
- Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1 Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, 663-8501, Japan
| | - Naoko Sasaki
- Division of Pharmaceutical Therapeutics, Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Hyogo University of Health Sciences, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Masanori Asakura
- Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1 Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, 663-8501, Japan
| | - Tohru Masuyama
- Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1 Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, 663-8501, Japan
- Hoshigaoka Medical Center, Japan Community Health Care Organization, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masaharu Ishihara
- Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1 Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, 663-8501, Japan
| | - Takeshi Tsujino
- Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1 Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, 663-8501, Japan
- Division of Pharmaceutical Therapeutics, Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Hyogo University of Health Sciences, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
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Crocin ameliorates arsenic trioxide‑induced cardiotoxicity via Keap1-Nrf2/HO-1 pathway: Reducing oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 131:110713. [PMID: 32920515 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Arsenic trioxide (ATO) is an excellent therapy for acute promyelocytic leukemia; however, its use is limited due to its cardiotoxicity. Crocin (CRO) possesses abundant pharmacological and biological properties, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic. This study examined the cardioprotective effects of crocin and explored their mechanistic involvement in ATO-induced cardiotoxicity. Forty-eight male rats were treated with ATO to induce cardiotoxicity. In combination with ATO, CRO were given to evaluate its cardioprotection. The results demonstrated that CRO administration not only diminished QTc prolongation, myocardial enzymes and Troponin T levels but also improved histopathological results. CRO administration reduced reactive oxygen species generation. However, the CRO administration caused an increase in glutathione, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione S-transferase and total sulphydryl levels and a decrease in malondialdehyde content, gamma glutamyl transferase and lipid hydroperoxides levels and proinflammatory cytokines. Importantly, immunohistochemical analysis, real time PCR and western blotting showed a reduction in Caspase-3 and Bcl-2-associated X protein expressions and enhancement of B cell lymphoma-2 expression. Real time PCR and western blotting showed a reduction in proinflammatory cytokines. Moreover, CRO caused an activation in nuclear factor erythroid-2 related factor 2, leading to enhanced Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1, heme oxygenase-1 and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide quinone dehydrogenase 1 expressions involved in Nrf2 signaling during ATO-induced cardiotoxicity. CRO was shown to ameliorate ATO-induced cardiotoxicity. The mechanisms for CRO amelioration of cardiotoxicity due to inflammation, oxidative damage, and apoptosis may occur via an up-regulated Keap1-Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway.
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Zhang Y, Zhang G, Liang Y, Wang H, Wang Q, Zhang Y, Zhang X, Zhang J, Chu L. Potential Mechanisms Underlying the Hepatic–Protective Effects of Danshensu on Iron Overload Mice. Biol Pharm Bull 2020; 43:968-975. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b19-01084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine
| | - Gaohua Zhang
- School of Basic Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine
| | - Yingran Liang
- School of Basic Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine
| | - Hongfang Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine
| | - Qian Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine
| | - Ying Zhang
- School of Basic Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine
| | - Xuan Zhang
- School of Basic Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine
| | - Jianping Zhang
- School of Basic Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine
| | - Li Chu
- School of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Liver-Kidney Patterns
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14
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Yun S, Chu D, He X, Zhang W, Feng C. Protective effects of grape seed proanthocyanidins against iron overload-induced renal oxidative damage in rats. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2020; 57:126407. [PMID: 31570250 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2019.126407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Excessive exposure to iron can cause kidney damage, and chelating drugs such as deferoxamine and deferiprone have limited usefulness in treating iron poisoning. This study was designed to investigate the protective effects of grape seed proanthocyanidins (GSPAs) against iron overload induced nephrotoxicity in rats. The roles of GSPAs in chelating iron, antioxidant activity, renal function, pathological section, and apoptosis-related gene expression were assessed. METHODS Newly weaned male Sprague-Dawley rats aged 21 days (weight, 65 ± 5 g) were randomly divided into four groups containing 10 rats each: normal control (negative) group, iron overload (positive) group, GSPAs group, and GSPAs + iron overload (test) group. Iron dextran injections (2.5 mg⋅ kg-1) and GSPAs (25 mg⋅ kg-1) were intraperitoneally and intragastrically administered to rats daily for 7 weeks, respectively. Measurements included red blood cell (RBC) count and hemoglobin (Hb) level, serum total iron-binding capacity (TIBC), renal iron content, glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, malondialdehyde (MDA) content, total antioxidant activity (T-AOC), creatinine (CR) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels, pathological changes, and apoptotic Fas, Bax expressions in the kidney tissue. Differences among the dietary groups were determined using one-way analysis of variance with post-hoc Tukey's test. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS RBC count, Hb level, renal iron content, MDA content, CR and BUN levels, and Fas, Bax expressions significantly increased in the positive group than in the negative group; contrarily, TIBC, GSH-Px activity, and T-AOC significantly decreased in the positive group than in the negative group (P < 0.05). Although not statistically significant, SOD activity was slightly reduced in the positive group than in the negative group. Inflammatory cell infiltration and fibrous tissue proliferation were observed in the kidney tissue of the rats in the positive group; in contrast, the rats exhibited better recovery when GSPAs were used instead of iron alone. Compared with the positive group, RBC counts, Hb levels, renal iron contents, the MDA content, CR and BUN levels, and Fas, Bax expressions significantly decreased, whereas the TIBC, the GSH-Px and SOD activities as well as T-AOC significantly increased in the test group rats (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in the RBC counts, Hb levels, TIBC, renal iron contents, the SOD activity and MDA content, CR and BUN levels, and Fas expression between the GSPAs and negative groups. The GSH-Px activity and T-AOC were significantly increased whereas Bax expression was significantly decreased in the GSPAs group rats than in the negative group rats (P < 0.05). The rats in the GSPAs, test, and negative groups displayed glomeruli and tubules with a clear structure; further, the epithelial cells in the renal tubules were neatly arranged. CONCLUSIONS GSPAs have protective effects on nephrotoxicity in rats with iron overload. Thus, further investigation of GSPAs as a new and natural phytochemo-preventive agent against iron overload is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaojun Yun
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
| | - Dongyang Chu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
| | - Xingshuai He
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
| | - Wenfang Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
| | - Cuiping Feng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China.
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15
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Song Q, Zhao Y, Li Q, Han X, Duan J. Puerarin protects against iron overload-induced retinal injury through regulation of iron-handling proteins. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 122:109690. [PMID: 31786468 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Excess iron content can build up in the retina and lead to iron-mediated retinal injury. An important isoflavone C-glucoside, puerarin, has been reported to be involved in retinal protection. In this experiment, we studied the effects and potential mechanisms of puerarin on retinal injury in vivo and in vitro. We found that puerarin reduced serum and retinal iron content, attenuated the pathophysiological changes and retinal iron deposition, and partially prevented the decrease of rhodopsin and retinal pigment epithelium-specific 65 kDa protein expression in retinas of iron-overload mice. Puerarin rescued the abnormal expression of iron-handling proteins in the mouse retina and suppressed the oxidative stress induced by iron overload, as evident from the enhanced activity of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase and decreased content of malondialdehyde. Moreover, puerarin inhibited the phosphorylation of p38 and ERK mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), thereby protecting the retinal cells from apoptosis by suppressing cytochrome c release, caspase activation, and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavage in vivo. Also, the ability of puerarin to regulate iron-handling proteins, decrease intracellular Fe2+, and inhibit cell apoptosis was further confirmed in ARPE-19 cells. The experimental data verify the protective role of puerarin in the treatment of retinal injury caused by iron overload; its possible mechanisms might be associated with regulation of iron-handling proteins, enhancement of the antioxidant capacity, and the inhibition of MAPK and STAT3 activation and the apoptotic pathways under iron overload conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiongtao Song
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.37 Twelve Bridge Road, Chengdu 610075, Sichuan, China
| | - Ying Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.37 Twelve Bridge Road, Chengdu 610075, Sichuan, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.37 Twelve Bridge Road, Chengdu 610075, Sichuan, China
| | - Xue Han
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Liver-Kidney Patterns, Shijiazhuang 050200, Hebei, China
| | - Junguo Duan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.37 Twelve Bridge Road, Chengdu 610075, Sichuan, China.
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MEIm XD, Cao YF, Che YY, Li J, Shang ZP, Zhao WJ, Qiao YJ, Zhang JY. Danshen: a phytochemical and pharmacological overview. Chin J Nat Med 2019; 17:59-80. [PMID: 30704625 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(19)30010-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Danshen, the dried root or rhizome of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge., is a traditional and folk medicine in Asian countries, especially in China and Japan. In this review, we summarized the recent researches of Danshen in traditional uses and preparations, chemical constituents, pharmacological activities and side effects. A total of 201 compounds from Danshen have been reported, including lipophilic diterpenoids, water-soluble phenolic acids, and other constituents, which have showed various pharmacological activities, such as anti-inflammation, anti-oxidation, anti-tumor, anti-atherogenesis, and anti-diabetes. This article intends to provide novel insight information for further development of Danshen, which could be of great value to its improvement of utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Dan MEIm
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Yan-Feng Cao
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Yan-Yun Che
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Jing Li
- College of Basic Medicine, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, China
| | - Zhan-Peng Shang
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Wen-Jing Zhao
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Yan-Jiang Qiao
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China.
| | - Jia-Yu Zhang
- Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.
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17
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Sun Y, Shi S, Li Y, Wang Q. Development of quantitative structure-activity relationship models to predict potential nephrotoxic ingredients in traditional Chinese medicines. Food Chem Toxicol 2019; 128:163-170. [PMID: 30954639 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.03.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The broad use of traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) and the accompanied incidences of kidney injury have attracted considerable interest in investigating the responsible toxic ingredients. It is challenging to evaluate toxicity of TCMs since they contain complex mixtures of phytochemicals. Quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) is an efficient tool to predict toxicity and QSAR study on TCMs-induced nephrotoxicity remains lacked. We developed QSAR models using three datasets of 609 compounds: natural products, drugs, and mixed (contained both kinds of data) datasets. Each dataset was used for modelling by utilizing artificial neural networks (ANN) and support vector machines (SVM) algorithms separately. Both internal and external validations were performed on each model. Six QSAR models were developed and yielded reliable performance in the internal validation. For external validation, 30 ingredients in the TCMs were predicted well by the natural product models (accuracy: ANN 96.7%, SVM 93.3%). The mixed models (accuracy: ANN 76.7%, SVM 66.7%) showed a better performance than the drug models (accuracy: ANN 50%, SVM 53.3%). Particularly, natural product models produced the most reliable results. It has the application not only on screening the nephrotoxic ingredients in TCMs, but it is also helpful at prioritizing the subsequent toxicity testing of natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Sun
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China; Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Compatibility Toxicology, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Shaoze Shi
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China; Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Compatibility Toxicology, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yaqiu Li
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China; Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Compatibility Toxicology, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China; Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Compatibility Toxicology, Beijing, 100191, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, Beijing, 100191, China.
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18
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Chen ZM, Huang L, Li MM, Meng L, Ying SC, Xu AM. Inhibitory effects of isocryptotanshinone on gastric cancer. Sci Rep 2018; 8:9307. [PMID: 29915371 PMCID: PMC6006307 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-27638-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common digestive malignancies globally, and the prognosis of patients with advanced tumors remains poor. Isocryptotanshinone (ICTS), isolated from Salvia miltiorrhiza, was found to inhibit the proliferation of lung and breast cancer cells. However, whether ICTS has anticancer activities against GC is unknown. In the present study, we reported that the proliferation of GC cells was inhibited by ICTS in a dose- and time-dependent manner. After treatment with ICTS, GC cells were arrested in the G1/G0 phase of cell cycle and the apoptotic cells were induced in a dose-dependent manner. Additionally, ICTS suppressed the expression of cell cycle- and apoptosis-associated proteins (e.g., Cyclin D1, phosphorylated Rb, E2F1, Mcl-1, Bcl-2, and Survivin). ICTS inhibited the phosphorylation of STAT3 in a dose-dependent manner. Down-regulated STAT3 attenuated the expression of Cyclin D1, p-Rb, and Survivin, which remarkably increased the sensitivity of ICTS in GC cells; overexpression of STAT3 restored the cell growth and proliferation and the protein expression suppressed by ICTS. ICTS also suppressed the xenograft tumor growth in BALB/c nude mice. Together, these data indicate that ICTS inhibits GC proliferation by inducing G1/G0 cell cycle arrest and apoptosis via inhibiting the STAT3 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhang-Ming Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Lei Huang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China.
| | - Miao-Miao Li
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Lei Meng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Song-Cheng Ying
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China.
| | - A-Man Xu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China.
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19
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Zheng J, Jiang R, Chen M, Maimaitiming Z, Wang J, Anderson GJ, Vulpe CD, Dunaief JL, Chen H. Multi-Copper Ferroxidase-Deficient Mice Have Increased Brain Iron Concentrations and Learning and Memory Deficits. J Nutr 2018; 148:643-649. [PMID: 29659961 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxy012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The accumulation of iron occurs in the central nervous system (CNS) in several neurodegenerative diseases. Although multi-copper ferroxidases (MCFs) play an important role in cellular iron metabolism and homeostasis, the mechanism of MCFs in the CNS remains unclear. Objective The aim was to study the role of MCFs in CNS iron metabolism and homeostasis by using hephaestin/ceruloplasmin (Heph/Cp) double knockout (KO) mice. Methods Heph/Cp double KO male mice were generated by crossing both single KO mice. In Heph/Cp KO and wild-type (WT) control mice at 4 wk and 6 mo of age, iron concentrations of selected brain regions were measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometry, and gene expressions of Heph, Cp, ferroportin 1 (Fpn1) [+ iron responsive element (IRE)], L-ferritin, H-ferritin, transferrin receptor 1 (Tfrc), and divalent metal transporter 1 (Dmt1) (+IRE) were quantitated by quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. Brain region L-ferritin protein concentration, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration were also determined. Learning and memory abilities in Heph/Cp KO and WT control mice at 6 mo of age were tested by the IntelliCage system (New Behavior). Results Iron concentration was significantly higher in Heph/Cp KO mice than in WT control mice at 4 wk of age in the cortex (50%), hippocampus (120%), brainstem (35%), and cerebellum (220%) and at 6 mo of age in the cortex (140%), hippocampus (420%), brainstem (560%), and cerebellum (340%). L-Ferritin and MDA concentrations were significantly higher and SOD and GPx activities were significantly lower in the cortex, hippocampus, brainstem, and cerebellum of KO mice than in those of WT controls at both 4 wk and 6 mo of age. Iron-related gene expressions also differed significantly between groups. Learning and memory deficits occurred in Heph/Cp KO mice at 6 mo of age. Conclusion Mutation of both MCFs in mice induces iron accumulation in brain regions, oxidative damage, and learning and memory defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiashuo Zheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ruiwei Jiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Min Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zaitunamu Maimaitiming
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Junzhuo Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Gregory J Anderson
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Chris D Vulpe
- Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Joshua L Dunaief
- FM Kirby Center for Molecular Ophthalmology, Scheie Eye Institute, University of Pennsylvania, PA
| | - Huijun Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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Noninvasive Real-Time Characterization of Renal Clearance Kinetics in Diabetic Mice after Receiving Danshensu Treatment. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:8267560. [PMID: 29670682 PMCID: PMC5833022 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8267560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Revised: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Danshensu (DSS) is an active ingredient extracted from the root of the Danshen that could ameliorate oxidative stress via upregulation of heme oxygenase- (HO-) 1. Little is known about the treatment effects of DSS on kidney function in diabetic mice. Therefore, the primary aim of the present study was to characterize the renal clearance kinetics of IRdye800CW in db/db mice after DSS treatment. The secondary aim was to measure several biomarkers of renal function and oxidative stress (urinary F2-isoprostane, HO-1 in kidney and serum bilirubin). Fourteen db/db diabetic mice were randomly assigned into two groups and received either DSS treatment (DM + DSS) or vehicle treatment (DM). A third group that comprised of db/+ nondiabetic mice (non-DM control) received no DSS treatment and served as the nondiabetic control. At the end of a 3-week intervention period, serum and urinary biomarkers of renal function and oxidative stress were assessed and the renal clearance of IRdye800CW dye in all mice was determined noninvasively using Multispectral Optoacoustic Tomography. The major finding from this study suggested that DSS treatment in db/db mice improved renal clearance. Increased expression of HO-1 after DSS treatment also suggested that DSS might represent a potential therapeutic avenue for clinical intervention in diabetic nephropathy.
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Cao SS, Yan M, Hou ZY, Chen Y, Jiang YS, Fan XR, Fang PF, Zhang BK. Danshen modulates Nrf2-mediated signaling pathway in cisplatin-induced renal injury. Curr Med Sci 2017; 37:761-765. [PMID: 29058292 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-017-1801-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Revised: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Danshen, an efficacious agent for cardiovascular diseases, has been found to play an essential role in kidney injury. In the present study, the effect of Danshen on cisplatin-induced renal dysfunction was investigated in a mouse model. Danshen was administered to mice at a dose of 3 g/kg 4 days before and 3 days after cisplatin treatment. A single intraperitoneal injection of 20 mg/kg cisplatin was used to induce nephrotoxicity. The mice were sacrificed 72 h after cisplatin intoxication. Biochemical parameters including serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen were analyzed. Histopathological changes of kidney tissues were detected using HE staining. Antioxidant enzymes (GSH-Px and SOD) and peroxidative product (MDA) were detected. Protein expressions of Nrf2 and its target genes including HO-1 and NQO1 were measured by Western blotting. The results showed that pretreatment with Danshen significantly reduced serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen in the cisplatin-treated mice. Histopathological examination showed that Danshen mitigated the renal damage induced by cisplatin. Moreover, Danshen restored the activities of antioxidant enzymes (GSH-Px and SOD) and normalized the MDA contents in renal tissues. Western blotting revealed that Danshen enhanced the expressions of Nrf2 and its target genes in cisplatin-exposed mice. It was suggested that Danshen protects against the cisplatin-induced renal impairment in the mice, which is potentially associated with the upregulation of Nrf2-mediated signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Si Cao
- Department of Pharmacy, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Miao Yan
- Department of Pharmacy, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China
| | - Zhen-Yan Hou
- Department of Pharmacy, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Yun-Sheng Jiang
- Department of Nephrology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China
| | - Xin-Rong Fan
- Institute of Basic Theories of Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Ping-Fei Fang
- Department of Pharmacy, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China
| | - Bi-Kui Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China.
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22
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An L, Zhou M, Marikar FMMT, Hu XW, Miao QY, Li P, Chen J. Salvia miltiorrhiza Lipophilic Fraction Attenuates Oxidative Stress in Diabetic Nephropathy through Activation of Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-Related Factor 2. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2017; 45:1441-1457. [PMID: 28946766 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x17500781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a common cause of chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal disease, which can be triggered by oxidative stress. In this study, we investigated the renoprotective effect of the ethyl acetate extract of Salvia miltiorrhiza (EASM) on DN and examined the underlying molecular mechanism. We observed that EASM treatment attenuated metabolic abnormalities associated with hyperglycemic conditions in the experimental DN model. In streptozotocin (STZ)-induced mice, EASM treatment reduced albuminuria, improved renal function and alleviated the pathological alterations within the glomerulus. To mimic the hyperglycemic conditions in DN patients, we used high glucose (25[Formula: see text]mmol/L) media to stimulate mouse mesangial cells (MMCs), and EASM inhibited high glucose-induced reactive oxygen species. We also observed that EASM enhanced the expression of nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), which mediated the anti-oxidant response, and its downstream gene heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1 (NQO1) with concomitant decrease of expression of kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (keap1) both in vitro and in vivo. Taken together, these results suggest that EASM alleviates the progression of DN and this might be associated with activation of Nrf2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin An
- * State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjia Lane, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Mei Zhou
- * State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjia Lane, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Faiz M M T Marikar
- † Molecular Biology Unit, Sir John Kotelawala Defence University, Kandawala Estate, Ratmalana, Sri Lanka
| | - Xue-Wen Hu
- * State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjia Lane, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Qiu-Yun Miao
- * State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjia Lane, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Ping Li
- * State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjia Lane, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Jun Chen
- * State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjia Lane, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
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Multiple on-line HPLC coupled with biochemical detection methods to evaluate bioactive compounds in Danshen injection. Biomed Chromatogr 2016; 30:1854-1860. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2016] [Revised: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 05/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Su CY, Ming QL, Rahman K, Han T, Qin LP. Salvia miltiorrhiza: Traditional medicinal uses, chemistry, and pharmacology. Chin J Nat Med 2016; 13:163-82. [PMID: 25835361 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(15)30002-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge (SM) is a very popular medicinal plant that has been extensively applied for many years to treat various diseases, especially coronary heart diseases and cerebrovascular diseases, either alone or in combination with other Chinese plant-based medicines. Although a large number of studies on SM have been performed, they are scattered across a variety of publications. The present review is an up-to-date summary of the published scientific information about the traditional uses, chemical constituents, pharmacological effects, side effects, and drug interactions with SM, in order to lay the foundation for further investigations and better utilization of SM. SM contains diverse chemical components including diterpenoid quinones, hydrophilic phenolic acids, and essential oils. Many pharmacological studies have been done on SM during the last 30 years, focusing on the cardiovascular and cerebrovascular effects, and the antioxidative, neuroprotective, antifibrotic, anti-inflammatory, and antineoplastic activities. The research results strongly support the notion that SM has beneficial therapeutic properties and has a potential of being an effective adaptogenic remedy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Yan Su
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China; Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Qian-Liang Ming
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Khalid Rahman
- Faculty of Science, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Byrom Street, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK
| | - Ting Han
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Lu-Ping Qin
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.
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Rossi EM, Marques VB, Nunes DDO, Carneiro MTWD, Podratz PL, Merlo E, dos Santos L, Graceli JB. Acute iron overload leads to hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis abnormalities in female rats. Toxicol Lett 2015; 240:196-213. [PMID: 26536400 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2015.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Revised: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Iron plays a critical role in a mammal's physiological processes. However, iron tissue deposits have been shown to act as endocrine disrupters. Studies that evaluate the effect of acute iron overload on hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis health are particularly sparse. This study demonstrates that acute iron overload leads to HPG axis abnormalities, including iron accumulation and impairment in reproductive tract morphology. Female rats were treated with iron-dextran (Fe rats) to assess their HPG morphophysiology. The increasing serum iron levels due to iron-dextran treatment were positively correlated with higher iron accumulation in the HPG axis and uterus of Fe rats than in control rats. An increase in the production of superoxide anions was observed in the pituitary, uterus and ovary of Fe rats. Morphophysiological reproductive tract abnormalities, such as abnormal ovarian follicular development and the reduction of serum estrogen levels, were observed in Fe rats. In addition, a significant negative correlation was obtained between ovary superoxide anion and serum estrogen levels. Together, these data provide in vivo evidence that acute iron overload is toxic for the HPG axis, a finding that may be associated with the subsequent development of the risk of reproductive dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilly M Rossi
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Brazil
| | - Vinicius B Marques
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Brazil
| | - Dieli de O Nunes
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Eduardo Merlo
- Department of Morphology, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Brazil
| | - Leonardo dos Santos
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Brazil
| | - Jones B Graceli
- Department of Morphology, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Brazil.
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Liu M, Park J, Wu X, Li Y, Tran Q, Mun K, Lee Y, Hur GM, Wen A, Park J. Shen-Kang protects 5/6 nephrectomized rats against renal injury by reducing oxidative stress through the MAPK signaling pathways. Int J Mol Med 2015; 36:975-84. [PMID: 26310779 PMCID: PMC4564094 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2015.2328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a worldwide public health concern with limited treatment options. The incidence of CDK is increasing and the disease is associated with a poor quality of life and a high financial cost of treatment. Shen-Kang (SK), a traditional Chinese herbal medicine, has been used clinically in the treatment of renal diseases for decades. This study was carried out to validate the therapeutic effects of SK on renal injury induced by 5/6 nephrectomy, as well as its effects on the apoptosis of proximal tubule epithelial cells (HK-2 cells), in an aim to elucidate its mechanisms of action. For this purpose, an animal model of renal injury was created by subjecting rats to a 5/6 nephrectomy. The rats in the sham-operated and model groups received distilled water, while the rats in the SK and enalapril (EN) groups were treated with SK or EN. The levels of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine (SCr) were measured. Kidney tissues obtained from the rats were stained with hematoxylin and eosin. HK-2 cells were employed to investigate the effects of SK on the apoptosis of renal proximal tubule epithelial cells induced by treatment with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). In addition, cell viability was measured by MTT assay. Apoptotic events were monitored by western blot analysis, flow cytometric analysis and nuclear morphological anlaysis. The levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) were measured by flow cytometric analysis with dihydroethidium staining. The results revealed that the administration of SK to 5/6 nephrectomized rats for 1 week significantly decreased the levels of SCr and BUN. The morphological observations of the kidneys also indicated the amelioration of damage to renal tissue. Treatment of the HK-2 cells with SK significantly protected the cells from H2O2-induced apoptosis, as indicated by an increase in cell viability, the decrease in the cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) and fewer condensed nuclei. H2O2-induced ROS production was also attenuated by treatment with SK. Of note, the increase in the levels of phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and phosphorylated p38 which occurred in response to exposure to H2O2 was inhibited by treatment with SK. No changes were observed in the levels of phosphorylated JNK under the same treatment conditions. Thus, the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways play an essential role in the development of CKD. SK alleviated renal injury in rats induced by 5/6 nephrectomy and prevented the H2O2-induced apoptosis of HK-2 cells through the MAPK signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiyou Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Τhe Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Jisoo Park
- Department of Pharmacology, Metabolic Diseases and Cell Signaling Laboratory, Research Institute for Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Chungnam 301-747, Republic of Korea
| | - Xiaoxiao Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Τhe Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Yuwen Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Τhe Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Quangdon Tran
- Department of Pharmacology, Metabolic Diseases and Cell Signaling Laboratory, Research Institute for Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Chungnam 301-747, Republic of Korea
| | - Kisun Mun
- Department of Pharmacology, Metabolic Diseases and Cell Signaling Laboratory, Research Institute for Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Chungnam 301-747, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongjin Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, Metabolic Diseases and Cell Signaling Laboratory, Research Institute for Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Chungnam 301-747, Republic of Korea
| | - Gang Min Hur
- Department of Pharmacology, Metabolic Diseases and Cell Signaling Laboratory, Research Institute for Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Chungnam 301-747, Republic of Korea
| | - Aidong Wen
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Τhe Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Jongsun Park
- Department of Pharmacology, Metabolic Diseases and Cell Signaling Laboratory, Research Institute for Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Chungnam 301-747, Republic of Korea
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Zhang Y, Wang H, Cui L, Zhang Y, Liu Y, Chu X, Liu Z, Zhang J, Chu L. Continuing treatment with Salvia miltiorrhiza injection attenuates myocardial fibrosis in chronic iron-overloaded mice. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0124061. [PMID: 25850001 PMCID: PMC4388639 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0124061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2014] [Accepted: 02/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron overload cardiomyopathy results from iron accumulation in the myocardium that is closely linked to iron-mediated myocardial fibrosis. Salvia miltiorrhiza (SM, also known as Danshen), a traditional Chinese medicinal herb, has been widely used for hundreds of years to treat cardiovascular diseases. Here, we investigated the effect and potential mechanism of SM on myocardial fibrosis induced by chronic iron overload (CIO) in mice. Kunming male mice (8 weeks old) were randomized to six groups of 10 animals each: control (CONT), CIO, low-dose SM (L-SM), high-dose SM (H-SM), verapamil (VRP) and deferoxamine (DFO) groups. Normal saline was injected in the CONT group. Mice in the other five groups were treated with iron dextran at 50 mg/kg per day intraperitoneally for 7 weeks, and those in the latter four groups also received corresponding daily treatments, including 3 g/kg or 6 g/kg of SM, 100 mg/kg of VRP, or 100 mg/kg of DFO. The iron deposition was estimated histologically using Prussian blue staining. Myocardial fibrosis was determined by Masson's trichrome staining and hydroxyproline (Hyp) quantitative assay. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, malondialdehyde (MDA) content and protein expression levels of type I collagen (COL I), type I collagen (COL III), transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) were analyzed to investigate the mechanisms underlying the effects of SM against iron-overloaded fibrosis. Treatment of chronic iron-overloaded mice with SM dose-dependently reduced iron deposition levels, fibrotic area percentage, Hyp content, expression levels of COL I and COL III, as well as upregulated the expression of TGF- β1 and MMP-9 proteins in the heart. Moreover, SM treatment decreased MDA content and increased SOD activity. In conclusion, SM exerted activities against cardiac fibrosis induced by CIO, which may be attributed to its inhibition of iron deposition, as well as collagen metabolism and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Chinese Materia Medica, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Lijing Cui
- Department of Pharmacology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xi Chu
- The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Zhenyi Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jianping Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Li Chu
- Department of Pharmacology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- * E-mail:
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Gao Y, Zhang K, Zhu F, Wu Z, Chu X, Zhang X, Zhang Y, Zhang J, Chu L. Salvia miltiorrhiza (Danshen) inhibits L-type calcium current and attenuates calcium transient and contractility in rat ventricular myocytes. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2014; 158 Pt A:397-403. [PMID: 25446591 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2014.10.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2014] [Revised: 09/14/2014] [Accepted: 10/24/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Salvia miltiorrhiza (SM, Danshen), a traditional Chinese herbal drug, has been widely used for hundreds of years to treat coronary artery disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS We studied the effects of SM on the L-type Ca(2+) current (ICa-L) with whole-cell patch-clamp technique in rat ventricular myocytes, and its influence on Ca(2+) transient and contractility using video-based edge detection and dual excitation fluorescence photomultiplier systems as well. RESULTS Exposure to SM solution caused a concentration- and voltage-dependent blockade of ICa-L, and the dose of SM solution (10g/l) decreased the maximal inhibitory effect of 35.2±1.2%. However, SM solution did not significantly change the current-voltage relationship or reversal potential of ICa-L, nor did it altered the activation and inactivation gating properties of cardiac Ca(2+) channels. Meanwhile, SM decreased the amplitude of myocyte shortening and the peak value of Ca(2+) transient with a significant decrease in the time to 90% of the baseline (Tr), but the time to 10% of the peak (Tp) was not dramatically prolonged. CONCLUSIONS The results indicated that SM significantly inhibited L-type Ca(2+) channels, decreased [Ca(2+)]i and contractility in adult rat cardiac myocytes. These findings may be relevant to the cardioprotective efficacy of SM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonggang Gao
- Hebei Medical University, 361 East Zhongshan Road, Shijiazhuang 050017, Hebei, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Department of Basic Theory of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, Hebei, China
| | - Fengli Zhu
- Hebei Medical University, 361 East Zhongshan Road, Shijiazhuang 050017, Hebei, China
| | - Zhonglin Wu
- Hebei Medical University, 361 East Zhongshan Road, Shijiazhuang 050017, Hebei, China
| | - Xi Chu
- The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050011, Hebei, China
| | - Xuan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, Hebei, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, Hebei, China
| | - Jianping Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, Hebei, China
| | - Li Chu
- Hebei Medical University, 361 East Zhongshan Road, Shijiazhuang 050017, Hebei, China; Department of Pharmacology, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, Hebei, China.
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Gu JF, Feng L, Zhang MH, Qin D, Jiang J, Cheng XD, Ding SM, Yang SL, Jia XB. New metabolite profiles of Danshensu in rats by ultraperformance liquid chromatography/quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2014; 955-956:20-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2014.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2014] [Revised: 02/05/2014] [Accepted: 02/07/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Salvia miltiorrhiza injection ameliorates renal damage induced by lead exposure in mice. ScientificWorldJournal 2014; 2014:572697. [PMID: 24696648 PMCID: PMC3947665 DOI: 10.1155/2014/572697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2013] [Accepted: 01/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure to lead (Pb) can induce kidney injury and our recent studies have found that Salvia miltiorrhiza (SM) injection, a traditional Chinese medicine, could protect against the organ injury induced by iron overload. This study was designed to investigate the protective effects of SM injection on nephrotoxicity induced by Pb acetate in mice and to elucidate the potential mechanism(s). Healthy male mice were randomly divided into four groups: control, Pb, low-dose Salvia miltiorrhiza (L-SM), and high-dose Salvia miltiorrhiza (H-SM). SM injection dose dependently reduced the Pb accumulation in the kidney, decreased kidney coefficients, and ameliorated renal structure and function from the morphology analysis. Meanwhile, SM administration downregulated serum levels of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine (CR), decreased malondialdehyde (MAD) content, and increased activities of super oxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in the kidney homogenate. Moreover, SM injection reduced the level of renal apoptosis by immunohistochemical staining analysis. Our findings implicate the therapeutic potential of SM injection for Pb-induced nephrotoxicity, which were at least partly due to the decrease of Pb accumulation, inhibition of lipid peroxidation, and suppression of renal apoptosis. These results provided preliminary experimental support for Danshen as a therapeutic drug for Pb poisoning diseases.
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