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Ji G, Zhao J, Si X, Song W. Targeting bacterial metabolites in tumor for cancer therapy: An alternative approach for targeting tumor-associated bacteria. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2024; 211:115345. [PMID: 38834140 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2024.115345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Emerging evidence reveal that tumor-associated bacteria (TAB) can facilitate the initiation and progression of multiple types of cancer. Recent work has emphasized the significant role of intestinal microbiota, particularly bacteria, plays in affecting responses to chemo- and immuno-therapies. Hence, it seems feasible to improve cancer treatment outcomes by targeting intestinal bacteria. While considering variable richness of the intestinal microbiota and diverse components among individuals, direct manipulating the gut microbiota is complicated in clinic. Tumor initiation and progression requires the gut microbiota-derived metabolites to contact and reprogram neoplastic cells. Hence, directly targeting tumor-associated bacteria metabolites may have the potential to provide alternative and innovative strategies to bypass the gut microbiota for cancer therapy. As such, there are great opportunities to explore holistic approaches that incorporates TAB-derived metabolites and related metabolic signals modulation for cancer therapy. In this review, we will focus on key opportunistic areas by targeting TAB-derived metabolites and related metabolic signals, but not bacteria itself, for cancer treatment, and elucidate future challenges that need to be addressed in this emerging field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guofeng Ji
- Department of General Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China; Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Jingjing Zhao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453100, China
| | - Xinghui Si
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China; Jilin Biomedical Polymers Engineering Laboratory, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Wantong Song
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China; Jilin Biomedical Polymers Engineering Laboratory, Changchun 130022, China.
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2
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Lowry E, Mitchell A. Colibactin-induced damage in bacteria is cell contact independent. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.21.600066. [PMID: 38948699 PMCID: PMC11212979 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.21.600066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
The bacterial toxin colibactin, produced primarily by the B2 phylogroup of Escherichia coli, underlies some cases of colorectal cancers. Colibactin crosslinks DNA and induces genotoxic damage in both mammalian and bacterial cells. While the mechanisms facilitating colibactin delivery remain unclear, results from multiple studies supported a delivery model that necessitates cell-cell contact. We directly tested this requirement in bacterial cultures by monitoring the spatiotemporal dynamics of the DNA damage response using a fluorescent transcriptional reporter. We found that in mixed-cell populations, DNA damage saturated within twelve hours and was detectable even in reporter cells separated from colibactin producers by hundreds of microns. Experiments with distinctly separated producer and reporter colonies revealed that the intensity of DNA damage decays similarly with distance regardless of colony contact. Our work reveals that cell contact is inconsequential for colibactin delivery in bacteria and suggests that contact-dependence needs to be reexamined in mammalian cells as well. Importance Colibactin is a bacteria-produced toxin that binds and damages DNA. It has been widely studied in mammalian cells due to its potential role in tumorigenesis. However, fundamental questions about its impact in bacteria remain underexplored. We used E. coli as a model system to study colibactin toxicity in neighboring bacteria and directly tested if cell-cell contact is required for toxicity, as has previously been proposed. We found that colibactin can induce DNA damage in bacteria hundreds of microns away and that the intensity of DNA damage presents similarly regardless of cell-cell contact. Our work further suggests that the requirement for cell-cell contact for colibactin-induced toxicity also needs to be reevaluated in mammalian cells.
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Shenker BJ, Korostoff J, Walker LP, Zekavat A, Dhingra A, Kim TJ, Boesze-Battaglia K. Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans Cytolethal Distending Toxin Induces Cellugyrin-(Synaptogyrin 2) Dependent Cellular Senescence in Oral Keratinocytes. Pathogens 2024; 13:155. [PMID: 38392893 PMCID: PMC10892517 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13020155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Recently, we reported that oral-epithelial cells (OE) are unique in their response to Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans cytolethal distending toxin (Cdt) in that cell cycle arrest (G2/M) occurs without leading to apoptosis. We now demonstrate that Cdt-induced cell cycle arrest in OE has a duration of at least 7 days with no change in viability. Moreover, toxin-treated OE develops a new phenotype consistent with cellular senescence; this includes increased senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) activity and accumulation of the lipopigment, lipofuscin. Moreover, the cells exhibit a secretory profile associated with cellular senescence known as the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), which includes IL-6, IL-8 and RANKL. Another unique feature of Cdt-induced OE senescence is disruption of barrier function, as shown by loss of transepithelial electrical resistance and confocal microscopic assessment of primary gingival keratinocyte structure. Finally, we demonstrate that Cdt-induced senescence is dependent upon the host cell protein cellugyrin, a homologue of the synaptic vesicle protein synaptogyrin. Collectively, these observations point to a novel pathogenic outcome in oral epithelium that we propose contributes to both A. actinomycetemcomitans infection and periodontal disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce J. Shenker
- Department of Basic and Translational Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (L.P.W.); (A.Z.); (A.D.); (K.B.-B.)
| | - Jonathan Korostoff
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (J.K.); (T.J.K.)
| | - Lisa P. Walker
- Department of Basic and Translational Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (L.P.W.); (A.Z.); (A.D.); (K.B.-B.)
| | - Ali Zekavat
- Department of Basic and Translational Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (L.P.W.); (A.Z.); (A.D.); (K.B.-B.)
| | - Anuradha Dhingra
- Department of Basic and Translational Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (L.P.W.); (A.Z.); (A.D.); (K.B.-B.)
| | - Taewan J. Kim
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (J.K.); (T.J.K.)
| | - Kathleen Boesze-Battaglia
- Department of Basic and Translational Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (L.P.W.); (A.Z.); (A.D.); (K.B.-B.)
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4
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Addington E, Sandalli S, Roe AJ. Current understandings of colibactin regulation. MICROBIOLOGY (READING, ENGLAND) 2024; 170:001427. [PMID: 38314762 PMCID: PMC10924459 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.001427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
The biosynthetic machinery for the production of colibactin is encoded by 19 genes (clbA - S) within the pks pathogenicity island harboured by many E. coli of the B2-phylogroup. Colibactin is a potent genotoxic metabolite which causes DNA-damage and which has potential roles in microbial competition and fitness of pks+ bacteria. Colibactin has also been strongly implicated in the development of colorectal cancer. Given the genotoxicity of colibactin and the metabolic cost of its synthesis, the regulatory system governing the clb cluster is accordingly highly complex, and many of the mechanisms remain to be elucidated. In this review we summarise the current understanding of regulation of colibactin biosynthesis by internal molecular components and how these factors are modulated by signals from the external environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Addington
- School of Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | - Sofia Sandalli
- School of Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | - Andrew J. Roe
- School of Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Scotland, UK
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5
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Jiang S, Ma W, Ma C, Zhang Z, Zhang W, Zhang J. An emerging strategy: probiotics enhance the effectiveness of tumor immunotherapy via mediating the gut microbiome. Gut Microbes 2024; 16:2341717. [PMID: 38717360 PMCID: PMC11085971 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2024.2341717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The occurrence and progression of tumors are often accompanied by disruptions in the gut microbiota. Inversely, the impact of the gut microbiota on the initiation and progression of cancer is becoming increasingly evident, influencing the tumor microenvironment (TME) for both local and distant tumors. Moreover, it is even suggested to play a significant role in the process of tumor immunotherapy, contributing to high specificity in therapeutic outcomes and long-term effectiveness across various cancer types. Probiotics, with their generally positive influence on the gut microbiota, may serve as effective agents in synergizing cancer immunotherapy. They play a crucial role in activating the immune system to inhibit tumor growth. In summary, this comprehensive review aims to provide valuable insights into the dynamic interactions between probiotics, gut microbiota, and cancer. Furthermore, we highlight recent advances and mechanisms in using probiotics to improve the effectiveness of cancer immunotherapy. By understanding these complex relationships, we may unlock innovative approaches for cancer diagnosis and treatment while optimizing the effects of immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuaiming Jiang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, PR China
| | - Wenyao Ma
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, PR China
| | - Chenchen Ma
- Department of Human Cell Biology and Genetics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Zeng Zhang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, PR China
| | - Wanli Zhang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, PR China
| | - Jiachao Zhang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, PR China
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Dalmasso G, Cougnoux A, Faïs T, Bonnin V, Mottet-Auselo B, Nguyen HTT, Sauvanet P, Barnich N, Jary M, Pezet D, Delmas J, Bonnet R. Colibactin-producing Escherichia coli enhance resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs by promoting epithelial to mesenchymal transition and cancer stem cell emergence. Gut Microbes 2024; 16:2310215. [PMID: 38374654 PMCID: PMC10880512 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2024.2310215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Human colorectal cancers (CRCs) are readily colonized by colibactin-producing E. coli (CoPEC). CoPEC induces DNA double-strand breaks, DNA mutations, genomic instability, and cellular senescence. Infected cells produce a senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), which is involved in the increase in tumorigenesis observed in CRC mouse models infected with CoPEC. This study investigated whether CoPEC, and the SASP derived from CoPEC-infected cells, impacted chemotherapeutic resistance. Human intestinal epithelial cells were infected with the CoPEC clinical 11G5 strain or with its isogenic mutant, which is unable to produce colibactin. Chemotherapeutic resistance was assessed in vitro and in a xenograft mouse model. Expressions of cancer stem cell (CSC) markers in infected cells were investigated. Data were validated using a CRC mouse model and human clinical samples. Both 11G5-infected cells, and uninfected cells incubated with the SASP produced by 11G5-infected cells exhibited an increased resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs in vitro and in vivo. This finding correlated with the induction of the epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), which led to the emergence of cells exhibiting CSC features. They grew on ultra-low attachment plates, formed colonies in soft agar, and overexpressed several CSC markers (e.g. CD133, OCT-3/4, and NANOG). In agreement with these results, murine and human CRC biopsies colonized with CoPEC exhibited higher expression levels of OCT-3/4 and NANOG than biopsies devoid of CoPEC. Conclusion: CoPEC might aggravate CRCs by inducing the emergence of cancer stem cells that are highly resistant to chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Dalmasso
- Inserm U1071, USC-INRAe INRAE USC 1382, Microbes, Intestin, Inflammation et Susceptibilité de l’Hôte (M2iSH), Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Auvergne, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Antony Cougnoux
- Inserm U1071, USC-INRAe INRAE USC 1382, Microbes, Intestin, Inflammation et Susceptibilité de l’Hôte (M2iSH), Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Auvergne, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Tiphanie Faïs
- Inserm U1071, USC-INRAe INRAE USC 1382, Microbes, Intestin, Inflammation et Susceptibilité de l’Hôte (M2iSH), Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Auvergne, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Laboratoire de Bactériologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Virginie Bonnin
- Inserm U1071, USC-INRAe INRAE USC 1382, Microbes, Intestin, Inflammation et Susceptibilité de l’Hôte (M2iSH), Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Auvergne, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Benoit Mottet-Auselo
- Inserm U1071, USC-INRAe INRAE USC 1382, Microbes, Intestin, Inflammation et Susceptibilité de l’Hôte (M2iSH), Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Auvergne, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Laboratoire de Bactériologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Hang TT Nguyen
- Inserm U1071, USC-INRAe INRAE USC 1382, Microbes, Intestin, Inflammation et Susceptibilité de l’Hôte (M2iSH), Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Auvergne, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Pierre Sauvanet
- Inserm U1071, USC-INRAe INRAE USC 1382, Microbes, Intestin, Inflammation et Susceptibilité de l’Hôte (M2iSH), Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Auvergne, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Centre de référence de la résistance aux antibiotiques, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Nicolas Barnich
- Inserm U1071, USC-INRAe INRAE USC 1382, Microbes, Intestin, Inflammation et Susceptibilité de l’Hôte (M2iSH), Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Auvergne, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Marine Jary
- Inserm U1071, USC-INRAe INRAE USC 1382, Microbes, Intestin, Inflammation et Susceptibilité de l’Hôte (M2iSH), Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Auvergne, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Service de Chirurgie Digestive, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Denis Pezet
- Inserm U1071, USC-INRAe INRAE USC 1382, Microbes, Intestin, Inflammation et Susceptibilité de l’Hôte (M2iSH), Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Auvergne, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Service de Chirurgie Digestive, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Julien Delmas
- Inserm U1071, USC-INRAe INRAE USC 1382, Microbes, Intestin, Inflammation et Susceptibilité de l’Hôte (M2iSH), Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Auvergne, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Laboratoire de Bactériologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Richard Bonnet
- Inserm U1071, USC-INRAe INRAE USC 1382, Microbes, Intestin, Inflammation et Susceptibilité de l’Hôte (M2iSH), Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Auvergne, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Laboratoire de Bactériologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Centre de référence de la résistance aux antibiotiques, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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Sfera A, Andronescu L, Britt WG, Himsl K, Klein C, Rahman L, Kozlakidis Z. Receptor-Independent Therapies for Forensic Detainees with Schizophrenia-Dementia Comorbidity. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15797. [PMID: 37958780 PMCID: PMC10647468 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Forensic institutions throughout the world house patients with severe psychiatric illness and history of criminal violations. Improved medical care, hygiene, psychiatric treatment, and nutrition led to an unmatched longevity in this population, which previously lived, on average, 15 to 20 years shorter than the public at large. On the other hand, longevity has contributed to increased prevalence of age-related diseases, including neurodegenerative disorders, which complicate clinical management, increasing healthcare expenditures. Forensic institutions, originally intended for the treatment of younger individuals, are ill-equipped for the growing number of older offenders. Moreover, as antipsychotic drugs became available in 1950s and 1960s, we are observing the first generation of forensic detainees who have aged on dopamine-blocking agents. Although the consequences of long-term treatment with these agents are unclear, schizophrenia-associated gray matter loss may contribute to the development of early dementia. Taken together, increased lifespan and the subsequent cognitive deficit observed in long-term forensic institutions raise questions and dilemmas unencountered by the previous generations of clinicians. These include: does the presence of neurocognitive dysfunction justify antipsychotic dose reduction or discontinuation despite a lifelong history of schizophrenia and violent behavior? Should neurolipidomic interventions become the standard of care in elderly individuals with lifelong schizophrenia and dementia? Can patients with schizophrenia and dementia meet the Dusky standard to stand trial? Should neurocognitive disorders in the elderly with lifelong schizophrenia be treated differently than age-related neurodegeneration? In this article, we hypothesize that gray matter loss is the core symptom of schizophrenia which leads to dementia. We hypothesize further that strategies to delay or stop gray matter depletion would not only improve the schizophrenia sustained recovery, but also avert the development of major neurocognitive disorders in people living with schizophrenia. Based on this hypothesis, we suggest utilization of both receptor-dependent and independent therapeutics for chronic psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adonis Sfera
- Paton State Hospital, 3102 Highland Ave, Patton, CA 92369, USA; (L.A.); (K.H.)
- School of Behavioral Health, Loma Linda University, 11139 Anderson St., Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, Riverside 900 University Ave, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Luminita Andronescu
- Paton State Hospital, 3102 Highland Ave, Patton, CA 92369, USA; (L.A.); (K.H.)
| | - William G. Britt
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA;
| | - Kiera Himsl
- Paton State Hospital, 3102 Highland Ave, Patton, CA 92369, USA; (L.A.); (K.H.)
| | - Carolina Klein
- California Department of State Hospitals, Sacramento, CA 95814, USA;
| | - Leah Rahman
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Oregon, 1585 E 13th Ave, Eugene, OR 97403, USA;
| | - Zisis Kozlakidis
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, 69366 Lyon Cedex, France;
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8
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Zulpa AK, Barathan M, Iyadorai T, Mariappan V, Vadivelu J, Teh CSJ, Vellasamy KM. Selective pks+ Escherichia coli strains induce cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in colon cancer cell line. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 39:333. [PMID: 37801157 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-023-03767-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
pks+ Escherichia coli (E. coli) triggers genomic instability in normal colon cells which leads to colorectal cancer (CRC) tumorigenesis. Previously, we reported a significant presentation of pks+ E. coli strains in CRC patients' biopsies as compared to healthy cohorts. In this work, using an in vitro infection model, we further explored the ability of these strains in modulating cell cycle arrest and activation of apoptotic mediators in both primary colon epithelial cells (PCE) and CRC cells (HCT-116). Sixteen strains, of which eight tumours and the matching non-malignant tissues, respectively, from eight pks+ E. coli CRC patients were subjected to BrDU staining and cell cycle analysis via flow cytometry, while a subset of these strains underwent analysis of apoptotic mediators including caspase proteins, cellular reactive oxygen species (cROS) and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) via spectrophotometry as well as proinflammatory cytokines via flow cytometry. Data revealed that all strains exerted S-phase cell cycle blockade in both cells and G2/M phase in PCE cells only. Moreover, more significant upregulation of Caspase 9, cROS, proinflammatory cytokines and prominent downregulation of MMP were detected in HCT-116 cells indicating the potential role of pks related bacterial toxin as anticancer agent as compared to PCE cells which undergo cellular senescence leading to cell death without apparent upregulation of apoptotic mediators. These findings suggest the existence of discrepancies underlying the mechanism of action of pks+ E. coli on both cancer and normal cell lines. This work propounds the rationale to further understand the mechanism underlying pks+ E. coli-mediated CRC tumorigenesis and cancer killing.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Zulpa
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - M Barathan
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - T Iyadorai
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - V Mariappan
- Center of Toxicology and Health Risk Studies (CORE), Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - J Vadivelu
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - C S J Teh
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - K M Vellasamy
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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9
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Reyes A, Ortiz G, Duarte LF, Fernández C, Hernández-Armengol R, Palacios PA, Prado Y, Andrade CA, Rodriguez-Guilarte L, Kalergis AM, Simon F, Carreño LJ, Riedel CA, Cáceres M, González PA. Contribution of viral and bacterial infections to senescence and immunosenescence. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1229098. [PMID: 37753486 PMCID: PMC10518457 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1229098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence is a key biological process characterized by irreversible cell cycle arrest. The accumulation of senescent cells creates a pro-inflammatory environment that can negatively affect tissue functions and may promote the development of aging-related diseases. Typical biomarkers related to senescence include senescence-associated β-galactosidase activity, histone H2A.X phosphorylation at serine139 (γH2A.X), and senescence-associated heterochromatin foci (SAHF) with heterochromatin protein 1γ (HP-1γ protein) Moreover, immune cells undergoing senescence, which is known as immunosenescence, can affect innate and adaptative immune functions and may elicit detrimental effects over the host's susceptibility to infectious diseases. Although associations between senescence and pathogens have been reported, clear links between both, and the related molecular mechanisms involved remain to be determined. Furthermore, it remains to be determined whether infections effectively induce senescence, the impact of senescence and immunosenescence over infections, or if both events coincidently share common molecular markers, such as γH2A.X and p53. Here, we review and discuss the most recent reports that describe cellular hallmarks and biomarkers related to senescence in immune and non-immune cells in the context of infections, seeking to better understand their relationships. Related literature was searched in Pubmed and Google Scholar databases with search terms related to the sections and subsections of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia Reyes
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Gerardo Ortiz
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Luisa F. Duarte
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Christian Fernández
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
- Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Millennium Nucleus of Ion Channel-Associated Diseases (MiNICAD), Santiago, Chile
| | - Rosario Hernández-Armengol
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pablo A. Palacios
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
- Programa de Inmunología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Yolanda Prado
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Catalina A. Andrade
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Linmar Rodriguez-Guilarte
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alexis M. Kalergis
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Endocrinología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Felipe Simon
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Leandro J. Carreño
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
- Programa de Inmunología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudia A. Riedel
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mónica Cáceres
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
- Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Millennium Nucleus of Ion Channel-Associated Diseases (MiNICAD), Santiago, Chile
| | - Pablo A. González
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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10
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Gao H, Nepovimova E, Heger Z, Valko M, Wu Q, Kuca K, Adam V. Role of hypoxia in cellular senescence. Pharmacol Res 2023; 194:106841. [PMID: 37385572 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Senescent cells persist and continuously secrete proinflammatory and tissue-remodeling molecules that poison surrounding cells, leading to various age-related diseases, including diabetes, atherosclerosis, and Alzheimer's disease. The underlying mechanism of cellular senescence has not yet been fully explored. Emerging evidence indicates that hypoxia is involved in the regulation of cellular senescence. Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)- 1α accumulates under hypoxic conditions and regulates cellular senescence by modulating the levels of the senescence markers p16, p53, lamin B1, and cyclin D1. Hypoxia is a critical condition for maintaining tumor immune evasion, which is promoted by driving the expression of genetic factors (such as p53 and CD47) while triggering immunosenescence. Under hypoxic conditions, autophagy is activated by targeting BCL-2/adenovirus E1B 19-kDa interacting protein 3, which subsequently induces p21WAF1/CIP1 as well as p16Ink4a and increases β-galactosidase (β-gal) activity, thereby inducing cellular senescence. Deletion of the p21 gene increases the activity of the hypoxia response regulator poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) and the level of nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ) proteins, repairs DNA double-strand breaks, and alleviates cellular senescence. Moreover, cellular senescence is associated with intestinal dysbiosis and an accumulation of D-galactose derived from the gut microbiota. Chronic hypoxia leads to a striking reduction in the amount of Lactobacillus and D-galactose-degrading enzymes in the gut, producing excess reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inducing senescence in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Exosomal microRNAs (miRNAs) and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play important roles in cellular senescence. miR-424-5p levels are decreased under hypoxia, whereas lncRNA-MALAT1 levels are increased, both of which induce cellular senescence. The present review focuses on recent advances in understanding the role of hypoxia in cellular senescence. The effects of HIFs, immune evasion, PARP-1, gut microbiota, and exosomal mRNA in hypoxia-mediated cell senescence are specifically discussed. This review increases our understanding of the mechanism of hypoxia-mediated cellular senescence and provides new clues for anti-aging processes and the treatment of aging-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyu Gao
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Eugenie Nepovimova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Králové, Hradec Králové 500 03, Czech Republic
| | - Zbynek Heger
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Brno 613 00, Czech Republic
| | - Marian Valko
- Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Bratislava 812 37, Slovakia
| | - Qinghua Wu
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Králové, Hradec Králové 500 03, Czech Republic.
| | - Kamil Kuca
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Králové, Hradec Králové 500 03, Czech Republic; Biomedical Research Center, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove 500 05, Czech Republic; Andalusian Research Institute in Data Science and Computational Intelligence (DaSCI), University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
| | - Vojtech Adam
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Brno 613 00, Czech Republic.
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11
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Fettucciari K, Fruganti A, Stracci F, Spaterna A, Marconi P, Bassotti G. Clostridioides difficile Toxin B Induced Senescence: A New Pathologic Player for Colorectal Cancer? Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098155. [PMID: 37175861 PMCID: PMC10179142 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Clostridioides difficile (C. difficile) is responsible for a high percentage of gastrointestinal infections and its pathological activity is due to toxins A and B. C. difficile infection (CDI) is increasing worldwide due to the unstoppable spread of C. difficile in the anthropized environment and the progressive human colonization. The ability of C. difficile toxin B to induce senescent cells and the direct correlation between CDI, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), and inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) could cause an accumulation of senescent cells with important functional consequences. Furthermore, these senescent cells characterized by long survival could push pre-neoplastic cells originating in the colon towards the complete neoplastic transformation in colorectal cancer (CRC) by the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). Pre-neoplastic cells could appear as a result of various pro-carcinogenic events, among which, are infections with bacteria that produce genotoxins that generate cells with high genetic instability. Therefore, subjects who develop IBS and/or IBD after CDI should be monitored, especially if they then have further CDI relapses, waiting for the availability of senolytic and anti-SASP therapies to resolve the pro-carcinogenic risk due to accumulation of senescent cells after CDI followed by IBS and/or IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katia Fettucciari
- Biosciences & Medical Embryology Section, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06129 Perugia, Italy
| | - Alessandro Fruganti
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62024 Matelica, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Stracci
- Public Health Section, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06129 Perugia, Italy
| | - Andrea Spaterna
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62024 Matelica, Italy
| | - Pierfrancesco Marconi
- Biosciences & Medical Embryology Section, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06129 Perugia, Italy
| | - Gabrio Bassotti
- Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Digestive Endoscopy Section, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06129 Perugia, Italy
- Gastroenterology & Hepatology Unit, Santa Maria Della Misericordia Hospital, 06129 Perugia, Italy
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12
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Chat H, Dalmasso G, Godfraind C, Bonnin V, Beyrouthy R, Bonnet M, Barnich N, Mettouchi A, Lemichez E, Bonnet R, Delmas J. Cytotoxic necrotizing factor 1 hinders colon tumorigenesis induced by colibactin-producing Escherichia coli in ApcMin/+ mice. Gut Microbes 2023; 15:2229569. [PMID: 37417545 PMCID: PMC10332217 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2023.2229569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) patients are frequently colonized by colibactin-producing Escherichia coli (CoPEC) (>40%), which enhances tumorigenesis in mouse models of CRC. We observed that 50% of CoPEC also contains the cnf1 gene, which encodes cytotoxic necrotizing factor-1 (CNF1), an enhancer of the eukaryotic cell cycle. The impact of its co-occurrence with colibactin (Clb) has not yet been investigated. We evaluated the impact of CNF1 on colorectal tumorigenesis using human colonic epithelial HT-29 cells and CRC-susceptible ApcMin/+ mice inoculated with the CoPEC 21F8 clinical strain (Clb+Cnf+) or 21F8 isogenic mutants (Clb+Cnf-, Clb-Cnf+ and Clb-Cnf-). Infection with the Clb+Cnf- strain induced higher levels of inflammatory cytokines and senescence markers both in vitro and in vivo compared to those induced by infection with the Clb+Cnf+ strain. In contrast, the Clb+Cnf- and Clb+Cnf+ strains generated similar levels of DNA damage in HT-29 cells and in colonic murine tissues. Furthermore, the ApcMin/+ mice inoculated with the Clb+Cnf- strain developed significantly more tumors than the mice inoculated with the Clb+Cnf+ strain or the isogenic mutants, and the composition of their microbiota was changed. Finally, rectal administration of the CNF1 protein in ApcMin/+ mice inoculated with the Clb+Cnf- strain significantly decreased tumorigenesis and inflammation. Overall, this study provides evidence that CNF1 decreases the carcinogenic effects of CoPEC in ApcMin/+ mice by decreasing CoPEC-induced cellular senescence and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Héloïse Chat
- Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Auvergne, University Clermont Auvergne, Inserm U1071, INRAE USC 1382, Microbes, Intestin, Inflammation et Susceptibilité de l’Hôte (M2iSH), Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Guillaume Dalmasso
- Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Auvergne, University Clermont Auvergne, Inserm U1071, INRAE USC 1382, Microbes, Intestin, Inflammation et Susceptibilité de l’Hôte (M2iSH), Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Catherine Godfraind
- Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Auvergne, University Clermont Auvergne, Inserm U1071, INRAE USC 1382, Microbes, Intestin, Inflammation et Susceptibilité de l’Hôte (M2iSH), Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Neuropathology Unit, University Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Virginie Bonnin
- Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Auvergne, University Clermont Auvergne, Inserm U1071, INRAE USC 1382, Microbes, Intestin, Inflammation et Susceptibilité de l’Hôte (M2iSH), Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Racha Beyrouthy
- Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Auvergne, University Clermont Auvergne, Inserm U1071, INRAE USC 1382, Microbes, Intestin, Inflammation et Susceptibilité de l’Hôte (M2iSH), Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Mathilde Bonnet
- Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Auvergne, University Clermont Auvergne, Inserm U1071, INRAE USC 1382, Microbes, Intestin, Inflammation et Susceptibilité de l’Hôte (M2iSH), Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Institut Universitaire de Technologie, University Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Nicolas Barnich
- Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Auvergne, University Clermont Auvergne, Inserm U1071, INRAE USC 1382, Microbes, Intestin, Inflammation et Susceptibilité de l’Hôte (M2iSH), Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Institut Universitaire de Technologie, University Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Amel Mettouchi
- Institut Pasteur, University of Paris, CNRS UMR2001, Paris, France
| | | | - Richard Bonnet
- Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Auvergne, University Clermont Auvergne, Inserm U1071, INRAE USC 1382, Microbes, Intestin, Inflammation et Susceptibilité de l’Hôte (M2iSH), Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Department of Bacteriology, University Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Julien Delmas
- Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Auvergne, University Clermont Auvergne, Inserm U1071, INRAE USC 1382, Microbes, Intestin, Inflammation et Susceptibilité de l’Hôte (M2iSH), Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Department of Bacteriology, University Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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Oliero M, Hajjar R, Cuisiniere T, Fragoso G, Calvé A, Dagbert F, Loungnarath R, Sebajang H, Schwenter F, Wassef R, Ratelle R, De Broux É, Richard CS, Santos MM. Prevalence of pks + bacteria and enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis in patients with colorectal cancer. Gut Pathog 2022; 14:51. [PMID: 36578036 PMCID: PMC9798702 DOI: 10.1186/s13099-022-00523-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most diagnosed cancer and the second most common cause of cancer deaths worldwide. CRC patients present with an increase in pathogens in their gut microbiota, such as polyketide synthase-positive bacteria (pks +) and enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis (ETBF). The pks + Escherichia coli promotes carcinogenesis and facilitates CRC progression through the production of colibactin, a genotoxin that induces double-strand DNA breaks (DSBs). ETBF is a procarcinogenic bacterium producing the B. fragilis toxin (bft) that promotes colorectal carcinogenesis by modulating the mucosal immune response and inducing epithelial cell changes. METHODS Fecal samples were collected from healthy controls (N = 62) and CRC patients (N = 94) from the province of Québec (Canada), and a bacterial DNA extraction was performed. Fecal DNA samples were then examined for the presence of the pks island gene and bft using conventional qualitative PCR. RESULTS We found that a high proportion of healthy controls are colonized by pks + bacteria (42%) and that these levels were similar in CRC patients (46%). bft was detected in 21% of healthy controls and 32% of CRC patients, while double colonization by both pks + bacteria and ETBF occurred in 8% of the healthy controls and 13% of the CRC patients. Most importantly, we found that early-onset CRC (< 50 years) patients were significantly less colonized with pks + bacteria (20%) compared to late-onset CRC patients (52%). CONCLUSIONS Healthy controls had similar levels of pks + bacteria and ETBF colonization as CRC patients, and their elevated levels may place both groups at greater risk of developing CRC. Colonization with pks + bacteria was less prevalent in early-compared to late-onset CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manon Oliero
- grid.410559.c0000 0001 0743 2111Nutrition and Microbiome Laboratory, Institut du cancer de Montréal, Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), 900 Rue Saint Denis, Montréal, QC H2X 0A9 Canada
| | - Roy Hajjar
- grid.410559.c0000 0001 0743 2111Nutrition and Microbiome Laboratory, Institut du cancer de Montréal, Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), 900 Rue Saint Denis, Montréal, QC H2X 0A9 Canada ,grid.14848.310000 0001 2292 3357Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, 2900 Boulevard Édouard-Montpetit, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4 Canada ,grid.410559.c0000 0001 0743 2111Digestive Surgery Service, Department of Surgery, Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CHUM), 1000 Rue Saint-Denis, Montréal, Québec H2X 0C1 Canada
| | - Thibault Cuisiniere
- grid.410559.c0000 0001 0743 2111Nutrition and Microbiome Laboratory, Institut du cancer de Montréal, Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), 900 Rue Saint Denis, Montréal, QC H2X 0A9 Canada
| | - Gabriela Fragoso
- grid.410559.c0000 0001 0743 2111Nutrition and Microbiome Laboratory, Institut du cancer de Montréal, Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), 900 Rue Saint Denis, Montréal, QC H2X 0A9 Canada
| | - Annie Calvé
- grid.410559.c0000 0001 0743 2111Nutrition and Microbiome Laboratory, Institut du cancer de Montréal, Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), 900 Rue Saint Denis, Montréal, QC H2X 0A9 Canada
| | - François Dagbert
- grid.410559.c0000 0001 0743 2111Digestive Surgery Service, Department of Surgery, Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CHUM), 1000 Rue Saint-Denis, Montréal, Québec H2X 0C1 Canada
| | - Rasmy Loungnarath
- grid.410559.c0000 0001 0743 2111Digestive Surgery Service, Department of Surgery, Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CHUM), 1000 Rue Saint-Denis, Montréal, Québec H2X 0C1 Canada
| | - Herawaty Sebajang
- grid.410559.c0000 0001 0743 2111Digestive Surgery Service, Department of Surgery, Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CHUM), 1000 Rue Saint-Denis, Montréal, Québec H2X 0C1 Canada
| | - Frank Schwenter
- grid.410559.c0000 0001 0743 2111Digestive Surgery Service, Department of Surgery, Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CHUM), 1000 Rue Saint-Denis, Montréal, Québec H2X 0C1 Canada
| | - Ramses Wassef
- grid.410559.c0000 0001 0743 2111Digestive Surgery Service, Department of Surgery, Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CHUM), 1000 Rue Saint-Denis, Montréal, Québec H2X 0C1 Canada
| | - Richard Ratelle
- grid.410559.c0000 0001 0743 2111Digestive Surgery Service, Department of Surgery, Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CHUM), 1000 Rue Saint-Denis, Montréal, Québec H2X 0C1 Canada
| | - Éric De Broux
- grid.410559.c0000 0001 0743 2111Digestive Surgery Service, Department of Surgery, Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CHUM), 1000 Rue Saint-Denis, Montréal, Québec H2X 0C1 Canada
| | - Carole S. Richard
- grid.14848.310000 0001 2292 3357Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, 2900 Boulevard Édouard-Montpetit, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4 Canada ,grid.410559.c0000 0001 0743 2111Digestive Surgery Service, Department of Surgery, Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CHUM), 1000 Rue Saint-Denis, Montréal, Québec H2X 0C1 Canada
| | - Manuela M. Santos
- grid.410559.c0000 0001 0743 2111Nutrition and Microbiome Laboratory, Institut du cancer de Montréal, Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), 900 Rue Saint Denis, Montréal, QC H2X 0A9 Canada ,grid.14848.310000 0001 2292 3357Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, 2900 Boulevard Édouard-Montpetit, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4 Canada
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Zhou X, Kandalai S, Hossain F, Zheng Q. Tumor microbiome metabolism: A game changer in cancer development and therapy. Front Oncol 2022; 12:933407. [PMID: 35936744 PMCID: PMC9351545 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.933407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating recent evidence indicates that the human microbiome plays essential roles in pathophysiological states, including cancer. The tumor microbiome, an emerging concept that has not yet been clearly defined, has been proven to influence both cancer development and therapy through complex mechanisms. Small molecule metabolites produced by the tumor microbiome through unique biosynthetic pathways can easily diffuse into tissues and penetrate cell membranes through transporters or free diffusion, thus remodeling the signaling pathways of cancer and immune cells by interacting with biomacromolecules. Targeting tumor microbiome metabolism could offer a novel perspective for not only understanding cancer progression but also developing new strategies for the treatment of multiple cancer types. Here, we summarize recent advances regarding the role the tumor microbiome plays as a game changer in cancer biology. Specifically, the metabolites produced by the tumor microbiome and their potential effects on the cancer development therapy are discussed to understand the importance of the microbial metabolism in the tumor microenvironment. Finally, new anticancer therapeutic strategies that target tumor microbiome metabolism are reviewed and proposed to provide new insights in clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhuang Zhou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
- Center for Cancer Metabolism, James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Shruthi Kandalai
- Department of Radiation Oncology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
- Center for Cancer Metabolism, James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Farzana Hossain
- Department of Radiation Oncology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
- Center for Cancer Metabolism, James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Qingfei Zheng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
- Center for Cancer Metabolism, James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
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15
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Tang JW, Liu X, Ye W, Li ZR, Qian PY. Biosynthesis and bioactivities of microbial genotoxin colibactins. Nat Prod Rep 2022; 39:991-1014. [PMID: 35288725 DOI: 10.1039/d1np00050k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Covering: up to 2021Colibactin(s), a group of secondary metabolites produced by the pks island (clb cluster) of Escherichia coli, shows genotoxicity relevant to colorectal cancer and thus significantly affects human health. Over the last 15 years, substantial efforts have been exerted to reveal the molecular structure of colibactin, but progress is slow owing to its instability, low titer, and elusive and complex biosynthesis logic. Fortunately, benefiting from the discovery of the prodrug mechanism, over 40 precursors of colibactin have been reported. Some key biosynthesis genes located on the pks island have also been characterised. Using an integrated bioinformatics, metabolomics, and chemical synthesis approach, researchers have recently characterised the structure and possible biosynthesis processes of colibactin, thereby providing new insights into the unique biosynthesis logic and the underlying mechanism of the biological activity of colibactin. Early developments in the study of colibactin have been summarised in several previous reviews covering various study periods, whereas the two most recent reviews have focused primarily on the chemical synthesis of colibactin. The present review aims to provide an update on the biosynthesis and bioactivities of colibactin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Wei Tang
- Department of Ocean Science, Hong Kong Branch of Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China. .,Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou 511458, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Ocean Science, Hong Kong Branch of Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China. .,Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou 511458, China
| | - Wei Ye
- Department of Ocean Science, Hong Kong Branch of Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Zhong-Rui Li
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Pei-Yuan Qian
- Department of Ocean Science, Hong Kong Branch of Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China. .,Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou 511458, China
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16
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Nouri R, Hasani A, Asgharzadeh M, Sefidan FY, Hemmati F, Rezaee MA. Roles of gut microbiota in colorectal carcinogenesis providing a perspective for early diagnosis and treatment. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2022; 23:1569-1580. [PMID: 35255786 DOI: 10.2174/1389201023666220307112413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most prevalent malignant neoplasm in the world. CRC is influenced by both environmental and genetic factors. Through toxin-mediated DNA damage and promotion of persistent dysregulated inflammation, the gut microbiota plays a crucial role in the development of CRC. In this review, we discussed the correlation between the bacterial microbiota and CRC carcinogenesis as well as the mechanism by which Streptococcus bovis/gallolyticus, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Bacteroides fragilis, and Escherichia coli can cause CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roghayeh Nouri
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Alka Hasani
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Asgharzadeh
- Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Yeganeh Sefidan
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Hemmati
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ahangarzadeh Rezaee
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
- Clinical Research Development Unit of Children Educational, Research and Treatment Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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17
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Tang-Fichaux M, Branchu P, Nougayrède JP, Oswald E. Tackling the Threat of Cancer Due to Pathobionts Producing Colibactin: Is Mesalamine the Magic Bullet? Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:toxins13120897. [PMID: 34941734 PMCID: PMC8703417 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13120897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Colibactin is a genotoxin produced primarily by Escherichia coli harboring the genomic pks island (pks+ E. coli). Pks+ E. coli cause host cell DNA damage, leading to chromosomal instability and gene mutations. The signature of colibactin-induced mutations has been described and found in human colorectal cancer (CRC) genomes. An inflamed intestinal environment drives the expansion of pks+ E. coli and promotes tumorigenesis. Mesalamine (i.e., 5-aminosalycilic acid), an effective anti-inflammatory drug, is an inhibitor of the bacterial polyphosphate kinase (PPK). This drug not only inhibits the production of intestinal inflammatory mediators and the proliferation of CRC cells, but also limits the abundance of E. coli in the gut microbiota and diminishes the production of colibactin. Here, we describe the link between intestinal inflammation and colorectal cancer induced by pks+ E. coli. We discuss the potential mechanisms of the pleiotropic role of mesalamine in treating both inflammatory bowel diseases and reducing the risk of CRC due to pks+ E. coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Tang-Fichaux
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRAE, ENVT, UPS, 31024 Toulouse, France; (M.T.-F.); (P.B.); (J.-P.N.)
| | - Priscilla Branchu
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRAE, ENVT, UPS, 31024 Toulouse, France; (M.T.-F.); (P.B.); (J.-P.N.)
| | - Jean-Philippe Nougayrède
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRAE, ENVT, UPS, 31024 Toulouse, France; (M.T.-F.); (P.B.); (J.-P.N.)
| | - Eric Oswald
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRAE, ENVT, UPS, 31024 Toulouse, France; (M.T.-F.); (P.B.); (J.-P.N.)
- Service de Bactériology-Hygiène, Hôpital Purpan, CHU de Toulouse, 31059 Toulouse, France
- Correspondence:
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Nouri R, Hasani A, Masnadi Shirazi K, Alivand MR, Sepehri B, Sotoudeh S, Hemmati F, Fattahzadeh A, Abdinia B, Ahangarzadeh Rezaee M. Mucosa-Associated Escherichia coli in Colorectal Cancer Patients and Control Subjects: Variations in the Prevalence and Attributing Features. THE CANADIAN JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES & MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY = JOURNAL CANADIEN DES MALADIES INFECTIEUSES ET DE LA MICROBIOLOGIE MEDICALE 2021; 2021:2131787. [PMID: 34795808 PMCID: PMC8594973 DOI: 10.1155/2021/2131787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence indicates that specific strains of mucosa-associated Escherichia coli (E. coli) can influence the development of colorectal carcinoma. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and characterization of mucosa-associated E. coli obtained from the colorectal cancer (CRC) patients and control group. At two referral university-affiliated hospitals in northwest Iran, 100 patients, 50 with CRC and 50 without, were studied over the course of a year. Fresh biopsy specimens were used to identify mucosa-associated E. coli isolates after dithiothreitol mucolysis. To classify the E. coli strains, ten colonies per sample were typed using enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus-based PCR (ERIC-PCR). The strains were classified into phylogroups using the quadruplex PCR method. The PCR method was used to examine for the presence of cyclomodulin, bfp, stx1, stx2, and eae-encoding genes. The strains were tested for biofilm formation using the microtiter plate assay. CRC patients had more mucosa-associated E. coli than the control group (p < 0.05). Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) was also found in 23% of CRC strains and 7.1% of control strains (p < 0.05). Phylogroup A was predominant in control group specimens, while E. coli isolates from CRC patients belonged most frequently to phylogroups D and B2. Furthermore, the frequency of cyclomodulin-encoding genes in the CRC patients was significantly higher than the control group. Around 36.9% of E. coli strains from CRC samples were able to form biofilms, compared to 16.6% E. coli strains from the control group (p < 0.05). Noticeably, cyclomodulin-positive strains were more likely to form biofilm in comparison to cyclomodulin-negative strains (p < 0.05). In conclusion, mucosa-associated E. coli especially cyclomodulin-positive isolates from B2 and D phylogroups possessing biofilm-producing capacity colonize the gut mucosa of CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roghayeh Nouri
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Alka Hasani
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Kourosh Masnadi Shirazi
- Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Alivand
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Bita Sepehri
- Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Simin Sotoudeh
- Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Hemmati
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Afshin Fattahzadeh
- Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Babak Abdinia
- Pediatric Health Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ahangarzadeh Rezaee
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Clinical Research Development Unit of Children Educational, Research and Treatment Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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19
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Lee KA, Luong MK, Shaw H, Nathan P, Bataille V, Spector TD. The gut microbiome: what the oncologist ought to know. Br J Cancer 2021; 125:1197-1209. [PMID: 34262150 PMCID: PMC8548300 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-021-01467-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiome (GM) has been implicated in a vast number of human pathologies and has become a focus of oncology research over the past 5 years. The normal gut microbiota imparts specific function in host nutrient metabolism, xenobiotic and drug metabolism, maintenance of structural integrity of the gut mucosal barrier, immunomodulation and protection against pathogens. Strong evidence is emerging to support the effects of the GM on the development of some malignancies but also on responses to cancer therapies, most notably, immune checkpoint inhibition. Tools for manipulating the GM including dietary modification, probiotics and faecal microbiota transfer (FMT) are in development. Current understandings of the many complex interrelationships between the GM, cancer, the immune system, nutrition and medication are ultimately based on a combination of short-term clinical trials and observational studies, paired with an ever-evolving understanding of cancer biology. The next generation of personalised cancer therapies focusses on molecular and phenotypic heterogeneity, tumour evolution and immune status; it is distinctly possible that the GM will become an increasingly central focus amongst them. The aim of this review is to provide clinicians with an overview of microbiome science and our current understanding of the role the GM plays in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- K A Lee
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK.
- Department of Medical Oncology, Mount Vernon Hospital, Northwood, UK.
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Royal Marsden, London, UK.
| | - M K Luong
- Department of Medical Oncology, Guy's & St Thomas Hospital, London, UK
| | - H Shaw
- Department of Medical Oncology, Mount Vernon Hospital, Northwood, UK
- Early Phase Trial Unit, Department of Medical Oncology, University College London Hospital, London, UK
| | - P Nathan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Mount Vernon Hospital, Northwood, UK
| | - V Bataille
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
- Department of Dermatology, Mount Vernon Hospital, Northwood, UK
| | - T D Spector
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
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20
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Nouri R, Hasani A, Shirazi KM, Aliand MR, Sepehri B, Sotoodeh S, Hemmati F, Rezaee MA. Escherichia coli and colorectal cancer: Unfolding the enigmatic relationship. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2021; 23:1257-1268. [PMID: 34514986 DOI: 10.2174/1389201022666210910094827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the deadliest cancers in the world. Specific strains of intestinal Escherichia coli (E. coli) may influence the initiation and development of CRC by exploiting virulence factors and inflammatory pathways. Mucosa-associated E. coli strains are more prevalent in CRC biopsies in comparison to healthy controls. Moreover, these strains can survive and replicate within macrophages and induce a pro-inflammatory response. Chronic exposure to inflammatory mediators can lead to increased cell proliferation and cancer. Production of colobactin toxin by the majority of mucosa-associated E. coli isolated from CRC patients is another notable finding. Colibactin-producing E. coli strains, in particular, induce double-strand DNA breaks, stop the cell cycle, involve in chromosomal rearrangements of mammalian cells and are implicated in carcinogenic effects in animal models. Moreover, some enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) strains are able to survive and replicate in colon cells as chronic intracellular pathogens and may promote susceptibility to CRC by downregulation of DNA Mismatch Repair (MMR) proteins. In this review, we discuss current evidence and focus on the mechanisms by which E. coli can influence the development of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rogayeh Nouri
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz. Iran
| | - Alka Hasani
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz. Iran
| | - Kourosh Masnadi Shirazi
- Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz. Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Aliand
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz. Iran
| | - Bita Sepehri
- Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz. Iran
| | - Simin Sotoodeh
- Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz. Iran
| | - Fatemeh Hemmati
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz. Iran
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21
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Fan X, Jin Y, Chen G, Ma X, Zhang L. Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis Drives the Development of Colorectal Cancer. Digestion 2021; 102:508-515. [PMID: 32932258 DOI: 10.1159/000508328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The gut microbiota is a diverse community of microbes that maintain the stability of the intestinal environment. Dysbiosis of the gut microbiota has been linked to gastrointestinal diseases, such as colorectal cancer (CRC) - a leading cause of death for cancer patients. SUMMARY Candidate pathogens have been identified using bacterial culture and high-throughput sequencing techniques. Currently, there is evidence to show that specific intestinal microbes drive CRC development and progression, yet their pathogenic mechanisms are still unclear. Key Messages: In this review, we describe the known healthy gut microbiota and its changes in CRC. We especially focus on exploring the pathogenic mechanisms of gut microbiota dysbiosis in CRC. This is crucial for explaining how gut microbiota dysbiosis drives the process of colorectal carcinogenesis and tumor progression. Evaluation of changes in the gut microbiota during CRC development and progression offers a new strategy for the diagnosis and treatment of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Fan
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Taizhou University Hospital, Taizhou University, Taizhou, China.,Department of Neurology, Taizhou Second People's Hospital, Taizhou, China
| | - Yuelei Jin
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Taizhou University Hospital, Taizhou University, Taizhou, China
| | - Guang Chen
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Taizhou University Hospital, Taizhou University, Taizhou, China
| | - Xueqiang Ma
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Municipal Hospital Affiliated to Medical School of Taizhou University, Taizhou, China
| | - Lixia Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Taizhou Second People's Hospital, Taizhou, China,
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22
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Wang P, Zhang J, Chen Y, Zhong H, Wang H, Li J, Zhu G, Xia P, Cui L, Li J, Dong J, Gao Q, Meng X. ClbG in Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli Contributes to Meningitis Development in a Mouse Model. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:546. [PMID: 34437417 PMCID: PMC8402462 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13080546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Colibactin is a complex secondary metabolite that leads to genotoxicity that interferes with the eukaryotic cell cycle. It plays an important role in many diseases, including neonatal mouse sepsis and meningitis. Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) is responsible for several diseases in the poultry industry and may threaten human health due to its potential zoonosis. In this study, we confirmed that clbG was necessary for the APEC XM strain to produce colibactin. The deletion of clbG on APEC XM contributed to lowered γH2AX expression, no megalocytosis, and no cell cycle arrest in vitro. None of the 4-week Institute of Cancer Research mice infected with the APEC XM ΔclbG contracted meningitis or displayed weakened clinical symptoms. Fewer histopathological lesions were observed in the APEC XM ΔclbG group. The bacterial colonization of tissues and the relative expression of cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α) in the brains decreased significantly in the APEC XM ΔclbG group compared to those in the APEC XM group. The tight junction proteins (claudin-5, occludin, and ZO-1) were not significantly destroyed in APEC XM ΔclbG group in vivo and in vitro. In conclusion, clbG is necessary for the synthesis of the genotoxin colibactin and affects the development of APEC meningitis in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peili Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (P.W.); (J.Z.); (Y.C.); (H.Z.); (H.W.); (J.L.); (G.Z.); (P.X.); (L.C.); (J.L.); (J.D.); (Q.G.)
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Jiaxiang Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (P.W.); (J.Z.); (Y.C.); (H.Z.); (H.W.); (J.L.); (G.Z.); (P.X.); (L.C.); (J.L.); (J.D.); (Q.G.)
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yanfei Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (P.W.); (J.Z.); (Y.C.); (H.Z.); (H.W.); (J.L.); (G.Z.); (P.X.); (L.C.); (J.L.); (J.D.); (Q.G.)
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Haoran Zhong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (P.W.); (J.Z.); (Y.C.); (H.Z.); (H.W.); (J.L.); (G.Z.); (P.X.); (L.C.); (J.L.); (J.D.); (Q.G.)
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Heng Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (P.W.); (J.Z.); (Y.C.); (H.Z.); (H.W.); (J.L.); (G.Z.); (P.X.); (L.C.); (J.L.); (J.D.); (Q.G.)
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Jianji Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (P.W.); (J.Z.); (Y.C.); (H.Z.); (H.W.); (J.L.); (G.Z.); (P.X.); (L.C.); (J.L.); (J.D.); (Q.G.)
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Guoqiang Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (P.W.); (J.Z.); (Y.C.); (H.Z.); (H.W.); (J.L.); (G.Z.); (P.X.); (L.C.); (J.L.); (J.D.); (Q.G.)
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Pengpeng Xia
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (P.W.); (J.Z.); (Y.C.); (H.Z.); (H.W.); (J.L.); (G.Z.); (P.X.); (L.C.); (J.L.); (J.D.); (Q.G.)
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Luying Cui
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (P.W.); (J.Z.); (Y.C.); (H.Z.); (H.W.); (J.L.); (G.Z.); (P.X.); (L.C.); (J.L.); (J.D.); (Q.G.)
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Jun Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (P.W.); (J.Z.); (Y.C.); (H.Z.); (H.W.); (J.L.); (G.Z.); (P.X.); (L.C.); (J.L.); (J.D.); (Q.G.)
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Junsheng Dong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (P.W.); (J.Z.); (Y.C.); (H.Z.); (H.W.); (J.L.); (G.Z.); (P.X.); (L.C.); (J.L.); (J.D.); (Q.G.)
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Qingqing Gao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (P.W.); (J.Z.); (Y.C.); (H.Z.); (H.W.); (J.L.); (G.Z.); (P.X.); (L.C.); (J.L.); (J.D.); (Q.G.)
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Xia Meng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (P.W.); (J.Z.); (Y.C.); (H.Z.); (H.W.); (J.L.); (G.Z.); (P.X.); (L.C.); (J.L.); (J.D.); (Q.G.)
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China
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23
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Lopez Chiloeches M, Bergonzini A, Frisan T. Bacterial Toxins Are a Never-Ending Source of Surprises: From Natural Born Killers to Negotiators. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:426. [PMID: 34204481 PMCID: PMC8235270 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13060426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The idea that bacterial toxins are not only killers but also execute more sophisticated roles during bacteria-host interactions by acting as negotiators has been highlighted in the past decades. Depending on the toxin, its cellular target and mode of action, the final regulatory outcome can be different. In this review, we have focused on two families of bacterial toxins: genotoxins and pore-forming toxins, which have different modes of action but share the ability to modulate the host's immune responses, independently of their capacity to directly kill immune cells. We have addressed their immuno-suppressive effects with the perspective that these may help bacteria to avoid clearance by the host's immune response and, concomitantly, limit detrimental immunopathology. These are optimal conditions for the establishment of a persistent infection, eventually promoting asymptomatic carriers. This immunomodulatory effect can be achieved with different strategies such as suppression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, re-polarization of the immune response from a pro-inflammatory to a tolerogenic state, and bacterial fitness modulation to favour tissue colonization while preventing bacteraemia. An imbalance in each of those effects can lead to disease due to either uncontrolled bacterial proliferation/invasion, immunopathology, or both.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Teresa Frisan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Umeå Centre for Microbial Research (UCMR), Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden; (M.L.C.); (A.B.)
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24
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Mathiasen SL, Gall-Mas L, Pateras IS, Theodorou SDP, Namini MRJ, Hansen MB, Martin OCB, Vadivel CK, Ntostoglou K, Butter D, Givskov M, Geisler C, Akbar AN, Gorgoulis VG, Frisan T, Ødum N, Krejsgaard T. Bacterial genotoxins induce T cell senescence. Cell Rep 2021; 35:109220. [PMID: 34107253 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Several types of pathogenic bacteria produce genotoxins that induce DNA damage in host cells. Accumulating evidence suggests that a central function of these genotoxins is to dysregulate the host's immune response, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. To address this issue, we investigated the effects of the most widely expressed bacterial genotoxin, the cytolethal distending toxin (CDT), on T cells-the key mediators of adaptive immunity. We show that CDT induces premature senescence in activated CD4 T cells in vitro and provide evidence suggesting that infection with genotoxin-producing bacteria promotes T cell senescence in vivo. Moreover, we demonstrate that genotoxin-induced senescent CD4 T cells assume a senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) which, at least partly, is orchestrated by the ATM-p38 signaling axis. These findings provide insight into the immunomodulatory properties of bacterial genotoxins and uncover a putative link between bacterial infections and T cell senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah L Mathiasen
- LEO Foundation Skin Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Laura Gall-Mas
- LEO Foundation Skin Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ioannis S Pateras
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, National Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Sofia D P Theodorou
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, National Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Martin R J Namini
- LEO Foundation Skin Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Morten B Hansen
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Océane C B Martin
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Chella Krishna Vadivel
- LEO Foundation Skin Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Konstantinos Ntostoglou
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, National Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Deborah Butter
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Michael Givskov
- Costerton Biofilm Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Carsten Geisler
- LEO Foundation Skin Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Arne N Akbar
- Division of Medicine, University College London, London WC1E 6JF, UK
| | - Vassilis G Gorgoulis
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, National Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; Faculty Institute for Cancer Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Teresa Frisan
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Molecular Biology and Umeå Center for Microbial Research (UCMR), Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Niels Ødum
- LEO Foundation Skin Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thorbjørn Krejsgaard
- LEO Foundation Skin Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.
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25
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Kim SH, Lim YJ. The role of microbiome in colorectal carcinogenesis and its clinical potential as a target for cancer treatment. Intest Res 2021; 20:31-42. [PMID: 34015206 PMCID: PMC8831768 DOI: 10.5217/ir.2021.00034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of gut microbiome-intestinal immune complex in the development of colorectal cancer and its progression is well recognized. Accordingly, certain microbial strains tend to colonize or vanish in patients with colorectal cancer. Probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics are expected to exhibit both anti-tumor effects and chemopreventive effects during cancer treatment through mechanisms such as xenometabolism, immune interactions, and altered eco-community. Microbial modulation can also be safely used to prevent complications during peri-operational periods of colorectal surgery. A deeper understanding of the role of intestinal microbiota as a target for colorectal cancer treatment will lead the way to a better prognosis for colorectal cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Hoon Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Goyang, Korea
| | - Yun Jeong Lim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Goyang, Korea
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26
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Martin OCB, Bergonzini A, Lopez Chiloeches M, Paparouna E, Butter D, Theodorou SDP, Haykal MM, Boutet-Robinet E, Tebaldi T, Wakeham A, Rhen M, Gorgoulis VG, Mak T, Pateras IS, Frisan T. Influence of the microenvironment on modulation of the host response by typhoid toxin. Cell Rep 2021; 35:108931. [PMID: 33826883 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.108931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial genotoxins cause DNA damage in eukaryotic cells, resulting in activation of the DNA damage response (DDR) in vitro. These toxins are produced by Gram-negative bacteria, enriched in the microbiota of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. However, their role in infection remains poorly characterized. We address the role of typhoid toxin in modulation of the host-microbial interaction in health and disease. Infection with a genotoxigenic Salmonella protects mice from intestinal inflammation. We show that the presence of an active genotoxin promotes DNA fragmentation and senescence in vivo, which is uncoupled from an inflammatory response and unexpectedly associated with induction of an anti-inflammatory environment. The anti-inflammatory response is lost when infection occurs in mice with acute colitis. These data highlight a complex context-dependent crosstalk between bacterial-genotoxin-induced DDR and the host immune response, underlining an unexpected role for bacterial genotoxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Océane C B Martin
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Bergonzini
- Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Umeå Centre for Microbial Research (UCMR), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Maria Lopez Chiloeches
- Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Umeå Centre for Microbial Research (UCMR), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Eleni Paparouna
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Deborah Butter
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sofia D P Theodorou
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria M Haykal
- Université Paris-Saclay, Institut Gustave Roussy, Inserm U981, Biomarqueurs prédictifs et nouvelles stratégies thérapeutiques en oncologie, 94800 Villejuif, France
| | - Elisa Boutet-Robinet
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Toma Tebaldi
- Center for Biomedical Data Science, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Andrew Wakeham
- The Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, Princess Margaret Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mikael Rhen
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Vassilis G Gorgoulis
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece; Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece; Institute for Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK; Manchester Centre for Cellular Metabolism, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Tak Mak
- The Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, Princess Margaret Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ioannis S Pateras
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Teresa Frisan
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Umeå Centre for Microbial Research (UCMR), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
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27
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Abstract
The human microbiome encodes a second genome that dwarfs the genetic capacity of the host. Microbiota-derived small molecules can directly target human cells and their receptors or indirectly modulate host responses through functional interactions with other microbes in their ecological niche. Their biochemical complexity has profound implications for nutrition, immune system development, disease progression, and drug metabolism, as well as the variation in these processes that exists between individuals. While the species composition of the human microbiome has been deeply explored, detailed mechanistic studies linking specific microbial molecules to host phenotypes are still nascent. In this review, we discuss challenges in decoding these interaction networks, which require interdisciplinary approaches that combine chemical biology, microbiology, immunology, genetics, analytical chemistry, bioinformatics, and synthetic biology. We highlight important classes of microbiota-derived small molecules and notable examples. An understanding of these molecular mechanisms is central to realizing the potential of precision microbiome editing in health, disease, and therapeutic responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilee E Shine
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06536, USA; .,Chemical Biology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, Connecticut 06516, USA.,Current affiliation: Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Jason M Crawford
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06536, USA; .,Chemical Biology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, Connecticut 06516, USA.,Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
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28
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Oliero M, Calvé A, Fragoso G, Cuisiniere T, Hajjar R, Dobrindt U, Santos MM. Oligosaccharides increase the genotoxic effect of colibactin produced by pks+ Escherichia coli strains. BMC Cancer 2021; 21:172. [PMID: 33596864 PMCID: PMC7890614 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-021-07876-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colibactin is a genotoxin that induces DNA double-strand breaks that may lead to carcinogenesis and is produced by Escherichia coli strains harboring the pks island. Human and animal studies have shown that colibactin-producing gut bacteria promote carcinogenesis and enhance the progression of colorectal cancer through cellular senescence and chromosomal abnormalities. In this study, we investigated the impact of prebiotics on the genotoxicity of colibactin-producing E. coli strains Nissle 1917 and NC101. METHODS Bacteria were grown in medium supplemented with 20, 30 and 40 mg/mL of prebiotics inulin or galacto-oligosaccharide, and with or without 5 μM, 25 μM and 125 μM of ferrous sulfate. Colibactin expression was assessed by luciferase reporter assay for the clbA gene, essential for colibactin production, in E. coli Nissle 1917 and by RT-PCR in E. coli NC101. The human epithelial colorectal adenocarcinoma cell line, Caco-2, was used to assess colibactin-induced megalocytosis by methylene blue binding assay and genotoxicity by γ-H2AX immunofluorescence analysis. RESULTS Inulin and galacto-oligosaccharide enhanced the expression of clbA in pks+ E. coli. However, the addition of 125 μM of ferrous sulfate inhibited the expression of clbA triggered by oligosaccharides. In the presence of either oligosaccharide, E. coli NC101 increased dysplasia and DNA double-strand breaks in Caco-2 cells compared to untreated cells. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that, in vitro, prebiotic oligosaccharides exacerbate DNA damage induced by colibactin-producing bacteria. Further studies are necessary to establish whether oligosaccharide supplementation may lead to increased colorectal tumorigenesis in animal models colonized with pks+ E. coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manon Oliero
- Nutrition and Microbiome Laboratory, Institut du cancer de Montréal, Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), 900 Rue Saint Denis, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9 Canada
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, 2900 boulevard Édouard-Montpetit, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4 Canada
| | - Annie Calvé
- Nutrition and Microbiome Laboratory, Institut du cancer de Montréal, Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), 900 Rue Saint Denis, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9 Canada
| | - Gabriela Fragoso
- Nutrition and Microbiome Laboratory, Institut du cancer de Montréal, Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), 900 Rue Saint Denis, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9 Canada
| | - Thibault Cuisiniere
- Nutrition and Microbiome Laboratory, Institut du cancer de Montréal, Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), 900 Rue Saint Denis, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9 Canada
| | - Roy Hajjar
- Nutrition and Microbiome Laboratory, Institut du cancer de Montréal, Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), 900 Rue Saint Denis, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9 Canada
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, 2900 boulevard Édouard-Montpetit, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4 Canada
| | - Ulrich Dobrindt
- Institute of Hygiene, Section Microbial Genome Plasticity, University of Münster, Mendelstraße 7, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Manuela M. Santos
- Nutrition and Microbiome Laboratory, Institut du cancer de Montréal, Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), 900 Rue Saint Denis, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9 Canada
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, 2900 boulevard Édouard-Montpetit, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4 Canada
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29
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Chagneau CV, Massip C, Bossuet-Greif N, Fremez C, Motta JP, Shima A, Besson C, Le Faouder P, Cénac N, Roth MP, Coppin H, Fontanié M, Martin P, Nougayrède JP, Oswald E. Uropathogenic E. coli induces DNA damage in the bladder. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1009310. [PMID: 33630958 PMCID: PMC7906301 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are among the most common outpatient infections, with a lifetime incidence of around 60% in women. We analysed urine samples from 223 patients with community-acquired UTIs and report the presence of the cleavage product released during the synthesis of colibactin, a bacterial genotoxin, in 55 of the samples examined. Uropathogenic Escherichia coli strains isolated from these patients, as well as the archetypal E. coli strain UTI89, were found to produce colibactin. In a murine model of UTI, the machinery producing colibactin was expressed during the early hours of the infection, when intracellular bacterial communities form. We observed extensive DNA damage both in umbrella and bladder progenitor cells. To the best of our knowledge this is the first report of colibactin production in UTIs in humans and its genotoxicity in bladder cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Clémence Massip
- IRSD, INSERM, Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France
- CHU Toulouse, Hôpital Purpan, Service de Bactériologie-Hygiène, Toulouse, France
| | | | | | - Jean-Paul Motta
- IRSD, INSERM, Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Ayaka Shima
- IRSD, INSERM, Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Céline Besson
- IRSD, INSERM, Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Nicolas Cénac
- IRSD, INSERM, Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Marie-Paule Roth
- IRSD, INSERM, Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Hélène Coppin
- IRSD, INSERM, Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Patricia Martin
- IRSD, INSERM, Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France
- VibioSphen, Prologue Biotech, Labège, France
| | | | - Eric Oswald
- IRSD, INSERM, Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France
- CHU Toulouse, Hôpital Purpan, Service de Bactériologie-Hygiène, Toulouse, France
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30
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Min JJ, Thi-Quynh Duong M, Ramar T, You SH, Kang SR. Theranostic Approaches Using Live Bacteria. Mol Imaging 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-816386-3.00056-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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31
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Humphreys D, ElGhazaly M, Frisan T. Senescence and Host-Pathogen Interactions. Cells 2020; 9:cells9071747. [PMID: 32708331 PMCID: PMC7409240 DOI: 10.3390/cells9071747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Damage to our genomes triggers cellular senescence characterised by stable cell cycle arrest and a pro-inflammatory secretome that prevents the unrestricted growth of cells with pathological potential. In this way, senescence can be considered a powerful innate defence against cancer and viral infection. However, damage accumulated during ageing increases the number of senescent cells and this contributes to the chronic inflammation and deregulation of the immune function, which increases susceptibility to infectious disease in ageing organisms. Bacterial and viral pathogens are masters of exploiting weak points to establish infection and cause devastating diseases. This review considers the emerging importance of senescence in the host-pathogen interaction: we discuss the pathogen exploitation of ageing cells and senescence as a novel hijack target of bacterial pathogens that deploys senescence-inducing toxins to promote infection. The persistent induction of senescence by pathogens, mediated directly through virulence determinants or indirectly through inflammation and chronic infection, also contributes to age-related pathologies such as cancer. This review highlights the dichotomous role of senescence in infection: an innate defence that is exploited by pathogens to cause disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Humphreys
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK;
- Correspondence: (D.H.); (T.F.)
| | - Mohamed ElGhazaly
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK;
| | - Teresa Frisan
- Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
- Umeå Centre for Microbial Research (UCMR), Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
- Correspondence: (D.H.); (T.F.)
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32
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Abstract
Infections of genotoxic Escherichia coli spread concomitantly with urbanized progression. These bacteria may prompt cell senescence and affect DNA stability, inducing cancer via the production of colibactin, a genotoxin shown capable of affecting host DNA in eukaryotic cells. In this study, we show that the action of colibactin may also be directed against other bacteria of the gut microbiota in which genotoxic E. coli bacteria have been introduced. Indeed, the presence of genotoxic E. coli induced a change in both the structure and function of the gut microbiota. Our data indicate that genotoxic E. coli may use colibactin to compete for gut niche utilization. The genotoxin colibactin produced by resident bacteria of the gut microbiota may have tumorigenic effect by inducing DNA double-strand breaks in host cells. Yet, the effect of colibactin on gut microbiota composition and functions remains unknown. To address this point, we designed an experiment in which pregnant mice were colonized with the following: (i) a commensal Escherichia coli strain, (ii) a commensal E. coli strain plus a genotoxic E. coli strain, (iii) a commensal E. coli strain plus a nongenotoxic E. coli mutant strain unable to produce mature colibactin. Then, we analyzed the gut microbiota in pups at day 15 and day 35 after birth. At day 15, mice that were colonized at birth with the genotoxic strain showed lower levels of Proteobacteria and taxa belonging to the Proteobacteria, a modest effect on overall microbial diversity, and no effect on gut microbiome. At day 35, mice that received the genotoxic strain showed lower Firmicutes and taxa belonging to the Firmicutes, together with a strong effect on overall microbial diversity and higher microbial functions related to DNA repair. Moreover, the genotoxic strain strongly affected gut microbial diversity evolution of pups receiving the genotoxic strain between day 15 and day 35. Our data show that colibactin, beyond targeting the host, may also exert its genotoxic effect on the gut microbiota. IMPORTANCE Infections of genotoxic Escherichia coli spread concomitantly with urbanized progression. These bacteria may prompt cell senescence and affect DNA stability, inducing cancer via the production of colibactin, a genotoxin shown capable of affecting host DNA in eukaryotic cells. In this study, we show that the action of colibactin may also be directed against other bacteria of the gut microbiota in which genotoxic E. coli bacteria have been introduced. Indeed, the presence of genotoxic E. coli induced a change in both the structure and function of the gut microbiota. Our data indicate that genotoxic E. coli may use colibactin to compete for gut niche utilization.
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33
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Silbergleit M, Vasquez AA, Miller CJ, Sun J, Kato I. Oral and intestinal bacterial exotoxins: Potential linked to carcinogenesis. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2020; 171:131-193. [PMID: 32475520 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2020.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Growing evidence suggests that imbalances in resident microbes (dysbiosis) can promote chronic inflammation, immune-subversion, and production of carcinogenic metabolites, thus leading to neoplasia. Yet, evidence to support a direct link of individual bacteria species to human sporadic cancer is still limited. This chapter focuses on several emerging bacterial toxins that have recently been characterized for their potential oncogenic properties toward human orodigestive cancer and the presence of which in human tissue samples has been documented. These include cytolethal distending toxins produced by various members of gamma and epsilon Proteobacteria, Dentilisin from mammalian oral Treponema, Pasteurella multocida toxin, two Fusobacterial toxins, FadA and Fap2, Bacteroides fragilis toxin, colibactin, cytotoxic necrotizing factors and α-hemolysin from Escherichia coli, and Salmonella enterica AvrA. It was clear that these bacterial toxins have biological activities to induce several hallmarks of cancer. Some toxins directly interact with DNA or chromosomes leading to their breakdowns, causing mutations and genome instability, and others modulate cell proliferation, replication and death and facilitate immune evasion and tumor invasion, prying specific oncogene and tumor suppressor pathways, such as p53 and β-catenin/Wnt. In addition, most bacterial toxins control tumor-promoting inflammation in complex and diverse mechanisms. Despite growing laboratory evidence to support oncogenic potential of selected bacterial toxins, we need more direct evidence from human studies and mechanistic data from physiologically relevant experimental animal models, which can reflect chronic infection in vivo, as well as take bacterial-bacterial interactions among microbiome into consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adrian A Vasquez
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Wayne State University, Healthy Urban Waters, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Carol J Miller
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Wayne State University, Healthy Urban Waters, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Jun Sun
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Ikuko Kato
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States; Department of Pathology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States.
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34
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Khan S, Zaidi S, Alouffi AS, Hassan I, Imran A, Khan RA. Computational Proteome-Wide Study for the Prediction of Escherichia coli Protein Targeting in Host Cell Organelles and Their Implication in Development of Colon Cancer. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:7254-7261. [PMID: 32280866 PMCID: PMC7143404 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b04042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli infection is associated with gastrointestinal disorders, including diarrhea and colorectal cancer. Although evidences have established the involvement of E. coli in the growth of colon cancer, the molecular mechanisms of carcinogenesis of cancer growth and development are not well understood. We analyzed E. coli protein targeting in host cell organelles and the implication in colon cancer using in silico approaches. Our results indicated that many E. coli proteins targeted the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), ER membranes, Golgi apparatus, Golgi apparatus membranes, peroxisomes, nucleus, nuclear membrane, mitochondria, and mitochondrial membrane of host cells. These targeted proteins in ER, Golgi apparatus, peroxisomes, nucleus, and mitochondria may alter the normal functioning of various pathways including DNA repair, apoptosis, replication, transcription, and protein folding in E. coli-infected host cells. The results of the current in silico study provide insights into E. coli pathogenesis and may aid in designing new preventive and therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahanavaj Khan
- Bioinformatics
and Biotechnology Unit, Department of Biosciences, SRGC, Muzaffarnagar 251001, UP, India
- Department
of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King
Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- . Phone: +91
9219993262
| | - Sabika Zaidi
- Bioinformatics
and Biotechnology Unit, Department of Biosciences, SRGC, Muzaffarnagar 251001, UP, India
| | | | - Iftekhar Hassan
- Department
of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud
University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad Imran
- King
Abdullah Institute for Nanotechnology, King
Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rais Ahmad Khan
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud
University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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35
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Iyadorai T, Mariappan V, Vellasamy KM, Wanyiri JW, Roslani AC, Lee GK, Sears C, Vadivelu J. Prevalence and association of pks+ Escherichia coli with colorectal cancer in patients at the University Malaya Medical Centre, Malaysia. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0228217. [PMID: 31990962 PMCID: PMC6986756 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0228217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Escherichia coli (E. coli) from the B2 phylogenetic group is implicated in colorectal cancer (CRC) as it possesses a genomic island, termed polyketide synthetase (pks), which codes for the synthesis of colibactin, a genotoxin that induces DNA damage, cell cycle arrest, mutations and chromosomal instability in eukaryotic cells. The aim of this study was to detect and compare the prevalence of E. coli expressing pks (pks+E. coli) in CRC patients and healthy controls followed by investigating the virulence triggered by pks+E. coli using an in-vitro model. Mucosal colon tissues were collected and processed to determine the presence of pks+E. coli. Thereafter, primary colon epithelial (PCE) and colorectal carcinoma (HCT116) cell lines were used to detect cytopathic response to the isolated pks+E. coli strains. Our results showed 16.7% and 4.3% of CRC and healthy controls, respectively were pks+E. coli. Further, PCE displayed syncytia and cell swelling and HCT116 cells, megalocytosis, in response to treatment with the isolated pks+E. coli strains. In conclusion, pks+E. coli was more often isolated from tissue of CRC patients compared to healthy individuals, and our in-vitro assays suggest these isolated strains may be involved in the initiation and development of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thevambiga Iyadorai
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Vanitha Mariappan
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,University of Malaya Centre of Proteomics Research (UMCPR), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kumutha Malar Vellasamy
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Jane Wangui Wanyiri
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - April Camilla Roslani
- Department of Surgery, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,University of Malaya Cancer Research Institute, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Goh Khean Lee
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Cynthia Sears
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America.,Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jamuna Vadivelu
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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36
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Martin OC, Frisan T. Bacterial Genotoxin-Induced DNA Damage and Modulation of the Host Immune Microenvironment. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:E63. [PMID: 31973033 PMCID: PMC7076804 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12020063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
: Bacterial genotoxins (BTGX) induce DNA damage, which results in senescence or apoptosis of the target cells if not properly repaired. Three BTGXs have been identified: the cytolethal distending toxin (CDT) family produced by several Gram-negative bacteria, the typhoid toxin produced by several Salmonella enterica serovars, and colibactin, a peptide-polyketide, produced mainly by the phylogenetic group B2 Escherichia coli. The cellular responses induced by BTGXs resemble those of well-characterized carcinogenic agents, and several lines of evidence indicate that bacteria carrying genotoxin genes can contribute to tumor development under specific circumstances. Given their unusual mode of action, it is still enigmatic why these effectors have been acquired by microbes and what is their role in the context of the biology of the producing bacterium, since it is unlikely that their primary purpose is to induce/promote cancer in the mammalian host. In this review, we will discuss the possibility that the DNA damage induced by BTGX modulates the host immune response, acting as immunomodulator, leading to the establishment of a suitable niche for the producing bacterium. We will further highlight open questions that remain to be solved regarding the biology of this unusual family of bacterial toxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Océane C.B. Martin
- Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, UMR1053 Bordeaux Research in Translational Oncology, BaRITOn, 33320 Bordeaux, France;
| | - Teresa Frisan
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
- Umeå Center for Microbial Research (UCMR), Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden
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37
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Bacteria-cancer interactions: bacteria-based cancer therapy. Exp Mol Med 2019; 51:1-15. [PMID: 31827064 PMCID: PMC6906302 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-019-0297-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in cancer therapeutics, such as targeted therapy and immunotherapy, have raised the hope for cures for many cancer types. However, there are still ongoing challenges to the pursuit of novel therapeutic approaches, including high toxicity to normal tissue and cells, difficulties in treating deep tumor tissue, and the possibility of drug resistance in tumor cells. The use of live tumor-targeting bacteria provides a unique therapeutic option that meets these challenges. Compared with most other therapeutics, tumor-targeting bacteria have versatile capabilities for suppressing cancer. Bacteria preferentially accumulate and proliferate within tumors, where they can initiate antitumor immune responses. Bacteria can be further programmed via simple genetic manipulation or sophisticated synthetic bioengineering to produce and deliver anticancer agents based on clinical needs. Therapeutic approaches using live tumor-targeting bacteria can be applied either as a monotherapy or in combination with other anticancer therapies to achieve better clinical outcomes. In this review, we introduce and summarize the potential benefits and challenges of this anticancer approach. We further discuss how live bacteria interact with tumor microenvironments to induce tumor regression. We also provide examples of different methods for engineering bacteria to improve efficacy and safety. Finally, we introduce past and ongoing clinical trials involving tumor-targeting bacteria. Live tumor-targeting bacteria can selectively induce cancer regression and, with the help of genetic engineering, be made safe and effective vehicles for delivering drugs to tumor cells. In a review article, Jung-Joon Min and colleagues from Chonnam National University Medical School in Hwasun, South Korea, discuss the clinical history of using natural or engineered bacterial strains to suppress cancer growth. Because bacteria such as Salmonella and Listeria preferentially home in on tumors or their surrounding microenvironments, researchers have harnessed these microbial agents to attack cancer cells without causing collateral damage to normal tissues. Bioengineers have also armed bacteria with stronger tumor-sensing and more targeted drug delivery capabilities, and improved control of off-target toxicities. An increasing number of therapeutic bacterial strains are now entering clinical testing, promising to enhance the efficacy of more conventional anticancer treatments.
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38
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Nanomechanical insights: Amyloid beta oligomer-induced senescent brain endothelial cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2019; 1861:183061. [PMID: 31513781 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2019.183061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Senescent cells accumulate in various peripheral tissues during aging and have been shown to exacerbate age-related inflammatory responses. We recently showed that exposure to neurotoxic amyloid β (Aβ1-42) oligomers can readily induce a senescence phenotype in human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMECs). In the present work, we used atomic force microscopy (AFM) to further characterize the morphological properties such as cell membrane roughness and cell height and nanomechanical properties such as Young's modulus of the membrane (membrane stiffness) and adhesion resulting from the interaction between AFM tip and cell membrane in Aβ1-42 oligomer-induced senescent human brain microvascular endothelial cells. Morphological imaging studies showed a flatter and spread-out nucleus in the senescent HBMECs, both characteristic features of a senescent phenotype. Furthermore, the mean cell body roughness and mean cell height were lower in senescent HBMECs compared to untreated normal HBMECs. We also observed increased stiffness and alterations in the adhesion properties in Aβ1-42 oligomer-induced senescent endothelial cells compared to the untreated normal HBMECs suggesting dynamic reorganization of cell membrane. We then show that vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1 (VEGFR-1) knockdown or overexpression of Rho GTPase Rac 1 in the endothelial cells inhibited senescence and reversed these nanomechanical alterations, confirming a direct role of these pathways in the senescent brain endothelial cells. These results illustrate that nanoindentation and topographic analysis of live senescent brain endothelial cells can provide insights into cerebrovascular dysfunction in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease.
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Alhinai EA, Walton GE, Commane DM. The Role of the Gut Microbiota in Colorectal Cancer Causation. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20215295. [PMID: 31653078 PMCID: PMC6862640 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20215295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we reviewed emerging evidence on the role of the microbial community in colorectal carcinogenesis. A healthy gut microbiota promotes intestinal homeostasis and can exert anti-cancer effects; however, this microbiota also produces a variety of metabolites that are genotoxic and which can negatively influence epithelial cell behaviour. Disturbances in the normal microbial balance, known as dysbiosis, are frequently observed in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. Microbial species linked to CRC include certain strains of Bacteroides fragilis, Escherichia coli, Streptococcus gallolyticus, Enterococcus faecalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum, amongst others. Whether these microbes are merely passive dwellers exploiting the tumour environment, or rather, active protagonists in the carcinogenic process is the subject of much research. The incidence of chemically-induced tumours in mice models varies, depending upon the presence or absence of these microorganisms, thus strongly suggesting influences on disease causation. Putative mechanistic explanations differentially link these strains to DNA damage, inflammation, aberrant cell behaviour and immune suppression. In the future, modulating the composition and metabolic activity of this microbial community may have a role in prevention and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiman A Alhinai
- Dietetics Department, Al Nahdha Hospital, Ministry of Health, Muscat, PO Box 937, Ruwi, Muscat PC 112, Oman.
| | - Gemma E Walton
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6UA, UK.
| | - Daniel M Commane
- Department of Applied and Health Sciences, University of Northumbria, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 8ST, UK.
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Abstract
Colibactin-producing Escherichia coli strains are associated with cancerous and precancerous colorectal tissues and are suspected of promoting colorectal carcinogenesis. In this study, we describe a new interplay between the synthesis of the genotoxin colibactin and the polyamine spermidine. Polyamines are highly abundant in cancer tissue and are associated with cell proliferation. The need for spermidine in genotoxic activity provides a new perspective on the role of these metabolites in the pathogenicity of colibactin-producing E. coli strains in colorectal cancer. Colibactin is a polyketide/nonribosomal peptide produced by Escherichia coli strains that harbor the pks island. This toxin induces DNA double-strand breaks and DNA interstrand cross-links in infected eukaryotic cells. Colibactin-producing strains are found associated with colorectal cancer biopsy specimens and promote intestinal tumor progression in various murine models. Polyamines are small polycationic molecules produced by both microorganisms and eukaryotic cells. Their levels are increased in malignancies, where they contribute to disease progression and metastasis. In this study, we demonstrated that the endogenous spermidine synthase SpeE is required for full genotoxic activity of colibactin-producing E. coli. Supplying spermidine in a ΔspeE pks+E. coli strain restored genotoxic activity. Spermidine is involved in the autotoxicity linked to colibactin and is required for direct damaging activity on DNA. The production of the colibactin prodrug motif is impaired in ΔspeE mutants. Therefore, we demonstrated that spermidine has a direct impact on colibactin synthesis. IMPORTANCE Colibactin-producing Escherichia coli strains are associated with cancerous and precancerous colorectal tissues and are suspected of promoting colorectal carcinogenesis. In this study, we describe a new interplay between the synthesis of the genotoxin colibactin and the polyamine spermidine. Polyamines are highly abundant in cancer tissue and are associated with cell proliferation. The need for spermidine in genotoxic activity provides a new perspective on the role of these metabolites in the pathogenicity of colibactin-producing E. coli strains in colorectal cancer.
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Macrocyclic colibactin induces DNA double-strand breaks via copper-mediated oxidative cleavage. Nat Chem 2019; 11:880-889. [PMID: 31527851 PMCID: PMC6761029 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-019-0317-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Colibactin is an assumed human gut bacterial genotoxin, whose biosynthesis is linked to clb genomic island that distributes widespread in pathogenic and commensal human enterobacteria. Colibactin-producing gut microbes promote colon tumor formation and enhance progression of colorectal cancer via DNA double-strand breaks-induced cellular senescence and death; however, the chemical basis contributing to the pathogenesis at the molecular level has not been fully characterized. Here we report the discovery of colibactin-645 a macrocyclic colibactin metabolite that recapitulates the previously assumed genotoxicity and cytotoxicity. Colibactin-645 shows strong DNA DSBs activity in vitro and in human cell cultures via a unique copper-mediated oxidative mechanism. We also delineate a complete biosynthetic model for colibactin-645, highlighting a unique fate of the aminomalonate building monomer in forming the C-terminal 5-hydroxy 4-oxazolecarboxylic acid moiety through the activities of both the polyketide synthase ClbO and the amidase ClbL. This work thus provides a molecular basis for colibactin’s DNA DSBs activity and facilitates further mechanistic study of colibactin-related CRC incidence and prevention.
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Reis SAD, da Conceição LL, Peluzio MDCG. Intestinal microbiota and colorectal cancer: changes in the intestinal microenvironment and their relation to the disease. J Med Microbiol 2019; 68:1391-1407. [PMID: 31424382 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.001049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tools that predict the risk of colorectal cancer are important for early diagnosis, given the high mortality rate for this cancer. The composition of the intestinal microbiota is now considered to be a risk factor for the development of colorectal cancer. This discovery has motivated a growing number of studies to identify the micro-organisms responsible for the onset and/or progression of colorectal cancer. With this in mind, this review discusses the relationship between the composition of the intestinal microbiota and colorectal cancer risk. Prospective and case-control studies indicate that the intestinal microbiota of individuals with colorectal cancer usually contains a greater proportion of bacteria responsible for gastrointestinal tract inflammatory diseases, as well as bacteria that produce toxins and carcinogenic metabolites. In contrast, there tends to be a reduced presence of butyric acid-producing bacteria, probiotic bacteria and potentially probiotic bacteria. Despite these differences, the onset and development of colorectal cancer cannot be attributed to a specific micro-organism. Thus, studies focused on the formation of the intestinal microbiota and factors that modulate its composition are important for the development of approaches for colorectal cancer prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Aparecida Dos Reis
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Lisiane Lopes da Conceição
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil
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Molan K, Podlesek Z, Hodnik V, Butala M, Oswald E, Žgur Bertok D. The Escherichia coli colibactin resistance protein ClbS is a novel DNA binding protein that protects DNA from nucleolytic degradation. DNA Repair (Amst) 2019; 79:50-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2019.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2018] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Osorio C, Kanukuntla T, Diaz E, Jafri N, Cummings M, Sfera A. The Post-amyloid Era in Alzheimer's Disease: Trust Your Gut Feeling. Front Aging Neurosci 2019; 11:143. [PMID: 31297054 PMCID: PMC6608545 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2019.00143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The amyloid hypothesis, the assumption that beta-amyloid toxicity is the primary cause of neuronal and synaptic loss, has been the mainstream research concept in Alzheimer's disease for the past two decades. Currently, this model is quietly being replaced by a more holistic, “systemic disease” paradigm which, like the aging process, affects multiple body tissues and organs, including the gut microbiota. It is well-established that inflammation is a hallmark of cellular senescence; however, the infection-senescence link has been less explored. Microbiota-induced senescence is a gradually emerging concept promoted by the discovery of pathogens and their products in Alzheimer's disease brains associated with senescent neurons, glia, and endothelial cells. Infectious agents have previously been associated with Alzheimer's disease, but the cause vs. effect issue could not be resolved. A recent study may have settled this debate as it shows that gingipain, a Porphyromonas gingivalis toxin, can be detected not only in Alzheimer's disease but also in the brains of older individuals deceased prior to developing the illness. In this review, we take the position that gut and other microbes from the body periphery reach the brain by triggering intestinal and blood-brain barrier senescence and disruption. We also surmise that novel Alzheimer's disease findings, including neuronal somatic mosaicism, iron dyshomeostasis, aggressive glial phenotypes, and loss of aerobic glycolysis, can be explained by the infection-senescence model. In addition, we discuss potential cellular senescence targets and therapeutic strategies, including iron chelators, inflammasome inhibitors, senolytic antibiotics, mitophagy inducers, and epigenetic metabolic reprograming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Osorio
- Psychiatry, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, United States
| | - Tulasi Kanukuntla
- Department of Psychiatry, Patton State Hospital, San Bernardino, CA, United States
| | - Eddie Diaz
- Department of Psychiatry, Patton State Hospital, San Bernardino, CA, United States
| | - Nyla Jafri
- Department of Psychiatry, Patton State Hospital, San Bernardino, CA, United States
| | - Michael Cummings
- Department of Psychiatry, Patton State Hospital, San Bernardino, CA, United States
| | - Adonis Sfera
- Department of Psychiatry, Patton State Hospital, San Bernardino, CA, United States
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Morgan RN, Saleh SE, Farrag HA, Aboulwafa MM. Prevalence and pathologic effects of colibactin and cytotoxic necrotizing factor-1 (Cnf 1) in Escherichia coli: experimental and bioinformatics analyses. Gut Pathog 2019; 11:22. [PMID: 31139264 PMCID: PMC6525971 DOI: 10.1186/s13099-019-0304-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The colibactin and cytotoxic necrotizing factor 1 (Cnf 1) are toxins with cell cycle modulating effects that contribute to tumorgenesis and hyperproliferation. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and pathologic effects of Cnf 1 and colibactin among hemolytic uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC). The bioinformatics approach incorporated in this study aimed to expand the domain of the in vitro study and explore the prevalence of both toxins among other bacterial species. A total of 125 E. coli isolates were recovered from UTIs patients. The isolates were tested for their hemolytic activity, subjected to tissue culture and PCR assays to detect the phenotypic and genotypic features of both toxins. A rat ascending UTI in vivo model was conducted using isolates expressing or non-expressing Cnf 1 and colibactin (ClbA and ClbQ). The bioinformatics analyses were inferred by Maximum likelihood method and the evolutionary relatedness was deduced by MEGA X. Results Only 21 (16.8%) out of 125 isolates were hemolytic and 10 of these (47.62%) harbored the toxins encoding genes (cnf 1+, clbA+ and clbQ+). The phenotypic features of both toxins were exhibited by only 7 of the (cnf 1+clbA+clbQ+) harboring isolates. The severest infections, hyperplastic and genotoxic changes in kidneys and bladders were observed in rats infected with the cnf 1+clbA+clbQ+ isolates. Conclusion Only 33.3% of the hemolytic UPEC isolates exhibited the phenotypic and genotypic features of Cnf 1 and Colibactin. The in vivo animal model results gives an evidence of active Cnf 1 and Colibactin expression and indicates the risks associated with recurrent and chronic UTIs caused by UPEC. The bioinformatics analyses confirmed the predominance of colibactin pks island among Enterobacteriaceae family (92.86%), with the highest occurrence among Escherichia species (53.57%), followed by Klebsiella (28.57%), Citrobacter (7.14%), and Enterobacter species (3.57%). The Cnf 1 is predominant among Escherichia coli (94.05%) and sporadically found among Shigella species (1.08%), Salmonella enterica (0.54%), Yersinia pseudotuberculosis (1.08%), Photobacterium (1.08%), Moritella viscosa (0.54%), and Carnobacterium maltaromaticum (0.54%). A close relatedness was observed between the 54-kb pks island of Escherichia coli, the probiotic Escherichia coli Nissle 1917, Klebsiella aerogenes, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Citrobacter koseri. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13099-019-0304-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radwa N Morgan
- 1Drug Radiation Research Department, National Centre for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority (EAEA), 3 Ahmed El-Zomor Street, Nasr City, Cairo, 11787 Egypt
| | - Sarra E Saleh
- 2Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, African Union Organization Street, Abbassia, Cairo, 11566 Egypt
| | - Hala A Farrag
- 1Drug Radiation Research Department, National Centre for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority (EAEA), 3 Ahmed El-Zomor Street, Nasr City, Cairo, 11787 Egypt
| | - Mohammad M Aboulwafa
- 2Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, African Union Organization Street, Abbassia, Cairo, 11566 Egypt
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Tibbs TN, Lopez LR, Arthur JC. The influence of the microbiota on immune development, chronic inflammation, and cancer in the context of aging. MICROBIAL CELL (GRAZ, AUSTRIA) 2019; 6:324-334. [PMID: 31403049 PMCID: PMC6685047 DOI: 10.15698/mic2019.08.685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
From birth, the microbiota plays an essential role in human development by educating host immune responses. Proper maturation of the immune system perturbs chronic inflammation and the pathogenesis of disease by preventing inappropriate immune responses. While many have detailed the roles of specific microbial groups in immune development and human disease, it remains to be elucidated how the microbiota influences the immune system during aging. Furthermore, it is not yet understood how age-related changes to the microbiota and immune system influence the development of age-related diseases. In this review, we outline the role of the microbiota in immune system development as well as functional changes that occur to immune cell populations during immunosenescence. In addition, we highlight how commensal microbes influence the pathogenesis of cancer, a prominent disease of aging. The information provided herein suggests that age-related changes to the microbiota and immune system should be considered in disease treatment and prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor N. Tibbs
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Lacey R. Lopez
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Janelle C. Arthur
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
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Shine EE, Xue M, Patel JR, Healy AR, Surovtseva YV, Herzon SB, Crawford JM. Model Colibactins Exhibit Human Cell Genotoxicity in the Absence of Host Bacteria. ACS Chem Biol 2018; 13:3286-3293. [PMID: 30403848 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.8b00714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Colibactins are genotoxic secondary metabolites produced in select Enterobacteriaceae, which induce downstream DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) in human cell lines and are thought to promote the formation of colorectal tumors. Although key structural and functional features of colibactins have been elucidated, the full molecular mechanisms regulating these phenotypes remain unknown. Here, we demonstrate that free model colibactins induce DSBs in human cell cultures and do not require delivery by host bacteria. Through domain-targeted editing, we demonstrate that a subset of native colibactins generated from observed module skipping in the nonribosomal peptide synthetase-polyketide synthase (NRPS-PKS) biosynthetic assembly line share DNA alkylation phenotypes with the model colibactins in vitro. However, module skipping eliminates the strong DNA interstrand cross-links formed by the wild-type pathway in cell culture. This product diversification during the modular NRPS-PKS biosynthesis produces a family of metabolites with varying observed mechanisms of action (DNA alkylation versus cross-linking) in cell culture. The presence of membranes separating human cells from model colibactins attenuated genotoxicity, suggesting that membrane diffusion limits colibactin activity and could account for the reported bacterium-human cell-to-cell contact phenotype. Additionally, extracellular supplementation of the colibactin resistance protein ClbS was able to intercept colibactins in an Escherichia coli-human cell transient infection model. Our studies demonstrate that free model colibactins recapitulate cellular phenotypes associated with module-skipped products in the native colibactin pathway and define specific protein domains that are required for efficient DNA interstrand cross-linking in the native pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilee E. Shine
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06536, United States
- Chemical Biology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, Connecticut 06516, United States
| | - Mengzhao Xue
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Jaymin R. Patel
- Chemical Biology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, Connecticut 06516, United States
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Alan R. Healy
- Chemical Biology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, Connecticut 06516, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Yulia V. Surovtseva
- Yale Center for Molecular Discovery, West Haven, Connecticut 06516, United States
| | - Seth B. Herzon
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Jason M. Crawford
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06536, United States
- Chemical Biology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, Connecticut 06516, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
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Suresh A, Ranjan A, Jadhav S, Hussain A, Shaik S, Alam M, Baddam R, Wieler LH, Ahmed N. Molecular Genetic and Functional Analysis of pks-Harboring, Extra-Intestinal Pathogenic Escherichia coli From India. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2631. [PMID: 30498477 PMCID: PMC6249908 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Colibactin, a genotoxin, encoded by the pks pathogenicity island of Escherichia coli belonging to the B2 phylogroup has been reported as a determinant of bacterial pathogenicity. The present study was carried out to detect the pks pathogenicity island in extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC) isolated from a tertiary hospital in Pune, India. Of 462 isolates analyzed, the pks genomic island was detected in 35 (7.6%) isolates, which predominantly belonged to pathogenic phylogroup B2 (97%), and harbored virulence genes such as fimH, sfaD/E, and usp. Biofilm formation assay revealed 21 of the 35 pks-carrying isolates to be strong (SBF > 1.0), 10 isolates to be moderate (SBF = 0.5–1.0), and 4 as weak (SBF < 0.5) biofilm formers. All of the pks-carrying isolates proved resistant against bactericidal activity of human serum. Assays carried out to detect antimicrobial susceptibility revealed 11% of these isolates to be multidrug resistant, 37% producing ESBL and 25% were positive for blaCTX-M-15. The observed prevalence of multidrug resistance and colibactin producing characteristics among pathogenic E. coli belonging to phylogenetic group B2 advocate urgent need for broader surveillance in order to understand and prevent transmission of these ExPEC in community and hospital settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arya Suresh
- Pathogen Biology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
| | - Amit Ranjan
- Pathogen Biology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
| | - Savita Jadhav
- Department of Microbiology, Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre (Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth), Pune, India
| | - Arif Hussain
- Pathogen Biology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
| | - Sabiha Shaik
- Pathogen Biology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
| | - Munirul Alam
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Ramani Baddam
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | - Niyaz Ahmed
- Pathogen Biology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India.,International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Fettucciari K, Macchioni L, Davidescu M, Scarpelli P, Palumbo C, Corazzi L, Marchegiani A, Cerquetella M, Spaterna A, Marconi P, Bassotti G. Clostridium difficile toxin B induces senescence in enteric glial cells: A potential new mechanism of Clostridium difficile pathogenesis. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2018; 1865:1945-1958. [PMID: 30296499 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2018.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) causes nosocomial/antibiotic-associated diarrhea and pseudomembranous colitis, with dramatic incidence/mortality worldwide. C. difficile virulence factors are toxin A and toxin B (TcdB) which cause cytopathic/cytotoxic effects and inflammation. Until now studies were focused on molecular effects of C. difficile toxins (Tcds) on different cells while unexplored aspect is the status/fate of cells that survived their cytotoxicity. Recently we demonstrated that enteric glial cells (EGCs) are susceptible to TcdB cytotoxicity, but several EGCs survived and were irreversibly cell-cycle arrested and metabolically active, suggesting that EGCs could became senescent. This is important because allowed us to evaluate the not explored status/fate of cells surviving Tcds cytotoxicity, and particularly if TcdB induces senescence in EGCs. Rat-transformed EGCs were treated with 10 ng/ml TcdB for 6 h-48 h, or for 48 h, followed by incubation for additional 4 or 11 days in absence of TcdB (6 or 13 total days). Senescence markers/effectors were examined by specific assays. TcdB induces senescence in EGCs, as demonstrated by the senescence markers: irreversible cell-cycle arrest, senescence-associated-β‑galactosidase positivity, flat morphology, early and persistent DNA damage (ATM and H2AX phosphorylation), p27 overexpression, pRB hypophosphorylation, c‑Myc, cyclin B1, cdc2 and phosphorylated-cdc2 downregulation, Sirtuin‑2 and Sirtuin‑3 overexpression. TcdB-induced EGC senescence is dependent by JNK and AKT activation but independent by ROS, p16 and p53/p21 pathways. In conclusion, TcdB induces senescence in EGCs. The extrapolation of these results to CDI leads to hypothesize that EGCs that survived TcdB, once they have acquired a senescence state, could cause irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and tumors due to persistent inflammation, transfer of senescence status and stimulation of pre-neoplastic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katia Fettucciari
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia Medical School, Perugia, Italy.
| | - Lara Macchioni
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia Medical School, Perugia, Italy
| | - Magdalena Davidescu
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia Medical School, Perugia, Italy
| | - Paolo Scarpelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia Medical School, Perugia, Italy
| | - Camilla Palumbo
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy
| | - Lanfranco Corazzi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia Medical School, Perugia, Italy
| | - Andrea Marchegiani
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Macerata, Italy
| | - Matteo Cerquetella
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Macerata, Italy
| | - Andrea Spaterna
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Macerata, Italy
| | - Pierfrancesco Marconi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia Medical School, Perugia, Italy
| | - Gabrio Bassotti
- Department of Medicine, University of Perugia Medical School, Perugia, Italy; Gastroenterology and Hepatology Section, Santa Maria della Misericordia Hospital, Perugia, Italy
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50
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Wei W, Ji S. Cellular senescence: Molecular mechanisms and pathogenicity. J Cell Physiol 2018; 233:9121-9135. [PMID: 30078211 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cellular senescence is the arrest of normal cell division. Oncogenic genes and oxidative stress, which cause genomic DNA damage and generation of reactive oxygen species, lead to cellular senescence. The senescence-associated secretory phenotype is a distinct feature of senescence. Senescence is normally involved in the embryonic development. Senescent cells can communicate with immune cells to invoke an immune response. Senescence emerges during the aging process in several tissues and organs. In fact, increasing evidence shows that cellular senescence is implicated in aging-related diseases, such as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, obesity and diabetes, pulmonary hypertension, and tumorigenesis. Cellular senescence can also be induced by microbial infection. During cellular senescence, several signaling pathways, including those of p53, nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), mammalian target of rapamycin, and transforming growth factor-beta, play important roles. Accumulation of senescent cells can trigger chronic inflammation, which may contribute to the pathological changes in the elderly. Given the variety of deleterious effects caused by cellular senescence in humans, strategies have been proposed to control senescence. In this review, we will focus on recent studies to provide a brief introduction to cellular senescence, including associated signaling pathways and pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqiang Wei
- Laboratory of Cell Signal Transduction, Basic Medical School, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China.,Department of Microbiology, Basic Medical School, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China
| | - Shaoping Ji
- Laboratory of Cell Signal Transduction, Basic Medical School, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China
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