1
|
Xiao H, Li W, Qin Y, Lin Z, Qian C, Wu M, Xia Y, Bai J, Geng D. Crosstalk between Lipid Metabolism and Bone Homeostasis: Exploring Intricate Signaling Relationships. RESEARCH (WASHINGTON, D.C.) 2024; 7:0447. [PMID: 39165638 PMCID: PMC11334918 DOI: 10.34133/research.0447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/22/2024]
Abstract
Bone is a dynamic tissue reshaped by constant bone formation and bone resorption to maintain its function. The skeletal system accounts for approximately 70% of the total volume of the body, and continuous bone remodeling requires quantities of energy and material consumption. Adipose tissue is the main energy storehouse of the body and has a strong adaptive capacity to participate in the regulation of various physiological processes. Considering that obesity and metabolic syndrome have become major public health challenges, while osteoporosis and osteoporotic fractures have become other major health problems in the aging population, it would be interesting to explore these 2 diseases together. Currently, an increasing number of researchers are focusing on the interactions between multiple tissue systems, i.e., multiple organs and tissues that are functionally coordinated together and pathologically pathologically interact with each other in the body. However, there is lack of detailed reviews summarizing the effects of lipid metabolism on bone homeostasis and the interactions between adipose tissue and bone tissue. This review provides a detailed summary of recent advances in understanding how lipid molecules and adipose-derived hormones affect bone homeostasis, how bone tissue, as a metabolic organ, affects lipid metabolism, and how lipid metabolism is regulated by bone-derived cytokines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haixiang Xiao
- Department of Orthopedics,
The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Centre for Leading Medicine and Advanced Technologies of IHM, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine,
University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Wenming Li
- Department of Orthopedics,
The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, China
| | - Yi Qin
- Department of Orthopedics,
The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, China
| | - Zhixiang Lin
- Department of Orthopedics,
The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, China
| | - Chen Qian
- Department of Orthopedics,
The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, China
| | - Mingzhou Wu
- Department of Orthopedics,
The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, China
| | - Yu Xia
- Department of Orthopedics,
The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, China
| | - Jiaxiang Bai
- Department of Orthopedics, Jingjiang People’s Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou University, Jingjiang 214500, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Dechun Geng
- Department of Orthopedics,
The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhang CX, Man QW. Proteomics study of bone tissue around ameloblastoma and the potential mechanism of CD36 in bone remodelling. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2024; 62:290-298. [PMID: 38461076 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjoms.2024.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
Ameloblastoma (AM) is characterised by local aggressiveness and bone resorption. To our knowledge, the proteomic profile of bone adjacent to AM has not previously been explored. We therefore looked at the differential proteins in cancellous bone (CB) adjacent to AM and normal CB from the mandible. CB proteins were extracted, purified, quantified, and analysed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) using samples from five patients with AM. These proteins were further investigated using gene ontology for additional functional annotation and enrichment. Proteins that met the screening requirements of expression difference ploidy > 1.5-fold (upregulation and downregulation) and p < 0.05 were subsequently deemed differential proteins. Immunohistochemical staining was performed to confirm the above findings. Compared with normal mandibular CB, 151 differential proteins were identified in CB adjacent to the mandibular AM. These were mainly linked to cellular catabolic processes, lipid metabolism, and fatty acids (FA) metabolism. LC-MS and immunohistochemistry showed that CD36 was one of the notably decreased proteins in CB bordering the AM compared with normal mandibular CB (p = 0.0066 and p = 0.0095, respectively). CD36 expression in CB correlates with bone remodelling in AM, making CD36 a viable target for therapeutic approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Xi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qi-Wen Man
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Department of Oral & Maxillofacial - Head Neck Oncology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Luján-Amoraga L, Delgado-Martín B, Lourenço-Marques C, Gavaia PJ, Bravo J, Bandarra NM, Dominguez D, Izquierdo MS, Pousão-Ferreira P, Ribeiro L. Exploring Omega-3's Impact on the Expression of Bone-Related Genes in Meagre ( Argyrosomus regius). Biomolecules 2023; 14:56. [PMID: 38254657 PMCID: PMC10813611 DOI: 10.3390/biom14010056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Dietary supplementation with Omega-3 fatty acids seems to promote skeletal health. Therefore, their consumption at imbalanced or excessive levels has offered less beneficial or even prejudicial effects. Fish produced in aquaculture regimes are prone to develop abnormal skeletons. Although larval cultures are usually fed with diets supplemented with Omega-3 Long Chain Polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs), the lack of knowledge about the optimal requirements for fatty acids or about their impact on mechanisms that regulate skeletal development has impeded the design of diets that could improve bone formation during larval stages when the majority of skeletal anomalies appear. In this study, Argyrosomus regius larvae were fed different levels of Omega-3s (2.6% and 3.6% DW on diet) compared to a commercial diet. At 28 days after hatching (DAH), their transcriptomes were analyzed to study the modulation exerted in gene expression dynamics during larval development and identify impacted genes that can contribute to skeletal formation. Mainly, both levels of supplementation modulated bone-cell proliferation, the synthesis of bone components such as the extracellular matrix, and molecules involved in the interaction and signaling between bone components or in important cellular processes. The 2.6% level impacted several genes related to cartilage development, denoting a special impact on endochondral ossification, delaying this process. However, the 3.6% level seemed to accelerate this process by enhancing skeletal development. These results offered important insights into the impact of dietary Omega-3 LC-PUFAs on genes involved in the main molecular mechanism and cellular processes involved in skeletal development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leticia Luján-Amoraga
- Aquaculture Research Station (EPPO), Portuguese Institute for the Ocean and Atmosphere (IPMA), 8700-194 Olhão, Portugal; (L.L.-A.); (C.L.-M.); (P.P.-F.)
| | - Belén Delgado-Martín
- Department of Microbiology and Crop Protection, Institute of Subtropical and Mediterranean Horticulture (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), 29010 Malaga, Spain;
| | - Cátia Lourenço-Marques
- Aquaculture Research Station (EPPO), Portuguese Institute for the Ocean and Atmosphere (IPMA), 8700-194 Olhão, Portugal; (L.L.-A.); (C.L.-M.); (P.P.-F.)
- Collaborative Laboratory on Sustainable and Smart Aquaculture (S2AQUACOLAB) Av. Parque Natural da Ria Formosa s/n, 8700-194 Olhão, Portugal
| | - Paulo J. Gavaia
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve (UALG), 8005-139 Faro, Portugal;
| | - Jimena Bravo
- Aquaculture Research Group (GIA), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC) Crta. Taliarte s/n, 35214 Telde, Spain; (J.B.); (D.D.); (M.S.I.)
| | - Narcisa M. Bandarra
- Division of Aquaculture, Upgrading, and Bioprospection (DivAV), Portuguese Institute for the Sea and Atmosphere (IPMA, IP), Rua Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho, 7, 1495-006 Lisbon, Portugal;
- CIIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Rua dos Bragas 289, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal
| | - David Dominguez
- Aquaculture Research Group (GIA), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC) Crta. Taliarte s/n, 35214 Telde, Spain; (J.B.); (D.D.); (M.S.I.)
| | - Marisol S. Izquierdo
- Aquaculture Research Group (GIA), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC) Crta. Taliarte s/n, 35214 Telde, Spain; (J.B.); (D.D.); (M.S.I.)
| | - Pedro Pousão-Ferreira
- Aquaculture Research Station (EPPO), Portuguese Institute for the Ocean and Atmosphere (IPMA), 8700-194 Olhão, Portugal; (L.L.-A.); (C.L.-M.); (P.P.-F.)
- Collaborative Laboratory on Sustainable and Smart Aquaculture (S2AQUACOLAB) Av. Parque Natural da Ria Formosa s/n, 8700-194 Olhão, Portugal
| | - Laura Ribeiro
- Aquaculture Research Station (EPPO), Portuguese Institute for the Ocean and Atmosphere (IPMA), 8700-194 Olhão, Portugal; (L.L.-A.); (C.L.-M.); (P.P.-F.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Nandy A, Helderman RCM, Thapa S, Jayapalan S, Richards A, Narayani N, Czech MP, Rosen CJ, Rendina-Ruedy E. Lipolysis supports bone formation by providing osteoblasts with endogenous fatty acid substrates to maintain bioenergetic status. Bone Res 2023; 11:62. [PMID: 38001111 PMCID: PMC10673934 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-023-00297-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone formation is a highly energy-demanding process that can be impacted by metabolic disorders. Glucose has been considered the principal substrate for osteoblasts, although fatty acids are also important for osteoblast function. Here, we report that osteoblasts can derive energy from endogenous fatty acids stored in lipid droplets via lipolysis and that this process is critical for bone formation. As such, we demonstrate that osteoblasts accumulate lipid droplets that are highly dynamic and provide the molecular mechanism by which they serve as a fuel source for energy generation during osteoblast maturation. Inhibiting cytoplasmic lipolysis leads to both an increase in lipid droplet size in osteoblasts and an impairment in osteoblast function. The fatty acids released by lipolysis from these lipid droplets become critical for cellular energy production as cellular energetics shifts towards oxidative phosphorylation during nutrient-depleted conditions. In vivo, conditional deletion of the ATGL-encoding gene Pnpla2 in osteoblast progenitor cells reduces cortical and trabecular bone parameters and alters skeletal lipid metabolism. Collectively, our data demonstrate that osteoblasts store fatty acids in the form of lipid droplets, which are released via lipolysis to support cellular bioenergetic status when nutrients are limited. Perturbations in this process result in impairment of bone formation, specifically reducing ATP production and overall osteoblast function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ananya Nandy
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Ron C M Helderman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Santosh Thapa
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Shobana Jayapalan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Alison Richards
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Nikita Narayani
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Michael P Czech
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | | | - Elizabeth Rendina-Ruedy
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
- Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Bathina S, Armamento-Villareal R. The complex pathophysiology of bone fragility in obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus: therapeutic targets to promote osteogenesis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1168687. [PMID: 37576965 PMCID: PMC10422976 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1168687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Fractures associated with Type2 diabetes (T2DM) are major public health concerns in an increasingly obese and aging population. Patients with obesity or T2DM have normal or better than normal bone mineral density but at an increased risk for fractures. Hence it is crucial to understand the pathophysiology and mechanism of how T2DM and obesity result in altered bone physiology leading to increased fracture risk. Although enhanced osteoclast mediated bone resorption has been reported for these patients, the most notable observation among patients with T2DM is the reduction in bone formation from mostly dysfunction in osteoblast differentiation and survival. Studies have shown that obesity and T2DM are associated with increased adipogenesis which is most likely at the expense of reduced osteogenesis and myogenesis considering that adipocytes, osteoblasts, and myoblasts originate from the same progenitor cells. Furthermore, emerging data point to an inter-relationship between bone and metabolic homeostasis suggesting that these physiologic processes could be under the control of common regulatory pathways. Thus, this review aims to explore the complex mechanisms involved in lineage differentiation and their effect on bone pathophysiology in patients with obesity and T2DM along with an examination of potential novel pharmacological targets or a re-evaluation of existing drugs to improve bone homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siresha Bathina
- Division of Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- Center for Translational Research on Inflammatory Disease, Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs (VA) Medical Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Reina Armamento-Villareal
- Division of Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- Center for Translational Research on Inflammatory Disease, Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs (VA) Medical Center, Houston, TX, United States
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhao C, Hu B, Zhang Z, Luo Q, Nie Q, Zhang X, Li H. CD36 AFFECTS CHICKEN CARCASS, SKIN YELLOWNESS Detection of CD36 gene polymorphism associated with chicken carcass traits and skin yellowness. Poult Sci 2023; 102:102691. [PMID: 37120870 PMCID: PMC10173766 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Investigations into the association between chicken traits and genetic variations provide helpful breeding information to improve production performance and economic benefits in chickens. The single nucleotide polymorphism technique is an important method in agricultural molecular breeding. In this study, we detected 11 SNPs in the CD36 gene, 2 SNPs (g.-1974 A>G, g.-1888 T>C) located in the 5' flanking regions, 8 SNPs (g.23496 G>A, g.23643 C>T, g.23931 T>C, g.23937 G>A, g.31256 C>A, g.31258 C>T, g.31335 C>T, g.31534 A>C) located in the intron region, 1 SNPs (g.23743 G>T) located in the exon region and it belongs to synonymous mutation. In SNPs g.23743 G>T, the abdominal fat weight and abdominal fat weight rate of the GG genotype were lower than that of the TT genotype. In SNPs g.23931 T>C, the full-bore weight rate and half-bore weight rate of the TT genotype were higher compared with the CC genotype. And the SNPs g.-1888 T>C, g.23496 G>A, g.23643 C>T, g.31335 C>T and g.31534 A>C were significantly associated with skin yellowness traits, the cloacal skin yellowness before slaughter of the TT genotype was higher than that of the TC and CC genotype in SNPs g.-1888 T>C. Furthermore, 3 haplotypes of the above eleven SNPs were calculated and they correlated with heart weight, stomach weight, wing weight, leg skin yellowness and shin skin yellowness before slaughter. Finally, the CD36 expression profile displayed the expression pattern of CD36 mRNA variation in different tissues.
Collapse
|
7
|
Chougule A, Baroi S, Czernik PJ, Crowe E, Chang MR, Griffin PR, Lecka-Czernik B. Osteocytes contribute via nuclear receptor PPAR-alpha to maintenance of bone and systemic energy metabolism. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1145467. [PMID: 37181042 PMCID: PMC10173151 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1145467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The view that bone and energy metabolism are integrated by common regulatory mechanisms is broadly accepted and supported by multiple strands of evidence. This includes the well-characterized role of the PPARγ nuclear receptor, which is a common denominator in energy metabolism and bone metabolism. Little is known, however, about the role of PPARα nuclear receptor, a major regulator of lipid metabolism in other organs, in bone. Methods A side-by-side comparative study of 5-15 mo old mice with global PPARα deficiency (αKO) and mice with osteocyte-specific PPARα deficiency (αOTKO) in order to parse out the various activities of PPARα in the skeleton that are of local and systemic significance. This study included transcriptome analysis of PPARα-deficient osteocytes, and analyses of bone mass and bone microarchitecture, systemic energy metabolism with indirect calorimetry, and differentiation potential of hematopoietic and mesenchymal bone cell progenitors. These analyses were paired with in vitro studies of either intact or silenced for PPARα MLO-A5 cells to determine PPARα role in osteocyte bioenergetics. Results In osteocytes, PPARα controls large number of transcripts coding for signaling and secreted proteins which may regulate bone microenvironment and peripheral fat metabolism. In addition, PPARα in osteocytes controls their bioenergetics and mitochondrial response to stress, which constitutes up to 40% of total PPARα contribution to the global energy metabolism. Similarly to αKO mice, the metabolic phenotype of αOTKO mice (both males and females) is age-dependent. In younger mice, osteocyte metabolism contributes positively to global energetics, however, with aging the high-energy phenotype reverts to a low-energy phenotype and obesity develops, suggesting a longitudinal negative effect of impaired lipid metabolism and mitochondrial dysfunction in osteocytes deficient in PPARα. However, bone phenotype was not affected in αOTKO mice except in the form of an increased volume of marrow adipose tissue in males. In contrast, global PPARα deficiency in αKO mice led to enlarged bone diameter with a proportional increase in number of trabeculae and enlarged marrow cavities; it also altered differentiation of hematopoietic and mesenchymal marrow cells toward osteoclast, osteoblast and adipocyte lineages, respectively. Discussion PPARα role in bone is multileveled and complex. In osteocytes, PPARα controls the bioenergetics of these cells, which significantly contributes to systemic energy metabolism and their endocrine/paracrine function in controlling marrow adiposity and peripheral fat metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amit Chougule
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States
- Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States
| | - Sudipta Baroi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States
- Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States
| | - Piotr J. Czernik
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States
- Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States
| | - Emily Crowe
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States
| | - Mi Ra Chang
- Department of Molecular Medicine, UF Scripps Biomedical Research, University of Florida, Jupiter, FL, United States
| | - Patrick R. Griffin
- Department of Molecular Medicine, UF Scripps Biomedical Research, University of Florida, Jupiter, FL, United States
| | - Beata Lecka-Czernik
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States
- Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States
- *Correspondence: Beata Lecka-Czernik,
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Osteometabolism: Metabolic Alterations in Bone Pathologies. Cells 2022; 11:cells11233943. [PMID: 36497201 PMCID: PMC9735555 DOI: 10.3390/cells11233943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Renewing interest in the study of intermediate metabolism and cellular bioenergetics is brought on by the global increase in the prevalence of metabolic illnesses. Understanding of the mechanisms that integrate energy metabolism in the entire organism has significantly improved with the application of contemporary biochemical tools for quantifying the fuel substrate metabolism with cutting-edge mouse genetic procedures. Several unexpected findings in genetically altered mice have prompted research into the direction of intermediate metabolism of skeletal cells. These findings point to the possibility of novel endocrine connections through which bone cells can convey their energy status to other metabolic control centers. Understanding the expanded function of skeleton system has in turn inspired new lines of research aimed at characterizing the energy needs and bioenergetic characteristics of these bone cells. Bone-forming osteoblast and bone-resorbing osteoclast cells require a constant and large supply of energy substrates such as glucose, fatty acids, glutamine, etc., for their differentiation and functional activity. According to latest research, important developmental signaling pathways in bone cells are connected to bioenergetic programs, which may accommodate variations in energy requirements during their life cycle. The present review article provides a unique perspective of the past and present research in the metabolic characteristics of bone cells along with mechanisms governing energy substrate utilization and bioenergetics. In addition, we discussed the therapeutic inventions which are currently being utilized for the treatment and management of bone-related diseases such as osteoporosis, rheumatoid arthritis (RA), osteogenesis imperfecta (OIM), etc., by modulating the energetics of bone cells. We further emphasized on the role of GUT-associated metabolites (GAMs) such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs), indole derivates, bile acids, etc., in regulating the energetics of bone cells and their plausible role in maintaining bone health. Emphasis is importantly placed on highlighting knowledge gaps in this novel field of skeletal biology, i.e., "Osteometabolism" (proposed by our group) that need to be further explored to characterize the physiological importance of skeletal cell bioenergetics in the context of human health and bone related metabolic diseases.
Collapse
|
9
|
Lv H, Wang T, Zhai S, Hou Z, Chen S. Dynamic transcriptome changes during osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells isolated from chicken. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:940248. [PMID: 36120570 PMCID: PMC9478182 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.940248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoblasts are indispensable for skeletal growth and maintenance. Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) are useful in studying osteogenesis. In this study, BMSCs isolated from White Leghorns were differentiated into osteoblasts in vitro. Cells induced for -1, 0, 1, 11, and 22 d were used for transcriptomic analyses using the HISAT2-Stringtie-DESeq2 pipeline. Weighted correlation network analysis was processed to investigate significant modules, including differentially expressed genes (DEGs), correlated with osteogenic differentiation. Gene ontology and pathway enrichment analyses of DEGs were performed to elucidate the mechanisms of osteoblast differentiation. A total of 534, 1,144, 1,077, and 337 DEGs were identified between cells induced for -1 and 0, 0 and 1, 1 and 11, and 11 and 22 d, respectively (|log2FC| > 1.0, FDR <0.05). DEGs were mainly enriched in pathways related to cell proliferation in the early stage of osteogenic differentiation and pathways, such as the TGF-β signaling pathway, in the middle and late stages of osteogenic differentiation. A protein–protein interaction network of the 87 DEGs in the MEturquoise module within top 5-%-degree value was built utilizing the STRING database. This study is the first to elucidate the transcriptomic changes in the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs isolated from White Leghorns at different times. Our results provide insight into the dynamic transcriptome changes during BMSC differentiation into osteoblasts in chicken.
Collapse
|
10
|
Li Z, Bowers E, Zhu J, Yu H, Hardij J, Bagchi DP, Mori H, Lewis KT, Granger K, Schill RL, Romanelli SM, Abrishami S, Hankenson KD, Singer K, Rosen CJ, MacDougald OA. Lipolysis of bone marrow adipocytes is required to fuel bone and the marrow niche during energy deficits. eLife 2022; 11:e78496. [PMID: 35731039 PMCID: PMC9273217 DOI: 10.7554/elife.78496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate roles for bone marrow adipocyte (BMAd) lipolysis in bone homeostasis, we created a BMAd-specific Cre mouse model in which we knocked out adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL, Pnpla2 gene). BMAd-Pnpla2-/- mice have impaired BMAd lipolysis, and increased size and number of BMAds at baseline. Although energy from BMAd lipid stores is largely dispensable when mice are fed ad libitum, BMAd lipolysis is necessary to maintain myelopoiesis and bone mass under caloric restriction. BMAd-specific Pnpla2 deficiency compounds the effects of caloric restriction on loss of trabecular bone in male mice, likely due to impaired osteoblast expression of collagen genes and reduced osteoid synthesis. RNA sequencing analysis of bone marrow adipose tissue reveals that caloric restriction induces dramatic elevations in extracellular matrix organization and skeletal development genes, and energy from BMAd is required for these adaptations. BMAd-derived energy supply is also required for bone regeneration upon injury, and maintenance of bone mass with cold exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ziru Li
- University of Michigan Medical School, Department of Molecular & Integrative PhysiologyAnn ArborUnited States
| | - Emily Bowers
- University of Michigan Medical School, Department of PediatricsAnn ArborUnited States
| | - Junxiong Zhu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Michigan Medical SchoolAnn ArborUnited States
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Hui Yu
- University of Michigan Medical School, Department of Molecular & Integrative PhysiologyAnn ArborUnited States
| | - Julie Hardij
- University of Michigan Medical School, Department of Molecular & Integrative PhysiologyAnn ArborUnited States
| | - Devika P Bagchi
- University of Michigan Medical School, Department of Molecular & Integrative PhysiologyAnn ArborUnited States
| | - Hiroyuki Mori
- University of Michigan Medical School, Department of Molecular & Integrative PhysiologyAnn ArborUnited States
| | - Kenneth T Lewis
- University of Michigan Medical School, Department of Molecular & Integrative PhysiologyAnn ArborUnited States
| | - Katrina Granger
- University of Michigan Medical School, Department of Molecular & Integrative PhysiologyAnn ArborUnited States
| | - Rebecca L Schill
- University of Michigan Medical School, Department of Molecular & Integrative PhysiologyAnn ArborUnited States
| | - Steven M Romanelli
- University of Michigan Medical School, Department of Molecular & Integrative PhysiologyAnn ArborUnited States
| | - Simin Abrishami
- University of Michigan Medical School, Department of PediatricsAnn ArborUnited States
| | - Kurt D Hankenson
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Michigan Medical SchoolAnn ArborUnited States
| | - Kanakadurga Singer
- University of Michigan Medical School, Department of Molecular & Integrative PhysiologyAnn ArborUnited States
- University of Michigan Medical School, Department of PediatricsAnn ArborUnited States
| | | | - Ormond A MacDougald
- University of Michigan Medical School, Department of Molecular & Integrative PhysiologyAnn ArborUnited States
- University of Michigan Medical School, Department of Internal MedicineAnn ArborUnited States
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Vesela B, Killinger M, Rihova K, Benes P, Svandová E, Kratochvilová A, Trcka F, Kleparnik K, Matalova E. Caspase-8 Deficient Osteoblastic Cells Display Alterations in Non-Apoptotic Pathways. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:794407. [PMID: 35372363 PMCID: PMC8964645 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.794407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Caspase-8 is the key component of the receptor-mediated (extrinsic) apoptotic pathway. Immunological localization of active caspase-8 showed its presence in osteoblasts, including non-apoptotic ones. Further in vivo exploration of caspase-8 functions in the bone is hindered by the fact that the caspase-8 knock-out is lethal prenatally. Examinations were thus performed using individual cell populations in vitro. In this study, caspase-8 was eliminated by the CRISPR/cas9 technology in MC3T3-E1 cells, the most common in vitro model of osteoblastic populations. The aim of the work was to specify the consequences of caspase-8 deficiency on non-apoptotic pathways. The impact on the osteogenic gene expression of the osteoblastic cells along with alterations in proliferation, caspase cascades and rapamycin induced autophagy response were evaluated. Osteogenic differentiation of caspase-8 deficient cells was inhibited as these cells displayed a decreased level of mineralization and lower activity of alkaline phosphatase. Among affected osteogenic genes, based on the PCR Array, major changes were observed for Ctsk, as down-regulated, and Gdf10, as up-regulated. Other significantly down-regulated genes included those coding osteocalcin, bone morphogenetic proteins (-3, -4 and -7), collagens (-1a1, -14a1) or Phex. The formation of autophagosomes was not altered in rapamycin-treated caspase-8 deficient cells, but expression of some autophagy-related genes, including Tnfsf10, Cxcr4, Dapk1 and Igf1, was significantly downregulated. These data provide new insight into the effects of caspase-8 on non-apoptotic osteogenic pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Barbora Vesela
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czechia
- *Correspondence: Barbora Vesela,
| | - Michael Killinger
- Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czechia
| | - Kamila Rihova
- Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Petr Benes
- Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne’s University Hospital, Brno, Czechia
| | - Eva Svandová
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czechia
| | - Adela Kratochvilová
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czechia
- Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Filip Trcka
- Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Karel Kleparnik
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czechia
| | - Eva Matalova
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czechia
- Department of Physiology, University of Veterinary Sciences Brno, Brno, Czechia
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Lu L, Cai Y, Luo X, Wang Z, Fung SH, Jia H, Yu CL, Chan WY, Miu KK, Xiao W. A Core Omnigenic Non-coding Trait Governing Dex-Induced Osteoporotic Effects Identified Without DEXA. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:750959. [PMID: 34899306 PMCID: PMC8651565 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.750959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Iatrogenic glucocorticoid (GC)-induced osteoporosis (GIO) is an idiosyncratic form of secondary osteoporosis. Genetic predisposition among individuals may give rise to variant degree of phenotypic changes but there has yet been a documented unified pathway to explain the idiosyncrasy. In this study, we argue that the susceptibility to epigenetic changes governing molecular cross talks along the BMP and PI3K/Akt pathway may underline how genetic background dictate GC-induced bone loss. Concordantly, osteoblasts from BALB/c or C57BL/6 neonatal mice were treated with dexamethasone for transcriptome profiling. Furthermore, we also confirmed that GC-pre-conditioned mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) would give rise to defective osteogenesis by instigating epigenetic changes which affected the accessibility of enhancer marks. In line with these epigenetic changes, we propose that GC modulates a key regulatory network involving the scavenger receptor Cd36 in osteoblasts pre-conditioning pharmacological idiosyncrasy in GIO.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Lu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, School of Life Science and Biopharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanzhen Cai
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, School of Life Science and Biopharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoling Luo
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, School of Life Science and Biopharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhangting Wang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR China
| | - Sin Hang Fung
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR China
| | - Huanhuan Jia
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, School of Life Science and Biopharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Laboratory Animals, Guangdong Laboratory Animals Monitoring Institute, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chi Lam Yu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR China
| | - Wai Yee Chan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR China
| | - Kai Kei Miu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR China
| | - Wende Xiao
- Department of Orthopedics, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Ramesova A, Vesela B, Svandova E, Lesot H, Matalova E. Caspase-1 Inhibition Impacts the Formation of Chondrogenic Nodules, and the Expression of Markers Related to Osteogenic Differentiation and Lipid Metabolism. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179576. [PMID: 34502478 PMCID: PMC8431148 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Caspase-1, as the main pro-inflammatory cysteine protease, was investigated mostly with respect to inflammation-related processes. Interestingly, caspase-1 was identified as being involved in lipid metabolism, which is extremely important for the proper differentiation of chondrocytes. Based on a screening investigation, general caspase inhibition impacts the expression of Cd36 in chondrocytes, the fatty acid translocase with a significant impact on lipid metabolism. However, the engagement of individual caspases in the effect has not yet been identified. Therefore, the hypothesis that caspase-1 might be a candidate here appears challenging. The primary aim of this study thus was to find out whether the inhibition of caspase-1 activity would affect Cd36 expression in a chondrogenic micromass model. The expression of Pparg, a regulator Cd36, was examined as well. In the caspase-1 inhibited samples, both molecules were significantly downregulated. Notably, in the treated group, the formation of the chondrogenic nodules was apparently disrupted, and the subcellular deposition of lipids and polysaccharides showed an abnormal pattern. To further investigate this observation, the samples were subjected to an osteogenic PCR array containing selected markers related to cartilage/bone cell differentiation. Among affected molecules, Bmp7 and Gdf10 showed a significantly increased expression, while Itgam, Mmp9, Vdr, and Rankl decreased. Notably, Rankl is a key marker in bone remodeling/homeostasis and thus is a target in several treatment strategies, including a variety of fatty acids, and is balanced by its decoy receptor Opg (osteoprotegerin). To evaluate the effect of Cd36 downregulation on Rankl and Opg, Cd36 silencing was performed using micromass cultures. After Cd36 silencing, the expression of Rankl was downregulated and Opg upregulated, which was an inverse effect to caspase-1 inhibition (and Cd36 upregulation). These results demonstrate new functions of caspase-1 in chondrocyte differentiation and lipid metabolism-related pathways. The effect on the Rankl/Opg ratio, critical for bone maintenance and pathology, including osteoarthritis, is particularly important here as well.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alice Ramesova
- Department of Physiology, University of Veterinary Sciences Brno, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic; (A.R.); (E.S.); (E.M.)
| | - Barbora Vesela
- Department of Physiology, University of Veterinary Sciences Brno, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic; (A.R.); (E.S.); (E.M.)
- Laboratory of Odontogenesis and Osteogenesis, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Academy of Sciences, 602 00 Brno, Czech Republic;
- Correspondence:
| | - Eva Svandova
- Department of Physiology, University of Veterinary Sciences Brno, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic; (A.R.); (E.S.); (E.M.)
- Laboratory of Odontogenesis and Osteogenesis, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Academy of Sciences, 602 00 Brno, Czech Republic;
| | - Herve Lesot
- Laboratory of Odontogenesis and Osteogenesis, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Academy of Sciences, 602 00 Brno, Czech Republic;
| | - Eva Matalova
- Department of Physiology, University of Veterinary Sciences Brno, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic; (A.R.); (E.S.); (E.M.)
- Laboratory of Odontogenesis and Osteogenesis, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Academy of Sciences, 602 00 Brno, Czech Republic;
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Merlotti D, Cosso R, Eller-Vainicher C, Vescini F, Chiodini I, Gennari L, Falchetti A. Energy Metabolism and Ketogenic Diets: What about the Skeletal Health? A Narrative Review and a Prospective Vision for Planning Clinical Trials on this Issue. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22010435. [PMID: 33406758 PMCID: PMC7796307 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The existence of a common mesenchymal cell progenitor shared by bone, skeletal muscle, and adipocytes cell progenitors, makes the role of the skeleton in energy metabolism no longer surprising. Thus, bone fragility could also be seen as a consequence of a “poor” quality in nutrition. Ketogenic diet was originally proven to be effective in epilepsy, and long-term follow-up studies on epileptic children undergoing a ketogenic diet reported an increased incidence of bone fractures and decreased bone mineral density. However, the causes of such negative impacts on bone health have to be better defined. In these subjects, the concomitant use of antiepileptic drugs and the reduced mobilization may partly explain the negative effects on bone health, but little is known about the effects of diet itself, and/or generic alterations in vitamin D and/or impaired growth factor production. Despite these remarks, clinical studies were adequately designed to investigate bone health are scarce and bone health related aspects are not included among the various metabolic pathologies positively influenced by ketogenic diets. Here, we provide not only a narrative review on this issue, but also practical advice to design and implement clinical studies on ketogenic nutritional regimens and bone health outcomes. Perspectives on ketogenic regimens, microbiota, microRNAs, and bone health are also included.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Merlotti
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (D.M.); (L.G.)
| | - Roberta Cosso
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano “Scientific Institute for Hospitalisation and Care”, 20100 Milano, Italy; (R.C.); (I.C.)
| | - Cristina Eller-Vainicher
- Unit of Endocrinology, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda-Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico Milano, 20122 Milano, Italy;
| | - Fabio Vescini
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Unit, University-Hospital S. Maria della Misericordia of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy;
| | - Iacopo Chiodini
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano “Scientific Institute for Hospitalisation and Care”, 20100 Milano, Italy; (R.C.); (I.C.)
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, 20122 Milano, Italy
| | - Luigi Gennari
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (D.M.); (L.G.)
| | - Alberto Falchetti
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano “Scientific Institute for Hospitalisation and Care”, 20100 Milano, Italy; (R.C.); (I.C.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Role of Metabolism in Bone Development and Homeostasis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21238992. [PMID: 33256181 PMCID: PMC7729585 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21238992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbohydrates, fats, and proteins are the underlying energy sources for animals and are catabolized through specific biochemical cascades involving numerous enzymes. The catabolites and metabolites in these metabolic pathways are crucial for many cellular functions; therefore, an imbalance and/or dysregulation of these pathways causes cellular dysfunction, resulting in various metabolic diseases. Bone, a highly mineralized organ that serves as a skeleton of the body, undergoes continuous active turnover, which is required for the maintenance of healthy bony components through the deposition and resorption of bone matrix and minerals. This highly coordinated event is regulated throughout life by bone cells such as osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and osteocytes, and requires synchronized activities from different metabolic pathways. Here, we aim to provide a comprehensive review of the cellular metabolism involved in bone development and homeostasis, as revealed by mouse genetic studies.
Collapse
|
16
|
Carminati L, Taraboletti G. Thrombospondins in bone remodeling and metastatic bone disease. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2020; 319:C980-C990. [PMID: 32936697 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00383.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Thrombospondins (TSPs) are a family of five multimeric matricellular proteins. Through a wide range of interactions, TSPs play pleiotropic roles in embryogenesis and in tissue remodeling in adult physiology as well as in pathological conditions, including cancer development and metastasis. TSPs are active in bone remodeling, the process of bone resorption (osteolysis) and deposition (osteogenesis) that maintains bone homeostasis. TSPs are particularly involved in aberrant bone remodeling, including osteolytic and osteoblastic skeletal cancer metastasis, frequent in advanced cancers such as breast and prostate carcinoma. TSPs are major players in the bone metastasis microenvironment, where they finely tune the cross talk between tumor cells and bone resident cells in the metastatic niche. Each TSP family member has different effects on the differentiation and activity of bone cells-including the bone-degrading osteoclasts and the bone-forming osteoblasts-with different outcomes on the development and growth of osteolytic and osteoblastic metastases. Here, we overview the involvement of TSP family members in the bone tissue microenvironment, focusing on their activity on osteoclasts and osteoblasts in bone remodeling, and present the evidence to date of their roles in bone metastasis establishment and growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Carminati
- Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment, Department of Oncology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Giulia Taraboletti
- Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment, Department of Oncology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Bergamo, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Yang J, Ueharu H, Mishina Y. Energy metabolism: A newly emerging target of BMP signaling in bone homeostasis. Bone 2020; 138:115467. [PMID: 32512164 PMCID: PMC7423769 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2020.115467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Energy metabolism is the process of generating energy (i.e. ATP) from nutrients. This process is indispensable for cell homeostasis maintenance and responses to varying conditions. Cells require energy for growth and maintenance and have evolved to have multiple pathways to produce energy. Both genetic and functional studies have demonstrated that energy metabolism, such as glucose, fatty acid, and amino acid metabolism, plays important roles in the formation and function of bone cells including osteoblasts, osteocytes, and osteoclasts. Dysregulation of energy metabolism in bone cells consequently disturbs the balance between bone formation and bone resorption. Metabolic diseases have also been reported to affect bone homeostasis. Bone morphogenic protein (BMP) signaling plays critical roles in regulating the formation and function of bone cells, thus affecting bone development and homeostasis. Mutations of BMP signaling-related genes in mice have been reported to show abnormalities in energy metabolism in many tissues, including bone. In addition, BMP signaling correlates with critical signaling pathways such as mTOR, HIF, Wnt, and self-degradative process autophagy to coordinate energy metabolism and bone homeostasis. These findings will provide a newly emerging target of BMP signaling and potential therapeutic strategies and the improved management of bone diseases. This review summarizes the recent advances in our understanding of (1) energy metabolism in regulating the formation and function of bone cells, (2) function of BMP signaling in whole body energy metabolism, and (3) mechanistic interaction of BMP signaling with other signaling pathways and biological processes critical for energy metabolism and bone homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingwen Yang
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology & Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedicine of Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, China.
| | - Hiroki Ueharu
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Yuji Mishina
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Walter SG, Randau TM, Hilgers C, Haddouti EM, Masson W, Gravius S, Burger C, Wirtz DC, Schildberg FA. Molecular and Functional Phenotypes of Human Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Depend on Harvesting Techniques. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21124382. [PMID: 32575596 PMCID: PMC7352273 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) harvested in different tissues from the same donor exhibit different phenotypes. Each phenotype is not only characterized by a certain pattern of cell surface markers, but also different cellular functionalities. Only recently were different harvesting and processing techniques found to contribute to this phenomenon as well. This study was therefore set up to investigate proteomic and functional properties of human bone marrow-derived MSCs (hBM-MSC). These were taken from the same tissue and donor site but harvested either as aspirate or bone chip cultures. Both MSC populations were profiled for MSC markers defined by the International Society for Cellular Therapy (ISCT), MSC markers currently under discussion and markers of particular interest. While classic ISCT MSC markers did not show any significant difference between aspirate and outgrowth hBM-MSCs, our additional characterization panel revealed distinct patterns of differentially expressed markers. Furthermore, hBM-MSCs from aspirate cultures demonstrated a significantly higher osteogenic differentiation potential than outgrowth MSCs, which could be confirmed using a transcriptional approach. Our comparison of MSC phenotypes obtained by different harvesting techniques suggests the need of future standardized harvesting, processing and phenotyping procedures in order to gain better comparability in the MSC field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian G. Walter
- Clinic for Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany; (S.G.W.); (T.M.R.); (C.H.); (E.-M.H.); (W.M.); (S.G.); (C.B.); (D.C.W.)
- Clinic for Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Hospital Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Thomas M. Randau
- Clinic for Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany; (S.G.W.); (T.M.R.); (C.H.); (E.-M.H.); (W.M.); (S.G.); (C.B.); (D.C.W.)
| | - Cäcilia Hilgers
- Clinic for Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany; (S.G.W.); (T.M.R.); (C.H.); (E.-M.H.); (W.M.); (S.G.); (C.B.); (D.C.W.)
| | - El-Mustapha Haddouti
- Clinic for Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany; (S.G.W.); (T.M.R.); (C.H.); (E.-M.H.); (W.M.); (S.G.); (C.B.); (D.C.W.)
| | - Werner Masson
- Clinic for Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany; (S.G.W.); (T.M.R.); (C.H.); (E.-M.H.); (W.M.); (S.G.); (C.B.); (D.C.W.)
| | - Sascha Gravius
- Clinic for Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany; (S.G.W.); (T.M.R.); (C.H.); (E.-M.H.); (W.M.); (S.G.); (C.B.); (D.C.W.)
- Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, University Medical Center Mannheim of University Heidelberg, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Christof Burger
- Clinic for Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany; (S.G.W.); (T.M.R.); (C.H.); (E.-M.H.); (W.M.); (S.G.); (C.B.); (D.C.W.)
| | - Dieter C. Wirtz
- Clinic for Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany; (S.G.W.); (T.M.R.); (C.H.); (E.-M.H.); (W.M.); (S.G.); (C.B.); (D.C.W.)
| | - Frank A. Schildberg
- Clinic for Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany; (S.G.W.); (T.M.R.); (C.H.); (E.-M.H.); (W.M.); (S.G.); (C.B.); (D.C.W.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Rendina-Ruedy E, Rosen CJ. Lipids in the Bone Marrow: An Evolving Perspective. Cell Metab 2020; 31:219-231. [PMID: 31668874 PMCID: PMC7004849 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2019.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Because of heavy energy demands to maintain bone homeostasis, the skeletal system is closely tied to whole-body metabolism via neuronal and hormonal mediators. Glucose, amino acids, and fatty acids are the chief fuel sources for bone resident cells during its remodeling. Lipids, which can be mobilized from intracellular depots in the bone marrow, can be a potent source of fatty acids. Thus, while it has been suggested that adipocytes in the bone marrow act as "filler" and are detrimental to skeletal homeostasis, we propose that marrow lipids are, in fact, essential for proper bone functioning. As such, we examine the prevailing evidence regarding the storage, use, and export of lipids within the skeletal niche, including from both in vitro and in vivo model systems. We also highlight the numerous challenges that remain to fully appreciate the relationship of lipid turnover to skeletal homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Rendina-Ruedy
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Research Institute, Maine Medical Center, Scarborough, ME 04074, USA; Vanderbilt Center for Bone Biology, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
| | - Clifford J Rosen
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Research Institute, Maine Medical Center, Scarborough, ME 04074, USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Alekos NS, Moorer MC, Riddle RC. Dual Effects of Lipid Metabolism on Osteoblast Function. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:578194. [PMID: 33071983 PMCID: PMC7538543 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.578194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The skeleton is a dynamic and metabolically active organ with the capacity to influence whole body metabolism. This newly recognized function has propagated interest in the connection between bone health and metabolic dysfunction. Osteoblasts, the specialized mesenchymal cells responsible for the production of bone matrix and mineralization, rely on multiple fuel sources. The utilization of glucose by osteoblasts has long been a focus of research, however, lipids and their derivatives, are increasingly recognized as a vital energy source. Osteoblasts possess the necessary receptors and catabolic enzymes for internalization and utilization of circulating lipids. Disruption of these processes can impair osteoblast function, resulting in skeletal deficits while simultaneously altering whole body lipid homeostasis. This article provides an overview of the metabolism of postprandial and stored lipids and the osteoblast's ability to acquire and utilize these molecules. We focus on the requirement for fatty acid oxidation and the pathways regulating this function as well as the negative impact of dyslipidemia on the osteoblast and skeletal health. These findings provide key insights into the nuances of lipid metabolism in influencing skeletal homeostasis which are critical to appreciate the extent of the osteoblast's role in metabolic homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie S. Alekos
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Megan C. Moorer
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Baltimore Veterans Administration Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Ryan C. Riddle
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Baltimore Veterans Administration Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, United States
- *Correspondence: Ryan C. Riddle
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
McGrath C, Sankaran JS, Misaghian‐Xanthos N, Sen B, Xie Z, Styner MA, Zong X, Rubin J, Styner M. Exercise Degrades Bone in Caloric Restriction, Despite Suppression of Marrow Adipose Tissue (MAT). J Bone Miner Res 2020; 35:106-115. [PMID: 31509274 PMCID: PMC6980282 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.3872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Marrow adipose tissue (MAT) and its relevance to skeletal health during caloric restriction (CR) is unknown: It remains unclear whether exercise, which is anabolic to bone in a calorie-replete state, alters bone or MAT in CR. We hypothesized that response of bone and MAT to exercise in CR differs from the calorie-replete state. Ten-week-old female B6 mice fed a regular diet (RD) or 30% CR diet were allocated to sedentary (RD, CR, n = 10/group) or running exercise (RD-E, CR-E, n = 7/group). After 6 weeks, CR mice weighed 20% less than RD, p < 0.001; exercise did not affect weight. Femoral bone volume (BV) via 3D MRI was 20% lower in CR versus RD (p < 0.0001). CR was associated with decreased bone by μCT: Tb.Th was 16% less in CR versus RD, p < 0.003, Ct.Th was 5% less, p < 0.07. In CR-E, Tb.Th was 40% less than RD-E, p < 0.0001. Exercise increased Tb.Th in RD (+23% RD-E versus RD, p < 0.003) but failed to do so in CR. Cortical porosity increased after exercise in CR (+28%, p = 0.04), suggesting exercise during CR is deleterious to bone. In terms of bone fat, metaphyseal MAT/ BV rose 159% in CR versus RD, p = 0.003 via 3D MRI. Exercise decreased MAT/BV by 52% in RD, p < 0.05, and also suppressed MAT in CR (-121%, p = 0.047). Histomorphometric analysis of adipocyte area correlated with MAT by MRI (R2 = 0.6233, p < 0.0001). With respect to bone, TRAP and Sost mRNA were reduced in CR. Intriguingly, the repressed Sost in CR rose with exercise and may underlie the failure of CR-bone quantity to increase in response to exercise. Notably, CD36, a marker of fatty acid uptake, rose 4088% in CR (p < 0.01 versus RD), suggesting that basal increases in MAT during calorie restriction serve to supply local energy needs and are depleted during exercise with a negative impact on bone. © 2019 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cody McGrath
- Department of Medicine, Division of EndocrinologyUniversity of North CarolinaChapel HillNCUSA
| | - Jeyantt S Sankaran
- Department of Medicine, Division of EndocrinologyUniversity of North CarolinaChapel HillNCUSA
| | - Negin Misaghian‐Xanthos
- Department of Medicine, Division of EndocrinologyUniversity of North CarolinaChapel HillNCUSA
| | - Buer Sen
- Department of Medicine, Division of EndocrinologyUniversity of North CarolinaChapel HillNCUSA
| | - Zhihui Xie
- Department of Medicine, Division of EndocrinologyUniversity of North CarolinaChapel HillNCUSA
| | - Martin A Styner
- Department of Computer ScienceUniversity of North CarolinaChapel HillNCUSA
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of North CarolinaChapel HillNCUSA
| | - Xiaopeng Zong
- Biomedical Research Imaging CenterUniversity of North CarolinaChapel HillNCUSA
| | - Janet Rubin
- Department of Medicine, Division of EndocrinologyUniversity of North CarolinaChapel HillNCUSA
| | - Maya Styner
- Department of Medicine, Division of EndocrinologyUniversity of North CarolinaChapel HillNCUSA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Abstract
Osteoblasts are specialized mesenchymal cells that synthesize bone matrix and coordinate the mineralization of the skeleton. These cells work in harmony with osteoclasts, which resorb bone, in a continuous cycle that occurs throughout life. The unique function of osteoblasts requires substantial amounts of energy production, particularly during states of new bone formation and remodelling. Over the last 15 years, studies have shown that osteoblasts secrete endocrine factors that integrate the metabolic requirements of bone formation with global energy balance through the regulation of insulin production, feeding behaviour and adipose tissue metabolism. In this article, we summarize the current understanding of three osteoblast-derived metabolic hormones (osteocalcin, lipocalin and sclerostin) and the clinical evidence that suggests the relevance of these pathways in humans, while also discussing the necessity of specific energy substrates (glucose, fatty acids and amino acids) to fuel bone formation and promote osteoblast differentiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naomi Dirckx
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Megan C Moorer
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- The Baltimore Veterans Administration Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Thomas L Clemens
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- The Baltimore Veterans Administration Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ryan C Riddle
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- The Baltimore Veterans Administration Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
George EL, Truesdell SL, Magyar AL, Saunders MM. The effects of mechanically loaded osteocytes and inflammation on bone remodeling in a bisphosphonate-induced environment. Bone 2019; 127:460-473. [PMID: 31301402 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2019.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw is a disease appearing after tooth removal in patients undergoing bisphosphonate treatment for metastasizing cancers and osteoporosis. The complexity of the condition requires a multicellular model to address the net effects of two key risk factors: mechanical trauma (pathologic overload) and inflammation. In this work, a system comprised of a polydimethylsiloxane chip and mechanical loading device is used to expose bisphosphonate-treated osteocytes to mechanical trauma. Specifically, osteocytes are treated with the potent nitrogen-containing bisphosphonate, zoledronic acid, and exposed to short-term pathologic overload via substrate stretch. During bone remodeling, osteocyte apoptosis plays a role in attracting pre-osteoclasts to sites of damage; as such, lactate dehydrogenase activity, cell death and protein expression are evaluated as functions of load. Additionally, the effects of osteocyte soluble factors on osteoclast and osteoblast functional activity are quantified. Osteoclast activity and bone resorption are quantified in the presence and absence of inflammatory components, lipopolysaccharide and interferon gamma. Results suggest that inflammation associated with bacterial infection may hinder bone resorption by osteoclasts. In addition, osteocytes may respond to overload by altering expression of soluble signals that act on osteoblasts to attenuate bone formation. These findings give insight into the multicellular interactions implicated in bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Estee L George
- The University of Akron, Olson Research Center 319, 302 E. Buchtel Ave., Akron, OH 44325-0302, USA.
| | - Sharon L Truesdell
- The University of Akron, Olson Research Center 319, 302 E. Buchtel Ave., Akron, OH 44325-0302, USA.
| | - Alexandria L Magyar
- The University of Akron, Olson Research Center 319, 302 E. Buchtel Ave., Akron, OH 44325-0302, USA.
| | - Marnie M Saunders
- The University of Akron, Olson Research Center 319, 302 E. Buchtel Ave., Akron, OH 44325-0302, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Dawodu D, Patecki M, Dumler I, Haller H, Kiyan Y. oxLDL inhibits differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells into osteoblasts via the CD36 mediated suppression of Wnt signaling pathway. Mol Biol Rep 2019; 46:3487-3496. [PMID: 30847850 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-019-04735-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Bone abnormalities as a consequence of osteoblast deregulation are associated with several diseases such as diabetes and chronic kidney disease. Important role for oxidized low density lipoproteins (oxLDL) in the pathophysiology of bone disorders has been reported. However, little is known about the effects and mechanisms of oxLDL on the process of osteoblastogenesis in human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). We show that oxLDL concentrations of ~ 10-25 µg protein (0.43-1.0 µM MDA/mg protein) inhibited the differentiation of MSCs to osteoblasts. We demonstrate that the underlying mechanism entails the suppression of the Wnt signaling through the down-regulation of β-catenin. Further, we show the association of scavenger receptor CD36 with the receptors LRP5/6 and Frizzled in mediating the oxLDL effects on the differentiation of MSCs to pre-osteoblasts. Inhibiting CD36 restored osteoblasts differentiation in the presence of oxLDL. Our findings suggest that oxLDL interferes with the canonical Wnt signaling pathway in a CD36 dependent manner leading to an inhibition of osteoblastogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Damilola Dawodu
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Margret Patecki
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Inna Dumler
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Hermann Haller
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Yulia Kiyan
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Veselá B, Švandová E, Bobek J, Lesot H, Matalová E. Osteogenic and Angiogenic Profiles of Mandibular Bone-Forming Cells. Front Physiol 2019; 10:124. [PMID: 30837894 PMCID: PMC6389724 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The mandible is a tooth-bearing structure involving one of the most prominent bones of the facial region. Mesenchymal cell condensation is the first morphological sign of osteogenesis, and several studies have focused on this stage also in the mandible. Little information is available about the early post-condensation period, during which avascular soft condensation turns into vascularized bone, and all three major bone cell types, osteoblasts, osteocytes, and osteoclasts, differentiate. In the mouse first lower molar region, the post-condensation period corresponds to the prenatal days 13–15. If during this critical period, when osteogenesis reaches the point of major bone cell differentiation, vascularization already has to play a critical role, one should be able to show molecular changes which support both types of cellular events. The aim of the present report was to follow in organ context the expression of major osteogenic and angiogenic markers and identify those that are up- or downregulated during this period. To this end, PCR Array was applied covering molecules involved in osteoblastic cell proliferation, commitment or differentiation, extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition, mineralisation, osteocyte maturation, angiogenesis, osteoclastic differentiation, and initial bone remodeling. From 161 analyzed osteogenic and angiogenic factors, the expression of 37 was altered when comparing the condensation stage with the bone stage. The results presented here provide a molecular survey of the early post-condensation stage of mandibular/alveolar bone development which has not yet been investigated in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Barbora Veselá
- Laboratory of Molecular Morphogenesis, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czechia.,Department of Physiology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czechia
| | - Eva Švandová
- Laboratory of Molecular Morphogenesis, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czechia.,Department of Physiology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czechia
| | - Jan Bobek
- Laboratory of Molecular Morphogenesis, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czechia
| | - Hervé Lesot
- Laboratory of Molecular Morphogenesis, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czechia
| | - Eva Matalová
- Laboratory of Molecular Morphogenesis, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czechia.,Department of Physiology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czechia
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Harasymowicz NS, Dicks A, Wu CL, Guilak F. Physiologic and pathologic effects of dietary free fatty acids on cells of the joint. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2019; 1440:36-53. [PMID: 30648276 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.13999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Revised: 12/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Fatty acids (FAs) are potent organic compounds that not only can be used as an energy source during nutrient deprivation but are also involved in several essential signaling cascades in cells. Therefore, a balanced intake of different dietary FAs is critical for the maintenance of cellular functions and tissue homeostasis. A diet with an imbalanced fat composition creates a risk for developing metabolic syndrome and various musculoskeletal diseases, including osteoarthritis (OA). In this review, we summarize the current state of knowledge and mechanistic insights regarding the role of dietary FAs, such as saturated FAs, omega-6 polyunsaturated FAs (PUFAs), and omega-3 PUFAs on joint inflammation and OA pathogeneses. In particular, we review how different types of dietary FAs and their derivatives distinctly affect a variety of cells within the joint, including chondrocytes, osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and synoviocytes. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of FAs on metabolic behavior, anabolic, and catabolic processes, as well as the inflammatory response of joint cells, may help identify therapeutic targets for the prevention of metabolic joint diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalia S Harasymowicz
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri.,Shriners Hospitals for Children-St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Amanda Dicks
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri.,Shriners Hospitals for Children-St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Chia-Lung Wu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri.,Shriners Hospitals for Children-St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Farshid Guilak
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri.,Shriners Hospitals for Children-St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Abstract
The emergence of bone as an endocrine organ able to influence whole body metabolism, together with comorbid epidemics of obesity, diabetes, and osteoporosis, have prompted a renewed interest in the intermediary metabolism of the osteoblast. To date, most studies have focused on the utilization of glucose by this specialized cell, but the oxidation of fatty acids results in a larger energy yield. Osteoblasts express the requisite receptors and catabolic enzymes to take up and then metabolize fatty acids, which appears to be required during later stages of differentiation when the osteoblast is dedicated to matrix production and mineralization. In this article, we provide an overview of fatty acid β-oxidation and highlight studies demonstrating that the skeleton plays a significant role in the clearance of circulating lipoproteins and non-esterified fatty acids. Additionally, we review the requirement for long-chain fatty acid metabolism during post-natal bone development and the effects of anabolic stimuli on fatty acid utilization by osteoblasts. These recent findings may help to explain the skeletal manifestations of human diseases associated with impaired lipid metabolism while also providing additional insights into the metabolic requirements of skeletal homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Kushwaha
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Michael J Wolfgang
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ryan C Riddle
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Baltimore Veterans Administration Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Koduru SV, Sun BH, Walker JM, Zhu M, Simpson C, Dhodapkar M, Insogna KL. The contribution of cross-talk between the cell-surface proteins CD36 and CD47-TSP-1 in osteoclast formation and function. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:15055-15069. [PMID: 30082316 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra117.000633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Revised: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibody-mediated blockade of cluster of differentiation 47 (CD47)-thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) interactions blocks osteoclast formation in vitro and attenuates parathyroid hormone (PTH)-induced hypercalcemia in vivo in mice. Hypercalcemia in this model reflects increased bone resorption. TSP-1 has two cell-associated binding partners, CD47 and CD36. The roles of these two molecules in mediating the effects of TSP1 in osteoclasts are unclear. Osteoclast formation was attenuated but not absent when preosteoclasts isolated from CD47-/- mice were cocultured with WT osteoblasts. Suppressing CD36 in osteoclast progenitors also attenuated osteoclast formation. The hypercalcemic response to a PTH infusion was blunted in CD47-/-/CD36-/- (double knockout (DKO)) female mice but not CD47-/- mice or CD36-/- animals, supporting a role for both CD47 and CD36 in mediating this effect. Consistent with this, DKO osteoclasts had impaired resorptive activity when analyzed in vitro Inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) signaling is known to promote osteoclastogenesis, and TSP-1 suppresses NO production and signaling. An anti-TSP-1 antibody increased NO production in osteoclasts, and the inhibitory effect of anti-TSP-1 on osteoclastogenesis was completely rescued by l-nitroarginine methyl ester (l-NAME), a competitive NO synthase inhibitor. Supportive of an important role for CD36 in mediating the pro-osteoclastogenic effects of TSP-1, engaging CD36 with a synthetic agonist, p907, suppressed NO production in anti-TSP-1-treated cultures, allowing osteoclast maturation to occur. These results establish that CD36 and CD47 both participate in mediating the actions of TSP-1 in osteoclasts and establish a physiologically relevant cross-talk in bone tissue between these two molecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ben-Hua Sun
- Department of Medicine (Endocrinology), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - Joanne M Walker
- Department of Medicine (Endocrinology), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - Meiling Zhu
- Department of Medicine (Endocrinology), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - Christine Simpson
- Department of Medicine (Endocrinology), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - Madhav Dhodapkar
- From the Departments of Medicine (Hematology) and Immunobiology and
| | - Karl L Insogna
- Department of Medicine (Endocrinology), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Ambrogini E, Que X, Wang S, Yamaguchi F, Weinstein RS, Tsimikas S, Manolagas SC, Witztum JL, Jilka RL. Oxidation-specific epitopes restrain bone formation. Nat Commun 2018; 9:2193. [PMID: 29875355 PMCID: PMC5990540 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-04047-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis and osteoporosis are epidemiologically linked and oxidation specific epitopes (OSEs), such as phosphocholine (PC) of oxidized phospholipids (PC-OxPL) and malondialdehyde (MDA), are pathogenic in both. The proatherogenic effects of OSEs are opposed by innate immune antibodies. Here we show that high-fat diet (HFD)-induced bone loss is attenuated in mice expressing a single chain variable region fragment of the IgM E06 (E06-scFv) that neutralizes PC-OxPL, by increasing osteoblast number and stimulating bone formation. Similarly, HFD-induced bone loss is attenuated in mice expressing IK17-scFv, which neutralizes MDA. Notably, E06-scFv also increases bone mass in mice fed a normal diet. Moreover, the levels of anti-PC IgM decrease in aged mice. We conclude that OSEs, whether produced chronically or increased by HFD, restrain bone formation, and that diminished defense against OSEs may contribute to age-related bone loss. Anti-OSEs, therefore, may represent a novel therapeutic approach against osteoporosis and atherosclerosis simultaneously.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Ambrogini
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Center for Osteoporosis and Metabolic Bone Diseases, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences and Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, 4301W. Markham, Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA.
| | - Xuchu Que
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0682, USA
| | - Shuling Wang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0682, USA
| | - Fumihiro Yamaguchi
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0682, USA
| | - Robert S Weinstein
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Center for Osteoporosis and Metabolic Bone Diseases, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences and Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, 4301W. Markham, Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA
| | - Sotirios Tsimikas
- Department of Medicine, Cardiololgy, University of California San Diego, 9500 GilmanDrive, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0682, USA
| | - Stavros C Manolagas
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Center for Osteoporosis and Metabolic Bone Diseases, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences and Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, 4301W. Markham, Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA
| | - Joseph L Witztum
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0682, USA
| | - Robert L Jilka
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Center for Osteoporosis and Metabolic Bone Diseases, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences and Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, 4301W. Markham, Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Janečková E, Bíliková P, Matalová E. Osteogenic Potential of Caspases Related to Endochondral Ossification. J Histochem Cytochem 2018; 66:47-58. [PMID: 29091523 PMCID: PMC5761947 DOI: 10.1369/0022155417739283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Caspases have functions particularly in apoptosis and inflammation. Increasing evidence indicates novel roles of these proteases in cell differentiation, including those involved in osteogenesis. This investigation provides a complex screening of osteogenic markers affected by pan caspase inhibition in micromass cultures derived from mouse forelimbs. PCR Array analysis showed significant alterations in expression of 49 osteogenic genes after 7 days of inhibition. The largest change was a decrease in CD36 expression, which was confirmed at organ level by caspase inhibition in cultured mouse ulnae followed by CD36 immunohistochemical analysis. So far, available data point to osteogenic potential of pro-apoptotic caspases. Therefore, the expression of pro-apoptotic caspases (-3, -6, -7, -8, -9) within the growth plate of mouse forelimbs at the stage where the individual zones are clearly apparent was studied. Caspase-9 was reported in the growth plate for the first time as well as caspase-6 and -7 in the resting zone, caspase-7 in the proliferation, and caspase-6 and -8 in the ossification zone. For all caspases, there was a gradient increase in activation toward the ossification zone. The distribution of staining varied significantly from that of apoptotic cells, and thus, the results further support non-apoptotic participation of caspases in osteogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eva Janečková
- Department of Physiology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Bíliková
- Department of Physiology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Matalová
- Department of Physiology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics CAS, v.v.i., Brno, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Zeng Y, Zhang L, Zhu W, He H, Sheng H, Tian Q, Deng FY, Zhang LS, Hu HG, Deng HW. Network based subcellular proteomics in monocyte membrane revealed novel candidate genes involved in osteoporosis. Osteoporos Int 2017; 28:3033-3042. [PMID: 28741036 PMCID: PMC5812280 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-017-4146-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
In this study, label-free-based quantitative subcellular proteomics integrated with network analysis highlighted several candidate genes including P4HB, ITGB1, CD36, and ACTN1 that may be involved in osteoporosis. All of them are predicted as significant membrane proteins with high confidence and enriched in bone-related biological process. The results were further verified in transcriptomic and genomic levels. INTRODUCTION Osteoporosis is a metabolic bone disease mainly characterized by low bone mineral density (BMD). As the precursors of osteoclasts, peripheral blood monocytes (PBMs) are supported to be important candidates for identifying genes related to osteoporosis. We performed subcellular proteomics study to identify significant membrane proteins that involved in osteoporosis. METHODS To investigate the association between monocytes, membrane proteins, and osteoporosis, we performed label-free quantitative subcellular proteomics in 59 male subjects with discordant BMD levels, with 30 high vs. 29 low BMD subjects. Subsequently, we performed integrated gene enrichment analysis, functional annotation, and pathway and network analysis based on multiple bioinformatics tools. RESULTS A total of 1070 membrane proteins were identified and quantified. By comparing the proteins' expression level, we found 36 proteins that were differentially expressed between high and low BMD groups. Protein localization prediction supported the notion that the differentially expressed proteins, P4HB (p = 0.0021), CD36 (p = 0.0104), ACTN1 (p = 0.0381), and ITGB1 (p = 0.0385), are significant membrane proteins. Functional annotation and pathway and network analysis highlighted that P4HB, ITGB1, CD36, and ACTN1 are enriched in osteoporosis-related pathways and terms including "ECM-receptor interaction," "calcium ion binding," "leukocyte transendothelial migration," and "reduction of cytosolic calcium levels." Results from transcriptomic and genomic levels provided additional supporting evidences. CONCLUSION Our study strongly supports the significance of the genes P4HB, ITGB1, CD36, and ACTN1 to the etiology of osteoporosis risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Zeng
- College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, 100044, China
- Center of Bioinformatics and Genomics, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - L Zhang
- Center of Bioinformatics and Genomics, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - W Zhu
- Center of Bioinformatics and Genomics, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
- College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, 410081, China
| | - H He
- Center of Bioinformatics and Genomics, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - H Sheng
- Center of Bioinformatics and Genomics, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Q Tian
- Center of Bioinformatics and Genomics, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - F-Y Deng
- Center of Bioinformatics and Genomics, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
- Laboratory of Proteins and Proteomics, Department of Epidemiology, Soochow University School of Public Health, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 205123, China
| | - L-S Zhang
- College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - H-G Hu
- College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - H-W Deng
- College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, 100044, China.
- Center of Bioinformatics and Genomics, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Kim SP, Li Z, Zoch ML, Frey JL, Bowman CE, Kushwaha P, Ryan KA, Goh BC, Scafidi S, Pickett JE, Faugere MC, Kershaw EE, Thorek DLJ, Clemens TL, Wolfgang MJ, Riddle RC. Fatty acid oxidation by the osteoblast is required for normal bone acquisition in a sex- and diet-dependent manner. JCI Insight 2017; 2:92704. [PMID: 28814665 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.92704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Postnatal bone formation is influenced by nutritional status and compromised by disturbances in metabolism. The oxidation of dietary lipids represents a critical source of ATP for many cells but has been poorly studied in the skeleton, where the prevailing view is that glucose is the primary energy source. Here, we examined fatty acid uptake by bone and probed the requirement for fatty acid catabolism during bone formation by specifically disrupting the expression of carnitine palmitoyltransferase 2 (Cpt2), an obligate enzyme in fatty acid oxidation, in osteoblasts and osteocytes. Radiotracer studies demonstrated that the skeleton accumulates a significant fraction of postprandial fatty acids, which was equal to or in excess of that acquired by skeletal muscle or adipose tissue. Female, but not male, Cpt2 mutant mice exhibited significant impairments in postnatal bone acquisition, potentially due to an inability of osteoblasts to modify fuel selection. Intriguingly, suppression of fatty acid utilization by osteoblasts and osteocytes also resulted in the development of dyslipidemia and diet-dependent modifications in body composition. Taken together, these studies demonstrate a requirement for fatty acid oxidation during bone accrual and suggest a role for the skeleton in lipid homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Zhu Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Susanna Scafidi
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Julie E Pickett
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Erin E Kershaw
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Daniel L J Thorek
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Cancer Molecular and Functional Imaging Program, Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Thomas L Clemens
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery.,Baltimore Veterans Administration Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Ryan C Riddle
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery.,Baltimore Veterans Administration Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Abstract
The rising incidence of metabolic diseases worldwide has prompted renewed interest in the study of intermediary metabolism and cellular bioenergetics. The application of modern biochemical methods for quantitating fuel substrate metabolism with advanced mouse genetic approaches has greatly increased understanding of the mechanisms that integrate energy metabolism in the whole organism. Examination of the intermediary metabolism of skeletal cells has been sparked by a series of unanticipated observations in genetically modified mice that suggest the existence of novel endocrine pathways through which bone cells communicate their energy status to other centers of metabolic control. The recognition of this expanded role of the skeleton has in turn led to new lines of inquiry directed at defining the fuel requirements and bioenergetic properties of bone cells. This article provides a comprehensive review of historical and contemporary studies on the metabolic properties of bone cells and the mechanisms that control energy substrate utilization and bioenergetics. Special attention is devoted to identifying gaps in our current understanding of this new area of skeletal biology that will require additional research to better define the physiological significance of skeletal cell bioenergetics in human health and disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan C Riddle
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland; and The Baltimore Veterans Administration Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Thomas L Clemens
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland; and The Baltimore Veterans Administration Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Zong S, Zeng G, Fang Y, Peng J, Zou B, Gao T, Zhao J. The effects of α-zearalanol on the proliferation of bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells and their differentiation into osteoblasts. J Bone Miner Metab 2016; 34:151-60. [PMID: 25944420 DOI: 10.1007/s00774-015-0659-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 02/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to explore the effects of α-zearalanol (α-ZAL) on the proliferation of mouse bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and their differentiation into osteoblasts. Six- to eight-week-old BALB/C mice were used either as recipients or as bone marrow donors. BMSCs were isolated and collected using a differential adhesion method, with use of 10 % fetal bovine serum and Iscove's modified Dulbecco's medium. After the third generation, the BMSCs were randomly placed into the following subgroups: a control group, an osteogenic medium (OM) group, a 17β-estradiol group, an α-ZAL 10(-7) mol/L group, an α-ZAL 10(-6) mol/L group, and an α-ZAL 10(-5) mol/L group. Flow cytometry was used to identify the BMSCs collected from the bone marrow. The 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide test was performed, and markers of the osteoblasts were measured in the different subgroups. In addition, expression of osteoprotegerin and expression of receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand were examined using Western blot. In contrast to the control and OM groups, BMSCs in the α-ZAL groups exhibited long fusiform shapes, and contact inhibition was observed when the cells were closely packed. After induction, the BMSCs grew well and exhibited triangular, star, polygonal, or irregular shapes. Clumps and multiple cells were evident. The trends of the proliferation and differentiation for the control, OM, 17β-estradiol, and α-ZAL groups were similar. Compared with the control and OM groups, in the α-ZAL groups the expression levels of alkaline phosphatase, procollagen type I N-terminal propeptide, bone morphogenetic protein 2, and osteocalcin were significantly increased (p < 0.05). In addition, α-ZAL inhibited osteoclastogenesis by increasing the expression of osteoprotegerin and decreasing the expression of nuclear factor κB ligand. In conclusion, α-ZAL can increase the proliferation of BMSCs and their differentiation into osteoblasts and can effectively suppress osteoclastogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shaohui Zong
- Department of Spine Osteopathia, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Gaofeng Zeng
- College of Public Hygiene, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Ye Fang
- Graduate School, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinzhen Peng
- Graduate School, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Zou
- Graduate School, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Taihang Gao
- Graduate School, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingmin Zhao
- Department of Osteopathia, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, No. 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Amend SR, Uluckan O, Hurchla M, Leib D, Novack DV, Silva M, Frazier W, Weilbaecher KN. Thrombospondin-1 regulates bone homeostasis through effects on bone matrix integrity and nitric oxide signaling in osteoclasts. J Bone Miner Res 2015; 30:106-15. [PMID: 25042340 PMCID: PMC4403870 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.2308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2014] [Revised: 06/24/2014] [Accepted: 06/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Thrombospondin-1 (TSP1), an endogenous antiangiogenic, is a widely expressed secreted ligand with roles in migration, adhesion, and proliferation and is a target for new therapeutics. While TSP1 is present in the bone matrix and several TSP1 receptors play roles in bone biology, the role of TSP1 in bone remodeling has not been fully elucidated. Bone turnover is characterized by coordinated activity of bone-forming osteoblasts (OB) and bone-resorbing osteoclasts (OC). TSP1-/- mice had increased bone mass and increased cortical bone size and thickness compared to wild type (WT). However, despite increased size, TSP1-/- femurs showed less resistance to bending than expected, indicative of diminished bone quality and a bone material defect. Additionally, we found that TSP1 deficiency resulted in decreased OC activity in vivo and reduced OC differentiation. TSP1 was critical during early osteoclastogenesis, and TSP1 deficiency resulted in a substantial overexpression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). Importantly, administration of a NOS inhibitor rescued the OC function defects of TSP1-/- mice in vivo. To investigate the role of bone-derived TSP1 in osteoclastogenesis, we found that WT pre-OCs had defective iNOS expression when cultured on TSP1-/- bone compared to WT bone, suggesting that TSP1 in bone plays a critical role in iNOS signaling during OC development. These data implicate a new role for TSP1 in bone homeostasis with roles in maintaining bone matrix integrity and regulating OC formation. It will be critical to monitor bone health of patients administered TSP1-pathway directed therapeutics in clinical use and under development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah R. Amend
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Ozge Uluckan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Michelle Hurchla
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Daniel Leib
- Department of Orthopedics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Deborah Veis Novack
- Department of Medicine, Division of Bone and Mineral Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Matthew Silva
- Department of Orthopedics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - William Frazier
- Department of Biochemistry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Katherine N. Weilbaecher
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Abstract
The immune system and bone are intimately linked with significant physical and functionally related interactions. The innate immune system functions as an immediate response system to initiate protections against local challenges such as pathogens and cellular damage. Bone is a very specific microenvironment, in which infectious attack is less common but repair and regeneration are ongoing and important functions. Thus, in the bone the primary goal of innate immune and bone interactions is to maintain tissue integrity. Innate immune signals are critical for removal of damaged and apoptotic cells and to stimulate normal tissue repair and regeneration. In this review we focus on the innate immune mechanisms that function to regulate bone homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia F. Charles
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115 Phone: FAX:
| | - Mary C. Nakamura
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of California, San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA, 94143
- Arthritis/Immunology Section, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 4150 Clement Street, 111R, San Francisco, CA 94121, Phone: 415 750-2104, FAX: 415 750-6920,
- corresponding author: Arthritis/Immunology Section, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 4150 Clement Street, 111R, San Francisco, CA 94121
| |
Collapse
|