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Shenassa ED, Gleason JL, Hirabayashi K. Fetal Exposure to Tobacco Metabolites and Depression During Adulthood: Beyond Binary Measures. Epidemiology 2024; 35:602-609. [PMID: 38967976 DOI: 10.1097/ede.0000000000001757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sibling studies of maternal smoking during pregnancy and subsequent risk of depression have produced mixed results. A recent study identified not considering the amount of maternal smoking and age of onset as potentially masking a true association. We examine these issues and also the amount of maternal smoking during pregnancy as a determinant of the severity of depressive symptoms. METHODS We analyzed data from the community-based National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (US, 1994-2016). Mothers reported smoking during pregnancy (none, <1 pack/day, ≥1 pack/day). We assessed offspring's lifetime depression (i.e., ≥8 symptoms) and symptom counts with the Centers for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale. We estimated the risk of these two outcomes in the full sample (n = 7172) and among siblings (n = 6145) using generalized linear mixed-effects models with random intercepts by family and family-averaged means for sibling analyses. RESULTS Among siblings, we observed dose-dependent elevations for both risk of depression (smoking during pregnancy <1 pack/day adjusted risk ratio [aRR] = 1.18; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.07, 1.30; smoking ≥1 aRR = 1.36; 95% CI = 1.19, 1.56) and severity of depressive symptoms (smoking <1 pack/day aRR = 1.12; 95% CI = 1.08, 1.16); smoking ≥1 pack/day aRR = 1.25; 95% CI = 1.18, 1.31). Among both samples, the P for trend was <0.01. In analysis limited to offspring diagnosed before age 18, results for severity were attenuated. CONCLUSIONS This evidence supports the existence of an independent association between maternal smoking during pregnancy and both the risk of depression and the severity of depressive symptoms. The results highlight the utility of considering the amount of smoking, severity of symptoms, and age of onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edmond D Shenassa
- From the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Maternal & Child Health Program, School of Public Health, University of Maryland College Park, MD
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD
| | - Jessica L Gleason
- From the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Maternal & Child Health Program, School of Public Health, University of Maryland College Park, MD
| | - Kathryn Hirabayashi
- From the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Maternal & Child Health Program, School of Public Health, University of Maryland College Park, MD
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Leusin F, Damiano RF, Mendes LST, Hoffmann MS, Manfro AG, Pan PM, Gadelha A, de Jesus Mari J, Manfro GG, Miguel EC, Rohde LA, Bressan RA, Salum GA. Perinatal and neonatal factors and mental disorders in children and adolescents: looking for the contributions of the early environment to common and dissociable aspects of psychopathology. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2024:10.1007/s00787-024-02402-0. [PMID: 38519607 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-024-02402-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
High rates of co-occurrence of mental disorders have been hypothesized to represent a result of common susceptibility to overall psychopathology. The purpose of this study is to test the hypothesis that commonalities among psychiatric disorders might be partially driven by sharable perinatal and neonatal environmental factors for mental disorders. Participants were 6-14 years of age children and their parents. Primary caregivers provided data on perinatal and neonatal information assessed retrospectively (n = 2231). Psychiatric disorders diagnoses were assessed using the Development and Well Being Behavior Assessment (DAWBA). We used bifactor models to disentangle common from dissociable aspects of psychopathology. These models allow modeling psychiatric disorders as the result of a common domain of psychopathology (p-factor) and three dissociable domains (fear, distress, and externalizing symptoms). Associations were tested using linear and tobit regression models. The p-factor was associated with male sex, low socioeconomic status, gestational smoking, gestational drinking, low levels of maternal education and presence of mental disorder in the mother. Associations with specific factors also emerged suggesting some risk factors might also have some role for fear, distress and externalizing factors. Our study supports the hypothesis that overall susceptibility to psychopathology might be partially driven by sharable perinatal and neonatal factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiane Leusin
- Section On Negative Affect and Social Process, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents (INCT-CNPq), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rodolfo Furlan Damiano
- National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents (INCT-CNPq), São Paulo, Brazil.
- Instituto de Psiquiatria da Faculdade de Medicina da USP, Rua Ovídio Pires de Campos, 785-Cerqueira César, São Paulo, SP, 05403-903, Brazil.
| | - Lorenna Sena Teixeira Mendes
- Section On Negative Affect and Social Process, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents (INCT-CNPq), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maurício Scopel Hoffmann
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Camobi, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Mental Health Epidemiology Group (MHEG), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
- London School of Economics and Political Science, Care Policy and Evaluation Centre, London, UK
| | - Arthur Gus Manfro
- Section On Negative Affect and Social Process, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents (INCT-CNPq), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Pedro Mario Pan
- National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents (INCT-CNPq), São Paulo, Brazil
- Departamento de Psiquiatria da Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ary Gadelha
- National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents (INCT-CNPq), São Paulo, Brazil
- Departamento de Psiquiatria da Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jair de Jesus Mari
- National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents (INCT-CNPq), São Paulo, Brazil
- Departamento de Psiquiatria da Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gisele Gus Manfro
- Section On Negative Affect and Social Process, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents (INCT-CNPq), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eurípedes Constantino Miguel
- National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents (INCT-CNPq), São Paulo, Brazil
- Instituto de Psiquiatria da Faculdade de Medicina da USP, Rua Ovídio Pires de Campos, 785-Cerqueira César, São Paulo, SP, 05403-903, Brazil
| | - Luis Augusto Rohde
- Section On Negative Affect and Social Process, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents (INCT-CNPq), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Affonseca Bressan
- National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents (INCT-CNPq), São Paulo, Brazil
- Departamento de Psiquiatria da Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Giovanni Abrahão Salum
- Section On Negative Affect and Social Process, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents (INCT-CNPq), São Paulo, Brazil
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Shenassa ED, Rogers ML, Buka SL. Maternal smoking during pregnancy, offspring smoking, adverse childhood events, and risk of major depression: a sibling design study. Psychol Med 2023; 53:206-216. [PMID: 33899711 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291721001392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence of a biologically plausible association between maternal smoking during pregnancy (MSP) and the risk of depression is discounted by null findings from two sibling studies. However, valid causal inference from sibling studies is subject to challenges inherent to human studies of MSP and biases particular to this design. We addressed these challenges in the first sibling study of MSP and depression conducted among adults past the peak age for the onset of depression, utilizing a prospectively collected and biologically validated measure of MSP and accounting for non-shared as well as mediating factors. METHODS We fit GEE binomial regression models to correct for dependence in the risk of depression across pregnancies of the same mother. We also fit marginal structural models (MSM) to estimate the controlled direct effect of MSP on depression that is not mediated by the offspring's smoking status. Both models allow the estimation of within- and between-sibling risk ratios. RESULTS The adjusted within-sibling risk ratios (RRW) from both models (GEE: RRW = 1.97, CI 1.16-3.32; MSM: RRW = 2.08, CI 1.04-4.17) evinced an independent association between MSP and risk of depression. The overall effects from a standard model evinced lower associations (GEE: RRT = 1.12, CI 0.98-1.28; MSM: RRT = 1.18, CI 1.01-1.37). CONCLUSIONS Based on within-sibling information free of unmeasured shared confounders and accounting for a range of unshared factors, we found an effect of MSP on the offspring's risk of depression. Our findings, should they be replicated in future studies, highlight the importance of considering challenges inherent to human studies of MSP and affective disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edmond D Shenassa
- Maternal & Child Health Program, Department of Family Science and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Michelle L Rogers
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Stephen L Buka
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
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Maternal smoking during pregnancy and children's mental health at age 22 years: Results of a birth cohort study. J Affect Disord 2022; 300:203-208. [PMID: 34986370 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.12.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early exposures such as maternal smoking can be associated mental disorders. We aimed to analyze the association between maternal smoking during pregnancy (MSDP), generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), and depression in the 1993 birth cohort (Pelotas, Brazil). METHODS Data on maternal smoking were collected in the perinatal study, while information on GAD and depression was collected at age 22 years using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI). Information on maternal mental health, the mediator, was collected at the 11-year follow-up. Simple and multiple logistic regressions were used to assess the association between exposure, outcomes, and analysis of negative controls. RESULTS 3,781 participants presented complete data. The incidence of GAD was 10.4%, depression 2.9%, and smoking during pregnancy 32.6%. The children of mothers who smoked had a 45% higher chance of developing GAD at age 22 years (OR 1.45; 95%CI 1.18; 1.80) and 75% higher chance of depression (OR 1.75; 95%CI 1.18; 2.59). Also, the higher the number of cigarettes smoked. the higher was the chance for the development of GAD. Paternal smoking was not associated with the outcomes. The mother's mental health accounted for 18.2% of the association between maternal smoking and GAD, and for 13.4% for maternal smoking and depression. LIMITATIONS Data for smoking during pregnancy were collected through a self-report. Residual confusion due to important variables cannot be ruled out. CONCLUSIONS MSDP was associated with the mental health of children in early adulthood. However, a small part of the effect found was mediated by the mother's mental health.
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Varela RB, Cararo JH, Tye SJ, Carvalho AF, Valvassori SS, Fries GR, Quevedo J. Contributions of epigenetic inheritance to the predisposition of major psychiatric disorders: theoretical framework, evidence, and implications. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2022; 135:104579. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Sarala M, Mustonen A, Alakokkare AE, Salom C, Miettunen J, Niemelä S. Parental smoking and young adult offspring psychosis, depression and anxiety disorders and substance use disorder. Eur J Public Health 2022; 32:254-260. [PMID: 35092289 PMCID: PMC9090280 DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckac004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To study the associations between maternal smoking during pregnancy and paternal smoking before pregnancy and adult offspring psychiatric disorders. Methods Prospective general population cohort study in Northern Finland, with people from the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1986: 7259 subjects (77% of the original sample). Data on parental smoking were collected from parents during pregnancy using questionnaires. Outcomes were offspring’s register-based diagnoses: any psychiatric disorder, any non-organic psychosis, mood disorder, anxiety disorder and substance use disorder (SUD) until the age of 29–30 years. Maternal smoking during pregnancy and paternal smoking before pregnancy were pooled to three-class variables: (i) none; (ii) 1–9 and (iii) ≥10 cigarettes/day. Information regarding both parents’ alcohol use during pregnancy and at offspring age 15–16 years, maternal education level, family structure, parental psychiatric diagnoses and offspring gender, smoking, intoxication frequency and illicit substance use at the age of 15–16 years were investigated as covariates. Results In the multivariable analyses, maternal smoking during pregnancy did not associate with the studied outcomes after adjusting for offspring smoking and other substance use at offspring age 15–16 years and parental psychiatric disorders. However, paternal smoking ≥10 cigarettes/day before pregnancy [hazard ratio (HR) = 5.5, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.7–11.2, P < 0.001] and paternal psychiatric disorders (HR = 1.7, 95% CI 1.1–2.8, P = 0.028) associated with offspring SUD after adjustments. Conclusions Information across the offspring life course is essential in exploring the association between parental smoking and offspring psychiatric disorders. Paternal smoking before pregnancy and paternal psychiatric disorders may act as modifiers in elevating the risk of substance-use-related problems among offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marian Sarala
- Research Unit of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Antti Mustonen
- Research Unit of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, University Consortium of Seinäjoki, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Anni-Emilia Alakokkare
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, University Consortium of Seinäjoki, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Caroline Salom
- Institute for Social Science Research, University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jouko Miettunen
- Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Solja Niemelä
- Addiction Psychiatry Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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7
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Schellhas L, Haan E, Easey KE, Wootton RE, Sallis HM, Sharp GC, Munafò MR, Zuccolo L. Maternal and child genetic liability for smoking and caffeine consumption and child mental health: an intergenerational genetic risk score analysis in the ALSPAC cohort. Addiction 2021; 116:3153-3166. [PMID: 33891774 PMCID: PMC9376939 DOI: 10.1111/add.15521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Previous studies suggest an association between maternal tobacco and caffeine consumption during and outside of pregnancy and offspring mental health. We aimed to separate effects of the maternal environment (intrauterine or postnatal) from pleiotropic genetic effects. DESIGN Secondary analysis of a longitudinal study. We (i) validated smoking and caffeine genetic risk scores (GRS) derived from published genome-wide association study (GWAS) for use during pregnancy, (ii) compared estimated effects of maternal and offspring GRS on childhood mental health outcomes and (iii) tested associations between maternal and offspring GRS on their respective outcomes. SETTING We used data from a longitudinal birth cohort study from England, the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC). PARTICIPANTS Our sample included 7921 mothers and 7964 offspring. MEASUREMENTS Mental health and non-mental health phenotypes were derived from questionnaires and clinical assessments: 79 maternal phenotypes assessed during and outside of pregnancy and 71 offspring phenotypes assessed in childhood (<10 years) and adolescence (11-18 years). FINDINGS The maternal smoking and caffeine GRS were associated with maternal smoking and caffeine consumption during pregnancy (2nd trimester: Psmoking = 3.0 × 10-7 , Pcaffeine = 3.28 × 10-5 ). Both the maternal and offspring smoking GRS showed evidence of association with reduced childhood anxiety symptoms (βmaternal = -0.033; βoffspring = -0.031) and increased conduct disorder symptoms (βmaternal = 0.024; βoffspring = 0.030), after correcting for multiple testing. Finally, the maternal and offspring smoking GRS were associated with phenotypes related to sensation seeking behaviours in mothers and adolescence (e.g. increased symptoms of externalising disorders, extraversion and monotony avoidance). The caffeine GRS showed weaker evidence for associations with mental health outcomes. CONCLUSIONS We did not find strong evidence that maternal smoking and caffeine genetic risk scores have a causal effect on offspring mental health outcomes. Our results confirm that the smoking genetic risk scores also captures liability for sensation seeking personality traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Schellhas
- School of Psychological ScienceUniversity of BristolBristolUK
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of BristolBristolUK
| | - Elis Haan
- School of Psychological ScienceUniversity of BristolBristolUK
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of BristolBristolUK
| | - Kayleigh E. Easey
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of BristolBristolUK
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical SchoolUniversity of BristolBristolUK
| | - Robyn E. Wootton
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of BristolBristolUK
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical SchoolUniversity of BristolBristolUK
| | - Hannah M. Sallis
- School of Psychological ScienceUniversity of BristolBristolUK
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of BristolBristolUK
- Centre for Academic Mental Health, Bristol Medical SchoolUniversity of BristolBristolUK
| | - Gemma C. Sharp
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of BristolBristolUK
- Bristol Dental SchoolUniversity of BristolBristolUK
| | - Marcus R. Munafò
- School of Psychological ScienceUniversity of BristolBristolUK
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of BristolBristolUK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at the University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust and the University of BristolBristolUK
| | - Luisa Zuccolo
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of BristolBristolUK
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical SchoolUniversity of BristolBristolUK
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Su Y, D'Arcy C, Meng X. Research Review: Developmental origins of depression - a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2021; 62:1050-1066. [PMID: 33259072 PMCID: PMC8451906 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.13358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many observational studies have found a direct association between adverse in utero, perinatal and postnatal exposures and offspring's depression. These findings are consistent with the 'developmental origins of disease hypothesis'. But no review has comprehensively summarized the roles of these exposures. This review aims to systematically scrutinize the strength of associations between individual prenatal, perinatal, and postnatal exposures and subsequent depression in offspring. METHODS We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to synthesize the literature from the EMBASE, HealthStar, PsychoInfo, and Medline databases since their inception to September 1, 2019. English language articles on population-based prospective cohort studies examining the associations between in utero, perinatal, and postnatal exposures and offspring's depression were searched. Random-effects models were used to calculate pooled estimates, and heterogeneity and sensitivity tests were conducted to explore potential confounders in the relationships of depression and early-life factors. Qualitative analysis was also conducted. RESULTS Sixty-four prospective cohort studies with 28 exposures studied in the relationships to offspring's depression met inclusion criteria. The meta-analysis found 12 prenatal, perinatal, and postnatal characteristics were associated with an increased risk of depression in offspring: low birth weight, premature birth, small gestational age, maternal education, socioeconomic status, having younger parents (<20 years), having older parents (≥35 years), maternal smoking, paternal smoking, maternal stress, maternal anxiety, and prenatal depression. Heterogeneity and sensitivity tests supported the findings. By and large, study characteristics had no effects on conclusions. Qualitative analyses generally supported the findings of meta-analysis and reported on additional risk factors. CONCLUSIONS This review provides a robust and comprehensive overview of the lasting psychopathological effects of in utero, perinatal, and postnatal exposures. The findings highlight the need for clinical and public health interventions focusing on the identified risk factors. Large prospective cohort studies are warranted to investigate the combined effects of multiple co-existing early-life exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Su
- School of Public HealthUniversity of SaskatchewanSaskatoonSKCanada
| | - Carl D'Arcy
- School of Public HealthUniversity of SaskatchewanSaskatoonSKCanada
- Department of PsychiatryCollege of MedicineUniversity of SaskatchewanSaskatoonSKCanada
| | - Xiangfei Meng
- Department of PsychiatryMcGill UniversityMontrealQCCanada
- Douglas Research CentreMontrealQCCanada
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Little B, Sud N, Nobile Z, Bhattacharya D. Teratogenic effects of maternal drug abuse on developing brain and underlying neurotransmitter mechanisms. Neurotoxicology 2021; 86:172-179. [PMID: 34391795 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2021.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this review is to highlight our knowledge of the various drugs of abuse that can prove potential teratogens affecting the brain and cognitive development in an individual exposed to maternal consumption of such agents. Among several drugs of abuse in women, we specifically highlighted the commonly used alcohol, nicotine, opioids, cannabis, cocaine and marijuana. These drugs can affect the fetal development and slow the cognitive maturation apart from physical disabilities. However, no known therapy exists to counter the toxic potential of these drugs. Several researchers used animal models of drug abuse to understand the underlying mechanisms affecting brain development and the relevant neurotransmitter system. Identifying such targets can potentially help in drug discovery research. We reported in depth analysis of such mechanisms and discussed the potential targets for drug development research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brianna Little
- Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, 1858 Grandview Blvd., Erie, PA, 16509, United States
| | - Neilesh Sud
- Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, 1858 Grandview Blvd., Erie, PA, 16509, United States
| | - Zachary Nobile
- Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, 1858 Grandview Blvd., Erie, PA, 16509, United States
| | - Dwipayan Bhattacharya
- Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, 1858 Grandview Blvd., Erie, PA, 16509, United States.
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Yang Q, Millard LAC, Davey Smith G. Proxy gene-by-environment Mendelian randomization study confirms a causal effect of maternal smoking on offspring birthweight, but little evidence of long-term influences on offspring health. Int J Epidemiol 2021; 49:1207-1218. [PMID: 31834381 PMCID: PMC7660158 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyz250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A lack of genetic data across generations makes transgenerational Mendelian randomization (MR) difficult. We used UK Biobank and a novel proxy gene-by-environment MR to investigate effects of maternal smoking heaviness in pregnancy on offspring health, using participants’ (generation one: G1) genotype (rs16969968 in CHRNA5) as a proxy for their mothers’ (G0) genotype. Methods We validated this approach by replicating an established effect of maternal smoking heaviness on offspring birthweight. Then we applied this approach to explore effects of maternal (G0) smoking heaviness on offspring (G1) later life outcomes and on birthweight of G1 women’s children (G2). Results Each additional smoking-increasing allele in offspring (G1) was associated with a 0.018 [95% confidence interval (CI): -0.026, -0.009] kg lower G1 birthweight in maternal (G0) smoking stratum, but no meaningful effect (-0.002 kg; 95% CI: -0.008, 0.003) in maternal non-smoking stratum (interaction P-value = 0.004). The differences in associations of rs16969968 with grandchild’s (G2) birthweight between grandmothers (G0) who did, versus did not, smoke were heterogeneous (interaction P-value = 0.042) among mothers (G1) who did (-0.020 kg/allele; 95% CI: -0.044, 0.003), versus did not (0.007 kg/allele; 95% CI: -0.005, 0.020), smoke in pregnancy. Conclusions Our study demonstrated how offspring genotype can be used to proxy for the mother’s genotype in gene-by-environment MR. We confirmed the causal effect of maternal (G0) smoking on offspring (G1) birthweight, but found little evidence of an effect on G1 longer-term health outcomes. For grandchild’s (G2) birthweight, the effect of grandmother’s (G0) smoking heaviness in pregnancy may be modulated by maternal (G1) smoking status in pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Yang
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.,Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Louise A C Millard
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.,Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.,Intelligent Systems Laboratory, Department of Computer Science, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - George Davey Smith
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.,Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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11
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Prenatal alcohol and tobacco use and the risk of depression in offspring at age of 17 years: findings from the Raine Study. J Affect Disord 2021; 279:426-433. [PMID: 33120243 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prenatal alcohol and tobacco exposures have been associated with adverse mental health consequences in offspring. The objective of this study was to test the associations between maternal prenatal alcohol and tobacco exposures and depressive symptoms in the offspring, adjusting for a wide range of potential confounders. METHODS We used data from 1168 mother-offspring pairs from the Raine Study based in Perth, Western Australia. Depressive symptoms at age 17 years were measured using the Beck Depression Inventory for Youth (BDI-Y). Associations between prenatal alcohol and tobacco use and the risk of depressive symptoms in offspring were estimated by risk ratios (RR) derived with multivariable log-binomial regression. RESULTS Among offspring who were assessed for depressive symptoms, 5% were born to mothers who consumed six or more standard drinks of alcohol per week during pregnancy and 20% were exposed to prenatal tobacco. After adjustment for confounders, depressive symptoms at the age of 17 years remained associated with maternal alcohol use of six or more standard drinks per week [RR 1.59 (95% CI: 1.11-2.26)] and any tobacco use [RR 1.36 (95% CI: 1.05-1.79)] during the first trimester of pregnancy. CONCLUSION Offspring exposed to prenatal alcohol and tobacco use had greater risks of depressive symptoms compared with unexposed offspring, suggesting early screening and prevention of these exposures could possibly reduce depressive symptoms in offspring.
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12
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Duko B, Ayano G, Pereira G, Betts K, Alati R. Prenatal tobacco use and the risk of mood disorders in offspring: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2020; 55:1549-1562. [PMID: 32895729 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-020-01949-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE It is plausible that offspring born to mothers using tobacco during pregnancy may have increased risk of mood disorders (depression and bipolar disorders); however, mixed results have been reported. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the magnitude and consistency of associations reported between prenatal tobacco use and mood disorders in offspring. METHODS We systematically searched EMBASE, SCOPUS, PubMed and Psych-INFO for studies on mood disorders and prenatal tobacco use. Methodological quality of studies was assessed with the revised Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. We estimated pooled relative risk (RR) with inverse variance weighted random-effects meta-analysis. We performed leave-one-out analyses, and stratified analyses by a subgroup (depression and bipolar disorder). Potential publication bias was assessed by inspection of the funnel plot and Egger's test for regression asymmetry. This study protocol was prospectively registered in PROSPERO (CRD42017060037). RESULTS Eight cohort and two case-control studies were included in the final meta-analysis. We found an increased pooled relative risk of mood disorders in offspring exposed to maternal prenatal tobacco use RRs 1.43 (95% CI 1.27-1.60) compared to no prenatal tobacco use. Similarly, the pooled relative risks of bipolar and depressive disorders in offspring were 1.44, (95% CI 1.15-1.80) and 1.44, (95% CI 1.21-1.71), respectively. Moreover, the pooled estimated risk of mood disorders was not significantly attenuated in the studies that reported sibling comparison results [RR = 1.21 (95% CI 1.04-1.41)]. CONCLUSION Taken together, there was strong evidence for a small (RR < 2) association between prenatal tobacco use and mood disorders in offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bereket Duko
- School of Public Health, Curtin University, Kent Street, Bentley, WA, 6102, Australia.
| | - Getinet Ayano
- School of Public Health, Curtin University, Kent Street, Bentley, WA, 6102, Australia
| | - Gavin Pereira
- School of Public Health, Curtin University, Kent Street, Bentley, WA, 6102, Australia.,Telethon Kids Institute, Northern Entrance, Perth Children's Hospital, 15 Hospital Ave, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia.,Centre for Fertility and Health (CeFH), Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kim Betts
- School of Public Health, Curtin University, Kent Street, Bentley, WA, 6102, Australia
| | - Rosa Alati
- School of Public Health, Curtin University, Kent Street, Bentley, WA, 6102, Australia.,Institute for Social Sciences Research, The University of Queensland, 80 Meier's Rd, Indooroopilly, QLD, 4068, Australia
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13
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Tesfa D, Aleminew W, Tadege M, Digssie A, Abebe B, Abebaw S, Kefale B. Level of Happiness and Its Associated Factors Among Pregnant Women in South Gondar Zone Hospitals, North Central Ethiopia. Int J Womens Health 2020; 12:983-991. [PMID: 33177889 PMCID: PMC7652223 DOI: 10.2147/ijwh.s275709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Happiness is the most indicator of good quality of life particularly for pregnant women. Reduced happiness of pregnant women can result in reduced maternal health services utilization and can result in adverse newborn and maternal outcomes. Assessing the level of happiness and its factors are important for pregnant women and the next generation. Hence, the current research paper aimed to assess the level of happiness and its associated factors among pregnant women who attended antenatal care follow-up in South Gondar Zone Hospitals. Methods Institution-based cross-sectional study was carried out from September 2018 to February 2019 among 1606 expectant pregnant women in the last 6 months. The Oxford Happiness Questionnaire (OHQ) was used as a measure of the degree of happiness and used four as average person score. Besides, bivariate, multivariable logistic analyses were deployed to identify associations. Results A total of 1606 pregnant women were participating in this study. The prevalence of low level of pregnancy happiness in this study was 24% (95% CI: 20.7 −26.6). Mothers who exposed to unintended pregnancy (AOR; 1.94, CI 95% 1.86–4.52), reported intimate partner violence (AOR; 2.42, 95% CI 1.67–3.54) and being in the third trimester (AOR; 1.89 95% CI 1.19–3.01) were the most predictor variables with the low level of happiness. Conclusion Approximately one-fourth of the pregnant women had a low level of pregnancy happiness. Mothers who were exposed to unintended pregnancy encountered intimate partner violence, who were in the third trimester were the most significant variables associated with a low level of happiness. Governmental and non-governmental organizations work on women’s reproduction rights and the zonal health department with local health offices should educate on the prevention of intimate partner violence and unintended pregnancy and its consequences and also empower women to cope with changes and challenges of pregnancy and childbirth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Desalegn Tesfa
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | | | - Melaku Tadege
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Alemayehu Digssie
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Bedilu Abebe
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Sofonyas Abebaw
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Belayneh Kefale
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
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14
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Tien J, Lewis GD, Liu J. Prenatal risk factors for internalizing and externalizing problems in childhood. World J Pediatr 2020; 16:341-355. [PMID: 31617077 PMCID: PMC7923386 DOI: 10.1007/s12519-019-00319-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A growing body of research has documented the effects of prenatal risk factors on a wide spectrum of adverse offspring health outcomes. Childhood behavior problems, such as externalizing and internalizing problems, are no exception. This comprehensive literature review aims to summarize and synthesize current research about commonly experienced prenatal risk factors associated with internalizing and externalizing problems, with a focus on their impact during childhood and adolescence. Potential mechanisms as well as implications are also outlined. DATA SOURCES The EBSCO, Web of Science, PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus databases were searched for studies examining the association between prenatal risk factors and offspring internalizing/externalizing problems, using keywords "prenatal" or "perinatal" or "birth complications" in combination with "internalizing" or "externalizing". Relevant articles, including experimental research, systematic reviews, meta-analyses, cross-sectional and longitudinal cohort studies, and theoretical literature, were reviewed and synthesized to form the basis of this integrative review. RESULTS Prenatal risk factors that have been widely investigated with regards to offspring internalizing and externalizing problems encompass health-related risk factors, including maternal overweight/obesity, substance use/abuse, environmental toxicant exposure, maternal infection/inflammation, as well as psychosocial risk factors, including intimate partner violence, and anxiety/depression. Collectively, both epidemiological and experimental studies support the adverse associations between these prenatal factors and increased risk of emotional/behavioral problem development during childhood and beyond. Potential mechanisms of action underlying these associations include hormonal and immune system alterations. Implications include prenatal education, screening, and intervention strategies. CONCLUSIONS Prenatal risk factors are associated with a constellation of offspring internalizing and externalizing problems. Identifying these risk factors and understanding potential mechanisms will help to develop effective, evidence-based prevention, and intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joyce Tien
- Department of Family and Community Health, School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Gary D Lewis
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Jianghong Liu
- Department of Family and Community Health, School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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15
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Church JS, Chace-Donahue F, Blum JL, Ratner JR, Zelikoff JT, Schwartzer JJ. Neuroinflammatory and Behavioral Outcomes Measured in Adult Offspring of Mice Exposed Prenatally to E-Cigarette Aerosols. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2020; 128:47006. [PMID: 32293200 PMCID: PMC7228099 DOI: 10.1289/ehp6067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In an effort to decrease the rates of smoking conventional tobacco cigarettes, electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) have been proposed as an effective smoking cessation tool. However, little is known about their toxicological impacts. This is concerning given that e-cigarette use is perceived as less harmful than conventional tobacco cigarettes during pregnancy for both the mother and fetus. OBJECTIVE The goal of this study was to test the neurodevelopmental consequences of maternal e-cigarette use on adult offspring behavior and neuroimmune outcomes. METHODS Pregnant female CD-1 mice were randomly assigned to one of three treatment groups (n=8-10 per group) and exposed daily to either filtered air, propylene glycol and vegetable glycerol (50:50 PG/VG vehicle), or to PG/VG with 16mg/mL nicotine (+Nic). Whole-body exposures were carried out for 3 h/d, 7 d/week, from gestational day (GD)0.5 until GD17.5. Adult male and female offspring (8 weeks old) were assessed across a battery of behavioral assessments followed by region-specific quantification of brain cytokines using multiplex immunoassays. RESULTS Adult offspring of both sexes exposed to +Nic exhibited elevated locomotor activity in the elevated plus maze and altered stress-coping strategies in the forced swim task. Moreover, male and female offspring exposed to PG/VG with and without nicotine had a 5.2% lower object discrimination score in the novel object recognition task. In addition to differences in offspring behavior, maternal e-cigarette exposure with nicotine led to a reduction in interleukin (IL)-4 and interferon-gamma (IFNγ) in the diencephalon, as well as lower levels of hippocampal IFNγ (females only). E-cigarette exposure without nicotine resulted in a 2-fold increase of IL-6 in the cerebellum. DISCUSSION These findings support previous adverse findings of e-cigarette exposure on neurodevelopment in a mouse model and provide substantial evidence of persistent adverse behavioral and neuroimmunological consequences to adult offspring following maternal e-cigarette exposure during pregnancy. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP6067.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie S. Church
- Program in Neuroscience and Behavior, Department of Psychology and Education, Mount Holyoke College, South Hadley, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Fiona Chace-Donahue
- Program in Neuroscience and Behavior, Department of Psychology and Education, Mount Holyoke College, South Hadley, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jason L. Blum
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jill R. Ratner
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Judith T. Zelikoff
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jared J. Schwartzer
- Program in Neuroscience and Behavior, Department of Psychology and Education, Mount Holyoke College, South Hadley, Massachusetts, USA
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16
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Zhang C, Fan SJ, Sun AB, Liu ZZ, Liu L. Prenatal nicotine exposure induces depression‑like behavior in adolescent female rats via modulating neurosteroid in the hippocampus. Mol Med Rep 2019; 19:4185-4194. [PMID: 30942466 PMCID: PMC6471439 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Prenatal nicotine exposure (PNE) is closely related to depression in offspring. However, the underlying mechanism is still unclear. We hypothesized that neurosteroid in the hippocampus may mediate PNE-induced depression-like behaviors. Nicotine was subcutaneously administered (1.0 mg/kg) to pregnant rats twice daily from gestational day (GD) 9 to 20. In adolescent offspring, PNE significantly increased immobility time and decreased the sucrose preference in female rats. The numbers of hippocampal neurons declined in the CA3 and DG regions. Steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR) expression was suppressed in female rats. In fetal offspring, the neuronal numbers of CA3 regions in PNE female fetal hippocampal were significantly decreased, accompanied by the enhanced content of corticosterone and StAR expression. These data indicated that PNE induced depression-like behavior in adolescent female rats via the regulation of neurosteroid levels in the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangyang No. 1 People's Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang, Hubei 441000, P.R. China
| | - Si-Jing Fan
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434023, P.R. China
| | - An-Bang Sun
- Laboratory of Neuronal and Brain Disease Modulation, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434023, P.R. China
| | - Zhen-Zhen Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434023, P.R. China
| | - Lian Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434023, P.R. China
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17
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Maternal smoking and low family income during pregnancy as predictors of the relationship between depression and adiposity in young adults. J Dev Orig Health Dis 2018; 9:552-560. [PMID: 30111386 DOI: 10.1017/s2040174418000533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
There is an increasing incidence of overweight/obesity and mental health disorders in young adults and the two conditions often coexist. We aimed to investigate the influence of antenatal and postnatal factors that may underlie this association with a focus on maternal prenatal smoking, socio-economic status and gender. Data from the Western Australian Pregnancy Cohort (Raine) Study (women enrolled 1989-1991) including 1056 offspring aged 20 years (cohort recalled 2010-2012) were analyzed (2015-2016) using multivariable models for associations between offspring depression scores (DASS-21 Depression-scale) and body mass index (BMI), adjusting for pregnancy and early life factors and offspring behaviours. There was a significant positive relationship between offspring depression-score and BMI independent of gender and other psychosocial covariates. There was a significant interaction between maternal prenatal smoking and depression-score (interaction coefficient=0.096; 95% CI: 0.006, 0.19, P=0.037), indicating the relationship between depression-score and BMI differed according to maternal prenatal smoking status. In offspring of maternal prenatal smokers, a positive association between BMI and depression-score (coefficient=0.133; 95% CI: 0.05, 0.21, P=0.001) equated to 1.1 kg/m2 increase in BMI for every 1standard deviation (8 units) increase in depression-score. Substituting low family income during pregnancy for maternal prenatal smoking in the interaction (interaction coefficient=0.091; 95% CI: 0.01, 0.17, P=0.027) showed a positive association between BMI and depression score only among offspring of mothers with a low family income during pregnancy (coefficient=0.118; 95% CI: 0.06, 0.18, P<0.001). There were no significant effects of gender on these associations. Whilst further studies are needed to determine whether these associations are supported in other populations, they suggest potentially important maternal behavioural and socio-economic factors that identify individuals vulnerable to the coexistence of obesity and depression in early adulthood.
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18
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Huang J, Xu B, Guo D, Jiang T, Huang W, Liu G, Ye X. Dose⁻Response Relationships between Second-Hand Smoke Exposure and Depressive Symptoms among Adolescents in Guangzhou, China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:ijerph15050985. [PMID: 29757982 PMCID: PMC5982024 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15050985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
There has been little focus on the possible association between second-hand smoke (SHS) exposure and depressive symptoms among adolescents. Thus, this study aimed to explore the dose–response relationships between SHS exposure and depressive symptoms among adolescents and differentiate these associations in setting-specific exposure and severity-specific outcomes. A cross-sectional study was conducted using a stratified cluster sampling method to obtain a representative sample of high school students in Guangzhou, China. Depressive symptoms were measured using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression models were used to explore the potential associations between SHS exposure and depressive symptoms. Among 3575 nonsmoking students, 29.6% were classified as having probable depressive symptoms and 9.6% had severe depressive symptoms. There were monotonically increasing dose–response relationships between setting-specific (public places, homes, or indoor/outdoor campuses) SHS exposure and severity-specific (probable or severe) depressive symptoms. When examining these relations by source of exposure, we also observed similar dose–response relationships for SHS exposure in campuses from smoking teachers and from smoking classmates. Our findings suggest that regular SHS exposure is associated with a significant, dose-dependent increase in risk of depressive symptoms among adolescents, and highlight the need for smoke-free environments to protect the health of adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingya Huang
- School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, 283# Jianghai Dadao, Haizhu District, Guangzhou 510310, China.
| | - Bin Xu
- Health Education Section, Guangzhou Yuexiu Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 23# Jiaochang West Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou 510055, China.
| | - Dan Guo
- School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, 283# Jianghai Dadao, Haizhu District, Guangzhou 510310, China.
| | - Ting Jiang
- Health Education Section, Guangzhou Yuexiu Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 23# Jiaochang West Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou 510055, China.
| | - Wei Huang
- Health Education Section, Guangzhou Yuexiu Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 23# Jiaochang West Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou 510055, China.
| | - Guocong Liu
- Health Education Section, Guangzhou Yuexiu Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 23# Jiaochang West Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou 510055, China.
| | - Xiaohua Ye
- School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, 283# Jianghai Dadao, Haizhu District, Guangzhou 510310, China.
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19
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Maxwell SD, Fineberg AM, Drabick DA, Murphy SK, Ellman LM. Maternal Prenatal Stress and Other Developmental Risk Factors for Adolescent Depression: Spotlight on Sex Differences. JOURNAL OF ABNORMAL CHILD PSYCHOLOGY 2018; 46:381-397. [PMID: 28393324 PMCID: PMC5828524 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-017-0299-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Maternal stress during pregnancy has been linked to premorbid abnormalities associated with depression (e.g., difficult temperament, cognitive deficits) in offspring. However, few studies have looked across developmental periods to examine maternal stress during pregnancy and offspring depression during adolescence and whether these associations differ by sex. The current study used data from 1711 mother-offspring dyads (offspring sex: 49.8% male) in a longitudinal birth cohort study. Maternal narratives collected during pregnancy were qualitatively coded for stress-related themes by independent raters. Latent class analysis (LCA) identified distinct subgroups of offspring based on exposure to maternal prenatal stress and other developmental factors from the prenatal, childhood, and adolescent periods that have been associated with depression and/or maternal prenatal stress. LCA identified subgroups that were compared to determine whether and to what extent they differed on adolescent depressive symptoms. LCA revealed a subgroup of "high-risk" individuals, characterized by maternal factors during pregnancy (higher ambivalence/negativity and lower positivity towards the pregnancy, higher levels of hassles, lower maternal education and higher maternal age at birth, higher pre-pregnancy BMI) and offspring developmental factors (decreased cognitive functioning during childhood and adolescence, lower perceived parental support during adolescence, and higher levels of maternal depression during adolescence). High-risk females exhibited elevated conduct symptoms and higher birth order, while high-risk males exhibited decreased internalizing symptoms and lower birth order. Both high-risk males and females reported elevated depressive symptoms during adolescence relative to their "low-risk" counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seth D Maxwell
- Department of Psychology, Temple University, 1701 N. 13th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19122, USA
| | - Anna M Fineberg
- Department of Psychology, Temple University, 1701 N. 13th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19122, USA
| | - Deborah A Drabick
- Department of Psychology, Temple University, 1701 N. 13th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19122, USA
| | - Shannon K Murphy
- Department of Psychology, Temple University, 1701 N. 13th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19122, USA
| | - Lauren M Ellman
- Department of Psychology, Temple University, 1701 N. 13th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19122, USA.
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20
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Maternal Smoking in Pregnancy and Offspring Depression: a cross cohort and negative control study. Sci Rep 2017; 7:12579. [PMID: 28974730 PMCID: PMC5626710 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-11836-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous reports suggest that offspring of mothers who smoke during pregnancy have greater risk of developing depression. However, it is unclear whether this is due to intrauterine effects. Using data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) from the UK (N = 2,869), the Nord-Trøndelag health study (HUNT) from Norway (N = 15,493), the Pelotas 1982 Birth Cohort Study from Brazil (N = 2,626), and the Swedish Sibling Health Cohort (N = 258 sibling pairs), we compared associations of maternal smoking during pregnancy and mother’s partner’s smoking during pregnancy with offspring depression and performed a discordant sibling analysis. In meta-analysis, maternal smoking during pregnancy was associated with higher odds of offspring depression (OR 1.20, 95% CI:1.08,1.34), but mother’s partner’s smoking during pregnancy was not (OR 1.05, 95% CI:0.94,1.17). However, there was only weak statistical evidence that the odds ratios for maternal and mother’s partner’s smoking differed from each other (p = 0.08). There was no clear evidence for an association between maternal smoking during pregnancy and offspring depression in the sibling analysis. Findings do not provide strong support for a causal role of maternal smoking during pregnancy in offspring depression, rather observed associations may reflect residual confounding relating to characteristics of parents who smoke.
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21
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Kawasaki Y, Miyake Y, Tanaka K, Furukawa S, Arakawa M. Smoking and secondhand smoke exposure and prevalence of depressive symptoms during pregnancy in Japan: baseline data from the Kyushu Okinawa Maternal and Child Health Study. Tob Induc Dis 2017; 15:34. [PMID: 28747858 PMCID: PMC5525258 DOI: 10.1186/s12971-017-0139-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yuri Kawasaki
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Miyake
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime, Japan.,Epidemiology and Medical Statistics Unit, Translational Research Center, Ehime University Hospital, Ehime, Japan
| | - Keiko Tanaka
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime, Japan.,Epidemiology and Medical Statistics Unit, Translational Research Center, Ehime University Hospital, Ehime, Japan
| | - Shinya Furukawa
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime, Japan.,Epidemiology and Medical Statistics Unit, Translational Research Center, Ehime University Hospital, Ehime, Japan
| | - Masashi Arakawa
- Health Tourism Research Fields, Graduate School of Tourism Sciences, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
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22
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Sun J, Ma H, Yu C, Lv J, Guo Y, Bian Z, Yang L, Chen Y, Shen H, Chen Z, Hu Z, Li L. Association of Major Depressive Episodes With Stroke Risk in a Prospective Study of 0.5 Million Chinese Adults. Stroke 2016; 47:2203-8. [PMID: 27470992 PMCID: PMC4998954 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.116.013512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Although the relationship between depression and stroke risk has been investigated, findings in previous reports were conflicting. The aim of this study was to prospectively examine the effect of major depressive episodes (MDE) on stroke incidence and further assess the potential dose-response relationship between number of depression symptoms and subsequent stroke risk in Chinese population. METHODS A total of 199 294 men and 288 083 women aged 30 to 79 years without a history of stroke, heart disease, and cancer in the China Kadoorie Biobank cohort were followed from 2004 to 2013. A World Health Organization Composite International Diagnostic Interview-Short Form was used to access MDE according to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-IV criteria. Stroke events were ascertained through death certificates, medical records, and health insurance data. RESULTS Past year MDE was marginally associated with a 15% increased risk of stroke (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.15; 95% confidence interval, 0.99-1.33) in the fully adjusted model, and the association was steeper and statistically significant in individuals aged <50 years, smokers, drinkers, those with higher education degree, body mass index <24.0 kg/m(2), and no history of diabetes mellitus. Moreover, there was a positive dose-response relationship between the number of depression symptoms and increased stroke risk (Ptrend=0.011). In addition, smoking status significantly interacted with MDE on stroke onset (P for multiplicative interaction=0.025). CONCLUSIONS Findings from this large prospective study suggest that the presence of MDE is a risk factor for stroke, especially in smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Sun
- From the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, China (J.S., H.M., H.S., Z.H.); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China (C.Y., J.L., L.L.); Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China (Y.G., Z.B., L.L.); and Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, United Kingdom (L.Y., Y.C., Z.C.)
| | - Hongxia Ma
- From the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, China (J.S., H.M., H.S., Z.H.); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China (C.Y., J.L., L.L.); Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China (Y.G., Z.B., L.L.); and Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, United Kingdom (L.Y., Y.C., Z.C.)
| | - Canqing Yu
- From the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, China (J.S., H.M., H.S., Z.H.); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China (C.Y., J.L., L.L.); Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China (Y.G., Z.B., L.L.); and Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, United Kingdom (L.Y., Y.C., Z.C.)
| | - Jun Lv
- From the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, China (J.S., H.M., H.S., Z.H.); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China (C.Y., J.L., L.L.); Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China (Y.G., Z.B., L.L.); and Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, United Kingdom (L.Y., Y.C., Z.C.)
| | - Yu Guo
- From the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, China (J.S., H.M., H.S., Z.H.); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China (C.Y., J.L., L.L.); Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China (Y.G., Z.B., L.L.); and Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, United Kingdom (L.Y., Y.C., Z.C.)
| | - Zheng Bian
- From the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, China (J.S., H.M., H.S., Z.H.); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China (C.Y., J.L., L.L.); Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China (Y.G., Z.B., L.L.); and Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, United Kingdom (L.Y., Y.C., Z.C.)
| | - Ling Yang
- From the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, China (J.S., H.M., H.S., Z.H.); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China (C.Y., J.L., L.L.); Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China (Y.G., Z.B., L.L.); and Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, United Kingdom (L.Y., Y.C., Z.C.)
| | - Yiping Chen
- From the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, China (J.S., H.M., H.S., Z.H.); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China (C.Y., J.L., L.L.); Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China (Y.G., Z.B., L.L.); and Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, United Kingdom (L.Y., Y.C., Z.C.)
| | - Hongbing Shen
- From the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, China (J.S., H.M., H.S., Z.H.); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China (C.Y., J.L., L.L.); Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China (Y.G., Z.B., L.L.); and Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, United Kingdom (L.Y., Y.C., Z.C.)
| | - Zhengming Chen
- From the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, China (J.S., H.M., H.S., Z.H.); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China (C.Y., J.L., L.L.); Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China (Y.G., Z.B., L.L.); and Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, United Kingdom (L.Y., Y.C., Z.C.)
| | - Zhibin Hu
- From the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, China (J.S., H.M., H.S., Z.H.); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China (C.Y., J.L., L.L.); Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China (Y.G., Z.B., L.L.); and Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, United Kingdom (L.Y., Y.C., Z.C.).
| | - Liming Li
- From the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, China (J.S., H.M., H.S., Z.H.); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China (C.Y., J.L., L.L.); Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China (Y.G., Z.B., L.L.); and Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, United Kingdom (L.Y., Y.C., Z.C.).
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Joelsson P, Chudal R, Talati A, Suominen A, Brown AS, Sourander A. Prenatal smoking exposure and neuropsychiatric comorbidity of ADHD: a finnish nationwide population-based cohort study. BMC Psychiatry 2016; 16:306. [PMID: 27581195 PMCID: PMC5006583 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-016-1007-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prenatal smoking exposure has been associated with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). ADHD is commonly associated with a wide spectrum of psychiatric comorbidity. The association between smoking and neuropsychiatric comorbidity of ADHD has remained understudied. The aim of this study is to examine the association between prenatal exposure to maternal smoking and offspring ADHD, and test whether the smoking-ADHD associations are stronger when ADHD is accompanied by other lifetime neuropsychiatric comorbidities. METHODS The study is based on a nested case-control design and includes all Finnish singletons born between 1991 and 2005 and diagnosed with ADHD by 2011 (n = 10,132), matched with four controls (n = 38,811) on date of birth, sex and residence in Finland. RESULTS The risk for ADHD with or without comorbidity was significantly increased among offspring exposed to maternal smoking on adjusting for potential confounders (OR = 1.75, CI 95 % = 1.65-1.86). Compared to the only ADHD cases, subjects with comorbid conduct disorder or oppositional defiant disorder had a significantly stronger association with smoking exposure (OR = 1.80, CI 95 % = 1.55-2.11). CONCLUSIONS Prenatal smoking represents an important risk factor for the ADHD comorbid with CD/ODD. Further research on the association between prenatal smoking exposure and neuropsychiatric comorbidity of ADHD is needed considering the increased risk among these subjects of an overall poor health outcome as compared to only ADHD. In particular, studies utilizing biomarkers or including subjects with neuropsychiatric conditions with and without comorbid ADHD are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petteri Joelsson
- Department of Child Psychiatry, University of Turku, Lemminkäisenkatu 3, Lastenpsykiatrian tutkimuskeskus, 20014, Turku, Finland.
| | - Roshan Chudal
- Department of Child Psychiatry, University of Turku, Lemminkäisenkatu 3, Lastenpsykiatrian tutkimuskeskus, 20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Ardesheer Talati
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY USA ,Division of Epidemiology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY USA
| | - Auli Suominen
- Department of Child Psychiatry, University of Turku, Lemminkäisenkatu 3, Lastenpsykiatrian tutkimuskeskus, 20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Alan S. Brown
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY USA ,Division of Epidemiology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY USA ,Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY USA
| | - Andre Sourander
- Department of Child Psychiatry, University of Turku, Lemminkäisenkatu 3, Lastenpsykiatrian tutkimuskeskus, 20014 Turku, Finland ,Department of Child Psychiatry, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
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24
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Pishgar F, Soleyman-Jahi S, Pishgar F, Eftekhar Ardebili H, Jamal A, Arab A. Level of happiness and its determining factors in pregnant women: a cross-sectional study. J Reprod Infant Psychol 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/02646838.2016.1222071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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25
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Dolan CV, Geels L, Vink JM, van Beijsterveldt CEM, Neale MC, Bartels M, Boomsma DI. Testing Causal Effects of Maternal Smoking During Pregnancy on Offspring's Externalizing and Internalizing Behavior. Behav Genet 2016; 46:378-88. [PMID: 26324285 PMCID: PMC4826626 DOI: 10.1007/s10519-015-9738-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Maternal smoking during pregnancy (SDP) is associated with increased risk of externalizing and internalizing behaviors in offspring. Two explanations (not mutually exclusive) for this association are direct causal effects of maternal SDP and the effects of genetic and environmental factors common to parents and offspring which increase smoking as well as problem behaviors. Here, we examined the associations between parental SDP and mother rated offspring externalizing and internalizing behaviors (rated by the Child Behavior Checklist/2-3) at age three in a population-based sample of Dutch twins (N = 15,228 pairs). First, as a greater effect of maternal than of paternal SDP is consistent with a causal effect of maternal SDP, we compared the effects of maternal and paternal SDP. Second, as a beneficial effect of quitting smoking before pregnancy is consistent with the causal effect, we compared the effects of SDP in mothers who quit smoking before pregnancy, and mothers who continued to smoke during pregnancy. All mothers were established smokers before their pregnancy. The results indicated a greater effect of maternal SDP, compared to paternal SDP, for externalizing, aggression, overactive and withdrawn behavior. Quitting smoking was associated with less externalizing, overactive behavior, aggression, and oppositional behavior, but had no effect on internalizing, anxious depression, or withdrawn behavior. We conclude that these results are consistent with a causal, but small, effect of smoking on externalizing problems at age 3. The results do not support a causal effect of maternal SDP on internalizing behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- C V Dolan
- Department of Biological Psychology, Netherlands Twin Register, VU University Amsterdam, Van der Boechorststraat 1, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - L Geels
- Department of Biological Psychology, Netherlands Twin Register, VU University Amsterdam, Van der Boechorststraat 1, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J M Vink
- Department of Biological Psychology, Netherlands Twin Register, VU University Amsterdam, Van der Boechorststraat 1, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - C E M van Beijsterveldt
- Department of Biological Psychology, Netherlands Twin Register, VU University Amsterdam, Van der Boechorststraat 1, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M C Neale
- Department of Biological Psychology, Netherlands Twin Register, VU University Amsterdam, Van der Boechorststraat 1, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - M Bartels
- Department of Biological Psychology, Netherlands Twin Register, VU University Amsterdam, Van der Boechorststraat 1, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- EMGO+ Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dorret I Boomsma
- Department of Biological Psychology, Netherlands Twin Register, VU University Amsterdam, Van der Boechorststraat 1, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- EMGO+ Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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26
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Leung CY, Leung GM, Schooling CM. Early second-hand smoke exposure and child and adolescent mental health: evidence from Hong Kong's 'Children of 1997' birth cohort. Addiction 2015; 110:1811-24. [PMID: 26119482 DOI: 10.1111/add.13033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2015] [Revised: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Second-hand smoke (SHS) exposure is associated negatively with childhood behavioural problems in western settings. In a developed non-western setting, we estimated the associations of early SHS exposure during the prenatal and postnatal periods with several aspects of adolescent mental health. DESIGN Multivariable linear regression was used to estimate the adjusted associations of pre- and postnatal SHS exposure with adolescent mental health. SETTING Hong Kong. PARTICIPANTS Population-representative "Children of 1997" birth cohort. Behavioural problems at ~11 years were available for 5598, self-esteem at ~11 years for 6937 and depressive symptoms at ~13 years for 5797. MEASUREMENTS SHS was categorized as no SHS exposure, occasional prenatal SHS exposure from non-parental sources, daily prenatal SHS exposure from non-parental sources, postnatal SHS exposure from non-parental sources, prenatal and postnatal SHS exposure from non-parental sources, occasional paternal smoking, daily paternal smoking and any maternal smoking. Behavioural problems were assessed from parent-reported Rutter score, self-esteem from self-reported Culture-Free Self-Esteem Inventory score and depressive symptoms from self-reported Patient Health Questionnaire-9 score. FINDINGS Prenatal SHS exposure from non-parental sources was associated with behavioural problems at ~11 years (1.24, 95% confidence interval 0.20-2.28) adjusted for sex, age of assessment, survey mode (for depressive symptoms only), socio-economic position (SEP), mother's birthplace, gestational age and parity; paternal smoking and maternal smoking were associated with more mental health problems but also with lower SEP. CONCLUSIONS In Hong Kong, prenatal second-hand tobacco smoke exposure appears to be a risk factor for behavioural problems at age 11 years independent of socio-economic position.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cherry Y Leung
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Gabriel M Leung
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - C Mary Schooling
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.,CUNY School of Public Health and Hunter College, New York, USA
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27
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Ye X, Li L, Gao Y, Zhou S, Yang Y, Chen S. Dose-response relations between second-hand smoke exposure and depressive symptoms among middle-aged women. Psychiatry Res 2015; 229:533-8. [PMID: 26231582 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2015.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2014] [Revised: 04/04/2015] [Accepted: 06/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A growing body of evidence indicates a strong association between smoking and depression. However, little is known about the possible effects of second-hand smoke (SHS) exposure on depression. This study aimed to examine the potential dose-response relation between SHS exposure and depressive symptoms among non-smoking middle-aged women. A cross-sectional survey was conducted using a stratified three-stage sampling method. Depressive symptoms were measured by the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale with a cut-off point of 16. Self-reported SHS exposure was defined as non-smokers׳ inhalation of the smoke exhaled from smokers on at least one day a week. The multivariable logistic regression analysis was completed with adjustment for potential confounders. Among 1280 middle-aged women, 19.4% were classified as having depressive symptoms. There was a 104% increased odds of depressive symptoms corresponding to SHS exposure in general (OR=2.04, 95% CI 1.48-2.79) using no exposure as reference. There were significant positive relations between SHS exposure in general and depressive symptoms in a dose-response manner. These significant trends were observed consistently whether SHS exposure occurred in homes or workplaces. Our findings suggest that long-term and regular SHS exposure is associated with a significant, dose-dependent increase in risk of depressive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohua Ye
- School of Public Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - LiXia Li
- School of Public Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanhui Gao
- School of Public Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shudong Zhou
- School of Public Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yi Yang
- School of Public Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Sidong Chen
- School of Public Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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28
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Munhoz TN, Santos IS, Matijasevich A. Depression among Brazilian adolescents: a cross-sectional population-based study. J Affect Disord 2015; 175:281-6. [PMID: 25661392 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2015.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2015] [Accepted: 01/15/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression is the most common mental disorder during adolescence. Mental disorders often begin between infancy and adolescence, persisting throughout the rest of life and even affecting the well-being of subsequent generations. METHODS This was a cross-sectional population-based study, with two-stage, probability-proportional-to-size cluster sampling, conducted in the city of Pelotas, in southern Brazil. All individuals aged 10-19 years and living in the selected dwellings were invited to participate in the study. To identify depression, we applied the Patient Health Questionnaire-9. We defined minor depression as the presence of two or more depressive symptoms, at least one of which is depressed mood or anhedonia. The symptoms were considered valid only if reported to persist for a week or more or to occur nearly every day, the exception being suicidal thoughts, which was considered valid regardless of frequency. RESULTS We interviewed 743 adolescents, among whom the prevalence of minor depression was 17.0% (95% confidence interval, 14.0-20.0), being higher among girls than among boys, as well as among individuals aged 14-15 years, those self-identifying as an ethnic minority, those who were smokers and those who lived with a depressed individual. LIMITATIONS The reverse causality bias that is a problem inherent to cross-sectional studies, which precluded the establishment of temporal relationships between exposures and the outcome of interest. CONCLUSIONS Our results illustrate the relevance of depression in adolescents, underscoring the need for mental health policies targeting this population, with the objective of minimising the short- and long-term effects of early-onset depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago N Munhoz
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil.
| | - Iná S Santos
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil.
| | - Alicia Matijasevich
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil; Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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29
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Tuchtenhagen S, Bresolin CR, Tomazoni F, da Rosa GN, Del Fabro JP, Mendes FM, Antunes JLF, Ardenghi TM. The influence of normative and subjective oral health status on schoolchildren's happiness. BMC Oral Health 2015; 15:15. [PMID: 25616978 PMCID: PMC4320443 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6831-15-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2014] [Accepted: 01/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Traditional methods to measure oral health based on clinical standards are limited because they do not consider psychosocial and functional aspects of oral health. It has been recommended that these measures need to be supplemented by data obtained from patients regarding their individual perceptions on oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL). Happiness is a multidimensional construct comprising both emotional and cognitive domains, and has been defined as “the degree to which an individual judges the overall quality of his or her life as a whole favorably”. It has been associated with several health outcomes, including oral health. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of oral health conditions, oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL), and socioeconomic factors on the subjective happiness of Brazilian adolescents. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2012 on a representative sample of 12-year-old schoolchildren in Santa Maria-RS, Brazil. The data were collected through dental examinations and structured interviews. The participants underwent an evaluation aimed at detecting dental caries, traumatic dental injuries, malocclusion, and gingival bleeding. They also completed the Brazilian versions of the Child Perceptions Questionnaire-short form (CPQ11–14 – ISF: 16) and the Subjective Happiness Scale (SHS), which was our outcome variable. Socioeconomic conditions were evaluated through a questionnaire that was completed by the participants’ parents. Poisson regression analysis was used to determine the association between the explanatory variables and the outcome. Moreover, a correlation analysis was performed to determine the relationship between the SHS scores and the overall and domain scores of the CPQ11–14 –ISF: 16. Results A total of 1,134 children were evaluated. Unadjusted analyses showed that happiness was associated with socioeconomic indicators, the use of dental services, clinical status, and scores on the OHRQoL measure. After adjustment, household overcrowding (RR: 0.96; 95% CI: 0.93-0.98), dental caries (RR: 0.98; 95% CI: 0.97-0.99), malocclusion (RR: 0.98; 95% CI: 0.96-0.99), and the severity associated with the CPQ11-14 (RR: 0.95; 95% CI: 0.93-0.97) still showed a significant association with lower levels of the mean SHS score. Conclusions Happiness is influenced by oral conditions, socioeconomic status, and OHRQoL.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Thiago Machado Ardenghi
- Department of Stomatology, Federal University of Santa Maria, UFSM, Rua Cel,Niederauer 917/208, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
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30
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Ye X, Yao Z, Xu Y, Zhou S, Gao Y, Chen S, Yang Y. Frequency-risk and duration-risk relations between second-hand smoke exposure and menopausal symptoms among middle-aged women in Guangzhou, China. Climacteric 2014; 18:323-8. [DOI: 10.3109/13697137.2014.964672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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31
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Prenatal risk factors for depression: a critical review of the evidence and potential mechanisms. J Dev Orig Health Dis 2014; 5:339-50. [DOI: 10.1017/s2040174414000324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to adverse experiences in early life increases the risk of depression during adulthood. Recent findings have highlighted that exposure of a fetus to an adverse intrauterine environment may also have implications for later offspring depression. This review considers the status of the evidence for these associations and the potential mechanisms underlying prenatal developmental risks for later depression, addressing the challenging possibility that environmental predisposition to depression may begin before birth.
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32
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Gonçalves H, Assunção MC, Wehrmeister FC, Oliveira IO, Barros FC, Victora CG, Hallal PC, Menezes AM. Cohort profile update: The 1993 Pelotas (Brazil) birth cohort follow-up visits in adolescence. Int J Epidemiol 2014; 43:1082-8. [PMID: 24729426 PMCID: PMC4121560 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyu077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper we update the profile of the 1993 Pelotas (Brazil) Birth Cohort Study, with emphasis on a shift of priority from maternal and child health research topics to four main categories of outcome variables, collected throughout adolescence: (i) mental health; (ii) body composition; (iii) risk factors for non-communicable diseases (NCDs); (iv) human capital. We were able to trace 81.3% (n = 4106) of the original cohort at 18 years of age. For the first time, the 18-years visit took place entirely on the university premises, in a clinic equipped with state-of-the-art equipment for the assessment of body composition. We welcome requests for data analyses from outside scientists. For more information, refer to our website (http://www.epidemio-ufpel.org.projetos_de_pesquisas/estudos/coorte_1993) or e-mail the corresponding author.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Gonçalves
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil and Postgraduate Program in Health and Behaviour, Catholic University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Maria Cf Assunção
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil and Postgraduate Program in Health and Behaviour, Catholic University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Fernando C Wehrmeister
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil and Postgraduate Program in Health and Behaviour, Catholic University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Isabel O Oliveira
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil and Postgraduate Program in Health and Behaviour, Catholic University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Fernando C Barros
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil and Postgraduate Program in Health and Behaviour, Catholic University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Cesar G Victora
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil and Postgraduate Program in Health and Behaviour, Catholic University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Pedro C Hallal
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil and Postgraduate Program in Health and Behaviour, Catholic University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Ana Mb Menezes
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil and Postgraduate Program in Health and Behaviour, Catholic University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
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33
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Tiesler CMT, Heinrich J. Prenatal nicotine exposure and child behavioural problems. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2014; 23:913-29. [PMID: 25241028 PMCID: PMC4186967 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-014-0615-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2014] [Accepted: 08/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
In utero exposure to tobacco smoke has been related to numerous adverse health effects in new-borns, infants, children, adolescents and adults. The aim of this review was to summarise findings on prenatal nicotine exposure and its relationship with behavioural problems in the offspring. The majority of studies, and especially several recent epidemiological studies, observed a higher likelihood for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) or ADHD symptoms in exposed subjects. However, both human and animal studies have failed to provide clear evidence on causality. Existing literature on studies investigating the association between prenatal nicotine exposure and conduct or externalising problems in the offspring suggests a causal effect. The establishment of a final conclusion concerning the relationship between prenatal nicotine exposure and internalising problems in the offspring is complicated by insufficient data and mixed results in epidemiological studies. Prenatal nicotine exposure has been associated with altered brain structure and function in human offspring, and a proposed biological mechanism is related to nicotine's adverse influence on neurotransmitter systems during brain development. In conclusion, establishing a statement on the causality of the relationship between prenatal nicotine exposure and behavioural problems in children remains a challenging task. Nevertheless, considering the results of an increasing number of studies which link prenatal exposure to nicotine to externalising problems applying different methodologies to account for confounding and in view of other adverse health effects known to be caused by this exposure, parents should consider smoking cessation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla M. T. Tiesler
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Centre for Environmental Health, Institute of Epidemiology I, Ingolstaedter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany ,Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometrics and Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Joachim Heinrich
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Centre for Environmental Health, Institute of Epidemiology I, Ingolstaedter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
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