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Mueller HM, Franzisky BL, Messerer M, Du B, Lux T, White PJ, Carpentier SC, Winkler JB, Schnitzler JP, El-Serehy HA, Al-Rasheid KAS, Al-Harbi N, Alfarraj S, Kudla J, Kangasjärvi J, Reichelt M, Mithöfer A, Mayer KFX, Rennenberg H, Ache P, Hedrich R, Geilfus CM. Integrative multi-omics analyses of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera) roots and leaves reveal how the halophyte land plant copes with sea water. THE PLANT GENOME 2024; 17:e20372. [PMID: 37518859 DOI: 10.1002/tpg2.20372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) is able to grow and complete its life cycle while being rooted in highly saline soils. Which of the many well-known salt-tolerance strategies are combined to fine-tune this remarkable resilience is unknown. The precise location, whether in the shoot or the root, where these strategies are employed remains uncertain, leaving us unaware of how the various known salt-tolerance mechanisms are integrated to fine-tune this remarkable resilience. To address this shortcoming, we exposed date palm to a salt stress dose equivalent to seawater for up to 4 weeks and applied integrative multi-omics analyses followed by targeted metabolomics, hormone, and ion analyses. Integration of proteomic into transcriptomic data allowed a view beyond simple correlation, revealing a remarkably high degree of convergence between gene expression and protein abundance. This sheds a clear light on the acclimatization mechanisms employed, which depend on reprogramming of protein biosynthesis. For growth in highly saline habitats, date palm effectively combines various salt-tolerance mechanisms found in both halophytes and glycophytes: "avoidance" by efficient sodium and chloride exclusion at the roots, and "acclimation" by osmotic adjustment, reactive oxygen species scavenging in leaves, and remodeling of the ribosome-associated proteome in salt-exposed root cells. Combined efficiently as in P. dactylifera L., these sets of mechanisms seem to explain the palm's excellent salt stress tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heike M Mueller
- Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Biocenter, University Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Bastian L Franzisky
- Department of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, Hochschule Geisenheim University, Geisenheim, Germany
| | - Maxim Messerer
- Plant Genome and Systems Biology, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Baoguo Du
- College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Mianyang Normal University, Mianyang, China
- Chair of Tree Physiology, Institute of Forest Sciences, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Lux
- Plant Genome and Systems Biology, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
| | | | - Sebastien Christian Carpentier
- Facility for SYstems BIOlogy based MAss Spectrometry, SYBIOMA, Proteomics Core Facility, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Division of Crop Biotechnics, Laboratory of Tropical Crop Improvement, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jana Barbro Winkler
- Research Unit Environmental Simulation (EUS), Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Joerg-Peter Schnitzler
- Research Unit Environmental Simulation (EUS), Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Hamed A El-Serehy
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Naif Al-Harbi
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh Alfarraj
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jörg Kudla
- Institut für Biologie und Biotechnologie der Pflanzen, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Jaakko Kangasjärvi
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Michael Reichelt
- Department of Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Axel Mithöfer
- Research Group Plant Defense Physiology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Klaus F X Mayer
- Plant Genome and Systems Biology, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Heinz Rennenberg
- Chair of Tree Physiology, Institute of Forest Sciences, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Peter Ache
- Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Biocenter, University Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Rainer Hedrich
- Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Biocenter, University Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Christoph-Martin Geilfus
- Department of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, Hochschule Geisenheim University, Geisenheim, Germany
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Liu J, Li D, Wang J, Wang Q, Guo X, Fu Q, Kear P, Zhu G, Yang X. Genome-wide characterization of the CPA gene family in potato and a preliminary functional analysis of its role in NaCl tolerance. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:144. [PMID: 38317113 PMCID: PMC10840148 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-024-10000-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The cation/proton antiporter (CPA) superfamily plays a crucial role in regulating ion homeostasis and pH in plant cells, contributing to stress resistance. However, in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.), systematic identification and analysis of CPA genes are lacking. RESULTS A total of 33 StCPA members were identified and classified into StNHX (n = 7), StKEA (n = 6), and StCHX (n = 20) subfamilies. StCHX owned the highest number of conserved motifs, followed by StKEA and StNHX. The StNHX and StKEA subfamilies owned more exons than StCHX. NaCl stress induced the differentially expression of 19 genes in roots or leaves, among which StCHX14 and StCHX16 were specifically induced in leaves, while StCHX2 and StCHX19 were specifically expressed in the roots. A total of 11 strongly responded genes were further verified by qPCR. Six CPA family members, StNHX1, StNHX2, StNHX3, StNHX5, StNHX6 and StCHX19, were proved to transport Na+ through yeast complementation experiments. CONCLUSIONS This study provides comprehensive insights into StCPAs and their response to NaCl stress, facilitating further functional characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jintao Liu
- Key Lab for Potato Biology in Universities of Yunnan, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650500, China
- Southwest United Graduate School, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Dianjue Li
- Key Lab for Potato Biology in Universities of Yunnan, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Key Lab for Potato Biology in Universities of Yunnan, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Key Lab for Potato Biology in Universities of Yunnan, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Xiao Guo
- Institute of Vegetables, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Molecular Biology Key Laboratory of Shandong Facility Vegetable/National Vegetable Improvement Center Shandong Sub-Center, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Qi Fu
- Key Lab for Potato Biology in Universities of Yunnan, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Philip Kear
- International Potato Center (CIP), CIP China Center for Asia Pacific, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Guangtao Zhu
- Key Lab for Potato Biology in Universities of Yunnan, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650500, China.
- Southwest United Graduate School, Kunming, 650500, China.
| | - Xiaohui Yang
- Institute of Vegetables, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Molecular Biology Key Laboratory of Shandong Facility Vegetable/National Vegetable Improvement Center Shandong Sub-Center, Jinan, 250100, China.
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Jia Q, Song J, Zheng C, Fu J, Qin B, Zhang Y, Liu Z, Jia K, Liang K, Lin W, Fan K. Genome-Wide Analysis of Cation/Proton Antiporter Family in Soybean ( Glycine max) and Functional Analysis of GmCHX20a on Salt Response. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16560. [PMID: 38068884 PMCID: PMC10705888 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Monovalent cation proton antiporters (CPAs) play crucial roles in ion and pH homeostasis, which is essential for plant development and environmental adaptation, including salt tolerance. Here, 68 CPA genes were identified in soybean, phylogenetically dividing into 11 Na+/H+ exchangers (NHXs), 12 K+ efflux antiporters (KEAs), and 45 cation/H+ exchangers (CHXs). The GmCPA genes are unevenly distributed across the 20 chromosomes and might expand largely due to segmental duplication in soybean. The GmCPA family underwent purifying selection rather than neutral or positive selections. The cis-element analysis and the publicly available transcriptome data indicated that GmCPAs are involved in development and various environmental adaptations, especially for salt tolerance. Based on the RNA-seq data, twelve of the chosen GmCPA genes were confirmed for their differentially expression under salt or osmotic stresses using qRT-PCR. Among them, GmCHX20a was selected due to its high induction under salt stress for the exploration of its biological function on salt responses by ectopic expressing in Arabidopsis. The results suggest that the overexpression of GmCHX20a increases the sensitivity to salt stress by altering the redox system. Overall, this study provides comprehensive insights into the CPA family in soybean and has the potential to supply new candidate genes to develop salt-tolerant soybean varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Jia
- Key Laboratory for Genetics Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Ministry of Education/College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (J.S.); (C.Z.); (J.F.); (B.Q.); (K.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecology and Molecular Physiology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fujian Province University, Fuzhou 350002, China;
| | - Junliang Song
- Key Laboratory for Genetics Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Ministry of Education/College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (J.S.); (C.Z.); (J.F.); (B.Q.); (K.L.)
| | - Chengwen Zheng
- Key Laboratory for Genetics Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Ministry of Education/College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (J.S.); (C.Z.); (J.F.); (B.Q.); (K.L.)
| | - Jiahui Fu
- Key Laboratory for Genetics Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Ministry of Education/College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (J.S.); (C.Z.); (J.F.); (B.Q.); (K.L.)
| | - Bin Qin
- Key Laboratory for Genetics Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Ministry of Education/College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (J.S.); (C.Z.); (J.F.); (B.Q.); (K.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecology and Molecular Physiology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fujian Province University, Fuzhou 350002, China;
| | - Yongqiang Zhang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processing and Safety Monitoring, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (Y.Z.); (Z.L.); (K.J.)
| | - Zhongjuan Liu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processing and Safety Monitoring, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (Y.Z.); (Z.L.); (K.J.)
| | - Kunzhi Jia
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processing and Safety Monitoring, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (Y.Z.); (Z.L.); (K.J.)
| | - Kangjing Liang
- Key Laboratory for Genetics Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Ministry of Education/College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (J.S.); (C.Z.); (J.F.); (B.Q.); (K.L.)
| | - Wenxiong Lin
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecology and Molecular Physiology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fujian Province University, Fuzhou 350002, China;
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processing and Safety Monitoring, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (Y.Z.); (Z.L.); (K.J.)
| | - Kai Fan
- Key Laboratory for Genetics Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Ministry of Education/College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (J.S.); (C.Z.); (J.F.); (B.Q.); (K.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecology and Molecular Physiology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fujian Province University, Fuzhou 350002, China;
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Zhang X, Wang L, Pan T, Wu X, Shen J, Jiang L, Tajima H, Blumwald E, Qiu QS. Plastid KEA-type cation/H + antiporters are required for vacuolar protein trafficking in Arabidopsis. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 65:2157-2174. [PMID: 37252889 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Arabidopsis plastid antiporters KEA1 and KEA2 are critical for plastid development, photosynthetic efficiency, and plant development. Here, we show that KEA1 and KEA2 are involved in vacuolar protein trafficking. Genetic analyses found that the kea1 kea2 mutants had short siliques, small seeds, and short seedlings. Molecular and biochemical assays showed that seed storage proteins were missorted out of the cell and the precursor proteins were accumulated in kea1 kea2. Protein storage vacuoles (PSVs) were smaller in kea1 kea2. Further analyses showed that endosomal trafficking in kea1 kea2 was compromised. Vacuolar sorting receptor 1 (VSR1) subcellular localizations, VSR-cargo interactions, and p24 distribution on the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and Golgi apparatus were affected in kea1 kea2. Moreover, plastid stromule growth was reduced and plastid association with the endomembrane compartments was disrupted in kea1 kea2. Stromule growth was regulated by the cellular pH and K+ homeostasis maintained by KEA1 and KEA2. The organellar pH along the trafficking pathway was altered in kea1 kea2. Overall, KEA1 and KEA2 regulate vacuolar trafficking by controlling the function of plastid stromules via adjusting pH and K+ homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 73000, China
- Academy of Plateau Science and Sustainability, School of Life Sciences, Qinghai Normal University, Xining, 810000, China
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Lu Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 73000, China
- Academy of Plateau Science and Sustainability, School of Life Sciences, Qinghai Normal University, Xining, 810000, China
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Ting Pan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 73000, China
| | - Xuexia Wu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 73000, China
| | - Jinbo Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Liwen Jiang
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Cell & Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hiromi Tajima
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Eduardo Blumwald
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Quan-Sheng Qiu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 73000, China
- Academy of Plateau Science and Sustainability, School of Life Sciences, Qinghai Normal University, Xining, 810000, China
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
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Hu W, Gu H, Wang K, Lu Z, Li X, Cong R, Ren T, Lu J. Potassium deficiency stress reduces Rubisco activity in Brassica napus leaves by subcellular acidification decreasing photosynthetic rate. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 201:107912. [PMID: 37523826 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.107912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Under potassium (K) deficiency photosynthetic carboxylation capacities are limited, affecting the photosynthetic rate of plants. However, it is not clear how ionic K within plants regulates carboxylation capacities. Therefore, the photosynthetic rate (A), ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco, EC 4.1.1.39) characteristics, and cytoplasmic pH of Brassica napus leaves with different K levels were measured to evaluate the effects of K on the carboxylation capacity by regulating subcellular pH. The results showed that biochemical limitation dominates the decrease of A. There was a close positive correlation between A and the Rubisco maximum carboxylation rate (Vcmax), which was closer than that between A and the maximum electron transport rate. The thresholds of leaf K concentrations causing decreased A, Vcmax, and Rubisco initial activity were consistent and close to 1.0% in the hydroponic experiments and 1.2% in the field experiments. K deficiency resulted in decreased Rubisco activity, which reduced carboxylation capacity. Moreover, the Rubisco initial activities in vitro with sufficient K supply or under K deficiency all were significantly reduced when the pH was decreased. The cytoplasmic pH was kept neutral at 7.5 under sufficient K supply, and decreased as the leaf K concentration declined below the threshold. Acidified cytoplasmic environment caused by K deficiency could not maintain the pH balance of the chloroplasts, leading to decreased Rubisco initial activity and photosynthetic capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenshi Hu
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Hehe Gu
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Kunjiao Wang
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Zhifeng Lu
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xiaokun Li
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Rihuan Cong
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Tao Ren
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Jianwei Lu
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
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Rasmussen T. The Potassium Efflux System Kef: Bacterial Protection against Toxic Electrophilic Compounds. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:membranes13050465. [PMID: 37233526 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13050465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Kef couples the potassium efflux with proton influx in gram-negative bacteria. The resulting acidification of the cytosol efficiently prevents the killing of the bacteria by reactive electrophilic compounds. While other degradation pathways for electrophiles exist, Kef is a short-term response that is crucial for survival. It requires tight regulation since its activation comes with the burden of disturbed homeostasis. Electrophiles, entering the cell, react spontaneously or catalytically with glutathione, which is present at high concentrations in the cytosol. The resulting glutathione conjugates bind to the cytosolic regulatory domain of Kef and trigger activation while the binding of glutathione keeps the system closed. Furthermore, nucleotides can bind to this domain for stabilization or inhibition. The binding of an additional ancillary subunit, called KefF or KefG, to the cytosolic domain is required for full activation. The regulatory domain is termed K+ transport-nucleotide binding (KTN) or regulator of potassium conductance (RCK) domain, and it is also found in potassium uptake systems or channels in other oligomeric arrangements. Bacterial RosB-like transporters and K+ efflux antiporters (KEA) of plants are homologs of Kef but fulfill different functions. In summary, Kef provides an interesting and well-studied example of a highly regulated bacterial transport system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Rasmussen
- Rudolf Virchow Center and Biocenter, Institute of Biochemistry II, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 2, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
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Pantha P, Oh DH, Longstreth D, Dassanayake M. Living with high potassium: Balance between nutrient acquisition and K-induced salt stress signaling. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 191:1102-1121. [PMID: 36493387 PMCID: PMC9922392 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
High potassium (K) in the growth medium induces salinity stress in plants. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying plant responses to K-induced salt stress are virtually unknown. We examined Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) and its extremophyte relative Schrenkiella parvula using a comparative multiomics approach to identify cellular processes affected by excess K and understand which deterministic regulatory pathways are active to avoid tissue damages while sustaining growth. Arabidopsis showed limited capacity to curb excess K accumulation and prevent nutrient depletion, contrasting to S. parvula which could limit excess K accumulation without restricting nutrient uptake. A targeted transcriptomic response in S. parvula promoted nitrogen uptake along with other key nutrients followed by uninterrupted N assimilation into primary metabolites during excess K-stress. This resulted in larger antioxidant and osmolyte pools and corresponded with sustained growth in S. parvula. Antithetically, Arabidopsis showed increased reactive oxygen species levels, reduced photosynthesis, and transcriptional responses indicative of a poor balance between stress signaling, subsequently leading to growth limitations. Our results indicate that the ability to regulate independent nutrient uptake and a coordinated transcriptomic response to avoid nonspecific stress signaling are two main deterministic steps toward building stress resilience to excess K+-induced salt stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pramod Pantha
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - Dong-Ha Oh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - David Longstreth
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
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Zhang M, Cao J, Zhang T, Xu T, Yang L, Li X, Ji F, Gao Y, Ali S, Zhang Q, Zhu J, Xie L. A Putative Plasma Membrane Na +/H + Antiporter GmSOS1 Is Critical for Salt Stress Tolerance in Glycine max. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:870695. [PMID: 35651772 PMCID: PMC9149370 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.870695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Soybean (Glycine max) is a staple crop and a major source of vegetable protein and vegetable oil. The growth of soybean is dramatically inhibited by salt stress, especially by the excessive toxic Na+. Salt Overly Sensitive 1 (SOS1) is the only extensively characterized Na+ efflux transporter in multiple plant species so far. However, the role of GmSOS1 in soybean salt stress responses remains unclear. Herein, we created three gmsos1 mutants using the CRISPR-Cas9 system in soybean. We found a significant accumulation of Na+ in the roots of the gmsos1 mutants, resulting in the imbalance of Na+ and K+, which links to impaired Na+ efflux and increased K+ efflux in the roots of the gmsos1 mutants under salt stress. Compared to the wild type, our RNA-seq analysis revealed that the roots of the gmsos1-1 showed preferential up and downregulation of ion transporters under salt stress, supporting impaired stress detection or an inability to develop a comprehensive response to salinity in the gmsos1 mutants. Our findings indicate that the plasma membrane Na+/H+ exchanger GmSOS1 plays a critical role in soybean salt tolerance by maintaining Na+ homeostasis and provides evidence for molecular breeding to improve salt tolerance in soybean and other crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Junfeng Cao
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Tianxu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Tao Xu
- The Editorial Board of Journal of Forestry Research, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Liyuan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
- Laboratory Department, Qitaihe Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Qitaihe, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Fengdan Ji
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Yingxue Gao
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology and Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Shahid Ali
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Qingzhu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Jianhua Zhu
- Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Linan Xie
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
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Zheng S, Su M, Shi Z, Gao H, Ma C, Zhu S, Zhang L, Wu G, Wu W, Wang J, Zhang J, Zhang T. Exogenous sucrose influences KEA1 and KEA2 to regulate abscisic acid-mediated primary root growth in Arabidopsis. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 317:111209. [PMID: 35193734 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2022.111209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Arabidopsis K+-efflux antiporter (KEA)1 and KEA2 are chloroplast inner envelope membrane K+/H+ antiporters that play an important role in plastid development and seedling growth. However, the function of KEA1 and KEA2 during early seedling development is poorly understood. In this work, we found that in Arabidopsis, KEA1 and KEA2 mediated primary root growth by regulating photosynthesis and the ABA signaling pathway. Phenotypic analyses revealed that in the absence of sucrose, the primary root length of the kea1kea2 mutant was significantly shorter than that of the wild-type Columbia-0 (Col-0) plant. However, this phenotype could be remedied by the external application of sucrose. Meanwhile, HPLC-MS/MS results showed that in sucrose-free medium, ABA accumulation in the kea1kea2 mutant was considerably lower than that in Col-0. Transcriptome analysis revealed that many key genes involved in ABA signals were repressed in the kea1kea2 mutant. We concluded that KEA1 and KEA2 deficiency not only affected photosynthesis but was also involved in primary root growth likely through an ABA-dependent manner. This study confirmed the new function of KEA1 and KEA2 in affecting primary root growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Zheng
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China; Academy of Plateau Science and Sustainability, Qinghai Normal University, Xining 810016, China.
| | - Min Su
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Zhongfei Shi
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Haixia Gao
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Cheng Ma
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Shan Zhu
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Lina Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Guofan Wu
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Wangze Wu
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Juan Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Jinping Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Tengguo Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China.
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10
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Saddhe AA, Mishra AK, Kumar K. Molecular insights into the role of plant transporters in salt stress response. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2021; 173:1481-1494. [PMID: 33963568 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Salt stress disturbs the cellular osmotic and ionic balance, which then creates a negative impact on plant growth and development. The Na+ and Cl- ions can enter into plant cells through various membrane transporters, including specific and non-specific Na+ , K+ , and Ca2+ transporters. Therefore, it is important to understand Na+ and K+ transport mechanisms in plants along with the isolation of genes, their characterization, the structural features, and their post-translation regulation under salt stress. This review summarizes the molecular insights of plant ion transporters, including non-selective cation transporters, cyclic nucleotide-gated cation transporters, glutamate-like receptors, membrane intrinsic proteins, cation proton antiporters, and sodium proton antiporter families. Further, we discussed the K+ transporter families such as high-affinity K+ transporters, HAK/KUP/KT transporters, shaker type K+ transporters, and K+ efflux antiporters. Besides the ion transport process, we have shed light on available literature on epigenetic regulation of transport processes under salt stress. Recent advancements of salt stress sensing mechanisms and various salt sensors within signaling transduction pathways are discussed. Further, we have compiled salt-stress signaling pathways, and their crosstalk with phytohormones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankush Ashok Saddhe
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, K. K. Birla Goa Campus, Goa, 403726, India
| | - Ajay Kumar Mishra
- Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, Department of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Kundan Kumar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, K. K. Birla Goa Campus, Goa, 403726, India
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11
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Westermann J. Two Is Company, but Four Is a Party-Challenges of Tetraploidization for Cell Wall Dynamics and Efficient Tip-Growth in Pollen. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:plants10112382. [PMID: 34834745 PMCID: PMC8623246 DOI: 10.3390/plants10112382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Some cells grow by an intricately coordinated process called tip-growth, which allows the formation of long tubular structures by a remarkable increase in cell surface-to-volume ratio and cell expansion across vast distances. On a broad evolutionary scale, tip-growth has been extraordinarily successful, as indicated by its recurrent 're-discovery' throughout evolutionary time in all major land plant taxa which allowed for the functional diversification of tip-growing cell types across gametophytic and sporophytic life-phases. All major land plant lineages have experienced (recurrent) polyploidization events and subsequent re-diploidization that may have positively contributed to plant adaptive evolutionary processes. How individual cells respond to genome-doubling on a shorter evolutionary scale has not been addressed as elaborately. Nevertheless, it is clear that when polyploids first form, they face numerous important challenges that must be overcome for lineages to persist. Evidence in the literature suggests that tip-growth is one of those processes. Here, I discuss the literature to present hypotheses about how polyploidization events may challenge efficient tip-growth and strategies which may overcome them: I first review the complex and multi-layered processes by which tip-growing cells maintain their cell wall integrity and steady growth. I will then discuss how they may be affected by the cellular changes that accompany genome-doubling. Finally, I will depict possible mechanisms polyploid plants may evolve to compensate for the effects caused by genome-doubling to regain diploid-like growth, particularly focusing on cell wall dynamics and the subcellular machinery they are controlled by.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Westermann
- Institute of Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Biology, ETH Zürich, Universitätsstrasse 2, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
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12
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Wu L, Wu M, Liu H, Gao Y, Chen F, Xiang Y. Identification and characterisation of monovalent cation/proton antiporters (CPAs) in Phyllostachys edulis and the functional analysis of PheNHX2 in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 164:205-221. [PMID: 34004558 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Plant monovalent cation/proton antiporters (CPAs), types of transmembrane transporters, play important roles in resistance to salt stress. In this study, 37 CPA genes from moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis) were identified and characterised. The expression profiles of 10 CPA1 genes (PheNHXs) of moso bamboo were detected by qRT-PCR, which showed that they were specifically expressed in six tissues. In addition, the expression of 10 PheNHXs in leaves and roots changed significantly under 150/200 mM NaCl and 100 μM ABA treatments. In particular, the expression of PheNHX2 in leaves and roots was significantly upregulated under NaCl treatment, thus, we cloned PheNHX2 and analysed its function. Subcellular localisation analysis showed that PheNHX2 was located on the vacuolar membrane. Overexpression of PheNHX2 reduced seed germination and root growth of Arabidopsis thaliana under salt stress, as well as severely affecting cellular Na+ and K+ content, which in turn reduced the salt tolerance of transgenic Arabidopsis. Measurements of physiological indicators, including chlorophyll content, malondialdehyde content, peroxidase and catalase enzyme activities and relative electrical conductivity, all supported this conclusion. Under salt stress, PheNHX2 also inhibited the expression of some stress-related and ion transport-related genes in transgenic Arabidopsis. Overall, these results indicate that overexpression of PheNHX2 reduces the salt tolerance of transgenic Arabidopsis. This investigation establishes a foundation for subsequent functional studies of moso bamboo CPA genes, and it provides a deeper understanding of PheNHX2 regulation in relation to the salt tolerance of moso bamboo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Wu
- Laboratory of Modern Biotechnology, School of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China.
| | - Min Wu
- Laboratory of Modern Biotechnology, School of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China.
| | - Huanlong Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China.
| | - Yameng Gao
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China.
| | - Feng Chen
- Laboratory of Modern Biotechnology, School of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China.
| | - Yan Xiang
- Laboratory of Modern Biotechnology, School of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China.
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13
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Kong M, Luo M, Li J, Feng Z, Zhang Y, Song W, Zhang R, Wang R, Wang Y, Zhao J, Tao Y, Zhao Y. Genome-wide identification, characterization, and expression analysis of the monovalent cation-proton antiporter superfamily in maize, and functional analysis of its role in salt tolerance. Genomics 2021; 113:1940-1951. [PMID: 33895282 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2021.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Na+, K+ and pH homeostasis are important for plant life and they are controlled by the monovalent cation proton antiporter (CPA) superfamily. The roles of ZmCPAs in salt tolerance are not fully elucidated. In this study, we identified 35 ZmCPAs comprising 13 Na+/H+ exchangers (ZmNHXs), 16 cation/H+ exchanger (ZmCHXs), and 6 K+ efflux antiporters (ZmKEAs). All ZmCPAs have transmembrane domains and most of them were localized to plasma membrane or tonoplast. ZmCHXs were specifically highly expressed in anthers, while ZmNHXs and ZmKEAs showed high expression in various tissues. ZmNHX5 and ZmKEA2 were up-regulated in maize seedlings under both NaCl and KCl stresses. Yeast complementation experiments revealed the roles of ZmNHX5, ZmKEA2 in NaCl tolerance. Analysis of the maize mutants further validated the salt tolerance functions of ZmNHX5 and ZmKEA2. Our study highlights comprehensive information of ZmCPAs and provides new gene targets for salt tolerance maize breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengsi Kong
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, Hebei, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Maize DNA Fingerprinting and Molecular Breeding, Maize Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences (BAAFS), Beijing 100079, China
| | - Meijie Luo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Maize DNA Fingerprinting and Molecular Breeding, Maize Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences (BAAFS), Beijing 100079, China
| | - Jingna Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Maize DNA Fingerprinting and Molecular Breeding, Maize Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences (BAAFS), Beijing 100079, China
| | - Zhen Feng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Maize DNA Fingerprinting and Molecular Breeding, Maize Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences (BAAFS), Beijing 100079, China; Plant Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yunxia Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Maize DNA Fingerprinting and Molecular Breeding, Maize Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences (BAAFS), Beijing 100079, China
| | - Wei Song
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Maize DNA Fingerprinting and Molecular Breeding, Maize Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences (BAAFS), Beijing 100079, China
| | - Ruyang Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Maize DNA Fingerprinting and Molecular Breeding, Maize Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences (BAAFS), Beijing 100079, China
| | - Ronghuan Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Maize DNA Fingerprinting and Molecular Breeding, Maize Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences (BAAFS), Beijing 100079, China
| | - Yuandong Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Maize DNA Fingerprinting and Molecular Breeding, Maize Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences (BAAFS), Beijing 100079, China
| | - Jiuran Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Maize DNA Fingerprinting and Molecular Breeding, Maize Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences (BAAFS), Beijing 100079, China.
| | - Yongsheng Tao
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, Hebei, China.
| | - Yanxin Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Maize DNA Fingerprinting and Molecular Breeding, Maize Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences (BAAFS), Beijing 100079, China.
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14
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Amin I, Rasool S, Mir MA, Wani W, Masoodi KZ, Ahmad P. Ion homeostasis for salinity tolerance in plants: a molecular approach. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2021; 171:578-594. [PMID: 32770745 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Soil salinity is one of the major environmental stresses faced by the plants. Sodium chloride is the most important salt responsible for inducing salt stress by disrupting the osmotic potential. Due to various innate mechanisms, plants adapt to the sodic niche around them. Genes and transcription factors regulating ion transport and exclusion such as salt overly sensitive (SOS), Na+ /H+ exchangers (NHXs), high sodium affinity transporter (HKT) and plasma membrane protein (PMP) are activated during salinity stress and help in alleviating cells of ion toxicity. For salt tolerance in plants signal transduction and gene expression is regulated via transcription factors such as NAM (no apical meristem), ATAF (Arabidopsis transcription activation factor), CUC (cup-shaped cotyledon), Apetala 2/ethylene responsive factor (AP2/ERF), W-box binding factor (WRKY) and basic leucine zipper domain (bZIP). Cross-talk between all these transcription factors and genes aid in developing the tolerance mechanisms adopted by plants against salt stress. These genes and transcription factors regulate the movement of ions out of the cells by opening various membrane ion channels. Mutants or knockouts of all these genes are known to be less salt-tolerant compared to wild-types. Using novel molecular techniques such as analysis of genome, transcriptome, ionome and metabolome of a plant, can help in expanding the understanding of salt tolerance mechanism in plants. In this review, we discuss the genes responsible for imparting salt tolerance under salinity stress through transport dynamics of ion balance and need to integrate high-throughput molecular biology techniques to delineate the issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Insha Amin
- Molecular Biology Lab, Division of Veterinary Biochemistry, FVSc & A.H., SKUAST, Shuhama, India
| | - Saiema Rasool
- Department of School Education, Govt. of Jammu & Kashmir, Srinagar, 190001, India
| | - Mudasir A Mir
- Transcriptomics Lab, Division of Plant Biotechnology, SKUAST-Kashmir, Shalimar, 190025, India
| | - Wasia Wani
- Transcriptomics Lab, Division of Plant Biotechnology, SKUAST-Kashmir, Shalimar, 190025, India
| | - Khalid Z Masoodi
- Transcriptomics Lab, Division of Plant Biotechnology, SKUAST-Kashmir, Shalimar, 190025, India
| | - Parvaiz Ahmad
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Botany, S. P. College, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, 190001, India
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15
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Jia Q, Li MW, Zheng C, Xu Y, Sun S, Li Z, Wong FL, Song J, Lin WW, Li Q, Zhu Y, Liang K, Lin W, Lam HM. The soybean plasma membrane-localized cation/H + exchanger GmCHX20a plays a negative role under salt stress. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2021; 171:714-727. [PMID: 33094482 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Cation/H+ -exchanger (CHX) perform diverse functions in plants, including being a part of the protective mechanisms to cope with salt stress. GmCHX1 has been previously identified as the causal gene in a major salt-tolerance quantitative trait locus (QTL) in soybean, but little is known about another close paralog, GmCHX20a, found in the same QTL. In this study, GmCHX20a was characterized along with GmCHX1. The expression patterns of the two genes and the direction of Na+ flux directed by overexpression of these two transporters are different, suggesting that they are functionally distinct. The ectopic expression of GmCHX20a led to an increase in salt sensitivity and osmotic tolerance, which was consistent with its role in increasing Na+ uptake into the root. Although this seems counter-intuitive, it may in fact be part of the mechanism by which soybean could counter act the effects of osmotic stress, which is commonly manifested in the initial stage of salinity stress. On the other hand, GmCHX1 from salt-tolerant soybean was shown to protect plants via Na+ exclusion under salt stress. Taken together these results suggest that GmCHX20a and GmCHX1 might work complementally through a concerted effort to address both osmotic stress and ionic stress as a result of elevated salinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Jia
- Key Laboratory for Genetics Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Ministry of Education, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- School of Life Sciences and Center for Soybean Research of the State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Man-Wah Li
- School of Life Sciences and Center for Soybean Research of the State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chengwen Zheng
- Key Laboratory for Genetics Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Ministry of Education, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yiyue Xu
- School of Life Sciences and Center for Soybean Research of the State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Song Sun
- Key Laboratory for Genetics Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Ministry of Education, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhong Li
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecology and Molecular Physiology (Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University), Fujian Province University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Fuk-Ling Wong
- School of Life Sciences and Center for Soybean Research of the State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Junliang Song
- Key Laboratory for Genetics Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Ministry of Education, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Wei-Wei Lin
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecology and Molecular Physiology (Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University), Fujian Province University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Qinghua Li
- Putian Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Putian, China
| | - Yebao Zhu
- Rice Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, China
| | - Kangjing Liang
- Key Laboratory for Genetics Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Ministry of Education, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Wenxiong Lin
- Key Laboratory for Genetics Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Ministry of Education, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecology and Molecular Physiology (Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University), Fujian Province University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Hon-Ming Lam
- School of Life Sciences and Center for Soybean Research of the State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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16
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Hussain S, Hussain S, Ali B, Ren X, Chen X, Li Q, Saqib M, Ahmad N. Recent progress in understanding salinity tolerance in plants: Story of Na +/K + balance and beyond. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 160:239-256. [PMID: 33524921 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
High salt concentrations in the growing medium can severely affect the growth and development of plants. It is imperative to understand the different components of salt-tolerant network in plants in order to produce the salt-tolerant cultivars. High-affinity potassium transporter- and myelocytomatosis proteins have been shown to play a critical role for salinity tolerance through exclusion of sodium (Na+) ions from sensitive shoot tissues in plants. Numerous genes, that limit the uptake of salts from soil and their transport throughout the plant body, adjust the ionic and osmotic balance of cells in roots and shoots. In the present review, we have tried to provide a comprehensive report of major research advances on different mechanisms regulating plant tolerance to salinity stress at proteomics, metabolomics, genomics and transcriptomics levels. Along with the role of ionic homeostasis, a major focus was given on other salinity tolerance mechanisms in plants including osmoregulation and osmo-protection, cell wall remodeling and integrity, and plant antioxidative defense. Major proteins and genes expressed under salt-stressed conditions and their role in enhancing salinity tolerance in plants are discussed as well. Moreover, this manuscript identifies and highlights the key questions on plant salinity tolerance that remain to be discussed in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadam Hussain
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China; Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Saddam Hussain
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan; Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China.
| | - Basharat Ali
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Xiaolong Ren
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaoli Chen
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qianqian Li
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Muhammad Saqib
- Agronomic Research Institute, Ayub Agricultural Research Institute, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Naeem Ahmad
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
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17
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Sánchez-McSweeney A, González-Gordo S, Aranda-Sicilia MN, Rodríguez-Rosales MP, Venema K, Palma JM, Corpas FJ. Loss of function of the chloroplast membrane K +/H + antiporters AtKEA1 and AtKEA2 alters the ROS and NO metabolism but promotes drought stress resilience. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 160:106-119. [PMID: 33485149 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Potassium (K+) exerts key physiological functions such as osmoregulation, stomatal movement, membrane transport, protein synthesis and photosynthesis among others. Previously, it was demonstrated in Arabidopsis thaliana that the loss of function of the chloroplast K+Efflux Antiporters KEA1 and KEA2, located in the inner envelope membrane, provokes inefficient photosynthesis. Therefore, the main goal of this study was to evaluate the potential impact of the loss of function of those cation transport systems in the metabolism of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS and RNS). Using 14-day-old seedlings from Arabidopsis double knock-out kea1kea2 mutants, ROS metabolism and NO content in roots and green cotyledons were studied at the biochemical level. The loss of function of AtKEA1 and AtKEA2 did not cause oxidative stress but it provoked an alteration of the ROS homeostasis affecting some ROS-generating enzymes. These included glycolate oxidase (GOX) and NADPH-dependent superoxide generation activity, enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants and both NADP-isocitrate dehydrogenase and NADP-malic enzyme activities. NO content, analyzed by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), was negatively affected in both photosynthetic and non-photosynthetic organs in kea1kea2 mutant seedlings. Furthermore, the S-nitrosoglutathione reductase (GSNOR) protein expression and activity were downregulated in kea1kea2 mutants, whereas the tyrosine nitrated protein profile, analyzed by immunoblot, was unaffected but the relative expression of each immunoreactive band changed. Moreover, kea1kea2 mutants showed an increased photorespiratory pathway and stomata closure, thus promoting a higher resilience to drought stress. Data suggest that the chloroplast osmotic balance and integrity maintained by AtKEA1 and AtKEA2 are necessary to keep the balance of ROS/RNS metabolism. Moreover, these data open new questions about how endogenous NO generation might be affected by the K+/H+ transport located in the chloroplasts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Salvador González-Gordo
- Group of Antioxidants, Free Radicals and Nitric Oxide in Biotechnology, Food and Agriculture, Spain
| | - María Nieves Aranda-Sicilia
- Group of Ion Homeostasis, Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental Del Zaidín, CSIC, C/ Profesor Albareda, 1, 18008, Granada, Spain
| | - María Pilar Rodríguez-Rosales
- Group of Ion Homeostasis, Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental Del Zaidín, CSIC, C/ Profesor Albareda, 1, 18008, Granada, Spain
| | - Kees Venema
- Group of Ion Homeostasis, Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental Del Zaidín, CSIC, C/ Profesor Albareda, 1, 18008, Granada, Spain
| | - José M Palma
- Group of Antioxidants, Free Radicals and Nitric Oxide in Biotechnology, Food and Agriculture, Spain
| | - Francisco J Corpas
- Group of Antioxidants, Free Radicals and Nitric Oxide in Biotechnology, Food and Agriculture, Spain.
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18
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Nestrerenko EO, Krasnoperova OE, Isayenkov SV. Potassium Transport Systems and Their Role in Stress Response, Plant Growth, and Development. CYTOL GENET+ 2021. [DOI: 10.3103/s0095452721010126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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19
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Aranda Sicilia MN, Sánchez Romero ME, Rodríguez Rosales MP, Venema K. Plastidial transporters KEA1 and KEA2 at the inner envelope membrane adjust stromal pH in the dark. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 229:2080-2090. [PMID: 33111995 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthesis and carbon fixation depend critically on the regulation of pH in chloroplast compartments in the daylight and at night. While it is established that an alkaline stroma is required for carbon fixation, it is not known how alkaline stromal pH is formed, maintained or regulated. We tested whether two envelope transporters, AtKEA1 and AtKEA2, directly affected stromal pH in isolated Arabidopsis chloroplasts using the fluorescent probe 2',7'-bis-(2-carboxyethyl)-5-(and-6)-carboxyfluorescein (BCECF). External K+ -induced alkalinization of the stroma was observed in chloroplasts from wild-type (WT) plants but not from kea1kea2 mutants, suggesting that KEA1 and KEA2 mediate K+ uptake/H+ loss to modulate stromal pH. While light-stimulated alkalinization of the stroma was independent of KEA1 and KEA2, the rate of decay to neutral pH in the dark is delayed in kea1kea2 mutants. However, the dark-induced loss of a pH gradient across the thylakoid membrane was similar in WT and mutant chloroplasts. This indicates that proton influx from the cytosol mediated by envelope K+ /H+ antiporters contributes to adjustment of stromal pH upon light to dark transitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Nieves Aranda Sicilia
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, C/ Profesor Albareda 1, Granada, 18008, Spain
| | - María Elena Sánchez Romero
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, C/ Profesor Albareda 1, Granada, 18008, Spain
| | - María Pilar Rodríguez Rosales
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, C/ Profesor Albareda 1, Granada, 18008, Spain
| | - Kees Venema
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, C/ Profesor Albareda 1, Granada, 18008, Spain
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Li Y, Feng Z, Wei H, Cheng S, Hao P, Yu S, Wang H. Silencing of GhKEA4 and GhKEA12 Revealed Their Potential Functions Under Salt and Potassium Stresses in Upland Cotton. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:789775. [PMID: 34950173 PMCID: PMC8689187 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.789775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The K+ efflux antiporter (KEA) mediates intracellular K+ and H+ homeostasis to improve salt tolerance in plants. However, the knowledge of KEA gene family in cotton is largely absent. In the present study, 8, 8, 15, and 16 putative KEA genes were identified in Gossypium arboreum, G. raimondii, G. hirsutum, and G. barbadense, respectively. These KEA genes were classified into three subfamilies, and members from the same subfamilies showed similar motif compositions and gene structure characteristics. Some hormone response elements and stress response elements were identified in the upstream 2000 bp sequence of GhKEAs. Transcriptome data showed that most of the GhKEAs were highly expressed in roots and stems. The quantificational real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) results showed that most of the GhKEAs responded to low potassium, salt and drought stresses. Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) experiments demonstrated that under salt stress, after silencing genes GhKEA4 and GhKEA12, the chlorophyll content, proline content, soluble sugar content, peroxidase (POD) activity and catalase (CAT) activity were significantly decreased, and the Na+/K+ ratio was extremely significantly increased in leaves, leading to greater salt sensitivity. Under high potassium stress, cotton plants silenced for the GhKEA4 could still maintain a more stable Na+ and K+ balance, and the activity of transporting potassium ions from roots into leaves was reduced silenced for GhKEA12. Under low potassium stress, silencing the GhKEA4 increased the activity of transporting potassium ions to shoots, and silencing the GhKEA12 increased the ability of absorbing potassium ions, but accumulated more Na+ in leaves. These results provided a basis for further studies on the biological roles of KEA genes in cotton development and adaptation to stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Zhen Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Hengling Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Shuaishuai Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Pengbo Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Shuxun Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
- *Correspondence: Shuxun Yu,
| | - Hantao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Hantao Wang,
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Isayenkov SV, Dabravolski SA, Pan T, Shabala S. Phylogenetic Diversity and Physiological Roles of Plant Monovalent Cation/H + Antiporters. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:573564. [PMID: 33123183 PMCID: PMC7573149 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.573564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The processes of plant nutrition, stress tolerance, plant growth, and development are strongly dependent on transport of mineral nutrients across cellular membranes. Plant membrane transporters are key components of these processes. Among various membrane transport proteins, the monovalent cation proton antiporter (CPA) superfamily mediates a broad range of physiological and developmental processes such as ion and pH homeostasis, development of reproductive organs, chloroplast operation, and plant adaptation to drought and salt stresses. CPA family includes plasma membrane-bound Na+/H+ exchanger (NhaP) and intracellular Na+/H+ exchanger NHE (NHX), K+ efflux antiporter (KEA), and cation/H+ exchanger (CHX) family proteins. In this review, we have completed the phylogenetic inventory of CPA transporters and undertaken a comprehensive evolutionary analysis of their development. Compared with previous studies, we have significantly extended the range of plant species, including green and red algae and Acrogymnospermae into phylogenetic analysis. Our data suggest that the multiplication and complexation of CPA isoforms during evolution is related to land colonisation by higher plants and associated with an increase of different tissue types and development of reproductive organs. The new data extended the number of clades for all groups of CPAs, including those for NhaP/SOS, NHE/NHX, KEA, and CHX. We also critically evaluate the latest findings on the biological role, physiological functions and regulation of CPA transporters in relation to their structure and phylogenetic position. In addition, the role of CPA members in plant tolerance to various abiotic stresses is summarized, and the future priority directions for CPA studies in plants are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislav V. Isayenkov
- International Research Centre for Environmental Membrane Biology, Foshan University, Foshan, China
- Department of Plant Food Products and Biofortification, Institute of Food Biotechnology and Genomics NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Siarhei A. Dabravolski
- Department of Clinical Diagnostics, Vitebsk State Academy of Veterinary Medicine [UO VGAVM], Vitebsk, Belarus
| | - Ting Pan
- International Research Centre for Environmental Membrane Biology, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Sergey Shabala
- International Research Centre for Environmental Membrane Biology, Foshan University, Foshan, China
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
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Lim SD, Mayer JA, Yim WC, Cushman JC. Plant tissue succulence engineering improves water-use efficiency, water-deficit stress attenuation and salinity tolerance in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 103:1049-1072. [PMID: 32338788 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Tissue succulence (ratio of tissue water/leaf area or dry mass) or the ability to store water within living tissues is among the most successful adaptations to drought in the plant kingdom. This taxonomically widespread adaptation helps plants avoid the damaging effects of drought, and is often associated with the occupancy of epiphytic, epilithic, semi-arid and arid environments. Tissue succulence was engineered in Arabidopsis thaliana by overexpression of a codon-optimized helix-loop-helix transcription factor (VvCEB1opt ) from wine grape involved in the cell expansion phase of berry development. VvCEB1opt -overexpressing lines displayed significant increases in cell size, succulence and decreased intercellular air space. VvCEB1opt -overexpressing lines showed increased instantaneous and integrated water-use efficiency (WUE) due to reduced stomatal conductance caused by reduced stomatal aperture and density resulting in increased attenuation of water-deficit stress. VvCEB1opt -overexpressing lines also showed increased salinity tolerance due to reduced salinity uptake and dilution of internal Na+ and Cl- as well as other ions. Alterations in transporter activities were further suggested by media and apoplastic acidification, hygromycin B tolerance and changes in relative transcript abundance patterns of various transporters with known functions in salinity tolerance. Engineered tissue succulence might provide an effective strategy for improving WUE, drought avoidance or attenuation, salinity tolerance, and for crassulacean acid metabolism biodesign.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Don Lim
- Department of Applied Plant Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Won Cheol Yim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, 89557-0330, USA
| | - John C Cushman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, 89557-0330, USA
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Bouchnak I, Brugière S, Moyet L, Le Gall S, Salvi D, Kuntz M, Tardif M, Rolland N. Unraveling Hidden Components of the Chloroplast Envelope Proteome: Opportunities and Limits of Better MS Sensitivity. Mol Cell Proteomics 2019; 18:1285-1306. [PMID: 30962257 PMCID: PMC6601204 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.ra118.000988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The chloroplast is a major plant cell organelle that fulfills essential metabolic and biosynthetic functions. Located at the interface between the chloroplast and other cell compartments, the chloroplast envelope system is a strategic barrier controlling the exchange of ions, metabolites and proteins, thus regulating essential metabolic functions (synthesis of hormones precursors, amino acids, pigments, sugars, vitamins, lipids, nucleotides etc.) of the plant cell. However, unraveling the contents of the chloroplast envelope proteome remains a difficult challenge; many proteins constituting this functional double membrane system remain to be identified. Indeed, the envelope contains only 1% of the chloroplast proteins (i.e. 0.4% of the whole cell proteome). In other words, most envelope proteins are so rare at the cell, chloroplast, or even envelope level, that they remained undetectable using targeted MS studies. Cross-contamination of chloroplast subcompartments by each other and by other cell compartments during cell fractionation, impedes accurate localization of many envelope proteins. The aim of the present study was to take advantage of technologically improved MS sensitivity to better define the proteome of the chloroplast envelope (differentiate genuine envelope proteins from contaminants). This MS-based analysis relied on an enrichment factor that was calculated for each protein identified in purified envelope fractions as compared with the value obtained for the same protein in crude cell extracts. Using this approach, a total of 1269 proteins were detected in purified envelope fractions, of which, 462 could be assigned an envelope localization by combining MS-based spectral count analyses with manual annotation using data from the literature and prediction tools. Many of such proteins being previously unknown envelope components, these data constitute a new resource of significant value to the broader plant science community aiming to define principles and molecular mechanisms controlling fundamental aspects of plastid biogenesis and functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imen Bouchnak
- From the ‡University Grenoble Alpes, INRA, CNRS, CEA, IRIG-LPCV, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Sabine Brugière
- §University Grenoble Alpes, CEA, Inserm, IRIG-BGE, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Lucas Moyet
- From the ‡University Grenoble Alpes, INRA, CNRS, CEA, IRIG-LPCV, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Sophie Le Gall
- From the ‡University Grenoble Alpes, INRA, CNRS, CEA, IRIG-LPCV, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Daniel Salvi
- From the ‡University Grenoble Alpes, INRA, CNRS, CEA, IRIG-LPCV, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Marcel Kuntz
- From the ‡University Grenoble Alpes, INRA, CNRS, CEA, IRIG-LPCV, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Marianne Tardif
- §University Grenoble Alpes, CEA, Inserm, IRIG-BGE, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Norbert Rolland
- From the ‡University Grenoble Alpes, INRA, CNRS, CEA, IRIG-LPCV, 38000 Grenoble, France;.
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Guo J, Dong X, Han G, Wang B. Salt-Enhanced Reproductive Development of Suaeda salsa L. Coincided With Ion Transporter Gene Upregulation in Flowers and Increased Pollen K + Content. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:333. [PMID: 30984214 PMCID: PMC6449877 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Halophytes are adapted to saline environments and demonstrate optimal reproductive growth under high salinity. To gain insight into the salt tolerance mechanism and effects of salinity in the halophyte Suaeda salsa, the number of flowers and seeds, seed size, anther development, ion content, and flower transcript profiles, as well as the relative expression levels of genes involved in ion transport, were analyzed in S. salsa plants treated with 0 or 200 mM NaCl. The seed size, flower number, seed number per leaf axil, and anther fertility were all significantly increased by 200 mM NaCl treatment. The Na+ and Cl- contents in the leaves, stems, and pollen of NaCl-treated plants were all markedly higher, and the K+ content in the leaves and stems was significantly lower, than those in untreated control plants. By contrast, the K+ content in pollen grains did not decrease, but rather increased, upon NaCl treatment. Genes related to Na+, K+ and, Cl- transport, such as SOS1, KEA, AKT1, NHX1, and CHX, showed increased expression in the flowers of NaCl-treated plants. These results suggest that ionic homeostasis in reproductive organs, especially in pollen grains under salt-treated conditions, involves increased expression of ion transport-related genes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Baoshan Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
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25
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Sharma H, Taneja M, Upadhyay SK. Identification, characterization and expression profiling of cation-proton antiporter superfamily in Triticum aestivum L. and functional analysis of TaNHX4-B. Genomics 2019; 112:356-370. [PMID: 30818061 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2019.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The monovalent cation proton antiporter (CPA) superfamily comprises Na+/H+ exchanger (NHX), K+ efflux antiporter (KEA), and cation/H+ exchanger (CHX) family proteins, which play vital functions in plants. A total of 107 TaCPA proteins were identified in Triticum aestivum, and phylogenetically classified into 35 TaNHX, 24 TaKEA and 48 TaCHX proteins. These families had representatives derived from all three sub-genomes. TaKEA genes consisted of higher number of exons, followed by TaNHXs and TaCHXs. The occurrence of about 10 transmembrane regions and higher composition of helices and coils support their membrane-bound and hydrophobic nature. Diverse expression in various tissues and modulated expression under stress conditions suggested their role in development and in response to stress. Co-expression analyses revealed their complex interaction networks. Expression of TaNHX4-B.1 and TaNHX4-B.4 facilitated differential abiotic stress tolerance to Escherichia coli. Our study provides comprehensive information about CPA genes, which would be useful in their future functional characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himanshu Sharma
- Department of Botany, Panjab University, Sector 14, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Mehak Taneja
- Department of Botany, Panjab University, Sector 14, Chandigarh 160014, India
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Wang Y, Tang RJ, Yang X, Zheng X, Shao Q, Tang QL, Fu A, Luan S. Golgi-localized cation/proton exchangers regulate ionic homeostasis and skotomorphogenesis in Arabidopsis. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2019; 42:673-687. [PMID: 30255504 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/22/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Multiple transporters and channels mediate cation transport across the plasma membrane and tonoplast to regulate ionic homeostasis in plant cells. However, much less is known about the molecular function of transporters that facilitate cation transport in other organelles such as Golgi. We report here that Arabidopsis KEA4, KEA5, and KEA6, members of cation/proton antiporters-2 (CPA2) superfamily were colocalized with the known Golgi marker, SYP32-mCherry. Although single kea4,5,6 mutants showed similar phenotype as the wild type under various conditions, kea4/5/6 triple mutants showed hypersensitivity to low pH, high K+ , and high Na+ and displayed growth defects in darkness, suggesting that these three KEA-type transporters function redundantly in controlling etiolated seedling growth and ion homeostasis. Detailed analysis indicated that the kea4/5/6 triple mutant exhibited cell wall biosynthesis defect during the rapid etiolated seedling growth and under high K+ /Na+ condition. The cell wall-derived pectin homogalacturonan (GalA)3 partially suppressed the growth defects and ionic toxicity in the kea4/5/6 triple mutants when grown in the dark but not in the light conditions. Together, these data support the hypothesis that the Golgi-localized KEAs play key roles in the maintenance of ionic and pH homeostasis, thereby facilitating Golgi function in cell wall biosynthesis during rapid etiolated seedling growth and in coping with high K+ /Na+ stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California
| | - Ren-Jie Tang
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California
| | - Xiyan Yang
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaojiang Zheng
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California
| | - Qiaolin Shao
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California
- The State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qing-Lin Tang
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountainous Regions, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Aigen Fu
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Sheng Luan
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California
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Cardinal-McTeague WM, Wurdack KJ, Sigel EM, Gillespie LJ. Seed size evolution and biogeography of Plukenetia (Euphorbiaceae), a pantropical genus with traditionally cultivated oilseed species. BMC Evol Biol 2019; 19:29. [PMID: 30670006 PMCID: PMC6341577 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-018-1308-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plukenetia is a small pantropical genus of lianas and vines with variably sized edible oil-rich seeds that presents an ideal system to investigate neotropical and pantropical diversification patterns and seed size evolution. We assessed the biogeography and seed evolution of Plukenetia through phylogenetic analyses of a 5069 character molecular dataset comprising five nuclear and two plastid markers for 86 terminals in subtribe Plukenetiinae (representing 20 of ~ 23 Plukenetia species). Two nuclear genes, KEA1 and TEB, were used for phylogenetic reconstruction for the first time. Our goals were: (1) produce a robust, time-dependent evolutionary framework for Plukenetia using BEAST; (2) reconstruct its biogeographical history with ancestral range estimation in BIOGEOBEARS; (3) define seed size categories; (4) identify patterns of seed size evolution using ancestral state estimation; and (5) conduct regression analyses with putative drivers of seed size using the threshold model. RESULTS Plukenetia was resolved into two major groups, which we refer to as the pinnately- and palmately-veined clades. Our analyses suggest Plukenetia originated in the Amazon or Atlantic Forest of Brazil during the Oligocene (28.7 Mya) and migrated/dispersed between those regions and Central America/Mexico throughout the Miocene. Trans-oceanic dispersals explain the pantropical distribution of Plukenetia, including from the Amazon to Africa in the Early Miocene (17.4 Mya), followed by Africa to Madagascar and Africa to Southeast Asia in the Late Miocene (9.4 Mya) and Pliocene (4.5 Mya), respectively. We infer a single origin of large seeds in the ancestor of Plukenetia. Seed size fits a Brownian motion model of trait evolution and is moderately to strongly associated with plant size, fruit type/dispersal syndrome, and seedling ecology. Biome shifts were not drivers of seed size, although there was a weak association with a transition to fire prone semi-arid savannas. CONCLUSIONS The major relationships among the species of Plukenetia are now well-resolved. Our biogeographical analyses support growing evidence that many pantropical distributions developed by periodic trans-oceanic dispersals throughout the Miocene and Pliocene. Selection on a combination of traits contributed to seed size variation, while movement between forest edge/light gap and canopy niches likely contributed to the seed size extremes in Plukenetia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Warren M. Cardinal-McTeague
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Gendron Hall, Room 160, 30 Marie Curie, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5 Canada
- Research and Collections, Canadian Museum of Nature, PO Box 3443, Station D, Ottawa, Ontario K1P 6P4 Canada
- Department of Botany, MRC-166, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, PO Box 37012, Washington, DC 20013-7012 USA
| | - Kenneth J. Wurdack
- Department of Botany, MRC-166, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, PO Box 37012, Washington, DC 20013-7012 USA
| | - Erin M. Sigel
- Department of Biology, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Billeaud Hall, Room 108, 410 E. St. Mary Blvd, Lafayette, LA 70503 USA
| | - Lynn J. Gillespie
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Gendron Hall, Room 160, 30 Marie Curie, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5 Canada
- Research and Collections, Canadian Museum of Nature, PO Box 3443, Station D, Ottawa, Ontario K1P 6P4 Canada
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Zhu X, Pan T, Zhang X, Fan L, Quintero FJ, Zhao H, Su X, Li X, Villalta I, Mendoza I, Shen J, Jiang L, Pardo JM, Qiu QS. K + Efflux Antiporters 4, 5, and 6 Mediate pH and K + Homeostasis in Endomembrane Compartments. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 178:1657-1678. [PMID: 30309966 PMCID: PMC6288736 DOI: 10.1104/pp.18.01053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
KEA4, KEA5, and KEA6 are members of the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) K+ efflux antiporter (KEA) family that share high sequence similarity but whose function remains unknown. Here, we show their gene expression pattern, subcellular localization, and physiological function in Arabidopsis. KEA4, KEA5, and KEA6 had similar tissue expression patterns, and the three KEA proteins localized to the Golgi, the trans-Golgi network, and the prevacuolar compartment/multivesicular bodies, suggesting overlapping roles of these proteins in the endomembrane system. Phenotypic analyses of single, double, and triple mutants confirmed functional redundancy. The triple mutant kea4 kea5 kea6 had small rosettes, short seedlings, and was sensitive to low K+ availability and to the sodicity imposed by high salinity. Also, the kea4 kea5 kea6 mutant plants had a reduced luminal pH in the Golgi, trans-Golgi network, prevacuolar compartment, and vacuole, in accordance with the K/H exchange activity of KEA proteins. Genetic analysis indicated that KEA4, KEA5, and KEA6 as well as endosomal Na+/H+exchanger5 (NHX5) and NHX6 acted coordinately to facilitate endosomal pH homeostasis and salt tolerance. Neither cancelling nor overexpressing the vacuolar antiporters NHX1 and NHX2 in the kea4 kea5 kea6 mutant background altered the salt-sensitive phenotype. The NHX1 and NHX2 proteins in the kea4 kea5 kea6 mutant background could not suppress the acidity of the endomembrane system but brought the vacuolar pH close to wild-type values. Together, these data signify that KEA4, KEA5, and KEA6 are endosomal K+ transporters functioning in maintaining pH and ion homeostasis in the endomembrane network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojie Zhu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China 730000
| | - Ting Pan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China 730000
| | - Xiao Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China 730000
| | - Ligang Fan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China 730000
| | - Francisco J Quintero
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, 41092 Seville, Spain
| | - Hong Zhao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China 730000
| | - Xiaomeng Su
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China 730000
| | - Xiaojiao Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China 730000
| | - Irene Villalta
- Estación Biológica de Doñana, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 41092 Seville, Spain
| | - Imelda Mendoza
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, 41092 Seville, Spain
| | - Jinbo Shen
- School of Life Sciences, Center for Cell and Developmental Biology, and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Liwen Jiang
- School of Life Sciences, Center for Cell and Developmental Biology, and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jose M Pardo
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, 41092 Seville, Spain
| | - Quan-Sheng Qiu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China 730000
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Niu M, Xie J, Chen C, Cao H, Sun J, Kong Q, Shabala S, Shabala L, Huang Y, Bie Z. An early ABA-induced stomatal closure, Na+ sequestration in leaf vein and K+ retention in mesophyll confer salt tissue tolerance in Cucurbita species. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2018; 69:4945-4960. [PMID: 29992291 PMCID: PMC6137988 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ery251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Tissue tolerance to salinity stress is a complex physiological trait composed of multiple 'sub-traits' such as Na+ compartmentalization, K+ retention, and osmotic tolerance. Previous studies have shown that some Cucurbita species employ tissue tolerance to combat salinity and we aimed to identify the physiological and molecular mechanisms involved. Five C. maxima (salt-tolerant) and five C. moschata (salt-sensitive) genotypes were comprehensively assessed for their salt tolerance mechanisms and the results showed that tissue-specific transport characteristics enabled the more tolerant lines to deal with the salt load. This mechanism was associated with the ability of the tolerant species to accumulate more Na+ in the leaf vein and to retain more K+ in the leaf mesophyll. In addition, C. maxima more efficiently retained K+ in the roots when exposed to transient NaCl stress and it was also able to store more Na+ in the xylem parenchyma and cortex in the leaf vein. Compared with C. moschata, C. maxima was also able to rapidly close stomata at early stages of salt stress, thus avoiding water loss; this difference was attributed to higher accumulation of ABA in the leaf. Transcriptome and qRT-PCR analyses revealed critical roles of high-affinity potassium (HKT1) and intracellular Na+/H+ (NHX4/6) transporters as components of the mechanism enabling Na+ exclusion from the leaf mesophyll and Na+ sequestration in the leaf vein. Also essential was a higher expression of NCED3s (encoding 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase, a key rate-limiting enzyme in ABA biosynthesis), which resulted in greater ABA accumulation in the mesophyll and earlier stomata closure in C. maxima.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengliang Niu
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Junjun Xie
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Chen Chen
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Haishun Cao
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Jingyu Sun
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Qiusheng Kong
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Sergey Shabala
- Department of Horticulture, Foshan University, Foshan, P. R. China
- Tasmanian Institute for Agriculture, College of Science and Engineering, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Lana Shabala
- Tasmanian Institute for Agriculture, College of Science and Engineering, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Yuan Huang
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, P. R. China
- Tasmanian Institute for Agriculture, College of Science and Engineering, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Zhilong Bie
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, P. R. China
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Jia B, Sun M, DuanMu H, Ding X, Liu B, Zhu Y, Sun X. GsCHX19.3, a member of cation/H + exchanger superfamily from wild soybean contributes to high salinity and carbonate alkaline tolerance. Sci Rep 2017; 7:9423. [PMID: 28842677 PMCID: PMC5573395 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-09772-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Cation/H+ exchangers (CHX) are characterized to be involved in plant growth, development and stress responses. Although soybean genome sequencing has been completed, the CHX family hasn't yet been systematically analyzed, especially in wild soybean. Here, through Hidden Markov Model search against Glycine soja proteome, 34 GsCHXs were identified and phylogenetically clustered into five groups. Members within each group showed high conservation in motif architecture. Interestingly, according to our previous RNA-seq data, only Group IVa members exhibited highly induced expression under carbonate alkaline stress. Among them, GsCHX19.3 displayed the greatest up-regulation in response to carbonate alkaline stress, which was further confirmed by quantitative real-time PCR analysis. We also observed the ubiquitous expression of GsCHX19.3 in different tissues and its localization on plasma membrane. Moreover, we found that GsCHX19.3 expression in AXT4K, a yeast mutant lacking four ion transporters conferred resistance to low K+ at alkali pH, as well as carbonate stress. Consistently, in Arabidopsis, GsCHX19.3 overexpression increased plant tolerance both to high salt and carbonate alkaline stresses. Furthermore, we also confirmed that GsCHX19.3 transgenic lines showed lower Na+ concentration but higher K+/Na+ values under salt-alkaline stress. Taken together, our findings indicated that GsCHX19.3 contributed to high salinity and carbonate alkaline tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowei Jia
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biological Functional Genes, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, P.R. China
- Crop Stress Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319, P.R. China
| | - Mingzhe Sun
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biological Functional Genes, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, P.R. China
- Crop Stress Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319, P.R. China
| | - Huizi DuanMu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biological Functional Genes, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, P.R. China
| | - Xiaodong Ding
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biological Functional Genes, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, P.R. China
| | - Beidong Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Box 462, Medicinaregatan, 9ES-413 90, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Yanming Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biological Functional Genes, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, P.R. China.
| | - Xiaoli Sun
- Crop Stress Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319, P.R. China.
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31
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Szabò I, Spetea C. Impact of the ion transportome of chloroplasts on the optimization of photosynthesis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2017; 68:3115-3128. [PMID: 28338935 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erx063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Ions play fundamental roles in all living cells, and their gradients are often essential to fuel transport, regulate enzyme activities, and transduce energy within cells. Regulation of their homeostasis is essential for cell metabolism. Recent results indicate that modulation of ion fluxes might also represent a useful strategy to regulate one of the most important physiological processes taking place in chloroplasts, photosynthesis. Photosynthesis is highly regulated, due to its unique role as a cellular engine for growth in the light. Controlling the balance between ATP and NADPH synthesis is a critical task, and availability of these molecules can limit the overall photosynthetic yield. Photosynthetic organisms optimize photosynthesis in low light, where excitation energy limits CO2 fixation, and minimize photo-oxidative damage in high light by dissipating excess photons. Despite extensive studies of these phenomena, the mechanism governing light utilization in plants is still poorly understood. In this review, we provide an update of the recently identified chloroplast-located ion channels and transporters whose function impacts photosynthetic efficiency in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ildikò Szabò
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Italy; CNR Institute of Neuroscience, Padova, Italy
| | - Cornelia Spetea
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden
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Capel C, Yuste-Lisbona FJ, López-Casado G, Angosto T, Heredia A, Cuartero J, Fernández-Muñoz R, Lozano R, Capel J. QTL mapping of fruit mineral contents provides new chances for molecular breeding of tomato nutritional traits. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2017; 130:903-913. [PMID: 28280866 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-017-2859-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Agronomical characterization of a RIL population for fruit mineral contents allowed for the identification of QTL controlling these fruit quality traits, flanked by co-dominant markers useful for marker-assisted breeding. Tomato quality is a multi-variant attribute directly depending on fruit chemical composition, which in turn determines the benefits of tomato consumption for human health. Commercially available tomato varieties possess limited variability in fruit quality traits. Wild species, such as Solanum pimpinellifolium, could provide different nutritional advantages and can be used for tomato breeding to improve overall fruit quality. Determining the genetic basis of the inheritance of all the traits that contribute to tomato fruit quality will increase the efficiency of the breeding program necessary to take advantage of the wild species variability. A high-density linkage map has been constructed from a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population derived from a cross between tomato Solanum lycopersicum and the wild-relative species S. pimpinellifolium. The RIL population was evaluated for fruit mineral contents during three consecutive growing seasons. The data obtained allowed for the identification of main QTL and novel epistatic interaction among QTL controlling fruit mineral contents on the basis of a multiple-environment analysis. Most of the QTL were flanked by candidate genes providing valuable information for both tomato breeding for new varieties with novel nutritional properties and the starting point to identify the genes underlying these QTL, which will help to reveal the genetic basis of tomato fruit nutritional properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Capel
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Agroalimentaria (BITAL), Universidad de Almería, 04120, Almería, Spain
| | - Fernando J Yuste-Lisbona
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Agroalimentaria (BITAL), Universidad de Almería, 04120, Almería, Spain
| | - Gloria López-Casado
- Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea La Mayora, Universidad de Málaga-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 29750, Algarrobo-Costa, Málaga, Spain
| | - Trinidad Angosto
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Agroalimentaria (BITAL), Universidad de Almería, 04120, Almería, Spain
| | - Antonio Heredia
- Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea La Mayora, Universidad de Málaga-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 29750, Algarrobo-Costa, Málaga, Spain
| | - Jesús Cuartero
- Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea La Mayora, Universidad de Málaga-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 29750, Algarrobo-Costa, Málaga, Spain
| | - Rafael Fernández-Muñoz
- Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea La Mayora, Universidad de Málaga-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 29750, Algarrobo-Costa, Málaga, Spain
| | - Rafael Lozano
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Agroalimentaria (BITAL), Universidad de Almería, 04120, Almería, Spain
| | - Juan Capel
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Agroalimentaria (BITAL), Universidad de Almería, 04120, Almería, Spain.
- Departamento de Biología y Geología (Genética), Edificio CITE II-B, Universidad de Almería, Carretera de Sacramento s/n, 04120, Almería, Spain.
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Dana S, Herdean A, Lundin B, Spetea C. Each of the chloroplast potassium efflux antiporters affects photosynthesis and growth of fully developed Arabidopsis rosettes under short-day photoperiod. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2016; 158:483-491. [PMID: 27080934 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Revised: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/12/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In Arabidopsis thaliana, the chloroplast harbors three potassium efflux antiporters (KEAs), namely KEA1 and KEA2 in the inner envelope and KEA3 in the thylakoid membrane. They may play redundant physiological roles as in our previous analyses of young developing Arabidopsis rosettes under long-day photoperiod (16 h light per day), chloroplast kea single mutants resembled the wild-type plants, whereas kea1kea2 and kea1kea2kea3 mutants were impaired in chloroplast development and photosynthesis resulting in stunted growth. Here, we aimed to study whether chloroplast KEAs play redundant roles in chloroplast function of older Arabidopsis plants with fully developed rosettes grown under short-day photoperiod (8 h light per day). Under these conditions, we found defects in photosynthesis and growth in the chloroplast kea single mutants, and most dramatic defects in the kea1kea2 double mutant. The mechanism behind these defects in the single mutants involves reduction in the electron transport rate (kea1 and kea3), and stomata conductance (kea1, kea2 and kea3), which in turn affect CO2 fixation rates. The kea1kea2 mutant, in addition to these alterations, displayed reduced levels of photosynthetic machinery. Taken together, our data suggest that, in addition to the previously reported roles in chloroplast development in young rosettes, each chloroplast KEA affects photosynthesis and growth of Arabidopsis fully developed rosettes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somnath Dana
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg 40530, Sweden
| | - Andrei Herdean
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg 40530, Sweden
| | - Björn Lundin
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg 40530, Sweden
| | - Cornelia Spetea
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg 40530, Sweden
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Zhou H, Qi K, Liu X, Yin H, Wang P, Chen J, Wu J, Zhang S. Genome-wide identification and comparative analysis of the cation proton antiporters family in pear and four other Rosaceae species. Mol Genet Genomics 2016; 291:1727-42. [DOI: 10.1007/s00438-016-1215-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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35
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Wang L, Wu X, Liu Y, Qiu QS. AtNHX5 and AtNHX6 Control Cellular K+ and pH Homeostasis in Arabidopsis: Three Conserved Acidic Residues Are Essential for K+ Transport. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0144716. [PMID: 26650539 PMCID: PMC4674129 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0144716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
AtNHX5 and AtNHX6, the endosomal Na+,K+/H+ antiporters in Arabidopsis, play an important role in plant growth and development. However, their function in K+ and pH homeostasis remains unclear. In this report, we characterized the function of AtNHX5 and AtNHX6 in K+ and H+ homeostasis in Arabidopsis. Using a yeast expression system, we found that AtNHX5 and AtNHX6 recovered tolerance to high K+ or salt. We further found that AtNHX5 and AtNHX6 functioned at high K+ at acidic pH while AtCHXs at low K+ under alkaline conditions. In addition, we showed that the nhx5 nhx6 double mutant contained less K+ and was sensitive to low K+ treatment. Overexpression of AtNHX5 or AtNHX6 gene in nhx5 nhx6 recovered root growth to the wild-type level. Three conserved acidic residues, D164, E188, and D193 in AtNHX5 and D165, E189, and D194 in AtNHX6, were essential for K+ homeostasis and plant growth. nhx5 nhx6 had a reduced vacuolar and cellular pH as measured with the fluorescent pH indicator BCECF or semimicroelectrode. We further show that AtNHX5 and AtNHX6 are localized to Golgi and TGN. Taken together, AtNHX5 and AtNHX6 play an important role in K+ and pH homeostasis in Arabidopsis. Three conserved acidic residues are essential for K+ transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liguang Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China, 73000
| | - Xuexia Wu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China, 73000
| | - Yafen Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China, 73000
| | - Quan-Sheng Qiu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China, 73000
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Ion antiport accelerates photosynthetic acclimation in fluctuating light environments. Nat Commun 2014; 5:5439. [PMID: 25451040 PMCID: PMC4243252 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms6439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2014] [Accepted: 10/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Many photosynthetic organisms globally, including crops, forests and algae, must grow in environments where the availability of light energy fluctuates dramatically. How photosynthesis maintains high efficiency despite such fluctuations in its energy source remains poorly understood. Here we show that Arabidopsis thaliana K+ efflux antiporter (KEA3) is critical for high photosynthetic efficiency under fluctuating light. On a shift from dark to low light, or high to low light, kea3 mutants show prolonged dissipation of absorbed light energy as heat. KEA3 localizes to the thylakoid membrane, and allows proton efflux from the thylakoid lumen by proton/potassium antiport. KEA3’s activity accelerates the downregulation of pH-dependent energy dissipation after transitions to low light, leading to faster recovery of high photosystem II quantum efficiency and increased CO2 assimilation. Our results reveal a mechanism that increases the efficiency of photosynthesis under fluctuating light. Plants must respond rapidly to unpredictable variations in light intensity to maximize photosynthetic efficiency. Here Armbruster et al. identify a potassium antiporter that is critical for accelerating proton fluxes across thylakoid membranes and minimizing energy loss in fluctuating light conditions.
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