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Majeau A, Dumonteil E, Herrera C. Identification of highly conserved Trypanosoma cruzi antigens for the development of a universal serological diagnostic assay. Emerg Microbes Infect 2024; 13:2315964. [PMID: 38381980 PMCID: PMC10883094 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2024.2315964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Chagas Disease is an important neglected tropical disease caused by Trypanosoma cruzi. There is no gold standard for diagnosis and commercial serological tests perform poorly in certain locations. By aligning T. cruzi genomes covering parasite genetic and geographic diversity, we identified highly conserved proteins that could serve as universal antigens for improved diagnosis. Their antigenicity was tested in high-density peptide microarrays using well-characterized plasma samples, including samples presenting true infections but discordant serology. Individual and combination of epitopes were also evaluated in peptide-ELISAs. We identified >1400 highly conserved T. cruzi proteins evaluated in microarrays. Remarkably, T. cruzi positive controls had a different epitope recognition profile compared to serologically discordant samples. In particular, multiple T. cruzi antigens used in current tests and their strain-variants, and novel epitopes thought to be broadly antigenic failed to be recognized by discordant samples. Nonetheless, >2000 epitopes specifically recognized by IgGs from both positive controls and discordant samples were identified. Evaluation of selected peptides in ELISA further illustrated the extensive variation in antibody profiles among subjects and a peptide combination could outperform a commercial ELISA, increasing assay sensitivity from 52.3% to 72.7%. Individual variation in antibody profiles rather than T. cruzi diversity appears to be the main factor driving differences in serological diagnostic performance according to geography, which will be important to further elucidate. ELISA with a combination of peptides recognized by a greater number of individuals could better capture infections, and further development may lead to an optimal antigen mixture for a universal diagnostic assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Majeau
- Department of Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, and Vector-Borne and Infectious Disease Research Center, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Eric Dumonteil
- Department of Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, and Vector-Borne and Infectious Disease Research Center, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Claudia Herrera
- Department of Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, and Vector-Borne and Infectious Disease Research Center, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
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2
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Zhou X, Zhang Q, Chen JH, Dai JF, Kassegne K. Revisiting the antigen markers of vector-borne parasitic diseases identified by immunomics: identification and application to disease control. Expert Rev Proteomics 2024; 21:205-216. [PMID: 38584506 DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2024.2336994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Protein microarray is a promising immunomic approach for identifying biomarkers. Based on our previous study that reviewed parasite antigens and recent parasitic omics research, this article expands to include information on vector-borne parasitic diseases (VBPDs), namely, malaria, schistosomiasis, leishmaniasis, babesiosis, trypanosomiasis, lymphatic filariasis, and onchocerciasis. AREAS COVERED We revisit and systematically summarize antigen markers of vector-borne parasites identified by the immunomic approach and discuss the latest advances in identifying antigens for the rational development of diagnostics and vaccines. The applications and challenges of this approach for VBPD control are also discussed. EXPERT OPINION The immunomic approach has enabled the identification and/or validation of antigen markers for vaccine development, diagnosis, disease surveillance, and treatment. However, this approach presents several challenges, including limited sample size, variability in antigen expression, false-positive results, complexity of omics data, validation and reproducibility, and heterogeneity of diseases. In addition, antigen involvement in host immune evasion and antigen sensitivity/specificity are major issues in its application. Despite these limitations, this approach remains promising for controlling VBPD. Advances in technology and data analysis methods should continue to improve candidate antigen identification, as well as the use of a multiantigen approach in diagnostic and vaccine development for VBPD control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Zhou
- MOE Key Laboratory of Geriatric Diseases and Immunology, School of Biology & Basic Medical Science, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Qianqian Zhang
- Institute of Biology and Medical Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jun-Hu Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Diseases Control and Prevention (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research); National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China (NHC) Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology; World Health Organization (WHO) Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases; National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- Hainan Tropical Diseases Research Center (Hainan Sub-Center, Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research), Haikou, China
| | - Jian-Feng Dai
- Institute of Biology and Medical Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Kokouvi Kassegne
- School of Global Health, Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- One Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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3
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Momoh EO, Ghag SK, White J, Mudeppa DG, Rathod PK. Multiplex Assays for Analysis of Antibody Responses to South Asian Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax Malaria Infections. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 12:1. [PMID: 38276660 PMCID: PMC10818873 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Malaria remains a major global health challenge, causing over 0.6 million yearly deaths. To understand naturally acquired immunity in adult human populations in malaria-prevalent regions, improved serological tools are needed, particularly where multiple malaria parasite species co-exist. Slide-based and bead-based multiplex approaches can help characterize antibodies in malaria patients from endemic regions, but these require pure, well-defined antigens. To efficiently bypass purification steps, codon-optimized malaria antigen genes with N-terminal FLAG-tag and C-terminal Ctag sequences were expressed in a wheat germ cell-free system and adsorbed on functionalized BioPlex beads. In a pilot study, 15 P. falciparum antigens, 8 P. vivax antigens, and a negative control (GFP) were adsorbed individually on functionalized bead types through their Ctag. To validate the multiplexing powers of this platform, 10 P. falciparum-infected patient sera from a US NIH MESA-ICEMR study site in Goa, India, were tested against all 23 parasite antigens. Serial dilution of patient sera revealed variations in potency and breadth of antibodies to various parasite antigens. Individual patients revealed informative variations in immunity to P. falciparum versus P. vivax. This multiplex approach to malaria serology captures varying immunity to different human malaria parasite species and different parasite antigens. This approach can be scaled to track the dynamics of antibody production during one or more human malaria infections.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Devaraja G. Mudeppa
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; (E.O.M.); (S.K.G.); (J.W.)
| | - Pradipsinh K. Rathod
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; (E.O.M.); (S.K.G.); (J.W.)
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4
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Furtado R, Paul M, Zhang J, Sung J, Karell P, Kim RS, Caillat-Zucman S, Liang L, Felgner P, Bauleni A, Gama S, Buchwald A, Taylor T, Seydel K, Laufer M, Delahaye F, Daily JP, Lauvau G. Cytolytic circumsporozoite-specific memory CD4 + T cell clones are expanded during Plasmodium falciparum infection. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7726. [PMID: 38001069 PMCID: PMC10673885 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43376-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Clinical immunity against Plasmodium falciparum infection develops in residents of malaria endemic regions, manifesting in reduced clinical symptoms during infection and in protection against severe disease but the mechanisms are not fully understood. Here, we compare the cellular and humoral immune response of clinically immune (0-1 episode over 18 months) and susceptible (at least 3 episodes) during a mild episode of Pf malaria infection in a malaria endemic region of Malawi, by analysing peripheral blood samples using high dimensional mass cytometry (CyTOF), spectral flow cytometry and single-cell transcriptomic analyses. In the clinically immune, we find increased proportions of circulating follicular helper T cells and classical monocytes, while the humoral immune response shows characteristic age-related differences in the protected. Presence of memory CD4+ T cell clones with a strong cytolytic ZEB2+ T helper 1 effector signature, sharing identical T cell receptor clonotypes and recognizing the Pf-derived circumsporozoite protein (CSP) antigen are found in the blood of the Pf-infected participants gaining protection. Moreover, in clinically protected participants, ZEB2+ memory CD4+ T cells express lower level of inhibitory and chemotactic receptors. We thus propose that clonally expanded ZEB2+ CSP-specific cytolytic memory CD4+ Th1 cells may contribute to clinical immunity against the sporozoite and liver-stage Pf malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Furtado
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, 10461, USA
- RF: BioNTech US, 40 Erie Street, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Mahinder Paul
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, 10461, USA
| | - Jinghang Zhang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, 10461, USA
| | - Joowhan Sung
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, 10461, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Paul Karell
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, 10461, USA
| | - Ryung S Kim
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, 10461, USA
| | - Sophie Caillat-Zucman
- Université de Paris, AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Laboratoire d'Immunologie et Histocompatiblité, INSERM UMR976, 75010, Paris, France
| | - Li Liang
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Philip Felgner
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Andy Bauleni
- Malaria Alert Centre, Kamuzu University of Health Sciences, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Syze Gama
- Blantyre Malaria Project, Kamuzu University of Health Sciences, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Andrea Buchwald
- Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Terrie Taylor
- Blantyre Malaria Project, Kamuzu University of Health Sciences, Blantyre, Malawi
- Department of Osteopathic Medical Specialties, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Karl Seydel
- Blantyre Malaria Project, Kamuzu University of Health Sciences, Blantyre, Malawi
- Department of Osteopathic Medical Specialties, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Miriam Laufer
- Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Fabien Delahaye
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, 10461, USA
- FD: Precision Oncology, Sanofi, Vitry sur Seine, France
| | - Johanna P Daily
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, 10461, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, 10461, USA.
| | - Grégoire Lauvau
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, 10461, USA.
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5
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Raghavan M, Kalantar KL, Duarte E, Teyssier N, Takahashi S, Kung AF, Rajan JV, Rek J, Tetteh KKA, Drakeley C, Ssewanyana I, Rodriguez-Barraquer I, Greenhouse B, DeRisi JL. Antibodies to repeat-containing antigens in Plasmodium falciparum are exposure-dependent and short-lived in children in natural malaria infections. eLife 2023; 12:e81401. [PMID: 36790168 PMCID: PMC10005774 DOI: 10.7554/elife.81401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Protection against Plasmodium falciparum, which is primarily antibody-mediated, requires recurrent exposure to develop. The study of both naturally acquired limited immunity and vaccine induced protection against malaria remains critical for ongoing eradication efforts. Towards this goal, we deployed a customized P. falciparum PhIP-seq T7 phage display library containing 238,068 tiled 62-amino acid peptides, covering all known coding regions, including antigenic variants, to systematically profile antibody targets in 198 Ugandan children and adults from high and moderate transmission settings. Repeat elements - short amino acid sequences repeated within a protein - were significantly enriched in antibody targets. While breadth of responses to repeat-containing peptides was twofold higher in children living in the high versus moderate exposure setting, no such differences were observed for peptides without repeats, suggesting that antibody responses to repeat-containing regions may be more exposure dependent and/or less durable in children than responses to regions without repeats. Additionally, short motifs associated with seroreactivity were extensively shared among hundreds of antigens, potentially representing cross-reactive epitopes. PfEMP1 shared motifs with the greatest number of other antigens, partly driven by the diversity of PfEMP1 sequences. These data suggest that the large number of repeat elements and potential cross-reactive epitopes found within antigenic regions of P. falciparum could contribute to the inefficient nature of malaria immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhura Raghavan
- University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | | | - Elias Duarte
- University of California, BerkeleyBerkeleyUnited States
| | - Noam Teyssier
- University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Saki Takahashi
- University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Andrew F Kung
- University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Jayant V Rajan
- University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - John Rek
- Infectious Diseases Research CollaborationKampalaUganda
| | - Kevin KA Tetteh
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical MedicineLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Chris Drakeley
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical MedicineLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Isaac Ssewanyana
- Infectious Diseases Research CollaborationKampalaUganda
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical MedicineLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Isabel Rodriguez-Barraquer
- University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
- Chan Zuckerberg BiohubSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Bryan Greenhouse
- University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
- Chan Zuckerberg BiohubSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Joseph L DeRisi
- University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
- Chan Zuckerberg BiohubSan FranciscoUnited States
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6
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Qi H, Xue JB, Lai DY, Li A, Tao SC. Current advances in antibody-based serum biomarker studies: From protein microarray to phage display. Proteomics Clin Appl 2022; 16:e2100098. [PMID: 36071670 DOI: 10.1002/prca.202100098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This review aims to summarize the technological advances in the field of antibody-based biomarker studies by proteome microarray and phage display. In addition, the possible development directions of this field are also discussed. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We have focused on the antibody profiling by proteome microarray and phage display, including the technological advances, the tools/resources constructed, and the characteristics of both platforms. RESULTS With the help of tools/resources and technological advances in proteome microarray and phage display, the efficiency of profiling antibody-based biomarkers in serum samples has been greatly improved. CONCLUSIONS In the past few years, proteome microarray and phage display, especially the latter one, have already demonstrated their capacity and efficiency for biomarker identification. In the near future, we believe that more antibody-based biomarkers could be identified, and some of them could eventually be developed into real clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Qi
- Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun-Biao Xue
- Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dan-Yun Lai
- Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ang Li
- College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Sheng-Ce Tao
- Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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7
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Chakrabarti R, Chery-Karschney L, White J, Mascarenhas A, Skillman KM, Kanjee U, Babar PH, Patrapuvich R, Mohapatra PK, Patankar S, Smith JD, Anvikar A, Valecha N, Rahi M, Duraisingh MT, Rathod PK. Diverse Malaria Presentations across National Institutes of Health South Asia International Center for Excellence in Malaria Research Sites in India. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2022; 107:107-117. [PMID: 36228910 PMCID: PMC9662227 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.21-1344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
The Malaria Evolution in South Asia (MESA) International Center for Excellence in Malaria Research (ICEMR) was established by the US National Institutes of Health (US NIH) as one of 10 malaria research centers in endemic countries. In 10 years of hospital-based and field-based work in India, the MESA-ICEMR has documented the changing epidemiology and transmission of malaria in four different parts of India. Malaria Evolution in South Asia-ICEMR activities, in collaboration with Indian partners, are carried out in the broad thematic areas of malaria case surveillance, vector biology and transmission, antimalarial resistance, pathogenesis, and host response. The program integrates insights from surveillance and field studies with novel basic science studies. This is a two-pronged approach determining the biology behind the disease patterns seen in the field, and generating new relevant biological questions about malaria to be tested in the field. Malaria Evolution in South Asia-ICEMR activities inform local and international stakeholders on the current status of malaria transmission in select parts of South Asia including updates on regional vectors of transmission of local parasites. The community surveys and new laboratory tools help monitor ongoing efforts to control and eliminate malaria in key regions of South Asia including the state of evolving antimalarial resistance in different parts of India, new host biomarkers of recent infection, and molecular markers of pathogenesis from uncomplicated and severe malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rimi Chakrabarti
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
- Department of Medicine, Goa Medical College and Hospital, Bambolim, Goa, India
| | | | - John White
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Anjali Mascarenhas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
- Department of Medicine, Goa Medical College and Hospital, Bambolim, Goa, India
| | - Kristen M. Skillman
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Usheer Kanjee
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Prasad H. Babar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
- Department of Medicine, Goa Medical College and Hospital, Bambolim, Goa, India
| | - Rapatbhorn Patrapuvich
- Drug Research Unit for Malaria (DRUM), Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Swati Patankar
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, IIT Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, India
| | | | - Anup Anvikar
- National Institute of Biologicals, Noida, UP, India
| | - Neena Valecha
- National Institute of Malaria Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Manju Rahi
- Division of Epidemiology and Communicable Disease, Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Manoj T. Duraisingh
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
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8
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Bérubé S, Kobayashi T, Wesolowski A, Norris DE, Ruczinski I, Moss WJ, Louis TA. A pre-processing pipeline to quantify, visualize, and reduce technical variation in protein microarray studies. Proteomics 2021; 22:e2100033. [PMID: 34668656 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.202100033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Technical variation, or variation from non-biological sources, is present in most laboratory assays. Correcting for this variation enables analysts to extract a biological signal that informs questions of interest. However, each assay has different sources and levels of technical variation, and the choice of correction methods can impact downstream analyses. Compared to similar assays such as DNA microarrays, relatively few methods have been developed and evaluated for protein microarrays, a versatile tool for measuring levels of various proteins in serum samples. Here, we propose a pre-processing pipeline to correct for some common sources of technical variation in protein microarrays. The pipeline builds upon an existing normalization method by using controls to reduce technical variation. We evaluate our method using data from two protein microarray studies and by simulation. We demonstrate that pre-processing choices impact the fluorescent-intensity based ranks of proteins, which in turn, impact downstream analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Bérubé
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg, School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Tamaki Kobayashi
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg, School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Amy Wesolowski
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg, School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Douglas E Norris
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg, School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ingo Ruczinski
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg, School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - William J Moss
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg, School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.,W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg, School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Thomas A Louis
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg, School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
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9
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Nagaoka H, Kanoi BN, Morita M, Nakata T, Palacpac NMQ, Egwang TG, Horii T, Tsuboi T, Takashima E. Characterization of a Plasmodium falciparum PHISTc protein, PF3D7_0801000, in blood- stage malaria parasites. Parasitol Int 2020; 80:102240. [PMID: 33147497 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2020.102240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
During intraerythrocytic development Plasmodium falciparum deploys numerous proteins to support erythrocyte invasion, intracellular growth and development, as well as host immune evasion. Since these proteins are key for parasite intraerythrocytic survival and propagation, they represent attractive targets for antimalarial vaccines. In this study we sought to characterize a member of the PHISTc family of proteins, PF3D7_0801000, as a potential vaccine target. Using the wheat germ cell-free system we expressed the N-terminal region of PF3D7_0801000 (G93-L494, PF3D7_0801000N) and generated specific immune sera. We observed that PF3D7_0801000 localizes in merozoites, and antibodies against PF3D7_0801000N modestly inhibit P. falciparum parasite growth in in vitro culture. Sliding window analysis of the coding sequence revealed that pf3d7_0801000n is relatively conserved among African parasite isolates. Antibody profiles in a malaria-exposed Ugandan population revealed that PF3D7_0801000N is strongly immunoreactive with antibody acquisition increasing with age. Taken together, these findings suggest the need for further evaluation of PF3D7_0801000 for its role in merozoite invasion and utility as an asexual blood-stage vaccine candidate antigen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hikaru Nagaoka
- Division of Malaria Research, Proteo-Science Center, Ehime University, 3 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8577, Japan
| | - Bernard N Kanoi
- Division of Malaria Research, Proteo-Science Center, Ehime University, 3 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8577, Japan
| | - Masayuki Morita
- Division of Malaria Research, Proteo-Science Center, Ehime University, 3 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8577, Japan
| | - Takahiro Nakata
- Division of Malaria Research, Proteo-Science Center, Ehime University, 3 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8577, Japan
| | - Nirianne M Q Palacpac
- Department of Malaria Vaccine Development, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan
| | | | - Toshihiro Horii
- Department of Malaria Vaccine Development, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan
| | - Takafumi Tsuboi
- Division of Malaria Research, Proteo-Science Center, Ehime University, 3 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8577, Japan
| | - Eizo Takashima
- Division of Malaria Research, Proteo-Science Center, Ehime University, 3 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8577, Japan.
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10
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Eisenhut M. The Identification of Native Epitopes Eliciting a Protective High-Affinity Immunoglobulin Subclass Response to Blood Stages of Plasmodium falciparum: Protocol for Observational Studies. JMIR Res Protoc 2020; 9:e15690. [PMID: 32706743 PMCID: PMC7395252 DOI: 10.2196/15690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Antibodies to blood stages protective against complications of Plasmodium falciparum infection were found to be of immunoglobulin G 1 (IgG1) and IgG3 subclasses and of high affinity to the target epitopes. These target epitopes cannot be characterized using recombinant antigens because of a lack of appropriate glycosylation, phosphorylation, methylation, and bisulfide bond formation, which determine the structure of conformational and nonlinear epitopes within the tertiary and quaternary structures of native P. falciparum antigens. Objective This study aims to develop a method for the comprehensive detection of all P. falciparum schizont antigens, eliciting a protective immune response. Methods Purified parasitophorous vacuole membrane–enclosed merozoite structures (PEMSs) containing native schizont antigens are initially generated, separated by two-dimensional (2D) gel electrophoresis and blotted onto nitrocellulose. Antigens eliciting a protective antibody response are visualized by incubation with sera from patients with clinical immunity. This is followed by the elution of low-affinity antibodies with urea and detection of protective antibody responses by incubation with anti-IgG1 and anti-IgG3 antibodies, which were conjugated to horseradish peroxidase. This is followed by visualization with a color reaction. Blot signals are normalized by relating to the intensity of blot staining with a reference antibody and housekeeping antigens. Results are corrected for intensity of exposure by the relation of antibody responses to global P. falciparum antibody titers. Antigens eliciting the protective responses are identified as immunorelevant from the comparison of spot positions, indicating high-affinity IgG1 or IgG3 responses on the western blot, which is unique to or consistently more intensive in clinically immune individuals compared with nonimmune individuals. The results obtained are validated by using affinity chromatography. Results Another group previously applied 2D western blotting to analyze antibody responses to P. falciparum. The sera of patients allowed the detection of 42 antigenic spots on the 2D immunoblot. The spots detected were excised and subjected to mass spectrometry for identification. A total of 19 protein spots were successfully identified and corresponded to 13 distinct proteins. Another group used immunoaffinity chromatography to identify antigens bound by IgGs produced by mice with enhanced immunity to Plasmodium yoelii. Immunorelevant antigens were isolated and identified by immobilizing immunoglobulin from immune mice to a Sephadex column and then passing a blood-stage antigen mixture through the column followed by the elution of specific bound antigens with sodium deoxycholate and the identification of those antigens by western blotting with specific antibodies. Conclusions 2D western blotting using native antigens has the potential to identify antibody responses selective for specific defined isomeric forms of the same protein, including isoforms (protein species) generated by posttranscriptional modifications such as phosphorylation, glycosylation, and methylation. The process involved in 2D western blotting enables highly sensitive detection, high resolution, and preservation of antibody responses during blotting. Validation by immunoaffinity chromatography can compensate for the antigen loss associated with the blotting process. It has the potential for indirect quantification of protective antibody responses by enabling quantification of the amount of eluted antibody bound antigens through mass spectrometry. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) PRR1-10.2196/15690
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Eisenhut
- Luton&Dunstable University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Luton, United Kingdom
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11
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Azcárate IG, Marín-García P, Abad P, Pérez-Benavente S, Paz-Artal E, Reche PA, Fobil JN, Rubio JM, Diez A, Puyet A, Bautista JM. Plasmodium falciparum immunodominant IgG epitopes in subclinical malaria. Sci Rep 2020; 10:9398. [PMID: 32523082 PMCID: PMC7287129 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-66384-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Incomplete non-sterile immunity to malaria is attained in endemic regions after recurrent infections by a large percentage of the adult population, who carry the malaria parasite asymptomatically. Although blood-stage Plasmodium falciparum rapidly elicits IgG responses, the target antigens of partially protective and non-protective IgG antibodies as well as the basis for the acquisition of these antibodies remain largely unknown. We performed IgG-immunomics to screen for P. falciparum antigens and to identify epitopes associated with exposure and clinical disease. Sera from malaria cases identified five prevalent antigens recognized by all analyzed patients' IgGs. Epitope mapping of them, using adult and children sera samples from an endemic malaria region in Ghana segregated into patients with positive or negative subclinical detection of P. falciparum, revealed binding specificity for two 20-mer immunodominant antigenic regions within the START-related lipid transfer protein and the protein disulfide isomerase PDI8. These 20-mer epitopes challenged with sera samples from children under 5 years old displayed specific IgG binding in those with detectable parasitemia, even at subclinical level. These results suggest that humoral response against START and PDI8 antigens may be triggered at submicroscopic parasitemia levels in children and may eventually be used to differentially diagnose subclinical malaria in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel G Azcárate
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre (Imas12), Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain.,Isabel G. Azcárate, Faculty of Health Sciences, Rey Juan Carlos University, Alcorcón, 28922, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Paloma Abad
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre (Imas12), Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Susana Pérez-Benavente
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre (Imas12), Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Estela Paz-Artal
- Immunodeficiency and Transplant Immunology Unit, Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre (Imas12), 28041, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pedro A Reche
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and ORL, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Julius N Fobil
- Department of Biological, Environmental & Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG 13, Legon, Ghana
| | - José M Rubio
- Malaria & Emerging Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, National Centre of Microbiology. Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28220, Majadahonda, Spain
| | - Amalia Diez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre (Imas12), Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Puyet
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre (Imas12), Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
| | - José M Bautista
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre (Imas12), Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
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12
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Greenhouse B, Smith DL, Rodríguez-Barraquer I, Mueller I, Drakeley CJ. Taking Sharper Pictures of Malaria with CAMERAs: Combined Antibodies to Measure Exposure Recency Assays. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2019; 99:1120-1127. [PMID: 30298804 PMCID: PMC6221205 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.18-0303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibodies directed against malaria parasites are easy and inexpensive to measure but remain an underused surveillance tool because of a lack of consensus on what to measure and how to interpret results. High-throughput screening of antibodies from well-characterized cohorts offers a means to substantially improve existing assays by rationally choosing the most informative sets of responses and analytical methods. Recent data suggest that high-resolution information on malaria exposure can be obtained from a small number of samples by measuring a handful of properly chosen antibody responses. In this review, we discuss how standardized multi-antibody assays can be developed and efficiently integrated into existing surveillance activities, with potential to greatly augment the breadth and quality of information available to direct and monitor malaria control and elimination efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan Greenhouse
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California.,Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, California
| | - David L Smith
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | | | - Ivo Mueller
- Institute Pasteur, Paris, France.,Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia
| | - Chris J Drakeley
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
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13
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Venkatesh A, Jain A, Davies H, Periera L, Maki JN, Gomes E, Felgner PL, Srivastava S, Patankar S, Rathod PK. Hospital-derived antibody profiles of malaria patients in Southwest India. Malar J 2019; 18:138. [PMID: 30995911 PMCID: PMC6472095 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-019-2771-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Naturally acquired immunity to malaria across the globe varies in intensity and protective powers. Many of the studies on immunity are from hyperendemic regions of Africa. In Asia, particularly in India, there are unique opportunities for exploring and understanding malaria immunity relative to host age, co-occurrence of Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax infections, varying travel history, and varying disease severity. Variation in immunity in hospital settings is particularly understudied. Methods A US NIH ICEMR (South Asia) team examined the level of immunity in an Indian malaria patient population visiting or admitted to Goa Medical College and Hospital in Goa, India. Sera from 200 patients of different ages, in different seasons, infected with P. falciparum or P. vivax or both species, and with different clinical severity were applied to an established protein array system with over 1000 P. falciparum and P. vivax antigens. Differential binding of patient IgG to different antigens was measured. Results Even though Goa itself has much more P. vivax than P. falciparum, IgG reactivity towards P. falciparum antigens was very strong and comparable to that seen in regions of the world with high P. falciparum endemicity. Of 248 seropositive P. falciparum antigens, the strongest were VAR, MSP10, HSP70, PTP5, AP2, AMA1, and SYN6. In P. vivax patients, ETRAMPs, MSPs, and ApiAP2, sexual stage antigen s16, RON3 were the strongest IgG binders. Both P. falciparum and P. vivax patients also revealed strong binding to new antigens with unknown functions. Seropositives showed antigens unique to the young (HSP40, ACS6, GCVH) or to non-severe malaria (MSP3.8 and PHIST). Conclusion Seroreactivity at a major hospital in Southwest India reveals antibody responses to P. falciparum and P. vivax in a low malaria transmission region with much migration. In addition to markers of transmission, the data points to specific leads for possible protective immunity against severe disease. Several, but not all, key antigens overlap with work from different settings around the globe and from other parts of India. Together, these studies confidently help define antigens with the greatest potential chance of universal application for surveillance and possibly for disease protection, in many different parts of India and the world. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12936-019-2771-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apoorva Venkatesh
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
| | - Aarti Jain
- Vaccine R&D Center, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Huw Davies
- Vaccine R&D Center, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Ligia Periera
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Jennifer N Maki
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Edwin Gomes
- Department of Medicine, Goa Medical College and Hospital, Bambolim, Goa, 403202, India
| | - Philip L Felgner
- Vaccine R&D Center, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Sanjeeva Srivastava
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
| | - Swati Patankar
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
| | - Pradipsinh K Rathod
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
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14
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Jaenisch T, Heiss K, Fischer N, Geiger C, Bischoff FR, Moldenhauer G, Rychlewski L, Sié A, Coulibaly B, Seeberger PH, Wyrwicz LS, Breitling F, Loeffler FF. High-density Peptide Arrays Help to Identify Linear Immunogenic B-cell Epitopes in Individuals Naturally Exposed to Malaria Infection. Mol Cell Proteomics 2019; 18:642-656. [PMID: 30630936 PMCID: PMC6442360 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.ra118.000992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
High-density peptide arrays are an excellent means to profile anti-plasmodial antibody responses. Different protein intrinsic epitopes can be distinguished, and additional insights are gained, when compared with assays involving the full-length protein. Distinct reactivities to specific epitopes within one protein may explain differences in published results, regarding immunity or susceptibility to malaria. We pursued three approaches to find specific epitopes within important plasmodial proteins, (1) twelve leading vaccine candidates were mapped as overlapping 15-mer peptides, (2) a bioinformatical approach served to predict immunogenic malaria epitopes which were subsequently validated in the assay, and (3) randomly selected peptides from the malaria proteome were screened as a control. Several peptide array replicas were prepared, employing particle-based laser printing, and were used to screen 27 serum samples from a malaria-endemic area in Burkina Faso, West Africa. The immunological status of the individuals was classified as "protected" or "unprotected" based on clinical symptoms, parasite density, and age. The vaccine candidate screening approach resulted in significant hits in all twelve proteins and allowed us (1) to verify many known immunogenic structures, (2) to map B-cell epitopes across the entire sequence of each antigen and (3) to uncover novel immunogenic epitopes. Predicting immunogenic regions in the proteome of the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum, via the bioinformatics approach and subsequent array screening, confirmed known immunogenic sequences, such as in the leading malaria vaccine candidate CSP and discovered immunogenic epitopes derived from hypothetical or unknown proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Jaenisch
- From the ‡Center for Infectious Diseases, Parasitology Unit, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 324, D 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;; §German Center for Infectious Disease Research, Heidelberg (DZIF);; ¶HEiKA - Heidelberg Karlsruhe Research Partnership, Heidelberg University, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Germany;.
| | - Kirsten Heiss
- From the ‡Center for Infectious Diseases, Parasitology Unit, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 324, D 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;; §German Center for Infectious Disease Research, Heidelberg (DZIF)
| | - Nico Fischer
- From the ‡Center for Infectious Diseases, Parasitology Unit, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 324, D 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;; §German Center for Infectious Disease Research, Heidelberg (DZIF);; ¶HEiKA - Heidelberg Karlsruhe Research Partnership, Heidelberg University, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Germany
| | - Carolin Geiger
- From the ‡Center for Infectious Diseases, Parasitology Unit, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 324, D 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;; §German Center for Infectious Disease Research, Heidelberg (DZIF)
| | - F Ralf Bischoff
- ‖German Cancer Research Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, D 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gerhard Moldenhauer
- ‖German Cancer Research Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, D 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Leszek Rychlewski
- BioInfoBank Institute, Św. Marcin 80/82 lok. 355, 61-809 Poznań, Poland
| | - Ali Sié
- Centre de Recherche en Santé de Nouna, BP 02 Nouna, Rue Namory Keita, Burkina Faso
| | - Boubacar Coulibaly
- Centre de Recherche en Santé de Nouna, BP 02 Nouna, Rue Namory Keita, Burkina Faso
| | - Peter H Seeberger
- §§Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, D 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Lucjan S Wyrwicz
- Department of Oncology and Radiotherapy, M Sklodowska Curie Memorial Cancer Center, Wawelska 15, 02-034 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Frank Breitling
- ‖‖Institute of Microstructure Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Germany Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, D 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Felix F Loeffler
- ¶HEiKA - Heidelberg Karlsruhe Research Partnership, Heidelberg University, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Germany;; §§Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, D 14476 Potsdam, Germany;.
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15
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Kobayashi T, Jain A, Liang L, Obiero JM, Hamapumbu H, Stevenson JC, Thuma PE, Lupiya J, Chaponda M, Mulenga M, Mamini E, Mharakurwa S, Gwanzura L, Munyati S, Mutambu S, Felgner P, Davies DH, Moss WJ. Distinct Antibody Signatures Associated with Different Malaria Transmission Intensities in Zambia and Zimbabwe. mSphere 2019; 4:e00061-19. [PMID: 30918058 PMCID: PMC6437277 DOI: 10.1128/mspheredirect.00061-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibodies to Plasmodium falciparum are specific biomarkers that can be used to monitor parasite exposure over broader time frames than microscopy, rapid diagnostic tests, or molecular assays. Consequently, seroprevalence surveys can assist with monitoring the impact of malaria control interventions, particularly in the final stages of elimination, when parasite incidence is low. The protein array format to measure antibodies to diverse P. falciparum antigens requires only small sample volumes and is high throughput, permitting the monitoring of malaria transmission on large spatial and temporal scales. We expanded the use of a protein microarray to assess malaria transmission in settings beyond those with a low malaria incidence. Antibody responses in children and adults were profiled, using a P. falciparum protein microarray, through community-based surveys in three areas in Zambia and Zimbabwe at different stages of malaria control and elimination. These three epidemiological settings had distinct serological profiles reflective of their malaria transmission histories. While there was little correlation between transmission intensity and antibody signals (magnitude or breadth) in adults, there was a clear correlation in children younger than 5 years of age. Antibodies in adults appeared to be durable even in the absence of significant recent transmission, whereas antibodies in children provided a more accurate picture of recent levels of transmission intensity. Seroprevalence studies in children could provide a valuable marker of progress toward malaria elimination.IMPORTANCE As malaria approaches elimination in many areas of the world, monitoring the effect of control measures becomes more important but challenging. Low-level infections may go undetected by conventional tests that depend on parasitemia, particularly in immune individuals, who typically show no symptoms of malaria. In contrast, antibodies persist after parasitemia and may provide a more accurate picture of recent exposure. Only a few parasite antigens-mainly vaccine candidates-have been evaluated in seroepidemiological studies. We examined antibody responses to 500 different malaria proteins in blood samples collected through community-based surveillance from areas with low, medium, and high malaria transmission intensities. The breadth of the antibody responses in adults was broad in all three settings and was a poor correlate of recent exposure. In contrast, children represented a better sentinel population for monitoring recent malaria transmission. These data will help inform the use of multiplex serology for malaria surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamaki Kobayashi
- Johns Hopkins Malaria Research Institute, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Aarti Jain
- Vaccine Research & Development Center, Department of Physiology & Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Li Liang
- Vaccine Research & Development Center, Department of Physiology & Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Joshua M Obiero
- Vaccine Research & Development Center, Department of Physiology & Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | | | - Jennifer C Stevenson
- Johns Hopkins Malaria Research Institute, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Macha Research Trust, Choma, Zambia
| | - Philip E Thuma
- Johns Hopkins Malaria Research Institute, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Macha Research Trust, Choma, Zambia
| | - James Lupiya
- Tropical Diseases Research Centre, Ndola, Zambia
| | | | | | - Edmore Mamini
- Biomedical Research and Training Institute, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | | | | | - Shungu Munyati
- Biomedical Research and Training Institute, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Susan Mutambu
- National Institute of Health Research, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Philip Felgner
- Vaccine Research & Development Center, Department of Physiology & Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - D Huw Davies
- Vaccine Research & Development Center, Department of Physiology & Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - William J Moss
- Johns Hopkins Malaria Research Institute, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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16
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Siau A, Huang X, Loh HP, Zhang N, Meng W, Sze SK, Renia L, Preiser P. Immunomic Identification of Malaria Antigens Associated With Protection in Mice. Mol Cell Proteomics 2019; 18:837-853. [PMID: 30718293 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.ra118.000997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Efforts to develop vaccines against malaria represent a major research target. The observations that 1) sterile protection can be obtained when the host is exposed to live parasites and 2) the immunity against blood stage parasite is principally mediated by protective antibodies suggest that a protective vaccine is feasible. However, only a small number of proteins have been investigated so far and most of the Plasmodium proteome has yet to be explored. To date, only few immunodominant antigens have emerged for testing in clinical trials but no formulation has led to substantial protection in humans. The nature of parasite molecules associated with protection remains elusive. Here, immunomic screening of mice immune sera with different protection efficiencies against the whole parasite proteome allowed us to identify a large repertoire of antigens validated by screening a library expressing antigens. The calculation of weighted scores reflecting the likelihood of protection of each antigen using five predictive criteria derived from immunomic and proteomic data sets, highlighted a priority list of protective antigens. Altogether, the approach sheds light on conserved antigens across Plasmodium that are amenable to targeting by the host immune system upon merozoite invasion and blood stage development. Most of these antigens have preliminary protection data but have not been widely considered as candidate for vaccine trials, opening new perspectives that overcome the limited choice of immunodominant, poorly protective vaccines currently being the focus of malaria vaccine researches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Siau
- From the ‡Nanyang Technological University, School of Biological Sciences, Singapore;.
| | - Ximei Huang
- From the ‡Nanyang Technological University, School of Biological Sciences, Singapore;; From the ‡Nanyang Technological University, School of Biological Sciences, Singapore
| | - Han Ping Loh
- From the ‡Nanyang Technological University, School of Biological Sciences, Singapore;; From the ‡Nanyang Technological University, School of Biological Sciences, Singapore
| | - Neng Zhang
- From the ‡Nanyang Technological University, School of Biological Sciences, Singapore
| | - Wei Meng
- From the ‡Nanyang Technological University, School of Biological Sciences, Singapore
| | - Siu Kwan Sze
- From the ‡Nanyang Technological University, School of Biological Sciences, Singapore
| | - Laurent Renia
- §Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), A*STAR, Biopolis, Singapore
| | - Peter Preiser
- From the ‡Nanyang Technological University, School of Biological Sciences, Singapore;.
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17
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van den Hoogen LL, Walk J, Oulton T, Reuling IJ, Reiling L, Beeson JG, Coppel RL, Singh SK, Draper SJ, Bousema T, Drakeley C, Sauerwein R, Tetteh KKA. Antibody Responses to Antigenic Targets of Recent Exposure Are Associated With Low-Density Parasitemia in Controlled Human Plasmodium falciparum Infections. Front Microbiol 2019; 9:3300. [PMID: 30700984 PMCID: PMC6343524 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.03300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The majority of malaria infections in low transmission settings remain undetectable by conventional diagnostics. A powerful model to identify antibody responses that allow accurate detection of recent exposure to low-density infections is controlled human malaria infection (CHMI) studies in which healthy volunteers are infected with the Plasmodium parasite. We aimed to evaluate antibody responses in malaria-naïve volunteers exposed to a single CHMI using a custom-made protein microarray. All participants developed a blood-stage infection with peak parasite densities up to 100 parasites/μl in the majority of participants (50/54), while the remaining four participants had peak densities between 100 and 200 parasites/μl. There was a strong correlation between parasite density and antibody responses associated with the most reactive blood-stage targets 1 month after CHMI (Etramp 5, GLURP-R2, MSP4 and MSP1-19; Spearman’s ρ = 0.82, p < 0.001). Most volunteers developed antibodies against a potential marker of recent exposure: Etramp 5 (37/45, 82%). Our findings justify validation in endemic populations to define a minimum set of antigens needed to detect exposure to natural low-density infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lotus L van den Hoogen
- Department of Immunology and Infection, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jona Walk
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Tate Oulton
- Department of Immunology and Infection, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Isaie J Reuling
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | | | - James G Beeson
- Burnet Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Ross L Coppel
- Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Susheel K Singh
- Department of Congenital Disorders, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of International Health, Immunology and Microbiology, Centre for Medical Parasitology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Simon J Draper
- Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Teun Bousema
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Chris Drakeley
- Department of Immunology and Infection, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Sauerwein
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Kevin K A Tetteh
- Department of Immunology and Infection, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
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18
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Kassegne K, Abe EM, Cui YB, Chen SB, Xu B, Deng WP, Shen HM, Wang Y, Chen JH, Zhou XN. Contribution of Plasmodium immunomics: potential impact for serological testing and surveillance of malaria. Expert Rev Proteomics 2018; 16:117-129. [PMID: 30513025 DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2019.1554441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Plasmodium vivax (Pv) and P. knowlesi account together for a considerable share of the global burden of malaria, along with P. falciparum (Pf). However, inaccurate diagnosis and undetectable asymptomatic/submicroscopic malaria infections remain very challenging. Blood-stage antigens involved in either invasion of red blood cells or sequestration/cytoadherence of parasitized erythrocytes have been immunomics-characterized, and are vital for the detection of malaria incidence. Areas covered: We review the recent advances in Plasmodium immunomics to discuss serological markers with potential for specific and sensitive diagnosis of malaria. Insights on alternative use of immunomics to assess malaria prevalence are also highlighted. Finally, we provide practical applications of serological markers as diagnostics, with an emphasis on dot immunogold filtration assay which holds promise for malaria diagnosis and epidemiological surveys. Expert commentary: The approach largely contributes to Pf and Pv research in identifying promising non-orthologous antigens able to detect malaria incidence and to differentiate between past and recent infections. However, further studies to profiling naturally acquired immune responses are expected in order to help discover/validate serological markers of no cross-seroreactivity and guide control interventions. More so, the application of immunomics to knowlesi infections would help validate the recently identified antigens and contribute to the discovery of additional biomarkers of exposure, immunity, or both.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kokouvi Kassegne
- a National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology of the Chinese Ministry of Health , National Centre for International Research on Tropical Diseases, WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Eniola Michael Abe
- a National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology of the Chinese Ministry of Health , National Centre for International Research on Tropical Diseases, WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Bing Cui
- a National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology of the Chinese Ministry of Health , National Centre for International Research on Tropical Diseases, WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Shen-Bo Chen
- a National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology of the Chinese Ministry of Health , National Centre for International Research on Tropical Diseases, WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Xu
- a National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology of the Chinese Ministry of Health , National Centre for International Research on Tropical Diseases, WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Wang-Ping Deng
- a National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology of the Chinese Ministry of Health , National Centre for International Research on Tropical Diseases, WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai-Mo Shen
- a National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology of the Chinese Ministry of Health , National Centre for International Research on Tropical Diseases, WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Wang
- b Institute of Parasitic Diseases , Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences , Hangzhou , People's Republic of China
| | - Jun-Hu Chen
- a National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology of the Chinese Ministry of Health , National Centre for International Research on Tropical Diseases, WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Nong Zhou
- a National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology of the Chinese Ministry of Health , National Centre for International Research on Tropical Diseases, WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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19
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Kamuyu G, Tuju J, Kimathi R, Mwai K, Mburu J, Kibinge N, Chong Kwan M, Hawkings S, Yaa R, Chepsat E, Njunge JM, Chege T, Guleid F, Rosenkranz M, Kariuki CK, Frank R, Kinyanjui SM, Murungi LM, Bejon P, Färnert A, Tetteh KKA, Beeson JG, Conway DJ, Marsh K, Rayner JC, Osier FHA. KILchip v1.0: A Novel Plasmodium falciparum Merozoite Protein Microarray to Facilitate Malaria Vaccine Candidate Prioritization. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2866. [PMID: 30619257 PMCID: PMC6298441 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Passive transfer studies in humans clearly demonstrated the protective role of IgG antibodies against malaria. Identifying the precise parasite antigens that mediate immunity is essential for vaccine design, but has proved difficult. Completion of the Plasmodium falciparum genome revealed thousands of potential vaccine candidates, but a significant bottleneck remains in their validation and prioritization for further evaluation in clinical trials. Focusing initially on the Plasmodium falciparum merozoite proteome, we used peer-reviewed publications, multiple proteomic and bioinformatic approaches, to select and prioritize potential immune targets. We expressed 109 P. falciparum recombinant proteins, the majority of which were obtained using a mammalian expression system that has been shown to produce biologically functional extracellular proteins, and used them to create KILchip v1.0: a novel protein microarray to facilitate high-throughput multiplexed antibody detection from individual samples. The microarray assay was highly specific; antibodies against P. falciparum proteins were detected exclusively in sera from malaria-exposed but not malaria-naïve individuals. The intensity of antibody reactivity varied as expected from strong to weak across well-studied antigens such as AMA1 and RH5 (Kruskal–Wallis H test for trend: p < 0.0001). The inter-assay and intra-assay variability was minimal, with reproducible results obtained in re-assays using the same chip over a duration of 3 months. Antibodies quantified using the multiplexed format in KILchip v1.0 were highly correlated with those measured in the gold-standard monoplex ELISA [median (range) Spearman's R of 0.84 (0.65–0.95)]. KILchip v1.0 is a robust, scalable and adaptable protein microarray that has broad applicability to studies of naturally acquired immunity against malaria by providing a standardized tool for the detection of antibody correlates of protection. It will facilitate rapid high-throughput validation and prioritization of potential Plasmodium falciparum merozoite-stage antigens paving the way for urgently needed clinical trials for the next generation of malaria vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gathoni Kamuyu
- KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Centre for Geographic Medicine Research-Coast, Kilifi, Kenya.,Centre for Infectious Diseases, Parasitology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - James Tuju
- KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Centre for Geographic Medicine Research-Coast, Kilifi, Kenya.,Department of Biochemistry, Pwani University, Kilifi, Kenya
| | - Rinter Kimathi
- KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Centre for Geographic Medicine Research-Coast, Kilifi, Kenya
| | - Kennedy Mwai
- KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Centre for Geographic Medicine Research-Coast, Kilifi, Kenya
| | - James Mburu
- KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Centre for Geographic Medicine Research-Coast, Kilifi, Kenya
| | - Nelson Kibinge
- KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Centre for Geographic Medicine Research-Coast, Kilifi, Kenya
| | - Marisa Chong Kwan
- Arrayjet, Innovative Microarray Solutions, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Sam Hawkings
- Arrayjet, Innovative Microarray Solutions, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Reuben Yaa
- KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Centre for Geographic Medicine Research-Coast, Kilifi, Kenya
| | - Emily Chepsat
- KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Centre for Geographic Medicine Research-Coast, Kilifi, Kenya
| | - James M Njunge
- KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Centre for Geographic Medicine Research-Coast, Kilifi, Kenya
| | - Timothy Chege
- KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Centre for Geographic Medicine Research-Coast, Kilifi, Kenya
| | - Fatuma Guleid
- Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Micha Rosenkranz
- Centre for Infectious Diseases, Parasitology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christopher K Kariuki
- Department of Tropical and Infectious Diseases, Institute of Primate Research, Nairobi, Kenya.,Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Roland Frank
- Centre for Infectious Diseases, Parasitology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Samson M Kinyanjui
- KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Centre for Geographic Medicine Research-Coast, Kilifi, Kenya.,Department of Biochemistry, Pwani University, Kilifi, Kenya.,Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Linda M Murungi
- KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Centre for Geographic Medicine Research-Coast, Kilifi, Kenya
| | - Philip Bejon
- KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Centre for Geographic Medicine Research-Coast, Kilifi, Kenya
| | - Anna Färnert
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kevin K A Tetteh
- Immunology and Infection Department, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - James G Beeson
- Burnet Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - David J Conway
- Pathogen Molecular Biology Department, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kevin Marsh
- KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Centre for Geographic Medicine Research-Coast, Kilifi, Kenya.,Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.,African Academy of Sciences, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Julian C Rayner
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Faith H A Osier
- KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Centre for Geographic Medicine Research-Coast, Kilifi, Kenya.,Centre for Infectious Diseases, Parasitology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Biochemistry, Pwani University, Kilifi, Kenya.,Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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20
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Perraut R, Varela ML, Joos C, Diouf B, Sokhna C, Mbengue B, Tall A, Loucoubar C, Touré A, Mercereau-Puijalon O. Association of antibodies to Plasmodium falciparum merozoite surface protein-4 with protection against clinical malaria. Vaccine 2017; 35:6720-6726. [PMID: 29042203 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2017] [Revised: 09/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Identification of parasite antigens targeted by immune effector mechanisms that confer protection against malaria is important for the design of a multi-component malaria vaccine. Here, the association of antibodies reacting with the Plasmodium falciparum merozoite surface protein-4 (MSP4) with protection against clinical malaria was investigated in a Senegalese community living in an area of moderate, seasonal malaria transmission. Blood samples were collected at the end of an 8-month long dry season without any recorded parasite transmission from 206 residents enrolled in a prospective follow-up study. Active daily clinical monitoring was implemented during the subsequent five months. Entomologic monitoring documented parasite transmission during the first three months of follow-up. Serum IgG levels were determined by ELISA against three MSP4 baculovirus-encoded recombinant protein constructs, namely the full-length MSP4p40, MSP4p30 devoid of a highly polymorphic sequence stretch and the conserved C-terminal EGF-containing MSP4p20, as well as against a merozoite crude extract. Community seroprevalence against all three constructs was quite high, the lowest being against MSP4p30. Seroprevalence and antibody levels against the three MSP4 constructs were age-dependent. IgG1 dominated the anti-MSP4p20 responses, while both IgG1 and IgG3 were observed against MSP4p40. Anti-MSP4 antibodies were associated with the antibody-dependent respiratory burst (ADRB) activity in a functional assay of merozoite phagocytosis by polymorphonuclear cells. Importantly, high antibody levels against each of the three MSP4 constructs at the end of the dry season were associated with reduced morbidity during the subsequent transmission season in an age-adjusted Poisson regression model (IRR = 0.65 [0.50-0.83], P<0.001 for responses over the median values). These data are consistent with a protective role for the naturally acquired anti-MSP4 antibodies and support further development of MSP4 as a candidate component of malaria vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald Perraut
- Unité d'Immunologie, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Senegal.
| | | | | | - Babacar Diouf
- Unité d'Immunologie, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Senegal
| | - Cheikh Sokhna
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), URMITE, UMR 198, Dakar, Senegal
| | | | - Adama Tall
- Unité d'Epidémiologie, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Senegal
| | - Cheikh Loucoubar
- Institut Pasteur de Dakar, G4 Biostatistiques Bioinformatique et Modélisation, Dakar, Senegal
| | | | - Odile Mercereau-Puijalon
- Institut Pasteur, Département Parasites et Insectes Vecteurs, 25 Rue du Dr. Roux, 75015 Paris, France
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21
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Perraut R, Varela ML, Loucoubar C, Niass O, Sidibé A, Tall A, Trape JF, Wotodjo AN, Mbengue B, Sokhna C, Vigan-Womas I, Touré A, Richard V, Mercereau-Puijalon O. Serological signatures of declining exposure following intensification of integrated malaria control in two rural Senegalese communities. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0179146. [PMID: 28609450 PMCID: PMC5469466 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent control scale-up has reduced malaria in many areas but new tools are needed to monitor further progress, including indicators of decreasing exposure to parasite infection. Although serology is considered a promising approach in this regard, the serological impact of control interventions has been so far studied using indirect quantification of exposure. Cohort surveys concomitantly recording entomological and malariometric indices have been conducted in two Senegalese settings where supervised control intensification implemented in 2006 shifted malaria from historically holoendemic in Dielmo and mesoendemic in Ndiop to hypoendemic in both settings by 2013. We analyse here serological signatures of declining transmission using archived blood samples. Responses against ten pre-erythrocytic and erythrocytic antigens from Plasmodium falciparum and P. malariae alongside an Anopheles gambiae salivary gland antigen were analysed. Cross-sectional surveys conducted before (2002) and after (2013) control intensification showed a major impact of control intensification in both settings. The age-associated prevalence, magnitude and breadth of the IgG responses to all antigens were village-specific in 2002. In 2013, remarkably similar patterns were observed in both villages, with marginal responses against all parasite antigens in the 0-5y children and reduced responses in all previously seropositive age groups. Waning of humoral responses of individuals who were immune at the time of control intensification was studied from 2006 to 2013 using yearly samplings. Longitudinal data were analysed using the Cochran-Armittage trend test and an age-related reversible catalytic conversion model. This showed that the antigen-specific antibody declines were more rapid in older children than adults. There was a strong association of antibody decline with the declining entomological inoculation rate. We thus identified serological markers of declining exposure to malaria parasites that should help future monitoring of progress towards malaria elimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald Perraut
- Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Unité d’Immunologie, Dakar, Sénégal
- * E-mail:
| | - Marie-Louise Varela
- Institut Pasteur de Dakar, G4 Biostatistiques Bioinformatique et Modélisation, Dakar, Sénégal
| | - Cheikh Loucoubar
- Institut Pasteur de Dakar, G4 Biostatistiques Bioinformatique et Modélisation, Dakar, Sénégal
| | - Oumy Niass
- Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Unité d’Immunologie, Dakar, Sénégal
| | - Awa Sidibé
- Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Unité d’Immunologie, Dakar, Sénégal
| | - Adama Tall
- Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Unité d’Epidémiologie, Dakar, Sénégal
| | | | | | - Babacar Mbengue
- Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Unité d’Immunogénétique, Dakar, Sénégal
| | - Cheikh Sokhna
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), URMITE, Dakar, Sénégal
| | - Inès Vigan-Womas
- Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, Unité d’Immunologie des Maladies Infectieuses, Antanarivo, Madagascar
- Institut Pasteur, Department of Parasitology and Insect Vectors, 25 Rue du Dr Roux, Paris, France
| | - Aissatou Touré
- Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Unité d’Immunologie, Dakar, Sénégal
| | - Vincent Richard
- Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Unité d’Epidémiologie, Dakar, Sénégal
| | - Odile Mercereau-Puijalon
- Institut Pasteur, Department of Parasitology and Insect Vectors, 25 Rue du Dr Roux, Paris, France
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22
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Characterizing Antibody Responses to Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum Antigens in India Using Genome-Scale Protein Microarrays. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2017; 11:e0005323. [PMID: 28118367 PMCID: PMC5291533 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0005323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Revised: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding naturally acquired immune responses to Plasmodium in India is key to improving malaria surveillance and diagnostic tools. Here we describe serological profiling of immune responses at three sites in India by probing protein microarrays consisting of 515 Plasmodium vivax and 500 Plasmodium falciparum proteins with 353 plasma samples. A total of 236 malaria-positive (symptomatic and asymptomatic) plasma samples and 117 malaria-negative samples were collected at three field sites in Raurkela, Nadiad, and Chennai. Indian samples showed significant seroreactivity to 265 P. vivax and 373 P. falciparum antigens, but overall seroreactivity to P. vivax antigens was lower compared to P. falciparum antigens. We identified the most immunogenic antigens of both Plasmodium species that were recognized at all three sites in India, as well as P. falciparum antigens that were associated with asymptomatic malaria. This is the first genome-scale analysis of serological responses to the two major species of malaria parasite in India. The range of immune responses characterized in different endemic settings argues for targeted surveillance approaches tailored to the diverse epidemiology of malaria across the world. Although malaria deaths have fallen by 60% worldwide since 2000, the disease remains a significant public health problem. India has the highest burden of malaria in the South-East Asia Region, where Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum are its main causes. While the two major malaria parasite species co-occur in India, their proportion varies across the country. Antibodies in an individual indicate current or past Plasmodium infection, and can be used to identify suitable vaccine candidates, as well as develop novel tools for malaria surveillance. We present the results of a pilot study undertaking the first large-scale characterization of antibody responses to ~1000 Plasmodium antigens at three field sites in India using high-throughput protein microarray technology. Individuals from the eco-epidemiologically diverse sites showed reactivity to 265 P. vivax and 373 P. falciparum antigens, regardless of infection status. Further comparison of individuals with symptomatic and asymptomatic malaria revealed the most immunogenic Plasmodium antigens, as well as antigens that were recognized with greater intensity in individuals that were asymptomatic at the point of sample collection. These results are a valuable addition to existing data from other malaria endemic regions, and will help to expand our understanding of host immunity against the disease.
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23
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McCallum FJ, Persson KEM, Fowkes FJI, Reiling L, Mugyenyi CK, Richards JS, Simpson JA, Williams TN, Gilson PR, Hodder AN, Sanders PR, Anders RF, Narum DL, Chitnis C, Crabb BS, Marsh K, Beeson JG. Differing rates of antibody acquisition to merozoite antigens in malaria: implications for immunity and surveillance. J Leukoc Biol 2016; 101:913-925. [PMID: 27837017 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.5ma0716-294r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Revised: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibodies play a key role in acquired human immunity to Plasmodium falciparum (Pf) malaria and target merozoites to reduce or prevent blood-stage replication and the development of disease. Merozoites present a complex array of antigens to the immune system, and currently, there is only a partial understanding of the targets of protective antibodies and how responses to different antigens are acquired and boosted. We hypothesized that there would be differences in the rate of acquisition of antibodies to different antigens and how well they are boosted by infection, which impacts the acquisition of immunity. We examined responses to a range of merozoite antigens in 2 different cohorts of children and adults with different age structures and levels of malaria exposure. Overall, antibodies were associated with age, exposure, and active infection, and the repertoire of responses increased with age and active infection. However, rates of antibody acquisition varied between antigens and different regions within an antigen following exposure to malaria, supporting our hypothesis. Antigen-specific responses could be broadly classified into early response types in which antibodies were acquired early in childhood exposure and late response types that appear to require substantially more exposure for the development of substantial levels. We identified antigen-specific responses that were effectively boosted after recent infection, whereas other responses were not. These findings advance our understanding of the acquisition of human immunity to malaria and are relevant to the development of malaria vaccines targeting merozoite antigens and the selection of antigens for use in malaria surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona J McCallum
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Drug Evaluation, Australian Army Malaria Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Kristina E M Persson
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Freya J I Fowkes
- Burnet Institute for Medical Research and Public Health, Melbourne, Australia.,Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Departments of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Linda Reiling
- Burnet Institute for Medical Research and Public Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Cleopatra K Mugyenyi
- Burnet Institute for Medical Research and Public Health, Melbourne, Australia.,Kenya Medical Research Institute-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya
| | - Jack S Richards
- Burnet Institute for Medical Research and Public Health, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Julie A Simpson
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Thomas N Williams
- Kenya Medical Research Institute-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya.,Department of Medicine, Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Paul R Gilson
- Burnet Institute for Medical Research and Public Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Anthony N Hodder
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Paul R Sanders
- Burnet Institute for Medical Research and Public Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Robin F Anders
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, Latrobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - David L Narum
- Laboratory of Malaria Immunology and Vaccinology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Brendan S Crabb
- Burnet Institute for Medical Research and Public Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Kevin Marsh
- Kenya Medical Research Institute-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya.,Nuffield Department of Medicine, Centre for Clinical Vaccinology and Tropical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - James G Beeson
- Burnet Institute for Medical Research and Public Health, Melbourne, Australia; .,Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
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24
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Kassegne K, Abe EM, Chen JH, Zhou XN. Immunomic approaches for antigen discovery of human parasites. Expert Rev Proteomics 2016; 13:1091-1101. [DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2016.1252675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kokouvi Kassegne
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology of the Chinese Ministry of Health, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Eniola Michael Abe
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology of the Chinese Ministry of Health, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun-Hu Chen
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology of the Chinese Ministry of Health, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Nong Zhou
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology of the Chinese Ministry of Health, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
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25
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Wanjala CL, Kweka EJ. Impact of Highland Topography Changes on Exposure to Malaria Vectors and Immunity in Western Kenya. Front Public Health 2016; 4:227. [PMID: 27790610 PMCID: PMC5063849 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2016.00227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background It is almost an axiom that in the African highlands (above 1,500 m) transmission of Plasmodium falciparum is limited primarily by low ambient temperature and that small changes in temperature could result in temporary favorable conditions for unstable transmission within populations that have acquired little functional immunity. The pattern of malaria transmission in the highland plateau ecosystems is less distinct due to the flat topography and diffuse hydrology resulting from numerous streams. The non-homogeneous distribution of larval breeding habitats in east African highlands obviously affects Anopheles spatial distribution which, consequently, leads to heterogeneous human exposure to malaria. Another delicate parameter in the fragile transmission risk of malaria in the highlands is the rapid loss of primary forest due to subsistence agriculture. The implication of this change in land cover on malaria transmission is that deforestation can lead to changes in microclimate of both adult and larval habitats hence increase larvae survival, population density, and gametocytes development in adult mosquitoes. Deforestation has been documented to enhancing vectorial capacity of Anopheles gambiae by nearly 100% compared to forested areas. Method The study was conducted in five different ecosystems in the western Kenya highlands, two U-shaped valleys (Iguhu, Emutete), two V-shaped valleys (Marani, Fort Ternan), and one plateau (Shikondi) for 16 months among 6- to 15-year-old children. Exposure to malaria was tested using circumsporozoite protein (CSP) and merozoite surface protein immunochromatographic antibody tests. Malaria parasite was examined using different tools, which include microscopy based on blood smears, rapid diagnostic test based on HRP 2 proteins, and serology based on human immune response to parasite and vector antigens have been also examined in the highlands in comparison with different topographical systems of western Kenya. Results The results suggested that changes in the topography had implication on transmission in highlands of western Kenya and appropriate diagnosis, treatment, and control tool needed to be considered accordingly. Both plateau and U-shaped valley found to have higher parasite density than V-shaped valley. People in V-valley were less immune than in plateau and U-valley residents. Conclusion Topography diversity in western Kenya highlands has a significant impact on exposure rates of human to malaria vectors and parasite. The residents of V-shaped valleys are at risk of having explosive malaria outbreaks during hyper-transmission periods due to low exposure to malaria parasite; hence, they have low immune response to malaria, while the U-shaped valleys have stable malaria transmission, therefore, the human population has developed immunity to malaria due to continuous exposure to malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Ludwin Wanjala
- Centre for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya; Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology, Kakamega, Kenya
| | - Eliningaya J Kweka
- Mosquito Section, Division of Livestock and Human Diseases Vector Control, Tropical Pesticides Research Institute, Arusha, Tanzania; Department of Medical Parasitology and Entomology, Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences, Mwanza, Tanzania
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26
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Plasmodium Helical Interspersed Subtelomeric (PHIST) Proteins, at the Center of Host Cell Remodeling. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 2016; 80:905-27. [PMID: 27582258 DOI: 10.1128/mmbr.00014-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
During the asexual cycle, Plasmodium falciparum extensively remodels the human erythrocyte to make it a suitable host cell. A large number of exported proteins facilitate this remodeling process, which causes erythrocytes to become more rigid, cytoadherent, and permeable for nutrients and metabolic products. Among the exported proteins, a family of 89 proteins, called the Plasmodium helical interspersed subtelomeric (PHIST) protein family, has been identified. While also found in other Plasmodium species, the PHIST family is greatly expanded in P. falciparum. Although a decade has passed since their first description, to date, most PHIST proteins remain uncharacterized and are of unknown function and localization within the host cell, and there are few data on their interactions with other host or parasite proteins. However, over the past few years, PHIST proteins have been mentioned in the literature at an increasing rate owing to their presence at various localizations within the infected erythrocyte. Expression of PHIST proteins has been implicated in molecular and cellular processes such as the surface display of PfEMP1, gametocytogenesis, changes in cell rigidity, and also cerebral and pregnancy-associated malaria. Thus, we conclude that PHIST proteins are central to host cell remodeling, but despite their obvious importance in pathology, PHIST proteins seem to be understudied. Here we review current knowledge, shed light on the definition of PHIST proteins, and discuss these proteins with respect to their localization and probable function. We take into consideration interaction studies, microarray analyses, or data from blood samples from naturally infected patients to combine all available information on this protein family.
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Cornillot E, Dassouli A, Pachikara N, Lawres L, Renard I, Francois C, Randazzo S, Brès V, Garg A, Brancato J, Pazzi JE, Pablo J, Hung C, Teng A, Shandling AD, Huynh VT, Krause PJ, Lepore T, Delbecq S, Hermanson G, Liang X, Williams S, Molina DM, Ben Mamoun C. A targeted immunomic approach identifies diagnostic antigens in the human pathogen Babesia microti. Transfusion 2016; 56:2085-99. [PMID: 27184823 PMCID: PMC5644385 DOI: 10.1111/trf.13640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Revised: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Babesia microti is a protozoan parasite responsible for the majority of reported cases of human babesiosis and a major risk to the blood supply. Laboratory screening of blood donors may help prevent transfusion-transmitted babesiosis but there is no Food and Drug Administration-approved screening method yet available. Development of a sensitive, specific, and highly automated B. microti antibody assay for diagnosis of acute babesiosis and blood screening could have an important impact on decreasing the health burden of B. microti infection. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Herein, we take advantage of recent advances in B. microti genomic analyses, field surveys of the reservoir host, and human studies in endemic areas to apply a targeted immunomic approach to the discovery of B. microti antigens that serve as signatures of active or past babesiosis infections. Of 19 glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored protein candidates (BmGPI1-19) identified in the B. microti proteome, 17 were successfully expressed, printed on a microarray chip, and used to screen sera from uninfected and B. microti-infected mice and humans to determine immune responses that are associated with active and past infection. RESULTS Antibody responses to various B. microti BmGPI antigens were detected and BmGPI12 was identified as the best biomarker of infection that provided high sensitivity and specificity when used in a microarray antibody assay. CONCLUSION BmGPI12 alone or in combination with other BmGPI proteins is a promising candidate biomarker for detection of B. microti antibodies that might be useful in blood screening to prevent transfusion-transmitted babesiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Cornillot
- Institut de Biologie Computationnelle (IBC), Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM-INSERM U1194), Institut régional du Cancer Montpellier (ICM) and Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Amina Dassouli
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
- Laboratoire de Biologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire (LBCM-EA4558 Vaccination Antiparasitaire), UFR Pharmacie, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Niseema Pachikara
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Lauren Lawres
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Isaline Renard
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Celia Francois
- Laboratoire de Biologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire (LBCM-EA4558 Vaccination Antiparasitaire), UFR Pharmacie, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Sylvie Randazzo
- Laboratoire de Biologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire (LBCM-EA4558 Vaccination Antiparasitaire), UFR Pharmacie, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Virginie Brès
- Laboratoire de Biologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire (LBCM-EA4558 Vaccination Antiparasitaire), UFR Pharmacie, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Aprajita Garg
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Janna Brancato
- Division of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut
| | | | | | - Chris Hung
- Antigen Discovery, Inc., Irvine, California
| | - Andy Teng
- Antigen Discovery, Inc., Irvine, California
| | | | | | - Peter J. Krause
- Division of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Timothy Lepore
- Division of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Stephane Delbecq
- Laboratoire de Biologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire (LBCM-EA4558 Vaccination Antiparasitaire), UFR Pharmacie, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | | | | | - Scott Williams
- Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, Connecticut
| | | | - Choukri Ben Mamoun
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
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Chen JH, Chen SB, Wang Y, Ju C, Zhang T, Xu B, Shen HM, Mo XJ, Molina DM, Eng M, Liang X, Gardner MJ, Wang R, Hu W. An immunomics approach for the analysis of natural antibody responses to Plasmodium vivax infection. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2016; 11:2354-63. [PMID: 26091354 DOI: 10.1039/c5mb00330j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
High throughput immunomics is a powerful platform to discover potential targets of host immunity and develop diagnostic tests for infectious diseases. We screened the sera of Plasmodium vivax-exposed individuals to profile the antibody response to blood-stage antigens of P. vivax using a P. vivax protein microarray. A total of 1936 genes encoding the P. vivax proteins were expressed, printed and screened with sera from P. vivax-exposed individuals and normal subjects. Total of 151 (7.8% of the 1936 targets) highly immunoreactive antigens were identified, including five well-characterized antigens of P. vivax (ETRAMP11.2, Pv34, SUB1, RAP2 and MSP4). Among the highly immunoreactive antigens, 5 antigens were predicted as adhesins by MAAP, and 11 antigens were predicted as merozoite invasion-related proteins based on homology with P. falciparum proteins. There are 40 proteins that have serodiagnostic potential for antibody surveillance. These novel Plasmodium antigens identified provide the clues for understanding host immune response to P. vivax infection and the development of antibody surveillance tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Hu Chen
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology of the Chinese Ministry of Health, WHO Collaborating Center for Malaria, Schistosomiasis and Filariasis, Shanghai 200025, People's Republic of China.
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A systems biology approach for diagnostic and vaccine antigen discovery in tropical infectious diseases. Curr Opin Infect Dis 2016; 28:438-45. [PMID: 26237545 DOI: 10.1097/qco.0000000000000193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW There is a need for improved diagnosis and for more rapidly assessing the presence, prevalence, and spread of newly emerging or reemerging infectious diseases. An approach to the pathogen-detection strategy is based on analyzing host immune response to the infection. This review focuses on a protein microarray approach for this purpose. RECENT FINDINGS Here we take a protein microarray approach to profile the humoral immune response to numerous infectious agents, and to identify the complete antibody repertoire associated with each disease. The results of these studies lead to the identification of diagnostic markers and potential subunit vaccine candidates. These results from over 30 different organisms can also provide information about common trends in the humoral immune response. SUMMARY This review describes the implications of the findings for clinical practice or research. A systems biology approach to identify the antibody repertoire associated with infectious diseases challenge using protein microarray has become a powerful method in identifying diagnostic markers and potential subunit vaccine candidates, and moreover, in providing information on proteomic feature (functional and physically properties) of seroreactive and serodiagnostic antigens. Combining the detection of the pathogen with a comprehensive assessment of the host immune response will provide a new understanding of the correlations between specific causative agents, the host response, and the clinical manifestations of the disease.
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Abstract
The development of an efficacious and practicable vaccine conferring sterile immunity towards a Plasmodium infection represents a not yet achieved goal. A crucial factor for the impact of a given anti-plasmodial subunit vaccine is the identification of the most potent parasitic components required to induce protection from both infection and disease. Here, we present a method based on a novel high-density peptide array technology that allows for a flexible readout of malaria antibodies. Peptide arrays applied as a screening method can be used to identify novel immunogenic antibody epitopes under a large number of potential antigens/peptides. Ultimately, discovered antigen candidates and/or epitope sequences can be translated into vaccine prototype design. The technology can be further utilized to unravel antibody-mediated immune responses (e.g., involved in the establishment of semi-immunity) and moreover to confirm vaccine potency during the process of clinical development by verifying the induced antibody responses following vaccination.
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Large screen approaches to identify novel malaria vaccine candidates. Vaccine 2015; 33:7496-505. [PMID: 26428458 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.09.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Revised: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Until recently, malaria vaccine development efforts have focused almost exclusively on a handful of well characterized Plasmodium falciparum antigens. Despite dedicated work by many researchers on different continents spanning more than half a century, a successful malaria vaccine remains elusive. Sequencing of the P. falciparum genome has revealed more than five thousand genes, providing the foundation for systematic approaches to discover candidate vaccine antigens. We are taking advantage of this wealth of information to discover new antigens that may be more effective vaccine targets. Herein, we describe different approaches to large-scale screening of the P. falciparum genome to identify targets of either antibody responses or T cell responses using human specimens collected in Controlled Human Malaria Infections (CHMI) or under conditions of natural exposure in the field. These genome, proteome and transcriptome based approaches offer enormous potential for the development of an efficacious malaria vaccine.
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Helb DA, Tetteh KKA, Felgner PL, Skinner J, Hubbard A, Arinaitwe E, Mayanja-Kizza H, Ssewanyana I, Kamya MR, Beeson JG, Tappero J, Smith DL, Crompton PD, Rosenthal PJ, Dorsey G, Drakeley CJ, Greenhouse B. Novel serologic biomarkers provide accurate estimates of recent Plasmodium falciparum exposure for individuals and communities. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:E4438-47. [PMID: 26216993 PMCID: PMC4538641 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1501705112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Tools to reliably measure Plasmodium falciparum (Pf) exposure in individuals and communities are needed to guide and evaluate malaria control interventions. Serologic assays can potentially produce precise exposure estimates at low cost; however, current approaches based on responses to a few characterized antigens are not designed to estimate exposure in individuals. Pf-specific antibody responses differ by antigen, suggesting that selection of antigens with defined kinetic profiles will improve estimates of Pf exposure. To identify novel serologic biomarkers of malaria exposure, we evaluated responses to 856 Pf antigens by protein microarray in 186 Ugandan children, for whom detailed Pf exposure data were available. Using data-adaptive statistical methods, we identified combinations of antibody responses that maximized information on an individual's recent exposure. Responses to three novel Pf antigens accurately classified whether an individual had been infected within the last 30, 90, or 365 d (cross-validated area under the curve = 0.86-0.93), whereas responses to six antigens accurately estimated an individual's malaria incidence in the prior year. Cross-validated incidence predictions for individuals in different communities provided accurate stratification of exposure between populations and suggest that precise estimates of community exposure can be obtained from sampling a small subset of that community. In addition, serologic incidence predictions from cross-sectional samples characterized heterogeneity within a community similarly to 1 y of continuous passive surveillance. Development of simple ELISA-based assays derived from the successful selection strategy outlined here offers the potential to generate rich epidemiologic surveillance data that will be widely accessible to malaria control programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danica A Helb
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94110; Division of Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720; Global Health Group, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158
| | - Kevin K A Tetteh
- Department Immunology and Infection, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom
| | - Philip L Felgner
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697
| | - Jeff Skinner
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20852
| | - Alan Hubbard
- Division of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | | | - Harriet Mayanja-Kizza
- Department of Medicine, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
| | | | - Moses R Kamya
- Department of Medicine, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
| | - James G Beeson
- Center for Biomedical Research, Burnet Institute for Medical Research and Public Health, Melbourne, VIC, Canada 3004
| | - Jordan Tappero
- Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333
| | - David L Smith
- Spatial Ecology and Epidemiology Group, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PS, United Kingdom; Sanaria Institute for Global Health and Tropical Medicine, Rockville, MD 20850
| | - Peter D Crompton
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20852
| | - Philip J Rosenthal
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94110
| | - Grant Dorsey
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94110
| | - Christopher J Drakeley
- Department Immunology and Infection, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom
| | - Bryan Greenhouse
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94110;
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Olaya-Abril A, Jiménez-Munguía I, Gómez-Gascón L, Obando I, Rodríguez-Ortega MJ. A Pneumococcal Protein Array as a Platform to Discover Serodiagnostic Antigens Against Infection. Mol Cell Proteomics 2015; 14:2591-608. [PMID: 26183717 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m115.049544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Pneumonia is one of the most common and severe diseases associated with Streptococcus pneumoniae infections in children and adults. Etiological diagnosis of pneumococcal pneumonia in children is generally challenging because of limitations of diagnostic tests and interference with nasopharyngeal colonizing strains. Serological assays have recently gained interest to overcome some problems found with current diagnostic tests in pediatric pneumococcal pneumonia. To provide insight into this field, we have developed a protein array to screen the antibody response to many antigens simultaneously. Proteins were selected by experimental identification from a collection of 24 highly prevalent pediatric clinical isolates in Spain, using a proteomics approach consisting of "shaving" the cell surface with proteases and further LC/MS/MS analysis. Ninety-five proteins were recombinantly produced and printed on an array. We probed it with a collection of sera from children with pneumococcal pneumonia. From the set of the most seroprevalent antigens, we obtained a clear discriminant response for a group of three proteins (PblB, PulA, and PrtA) in children under 4 years old. We validated the results by ELISA and an immunostrip assay showed the translation to easy-to-use, affordable tests. Thus, the protein array here developed presents a tool for broad use in serodiagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso Olaya-Abril
- From the ‡Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Córdoba; Campus de Excelencia Internacional CeiA3; and Red Española de Investigación en Patología Infecciosa (REIPI), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Irene Jiménez-Munguía
- From the ‡Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Córdoba; Campus de Excelencia Internacional CeiA3; and Red Española de Investigación en Patología Infecciosa (REIPI), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lidia Gómez-Gascón
- §Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Universidad de Córdoba; Campus de Excelencia Internacional CeiA3, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Ignacio Obando
- ¶Sección de Enfermedades Infecciosas Pediátricas e Inmunopatología, Hospital Universitario Infantil Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Manuel J Rodríguez-Ortega
- From the ‡Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Córdoba; Campus de Excelencia Internacional CeiA3; and Red Española de Investigación en Patología Infecciosa (REIPI), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain;
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Ray S, Kumar V, Bhave A, Singh V, Gogtay NJ, Thatte UM, Talukdar A, Kochar SK, Patankar S, Srivastava S. Proteomic analysis of Plasmodium falciparum induced alterations in humans from different endemic regions of India to decipher malaria pathogenesis and identify surrogate markers of severity. J Proteomics 2015; 127:103-13. [PMID: 25982387 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2015.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Revised: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
India significantly contributes to the global malaria burden and has the largest population in the world at risk of malaria. This study aims to analyze alterations in the human serum proteome as a consequence of non-severe and severe infections by the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum to identify markers related to disease severity and to obtain mechanistic insights about disease pathogenesis and host immune responses. In discovery phase of the study, a comprehensive quantitative proteomic analysis was performed using gel-based (2D-DIGE) and gel-free (iTRAQ) techniques on two independent mass spectrometry platforms (ESI-Q-TOF and Q-Exactive mass spectrometry), and selected targets were validated by ELISA. Proteins showing altered serum abundance in falciparum malaria patients revealed the modulation of different physiological pathways including chemokine and cytokine signaling, IL-12 signaling and production in macrophages, complement cascades, blood coagulation, and protein ubiquitination pathways. Some muscle related and cytoskeletal proteins such as titin and galectin-3-binding protein were found to be up-regulated in severe malaria patients. Hemoglobin levels and platelet counts were also found to be drastically lower in severe malaria patients. Identified proteins including serum amyloid A, C-reactive protein, apolipoprotein E and haptoglobin, which exhibited sequential alterations in their serum abundance in different severity levels of malaria, could serve as potential predictive markers for disease severity. To the best of our information, we report here the first comprehensive analysis describing the serum proteomic alterations observed in severe P. falciparum infected patients from different malaria endemic regions of India. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Proteomics in India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandipan Ray
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Vipin Kumar
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Amruta Bhave
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Vaidhvi Singh
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Nithya J Gogtay
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Seth GS Medical College & KEM Hospital, Parel, Mumbai 400012, India
| | - Urmila M Thatte
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Seth GS Medical College & KEM Hospital, Parel, Mumbai 400012, India
| | - Arunansu Talukdar
- Department of Medicine, Medical College and Hospital Kolkata, 88, College Street, Kolkata 700073, India
| | - Sanjay K Kochar
- Department of Medicine, Malaria Research Center, S.P. Medical College, Bikaner 334003, India
| | - Swati Patankar
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Sanjeeva Srivastava
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India.
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Dotsey EY, Gorlani A, Ingale S, Achenbach CJ, Forthal DN, Felgner PL, Gach JS. A High Throughput Protein Microarray Approach to Classify HIV Monoclonal Antibodies and Variant Antigens. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0125581. [PMID: 25938510 PMCID: PMC4418728 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0125581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, high throughput discovery of human recombinant monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) has been applied to greatly advance our understanding of the specificity, and functional activity of antibodies against HIV. Thousands of antibodies have been generated and screened in functional neutralization assays, and antibodies associated with cross-strain neutralization and passive protection in primates, have been identified. To facilitate this type of discovery, a high throughput-screening tool is needed to accurately classify mAbs, and their antigen targets. In this study, we analyzed and evaluated a prototype microarray chip comprised of the HIV-1 recombinant proteins gp140, gp120, gp41, and several membrane proximal external region peptides. The protein microarray analysis of 11 HIV-1 envelope-specific mAbs revealed diverse binding affinities and specificities across clades. Half maximal effective concentrations, generated by our chip analysis, correlated significantly (P<0.0001) with concentrations from ELISA binding measurements. Polyclonal immune responses in plasma samples from HIV-1 infected subjects exhibited different binding patterns, and reactivity against printed proteins. Examining the totality of the specificity of the humoral response in this way reveals the exquisite diversity, and specificity of the humoral response to HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Y. Dotsey
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - Andrea Gorlani
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - Sampat Ingale
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Chad J. Achenbach
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Donald N. Forthal
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - Philip L. Felgner
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
- * E-mail: (JSG); (PLF)
| | - Johannes S. Gach
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
- * E-mail: (JSG); (PLF)
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Badu K, Gyan B, Appawu M, Mensah D, Dodoo D, Yan G, Drakeley C, Zhou G, Owusu-Dabo E, Koram KA. Serological evidence of vector and parasite exposure in Southern Ghana: the dynamics of malaria transmission intensity. Parasit Vectors 2015; 8:251. [PMID: 25928847 PMCID: PMC4418069 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-015-0861-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Seroepidemiology provides robust estimates for tracking malaria transmission when intensity is low and useful when there is no baseline entomological data. Serological evidence of exposure to malaria vectors and parasite contribute to our understanding of the risk of pathogen transmission, and facilitates implementation of targeted interventions. Ab to Anopheles gambiae salivary peptide (gSG6-P1) and merozoite surface protein one (MSP-1(19)) reflect human exposure to malaria vectors and parasites. This study estimated malaria transmission dynamics using serological evidence of vector and parasite exposure in southern Ghana. METHODS Total IgG responses to both antigens in an age stratified cohort (<5, 5-14, >14) were measured from South-eastern Ghana. 295 randomly selected sera were analyzed from archived samples belonging to a cohort study that were followed at 3 consecutive survey months (n = 885); February, May and August 2009. Temporal variations in seroprevalence of both antigens as well as differences between the age-stratified cohorts were determined by χ (2) test with p < 0.05 statistically significant. Non-parametric repeated ANOVA - Friedman's test was used to test differences in antibody levels. Seroprevalence data were fitted to reversible catalytic model to estimate sero-conversion rates. RESULTS Whereas parasite prevalence was generally low 2.4%, 2.7% and 2.4% with no apparent trends with season, seroprevalence to both gSG6-P1 and MSP1(19) were high (59%, 50.9%, 52.2%) and 57.6%, 52.3% and 43.6% in respective order from Feb. to August. Repeated measures ANOVA showed differences in median antibody levels across surveys with specific significant differences between February and May but not August by post hoc Dunn's multiple comparison tests for gSG6-P1. For MSP1(19), no differences were observed in antibody levels between February and May but a significant decline was observed from May to August. Seroconversion rates for gSG6-P1 increased by 1.5 folds from February to August and 3 folds for MSP1(19). CONCLUSION Data suggests exposure to infectious bites may be declining whereas mosquito bites remains high. Sustained malaria control efforts and surveillance are needed to drive malaria further down and to prevent catastrophic rebound. Operational factors for scaling up have been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kingsley Badu
- Department of Immunology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Science University of Ghana, LG581, , Legon, Accra, Ghana.
| | - Ben Gyan
- Department of Immunology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Science University of Ghana, LG581, , Legon, Accra, Ghana.
| | - Maxwell Appawu
- Department of Parasitology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Science University of Ghana, LG581, , Legon, Accra, Ghana.
| | - Daniel Mensah
- Department of Immunology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Science University of Ghana, LG581, , Legon, Accra, Ghana.
| | - Daniel Dodoo
- Department of Immunology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Science University of Ghana, LG581, , Legon, Accra, Ghana.
| | - Guiyun Yan
- Program in Public Health, Room 3038, Hewitt Hall, College of Health Science, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697-4050, USA.
| | - Chris Drakeley
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
| | - Guofa Zhou
- Program in Public Health, Room 3038, Hewitt Hall, College of Health Science, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697-4050, USA.
| | - Ellis Owusu-Dabo
- Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research in Tropical Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.
| | - Kwadwo Ansah Koram
- Department of Epidemiology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Science University of Ghana, LG581, , Legon, Accra, Ghana.
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Stramer SL, Dodd RY, Chiu CY. Advances in testing technology to ensure transfusion safety - NAT and beyond. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/voxs.12152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. L. Stramer
- American Red Cross Biomedical Services; Gaithersburg MD USA
| | - R. Y. Dodd
- Research and Development; American Red Cross Biomedical Services; Rockville MD USA
| | - C. Y. Chiu
- Laboratory Medicine and Medicine/Infectious Diseases; UCSF School of Medicine; San Francisco CA USA
- UCSF-Abbott Viral Diagnostics and Discovery Center; UCSF School of Medicine; San Francisco CA USA
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Sepúlveda N, Drakeley C. Sample size determination for estimating antibody seroconversion rate under stable malaria transmission intensity. Malar J 2015; 14:141. [PMID: 25889960 PMCID: PMC4419413 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-015-0661-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In the last decade, several epidemiological studies have demonstrated the potential of using seroprevalence (SP) and seroconversion rate (SCR) as informative indicators of malaria burden in low transmission settings or in populations on the cusp of elimination. However, most of studies are designed to control ensuing statistical inference over parasite rates and not on these alternative malaria burden measures. SP is in essence a proportion and, thus, many methods exist for the respective sample size determination. In contrast, designing a study where SCR is the primary endpoint, is not an easy task because precision and statistical power are affected by the age distribution of a given population. Methods Two sample size calculators for SCR estimation are proposed. The first one consists of transforming the confidence interval for SP into the corresponding one for SCR given a known seroreversion rate (SRR). The second calculator extends the previous one to the most common situation where SRR is unknown. In this situation, data simulation was used together with linear regression in order to study the expected relationship between sample size and precision. Results The performance of the first sample size calculator was studied in terms of the coverage of the confidence intervals for SCR. The results pointed out to eventual problems of under or over coverage for sample sizes ≤250 in very low and high malaria transmission settings (SCR ≤ 0.0036 and SCR ≥ 0.29, respectively). The correct coverage was obtained for the remaining transmission intensities with sample sizes ≥ 50. Sample size determination was then carried out for cross-sectional surveys using realistic SCRs from past sero-epidemiological studies and typical age distributions from African and non-African populations. For SCR < 0.058, African studies require a larger sample size than their non-African counterparts in order to obtain the same precision. The opposite happens for the remaining transmission intensities. With respect to the second sample size calculator, simulation unravelled the likelihood of not having enough information to estimate SRR in low transmission settings (SCR ≤ 0.0108). In that case, the respective estimates tend to underestimate the true SCR. This problem is minimized by sample sizes of no less than 500 individuals. The sample sizes determined by this second method highlighted the prior expectation that, when SRR is not known, sample sizes are increased in relation to the situation of a known SRR. In contrast to the first sample size calculation, African studies would now require lesser individuals than their counterparts conducted elsewhere, irrespective of the transmission intensity. Conclusions Although the proposed sample size calculators can be instrumental to design future cross-sectional surveys, the choice of a particular sample size must be seen as a much broader exercise that involves weighting statistical precision with ethical issues, available human and economic resources, and possible time constraints. Moreover, if the sample size determination is carried out on varying transmission intensities, as done here, the respective sample sizes can also be used in studies comparing sites with different malaria transmission intensities. In conclusion, the proposed sample size calculators are a step towards the design of better sero-epidemiological studies. Their basic ideas show promise to be applied to the planning of alternative sampling schemes that may target or oversample specific age groups. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12936-015-0661-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuno Sepúlveda
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, WC1E 7HT, London, UK. .,Center of Statistics and Applications of University of Lisbon, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Bloco C6 - Piso 4, 1749-1016, Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Chris Drakeley
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, WC1E 7HT, London, UK.
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Haralambieva IH, Simon WL, Kennedy RB, Ovsyannikova IG, Warner ND, Grill DE, Poland GA. Profiling of measles-specific humoral immunity in individuals following two doses of MMR vaccine using proteome microarrays. Viruses 2015; 7:1113-33. [PMID: 25763865 PMCID: PMC4379563 DOI: 10.3390/v7031113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 02/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Comprehensive evaluation of measles-specific humoral immunity after vaccination is important for determining new and/or additional correlates of vaccine immunogenicity and efficacy. METHODS We used a novel proteome microarray technology and statistical modeling to identify factors and models associated with measles-specific functional protective immunity in 150 measles vaccine recipients representing the extremes of neutralizing antibody response after two vaccine doses. RESULTS Our findings demonstrate a high seroprevalence of antibodies directed to the measles virus (MV) phosphoprotein (P), nucleoprotein (N), as well as antibodies to the large polymerase (L) protein (fragment 1234 to 1900 AA). Antibodies to these proteins, in addition to anti-F antibodies (and, to a lesser extent, anti-H antibodies), were correlated with neutralizing antibody titer and/or were associated with and predictive of neutralizing antibody response. CONCLUSION Our results identify antibodies to specific measles virus proteins and statistical models for monitoring and assessment of measles-specific functional protective immunity in vaccinated individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iana H Haralambieva
- Mayo Vaccine Research Group, Mayo Clinic, Guggenheim 611C, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
- Program in Translational Immunovirology and Biodefense, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
| | - Whitney L Simon
- Mayo Vaccine Research Group, Mayo Clinic, Guggenheim 611C, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
| | - Richard B Kennedy
- Mayo Vaccine Research Group, Mayo Clinic, Guggenheim 611C, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
- Program in Translational Immunovirology and Biodefense, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
| | - Inna G Ovsyannikova
- Mayo Vaccine Research Group, Mayo Clinic, Guggenheim 611C, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
- Program in Translational Immunovirology and Biodefense, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
| | - Nathaniel D Warner
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
| | - Diane E Grill
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
| | - Gregory A Poland
- Mayo Vaccine Research Group, Mayo Clinic, Guggenheim 611C, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
- Program in Translational Immunovirology and Biodefense, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
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Baum E, Sattabongkot J, Sirichaisinthop J, Kiattibutr K, Davies DH, Jain A, Lo E, Lee MC, Randall AZ, Molina DM, Liang X, Cui L, Felgner PL, Yan G. Submicroscopic and asymptomatic Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax infections are common in western Thailand - molecular and serological evidence. Malar J 2015; 14:95. [PMID: 25849211 PMCID: PMC4342942 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-015-0611-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Malaria is a public health problem in parts of Thailand, where Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax are the main causes of infection. In the northwestern border province of Tak parasite prevalence is now estimated to be less than 1% by microscopy. Nonetheless, microscopy is insensitive at low-level parasitaemia. The objective of this study was to assess the current epidemiology of falciparum and vivax malaria in Tak using molecular methods to detect exposure to and infection with parasites; in particular, the prevalence of asymptomatic infections and infections with submicroscopic parasite levels. Methods Three-hundred microlitres of whole blood from finger-prick were collected into capillary tubes from residents of a sentinel village and from patients at a malaria clinic. Pelleted cellular fractions were screened by quantitative PCR to determine parasite prevalence, while plasma was probed on a protein microarray displaying hundreds of P. falciparum and P. vivax proteins to obtain antibody response profiles in those individuals. Results Of 219 samples from the village, qPCR detected 25 (11.4%) Plasmodium sp. infections, of which 92% were asymptomatic and 100% were submicroscopic. Of 61 samples from the clinic patients, 27 (44.3%) were positive by qPCR, of which 25.9% had submicroscopic parasite levels. Cryptic mixed infections, misdiagnosed as single-species infections by microscopy, were found in 7 (25.9%) malaria patients. All sample donors, parasitaemic and non-parasitaemic alike, had serological evidence of parasite exposure, with 100% seropositivity to at least 54 antigens. Antigens significantly associated with asymptomatic infections were P. falciparum MSP2, DnaJ protein, putative E1E2 ATPase, and three others. Conclusion These findings suggest that parasite prevalence is higher than currently estimated by local authorities based on the standard light microscopy. As transmission levels drop in Thailand, it may be necessary to employ higher throughput and sensitivity methods for parasite detection in the phase of malaria elimination. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12936-015-0611-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Noland GS, Jansen P, Vulule JM, Park GS, Ondigo BN, Kazura JW, Moormann AM, John CC. Effect of transmission intensity and age on subclass antibody responses to Plasmodium falciparum pre-erythrocytic and blood-stage antigens. Acta Trop 2015; 142:47-56. [PMID: 25446174 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2014.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2014] [Revised: 08/27/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Cytophilic immunoglobulin (IgG) subclass responses (IgG1 and IgG3) to Plasmodium falciparum antigens have been associated with protection from malaria, yet the relative importance of transmission intensity and age in generation of subclass responses to pre-erythrocytic and blood-stage antigens have not been clearly defined. We analyzed IgG subclass responses to the pre-erythrocytic antigens CSP, LSA-1, and TRAP and the blood-stage antigens AMA-1, EBA-175, and MSP-1 in asymptomatic residents age 2 years or older in stable (n=116) and unstable (n=96) transmission areas in Western Kenya. In the area of stable malaria transmission, a high prevalence of cytophilic (IgG1 and IgG3) antibodies to each antigen was seen in all age groups. Prevalence and levels of cytophilic antibodies to pre-erythrocytic and blood-stage P. falciparum antigens increased with age in the unstable transmission area, yet IgG1 and IgG3 responses to most antigens for all ages in the unstable transmission area were less prevalent and lower in magnitude than even the youngest age group from the stable transmission area. The dominance of cytophilic responses over non-cytophilic (IgG2 and IgG4) was more pronounced in the stable transmission area, and the ratio of IgG3 over IgG1 generally increased with age. In the unstable transmission area, the ratio of cytophilic to non-cytophilic antibodies did not increase with age, and tended to be IgG3-biased for pre-erythrocytic antigens yet IgG1-biased for blood-stage antigens. The differences between areas could not be attributed to active parasitemia status, as there were minimal differences in antibody responses between those positive and negative for Plasmodium infection by microscopy in the stable transmission area. Individuals in areas of unstable transmission have low cytophilic to non-cytophilic IgG subclass ratios and low IgG3:IgG1 ratios to P. falciparum antigens. These imbalances could contribute to the persistent risk of clinical malaria in these areas and serve as population-level, age-specific biomarkers of transmission.
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Bailey JA, Pablo J, Niangaly A, Travassos MA, Ouattara A, Coulibaly D, Laurens MB, Takala-Harrison SL, Lyke KE, Skinner J, Berry AA, Jasinskas A, Nakajima-Sasaki R, Kouriba B, Thera MA, Felgner PL, Doumbo OK, Plowe CV. Seroreactivity to a large panel of field-derived Plasmodium falciparum apical membrane antigen 1 and merozoite surface protein 1 variants reflects seasonal and lifetime acquired responses to malaria. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2015; 92:9-12. [PMID: 25294612 PMCID: PMC4347399 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.14-0140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2014] [Accepted: 07/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Parasite antigen diversity poses an obstacle to developing an effective malaria vaccine. A protein microarray containing Plasmodium falciparum apical membrane antigen 1 (AMA1, n = 57) and merozoite surface protein 1 19-kD (MSP119, n = 10) variants prevalent at a malaria vaccine testing site in Bandiagara, Mali, was used to assess changes in seroreactivity caused by seasonal and lifetime exposure to malaria. Malian adults had significantly higher magnitude and breadth of seroreactivity to variants of both antigens than did Malian children. Seroreactivity increased over the course of the malaria season in children and adults, but the difference was more dramatic in children. These results help to validate diversity-covering protein microarrays as a promising tool for measuring the breadth of antibody responses to highly variant proteins, and demonstrate the potential of this new tool to help guide the development of malaria vaccines with strain-transcending efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason A Bailey
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/Center for Vaccine Development, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, California; Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; Malaria Research and Training Center, Department of Epidemiology of Parasitic Diseases, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technology, Bamako, Mali
| | - Jozelyn Pablo
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/Center for Vaccine Development, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, California; Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; Malaria Research and Training Center, Department of Epidemiology of Parasitic Diseases, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technology, Bamako, Mali
| | - Amadou Niangaly
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/Center for Vaccine Development, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, California; Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; Malaria Research and Training Center, Department of Epidemiology of Parasitic Diseases, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technology, Bamako, Mali
| | - Mark A Travassos
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/Center for Vaccine Development, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, California; Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; Malaria Research and Training Center, Department of Epidemiology of Parasitic Diseases, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technology, Bamako, Mali
| | - Amed Ouattara
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/Center for Vaccine Development, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, California; Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; Malaria Research and Training Center, Department of Epidemiology of Parasitic Diseases, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technology, Bamako, Mali
| | - Drissa Coulibaly
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/Center for Vaccine Development, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, California; Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; Malaria Research and Training Center, Department of Epidemiology of Parasitic Diseases, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technology, Bamako, Mali
| | - Matthew B Laurens
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/Center for Vaccine Development, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, California; Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; Malaria Research and Training Center, Department of Epidemiology of Parasitic Diseases, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technology, Bamako, Mali
| | - Shannon L Takala-Harrison
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/Center for Vaccine Development, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, California; Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; Malaria Research and Training Center, Department of Epidemiology of Parasitic Diseases, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technology, Bamako, Mali
| | - Kirsten E Lyke
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/Center for Vaccine Development, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, California; Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; Malaria Research and Training Center, Department of Epidemiology of Parasitic Diseases, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technology, Bamako, Mali
| | - Jeff Skinner
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/Center for Vaccine Development, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, California; Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; Malaria Research and Training Center, Department of Epidemiology of Parasitic Diseases, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technology, Bamako, Mali
| | - Andrea A Berry
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/Center for Vaccine Development, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, California; Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; Malaria Research and Training Center, Department of Epidemiology of Parasitic Diseases, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technology, Bamako, Mali
| | - Algis Jasinskas
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/Center for Vaccine Development, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, California; Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; Malaria Research and Training Center, Department of Epidemiology of Parasitic Diseases, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technology, Bamako, Mali
| | - Rie Nakajima-Sasaki
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/Center for Vaccine Development, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, California; Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; Malaria Research and Training Center, Department of Epidemiology of Parasitic Diseases, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technology, Bamako, Mali
| | - Bourema Kouriba
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/Center for Vaccine Development, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, California; Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; Malaria Research and Training Center, Department of Epidemiology of Parasitic Diseases, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technology, Bamako, Mali
| | - Mahamadou A Thera
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/Center for Vaccine Development, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, California; Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; Malaria Research and Training Center, Department of Epidemiology of Parasitic Diseases, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technology, Bamako, Mali
| | - Philip L Felgner
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/Center for Vaccine Development, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, California; Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; Malaria Research and Training Center, Department of Epidemiology of Parasitic Diseases, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technology, Bamako, Mali
| | - Ogobara K Doumbo
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/Center for Vaccine Development, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, California; Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; Malaria Research and Training Center, Department of Epidemiology of Parasitic Diseases, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technology, Bamako, Mali
| | - Christopher V Plowe
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/Center for Vaccine Development, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, California; Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; Malaria Research and Training Center, Department of Epidemiology of Parasitic Diseases, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technology, Bamako, Mali
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Chia WN, Goh YS, Rénia L. Novel approaches to identify protective malaria vaccine candidates. Front Microbiol 2014; 5:586. [PMID: 25452745 PMCID: PMC4233905 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2014.00586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 10/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Efforts to develop vaccines against malaria have been the focus of substantial research activities for decades. Several categories of candidate vaccines are currently being developed for protection against malaria, based on antigens corresponding to the pre-erythrocytic, blood stage, or sexual stages of the parasite. Long lasting sterile protection from Plasmodium falciparum sporozoite challenge has been observed in human following vaccination with whole parasite formulations, clearly demonstrating that a protective immune response targeting predominantly the pre-erythrocytic stages can develop against malaria. However, most of vaccine candidates currently being investigated, which are mostly subunits vaccines, have not been able to induce substantial (>50%) protection thus far. This is due to the fact that the antigens responsible for protection against the different parasite stages are still yet to be known and relevant correlates of protection have remained elusive. For a vaccine to be developed in a timely manner, novel approaches are required. In this article, we review the novel approaches that have been developed to identify the antigens for the development of an effective malaria vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan Ni Chia
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research Singapore, Singapore ; Department of Microbiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yun Shan Goh
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research Singapore, Singapore
| | - Laurent Rénia
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research Singapore, Singapore ; Department of Microbiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore Singapore, Singapore
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Elliott SR, Fowkes FJ, Richards JS, Reiling L, Drew DR, Beeson JG. Research priorities for the development and implementation of serological tools for malaria surveillance. F1000PRIME REPORTS 2014; 6:100. [PMID: 25580254 PMCID: PMC4229730 DOI: 10.12703/p6-100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Surveillance is a key component of control and elimination programs. Malaria surveillance has been typically reliant on case reporting by health services, entomological estimates and parasitemia (Plasmodium species) point prevalence. However, these techniques become less sensitive and relatively costly as transmission declines. There is great potential for the development and application of serological biomarkers of malaria exposure as sero-surveillance tools to strengthen malaria control and elimination. Antibodies to malaria antigens are sensitive biomarkers of population-level malaria exposure and can be used to identify hotspots of malaria transmission, estimate transmission levels, monitor changes over time or the impact of interventions on transmission, confirm malaria elimination, and monitor re-emergence of malaria. Sero-surveillance tools could be used in reference laboratories or developed as simple point-of-care tests for community-based surveillance, and different applications and target populations dictate the technical performance required from assays that are determined by properties of antigens and antibody responses. To advance the development of sero-surveillance tools for malaria elimination, major gaps in our knowledge need to be addressed through further research. These include greater knowledge of potential antigens, the sensitivity and specificity of antibody responses, and the longevity of these responses and defining antigens and antibodies that differentiate between exposure to Plasmodium falciparum and P. vivax. Additionally, a better understanding of the influence of host factors, such as age, genetics, and comorbidities on antibody responses in different populations is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Freya J.I. Fowkes
- Burnet Institute85 Commercial Road, Melbourne, Victoria 3004Australia
- School of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University99 Commercial Road, Victoria 3004Australia
- School of Population Health and Department of Medicine (RMH), University of MelbourneVictoria 3010Australia
| | - Jack S. Richards
- Burnet Institute85 Commercial Road, Melbourne, Victoria 3004Australia
- School of Population Health and Department of Medicine (RMH), University of MelbourneVictoria 3010Australia
- Department of Microbiology, Monash UniversityVictoria 3800Australia
| | - Linda Reiling
- Burnet Institute85 Commercial Road, Melbourne, Victoria 3004Australia
| | - Damien R. Drew
- Burnet Institute85 Commercial Road, Melbourne, Victoria 3004Australia
| | - James G. Beeson
- Burnet Institute85 Commercial Road, Melbourne, Victoria 3004Australia
- School of Population Health and Department of Medicine (RMH), University of MelbourneVictoria 3010Australia
- Department of Microbiology, Monash UniversityVictoria 3800Australia
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Perraut R, Richard V, Varela ML, Trape JF, Guillotte M, Tall A, Toure A, Sokhna C, Vigan-Womas I, Mercereau-Puijalon O. Comparative analysis of IgG responses to Plasmodium falciparum MSP1p19 and PF13-DBL1α1 using ELISA and a magnetic bead-based duplex assay (MAGPIX®-Luminex) in a Senegalese meso-endemic community. Malar J 2014; 13:410. [PMID: 25326042 PMCID: PMC4221706 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2875-13-410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Accepted: 10/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Numerous Plasmodium falciparum antigens elicit humoral responses in humans living in endemic areas. Use of multiplex assays is a convenient approach to monitor the antibody response against multiple antigens, but to integrate multiplex assay-derived data with datasets, generated previously using ELISA, comparative studies are needed. This work compares antibody responses to two P. falciparum antigens monitored using both technologies. Methods The IgG response against the merozoite surface protein-1 PfMSP1p19 and the PF13-DBL1α1 domain of the P. falciparum Erythrocyte Membrane Protein1, expressed by the rosette-forming parasite 3D7/PF13 (PF13), was investigated using ELISA and a MAGPIX®-Luminex duplex assay. Archived plasma samples collected before the rainy season from 217 villagers living in Ndiop, a Senegalese meso-endemic setting, were studied. ROC analysis was used to define the optimal antibody measure readout. Association of antibody levels with protection against clinical malaria was analysed using Poisson regression in a retrospective study from active case detection records performed during the 5.5-month transmission season that followed blood sampling. Results There was a strong positive correlation (P <10-3) between ELISA and MAGPIX®-Luminex-MFI (median fluorescence intensity) values for antibody to PfMSP1p19 (rho = 0.78) and PF13-DBL1α1 (rho = 0.89), with a similar degree of concordance in all age groups. Antibody levels to both antigens were high but displayed a different age-associated pattern. Independent age-adjusted Poisson regression analysis showed a significant association with protection only for IgG responses to MSP1p19 (P <0.01 RR = 0.71 [0.53-0.93]) measured by ELISA. Conclusion The individual ELISA and duplex-MAGPIX assays provide a concordant evaluation of age-associated antibody responses to MSP1p19 and PF13-DBL1α1, irrespective of the formulation of antibody levels (values, ratios or ROC-adjusted figures) but do diverge with regard to the association of antibody levels with clinical protection in age-adjusted models. This may reflect incomplete overlap of the epitopes presented in the two formats. Further development for multiplex assessment of antibody responses to a larger panel of antigens with the robust and cost effective MAGPIX®-Luminex technology is warranted. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1475-2875-13-410) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald Perraut
- Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Unité d'Immunologie, Dakar, Sénégal.
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