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Jeyagaran A, Urbanczyk M, Layland SL, Weise F, Schenke-Layland K. Forward programming of hiPSCs towards beta-like cells using Ngn3, Pdx1, and MafA. Sci Rep 2024; 14:13608. [PMID: 38871849 PMCID: PMC11176171 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-64346-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Transplantation of stem cell-derived β-cells is a promising therapeutic advancement in the treatment of type 1 diabetes mellitus. A current limitation of this approach is the long differentiation timeline that generates a heterogeneous population of pancreatic endocrine cells. To address this limitation, an inducible lentiviral overexpression system of mature β-cell markers was introduced into human induced-pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs). Following the selection of the successfully transduced hiPSCs, the cells were treated with doxycycline in the pancreatic progenitor induction medium to support their transition toward the pancreatic lineage. Cells cultured with doxycycline presented the markers of interest, NGN3, PDX1, and MAFA, after five days of culture, and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion assays demonstrated that the cells were glucose-responsive in a monolayer culture. When cultured as a spheroid, the markers of interest and insulin secretion in a static glucose-stimulated insulin secretion assay were maintained; however, insulin secretion upon consecutive glucose challenges was limited. Comparison to human fetal and adult donor tissues identified that although the hiPSC-derived spheroids present similar markers to adult insulin-producing cells, they are functionally representative of fetal development. Together, these results suggest that with optimization of the temporal expression of these markers, forward programming of hiPSCs towards insulin-producing cells could be a possible alternative for islet transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abiramy Jeyagaran
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department for Medical Technologies and Regenerative Medicine, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Max Urbanczyk
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department for Medical Technologies and Regenerative Medicine, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Shannon L Layland
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department for Medical Technologies and Regenerative Medicine, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Women's Health, Eberhard Karls University, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Frank Weise
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University Tübingen, 72770, Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Katja Schenke-Layland
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department for Medical Technologies and Regenerative Medicine, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University Tübingen, 72770, Reutlingen, Germany.
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2
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Ashok A, Kalthur G, Kumar A. Degradation meets development: Implications in β-cell development and diabetes. Cell Biol Int 2024; 48:759-776. [PMID: 38499517 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.12155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Pancreatic development is orchestrated by timely synthesis and degradation of stage-specific transcription factors (TFs). The transition from one stage to another stage is dependent on the precise expression of the developmentally relevant TFs. Persistent expression of particular TF would impede the exit from the progenitor stage to the matured cell type. Intracellular protein degradation-mediated protein turnover contributes to a major extent to the turnover of these TFs and thereby dictates the development of different tissues. Since even subtle changes in the crucial cellular pathways would dramatically impact pancreatic β-cell performance, it is generally acknowledged that the biological activity of these pathways is tightly regulated by protein synthesis and degradation process. Intracellular protein degradation is executed majorly by the ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) and Lysosomal degradation pathway. As more than 90% of the TFs are targeted to proteasomal degradation, this review aims to examine the crucial role of UPS in normal pancreatic β-cell development and how dysfunction of these pathways manifests in metabolic syndromes such as diabetes. Such understanding would facilitate designing a faithful approach to obtain a therapeutic quality of β-cells from stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akshaya Ashok
- Manipal Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Bangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Guruprasad Kalthur
- Division of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Department of Reproductive Science, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Anujith Kumar
- Manipal Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Bangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
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3
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Wang Y, Liu Z, Li S, Su X, Lai KP, Li R. Biochemical pancreatic β-cell lineage reprogramming: Various cell fate shifts. Curr Res Transl Med 2024; 72:103412. [PMID: 38246021 DOI: 10.1016/j.retram.2023.103412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
The incidence of pancreatic diseases has been continuously rising in recent years. Thus, research on pancreatic regeneration is becoming more popular. Chronic hyperglycemia is detrimental to pancreatic β-cells, leading to impairment of insulin secretion which is the main hallmark of pancreatic diseases. Obtaining plenty of functional pancreatic β-cells is the most crucial aspect when studying pancreatic biology and treating diabetes. According to the International Diabetes Federation, diabetes has become a global epidemic, with about 3 million people suffering from diabetes worldwide. Hyperglycemia can lead to many dangerous diseases, including amputation, blindness, neuropathy, stroke, and cardiovascular and kidney diseases. Insulin is widely used in the treatment of diabetes; however, innovative approaches are needed in the academic and preclinical stages. A new approach aims at synthesizing patient-specific functional pancreatic β-cells. The present article focuses on how cells from different tissues can be transformed into pancreatic β-cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Integrative Omics, Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guilin Medical University, 1 Zhiyuan Road, Lingui District, Guilin 541199, China
| | - Zhuoqing Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Shengren Li
- Lingui Clinical College of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Xuejuan Su
- Lingui Clinical College of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Keng Po Lai
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Integrative Omics, Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guilin Medical University, 1 Zhiyuan Road, Lingui District, Guilin 541199, China
| | - Rong Li
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Integrative Omics, Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guilin Medical University, 1 Zhiyuan Road, Lingui District, Guilin 541199, China.
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4
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Kimani CN, Reuter H, Kotzé SH, Venter P, Ramharack P, Muller CJF. Pancreatic beta cell regenerative potential of Zanthoxylum chalybeum Engl. Aqueous stem bark extract. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 320:117374. [PMID: 37944876 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Zanthoxylum chalybeum Engl. is endemic to Africa and has been used traditionally to treat diabetes mellitus. Moreover, its pharmacological efficacy has been confirmed experimentally using in vitro and in vivo models of diabetes. However, the effects of Z. chalybeum extracts and its major constituent compounds on beta cell and islet regeneration are not clear. Further, the mechanisms associated with observed antidiabetic effects at the beta cell level are not fully elucidated. AIM OF THE STUDY We determined the beta cell regenerative efficacy of Z. chalybeum aqueous stem bark extract, identified the chemical compounds in Z. chalybeum aqueous stem bark extracts and explored their putative mechanisms of action. MATERIALS AND METHODS Phytochemical profiling of the Z. chalybeum extract was achieved using ultra high-performance liquid chromatography hyphenated to high-resolution mass spectrometry. Thereafter, molecular interactions of the compounds with beta cell regeneration targets were evaluated via molecular docking. In vitro, effects of the extract on cell viability, proliferation, apoptosis and oxidative stress were investigated in RIN-5F beta cells exposed to palmitate or streptozotocin. In vivo, pancreas tissue sections from streptozotocin-induced diabetic male Wistar rats treated with Z. chalybeum extract were stained for insulin, glucagon, pancreatic duodenal homeobox protein 1 (Pdx-1) and Ki-67. RESULTS Based on ligand target and molecular docking interactions diosmin was identified as a dual specificity tyrosine-phosphorylation-regulated kinase 1A (Dyrk1A) inhibitor. In vitro, Z. chalybeum augmented cell viability and cell proliferation while in palmitate-pre-treated cells, the extract significantly increased cell activity after 72 h. In vivo, although morphometric analysis showed decreased islet and beta cell size and density, observation of increased Pdx-1 and Ki-67 immunoreactivity in extract-treated islets suggests that Z. chalybeum extract has mild beta cell regenerative potential mediated by increased cell proliferation. CONCLUSIONS Overall, the mitogenic effects observed in vitro, were not robust enough to elicit sufficient recovery of functional beta cell mass in our in vivo model, in the context of a sustained diabetic milieu. However, the identification of diosmin as a potential Dyrk1A inhibitor merits further inquiry into the attendant molecular interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clare Njoki Kimani
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform (BRIP), South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC), Tygerberg, 7505, South Africa; Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, PO Box 241, Cape Town, 8000, South Africa; Department of Non-communicable Diseases, Institute of Primate Research, PO Box 24481, Karen, Nairobi, Kenya.
| | - Helmuth Reuter
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, PO Box 241, Cape Town, 8000, South Africa
| | - Sanet Henriët Kotzé
- Division of Clinical Anatomy, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, PO Box 241, Cape Town, 8000, South Africa; Division of Anatomy, Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Ross University, PO Box 334, Basseterre, Saint Kitts and Nevis
| | - Pieter Venter
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform (BRIP), South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC), Tygerberg, 7505, South Africa
| | - Pritika Ramharack
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform (BRIP), South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC), Tygerberg, 7505, South Africa; Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban, 4001, South Africa
| | - Christo John Frederick Muller
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform (BRIP), South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC), Tygerberg, 7505, South Africa; Centre for Cardio-Metabolic Research in Africa, Division of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, 7600, South Africa; Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa, 3886, South Africa
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5
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Abidov M, Sokolova K, Danilova I, Baykenova M, Gette I, Mychlynina E, Aydin Ozgur B, Gurol AO, Yilmaz MT. Hepatic insulin synthesis increases in rat models of diabetes mellitus type 1 and 2 differently. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0294432. [PMID: 38019818 PMCID: PMC10686419 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0294432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin-positive (+) cells (IPCs), detected in multiple organs, are of great interest as a probable alternative to ameliorate pancreatic beta-cells dysfunction and insulin deficiency in diabetes. Liver is a potential source of IPCs due to it common embryological origin with pancreas. We previously demonstrated the presence of IPCs in the liver of healthy and diabetic rats, but detailed description and analysis of the factors, which potentially can induced ectopic hepatic expression of insulin in type 1 (T1D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D), were not performed. In present study we evaluate mass of hepatic IPCs in the rat models of T1D and T2D and discuss factors, which may stimulate it generation: glycaemia, organ injury, involving of hepatic stem/progenitor cell compartment, expression of transcription factors and inflammation. Quantity of IPCs in the liver was up by 1.7-fold in rats with T1D and 10-fold in T2D compared to non-diabetic (ND) rats. We concluded that ectopic hepatic expression of insulin gene is activated by combined action of a number of factors, with inflammation playing a decision role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Musa Abidov
- Institute of Immunopathology and Preventive Medicine, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Ksenia Sokolova
- Institute of Immunology and Physiology, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Yekaterinburg, Russian Federation
| | - Irina Danilova
- Institute of Immunology and Physiology, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Yekaterinburg, Russian Federation
| | - Madina Baykenova
- Kostanay Oblast Tuberculosis Dispensary, Kostanay, Republic of Kazakhstan
| | - Irina Gette
- Institute of Immunology and Physiology, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Yekaterinburg, Russian Federation
| | - Elena Mychlynina
- Institute of Immunology and Physiology, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Yekaterinburg, Russian Federation
| | - Burcin Aydin Ozgur
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Demiroglu Bilim University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Diabetes Application and Research Center, Demiroglu Bilim University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ali Osman Gurol
- Department of Immunology, Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Diabetes Application and Research Center, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - M. Temel Yilmaz
- International Diabetes Center, Acibadem University, Istanbul, Turkey
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6
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Fontcuberta-PiSunyer M, García-Alamán A, Prades È, Téllez N, Alves-Figueiredo H, Ramos-Rodríguez M, Enrich C, Fernandez-Ruiz R, Cervantes S, Clua L, Ramón-Azcón J, Broca C, Wojtusciszyn A, Montserrat N, Pasquali L, Novials A, Servitja JM, Vidal J, Gomis R, Gasa R. Direct reprogramming of human fibroblasts into insulin-producing cells using transcription factors. Commun Biol 2023; 6:256. [PMID: 36964318 PMCID: PMC10039074 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-04627-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Direct lineage reprogramming of one somatic cell into another without transitioning through a progenitor stage has emerged as a strategy to generate clinically relevant cell types. One cell type of interest is the pancreatic insulin-producing β cell whose loss and/or dysfunction leads to diabetes. To date it has been possible to create β-like cells from related endodermal cell types by forcing the expression of developmental transcription factors, but not from more distant cell lineages like fibroblasts. In light of the therapeutic benefits of choosing an accessible cell type as the cell of origin, in this study we set out to analyze the feasibility of transforming human skin fibroblasts into β-like cells. We describe how the timed-introduction of five developmental transcription factors (Neurog3, Pdx1, MafA, Pax4, and Nkx2-2) promotes conversion of fibroblasts toward a β-cell fate. Reprogrammed cells exhibit β-cell features including β-cell gene expression and glucose-responsive intracellular calcium mobilization. Moreover, reprogrammed cells display glucose-induced insulin secretion in vitro and in vivo. This work provides proof-of-concept of the capacity to make insulin-producing cells from human fibroblasts via transcription factor-mediated direct reprogramming.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ainhoa García-Alamán
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Èlia Prades
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Noèlia Téllez
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Faculty of Medicine of University of Vic, Central University of Catalonia (UVic-UCC), Vic, Spain
- Institute of Health Research and Innovation at Central Catalonia (IRIS-CC), Vic, Spain
| | - Hugo Alves-Figueiredo
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Tecnológico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Monterrey, N.L., México
| | | | - Carlos Enrich
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rebeca Fernandez-Ruiz
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara Cervantes
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Clua
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Javier Ramón-Azcón
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
- Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Christophe Broca
- CHU Montpellier, Laboratory of Cell Therapy for Diabetes (LTCD), Hospital St-Eloi, Montpellier, France
| | - Anne Wojtusciszyn
- CHU Montpellier, Laboratory of Cell Therapy for Diabetes (LTCD), Hospital St-Eloi, Montpellier, France
- Service of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nuria Montserrat
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
- Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lorenzo Pasquali
- Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Novials
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Joan-Marc Servitja
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Josep Vidal
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ramon Gomis
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosa Gasa
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
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7
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Chen H, Liu J, Shi GP, Zhang X. Protocol for in vivo and ex vivo assessment of hyperglycemia and islet function in diabetic mice. STAR Protoc 2023; 4:102133. [PMID: 36861836 PMCID: PMC9985025 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2023.102133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Mouse hyperglycemia model and islet function assessment are essential in diabetes research. Here, we provide a protocol to evaluate glucose homeostasis and islet functions in diabetic mice and isolated islets. We describe steps for establishing type 1 and 2 diabetes, glucose tolerance test, insulin tolerance test, glucose stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) assay, and histological analysis for islet number and insulin expression in vivo. We then detail islet isolation, islet GSIS, β-cell proliferation, apoptosis, and programming assays ex vivo. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Zhang et al. (2022).1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Chen
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230009, China
| | - Jian Liu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230009, China; Engineering Research Center of Bioprocess, Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230009, China
| | - Guo-Ping Shi
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Xian Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230009, China; Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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8
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Ebrahim N, Shakirova K, Dashinimaev E. PDX1 is the cornerstone of pancreatic β-cell functions and identity. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:1091757. [PMID: 36589234 PMCID: PMC9798421 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.1091757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes has been a worldwide healthcare problem for many years. Current methods of treating diabetes are still largely directed at symptoms, aiming to control the manifestations of the pathology. This creates an overall need to find alternative measures that can impact on the causes of the disease, reverse diabetes, or make it more manageable. Understanding the role of key players in the pathogenesis of diabetes and the related β-cell functions is of great importance in combating diabetes. PDX1 is a master regulator in pancreas organogenesis, the maturation and identity preservation of β-cells, and of their role in normal insulin function. Mutations in the PDX1 gene are correlated with many pancreatic dysfunctions, including pancreatic agenesis (homozygous mutation) and MODY4 (heterozygous mutation), while in other types of diabetes, PDX1 expression is reduced. Therefore, alternative approaches to treat diabetes largely depend on knowledge of PDX1 regulation, its interaction with other transcription factors, and its role in obtaining β-cells through differentiation and transdifferentiation protocols. In this article, we review the basic functions of PDX1 and its regulation by genetic and epigenetic factors. Lastly, we summarize different variations of the differentiation protocols used to obtain β-cells from alternative cell sources, using PDX1 alone or in combination with various transcription factors and modified culture conditions. This review shows the unique position of PDX1 as a potential target in the genetic and cellular treatment of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nour Ebrahim
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia,Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (State University), Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Ksenia Shakirova
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Erdem Dashinimaev
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia,Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (State University), Dolgoprudny, Russia,*Correspondence: Erdem Dashinimaev,
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9
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Jeyagaran A, Lu CE, Zbinden A, Birkenfeld AL, Brucker SY, Layland SL. Type 1 diabetes and engineering enhanced islet transplantation. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 189:114481. [PMID: 36002043 PMCID: PMC9531713 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The development of new therapeutic approaches to treat type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) relies on the precise understanding and deciphering of insulin-secreting β-cell biology, as well as the mechanisms responsible for their autoimmune destruction. β-cell or islet transplantation is viewed as a potential long-term therapy for the millions of patients with diabetes. To advance the field of insulin-secreting cell transplantation, two main research areas are currently investigated by the scientific community: (1) the identification of the developmental pathways that drive the differentiation of stem cells into insulin-producing cells, providing an inexhaustible source of cells; and (2) transplantation strategies and engineered transplants to provide protection and enhance the functionality of transplanted cells. In this review, we discuss the biology of pancreatic β-cells, pathology of T1D and current state of β-cell differentiation. We give a comprehensive view and discuss the different possibilities to engineer enhanced insulin-secreting cell/islet transplantation from a translational perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abiramy Jeyagaran
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department for Medical Technologies and Regenerative Medicine, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University Tübingen, 72770 Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Chuan-En Lu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department for Medical Technologies and Regenerative Medicine, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Aline Zbinden
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Andreas L Birkenfeld
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases (IDM) of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tübingen, German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Munich, Germany
| | - Sara Y Brucker
- Department of Women's Health, Eberhard Karls University, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Shannon L Layland
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department for Medical Technologies and Regenerative Medicine, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; Department of Women's Health, Eberhard Karls University, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
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10
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Pancreatic Transdifferentiation Using β-Cell Transcription Factors for Type 1 Diabetes Treatment. Cells 2022; 11:cells11142145. [PMID: 35883588 PMCID: PMC9315695 DOI: 10.3390/cells11142145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes is a chronic illness in which the native beta (β)-cell population responsible for insulin release has been the subject of autoimmune destruction. This condition requires patients to frequently measure their blood glucose concentration and administer multiple daily exogenous insulin injections accordingly. Current treatments fail to effectively treat the disease without significant side effects, and this has led to the exploration of different approaches for its treatment. Gene therapy and the use of viral vectors has been explored extensively and has been successful in treating a range of diseases. The use of viral vectors to deliver β-cell transcription factors has been researched in the context of type 1 diabetes to induce the pancreatic transdifferentiation of cells to replace the β-cell population destroyed in patients. Studies have used various combinations of pancreatic and β-cell transcription factors in order to induce pancreatic transdifferentiation and have achieved varying levels of success. This review will outline why pancreatic transcription factors have been utilised and how their application can allow the development of insulin-producing cells from non β-cells and potentially act as a cure for type 1 diabetes.
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11
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Baikenova MB, Chereshnev VA, Sokolova KV, Gette IF, Emelyanov VV, Danilova IG. Hepatic Insulin-Positive Cells and Major Transcription Factors (PDX1, MAFA, NGN3) in Rat Models of Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. J EVOL BIOCHEM PHYS+ 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022093021040037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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12
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Zhang T, Wang H, Wang T, Wei C, Jiang H, Jiang S, Yang J, Shao J, Ma L. Pax4 synergistically acts with Pdx1, Ngn3 and MafA to induce HuMSCs to differentiate into functional pancreatic β-cells. Exp Ther Med 2019; 18:2592-2598. [PMID: 31572507 PMCID: PMC6755441 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.7854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been indicated that the combination of pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1 (Pdx1), MAF bZIP transcription factor A (MafA) and neurogenin 3 (Ngn3) was able to reprogram various cell types towards pancreatic β-like cells (pβLCs). Paired box 4 (Pax4), a transcription factor, has a key role in regulating the maturation of pancreatic β-cells (pβCs). In the present study, it was investigated whether Pax4 is able to synergistically act with Pdx1, Ngn3 and MafA to induce human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (HuMSCs) to differentiate into functional pβCs in vitro. HuMSCs were isolated, cultured and separately transfected with adenovirus (Ad) expressing enhanced green fluorescence protein, Pax4 (Ad-Pax4), Pdx1+MafA+Ngn3 (Ad-3F) or Ad-Pxa4 + Ad-3F. The expression of C-peptide, insulin and glucagon was detected by immunofluorescence. The transcription of a panel of genes was determined by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR, including glucagon (GCG), insulin (INS), NK6 homeobox 1 (NKX6-1), solute carrier family 2 member 2 (SLC2A2), glucokinase (GCK), proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 1 (PCSK1), neuronal differentiation 1 (NEUROD1), ISL LIM homeobox 1 (ISL 1), Pax6 and PCSK type 2 (PCSK2). Insulin secretion stimulated by glucose was determined using ELISA. The results suggested that, compared with Ad-3F alone, cells co-transfected with Ad-Pax4 and Ad-3F expressed higher levels of INS and C-peptide, as well as genes expressed in pancreatic β precursor cells, and secreted more insulin in response to high glucose. Furthermore, the expression of GCG in cells transfected with Ad-3F was depressed by Ad-Pax4. The present study demonstrated that Pax4 was able to synergistically act with the transcription factors Pdx1, Ngn3 and MafA to convert HuMSCs to functional pβLCs. HuMSCs may be potential seed cells for generating functional pβLCs in the therapy of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhang
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200062, P.R. China
| | - Hongwu Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, P.R. China
| | - Tianyou Wang
- Hematological Tumor Center, Beijing Children's Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing 100045, P.R. China
| | - Chiju Wei
- Multidisciplinary Research Center, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, P.R. China
| | - Hui Jiang
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200062, P.R. China
| | - Shayi Jiang
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200062, P.R. China
| | - Jingwei Yang
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200062, P.R. China
| | - Jingbo Shao
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200062, P.R. China
- Correspondence to: Dr Jingbo Shao, Department of Hematology and Oncology, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 355 Luding Road, Shanghai 200062, P.R. China, E-mail:
| | - Lian Ma
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, P.R. China
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518038, P.R. China
- Shenzhen Public Service Platform of Molecular Medicine in Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518038, P.R. China
- Dr Lian Ma, Department of Hematology and Oncology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, 7019 Yitian Road, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518038, P.R. China, E-mail:
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13
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF THE REVIEW Here, we review recent findings in the field of generating insulin-producing cells by pancreatic transcription factor (pTF)-induced liver transdifferentiation (TD). TD is the direct conversion of functional cell types from one lineage to another without passing through an intermediate stage of pluripotency. We address potential reasons for the restricted efficiency of TD and suggest modalities to overcome these challenges, to bring TD closer to its clinical implementation in autologous cell replacement therapy for insulin-dependent diabetes. RECENT FINDINGS Liver to pancreas TD is restricted to cells that are a priori predisposed to undergo the developmental process. In vivo, the predisposition of liver cells is affected by liver zonation and hepatic regeneration. The TD propensity of liver cells is related to permissive epigenome which could be extended to TD-resistant cells by specific soluble factors. An obligatory role for active Wnt signaling in continuously maintaining a "permissive" epigenome is suggested. Moreover, the restoration of the pancreatic niche and vasculature promotes the maturation of TD cells along the β cell function. Future studies on liver to pancreas TD should include the maturation of TD cells by 3D culture, the restoration of vasculature and the pancreatic niche, and the extension of TD propensity to TD-resistant cells by epigenetic modifications. Liver to pancreas TD is expected to result in the generation of custom-made "self" surrogate β cells for curing diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irit Meivar-Levy
- The Sheba Regenerative Medicine, Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Center, Sheba Medical Center, 56261, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
- Dia-Cure, Institute of Medical Scientific Research Acad. Nicolae Cajal, University Titu Maiorescu, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Sarah Ferber
- The Sheba Regenerative Medicine, Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Center, Sheba Medical Center, 56261, Tel-Hashomer, Israel.
- Dia-Cure, Institute of Medical Scientific Research Acad. Nicolae Cajal, University Titu Maiorescu, Bucharest, Romania.
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel.
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14
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Aydin S, Sağraç D, Şahin F. Differentiation Potential of Mesenchymal Stem Cells into Pancreatic β-Cells. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1247:135-156. [PMID: 32002800 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2019_476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Stem cells having the capability to differentiate into other type of cells and renewing themselves, gained so much importance in recent years. Investigations in stem cells revealed that mesenchymal stem cells can successfully differentiate into other type of cells like adipocytes, hepatocytes, osteocytes, neurocytes and chondrocytes. In addition, these cells can also differentiate into insulin-producing beta cells. Insulin is a crucial hormone for glucose balance of the body. Insufficiency or unavailability of insulin is called diabetes. External insulin intake, as well as pancreas or islet transplantation, is the most basic treatment of diabetes. In vivo and in vitro studies demonstrate that stem cell therapy is also used in the cure of diabetes. Differentiation process of stem cells into beta cells releasing insulin is quite complicated. There are many different reports for the differentiation of stem cells in the literature. The success of differentiation of stem cells into beta cells depends on several factors like the source of stem cells, chemicals added into the differentiation medium and the duration of differentiation protocol. Distinct studies for the differentiation of stem cells into insulin-secreting cells are available in the literature. Moreover, thanks to the superior differentiation capacity of stem cells, they are being preferred in clinical studies. Stem cells were clinically used to heal diabetic ulcer, to increase c-peptide level and insulin secretion in both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Mesenchymal stem cells having high differentiation potential to insulin-secreting cells are encouraging vehicles for both in vivo and in vitro studies together with clinical trials for diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safa Aydin
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Yeditepe University, İstanbul, Turkey.
| | - Derya Sağraç
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Yeditepe University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Fikrettin Şahin
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Yeditepe University, İstanbul, Turkey
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15
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Lee S, Moon S, Oh JY, Seo EH, Kim YH, Jun E, Shim IK, Kim SC. Enhanced insulin production and reprogramming efficiency of mesenchymal stem cells derived from porcine pancreas using suitable induction medium. Xenotransplantation 2018; 26:e12451. [PMID: 30252163 DOI: 10.1111/xen.12451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic reprogramming is a powerful method for altering cell properties and inducing differentiation. However, even if the same gene is reprogrammed, the results vary among cells. Therefore, a better possible strategy involves treating cells with factors that further stimulate differentiation while using stem cells with the same tissue origin. This study aimed to increase induction efficiency and insulin production in reprogrammed cells using a combination of factors that promote cell differentiation. METHODS Porcine pancreatic cells were cultured to obtain mesenchymal stem cells expressing pancreatic cell-specific markers through sequential passages. The characteristics of these cells were identified, and the M3 gene (Pdx1, Ngn3, MafA) was reprogrammed to induce differentiation into insulin-producing cells. Additionally, the differentiation efficiency of insulin-producing cells was compared by treating reprogrammed cells with a differentiation-promoting factor. RESULTS Mesenchymal stem cells isolated from porcine pancreatic tissues expressed exocrine cell markers, including amylase and cytokeratin 18, and most cells continuously expressed the beta cell transcription factors Ngn3 and NeuroD. Reprogramming of the M3 gene resulted in differentiation into insulin-producing cells. Moreover, significantly increased insulin and glucagon expressions were observed in the suitable induction medium, and the characteristic beta cell transcription factors Pdx1, Ngn3, and MafA were expressed at levels as high as those in pancreatic islet cells. CONCLUSIONS Differentiation into insulin-producing cells represents an alternative therapy for insufficient pancreatic islet cells when treating diabetes. Therefore, cells with the characteristics of the target cell should be used to improve differentiation efficiency by creating an environment that promotes reprogramming and differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Lee
- Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soobin Moon
- Department of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ju Yun Oh
- Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun Ha Seo
- Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yang Hee Kim
- Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eunsung Jun
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - In Kyoung Shim
- Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Song Cheol Kim
- Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Division of Hepato-Biliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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16
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Kawamoto K, Ohashi T, Konno M, Nishida N, Koseki J, Matsui H, Sakai D, Kudo T, Eguchi H, Satoh T, Doki Y, Mori M, Ishii H. Cell-free culture conditioned medium elicits pancreatic β cell lineage-specific epigenetic reprogramming in mice. Oncol Lett 2018; 16:3255-3259. [PMID: 30127922 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.9008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
There are several obstacles to overcome prior to achieving cellular reprogramming of pancreatic β cells in vitro and in vivo. The present study demonstrated that the transfer of epigenetic phenotypes was achieved in the cell-free conditioned medium (CM) of pancreatic insulinoma MIN6 cell cultures. The comparison of a subpopulation of MIN6, m14 and m9 cells indicated that MIN6-m14 cells were more prone to cellular reprogramming. Epigenetic profiling revealed that the transcription factor pancreas/duodenum homeobox protein 1 (Pdx1) was differentially associated among the clones. The culture of differentiated adipocytes in the CM of MIN6-m14 cells resulted in the induction of insulin mRNA expression, and was accompanied by epigenetic events of Pdx1 binding. The epigenetic profiling indicated that Pdx1 is preferentially associated with a previously uncharacterized region of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) disulfide oxidase, ER oxidoreductin 1 gene. Therefore, the results of the present study indicated that the CM of MIN6 cells was able to induce a pancreatic β cell-like phenotype in differentiated adipocytes. These data provide additional support for the utility of cell-free CM for cellular reprogramming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichi Kawamoto
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.,Department of Cancer Frontier Science, Osaka University School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tomofumi Ohashi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masamitsu Konno
- Department of Cancer Frontier Science, Osaka University School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Naohiro Nishida
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.,Department of Cancer Frontier Science, Osaka University School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Jun Koseki
- Department of Cancer Profiling Discovery, Osaka University School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Matsui
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Faculty of Mathematics, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Daisuke Sakai
- Department of Cancer Frontier Science, Osaka University School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Kudo
- Department of Cancer Frontier Science, Osaka University School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Eguchi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Taroh Satoh
- Department of Cancer Frontier Science, Osaka University School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Doki
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.,Department of Cancer Frontier Science, Osaka University School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.,Department of Cancer Profiling Discovery, Osaka University School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masaki Mori
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.,Department of Cancer Frontier Science, Osaka University School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.,Department of Cancer Profiling Discovery, Osaka University School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hideshi Ishii
- Department of Cancer Frontier Science, Osaka University School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.,Department of Cancer Profiling Discovery, Osaka University School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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17
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Treatment with specific soluble factors promotes the functional maturation of transcription factor-mediated, pancreatic transdifferentiated cells. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0197175. [PMID: 29768476 PMCID: PMC5955553 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0197175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic lineage-specific transcription factors (TFs) display instructive roles in converting adult cells to endocrine pancreatic cells through a process known as transdifferentiation. However, little is known about potential factors capable of accelerating transdifferentiation following transduction to achieve the functional maturation of transdifferentiated cells. In this study, we demonstrated, using adult liver-derived progenitor cells, that soluble factors utilized in pancreatic differentiation protocols of pluripotent stem cells promote functional maturation of TFs-mediated transdifferentiated cells. Treatment with an N2 supplement in combination with three soluble factors (glucagon-like peptide-1 [GLP-1] receptor agonist, notch inhibitor, and transforming growth factor-β [TGF-β] inhibitor) enhanced liver-to-pancreas transdifferentiation based on the following findings: i) the incidence of c-peptide-positive cells increased by approximately 1.2-fold after the aforementioned treatment; ii) the c-peptide expression level in the treated cells increased by approximately 12-fold as compared with the level in the untreated cells; iii) the treated cells secreted insulin in a glucose-dependent manner, whereas the untreated cells did not; and iv) transplantation of treated-transdifferentiated cells into streptozotocin-induced immunodeficient diabetic mice led to the amelioration of hyperglycemia. These results suggest that treatment with specific soluble factors promotes the functional maturation of transdifferentiated cells. Our findings could facilitate the development of new modalities for cell-replacement therapy for patients with diabetes.
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18
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Modulation of the endocrine transcriptional program by targeting histone modifiers of the H3K27me3 mark. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2018. [PMID: 29530603 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2018.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Posttranscriptional modifications of histones constitute an epigenetic mechanism that is closely linked to both gene silencing and activation events. Trimethylation of Histone3 at lysine 27 (H3K27me3) is a repressive mark that associates with developmental gene regulation during differentiation programs. In the developing pancreas, expression of the transcription factor Neurogenin3 in multipotent progenitors initiates endocrine differentiation that culminates in the generation of all pancreatic islet cell lineages, including insulin-producing beta cells. Previously, we showed that Neurogenin3 promoted the removal of H3K27me3 marks at target gene promoters in vitro, suggesting a functional connection between this factor and regulators of this chromatin mark. In the present study, we aimed to specifically evaluate whether targeting the activity of these histone modifiers can be used to modulate pancreatic endocrine differentiation. Our data show that chemical inhibition of the H3K27me3 demethylases Jmjd3/Utx blunts Neurogenin3-dependent gene activation in vitro. Conversely, inhibition of the H3K27me3 methyltransferase Ezh2 enhances both the transactivation ability of Neurogenin3 in cultured cells and the formation of insulin-producing cells during directed differentiation from pluripotent cells. These results can help improve current protocols aimed at generating insulin-producing cells for beta cell replacement therapy in diabetes.
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19
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Açiksari A, Duruksu G, Karaöz E. Improved insulin-secreting properties of pancreatic islet mesenchymal stem cells by constitutive expression of Pax4 and MafA. Turk J Biol 2017; 41:979-991. [PMID: 30814862 DOI: 10.3906/biy-1707-79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
For long-term treatment of diabetes type 1, transplantation of insulin-producing beta cells may be a promising method, but the limited number of islets for transplantation requires the development of different approaches. In this study, we aimed to generate betalike insulin-producing cells. For this purpose, MafA, Pax4, and Ngn3 genes were transferred into pancreatic islet-derived mesenchymal stem cells, and the effect of their ectopic expressions on differentiation efficiency was examined. Stemness properties of pancreatic islet stem cells were characterized. The 3 genes were transfected by electroporation and expressed constitutively. The transfected cells were further stimulated to differentiate by using chemical induction. Pax4 expression had significant effects on differentiation into insulin-producing cells. Although it caused morphological alterations in cells, similar to epithelial cells, the insulin secretion levels remained lower than those of the cell line cotransfected with MafA and Pax4. Cotransfection of the 3 transcription factors did not further improve the beta-like cell generation. MafA and Pax4 ectopic expression resulted in improved differentiation efficiency into insulin-secreting cells. However, support of this differentiation process using additional chemical induction may sufice to overcome control by endogenous regulatory pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayşegül Açiksari
- Center for Stem Cell and Gene Therapies Research and Practice, Kocaeli University , İzmit, Kocaeli , Turkey.,Department of Stem Cell, Institute of Health Sciences, Kocaeli University , İzmit, Kocaeli , Turkey
| | - Gökhan Duruksu
- Center for Stem Cell and Gene Therapies Research and Practice, Kocaeli University , İzmit, Kocaeli , Turkey.,Department of Stem Cell, Institute of Health Sciences, Kocaeli University , İzmit, Kocaeli , Turkey
| | - Erdal Karaöz
- Liv Hospital, Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research and Manufacturing , İstanbul , Turkey
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20
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Zhu Y, Liu Q, Zhou Z, Ikeda Y. PDX1, Neurogenin-3, and MAFA: critical transcription regulators for beta cell development and regeneration. Stem Cell Res Ther 2017; 8:240. [PMID: 29096722 PMCID: PMC5667467 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-017-0694-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcription factors regulate gene expression through binding to specific enhancer sequences. Pancreas/duodenum homeobox protein 1 (PDX1), Neurogenin-3 (NEUROG3), and V-maf musculoaponeurotic fibrosarcoma oncogene homolog A (MAFA) are transcription factors critical for beta cell development and maturation. NEUROG3 is expressed in endocrine progenitor cells and controls islet differentiation and regeneration. PDX1 is essential for the development of pancreatic exocrine and endocrine cells including beta cells. PDX1 also binds to the regulatory elements and increases insulin gene transcription. Likewise, MAFA binds to the enhancer/promoter region of the insulin gene and drives insulin expression in response to glucose. In addition to those natural roles in beta cell development and maturation, ectopic expression of PDX1, NEUROG3, and/or MAFA has been successfully used to reprogram various cell types into insulin-producing cells in vitro and in vivo, such as pancreatic exocrine cells, hepatocytes, and pluripotent stem cells. Here, we review biological properties of PDX1, NEUROG3, and MAFA, and their applications and limitations for beta cell regenerative approaches. The primary source literature for this review was acquired using a PubMed search for articles published between 1990 and 2017. Search terms include diabetes, insulin, trans-differentiation, stem cells, and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxi Zhu
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, College of Medicine, 200 First St. SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.,Institute of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, Central South University, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, Hunan Province, 410013, China
| | - Qian Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, Hunan Province, 410013, China
| | - Zhiguang Zhou
- Institute of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, Central South University, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, Hunan Province, 410013, China
| | - Yasuhiro Ikeda
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, College of Medicine, 200 First St. SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA. .,Center for Regenerative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, College of Medicine, 200 First St. SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
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21
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Galivo F, Benedetti E, Wang Y, Pelz C, Schug J, Kaestner KH, Grompe M. Reprogramming human gallbladder cells into insulin-producing β-like cells. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0181812. [PMID: 28813430 PMCID: PMC5558938 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0181812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The gallbladder and cystic duct (GBCs) are parts of the extrahepatic biliary tree and share a common developmental origin with the ventral pancreas. Here, we report on the very first genetic reprogramming of patient-derived human GBCs to β-like cells for potential autologous cell replacement therapy for type 1 diabetes. We developed a robust method for large-scale expansion of human GBCs ex vivo. GBCs were reprogrammed into insulin-producing pancreatic β-like cells by a combined adenoviral-mediated expression of hallmark pancreatic endocrine transcription factors PDX1, MAFA, NEUROG3, and PAX6 and differentiation culture in vitro. The reprogrammed GBCs (rGBCs) strongly induced the production of insulin and pancreatic endocrine genes and these responded to glucose stimulation in vitro. rGBCs also expressed an islet-specific surface marker, which was used to enrich for the most highly reprogrammed cells. More importantly, global mRNA and microRNA expression profiles and protein immunostaining indicated that rGBCs adopted an overall β-like state and these rGBCs engrafted in immunodeficient mice. Furthermore, comparative global expression analyses identified putative regulators of human biliary to β cell fate conversion. In summary, we have developed, for the first time, a reliable and robust genetic reprogramming and culture expansion of primary human GBCs—derived from multiple unrelated donors—into pancreatic β-like cells ex vivo, thus showing that human gallbladder is a potentially rich source of reprogrammable cells for autologous cell therapy in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feorillo Galivo
- Oregon Stem Cell Center, Papé Family Pediatric Research Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
- * E-mail: (FG); (MG)
| | - Eric Benedetti
- Oregon Stem Cell Center, Papé Family Pediatric Research Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Yuhan Wang
- Oregon Stem Cell Center, Papé Family Pediatric Research Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Carl Pelz
- Oregon Stem Cell Center, Papé Family Pediatric Research Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Jonathan Schug
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine and Institute of Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Klaus H. Kaestner
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine and Institute of Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Markus Grompe
- Oregon Stem Cell Center, Papé Family Pediatric Research Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
- * E-mail: (FG); (MG)
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22
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Hill CM, Banga A, Abrahante JE, Yuan C, Mutch LA, Janecek J, O'Brien T, Graham ML, Dutton JR. Establishing a Large-Animal Model for In Vivo Reprogramming of Bile Duct Cells into Insulin-Secreting Cells to Treat Diabetes. HUM GENE THER CL DEV 2017; 28:87-95. [PMID: 28363269 DOI: 10.1089/humc.2017.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes manifests as autoimmune destruction of beta cells requiring metabolic management with an exogenous replacement of insulin, either by repeated injection of recombinant insulin or by transplantation of allogeneic islets from cadaveric donors. Both of these approaches have severe limitations. Repeated insulin injection requires intensive blood glucose monitoring, is expensive, and is associated with decreased quality-of-life measures. Islet transplantation, while highly effective, is severely limited by shortage of donor organs. Clinical translation of beta cells derived from pluripotent stem cells is also not yet a reality, and alternative approaches to solving the replacement of lost beta cell function are required. In vivo direct reprogramming offers an attractive approach to generating new endogenous insulin-secreting cells by permanently altering the phenotype of somatic cells after transient expression of transcription factors. Previously, we have successfully restored control of blood glucose in diabetic mice by reprogramming liver cells into glucose-sensitive insulin-secreting cells after the transient, simultaneous delivery of three transcription factors (Pdx1, Ngn3, and MafA) to the liver of diabetic mice, using an adenoviral vector (Ad-PNM). Establishing a clinically relevant, large-animal model is a critical next step in translating this approach beyond the proof-of-principle stage in rodents and allowing investigation of vector design, dose and delivery, host response to vector infusion, and establishment of suitable criteria for measuring safety and efficacy. In this feasibility study we infused Ad-PNM into the liver of three diabetic cynomolgus macaques via portal vein catheter. Vector presence and cargo gene and protein expression were detected in liver tissue after infusion with no adverse effects. Refinement of immune suppression significantly extended the period of exogenous PNM expression. This pilot study establishes the suitability of this large-animal model to examine the translation of this approach for treating diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin M Hill
- 1 Stem Cell Institute, McGuire Translational Research Facility, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Anannya Banga
- 1 Stem Cell Institute, McGuire Translational Research Facility, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Juan E Abrahante
- 2 University of Minnesota Informatics Institute, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Ce Yuan
- 1 Stem Cell Institute, McGuire Translational Research Facility, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, Minnesota.,5 Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Program, University of Minnesota , Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Lucas A Mutch
- 3 Department of Surgery, Preclinical Research Center, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Jody Janecek
- 3 Department of Surgery, Preclinical Research Center, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Timothy O'Brien
- 1 Stem Cell Institute, McGuire Translational Research Facility, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, Minnesota.,4 Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota , St. Paul, Minnesota
| | - Melanie L Graham
- 3 Department of Surgery, Preclinical Research Center, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, Minnesota.,4 Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota , St. Paul, Minnesota
| | - James R Dutton
- 1 Stem Cell Institute, McGuire Translational Research Facility, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, Minnesota
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23
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Wei R, Hong T. Lineage Reprogramming: A Promising Road for Pancreatic β Cell Regeneration. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2016; 27:163-176. [PMID: 26811208 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2016.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Revised: 12/24/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cell replacement therapy is a promising method to restore pancreatic β cell function and cure diabetes. Distantly related cells (fibroblasts, keratinocytes, and muscle cells) and developmentally related cells (hepatocytes, gastrointestinal, and pancreatic exocrine cells) have been successfully reprogrammed into β cells in vitro and in vivo. However, while some reprogrammed β cells bear similarities to bona fide β cells, others do not develop into fully functional β cells. Here we review various strategies currently used for β cell reprogramming, including ectopic expression of specific transcription factors associated with islet development, repression of maintenance factors of host cells, regulation of epigenetic modifications, and microenvironmental changes. Development of simple and efficient reprogramming methods is a key priority for developing fully functional β cells suitable for cell replacement therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wei
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Tianpei Hong
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China.
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24
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Abstract
Tissue replacement is a promising direction for the treatment of diabetes, which will become widely available only when islets or insulin-producing cells that will not be rejected by the diabetic recipients are available in unlimited amounts. The present review addresses the research in the field of generating functional insulin-producing cells by transdifferentiation of adult liver cells both in vitro and in vivo. It presents recent knowledge of the mechanisms which underlie the process and assesses the challenges which should be addressed for its efficient implementation as a cell based replacement therapy for diabetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irit Meivar-Levy
- Sheba Regenerative Medicine, Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer 52621, Israel.
| | - Sarah Ferber
- Sheba Regenerative Medicine, Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer 52621, Israel; Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, 69978, Israel.
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25
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El Khattabi I, Sharma A. Proper activation of MafA is required for optimal differentiation and maturation of pancreatic β-cells. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 2015; 29:821-31. [PMID: 26696512 PMCID: PMC4690007 DOI: 10.1016/j.beem.2015.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A key therapeutic approach for the treatment of Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is transplantation of functional islet β-cells. Despite recent advances in generating stem cell-derived glucose-responsive insulin(+) cells, their further maturation to fully functional adult β-cells still remains a daunting task. Conquering this hurdle will require a better understanding of the mechanisms driving maturation of embryonic insulin(+) cells into adult β-cells, and the implementation of that knowledge to improve current differentiation protocols. Here, we will review our current understanding of β-cell maturation, and discuss the contribution of key β-cell transcription factor MafA, to this process. The fundamental importance of MafA in regulating adult β-cell maturation and function indicates that enhancing MafA expression may improve the generation of definitive β-cells for transplantation. Additionally, we suggest that the temporal control of MafA induction at a specific stage of β-cell differentiation will be the next critical challenge for achieving optimum maturation of β-cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Arun Sharma
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, MedImmune, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA.
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26
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Scoville DW, Cyphert HA, Liao L, Xu J, Reynolds A, Guo S, Stein R. MLL3 and MLL4 Methyltransferases Bind to the MAFA and MAFB Transcription Factors to Regulate Islet β-Cell Function. Diabetes 2015; 64:3772-83. [PMID: 26180087 PMCID: PMC4613979 DOI: 10.2337/db15-0281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 07/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Insulin produced by islet β-cells plays a critical role in glucose homeostasis, with type 1 and type 2 diabetes both resulting from inactivation and/or loss of this cell population. Islet-enriched transcription factors regulate β-cell formation and function, yet little is known about the molecules recruited to mediate control. An unbiased in-cell biochemical and mass spectrometry strategy was used to isolate MafA transcription factor-binding proteins. Among the many coregulators identified were all of the subunits of the mixed-lineage leukemia 3 (Mll3) and 4 (Mll4) complexes, with histone 3 lysine 4 methyltransferases strongly associated with gene activation. MafA was bound to the ∼1.5 MDa Mll3 and Mll4 complexes in size-fractionated β-cell extracts. Likewise, closely related human MAFB, which is important to β-cell formation and coproduced with MAFA in adult human islet β-cells, bound MLL3 and MLL4 complexes. Knockdown of NCOA6, a core subunit of these methyltransferases, reduced expression of a subset of MAFA and MAFB target genes in mouse and human β-cell lines. In contrast, a broader effect on MafA/MafB gene activation was observed in mice lacking NCoA6 in islet β-cells. We propose that MLL3 and MLL4 are broadly required for controlling MAFA and MAFB transactivation during development and postnatally.
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Affiliation(s)
- David W Scoville
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Holly A Cyphert
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Lan Liao
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Jianming Xu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Al Reynolds
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Shuangli Guo
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Roland Stein
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
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27
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Tse HM, Kozlovskaya V, Kharlampieva E, Hunter CS. Minireview: Directed Differentiation and Encapsulation of Islet β-Cells-Recent Advances and Future Considerations. Mol Endocrinol 2015; 29:1388-99. [PMID: 26340406 DOI: 10.1210/me.2015-1085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus has rapidly become a 21st century epidemic with the promise to create vast economic and health burdens, if left unchecked. The 2 major forms of diabetes arise from unique causes, with outcomes being an absolute (type 1) or relative (type 2) loss of functional pancreatic islet β-cell mass. Currently, patients rely on exogenous insulin and/or other pharmacologies that restore glucose homeostasis. Although these therapies have prolonged countless lives over the decades, the striking increases in both type 1 and type 2 diabetic diagnoses worldwide suggest a need for improved treatments. To this end, islet biologists are developing cell-based therapies by which a patient's lost insulin-producing β-cell mass is replenished. Pancreatic or islet transplantation from cadaveric donors into diabetic patients has been successful, yet the functional islet demand far surpasses supply. Thus, the field has been striving toward transplantation of renewable in vitro-derived β-cells that can restore euglycemia. Challenges have been numerous, but progress over the past decade has generated much excitement. In this review we will summarize recent findings that have placed us closer than ever to β-cell replacement therapies. With the promise of cell-based diabetes therapies on the horizon, we will also provide an overview of cellular encapsulation technologies that will deliver critical protection of newly implanted cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hubert M Tse
- Department of Microbiology and the Comprehensive Diabetes Center (H.M.T.) and Departments of Chemistry (V.K., E.K.) and Medicine, Division of Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism, and Comprehensive Diabetes Center (C.S.H.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
| | - Veronika Kozlovskaya
- Department of Microbiology and the Comprehensive Diabetes Center (H.M.T.) and Departments of Chemistry (V.K., E.K.) and Medicine, Division of Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism, and Comprehensive Diabetes Center (C.S.H.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
| | - Eugenia Kharlampieva
- Department of Microbiology and the Comprehensive Diabetes Center (H.M.T.) and Departments of Chemistry (V.K., E.K.) and Medicine, Division of Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism, and Comprehensive Diabetes Center (C.S.H.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
| | - Chad S Hunter
- Department of Microbiology and the Comprehensive Diabetes Center (H.M.T.) and Departments of Chemistry (V.K., E.K.) and Medicine, Division of Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism, and Comprehensive Diabetes Center (C.S.H.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
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28
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Spaeth JM, Hunter CS, Bonatakis L, Guo M, French CA, Slack I, Hara M, Fisher SE, Ferrer J, Morrisey EE, Stanger BZ, Stein R. The FOXP1, FOXP2 and FOXP4 transcription factors are required for islet alpha cell proliferation and function in mice. Diabetologia 2015; 58:1836-44. [PMID: 26021489 PMCID: PMC4785827 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-015-3635-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Several forkhead box (FOX) transcription factor family members have important roles in controlling pancreatic cell fates and maintaining beta cell mass and function, including FOXA1, FOXA2 and FOXM1. In this study we have examined the importance of FOXP1, FOXP2 and FOXP4 of the FOXP subfamily in islet cell development and function. METHODS Mice harbouring floxed alleles for Foxp1, Foxp2 and Foxp4 were crossed with pan-endocrine Pax6-Cre transgenic mice to generate single and compound Foxp mutant mice. Mice were monitored for changes in glucose tolerance by IPGTT, serum insulin and glucagon levels by radioimmunoassay, and endocrine cell development and proliferation by immunohistochemistry. Gene expression and glucose-stimulated hormone secretion experiments were performed with isolated islets. RESULTS Only the triple-compound Foxp1/2/4 conditional knockout (cKO) mutant had an overt islet phenotype, manifested physiologically by hypoglycaemia and hypoglucagonaemia. This resulted from the reduction in glucagon-secreting alpha cell mass and function. The proliferation of alpha cells was profoundly reduced in Foxp1/2/4 cKO islets through the effects on mediators of replication (i.e. decreased Ccna2, Ccnb1 and Ccnd2 activators, and increased Cdkn1a inhibitor). Adult islet Foxp1/2/4 cKO beta cells secrete insulin normally while the remaining alpha cells have impaired glucagon secretion. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Collectively, these findings reveal an important role for the FOXP1, 2, and 4 proteins in governing postnatal alpha cell expansion and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason M. Spaeth
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University Medical School, 723 Light Hall, 2215 Garland Avenue, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Chad S. Hunter
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University Medical School, 723 Light Hall, 2215 Garland Avenue, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology Diabetes & Metabolism, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Lauren Bonatakis
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University Medical School, 723 Light Hall, 2215 Garland Avenue, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Min Guo
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University Medical School, 723 Light Hall, 2215 Garland Avenue, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Catherine A. French
- Champalimaud Neuroscience Programme, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ian Slack
- Department of Medicine and Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Manami Hara
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Simon E. Fisher
- Language and Genetics Department, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jorge Ferrer
- Department of Medicine, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Edward E. Morrisey
- Department of Medicine and Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ben Z. Stanger
- Department of Medicine and Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Roland Stein
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University Medical School, 723 Light Hall, 2215 Garland Avenue, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
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29
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Mathiyalagan P, Keating ST, Al-Hasani K, El-Osta A. Epigenetic-mediated reprogramming of pancreatic endocrine cells. Antioxid Redox Signal 2015; 22:1483-95. [PMID: 25621632 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2014.6103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Type 1 diabetes (T1D) results from cell-mediated autoimmune destruction of insulin-secreting pancreatic beta cells (β-cells). In the context of T1D, the scarcity of organ donors has driven research to alternate sources of functionally competent, insulin-secreting β-cells as substitute for donor islets to meet the clinical need for transplantation therapy. RECENT ADVANCES Experimental evidence of an inherent plasticity of pancreatic cells has fuelled interest in in vivo regeneration of β-cells. Transcriptional modulation and direct reprogramming of noninsulin secreting pancreatic α-cells to functionally mimic insulin-secreting β-cells is one of the promising avenues to the treatment of diabetes. Recent studies now show that adult progenitor and glucagon(+) α-cells can be converted into β-like cells in vivo, as a result of specific activation of the Pax4 gene in α-cells and curing diabetes in preclinical models. CRITICAL ISSUES The challenge now is to understand the precise developmental transitions mediated by endocrine transcription factors and co-regulatory determinants responsible for pancreatic function and repair. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Epigenetic-mediated regulation of transcription factor binding in pancreatic α-cells by specific drugs to direct reprogramming into functional insulin producing cells could be of potential innovative therapy for the treatment of T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabhu Mathiyalagan
- 1 Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, The Alfred Medical Research and Education Precinct , Melbourne, Australia
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30
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De novo formation of insulin-producing "neo-β cell islets" from intestinal crypts. Cell Rep 2014; 6:1046-1058. [PMID: 24613355 PMCID: PMC4245054 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2014.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2013] [Revised: 12/13/2013] [Accepted: 02/10/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability to interconvert terminally differentiated cells could serve as a powerful tool for cell-based treatment of degenerative diseases, including diabetes mellitus. To determine which, if any, adult tissues are competent to activate an islet β cell program, we performed an in vivo screen by expressing three β cell “reprogramming factors” in a wide spectrum of tissues. We report that transient intestinal expression of these factors—Pdx1, MafA, and Ngn3 (PMN)—promotes rapid conversion of intestinal crypt cells into endocrine cells, which coalesce into “neoislets” below the crypt base. Neoislet cells express insulin and show ultrastructural features of β cells. Importantly, intestinal neoislets are glucose-responsive and able to ameliorate hyperglycemia in diabetic mice. Moreover, PMN expression in human intestinal “organoids” stimulates the conversion of intestinal epithelial cells into β-like cells. Our results thus demonstrate that the intestine is an accessible and abundant source of functional insulin-producing cells.
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