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Kwon DH, Gim GM, Yum SY, Jang G. Current status and future of gene engineering in livestock. BMB Rep 2024; 57:50-59. [PMID: 38053297 PMCID: PMC10828428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The application of gene engineering in livestock is necessary for various reasons, such as increasing productivity and producing disease resistance and biomedicine models. Overall, gene engineering provides benefits to the agricultural and research aspects, and humans. In particular, productivity can be increased by producing livestock with enhanced growth and improved feed conversion efficiency. In addition, the application of the disease resistance models prevents the spread of infectious diseases, which reduces the need for treatment, such as the use of antibiotics; consequently, it promotes the overall health of the herd and reduces unexpected economic losses. The application of biomedicine could be a valuable tool for understanding specific livestock diseases and improving human welfare through the development and testing of new vaccines, research on human physiology, such as human metabolism or immune response, and research and development of xenotransplantation models. Gene engineering technology has been evolving, from random, time-consuming, and laborious methods to specific, time-saving, convenient, and stable methods. This paper reviews the overall trend of genetic engineering technologies development and their application for efficient production of genetically engineered livestock, and provides examples of technologies approved by the United States (US) Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for application in humans. [BMB Reports 2024; 57(1): 50-59].
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Hyeok Kwon
- Laboratory of Theriogenology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, BK21 FOUR Future Veterinary Medicine Leading Education & Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | | | | | - Goo Jang
- Laboratory of Theriogenology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, BK21 FOUR Future Veterinary Medicine Leading Education & Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- LARTBio Inc., Gwangmyeong 14322, Korea
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2
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Cooper DKC, Pierson RN. Milestones on the path to clinical pig organ xenotransplantation. Am J Transplant 2023; 23:326-335. [PMID: 36775767 PMCID: PMC10127379 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajt.2022.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Progress in pig organ xenotransplantation has been made largely through (1) genetic engineering of the organ-source pig to protect its tissues from the human innate immune response, and (2) development of an immunosuppressive regimen based on blockade of the CD40/CD154 costimulation pathway to prevent the adaptive immune response. In the 1980s, after transplantation into nonhuman primates (NHPs), wild-type (genetically unmodified) pig organs were rejected within minutes or hours. In the 1990s, organs from pigs expressing a human complement-regulatory protein (CD55) transplanted into NHPs receiving intensive conventional immunosuppressive therapy functioned for days or weeks. When costimulation blockade was introduced in 2000, the adaptive immune response was suppressed more readily. The identification of galactose-α1,3-galactose as the major antigen target for human and NHP anti-pig antibodies in 1991 allowed for deletion of expression of galactose-α1,3-galactose in 2003, extending pig graft survival for up to 6 months. Subsequent gene editing to overcome molecular incompatibilities between the pig and primate coagulation systems proved additionally beneficial. The identification of 2 further pig carbohydrate xenoantigens allowed the production of 'triple-knockout' pigs that are preferred for clinical organ transplantation. These combined advances enabled the first clinical pig heart transplant to be performed and opened the door to formal clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- David K C Cooper
- Center for Transplantation Sciences, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
| | - Richard N Pierson
- Center for Transplantation Sciences, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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3
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Montoliu L. Transgenesis and Genome Engineering: A Historical Review. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2631:1-32. [PMID: 36995662 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2990-1_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
Our ability to modify DNA molecules and to introduce them into mammalian cells or embryos almost appears in parallel, starting from the 1970s of the last century. Genetic engineering techniques rapidly developed between 1970 and 1980. In contrast, robust procedures to microinject or introduce DNA constructs into individuals did not take off until 1980 and evolved during the following two decades. For some years, it was only possible to add transgenes, de novo, of different formats, including artificial chromosomes, in a variety of vertebrate species or to introduce specific mutations essentially in mice, thanks to the gene-targeting methods by homologous recombination approaches using mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells. Eventually, genome-editing tools brought the possibility to add or inactivate DNA sequences, at specific sites, at will, irrespective of the animal species involved. Together with a variety of additional techniques, this chapter will summarize the milestones in the transgenesis and genome engineering fields from the 1970s to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lluis Montoliu
- National Centre for Biotechnology (CNB-CSIC) and Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER-ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.
- National Centre for Biotechnology (CNB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain.
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4
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Jiang Y, Cong X, Jiang S, Dong Y, Zhao L, Zang Y, Tan M, Li J. Phosphoproteomics Reveals the AMPK Substrate Network in Response to DNA Damage and Histone Acetylation. GENOMICS, PROTEOMICS & BIOINFORMATICS 2022; 20:597-613. [PMID: 33607295 PMCID: PMC9880816 DOI: 10.1016/j.gpb.2020.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a conserved energy sensor that plays roles in diverse biological processes via phosphorylating various substrates. Emerging studies have demonstrated the regulatory roles of AMPK in DNA repair, but the underlying mechanisms remain to be fully understood. Herein, using mass spectrometry-based proteomic technologies, we systematically investigate the regulatory network of AMPK in DNA damage response (DDR). Our system-wide phosphoproteome study uncovers a variety of newly-identified potential substrates involved in diverse biological processes, whereas our system-wide histone modification analysis reveals a link between AMPK and histone acetylation. Together with these findings, we discover that AMPK promotes apoptosis by phosphorylating apoptosis-stimulating of p53 protein 2 (ASPP2) in an irradiation (IR)-dependent manner and regulates histone acetylation by phosphorylating histone deacetylase 9 (HDAC9) in an IR-independent manner. Besides, we reveal that disrupting the histone acetylation by the bromodomain BRD4 inhibitor JQ-1 enhances the sensitivity of AMPK-deficient cells to IR. Therefore, our study has provided a resource to investigate the interplay between phosphorylation and histone acetylation underlying the regulatory network of AMPK, which could be beneficial to understand the exact role of AMPK in DDR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuejing Jiang
- National Center for Drug Screening, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaoji Cong
- Chemical Proteomics Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shangwen Jiang
- Chemical Proteomics Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ying Dong
- National Center for Drug Screening, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lei Zhao
- Chemical Proteomics Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yi Zang
- National Center for Drug Screening, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China,Corresponding authors.
| | - Minjia Tan
- Chemical Proteomics Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China,Corresponding authors.
| | - Jia Li
- National Center for Drug Screening, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China,Open Studio for Druggability Research of Marine Natural Products, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, China,Corresponding authors.
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5
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Rim CS, Kim YS, Rim CH, Ri YJ, Choe JS, Kim DS, Kim GS, Il Ri J, Kim RC, Chen H, Xiao L, Fu Z, Pak YJ, Jong UM. Effect of roscovitine pretreatment for increased utilization of small follicle-derived oocytes on developmental competence of somatic cell nuclear transfer embryos in pigs. Anim Reprod Sci 2022; 241:106987. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2022.106987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Xu T, Yang M, Jian Z, Pan H, Jia J, Zhao S. Cloning of FITM2 gene and investigating its expression levels in Banna miniature inbred pig ( Sus scrofa) tissues. Anim Biotechnol 2022:1-7. [PMID: 35189068 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2022.2041024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Fat storage-inducing transmembrane protein 2 (FITM2) plays an important role in regulating lipid storage and could be regarded as a candidate gene for intramuscular fat deposition in pigs. The aim of this study was to clone the coding domain sequence (CDS) of FITM2 gene, to compare the nucleotide acid and deduced amino acid sequences between breeds and species, to analyze the structure and characteristics of protein and to detect the expression profile of gene. The results exhibited that the CDS of FITM2 gene was 789 bp in length. The mutation of nucleotide acids led to the mutation of deduced amino acids between Banna miniature inbred pigs and other two breeds (Yorkshire × Landrace pigs and Duroc × (Landrace × Yorkshire) pigs). It was indicated that high identities of nucleotide acid and deduced amino acid sequences between Banna miniature inbred pigs and other species. The deduced amino acids were composed of loops and alpha helices in the structure. FITM2 protein may be a 30 kDa hydrophobic protein with 26 phosphorylation sites and one potential N-glycosylated site. FITM2 gene was widely expressed in various tissues, and the highest expression level was in adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taojie Xu
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Minghua Yang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Zonghui Jian
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Hongbin Pan
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Junjing Jia
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Sumei Zhao
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
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7
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Montoliu L. Historical DNA Manipulation Overview. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2495:3-28. [PMID: 35696025 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2301-5_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The history of DNA manipulation for the creation of genetically modified animals began in the 1970s, using viruses as the first DNA molecules microinjected into mouse embryos at different preimplantation stages. Subsequently, simple DNA plasmids were used to microinject into the pronuclei of fertilized mouse oocytes and that method became the reference for many years. The isolation of embryonic stem cells together with advances in genetics allowed the generation of gene-specific knockout mice, later on improved with conditional mutations. Cloning procedures expanded the gene inactivation to livestock and other non-model mammalian species. Lentiviruses, artificial chromosomes, and intracytoplasmic sperm injections expanded the toolbox for DNA manipulation. The last chapter of this short but intense history belongs to programmable nucleases, particularly CRISPR-Cas systems, triggering the development of genomic-editing techniques, the current revolution we are living in.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lluis Montoliu
- National Centre for Biotechnology (CNB-CSIC) and Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER-ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.
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8
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Shatokhin KS. Problems of mini-pig breeding. Vavilovskii Zhurnal Genet Selektsii 2021; 25:284-291. [PMID: 34901725 PMCID: PMC8627873 DOI: 10.18699/vj21.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This article provides an overview of some problems of the breeding and reproduction of laboratory minipigs. The most obvious of these are the lack of centralized accounting of breeding groups, uniform selection standards
for reproduction and evaluation of breeding animals, as well as minimizing the accumulation of fitness-reducing
mutations and maintaining genetic diversity. According to the latest estimates, there are at least 30 breeding groups
of mini-pigs systematically used as laboratory animals in the world. Among them, there are both breed formations
represented by several colonies, and breeding groups consisting of a single herd. It was shown that the main selection
strategy is selection for the live weight of adults of 50–80 kg and the adaptation of animals to a specific type of biomedical experiments. For its implementation in the breeding of foreign mini-pigs, selection by live weight is practiced
at 140- and 154-day-old age. It was indicated that different herds of mini-pigs have their own breeding methods to
counteract inbred depression and maintain genetic diversity. Examples are the maximization of coat color phenotypes, the cyclical system of matching parent pairs, and the structuring of herds into subpopulations. In addition,
in the breeding of foreign mini-pigs, molecular genetic methods are used to monitor heterozygosity. Every effort is
made to keep the number of inbred crosses in the breeding of laboratory mini-pigs to a minimum, which is not always
possible due to their small number. It is estimated that to avoid close inbreeding, the number of breeding groups
should be at least 28 individuals, including boars of at least 4 genealogical lines and at least 4 families of sows. The
accumulation of genetic cargo in herds of mini-pigs takes place, but the harmful effect is rather the result of erroneous
decisions of breeders. Despite the fact that when breeding a number of mini-pigs, the goal was to complete the herds
with exclusively white animals, in most breeding groups there is a polymorphism in the phenotype of the coat color
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Affiliation(s)
- K S Shatokhin
- Novosibirsk State Agrarian University, Novosibirsk, Russia
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9
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Abstract
Genetically modified animals, especially rodents, are widely used in biomedical research. However, non-rodent models are required for efficient translational medicine and preclinical studies. Owing to the similarity in the physiological traits of pigs and humans, genetically modified pigs may be a valuable resource for biomedical research. Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) using genetically modified somatic cells has been the primary method for the generation of genetically modified pigs. However, site-specific gene modification in porcine cells is inefficient and requires laborious and time-consuming processes. Recent improvements in gene-editing systems, such as zinc finger nucleases, transcription activator-like effector nucleases, and the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein (CRISPR/Cas) system, represent major advances. The efficient introduction of site-specific modifications into cells via gene editors dramatically reduces the effort and time required to generate genetically modified pigs. Furthermore, gene editors enable direct gene modification during embryogenesis, bypassing the SCNT procedure. The application of gene editors has progressively expanded, and a range of strategies is now available for porcine gene engineering. This review provides an overview of approaches for the generation of genetically modified pigs using gene editors, and highlights the current trends, as well as the limitations, of gene editing in pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuminori Tanihara
- Faculty of Bioscience and Bioindustry, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8513, Japan.,Center for Development of Advanced Medical Technology, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
| | - Maki Hirata
- Faculty of Bioscience and Bioindustry, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8513, Japan
| | - Takeshige Otoi
- Faculty of Bioscience and Bioindustry, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8513, Japan
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10
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Niu D, Ma X, Yuan T, Niu Y, Xu Y, Sun Z, Ping Y, Li W, Zhang J, Wang T, Church GM. Porcine genome engineering for xenotransplantation. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 168:229-245. [PMID: 32275950 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2020.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The extreme shortage of human donor organs for treatment of patients with end-stage organ failures is well known. Xenotransplantation, which might provide unlimited organ supply, is a most promising strategy to solve this problem. Domestic pigs are regarded as ideal organ-source animals owing to similarity in anatomy, physiology and organ size to humans as well as high reproductive capacity and low maintenance cost. However, several barriers, which include immune rejection, inflammation and coagulative dysfunctions, as well as the cross-species transmission risk of porcine endogenous retrovirus, blocked the pig-to-human xenotransplantation. With the rapid development of genome engineering technologies and the potent immunosuppressive medications in recent years, these barriers could be eliminated through genetic modification of pig genome together with the administration of effective immunosuppressants. A number of candidate genes involved in the regulation of immune response, inflammation and coagulation have been explored to optimize porcine xenograft survival in non-human primate recipients. PERV inactivation in pigs has also been accomplished to firmly address the safety issue in pig-to-human xenotransplantation. Many encouraging preclinical milestones have been achieved with some organs surviving for years. Therefore, the clinical trials of some promising organs, such as islet, kidney and heart, are aimed to be launched in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Niu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, China-Australian Joint Laboratory for Animal Health Big Data Analytics, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health Inspection & Internet Technology, College of Animal Science and Technology & College of Veterinary Medicine of Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Xiang Ma
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, China-Australian Joint Laboratory for Animal Health Big Data Analytics, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health Inspection & Internet Technology, College of Animal Science and Technology & College of Veterinary Medicine of Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Taoyan Yuan
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310021, China
| | - Yifan Niu
- Nanjing Kgene Genetic Engineering Co., Ltd, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211300, China
| | - Yibin Xu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Zhongxin Sun
- Cosmetic & Plastic Surgery Department, Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, China
| | - Yuan Ping
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Weifen Li
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Jufang Zhang
- Cosmetic & Plastic Surgery Department, Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, China.
| | - Tao Wang
- Nanjing Kgene Genetic Engineering Co., Ltd, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211300, China.
| | - George M Church
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
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11
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Tanihara F, Hirata M, Nguyen NT, Sawamoto O, Kikuchi T, Doi M, Otoi T. Efficient generation of GGTA1-deficient pigs by electroporation of the CRISPR/Cas9 system into in vitro-fertilized zygotes. BMC Biotechnol 2020; 20:40. [PMID: 32811500 PMCID: PMC7436961 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-020-00638-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Xenoantigens are a major source of concern with regard to the success of interspecific xenografts. GGTA1 encodes α1,3-galactosyltransferase, which is essential for the biosynthesis of galactosyl-alpha 1,3-galactose, the major xenoantigen causing hyperacute rejection. GGTA1-modified pigs, therefore, are promising donors for pig-to-human xenotransplantation. In this study, we developed a method for the introduction of the CRISPR/Cas9 system into in vitro-fertilized porcine zygotes via electroporation to generate GGTA1-modified pigs. RESULTS We designed five guide RNAs (gRNAs) targeting distinct sites in GGTA1. After the introduction of the Cas9 protein with each gRNA via electroporation, the gene editing efficiency in blastocysts developed from zygotes was evaluated. The gRNA with the highest gene editing efficiency was used to generate GGTA1-edited pigs. Six piglets were delivered from two recipient gilts after the transfer of electroporated zygotes with the Cas9/gRNA complex. Deep sequencing analysis revealed that five out of six piglets carried a biallelic mutation in the targeted region of GGTA1, with no off-target events. Furthermore, staining with isolectin B4 confirmed deficient GGTA1 function in GGTA1 biallelic mutant piglets. CONCLUSIONS We established GGTA1-modified pigs with high efficiency by introducing a CRISPR/Cas9 system into zygotes via electroporation. Multiple gene modifications, including knock-ins of human genes, in porcine zygotes via electroporation may further improve the application of the technique in pig-to-human xenotransplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuminori Tanihara
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Faculty of Bioscience and Bioindustry, Tokushima University, 2272-1 Ishii, Myozai-gun, Tokushima, 779-3233, Japan
| | - Maki Hirata
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Faculty of Bioscience and Bioindustry, Tokushima University, 2272-1 Ishii, Myozai-gun, Tokushima, 779-3233, Japan.
| | - Nhien Thi Nguyen
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Faculty of Bioscience and Bioindustry, Tokushima University, 2272-1 Ishii, Myozai-gun, Tokushima, 779-3233, Japan
| | - Osamu Sawamoto
- Research and Development Center, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Factory, Inc., 115 Muya-cho, Naruto, Tokushima, 772-8601, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kikuchi
- Research and Development Center, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Factory, Inc., 115 Muya-cho, Naruto, Tokushima, 772-8601, Japan
| | - Masako Doi
- Research and Development Center, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Factory, Inc., 115 Muya-cho, Naruto, Tokushima, 772-8601, Japan
| | - Takeshige Otoi
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Faculty of Bioscience and Bioindustry, Tokushima University, 2272-1 Ishii, Myozai-gun, Tokushima, 779-3233, Japan
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Matsunari H, Honda M, Watanabe M, Fukushima S, Suzuki K, Miyagawa S, Nakano K, Umeyama K, Uchikura A, Okamoto K, Nagaya M, Toyo-oka T, Sawa Y, Nagashima H. Pigs with δ-sarcoglycan deficiency exhibit traits of genetic cardiomyopathy. J Transl Med 2020; 100:887-899. [PMID: 32060408 PMCID: PMC7280178 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-020-0406-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Revised: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic cardiomyopathy is a group of intractable cardiovascular disorders involving heterogeneous genetic contribution. This heterogeneity has hindered the development of life-saving therapies for this serious disease. Genetic mutations in dystrophin and its associated glycoproteins cause cardiomuscular dysfunction. Large animal models incorporating these genetic defects are crucial for developing effective medical treatments, such as tissue regeneration and gene therapy. In the present study, we knocked out the δ-sarcoglycan (δ-SG) gene (SGCD) in domestic pig by using a combination of efficient de novo gene editing and somatic cell nuclear transfer. Loss of δ-SG expression in the SGCD knockout pigs caused a concomitant reduction in the levels of α-, β-, and γ-SG in the cardiac and skeletal sarcolemma, resulting in systolic dysfunction, myocardial tissue degeneration, and sudden death. These animals exhibited symptoms resembling human genetic cardiomyopathy and are thus promising for use in preclinical studies of next-generation therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitomi Matsunari
- grid.411764.10000 0001 2106 7990Meiji University International Institute for Bio-Resource Research, Kawasaki, 214-8571 Japan ,grid.411764.10000 0001 2106 7990Laboratory of Developmental Engineering, Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kawasaki, 214-8571 Japan
| | - Michiyo Honda
- grid.411764.10000 0001 2106 7990Meiji University International Institute for Bio-Resource Research, Kawasaki, 214-8571 Japan
| | - Masahito Watanabe
- grid.411764.10000 0001 2106 7990Meiji University International Institute for Bio-Resource Research, Kawasaki, 214-8571 Japan
| | - Satsuki Fukushima
- grid.136593.b0000 0004 0373 3971Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, 565-0871 Japan
| | - Kouta Suzuki
- grid.136593.b0000 0004 0373 3971Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, 565-0871 Japan
| | - Shigeru Miyagawa
- grid.136593.b0000 0004 0373 3971Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, 565-0871 Japan
| | - Kazuaki Nakano
- grid.411764.10000 0001 2106 7990Laboratory of Developmental Engineering, Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kawasaki, 214-8571 Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Umeyama
- grid.411764.10000 0001 2106 7990Meiji University International Institute for Bio-Resource Research, Kawasaki, 214-8571 Japan
| | - Ayuko Uchikura
- grid.411764.10000 0001 2106 7990Meiji University International Institute for Bio-Resource Research, Kawasaki, 214-8571 Japan
| | - Kazutoshi Okamoto
- grid.411764.10000 0001 2106 7990Laboratory of Developmental Engineering, Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kawasaki, 214-8571 Japan
| | - Masaki Nagaya
- grid.411764.10000 0001 2106 7990Meiji University International Institute for Bio-Resource Research, Kawasaki, 214-8571 Japan
| | - Teruhiko Toyo-oka
- grid.410786.c0000 0000 9206 2938Department of Cardioangiology, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, 252-0375 Japan
| | - Yoshiki Sawa
- grid.136593.b0000 0004 0373 3971Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, 565-0871 Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nagashima
- Meiji University International Institute for Bio-Resource Research, Kawasaki, 214-8571, Japan. .,Laboratory of Developmental Engineering, Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kawasaki, 214-8571, Japan.
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13
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Zinovieva NA, Volkova NA, Bagirov VA. Genome Editing: Current State of Research and Application to Animal Husbandry. APPL BIOCHEM MICRO+ 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s000368381907007x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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14
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Platt JL, Cascalho M, Piedrahita JA. Xenotransplantation: Progress Along Paths Uncertain from Models to Application. ILAR J 2019; 59:286-308. [PMID: 30541147 DOI: 10.1093/ilar/ily015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Revised: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
For more than a century, transplantation of tissues and organs from animals into man, xenotransplantation, has been viewed as a potential way to treat disease. Ironically, interest in xenotransplantation was fueled especially by successful application of allotransplantation, that is, transplantation of human tissue and organs, as a treatment for a variety of diseases, especially organ failure because scarcity of human tissues limited allotransplantation to a fraction of those who could benefit. In principle, use of animals such as pigs as a source of transplants would allow transplantation to exert a vastly greater impact than allotransplantation on medicine and public health. However, biological barriers to xenotransplantation, including immunity of the recipient, incompatibility of biological systems, and transmission of novel infectious agents, are believed to exceed the barriers to allotransplantation and presently to hinder clinical applications. One way potentially to address the barriers to xenotransplantation is by genetic engineering animal sources. The last 2 decades have brought progressive advances in approaches that can be applied to genetic modification of large animals. Application of these approaches to genetic engineering of pigs has contributed to dramatic improvement in the outcome of experimental xenografts in nonhuman primates and have encouraged the development of a new type of xenograft, a reverse xenograft, in which human stem cells are introduced into pigs under conditions that support differentiation and expansion into functional tissues and potentially organs. These advances make it appropriate to consider the potential limitation of genetic engineering and of current models for advancing the clinical applications of xenotransplantation and reverse xenotransplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey L Platt
- Surgery, Microbiology & Immunology, and Transplantation Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Marilia Cascalho
- Surgery, Microbiology & Immunology, and Transplantation Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Jorge A Piedrahita
- Translational Medicine and The Comparative Medicine Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
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15
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Choi K, Shim J, Ko N, Park J. No excessive mutations in transcription activator-like effector nuclease-mediated α-1,3-galactosyltransferase knockout Yucatan miniature pigs. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2019; 33:360-372. [PMID: 31480150 PMCID: PMC6946973 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.19.0480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Specific genomic sites can be recognized and permanently modified by genome editing. The discovery of endonucleases has advanced genome editing in pigs, attenuating xenograft rejection and cross-species disease transmission. However, off-target mutagenesis caused by these nucleases is a major barrier to putative clinical applications. Furthermore, off-target mutagenesis by genome editing has not yet been addressed in pigs. METHODS Here, we generated genetically inheritable α-1,3-galactosyltransferase (GGTA1) knockout Yucatan miniature pigs by combining transcription activator-like effector nuclease (TALEN) and nuclear transfer. For precise estimation of genomic mutations induced by TALEN in GGTA1 knockout pigs, we obtained the whole-genome sequence of the donor cells for use as an internal control genome. RESULTS In-depth whole-genome sequencing analysis demonstrated that TALEN-mediated GGTA1 knockout pigs had a comparable mutation rate to homologous recombination-treated pigs and wild-type strain controls. RNA sequencing analysis associated with genomic mutations revealed that TALEN-induced off-target mutations had no discernable effect on RNA transcript abundance. CONCLUSION Therefore, TALEN appears to be a precise and safe tool for generating genome-edited pigs, and the TALEN-mediated GGTA1 knockout Yucatan miniature pigs produced in this study can serve as a safe and effective organ and tissue resource for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joohyun Shim
- Optipharm Inc., Cheongju 28158, Korea.,Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Nayoung Ko
- Optipharm Inc., Cheongju 28158, Korea.,Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Joonghoon Park
- Department of International Agricultural Technology, Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang 25354, Korea.,Institute of Green Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang 25354, Korea
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16
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Pan D, Liu T, Lei T, Zhu H, Wang Y, Deng S. Progress in multiple genetically modified minipigs for xenotransplantation in China. Xenotransplantation 2019; 26:e12492. [PMID: 30775816 DOI: 10.1111/xen.12492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Pig-to-human organ transplantation provides an alternative for critical shortage of human organs worldwide. Genetically modified pigs are promising donors for xenotransplantation as they show many anatomical and physiological similarities to humans. However, immunological rejection including hyperacute rejection (HAR), acute humoral xenograft rejection (AHXR), immune cell-mediated rejection, and other barriers associated with xenotransplantation must be overcome with various strategies for the genetic modification of pigs. In this review, we summarize the outcomes of genetically modified and cloned pigs achieved by Chinese scientists to resolve the above-mentioned problems in xenotransplantation. It is now possible to knockout several porcine genes associated with the expression of sugar residues, antigens for (naturally) existing antibodies in humans, including GGTA1, CMAH, and β4GalNT2, and thereby preventing the antigen-antibody response. Moreover, insertion of human complement- and coagulation-regulatory transgenes, such as CD46, CD55, CD59, and hTBM, can further overcome effects of the humoral immune response and coagulation dysfunction, while expression of regulatory factors of immune responses can inhibit the adaptive immune rejection. Furthermore, transgenic strategies have been developed by Chinese scientists to reduce the potential risk of infections by endogenous porcine retroviruses (PERVs). Breeding of multi-gene low-immunogenicity pigs in China is also presented in this review. Lastly, we will briefly mention the preclinical studies on pig-to-non-human primate xenotransplantation conducted in several centers in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dengke Pan
- Organ Transplant and Clinical Immunology Translational Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of an Transplant Science & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Ting Liu
- School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Tiantian Lei
- School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Huibin Zhu
- Chengdu Clonorgan Biotechnology Co., LTD, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Health Management Center, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Shaoping Deng
- Organ Transplant and Clinical Immunology Translational Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of an Transplant Science & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
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17
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Yin Y, Hao H, Xu X, Shen L, Wu W, Zhang J, Li Q. Generation of an MC3R knock-out pig by CRSPR/Cas9 combined with somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) technology. Lipids Health Dis 2019; 18:122. [PMID: 31138220 PMCID: PMC6540458 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-019-1073-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Melanocortin 3 receptor (MC3R), a rhodopsin-like G protein-coupled receptor, is an important regulator of metabolism. Although MC3R knock-out (KO) mice and rats were generated in earlier studies, the function of MC3R remains elusive. Since pig models have many advantages over rodents in metabolism research, we generated an MC3R-KO pig using a CRSPR/Cas9-based system combined with somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) technology. METHOD Four CRSPR/Cas9 target vectors were constructed and then their cleavage efficiency was tested in porcine fetal fibroblasts (PFFs). The pX330-sgRNA1 and pX330-sgRNA4 vectors were used to co-transfect PFFs to obtain positive colonies. PCR screening and sequencing were conducted to identify the genotype of the colonies. The biallelically modified colonies and wild-type control colonies were used simultaneously as donor cells for SCNT. A total of 1203 reconstructed embryos were transferred into 6 surrogates, of which one became pregnant. The genotypes of the resulting piglets were determined by PCR and sequencing, and off-target effects in the MC3R KO piglets were detected by sequencing. Then, offspring were obtained through breeding and six male KO pigs were used for the growth performance analysis. RESULTS Four vectors were constructed successfully, and their cleavage efficiencies were 27.96, 44.89, 32.72 and 38.86%, respectively. A total of 21 mutant colonies, including 11 MC3R-/- and 10 MC3R+/- clones, were obtained, corresponding to a gene targeting efficiency of 29.17%, with 15.28% biallelic mutations. A total of 6 piglets were born, and only two MC3R KO piglets were generated, one with malformations and a healthy one. No off-target effects were detected by sequencing in the healthy mutant. Six male MC3R KO pigs were obtained in the F2 generation and their body weight and body fat were both increased compared to wild-type full siblings. CONCLUSION A MC3R KO pig strain was generated using the CRSIPR/Cas9-based system, which makes it possible to study the biological function of MC3R in a non-rodent model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajun Yin
- College of Biological, Chemical Science and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 314001, China
| | - Haiyang Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology & College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xingbin Xu
- College of life science and biotechnology, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao, 066004, China
| | - Liangcai Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology & College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Wenjing Wu
- College of Biological, Chemical Science and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 314001, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- College of Biological, Chemical Science and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 314001, China.
- College of life science and biotechnology, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao, 066004, China.
| | - Qiuyan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology & College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
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18
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Kim GA, Lee EM, Cho B, Alam Z, Kim SJ, Lee S, Oh HJ, Hwang JI, Ahn C, Lee BC. Generation by somatic cell nuclear transfer of GGTA1 knockout pigs expressing soluble human TNFRI-Fc and human HO-1. Transgenic Res 2018; 28:91-102. [DOI: 10.1007/s11248-018-0103-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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19
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Lu Y, Shao A, Shan Y, Zhao H, Leiguo M, Zhang Y, Tang Y, Zhang W, Jin Y, Xu L. A standardized quantitative method for detecting remnant alpha-Gal antigen in animal tissues or animal tissue-derived biomaterials and its application. Sci Rep 2018; 8:15424. [PMID: 30337555 PMCID: PMC6194003 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-32959-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Alpha-Gal (Gal) epitopes present in animal tissues are known to be the key xenoantigens that elicit xenorejection. However, a standardized method to determine Gal epitope in animal tissue-derived biomaterials does not exist. Herein, a standardized method for quantitative detection of Gal antigen was established based on an ELISA inhibition assay with Gal antibody. In this method, the key optimized experimental conditions were: (1) Gal-antigen positive and negative reference materials were developed, and used as positive and negative control in the test system, respectively; (2) A mixture of artificial Gal-BSA antigen plus Gal-negative matrix was used as the calibration standard sample, making it has similar composition with test sample; and (3) The lysis buffer was combined with the homogenate to expose the Gal antigen as much as possible. The results from validation and application experiments showed that the standardized method had good reproducibility (RSD = 12.48%), and the lower detection limit (LDL) is ~7.1 × 1011 Gal epitopes/reaction. This method has been further developed into a detection Kit (Meitan 70101, China), and it has been developed as a standard method for detecting remnant immunogen of animal tissue derived medical devices, and as the industry standard has been released in China. (YY/T 1561–2017).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Lu
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, 102629, Beijing, China.,School of Medical Lab Science and life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, 325035, Wenzhou, China.,Subei People's Hospital of Jiangsu Province, 225001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Anliang Shao
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, 102629, Beijing, China
| | - Yongqiang Shan
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, 102629, Beijing, China.,School of Medical Lab Science and life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, 325035, Wenzhou, China
| | - Hongni Zhao
- Research and Development Center for Tissue Engineering, Fourth Military Medical University, 710032, Xi'an, China
| | - Ming Leiguo
- Research and Development Center for Tissue Engineering, Fourth Military Medical University, 710032, Xi'an, China
| | - Yongjie Zhang
- Research and Development Center for Tissue Engineering, Fourth Military Medical University, 710032, Xi'an, China
| | - Yinxi Tang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Regenerative Medical Implant Devices, Guanhao Biotech, Co., LTD, 510530, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Regenerative Medical Implant Devices, Guanhao Biotech, Co., LTD, 510530, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Jin
- Research and Development Center for Tissue Engineering, Fourth Military Medical University, 710032, Xi'an, China.
| | - Liming Xu
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, 102629, Beijing, China. .,School of Medical Lab Science and life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, 325035, Wenzhou, China.
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20
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Wu H, Liu Q, Shi H, Xie J, Zhang Q, Ouyang Z, Li N, Yang Y, Liu Z, Zhao Y, Lai C, Ruan D, Peng J, Ge W, Chen F, Fan N, Jin Q, Liang Y, Lan T, Yang X, Wang X, Lei Z, Doevendans PA, Sluijter JPG, Wang K, Li X, Lai L. Engineering CRISPR/Cpf1 with tRNA promotes genome editing capability in mammalian systems. Cell Mol Life Sci 2018; 75:3593-3607. [PMID: 29637228 PMCID: PMC11105780 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-018-2810-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
CRISPR/Cpf1 features a number of properties that are distinct from CRISPR/Cas9 and provides an excellent alternative to Cas9 for genome editing. To date, genome engineering by CRISPR/Cpf1 has been reported only in human cells and mouse embryos of mammalian systems and its efficiency is ultimately lower than that of Cas9 proteins from Streptococcus pyogenes. The application of CRISPR/Cpf1 for targeted mutagenesis in other animal models has not been successfully verified. In this study, we designed and optimized a guide RNA (gRNA) transcription system by inserting a transfer RNA precursor (pre-tRNA) sequence downstream of the gRNA for Cpf1, protecting gRNA from immediate digestion by 3'-to-5' exonucleases. Using this new gRNAtRNA system, genome editing, including indels, large fragment deletion and precise point mutation, was induced in mammalian systems, showing significantly higher efficiency than the original Cpf1-gRNA system. With this system, gene-modified rabbits and pigs were generated by embryo injection or somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) with an efficiency comparable to that of the Cas9 gRNA system. These results demonstrated that this refined gRNAtRNA system can boost the targeting capability of CRISPR/Cpf1 toolkits.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Animals, Genetically Modified
- Animals, Newborn
- Bacterial Proteins/genetics
- Bacterial Proteins/metabolism
- CRISPR-Cas Systems/genetics
- Cells, Cultured
- Cloning, Molecular/methods
- Cloning, Organism/methods
- Embryo, Mammalian
- Endonucleases/genetics
- Endonucleases/metabolism
- Female
- Fetus
- Gene Editing/methods
- Genome/genetics
- HEK293 Cells
- HeLa Cells
- Humans
- Male
- Mammals/embryology
- Mammals/genetics
- Mutagenesis
- Nuclear Transfer Techniques
- Pregnancy
- RNA, Guide, CRISPR-Cas Systems/genetics
- RNA, Transfer/genetics
- Rabbits
- Swine
- Swine, Miniature
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
| | - Qishuai Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
| | - Hui Shi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
| | - Jingke Xie
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
| | - Quanjun Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
| | - Zhen Ouyang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
| | - Nan Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, China
| | - Zhaoming Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
| | - Yu Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
| | - Chengdan Lai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
| | - Degong Ruan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
| | - Jiangyun Peng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
| | - Weikai Ge
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
| | - Fangbing Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
| | - Nana Fan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
| | - Qin Jin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
| | - Yanhui Liang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
| | - Ting Lan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
| | - Xiaoyu Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
- Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Xiaoshan Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
| | - Zhiyong Lei
- Department of Cardiology, Experimental Cardiology Laboratory, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Heart Institute, 3584CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Pieter A Doevendans
- Department of Cardiology, Experimental Cardiology Laboratory, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Heart Institute, 3584CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Joost P G Sluijter
- Department of Cardiology, Experimental Cardiology Laboratory, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Heart Institute, 3584CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Kepin Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China.
| | - Xiaoping Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China.
| | - Liangxue Lai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China.
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China.
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21
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Yang H, Wu Z. Genome Editing of Pigs for Agriculture and Biomedicine. Front Genet 2018; 9:360. [PMID: 30233645 PMCID: PMC6131568 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2018.00360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Pigs serve as an important agricultural resource and animal model in biomedical studies. Efficient and precise modification of pig genome by using recently developed gene editing tools has significantly broadened the application of pig models in various research areas. The three types of site-specific nucleases, namely, zinc-finger nucleases, transcription activator-like effector nucleases, and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein, are the main gene editing tools that can efficiently introduce predetermined modifications, including knockouts and knockins, into the pig genome. These modifications can confer desired phenotypes to pigs to improve production traits, such as optimal meat production, enhanced feed digestibility, and disease resistance. Besides, given their genetic, anatomic, and physiologic similarities to humans, pigs can also be modified to model human diseases or to serve as an organ source for xenotransplantation to save human lives. To date, many genetically modified pig models with agricultural or biomedical values have been established by using gene editing tools. These pig models are expected to accelerate research progress in related fields and benefit humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaqiang Yang
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenfang Wu
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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22
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Cheng N, Wang Q, Shang Y, Xu Y, Huang K, Yang Z, Pan D, Xu W, Luo Y. Rapid and low-cost strategy for detecting genome-editing induced deletion: A single-copy case. Anal Chim Acta 2018; 1019:111-118. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2018.02.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2017] [Revised: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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23
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Zhang J, Cui ML, Nie YW, Dai B, Li FR, Liu DJ, Liang H, Cang M. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated specific integration of fat-1 at the goat MSTN locus. FEBS J 2018; 285:2828-2839. [PMID: 29802684 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in understanding the CRISPR/Cas9 system have provided a precise and versatile approach for genome editing in various species. However, no study has reported simultaneous knockout of endogenous genes and site-specific knockin of exogenous genes in large animal models. Using the CRISPR/Cas9 system, this study specifically inserted the fat-1 gene into the goat MSTN locus, thereby achieving simultaneous fat-1 insertion and MSTN mutation. We introduced the Cas9, MSTN knockout small guide RNA and fat-1 knockin vectors into goat fetal fibroblasts by electroporation, and obtained a total of 156 positive clonal cell lines. PCR and sequencing were performed for identification. Of the 156 clonal strains, 40 (25.6%) had simultaneous MSTN knockout and fat-1 insertion at the MSTN locus without drug selection, and 55 (35.25%) and 101 (67.3%) had MSTN mutations and fat-1 insertions, respectively. We generated a site-specific knockin Arbas cashmere goat model using a combination of CRISPR/Cas9 and somatic cell nuclear transfer for the first time. For biosafety, we mainly focused on unmarked and non-resistant gene screening, and point-specific gene editing. The results showed that simultaneous editing of the two genes (simultaneous knockout and knockin) was achieved in large animals, demonstrating that the CRISPR/Cas9 system has the potential to become an important and applicable gene engineering tool in safe animal breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation & Breeding of Grassland Livestock, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Meng-Lan Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation & Breeding of Grassland Livestock, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Yong-Wei Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation & Breeding of Grassland Livestock, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Bai Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation & Breeding of Grassland Livestock, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Fei-Ran Li
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation & Breeding of Grassland Livestock, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Dong-Jun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation & Breeding of Grassland Livestock, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Hao Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation & Breeding of Grassland Livestock, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Ming Cang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation & Breeding of Grassland Livestock, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
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24
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Fischer K, Kind A, Schnieke A. Assembling multiple xenoprotective transgenes in pigs. Xenotransplantation 2018; 25:e12431. [PMID: 30055014 DOI: 10.1111/xen.12431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Revised: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
This review gives a brief overview of the genetic modifications necessary for grafted porcine tissues and organs to overcome rejection in human recipients. It then focuses on the problem of generating and breeding herds of donor pigs carrying modified endogenous genes and multiple xenoprotective transgenes. A xenodonor pig optimised for human clinical use could well require the addition of ten or more xenoprotective transgenes. It is impractical to produce the required combination of transgene by cross-breeding animals bearing individual transgenes at unlinked genetic loci, because independent segregation means that huge numbers of pigs would be required to produce relatively few donor animals. A better approach is to colocate groups of transgenes at a single genomic locus. We outline current methods to assemble transgene arrays and consider their pros and cons. These include polycistronic expression systems, in vitro recombination of large DNA fragments in PAC and BAC vectors, transposon vectors, classical gene targeting by homologous recombination at permissive loci such as ROSA26, targeted transgene placement aided by gene editing systems such as CRISPR/Cas9, and transgene placement by site-specific recombination such as Min-tagging using the Bxb1recombinase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konrad Fischer
- Chair of Livestock Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
| | - Alexander Kind
- Chair of Livestock Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
| | - Angelika Schnieke
- Chair of Livestock Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
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25
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Insight into the molecular mechanism of miR-192 regulating Escherichia coli resistance in piglets. Biosci Rep 2018; 38:BSR20171160. [PMID: 29363554 PMCID: PMC5821941 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20171160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Revised: 12/31/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have important roles in many cellular processes, including cell proliferation, growth and development, and disease control. Previous study demonstrated that the expression of two highly homologous miRNAs (miR-192 and miR-215) was up-regulated in weaned piglets with Escherichia coli F18 infection. However, the potential molecular mechanism of miR-192 in regulating E. coli infection remains unclear in pigs. In the present study, we analyzed the relationship between level of miR-192 and degree of E. coli resistance using transcription activator-like effector nuclease (TALEN), in vitro bacterial adhesion assays, and target genes research. A TALEN expression vector that specifically recognizes the pig miR-192 was constructed and then monoclonal epithelial cells defective in miR-192 were established. We found that miR-192 knockout led to enhance the adhesion ability of the E. coli strains F18ab, F18ac and K88ac, meanwhile increase the expression of target genes (DLG5 and ALCAM) by qPCR and Western blotting analysis. The results suggested that miR-192 and its key target genes (DLG5 and ALCAM) could have a key role in E. coli infection. Based on our findings, we propose that further investigation of miR-192 function is likely to lead to insights into the molecular mechanisms of E. coli infection.
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26
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Meier RPH, Muller YD, Balaphas A, Morel P, Pascual M, Seebach JD, Buhler LH. Xenotransplantation: back to the future? Transpl Int 2018; 31:465-477. [PMID: 29210109 DOI: 10.1111/tri.13104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Revised: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The field of xenotransplantation has fluctuated between great optimism and doubts over the last 50 years. The initial clinical attempts were extremely ambitious but faced technical and ethical issues that prompted the research community to go back to preclinical studies. Important players left the field due to perceived xenozoonotic risks and the lack of progress in pig-to-nonhuman-primate transplant models. Initial apparently unsurmountable issues appear now to be possible to overcome due to progress of genetic engineering, allowing the generation of multiple-xenoantigen knockout pigs that express human transgenes and the genomewide inactivation of porcine endogenous retroviruses. These important steps forward were made possible by new genome editing technologies, such as CRISPR/Cas9, allowing researchers to precisely remove or insert genes anywhere in the genome. An additional emerging perspective is the possibility of growing humanized organs in pigs using blastocyst complementation. This article summarizes the current advances in xenotransplantation research in nonhuman primates, and it describes the newly developed genome editing technology tools and interspecific organ generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphael P H Meier
- Visceral and Transplant Surgery, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Yannick D Muller
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medical Specialties, University Hospitals and Medical Faculty, Geneva, Switzerland.,Transplantation Center, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Alexandre Balaphas
- Visceral and Transplant Surgery, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Philippe Morel
- Visceral and Transplant Surgery, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Manuel Pascual
- Transplantation Center, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jörg D Seebach
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medical Specialties, University Hospitals and Medical Faculty, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Leo H Buhler
- Visceral and Transplant Surgery, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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27
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Sato M, Miyoshi K, Nakamura S, Ohtsuka M, Sakurai T, Watanabe S, Kawaguchi H, Tanimoto A. Efficient Generation of Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer-Competent Porcine Cells with Mutated Alleles at Multiple Target Loci by Using CRISPR/Cas9 Combined with Targeted Toxin-Based Selection System. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18122610. [PMID: 29207527 PMCID: PMC5751213 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18122610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The recent advancement in genome editing such a CRISPR/Cas9 system has enabled isolation of cells with knocked multiple alleles through a one-step transfection. Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) has been frequently employed as one of the efficient tools for the production of genetically modified (GM) animals. To use GM cells as SCNT donor, efficient isolation of transfectants with mutations at multiple target loci is often required. The methods for the isolation of such GM cells largely rely on the use of drug selection-based approach using selectable genes; however, it is often difficult to isolate cells with mutations at multiple target loci. In this study, we used a novel approach for the efficient isolation of porcine cells with at least two target loci mutations by one-step introduction of CRISPR/Cas9-related components. A single guide (sg) RNA targeted to GGTA1 gene, involved in the synthesis of cell-surface α-Gal epitope (known as xenogenic antigen), is always a prerequisite. When the transfected cells were reacted with toxin-labeled BS-I-B4 isolectin for 2 h at 37 °C to eliminate α-Gal epitope-expressing cells, the surviving clones lacked α-Gal epitope expression and were highly expected to exhibit induced mutations at another target loci. Analysis of these α-Gal epitope-negative surviving cells demonstrated a 100% occurrence of genome editing at target loci. SCNT using these cells as donors resulted in the production of cloned blastocysts with the genotype similar to that of the donor cells used. Thus, this novel system will be useful for SCNT-mediated acquisition of GM cloned piglets, in which multiple target loci may be mutated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Sato
- Section of Gene Expression Regulation, Frontier Science Research Center, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan.
| | - Kazuchika Miyoshi
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan.
| | - Shingo Nakamura
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, National Defense Medical College Research Institute, Saitama 359-8513, Japan.
| | - Masato Ohtsuka
- Division of Basic Medical Science and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Tokai University, Kanagawa 259-1193, Japan.
- The Institute of Medical Sciences, Tokai University, Kanagawa 259-1193, Japan.
| | - Takayuki Sakurai
- Basic Research Division for Next-Generation Disease Models and Fundamental Technology, Research Center for Next Generation Medicine, Shinshu University, Nagano 390-8621, Japan.
| | - Satoshi Watanabe
- Animal Genome Research Unit, Division of Animal Science, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Ibaraki 305-8602, Japan.
| | - Hiroaki Kawaguchi
- Department of Hygiene and Health Promotion Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan.
| | - Akihide Tanimoto
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan.
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28
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Sato M, Kosuke M, Koriyama M, Inada E, Saitoh I, Ohtsuka M, Nakamura S, Sakurai T, Watanabe S, Miyoshi K. Timing of CRISPR/Cas9-related mRNA microinjection after activation as an important factor affecting genome editing efficiency in porcine oocytes. Theriogenology 2017; 108:29-38. [PMID: 29195121 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2017.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Revised: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Recently, successful one-step genome editing by microinjection of CRISPR/Cas9-related mRNA components into the porcine zygote has been described. Given the relatively long gestational period and the high cost of housing swine, the establishment of an effective microinjection-based porcine genome editing method is urgently required. Previously, we have attempted to disrupt a gene encoding α-1,3-galactosyltransferase (GGTA1), which synthesizes the α-Gal epitope, by microinjecting CRISPR/Cas9-related nucleic acids and enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) mRNA into porcine oocytes immediately after electrical activation. We found that genome editing was indeed induced, although the resulting blastocysts were mosaic and the frequency of modified cells appeared to be low (50%). To improve genome editing efficiency in porcine oocytes, cytoplasmic injection was performed 6 h after electrical activation, a stage wherein the pronucleus is formed. The developing blastocysts exhibited higher levels of EGFP. Furthermore, the T7 endonuclease 1 assay and subsequent sequencing demonstrated that these embryos exhibited increased genome editing efficiencies (69%), although a high degree of mosaicism for the induced mutation was still observed. Single blastocyst-based cytochemical staining with fluorescently labeled isolectin BS-I-B4 also confirmed this mosaicism. Thus, the development of a technique that avoids or reduces such mosaicism would be a key factor for efficient knock out piglet production via microinjection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Sato
- Section of Gene Expression Regulation, Frontier Science Research Center, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan.
| | - Maeda Kosuke
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Miyu Koriyama
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Emi Inada
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
| | - Issei Saitoh
- Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Oral Health Sciences, Course for Oral Life Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8514, Japan
| | - Masato Ohtsuka
- Division of Basic Molecular Science and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Tokai University, Kanagawa 259-1193, Japan; The Institute of Medical Sciences, Tokai University, Kanagawa 259-1193, Japan
| | - Shingo Nakamura
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, National Defense Medical College Research Institute, Saitama 359-8513, Japan
| | - Takayuki Sakurai
- Basic Research Division for Next-Generation Disease Models and Fundamental Technology, Research Center for Next Generation Medicine, Shinshu University, Nagano 390-8621, Japan
| | - Satoshi Watanabe
- Animal Genome Research Unit, Division of Animal Science, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Ibaraki 305-8602, Japan
| | - Kazuchika Miyoshi
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
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29
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Gil MA, Martinez CA, Nohalez A, Parrilla I, Roca J, Wu J, Ross PJ, Cuello C, Izpisua JC, Martinez EA. Developmental competence of porcine genome-edited zygotes. Mol Reprod Dev 2017; 84:814-821. [PMID: 28471514 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.22829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Genome editing in pigs has tremendous practical applications for biomedicine. The advent of genome editing technology, with its use of site-specific nucleases-including ZFNs, TALENs, and the CRISPR/Cas9 system-has popularized targeted zygote genome editing via one-step microinjection in several mammalian species. Here, we review methods to optimize the developmental competence of genome-edited porcine embryos and strategies to improve the zygote genome-editing efficiency in pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria A Gil
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Cristina A Martinez
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Alicia Nohalez
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Parrilla
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Jordi Roca
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Jun Wu
- Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California
| | - Pablo J Ross
- Department of Animal Science, UC Davis, Davis, California
| | - Cristina Cuello
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Juan C Izpisua
- Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California
| | - Emilio A Martinez
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
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30
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Fernández A, Josa S, Montoliu L. A history of genome editing in mammals. Mamm Genome 2017; 28:237-246. [DOI: 10.1007/s00335-017-9699-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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31
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Generation of CMAHKO/GTKO/shTNFRI-Fc/HO-1 quadruple gene modified pigs. Transgenic Res 2017; 26:435-445. [PMID: 28553699 DOI: 10.1007/s11248-017-0021-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
As an alternative source of organs for transplantation into humans, attention has been directed to pigs due to their similarities in biological features and organ size. However, severe immune rejection has prevented successful xenotransplantation using pig organs and tissues. To overcome immune rejection, recently developed genetic engineering systems such as TALEN coupled with somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) to make embryos could be used to produce pigs compatible with xenotransplantation. We used the TALEN system to target the non-Gal antigen cytidine monophosphate-N-acetylneuraminic acid hydroxylase (CMAH) gene in pigs that is naturally deleted in humans. Gal-deleted cells expressing both soluble human tumor necrosis factor receptor I IgG1-Fc (shTNFRI-Fc) and human hemagglutinin -tagged-human heme oxygenase-1 (hHO-1) were transfected with a TALEN target for CMAH. Cells lacking CMAH were negatively selected using N-glyconeuraminic acid (Neu5Gc)/magnetic beads and the level of Neu5Gc expression of isolated cells were analyzed by FACS and DNA sequencing. Cloned embryos using 3 different genetically modified cell clones were respectively transferred into 3 recipients, with 55.6% (5/9) becoming pregnant and three cloned pigs were produced. Successful genetic disruption of the CMAH gene was confirmed by sequencing, showing lack of expression of CMAH in tail-derived fibroblasts of the cloned piglets. Besides decreased expression of Neu5Gc in piglets produced by SCNT, antibody-mediated complement-dependent cytotoxicity assays and natural antibody binding for examining immuno-reactivity of the quadruple gene modified pigs derived from endothelial cells and fibroblasts were reduced significantly compared to those of wild type animals. We conclude that by combining the TALEN system and transgenic cells, targeting of multiple genes could be useful for generating organs for xenotransplantation. We produced miniature pigs with quadruple modified genes CMAHKO/GTKO/shTNFRI-Fc/hHO-1 that will be suitable for xenotransplantation by overcoming hyperacute, acute and anti-inflammatory rejection.
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32
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Sper RB, Koh S, Zhang X, Simpson S, Collins B, Sommer J, Petters RM, Caballero I, Platt JL, Piedrahita JA. Generation of a Stable Transgenic Swine Model Expressing a Porcine Histone 2B-eGFP Fusion Protein for Cell Tracking and Chromosome Dynamics Studies. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0169242. [PMID: 28081156 PMCID: PMC5230777 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0169242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Transgenic pigs have become an attractive research model in the field of translational research, regenerative medicine, and stem cell therapy due to their anatomic, genetic and physiological similarities with humans. The development of fluorescent proteins as molecular tags has allowed investigators to track cell migration and engraftment levels after transplantation. Here we describe the development of two transgenic pig models via SCNT expressing a fusion protein composed of eGFP and porcine Histone 2B (pH2B). This fusion protein is targeted to the nucleosomes resulting a nuclear/chromatin eGFP signal. The first model (I) was generated via random insertion of pH2B-eGFP driven by the CAG promoter (chicken beta actin promoter and rabbit Globin poly A; pCAG-pH2B-eGFP) and protected by human interferon-β matrix attachment regions (MARs). Despite the consistent, high, and ubiquitous expression of the fusion protein pH2B-eGFP in all tissues analyzed, two independently generated Model I transgenic lines developed neurodegenerative symptoms including Wallerian degeneration between 3-5 months of age, requiring euthanasia. A second transgenic model (II) was developed via CRISPR-Cas9 mediated homology-directed repair (HDR) of IRES-pH2B-eGFP into the endogenous β-actin (ACTB) locus. Model II transgenic animals showed ubiquitous expression of pH2B-eGFP on all tissues analyzed. Unlike the pCAG-pH2B-eGFP/MAR line, all Model II animals were healthy and multiple pregnancies have been established with progeny showing the expected Mendelian ratio for the transmission of the pH2B-eGFP. Expression of pH2B-eGFP was used to examine the timing of the maternal to zygotic transition after IVF, and to examine chromosome segregation of SCNT embryos. To our knowledge this is the first viable transgenic pig model with chromatin-associated eGFP allowing both cell tracking and the study of chromatin dynamics in a large animal model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renan B. Sper
- Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Sehwon Koh
- Department of Surgery and Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Xia Zhang
- Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Sean Simpson
- Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Bruce Collins
- Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Jeff Sommer
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Robert M. Petters
- Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Ignacio Caballero
- Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Jeff L. Platt
- Department of Surgery and Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Jorge A. Piedrahita
- Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America
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33
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Josa S, Seruggia D, Fernández A, Montoliu L. Concepts and tools for gene editing. Reprod Fertil Dev 2017; 29:1-7. [DOI: 10.1071/rd16396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene editing is a relatively recent concept in the molecular biology field. Traditional genetic modifications in animals relied on a classical toolbox that, aside from some technical improvements and additions, remained unchanged for many years. Classical methods involved direct delivery of DNA sequences into embryos or the use of embryonic stem cells for those few species (mice and rats) where it was possible to establish them. For livestock, the advent of somatic cell nuclear transfer platforms provided alternative, but technically challenging, approaches for the genetic alteration of loci at will. However, the entire landscape changed with the appearance of different classes of genome editors, from initial zinc finger nucleases, to transcription activator-like effector nucleases and, most recently, with the development of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) and CRISPR-associated proteins (Cas). Gene editing is currently achieved by CRISPR–Cas-mediated methods, and this technological advancement has boosted our capacity to generate almost any genetically altered animal that can be envisaged.
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34
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Wang Y, Du Y, Zhou X, Wang L, Li J, Wang F, Huang Z, Huang X, Wei H. Efficient generation of B2m-null pigs via injection of zygote with TALENs. Sci Rep 2016; 6:38854. [PMID: 27982048 PMCID: PMC5159787 DOI: 10.1038/srep38854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Donor major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC I) molecules are the main targets of the host immune response after organ allotransplantation. Whether and how MHC I-deficiency of pig donor tissues affects rejection after xenotransplantation has not been assessed. Beta2-microglobulin (B2M) is indispensable for the assembly of MHC I receptors and therefore provides an effective target to disrupt cell surface MHC I expression. Here, we report the one-step generation of mutant pigs with targeted disruptions in B2m by injection of porcine zygotes with B2m exon 2-specific TALENs. After germline transmission of mutant B2m alleles, we obtained F1 pigs with biallelic B2m frameshift mutations. F1 pigs lacked detectable B2M expression in tissues derived from the three germ layers, and their lymphocytes were devoid of MHC I surface receptors. Skin grafts from B2M deficient pigs exhibited remarkably prolonged survival on xenogeneic wounds compared to tissues of non-mutant littermates. Mutant founder pigs with bi-allelic disruption in B2m and B2M deficient F1 offspring did not display visible abnormalities, suggesting that pigs are tolerant to B2M deficiency. In summary, we show the efficient generation of pigs with germline mutations in B2m, and demonstrate a beneficial effect of donor MHC I-deficiency on xenotransplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Wang
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Yinan Du
- MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center of Nanjing University, National Resource Center for Mutant Mice, Nanjing 210061, China.,School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 100 Haike Rd., Pudong New Area, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Xiaoyang Zhou
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Lulu Wang
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Jian Li
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Fengchao Wang
- Institute of Combined Injury, College of Military Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Zhengen Huang
- Research Institute of Burns, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Xingxu Huang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center of Nanjing University, National Resource Center for Mutant Mice, Nanjing 210061, China.,School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 100 Haike Rd., Pudong New Area, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Hong Wei
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
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Chuang CK, Chen CH, Huang CL, Su YH, Peng SH, Lin TY, Tai HC, Yang TS, Tu CF. Generation of GGTA1 Mutant Pigs by Direct Pronuclear Microinjection of CRISPR/Cas9 Plasmid Vectors. Anim Biotechnol 2016; 28:174-181. [PMID: 27834588 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2016.1246453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted to confirm that 1-site and 4-site ppU6-GGTA1-gRNA CRISPR vectors together with the pCX-Flag2-NLS1-Cas9-NLS2 plasmid can both generate KO pigs by direct pronuclear microinjection. In total, 41 and 53 fertilized eggs were microinjected on 1-site and 4-site strategies, respectively. The 1-site construction generated a litter of 8 piglets, and 2 were mono-allelic mutant (mMt). The injection of 4-site constructions resulted in one biallelic mutant (bMt) and one mMt piglet in a litter of 7. Those 3 mMt pigs had a 4 bp deletion, 5 bp insertion, or 7 bp insertion at site I, and the bMt pig had 5 types of mutations at cleavage sites I and III. The expression of alpha-Gal on the bMt peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) was reduced, and survival rate of bMt PBMCs was maintained as indicated by results of cultivation with sera of humans or Formosan Macaques. We concluded that mutant pigs could be generated by direct pronuclear microinjection of ppU6-GGTA1-gRNA CRISPR vectors with the pCX-Flag2-NLS1-Cas9-NLS2 plasmid and that the 4-site strategy has a better mutant efficiency. Porcine U6 promoter was firstly used to express KO vectors and effectively generate mutant pigs, worthily to adopt for future KO studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Kai Chuang
- a Division of Animal Technology, Animal Technology Laboratories , Agricultural Technology Research Institute , Taiwan , Republic of China
| | - Chien-Hong Chen
- a Division of Animal Technology, Animal Technology Laboratories , Agricultural Technology Research Institute , Taiwan , Republic of China
| | - Chung-Ling Huang
- a Division of Animal Technology, Animal Technology Laboratories , Agricultural Technology Research Institute , Taiwan , Republic of China
| | - Yu-Hsiu Su
- a Division of Animal Technology, Animal Technology Laboratories , Agricultural Technology Research Institute , Taiwan , Republic of China
| | - Shu-Hui Peng
- a Division of Animal Technology, Animal Technology Laboratories , Agricultural Technology Research Institute , Taiwan , Republic of China
| | - Tai-Yun Lin
- a Division of Animal Technology, Animal Technology Laboratories , Agricultural Technology Research Institute , Taiwan , Republic of China
| | - Hao-Chih Tai
- b Department of Surgery , National Taiwan University Hospital , Taipei, Taiwan , Republic of China
| | - Tien-Shuh Yang
- c Department of Biotechnology and Animal Science , National Ilan University , Taiwan , Republic of China
| | - Ching-Fu Tu
- a Division of Animal Technology, Animal Technology Laboratories , Agricultural Technology Research Institute , Taiwan , Republic of China
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Cheng W, Zhao H, Yu H, Xin J, Wang J, Zeng L, Yuan Z, Qing Y, Li H, Jia B, Yang C, Shen Y, Zhao L, Pan W, Zhao HY, Wang W, Wei HJ. Efficient generation of GGTA1-null Diannan miniature pigs using TALENs combined with somatic cell nuclear transfer. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2016; 14:77. [PMID: 27821126 PMCID: PMC5100250 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-016-0212-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND α1,3-Galactosyltransferase (GGTA1) is essential for the biosynthesis of glycoproteins and therefore a simple and effective target for disrupting the expression of galactose α-1,3-galactose epitopes, which mediate hyperacute rejection (HAR) in xenotransplantation. Miniature pigs are considered to have the greatest potential as xenotransplantation donors. A GGTA1-knockout (GTKO) miniature pig might mitigate or prevent HAR in xenotransplantation. METHODS Transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs) were designed to target exon 6 of porcine GGTA1 gene. The targeting activity was evaluated using a luciferase SSA recombination assay. Biallelic GTKO cell lines were established from single-cell colonies of fetal fibroblasts derived from Diannan miniature pigs following transfection by electroporation with TALEN plasmids. One cell line was selected as donor cell line for somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) for the generation of GTKO pigs. GTKO aborted fetuses, stillborn fetuses and live piglets were obtained. Genotyping of the collected cloned individuals was performed. The Gal expression in the fibroblasts and one piglet was analyzed by fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS), confocal microscopy, immunohistochemical (IHC) staining and western blotting. RESULTS The luciferase SSA recombination assay revealed that the targeting activities of the designed TALENs were 17.1-fold higher than those of the control. Three cell lines (3/126) showed GGTA1 biallelic knockout after modification by the TALENs. The GGTA1 biallelic modified C99# cell line enabled high-quality SCNT, as evidenced by the 22.3 % (458/2068) blastocyst developmental rate of the reconstructed embryos. The reconstructed GTKO embryos were subsequently transferred into 18 recipient gilts, of which 12 became pregnant, and six miscarried. Eight aborted fetuses were collected from the gilts that miscarried. One live fetus was obtained from one surrogate by caesarean after 33 d of gestation for genotyping. In total, 12 live and two stillborn piglets were collected from six surrogates by either caesarean or natural birth. Sequencing analyses of the target site confirmed the homozygous GGTA1-null mutation in all fetuses and piglets, consistent with the genotype of the donor cells. Furthermore, FACS, confocal microscopy, IHC and western blotting analyses demonstrated that Gal epitopes were completely absent from the fibroblasts, kidneys and pancreas of one GTKO piglet. CONCLUSIONS TALENs combined with SCNT were successfully used to generate GTKO Diannan miniature piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenmin Cheng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201 China
| | - Heng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201 China
| | - Honghao Yu
- Research Center of Life Science, Yulin University, Yulin, 719000 China
| | - Jige Xin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201 China
| | - Jia Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201 China
- Hunan Xeno Life Science Co., Ltd, Changsha, 410600 China
| | - Luyao Zeng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201 China
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201 China
| | - Zaimei Yuan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201 China
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201 China
| | - Yubo Qing
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201 China
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201 China
| | - Honghui Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201 China
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201 China
| | - Baoyu Jia
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201 China
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201 China
| | - Cejun Yang
- Institute for Cell Transplantation and Gene Therapy, The Third Xiangya Hospital Central-South University, Changsha, 410013 China
| | - Youfeng Shen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201 China
| | - Lu Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201 China
| | - Weirong Pan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201 China
| | - Hong-Ye Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201 China
| | - Wei Wang
- Hunan Xeno Life Science Co., Ltd, Changsha, 410600 China
- Institute for Cell Transplantation and Gene Therapy, The Third Xiangya Hospital Central-South University, Changsha, 410013 China
| | - Hong-Jiang Wei
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201 China
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201 China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201 China
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Gao H, Zhao C, Xiang X, Li Y, Zhao Y, Li Z, Pan D, Dai Y, Hara H, Cooper DKC, Cai Z, Mou L. Production of α1,3-galactosyltransferase and cytidine monophosphate-N-acetylneuraminic acid hydroxylase gene double-deficient pigs by CRISPR/Cas9 and handmade cloning. J Reprod Dev 2016; 63:17-26. [PMID: 27725344 PMCID: PMC5320426 DOI: 10.1262/jrd.2016-079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Gene-knockout pigs hold great promise as a solution to the shortage of organs from donor animals for xenotransplantation. Several groups have generated
gene-knockout pigs via clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated 9 (Cas9) and somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT).
Herein, we adopted a simple and micromanipulator-free method, handmade cloning (HMC) instead of SCNT, to generate double gene-knockout pigs. First, we applied
the CRISPR/Cas9 system to target α1,3-galactosyltransferase (GGTA1) and cytidine monophosphate-N-acetylneuraminic acid hydroxylase (CMAH) genes simultaneously
in porcine fetal fibroblast cells (PFFs), which were derived from wild-type Chinese domestic miniature Wuzhishan pigs. Cell colonies were obtained by screening
and were identified by Surveyor assay and sequencing. Next, we chose the GGTA1/CMAH double-knockout (DKO) cells for HMC to produce piglets. As
a result, we obtained 11 live bi-allelic GGTA1/CMAH DKO piglets with the identical phenotype. Compared to cells from
GGTA1-knockout pigs, human antibody binding and antibody-mediated complement-dependent cytotoxicity were significantly reduced in cells from
GGTA1/CMAH DKO pigs, which demonstrated that our pigs would exhibit reduced humoral rejection in xenotransplantation. These data suggested
that the combination of CRISPR/Cas9 and HMC technology provided an efficient and new strategy for producing pigs with multiple genetic modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanchao Gao
- Shenzhen Xenotransplantation Medical Engineering Research and Development Center, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518035, China
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Petersen B, Frenzel A, Lucas-Hahn A, Herrmann D, Hassel P, Klein S, Ziegler M, Hadeler KG, Niemann H. Efficient production of biallelic GGTA1 knockout pigs by cytoplasmic microinjection of CRISPR/Cas9 into zygotes. Xenotransplantation 2016; 23:338-46. [PMID: 27610605 DOI: 10.1111/xen.12258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Revised: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Xenotransplantation is considered to be a promising solution to the growing demand for suitable donor organs for transplantation. Despite tremendous progress in the generation of pigs with multiple genetic modifications thought to be necessary to overcoming the severe rejection responses after pig-to-non-human primate xenotransplantation, the production of knockout pigs by somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) is still an inefficient process. Producing genetically modified pigs by intracytoplasmic microinjection of porcine zygotes is an alluring alternative. The porcine GGTA1 gene encodes for the α1,3-galactosyltransferase that synthesizes the Gal epitopes on porcine cells which constitute the major antigen in a xenotransplantation setting. GGTA1-KO pigs have successfully been produced by transfecting somatic cells with zinc-finger nucleases (ZFNs), transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs), or CRISPR/Cas targeting GGTA1, followed by SCNT. METHODS Here, we microinjected a CRISPR/Cas9 vector coding for a single-guide RNA (sgRNA) targeting exon 8 of the GGTA1 gene into the cytoplasm of 97 in vivo-derived porcine zygotes and transferred 86 of the microinjected embryos into three hormonally synchronized recipients. Fetuses and piglets were analyzed by flow cytometry for remaining Gal epitopes. DNA was sequenced to detect mutations at the GGTA1 locus. RESULTS Two of the recipients remained pregnant as determined by ultrasound scanning on day 25 of gestation. One pregnancy was terminated on day 26, and six healthy fetuses were recovered. The second pregnancy was allowed to go to term and resulted in the birth of six healthy piglets. Flow cytometry analysis revealed the absence of Gal epitopes in four of six fetuses (66%), indicating a biallelic KO of GGTA1. Additionally, three of the six live-born piglets (50%) did not express Gal epitopes on their cell surface. Two fetuses and two piglets showed a mosaicism with a mixed population of Gal-free and Gal-expressing cells. Only a single piglet did not have any genomic modifications. Genomic sequencing revealed indel formation at the GGTA1 locus ranging from +17 bp to -20 bp. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate the efficacy of CRISPR/Cas to generate genetic modifications in pigs by simplified technology, such as intracytoplasmic microinjection into zygotes, which would significantly facilitate the production of genetically modified pigs suitable for xenotransplantation. Importantly, this simplified injection protocol avoids the penetration of the vulnerable pronuclear membrane, and is thus compatible with higher survival rates of microinjected embryos, which in turn facilitates production of genetically modified piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bjoern Petersen
- Institute of Farm Animal Genetics, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Mariensee, Neustadt, Germany.
| | - Antje Frenzel
- Institute of Farm Animal Genetics, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Mariensee, Neustadt, Germany
| | - Andrea Lucas-Hahn
- Institute of Farm Animal Genetics, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Mariensee, Neustadt, Germany
| | - Doris Herrmann
- Institute of Farm Animal Genetics, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Mariensee, Neustadt, Germany
| | - Petra Hassel
- Institute of Farm Animal Genetics, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Mariensee, Neustadt, Germany
| | - Sabine Klein
- Institute of Farm Animal Genetics, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Mariensee, Neustadt, Germany
| | - Maren Ziegler
- Institute of Farm Animal Genetics, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Mariensee, Neustadt, Germany
| | - Klaus-Gerd Hadeler
- Institute of Farm Animal Genetics, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Mariensee, Neustadt, Germany
| | - Heiner Niemann
- Institute of Farm Animal Genetics, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Mariensee, Neustadt, Germany.
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Choi YJ, Lee K, Park WJ, Kwon DN, Park C, Do JT, Song H, Cho SK, Park KW, Brown AN, Samuel MS, Murphy CN, Prather RS, Kim JH. Partial loss of interleukin 2 receptor gamma function in pigs provides mechanistic insights for the study of human immunodeficiency syndrome. Oncotarget 2016; 7:50914-50926. [PMID: 27463006 PMCID: PMC5239447 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we described the phenotype of monoallelic interleukin 2 receptor gamma knockout (mIL2RG+/Δ69-368 KO) pigs. Approximately 80% of mIL2RG+/Δ69-368 KO pigs (8/10) were athymic, whereas 20% (2/10) presented a rudimentary thymus. The body weight of IL2RG+/Δ69-368KO pigs developed normally. Immunological analysis showed that mIL2RG+/Δ69-368 KO pigs possessed CD25+CD44- or CD25-CD44+ cells, whereas single (CD4 or CD8) or double (CD4/8) positive cells were lacking in mIL2RG+/Δ69-368 KO pigs. CD3+ cells in the thymus of mIL2RG+/Δ69-368 KO pigs contained mainly CD44+ cells and/or CD25+ cells, which included FOXP3+ cells. These observations demonstrated that T cells from mIL2RG+/Δ69-368 KO pigs were able to develop to the DN3 stage, but failed to transition toward the DN4 stage. Whole-transcriptome analysis of thymus and spleen, and subsequent pathway analysis revealed that a subset of genes differentially expressed following the loss of IL2RG might be responsible for both impaired T-cell receptor and cytokine-mediated signalling. However, comparative analysis of two mIL2RG+/Δ69-368 KO pigs revealed little variability in the down- and up-regulated gene sets. In conclusion, mIL2RG+/Δ69-368 KO pigs presented a T-B+NK- SCID phenotype, suggesting that pigs can be used as a valuable and suitable biomedical model for human SCID research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Jung Choi
- Animal Biotechnology to Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Humanized Pig Research Center (SRC), Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kiho Lee
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
- Division of Animal Science, National Swine Resource and Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Woo-Jin Park
- Animal Biotechnology to Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Humanized Pig Research Center (SRC), Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Deug-Nam Kwon
- Animal Biotechnology to Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Humanized Pig Research Center (SRC), Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chankyu Park
- Animal Biotechnology to Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Humanized Pig Research Center (SRC), Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Tae Do
- Animal Biotechnology to Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Humanized Pig Research Center (SRC), Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyuk Song
- Animal Biotechnology to Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Humanized Pig Research Center (SRC), Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Keun Cho
- Department of Animal Science, Pusan National University, Miryang, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Wook Park
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, Jeonnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Alana N. Brown
- Division of Animal Science, National Swine Resource and Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- National Swine Resource and Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Melissa S. Samuel
- Division of Animal Science, National Swine Resource and Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- National Swine Resource and Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Clifton N. Murphy
- Division of Animal Science, National Swine Resource and Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- National Swine Resource and Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Randall S. Prather
- Division of Animal Science, National Swine Resource and Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- National Swine Resource and Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Jin-Hoi Kim
- Animal Biotechnology to Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Humanized Pig Research Center (SRC), Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Yu B, Lu R, Yuan Y, Zhang T, Song S, Qi Z, Shao B, Zhu M, Mi F, Cheng Y. Efficient TALEN-mediated myostatin gene editing in goats. BMC DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2016; 16:26. [PMID: 27461387 PMCID: PMC4962387 DOI: 10.1186/s12861-016-0126-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Background Myostatin (MSTN) encodes a negative regulator of skeletal muscle mass that might have applications for promoting muscle growth in livestock. In this study, we aimed to test whether targeted MSTN editing, mediated by transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs), is a viable approach to create myostatin-modified goats (Capra hircus). Results We obtained a pair of TALENs (MTAL-2) that could recognize and cut the targeted MSTN site in the goat genome. Fibroblasts from pedigreed goats were co-transfected with MTAL-2, and 272 monoclonal cell strains were confirmed to have mono- or bi-allelic mutations in MSTN. Ten cell strains with different genotypes were used as donor cells for somatic cell nuclear transfer, which produced three cloned kids (K179/MSTN−/−, K52-2/MSTN+/−, and K52-1/MSTN+/+). Conclusions The results suggested that the MTAL-2 could disrupt MSTN efficiently in the goat genome. The mutated somatic cells could be used to produce MSTN-site mutated goats without developmental disruption. Thus, TALENs is an effective method for accurate genome editing to produce site-modified goats. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12861-016-0126-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoli Yu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, No. 12 Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Lu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, No. 12 Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuguo Yuan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, No. 12 Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, No. 12 Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaozheng Song
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, No. 12 Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengqiang Qi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, No. 12 Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Shao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, No. 12 Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengmin Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, No. 12 Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Mi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, No. 12 Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Cheng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, No. 12 Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China.
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Yao J, Huang J, Zhao J. Genome editing revolutionize the creation of genetically modified pigs for modeling human diseases. Hum Genet 2016; 135:1093-105. [DOI: 10.1007/s00439-016-1710-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Zhou Y, Liu Y, Hussmann D, Brøgger P, Al-Saaidi RA, Tan S, Lin L, Petersen TS, Zhou GQ, Bross P, Aagaard L, Klein T, Rønn SG, Pedersen HD, Bolund L, Nielsen AL, Sørensen CB, Luo Y. Enhanced genome editing in mammalian cells with a modified dual-fluorescent surrogate system. Cell Mol Life Sci 2016; 73:2543-63. [PMID: 26755436 PMCID: PMC11108510 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-015-2128-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Revised: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 12/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Programmable DNA nucleases such as TALENs and CRISPR/Cas9 are emerging as powerful tools for genome editing. Dual-fluorescent surrogate systems have been demonstrated by several studies to recapitulate DNA nuclease activity and enrich for genetically edited cells. In this study, we created a single-strand annealing-directed, dual-fluorescent surrogate reporter system, referred to as C-Check. We opted for the Golden Gate Cloning strategy to simplify C-Check construction. To demonstrate the utility of the C-Check system, we used the C-Check in combination with TALENs or CRISPR/Cas9 in different scenarios of gene editing experiments. First, we disrupted the endogenous pIAPP gene (3.0 % efficiency) by C-Check-validated TALENs in primary porcine fibroblasts (PPFs). Next, we achieved gene-editing efficiencies of 9.0-20.3 and 4.9 % when performing single- and double-gene targeting (MAPT and SORL1), respectively, in PPFs using C-Check-validated CRISPR/Cas9 vectors. Third, fluorescent tagging of endogenous genes (MYH6 and COL2A1, up to 10.0 % frequency) was achieved in human fibroblasts with C-Check-validated CRISPR/Cas9 vectors. We further demonstrated that the C-Check system could be applied to enrich for IGF1R null HEK293T cells and CBX5 null MCF-7 cells with frequencies of nearly 100.0 and 86.9 %, respectively. Most importantly, we further showed that the C-Check system is compatible with multiplexing and for studying CRISPR/Cas9 sgRNA specificity. The C-Check system may serve as an alternative dual-fluorescent surrogate tool for measuring DNA nuclease activity and enrichment of gene-edited cells, and may thereby aid in streamlining programmable DNA nuclease-mediated genome editing and biological research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhou
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Wilhelm Meyers Alle 4, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Yong Liu
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Wilhelm Meyers Alle 4, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Dianna Hussmann
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Wilhelm Meyers Alle 4, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Peter Brøgger
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Wilhelm Meyers Alle 4, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Rasha Abdelkadhem Al-Saaidi
- Research Unit for Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University and University Hospital, 8200, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Shuang Tan
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Wilhelm Meyers Alle 4, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Anti-aging and Regenerative Medicine, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Lin Lin
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Wilhelm Meyers Alle 4, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Trine Skov Petersen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Wilhelm Meyers Alle 4, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Guang Qian Zhou
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Anti-aging and Regenerative Medicine, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Peter Bross
- Research Unit for Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University and University Hospital, 8200, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Lars Aagaard
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Wilhelm Meyers Alle 4, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Tino Klein
- Department of Histology, Gubra A/S, 2970, Hørsholm, Denmark
| | - Sif Groth Rønn
- Department of Incretin and Obesity Research, Novo Nordisk A/S, 2760, Måløv, Denmark
| | | | - Lars Bolund
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Wilhelm Meyers Alle 4, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China
- The Danish Regenerative Engineering Alliance for Medicine (DREAM), Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Anders Lade Nielsen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Wilhelm Meyers Alle 4, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Charlotte Brandt Sørensen
- Research Unit for Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University and University Hospital, 8200, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Yonglun Luo
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Wilhelm Meyers Alle 4, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark.
- Department of Incretin and Obesity Research, Novo Nordisk A/S, 2760, Måløv, Denmark.
- The Danish Regenerative Engineering Alliance for Medicine (DREAM), Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
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44
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Tan W, Proudfoot C, Lillico SG, Whitelaw CBA. Gene targeting, genome editing: from Dolly to editors. Transgenic Res 2016; 25:273-87. [PMID: 26847670 PMCID: PMC4882362 DOI: 10.1007/s11248-016-9932-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
One of the most powerful strategies to investigate biology we have as scientists, is the ability to transfer genetic material in a controlled and deliberate manner between organisms. When applied to livestock, applications worthy of commercial venture can be devised. Although initial methods used to generate transgenic livestock resulted in random transgene insertion, the development of SCNT technology enabled homologous recombination gene targeting strategies to be used in livestock. Much has been accomplished using this approach. However, now we have the ability to change a specific base in the genome without leaving any other DNA mark, with no need for a transgene. With the advent of the genome editors this is now possible and like other significant technological leaps, the result is an even greater diversity of possible applications. Indeed, in merely 5 years, these 'molecular scissors' have enabled the production of more than 300 differently edited pigs, cattle, sheep and goats. The advent of genome editors has brought genetic engineering of livestock to a position where industry, the public and politicians are all eager to see real use of genetically engineered livestock to address societal needs. Since the first transgenic livestock reported just over three decades ago the field of livestock biotechnology has come a long way-but the most exciting period is just starting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenfang Tan
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Campus, Midlothian, EH25 9RG UK
| | - Chris Proudfoot
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Campus, Midlothian, EH25 9RG UK
| | - Simon G. Lillico
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Campus, Midlothian, EH25 9RG UK
| | - C. Bruce A. Whitelaw
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Campus, Midlothian, EH25 9RG UK
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45
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Kang JT, Kwon DK, Park AR, Lee EJ, Yun YJ, Ji DY, Lee K, Park KW. Production of α1,3-galactosyltransferase targeted pigs using transcription activator-like effector nuclease-mediated genome editing technology. J Vet Sci 2016; 17:89-96. [PMID: 27051344 PMCID: PMC4808648 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.2016.17.1.89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Revised: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 07/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent developments in genome editing technology using meganucleases demonstrate an efficient method of producing gene edited pigs. In this study, we examined the effectiveness of the transcription activator-like effector nuclease (TALEN) system in generating specific mutations on the pig genome. Specific TALEN was designed to induce a double-strand break on exon 9 of the porcine α1,3-galactosyltransferase (GGTA1) gene as it is the main cause of hyperacute rejection after xenotransplantation. Human decay-accelerating factor (hDAF) gene, which can produce a complement inhibitor to protect cells from complement attack after xenotransplantation, was also integrated into the genome simultaneously. Plasmids coding for the TALEN pair and hDAF gene were transfected into porcine cells by electroporation to disrupt the porcine GGTA1 gene and express hDAF. The transfected cells were then sorted using a biotin-labeled IB4 lectin attached to magnetic beads to obtain GGTA1 deficient cells. As a result, we established GGTA1 knockout (KO) cell lines with biallelic modification (35.0%) and GGTA1 KO cell lines expressing hDAF (13.0%). When these cells were used for somatic cell nuclear transfer, we successfully obtained live GGTA1 KO pigs expressing hDAF. Our results demonstrate that TALEN-mediated genome editing is efficient and can be successfully used to generate gene edited pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Taek Kang
- MGENPLUS Biotechnology Research Institute, Seoul 08511, Korea
| | - Dae-Kee Kwon
- MGENPLUS Biotechnology Research Institute, Seoul 08511, Korea
| | - A-Rum Park
- MGENPLUS Biotechnology Research Institute, Seoul 08511, Korea
| | - Eun-Jin Lee
- MGENPLUS Biotechnology Research Institute, Seoul 08511, Korea
| | - Yun-Jin Yun
- MGENPLUS Biotechnology Research Institute, Seoul 08511, Korea
| | - Dal-Young Ji
- MGENPLUS Biotechnology Research Institute, Seoul 08511, Korea
| | - Kiho Lee
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Kwang-Wook Park
- MGENPLUS Biotechnology Research Institute, Seoul 08511, Korea.; Department of Animal Science & Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea
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46
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Kim SE, Kim JW, Kim YJ, Kwon DN, Kim JH, Kang MJ. Generation of Fibroblasts Lacking the Sal-like 1 Gene by Using Transcription Activator-like Effector Nuclease-mediated Homologous Recombination. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2016; 29:564-70. [PMID: 26949958 PMCID: PMC4782092 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.15.0244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Revised: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 08/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The Sal-like 1 gene (Sall1) is essential for kidney development, and mutations in this gene result in abnormalities in the kidneys. Mice lacking Sall1 show agenesis or severe dysgenesis of the kidneys. In a recent study, blastocyst complementation was used to develop mice and pigs with exogenic organs. In the present study, transcription activator-like effector nuclease (TALEN)-mediated homologous recombination was used to produce Sall1-knockout porcine fibroblasts for developing knockout pigs. The vector targeting the Sall1 locus included a 5.5-kb 5′ arm, 1.8-kb 3′ arm, and a neomycin resistance gene as a positive selection marker. The knockout vector and TALEN were introduced into porcine fibroblasts by electroporation. Antibiotic selection was performed over 11 days by using 300 μg/mL G418. DNA of cells from G418-resistant colonies was amplified using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to confirm the presence of fragments corresponding to the 3′ and 5′ arms of Sall1. Further, mono- and bi-allelic knockout cells were isolated and analyzed using PCR–restriction fragment length polymorphism. The results of our study indicated that TALEN-mediated homologous recombination induced bi-allelic knockout of the endogenous gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se Eun Kim
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea
| | - Ji Woo Kim
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea
| | - Yeong Ji Kim
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea
| | - Deug-Nam Kwon
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea
| | - Jin-Hoi Kim
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea
| | - Man-Jong Kang
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea
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47
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The production of multi-transgenic pigs: update and perspectives for xenotransplantation. Transgenic Res 2016; 25:361-74. [PMID: 26820415 DOI: 10.1007/s11248-016-9934-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The domestic pig shares many genetic, anatomical and physiological similarities to humans and is thus considered to be a suitable organ donor for xenotransplantation. However, prior to clinical application of porcine xenografts, three major hurdles have to be overcome: (1) various immunological rejection responses, (2) physiological incompatibilities between the porcine organ and the human recipient and (3) the risk of transmitting zoonotic pathogens from pig to humans. With the introduction of genetically engineered pigs expressing high levels of human complement regulatory proteins or lacking expression of α-Gal epitopes, the HAR can be consistently overcome. However, none of the transgenic porcine organs available to date was fully protected against the binding of anti-non-Gal xenoreactive natural antibodies. The present view is that long-term survival of xenografts after transplantation into primates requires additional modifications of the porcine genome and a specifically tailored immunosuppression regimen compliant with current clinical standards. This requires the production and characterization of multi-transgenic pigs to control HAR, AVR and DXR. The recent emergence of new sophisticated molecular tools such as Zinc-Finger nucleases, Transcription-activator like endonucleases, and the CRISPR/Cas9 system has significantly increased efficiency and precision of the production of genetically modified pigs for xenotransplantation. Several candidate genes, incl. hTM, hHO-1, hA20, CTLA4Ig, have been explored in their ability to improve long-term survival of porcine xenografts after transplantation into non-human primates. This review provides an update on the current status in the production of multi-transgenic pigs for xenotransplantation which could bring porcine xenografts closer to clinical application.
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48
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Cellular Engineering and Disease Modeling with Gene-Editing Nucleases. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-3509-3_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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49
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Whitelaw CBA, Sheets TP, Lillico SG, Telugu BP. Engineering large animal models of human disease. J Pathol 2015; 238:247-56. [PMID: 26414877 PMCID: PMC4737318 DOI: 10.1002/path.4648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Revised: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The recent development of gene editing tools and methodology for use in livestock enables the production of new animal disease models. These tools facilitate site‐specific mutation of the genome, allowing animals carrying known human disease mutations to be produced. In this review, we describe the various gene editing tools and how they can be used for a range of large animal models of diseases. This genomic technology is in its infancy but the expectation is that through the use of gene editing tools we will see a dramatic increase in animal model resources available for both the study of human disease and the translation of this knowledge into the clinic. Comparative pathology will be central to the productive use of these animal models and the successful translation of new therapeutic strategies. © 2015 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Bruce A Whitelaw
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Science, Easter Bush Campus, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Timothy P Sheets
- Animal Bioscience and Biotechnology Laboratory, ARS, Beltsville, MD, 20705, USA.,Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, Beltsville, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Simon G Lillico
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Science, Easter Bush Campus, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Bhanu P Telugu
- Animal Bioscience and Biotechnology Laboratory, ARS, Beltsville, MD, 20705, USA.,Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, Beltsville, MD, 20742, USA
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50
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Rao S, Fujimura T, Matsunari H, Sakuma T, Nakano K, Watanabe M, Asano Y, Kitagawa E, Yamamoto T, Nagashima H. Efficient modification of the myostatin gene in porcine somatic cells and generation of knockout piglets. Mol Reprod Dev 2015; 83:61-70. [PMID: 26488621 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.22591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Myostatin (MSTN) is a negative regulator of myogenesis, and disruption of its function causes increased muscle mass in various species. Here, we report the generation of MSTN-knockout (KO) pigs using genome editing technology combined with somatic-cell nuclear transfer (SCNT). Transcription activator-like effector nuclease (TALEN) with non-repeat-variable di-residue variations, called Platinum TALEN, was highly efficient in modifying genes in porcine somatic cells, which were then used for SCNT to create MSTN KO piglets. These piglets exhibited a double-muscled phenotype, possessing a higher body weight and longissimus muscle mass measuring 170% that of wild-type piglets, with double the number of muscle fibers. These results demonstrate that loss of MSTN increases muscle mass in pigs, which may help increase pork production for consumption in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengbin Rao
- Research and Development Center, NH Foods Ltd., Tsukuba, Japan
| | | | - Hitomi Matsunari
- Department of Life Sciences, Laboratory of Development Engineering, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Tetsushi Sakuma
- Department of Mathematical and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Nakano
- Department of Life Sciences, Laboratory of Development Engineering, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Masahito Watanabe
- Department of Life Sciences, Laboratory of Development Engineering, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Asano
- Department of Life Sciences, Laboratory of Development Engineering, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Eri Kitagawa
- Research and Development Center, NH Foods Ltd., Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Takashi Yamamoto
- Department of Mathematical and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nagashima
- Department of Life Sciences, Laboratory of Development Engineering, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Japan
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