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Zhang YF, Zang LS, Guo LH, Sukhwinder S, Wu SY, Yang X, Tang LD. Neoseiulus mites as biological control agents against Megalurothrips usitatus (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) and Frankliniella intonsa (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) on cowpea crop: laboratory to field. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2024:toae118. [PMID: 38780155 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toae118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Megalurothrips usitatus (Bagnall) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) and Frankliniella intonsa (Trybom) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) have been detrimental to cowpea production in many countries. Laboratory experiments were conducted to determine the prey stage preference and functional response of 2 predatory mites species, Neoseiulus barkeri (Hughes) (Acari: Phytoseiidae), and Neoseiulus californicus (McGregor) (Acari: Phytoseiidae), towards 2 thrips species (TS), M. usitatus, and F. intonsa, at varying densities and life stages on cowpea. Results shown that Neoseiulus species had a preference for different life stages of prey. Neoseiulus barkeri consumed more M. usitatus nymphs, while N. californicus consumed more F. intonsa (second-instar nymphs). The functional response of the 2 Neoseiulus spp. to nymphs of 2 TS was Type II on cowpea. The higher attack rate coefficient (a') and shorter handling time (Th) values were found on N. barkeri against M. usitatus, and a similar trend was found for those in N. californicus against F. intonsa. Field-caged trials were conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of Neoseiulus spp. in controlling 2 TS. The results have shown that Neoseiulus spp. was effective in controlling the 2 TS, with varying control efficacies at high or low release rates. The study provided valuable information on using Neoseiulus spp. as biological control agents against M. usitatus and F. intonsa in cowpea crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Fei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, PR China
| | - Lian-Sheng Zang
- State Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, PR China
| | - Ling-Hang Guo
- School of Plant Protection, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, PR China
| | - Singh Sukhwinder
- Subtropical Horticulture Research Station, USDA-ARS, Miami, FL 33158, USA
| | - Sheng-Yong Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Xiangbing Yang
- Subtropical Horticulture Research Station, USDA-ARS, Miami, FL 33158, USA
| | - Liang-De Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, PR China
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Sullivan CF, Davari A, Kim JS, Parker BL, Skinner M. Evaluation of a guardian plant system to suppress Frankliniella occidentalis (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) in greenhouse ornamentals. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2023; 79:3559-3569. [PMID: 37194223 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Western flower thrips (WFT), Franklinella occidentalis (Pergande), is an economically damaging pest of greenhouse ornamentals. A 'guardian plant system' (GPS) that targeted WFT was evaluated under controlled and commercial greenhouse conditions. This system used mycotized millet grains with the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo-Crivelli) Vuillemin applied to soil of potted marigolds, Tagetes patula (L.), combined with the foliar-dwelling predatory mite Neoseiulus (=Amblyseius) cucumeris (Oudemans) in slow-release sachets under controlled greenhouse conditions, and with the addition of a pheromone lure under commercial settings. RESULTS Significantly fewer WFT and less foliar damage on GPS was observed over the 10 and 12 weeks experimental periods compared to the untreated controls. Predatory mites were maintained up to 10 weeks with one release under controlled greenhouse conditions and 12 weeks with two releases in commercial greenhouses. In commercial greenhouses, greater numbers of WFT were found on marigolds than on crop plants within 1 m of the system. Fungal granules persisted for 12 weeks up to 2.5 × 105 CFU g-1 in the GPS soil. CONCLUSION The use of biological control agents to suppress WFT within a GPS could be a useful IPM strategy for greenhouse production. The marigold GPS attracted WFT which were suppressed primarily through predation by foliar-dwelling predatory mites and to a lesser extent, infection from conidia produced by the granular fungal formulation in the soil. Further investigations into system deployment and fungal granular application rates and new fungal formulations are suggested to improve system efficacy. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Agrin Davari
- Entomology Research Laboratory, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Jae Su Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
- Department of Agricultural Convergence Technology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Bruce L Parker
- Entomology Research Laboratory, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Margaret Skinner
- Entomology Research Laboratory, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
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de Sousa Neto EP, Mendes JDA, Filgueiras RMC, de Lima DB, Guedes RNC, Melo JWS. Acaricide exposure impairs predatory behavior of the phytoseiid mite Neoseiulus idaeus (Acari: Phytoseiidae). JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2023; 116:1225-1232. [PMID: 37402615 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toad127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
Predation is an important interaction that can change the structure of arthropod communities across both temporal and spatial scales. In agricultural systems predation can reduce the population levels of several arthropod pest species of a community. This predator-prey interaction involves the predator searching and handling behaviors. Several factors can affect this interaction, such as pesticide exposure, which is a frequent feature in agroecosystems. Thus, the hypothesis of our study is that the predatory behavior of the phytoseiid mite Neoseiulus idaeus Denmark & Muma, an important natural enemy of spider mites, is affected by acaricide exposure. To test that hypothesis, the predatory mite was exposed to the acaricides abamectin, fenpyroximate, and azadirachtin in 4 exposure scenarios. The predatory behavior of N. idaeus was negatively affected by acaricide exposure when the leaf surface containing both prey and predator was sprayed leading to a reduction in the frequency of transitions between predator walking and meeting preys. Prey handling and consumption were also compromised by acaricide exposure through contaminated leaf surface and prey, and contaminated leaf surface, prey, and predator. Abamectin compromised predation regardless of the exposure scenario. Acaricide-exposure reduced the number of prey found, number of attacks, and number prey killed by N. idaeus. Moreover, partial prey consumption was observed with acaricide-exposed mites. Thus, caution is necessary while attempting to integrate acaricide applications and mass release of N. idaeus for spider mite management.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Debora B de Lima
- Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Dois Irmãos, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Raul Narciso C Guedes
- Departamento de Entomologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - José W S Melo
- Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Dois Irmãos, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
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Wakil W, Gulzar S, Wu S, Rasool KG, Husain M, Aldawood AS, Toews MD. Development of Insecticide Resistance in Field Populations of Onion Thrips, Thrips tabaci (Thysanoptera: Thripidae). INSECTS 2023; 14:376. [PMID: 37103191 PMCID: PMC10142291 DOI: 10.3390/insects14040376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The present study evaluated insecticide resistance in field populations of onion thrips, Thrips tabaci Lindeman (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), collected from eight different onion-growing regions of Punjab, Pakistan. These field-collected populations were assessed for resistance development against eight commonly used active ingredients including deltamethrin, lambda-cyhalothrin, imidacloprid, acetamiprid, spinosad, spinetoram, cypermethrin, and abamectin. In leaf dip bioassays, T. tabaci adults showed varied levels of resistance towards different insecticides. Moderate or high levels of resistance to deltamethrin (58-86 fold), lambda-cyhalothrin (20-63 fold), and cypermethrin (22-54 fold) were observed in T. tabaci field populations. There were very low to moderate resistance levels to imidacloprid (10-38 fold), acetamiprid (5-29 fold), and abamectin (10-30 fold). The lowest levels of resistance were detected in thrips exposed to spinosad (3-13 fold) and spinetoram (3-8 fold). Insecticide resistance levels varied among populations collected from various geographic locations, but all populations exhibited elevated levels of resistance to deltamethrin. Thrips tabaci populations with higher resistance levels were most commonly found from the southern part of Punjab, Pakistan. Our findings revealed that spinosyns could be used as alternatives to conventional insecticides for the successful management of T. tabaci in onion fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waqas Wakil
- Department of Entomology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
- Senckenberg German Entomological Institute, D-15374 Müncheberg, Germany
| | - Sehrish Gulzar
- Department of Entomology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
| | - Shaohui Wu
- Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, Tifton, GA 31793, USA
| | - Khawaja G. Rasool
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mureed Husain
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman S. Aldawood
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Michael D. Toews
- Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, Tifton, GA 31793, USA
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Ahmed S, Roy MC, Choi D, Kim Y. HMG-Like DSP1 Mediates Immune Responses of the Western Flower Thrips ( Frankliniella occidentalis) Against Beauveria bassiana, a Fungal Pathogen. Front Immunol 2022; 13:875239. [PMID: 35450074 PMCID: PMC9016178 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.875239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Western flower thrips, Frankliella occidentalis, is a serious pest by directly infesting host crops. It can also give indirect damage to host crops by transmitting a plant virus called tomato spotted wilt virus. A fungal pathogen, Beauveria bassiana, can infect thrips. It has been used as a biopesticide. However, little is known on the defense of thrips against this fungal pathogen. This study assessed the defense of thrips against the fungal infection with respect to immunity by analyzing immune-associated genes of F. occidentalis in both larvae and adults. Immunity-associated genes of western flower thrips were selected from three immunity steps: nonself recognition, mediation, and immune responses. For the pathogen recognition step, dorsal switch protein 1 (DSP1) was chosen. For the immune mediation step, phospholipase A2 (PLA2) and prostaglandin E2 synthase were also selected. For the step of immune responses, two phenoloxidases (PO) genes and four proPO-activating peptidase genes involved in melanization against pathogens were chosen. Dual oxidase gene involved in the production of reactive oxygen species and four antimicrobial peptide genes for executing humoral immune responses were selected. All immunity-associated genes were inducible to the fungal infection. Their expression levels were induced higher in adults than in larvae by the fungal infections. However, inhibitor treatments specific to DSP1 or PLA2 significantly suppressed the inducible expression of these immune-associated genes, leading to significant enhancement of fungal pathogenicity. These results suggest that immunity is essential for thrips to defend against B. bassiana, in which DSP1 and eicosanoids play a crucial role in eliciting immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shabbir Ahmed
- Department of Plant Medicals, College of Life Sciences, Andong National University, Andong, South Korea
| | - Miltan Chandra Roy
- Department of Plant Medicals, College of Life Sciences, Andong National University, Andong, South Korea
| | - Duyeol Choi
- Department of Plant Medicals, College of Life Sciences, Andong National University, Andong, South Korea
| | - Yonggyun Kim
- Department of Plant Medicals, College of Life Sciences, Andong National University, Andong, South Korea
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Sayed Ali S, El-Saadany H, Kotb GA, Elshaer N, Melebary SJ, Soliman SM, A. Gh. Farag A. Biosafety evaluation of two Beauveria bassiana products on female albino rats using acute oral test. Saudi J Biol Sci 2022; 29:103293. [PMID: 35592743 PMCID: PMC9112006 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2022.103293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Application of bio-pesticides in agriculture has been developed as alternative agents to conventional pesticides due to residues accumulating which causing detrimental effects to human and environment. The aim of this investigation is to evaluate biosafety of a bio-insecticide Beauveria bassiana using two products in female rats by single oral dose through hepato- and renal toxicity, hematotoxicity and lipid profile. The two products from B. bassiana (AUMC 9896) were metabolic crude (MC), and wettable powder formulation (WP) of the local isolate. Results showed a significant increase in values of erythrocytes (RBCs), leucocytes (WBCs), platelet count (Plt) and the absolute differential WBC counts. Liver enzymes (AST, ALT, and ALP) and globulin (Glb) content were reduced in the exposed female rats with both types of B. bassiana in comparison to controls. While ratio of AST/ALT and A/G, total protein level (TP) and albumin (Alb) were raised in Beauveria bassiana -treated rats (Bb - treated rats). Urea and creatinine concentrations decreased or increased significantly in treated rats. Moreover, there was a decline in the serum of lipid profiles in WP - treated rats, but LDL levels increased in all treated animal. Additionally, no mortality or toxicity in all treated. All animals treated showed non-significant modifications in body weight gain and a slight change in relative liver weights when compared to controls. These results suggest that both treatments effect markedly on function and somatic index of the liver and slight effects on CBC and lipid profile aspects of treated female rats.
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Kheradmand K, Heidari M, Sedaratian-Jahromi A, Talaei-Hassanloui R, Havasi M. Biological responses of Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae) to sub-lethal concentrations of the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana. BULLETIN OF ENTOMOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2022; 112:70-77. [PMID: 34429185 DOI: 10.1017/s0007485321000523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae) is one of the most important pests of agricultural crops with worldwide distribution causing considerable damage to different products. Application of chemical acaricides is one of the most important strategies used for the control of this pest. Entomopathogenic fungi, however, have been proposed as alternative control agents. In this study, sub-lethal effects (LC10 = 6.76 × 102, LC20 = 8.74 × 103, and LC30 = 55.38 × 103 conidia ml-1) of Beauveria bassiana strain TV on the life table parameters of T. urticae were evaluated under laboratory conditions. The results demonstrated that by increasing the concentration, a significant decline was observed in adult longevity of both male and female individuals. Total fecundity of T. urticae was calculated as 45.16, 36.28, 23.98, and 18.21 eggs in control, LC10, LC20, and LC30 treatments, respectively. Sub-lethal concentrations drastically affected the population parameters of this mite pest. The intrinsic rate of increase (r) ranged from 0.1983 to 0.1688 day-1 for the mites treated with distilled water and LC20 treatments, respectively. The net reproductive rate (R0) was affected by the sub-lethal concentrations (lower value at LC30 concentration: 11.19 offspring/individual). Considering the detrimental effects of B. bassiana on some biological parameters of T. urticae, it can be concluded that this product can be used to develop targeted interventions aimed at integrated pest management of this pest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katayoon Kheradmand
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, College of Aburaihan, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Heidari
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, College of Aburaihan, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Reza Talaei-Hassanloui
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Havasi
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
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Grabka R, d’Entremont TW, Adams SJ, Walker AK, Tanney JB, Abbasi PA, Ali S. Fungal Endophytes and Their Role in Agricultural Plant Protection against Pests and Pathogens. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11030384. [PMID: 35161365 PMCID: PMC8840373 DOI: 10.3390/plants11030384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Virtually all examined plant species harbour fungal endophytes which asymptomatically infect or colonize living plant tissues, including leaves, branches, stems and roots. Endophyte-host interactions are complex and span the mutualist-pathogen continuum. Notably, mutualist endophytes can confer increased fitness to their host plants compared with uncolonized plants, which has attracted interest in their potential application in integrated plant health management strategies. In this review, we report on the many benefits that fungal endophytes provide to agricultural plants against common non-insect pests such as fungi, bacteria, nematodes, viruses, and mites. We report endophytic modes of action against the aforementioned pests and describe why this broad group of fungi is vitally important to current and future agricultural practices. We also list an extensive number of plant-friendly endophytes and detail where they are most commonly found or applied in different studies. This review acts as a general resource for understanding endophytes as they relate to potential large-scale agricultural applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Grabka
- Kentville Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Kentville, NS B4N 1J5, Canada; (R.G.); (P.A.A.)
- Department of Biology, Acadia University, Wolfville, NS B4P 2R6, Canada; (T.W.d.); (S.J.A.); (A.K.W.)
| | - Tyler W. d’Entremont
- Department of Biology, Acadia University, Wolfville, NS B4P 2R6, Canada; (T.W.d.); (S.J.A.); (A.K.W.)
| | - Sarah J. Adams
- Department of Biology, Acadia University, Wolfville, NS B4P 2R6, Canada; (T.W.d.); (S.J.A.); (A.K.W.)
| | - Allison K. Walker
- Department of Biology, Acadia University, Wolfville, NS B4P 2R6, Canada; (T.W.d.); (S.J.A.); (A.K.W.)
| | - Joey B. Tanney
- Pacific Forestry Centre, Canadian Forest Service, Natural Resources Canada, 506 Burnside Road West, Victoria, BC V8Z 1M5, Canada;
| | - Pervaiz A. Abbasi
- Kentville Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Kentville, NS B4N 1J5, Canada; (R.G.); (P.A.A.)
| | - Shawkat Ali
- Kentville Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Kentville, NS B4N 1J5, Canada; (R.G.); (P.A.A.)
- Correspondence:
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Kasambala Donga T, Meadow R, Meyling NV, Klingen I. Natural Occurrence of Entomopathogenic Fungi as Endophytes of Sugarcane ( Saccharum officinarum) and in Soil of Sugarcane Fields. INSECTS 2021; 12:insects12020160. [PMID: 33668670 PMCID: PMC7917985 DOI: 10.3390/insects12020160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Sugarcane, an important cash crop in Malawi, is susceptible to numerous insect pests, and many farmers rely heavily on chemical insecticides for their control. Biopesticides containing insect pathogens are used in several countries outside Malawi; however, the occurrence and use of insect pathogens is limited in Malawi. In this study, we evaluated the natural occurrence of insect pathogenic fungi in sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) and in soil samples from sugarcane fields in Chikwawa District, southern Malawi. Insect pathogenic fungi from soil were isolated by baiting using larvae of the greater wax moth (Galleria mellonella). Insect pathogenic fungi were also isolated from surface-sterilized sugarcane leaves, stems, and roots. We found three types of insect pathogenic fungi: Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium spp., and Isaria spp. Beauveria bassiana and Isaria spp. were found mostly from sugarcane leaves and stems, while Metarhizium spp. was mainly found in soils. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of B. bassiana and Isaria spp. occurring naturally as endophytes in sugarcane. Further, it is the first report of B. bassiana, Isaria spp. and Metarhizium spp. in the soil of sugarcane fields in Africa. Abstract The natural occurrence of entomopathogenic fungal endophytes in sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) and in soil samples from sugarcane fields was evaluated in Chikwawa District, southern Malawi. Fungi from soil were isolated by baiting using Galleria mellonella larva. Fungal endophytes were isolated from surface-sterilized plant tissue sections. Forty-seven isolates resembled the genus Beauveria, 9 isolates were Metarhizium, and 20 isolates were Isaria. There was no significant difference in the number and type of fungal isolates collected from soil and from plant tissue. There was, however, a significant difference in the part of the plant where fungal species were isolated, which fungal species were isolated, and the number of fungal species isolated at each location. Phylogenetic analysis of 47 Beauveria isolates based on DNA sequencing of the Bloc intergenic region indicated that these isolates all belonged to B. bassiana and aligned with sequences of B. bassiana isolates of African and Neotropical origin. The Malawian B. bassiana isolates formed a distinct clade. No larvae died from infestation by multiple fungi. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of B. bassiana and Isaria spp. occurring naturally as endophytes in sugarcane. Further, it is the first report of B. bassiana, Isaria spp., and Metarhizium spp. in the soil of sugarcane fields in Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trust Kasambala Donga
- Bunda College Campus, Crop and Soil Sciences Department, Lilongwe University of Agriculture and Natural Resources (LUANAR), P.O. Box 219 Lilongwe, Malawi
- Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biosciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), P.O. Box 5003, 1432 Ås, Norway;
- Correspondence:
| | - Richard Meadow
- Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biosciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), P.O. Box 5003, 1432 Ås, Norway;
| | - Nicolai V. Meyling
- Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), Biotechnology and Plant Health Division, Høg-skoleveien 7, 1430 Ås, Norway; (N.V.M.); (I.K.)
| | - Ingeborg Klingen
- Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), Biotechnology and Plant Health Division, Høg-skoleveien 7, 1430 Ås, Norway; (N.V.M.); (I.K.)
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Wari D, Okada R, Takagi M, Yaguchi M, Kashima T, Ogawara T. Augmentation and compatibility of Beauveria bassiana with pesticides against different growth stages of Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius); an in vitro and field approach. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2020; 76:3236-3252. [PMID: 32356395 DOI: 10.1002/ps.5881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bemisia tabaci is a notorious agricultural pest that causes serious damage to many crops via herbivory and spread of viral diseases. Effective control measures are, therefore, required. Integrating entomopathogenic fungi into the chemical control system offers promise for B. tabaci management. RESULTS In-vitro assays on the augmentative effect of Beauveria bassiana GHA strain with insecticides, and its compatibility with fungicides were tested. Varying egg mortality was observed for most insecticides except for milbemectin. Pyrifluquinazon was less effective against the nymphs. Flonicamid showed no insecticidal effect on either nymphs or adults. However, increased mortality in nymphs and adults was observed when flonicamid was mixed with Beauveria bassiana GHA strain. Furthermore, no significant synergistic effect of mixing pesticides with B. bassiana GHA strain was observed. Most insecticides (when not mixed with B. bassiana) showed high (>80%) mortality against B. tabaci nymphs and adults. Most fungicides tested showed no inhibitory effects on B. bassiana GHA strain against B. tabaci nymphs and adults. Fungistatic effect was observed in the mycelial and spore germination inhibition studies. Weekly rotation of some pesticides with B. bassiana GHA strain in greenhouse conditions yielded significant reduction in different growth stages of B. tabaci. However, no significant difference in viral incidence was observed. CONCLUSION Laboratory and field tests showed positive effects of augmenting pesticides and B. bassiana GHA strain against B. tabaci nymphs and adults. Therefore, augmentation of pesticides and B. bassiana GHA strain is one prospect towards developing an effective B. tabaci IPM system. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Wari
- Horticultural Research Institute, Ibaraki Agricultural Center, Kasama, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Ryo Okada
- Horticultural Research Institute, Ibaraki Agricultural Center, Kasama, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Motonori Takagi
- Horticultural Research Institute, Ibaraki Agricultural Center, Kasama, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Masato Yaguchi
- Ibaraki Prefectural Extension Centre, Chikusei Branch, Chikusei, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Kashima
- Ibaraki Plant Protection Office, Ibaraki Agricultural Center, Kasama, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Takashi Ogawara
- Horticultural Research Institute, Ibaraki Agricultural Center, Kasama, Ibaraki, Japan
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Sumner-Kalkun JC, Baxter I, Perotti MA. Microscopic analysis of the microbiota of three commercial Phytoseiidae species (Acari: Mesostigmata). EXPERIMENTAL & APPLIED ACAROLOGY 2020; 81:389-408. [PMID: 32638184 PMCID: PMC7359143 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-020-00520-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Microbes associated with the external and internal anatomy of three commercially available predatory mite species-Phytoseiulus persimilis, Typhlodromips (= Amblyseius) swirskii, and Neoseiulus (= Amblyseius) cucumeris-were examined using light microscopy, confocal laser scanning microscopy and fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH). Four microbe morphotypes were observed on external body regions. These included three microfungi-like organisms (named T1, T2 and T3) and rod-shaped bacteria (T4). Morphotypes showed unique distributions on the external body regions and certain microbes were found only on one host species. Microfungi-like T1 were present in all three species whereas T2 and T3 were present in only P. persimilis and T. swirskii, respectively. T1 and T2 microbes were most abundant on the ventral structures of the idiosoma and legs, most frequently associated with coxae, coxal folds, ventrianal shields and epigynal shields. T3 microbes were most abundant on legs and dorsal idiosoma. T4 microbes were less abundant and were attached to epigynal shields of N. cucumeris and T. swirskii. Significant differences in distribution between batches suggest temporal fluctuations in the microbiota of phytoseiids in mass-reared systems. FISH showed bacteria within the alimentary tract, in Malpighian tubules and anal atria. These may aid absorption of excretory products or maintaining gut physiology. We suggest a mechanism by which microbes may be transmitted to offspring and throughout populations. This study aims to improve our knowledge of this poorly understood area and highlights the necessity of understanding the microbiota of Acari.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ian Baxter
- Certis Europe BV, Stadsplateau 16, 3521 AZ, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - M Alejandra Perotti
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Section, School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6AS, UK.
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Phytoseiid predatory mites can disperse entomopathogenic fungi to prey patches. Sci Rep 2019; 9:19435. [PMID: 31857623 PMCID: PMC6923365 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-55499-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that predatory mites used as biocontrol agents can be loaded with entomopathogenic fungal conidia to increase infection rates in pest populations. Under laboratory conditions, we determined the capacity of two phytoseiid mites, Amblyseius swirskii and Neoseiulus cucumeris to deliver the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana to their prey, Frankliniella occidentalis. Predatory mites were loaded with conidia and released on plants that had been previously infested with first instar prey clustered on a bean leaf. We examined each plant section to characterize the spatial distribution of each interacting organism. Our results showed that A. swirskii delivered high numbers of conidia to thrips infested leaves, thereby increasing the proportion of thrips that came into contact with the fungus. The effect was larger when thrips infestation occurred on young leaves than on old leaves. Neoseiulus cucumeris delivered less conidia to the thrips infested leaves. These patterns result from differences in foraging activity between predatory mite species. Amblyseius swirskii stayed longer on plants, especially within thrips colonies, and had a stronger suppressing effect on thrips than N. cucumeris. Our study suggests that loading certain predatory mite species with fungal conidia can increase their capacity to suppress thrips populations by combining predation and dispersing pathogens.
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Liu JF, Zhang ZQ, Beggs JR, Zou X. Provisioning predatory mites with entomopathogenic fungi or pollen improves biological control of a greenhouse psyllid pest. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2019; 75:3200-3209. [PMID: 30957393 DOI: 10.1002/ps.5438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tomato/potato psyllid (TPP), Bactericera cockerelli (Šulc), is a recently established invasive pest of solanaceous crops in New Zealand. No alternative control strategies are available against TPP due to the development of insecticidal resistance. We investigated the combined use of the predatory mites Amblydromalus limonicus or Neoseiulus cucumeris with either the fungus Beauveria bassiana (suspensions and dry conidia) or with Typha orientalis pollen as a control of TPP in greenhouse bell pepper over 7 weeks. RESULTS All treatments significantly reduced TPP densities compared with the control. A. limonicus resulted in significantly lower TPP densities than any other combination with N. cucumeris. B. bassiana suspensions did not affect A. limonicus densities when they were combined. However, the application of dry B. bassiana conidia significantly reduced the densities of A. limonicus. The use of T. orientalis pollen resulted in significantly higher densities of A. limonicus but densities of N. cucumeris did not increase. The combined use of A. limonicus with B. bassiana suspensions or T. orientalis pollen resulted in significantly decreased TPP populations and greater crop yield. CONCLUSION The synergistic application of A. limonicus with B. bassiana suspensions could be a suitable strategy to control TPP in the greenhouse. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Feng Liu
- Centre for Biodiversity and Biosecurity, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Zhi-Qiang Zhang
- Centre for Biodiversity and Biosecurity, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Manaaki Whenua - Landcare Research, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jacqueline R Beggs
- Centre for Biodiversity and Biosecurity, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Xiao Zou
- Institute of Fungal Resources, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
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14
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Zhang B, Qian W, Qiao X, Xi Y, Wan F. Invasion biology, ecology, and management of Frankliniella occidentalis in China. ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 102:e21613. [PMID: 31549439 DOI: 10.1002/arch.21613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Frankliniella occidentalis is an economically important invasive pest worldwide, which can damage various horticultural crops and ornamental plants. F. occidentalis was first intercepted in Kunming, Yunnan province in 2000, and first reported to establish a population in Beijing, China in 2003. Since then, this pest is currently distributed across tens of provinces in mainland China and cause increasingly serious damage and loss. To control this pest, invasion biology, monitoring, and integrated pest management have been generally and intensively studied for 15 years in China. Furthermore, western flower thrips (WFT) as an important invasive insect pest, the research achievements on WFT has contributed to the promotion of technological innovation and development for invasive alien species management strategies and techniques in China. This review provides an overview for research on the biology, ecology, prevention, and management of this pest during 15 years in China. Meanwhile, China's "4E action" strategy on F. occidentalis is also discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zhang
- Key Lab of Integrated Crop Pest Management of Shandong, College of Plant Health and Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
- China-Australia Joint Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Health, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Wanqiang Qian
- Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xi Qiao
- Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Xi
- Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Fanghao Wan
- Key Lab of Integrated Crop Pest Management of Shandong, College of Plant Health and Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
- China-Australia Joint Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Health, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
- Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
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Li Y, Cloyd RA, Bello NM. Effect of Integrating the Entomopathogenic Fungus (Hypocreales: Cordycipitaceae) and the Rove Beetle (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) in Suppressing Western Flower Thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) Populations Under Greenhouse Conditions. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2019; 112:2085-2093. [PMID: 31115452 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toz132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande), is a destructive insect pest in greenhouse production systems. Therefore, integrating the entomopathogenic fungus, Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin, with the soil-dwelling rove beetle, Dalotia coriaria (Kraatz), targeting different aboveground and belowground life stages may help effectively manage western flower thrips populations. Two greenhouse experiments were conducted evaluating five treatments: 1) insecticides (spinosad, pyridalyl, chlorfenapyr, and abamectin), 2) B. bassiana, 3) D. coriaria, 4) B. bassiana and D. coriaria combination, and 5) water control. The estimated mean number of western flower thrips adults captured on yellow sticky cards was significantly lower for the insecticide treatment (mean range: 0-46 western flower thrips adults per yellow sticky card) than the B. bassiana and D. coriaria combination (0.3-105.1 western flower thrips per yellow card) over 8 wk. There were no significant differences in the final foliar damage ratings of chrysanthemum, Dendranthema × grandiflorum (Ramat.) Kitam., plants among the five treatments in experiment 1, but there were significant differences in experiment 2. In experiment 2, chrysanthemum plants across all treatments were not marketable due to western flower thrips feeding damage. Therefore, using B. bassiana and D. coriaria early in production should suppress population growth by targeting both foliar-feeding and soil-dwelling life stages of western flower thrips simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinping Li
- Department of Entomology, Kansas State University, Waters Hall, Manhattan, KS
| | - Raymond A Cloyd
- Department of Entomology, Kansas State University, Waters Hall, Manhattan, KS
| | - Nora M Bello
- Department of Statistics, Kansas State University, Waters Hall, Manhattan, KS
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Laboratory and Greenhouse Evaluation of a Granular Formulation of Beauveria bassiana for Control of Western Flower Thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis. INSECTS 2019; 10:insects10020058. [PMID: 30791617 PMCID: PMC6410292 DOI: 10.3390/insects10020058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 02/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Western flower thrips (WFT) is one of the most important pests of horticultural crops worldwide because it can damage many different crops and transmit various plant viruses. Given these significant impacts on plant production, novel methodologies are required to maximize regulation of WFT to minimize crop losses. One particular approach is to develop control strategies for the non-feeding, soil-dwelling stages of WFT. Control of these stages could be enhanced through the use of granules impregnated with entomopathogenic fungi mixed in the soil. The use of soil-applied fungi contrasts with existing approaches in which entomopathogenic fungi are formulated as oil-based suspensions or water-based wettable powders for foliar applications against the feeding stages of WFT. To examine the efficacy of this approach, we evaluated the effects of a granular formulation of Beauveria bassiana on the soil-dwelling, pupal phases of Frankliniella occidentalis in laboratory bioassays and greenhouse experiments. Based on micromorphological observations of fungal conidia during the infection process after treatment of WFT with a B. bassiana suspension, fungal conidia complete the process of surface attachment, germination, and penetration of the body wall of the WFT pupa and enter the host within 60 h of treatment. Given these results, we undertook a controlled greenhouse experiment and applied B. bassiana granules to soil used to cultivate eggplants. Populations of F. occidentalis on eggplants grown in treated soil were 70% lower than those on plants grown in the untreated soil after 8 weeks. Furthermore, when measuring the survival and growth of B. bassiana on granules under different soil moisture conditions, survival was greatest when the soil moisture content was kept at 20%. These results indicate that the application of B. bassiana-impregnated granules could prove to be an effective biological control strategy for use against F. occidentalis under greenhouse conditions.
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Establishment of the fungal entomopathogen Beauveria bassiana as an endophyte in sugarcane, Saccharum officinarum. FUNGAL ECOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.funeco.2018.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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18
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Wu S, Tang L, Zhang X, Xing Z, Lei Z, Gao Y. A decade of a thrips invasion in China: lessons learned. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2018; 27:1032-1038. [PMID: 29027089 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-017-1864-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/23/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The Western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis Pergande (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) is an invasive polyphagous pest with an expanding global range that damages a wide variety of crops. F. occidentalis was first reported in China from Yunnan province during 2000, and has rapidly expanded its range since then. It is currently distributed across at least 10 provinces in China and has become a particularly devastating pest, causing substantial damage and economic losses. At present, the still heavy reliance on frequent use of insecticides for control of F. occidentalis, has lead to a series of ecological problems stemming from insecticide resistance, interspecific displacement and non-target effects. Thus, integrated pest management (IPM) programmes, multiple complementary tactics, including preventive tactics, biological controls, and judicious use of insecticides will likely provide a viable IPM strategy for control of F. occidentalis in the near future. This review provides an overview for information gained during the 10+ years since the invasion of F. occidentalis into China, reviews lessons that have been learned enhancing our overall understanding of the biology and ecology of F. occidentalis and discusses IPM practices relative to this widespread invasive insect pest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengyong Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, PR China
| | - Liangde Tang
- Environment and Plant Protection Institute,, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, PR China
| | - Xingrui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, PR China
| | - Zhenlong Xing
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, PR China
| | | | - Yulin Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, PR China.
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Zhang XN, Guo JJ, Zou X, Jin DC. Pathogenic differences of the entomopathogenic fungus Isaria cateniannulata to the spider mite Tetranychus urticae (Trombidiformes: Tetranychidae) and its predator Euseius nicholsi (Mesostigmata: Phytoseiidae). EXPERIMENTAL & APPLIED ACAROLOGY 2018; 75:69-84. [PMID: 29611070 PMCID: PMC5895693 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-018-0247-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/17/2018] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Isaria cateniannulata and Euseius nicholsi are two important biological control agents currently being used in many areas of China to control a variety of pests. In order to determine the possibility of a concomitant application with the two agents in a biocontrol program involving the two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae, we quantified the pathogenicity of a strain of I. cateniannulata (08XS-1) against females of both T. urticae and E. nicholsi. We observed the infection process using scanning electron microscopy and fluorescence microscopy to distinguish differences in fungal performance. The female mites were infected by I. cateniannulata at 2 × 107 conidia/ml. The mortality of T. urticae was 100% when treated with submerged conidia and 92% when treated with aerial conidia (spray), and that of E. nicholsi was 4.2 and 6.7%, correspondingly. Following infection with aerial or submerged conidia, mated E. nicholsi females displayed no significant differences between treatments and control, indicating the fungus had no obvious effect on their vitality and fertility. This demonstrates that I. cateniannulata is safe to E. nicholsi when used to control T. urticae. The two types of propagules of I. cateniannulata are readily produced by common culture, and the submerged conidia, because of their substantially higher mortality, are preferable to the aerial conidia. Our results indicate that I. cateniannulata and E. nicholsi are viable candidates to be concomitantly applied in the biocontrol programs of T. urticae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Na Zhang
- Institute of Entomology, The Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of Mountainous Region, The Provincial Special Key Laboratory for Development and Utilization of Insect Resources, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Pest in Guiyang, Ministry of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550005 Guizhou, China
- Research Center of Buckwheat Industry Technology, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, 550005, Guizhou, China
| | - Jian-Jun Guo
- Institute of Entomology, The Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of Mountainous Region, The Provincial Special Key Laboratory for Development and Utilization of Insect Resources, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Pest in Guiyang, Ministry of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550005 Guizhou, China
| | - Xiao Zou
- Institute of Fungal Resources, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Dao-Chao Jin
- Institute of Entomology, The Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of Mountainous Region, The Provincial Special Key Laboratory for Development and Utilization of Insect Resources, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Pest in Guiyang, Ministry of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550005 Guizhou, China.
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20
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Dara SK. Managing Western Flower Thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) on Lettuce and Green Peach Aphid and Cabbage Aphid (Hemiptera: Aphididae) on Broccoli with Chemical Insecticides and the Entomopathogenic Fungus Beauveria bassiana (Hypocreales: Clavicipitaceae). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.2174/1874294701710010021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Aims:Lettuce and broccoli are high value vegetable crops in California. The western flower thrips,Frankliniella occidentalison lettuce, and the cabbage aphid,Brevicoryne brassicaeand the green peach aphid,Myzus persicaeon broccoli are important insect pests that are frequently managed with chemical insecticides.Observation:Efficacy of various chemical insecticides and the entomopathogenic fungusBeauveria bassianawas evaluated against these pests in field studies in the Santa Maria area of California. Some insecticides varied in their efficacy againstF. occidentalisfrom year to year and against different aphid species.Conclusion:A new insecticide sulfoxaflor provided good control of aphids on broccoli.Beauveria bassianademonstrated a potential for broccoli and lettuce integrated pest management.
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Niu XX, Li T, Zhang X, Wang SX, Liu ZH. Lactobacillus crispatus Modulates Vaginal Epithelial Cell Innate Response to Candida albicans. Chin Med J (Engl) 2017; 130:273-279. [PMID: 28139509 PMCID: PMC5308008 DOI: 10.4103/0366-6999.198927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vulvovaginal candidiasis is caused by Candida albicans. The vaginal epithelium, as the first site of the initial stage of infection by pathogens, plays an important role in resisting genital tract infections. Moreover, lactobacilli are predominant members of the vaginal microbiota that help to maintain a normal vaginal microenvironment. Therefore, Lactobacillus crispatus was explored for its capacity to intervene in the immune response of vaginal epithelial cells VK2/E6E7 to C. albicans. METHODS We examined the interleukin-2 (IL-2), 4, 6, 8, and 17 produced by VK2/E6E7 cells infected with C. albicans and treated with L. crispatus in vitro. The capacity of L. crispatus to adhere to VK2/E6E7 and inhibit C. albicans growth was also tested by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and adhesion experiments. RESULTS Compared with group VK2/E6E7 with C. albicans, when treated with L. crispatus, the adhesion of C. albicans to VK2/E6E7 cells decreased significantly by 52.87 ± 1.22%, 47.03 ± 1.35%, and 42.20 ± 1.55% under competition, exclusion, and displacement conditions, respectively. SEM revealed that the invasion of C. albicans into VK2/E6E7 cells was caused by induced endocytosis and active penetration. L. crispatus could effectively protect the cells from the virulence of hyphae and spores of C. albicans and enhance the local immune function of the VK2/E6E7 cells. The concentrations of IL-2, 6, and 17 were upregulated significantly (P < 0.01) and that of IL-8 were downregulated significantly (P < 0.01) in infected VK2/E6E7 cells treated with L. crispatus. The concentration of IL-4 was similar to that of the group VK2/E6E7 with C. albicans (24.10 ± 0.97 vs. 23.12 ± 0.76 pg/ml, P = 0.221). CONCLUSIONS L. crispatus can attenuate the virulence of C. albicans, modulate the secretion of cytokines and chemokines, and enhance the immune response of VK2/E6E7 cells in vitro. The vaginal mucosa has a potential function in the local immune responses against pathogens that can be promoted by L. crispatus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Xi Niu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Ting Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Laboratory of Electron Microscopy, Ultrastructural Pathology Center, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Su-Xia Wang
- Laboratory of Electron Microscopy, Ultrastructural Pathology Center, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Zhao-Hui Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
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Zhang H, Wu S, Xing Z, Wang X, Lei Z. Bioassay and Scanning Electron Microscopic Observations Reveal High Virulence of Entomopathogenic Fungus, Beauveria bassiana, on the Onion Maggot (Diptera: Anthomyiidae) Adults. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2016; 109:2309-2316. [PMID: 27986935 DOI: 10.1093/jee/tow235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
When flies were dipped in 1 × 108 conidia/ml conidia suspensions and then kept in the incubator (22 ± 1 °C, 70 ± 5% RH), scanning electron microscope observations revealed that, at 2 h, the majority of adhering Beauveria bassiana conidia were attached to either the wing surface or the interstitial area between the macrochaetae on the thorax and abdomen of the onion maggot adults. Germ tubes were being produced and had oriented toward the cuticle by 18 h. Penetration of the insect cuticle had occurred by 36 h, and by 48 h, germ tubes had completely penetrated the cuticle. Fungal mycelia had emerged from the insect body and were proliferating after 72 h. The superficial area and structure of the wings and macrochaetae may facilitate the attachment of conidia and enable effective penetration. The susceptibility of adults to 12 isolates, at a concentration of 1 × 107 conidia/ml, was tested in laboratory experiments. Eight of the more potent strains caused in excess of 85% adult mortality 8 d post inoculation, while the median lethal time (LT50) of these strains was <6 d. The virulence of the more effective strains was further tested, and the median lethal concentrations (LC50) were calculated by exposing adults to doses ranging from 103-107 conidia/ml. The lowest LC50 value, found in the isolate XJWLMQ-32, for the adults was 3.87 × 103 conidia/ml. These results demonstrate that some B. bassiana strains are highly virulent to onion maggot adults and should be considered as potential biocontrol agents against the adult flies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China (; ; ; )
| | - Shengyong Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China (; ; ; )
| | - Zhenlong Xing
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China (; ; ; )
| | - Xiaoqing Wang
- Plant Protection Station of Beijing, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Zhongren Lei
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China (; ; ; )
- Fujian-Taiwan Joint Center for Ecological Control of Crop Pests, Fuzhou 350002, China, and
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Wu S, Xie H, Li M, Xu X, Lei Z. Highly virulent Beauveria bassiana strains against the two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae, show no pathogenicity against five phytoseiid mite species. EXPERIMENTAL & APPLIED ACAROLOGY 2016; 70:421-435. [PMID: 27783179 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-016-0090-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Entomopathogenic fungi and predatory mites can independently contribute to suppressing the two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch. It is important to assess the risk of possible fungal infections in predators when a combination of them are being considered as a tandem control strategy for suppressing T. urticae. The first part of this study tested 12 Beauveria bassiana isolates for virulence in T. urticae. Strains SCWJ-2, SDDZ-9, LNSZ-26, GZGY-1-3 and WLMQ-32 were found to be the most potent, causing 37.6-49.5% adult corrected mortality at a concentration of 1 × 107 m/L conidia 4 days post-treatment. The second part evaluated the pathogenicity of these five strains in five species of predatory phytoseiid mites. The bioassay results indicated that all adult predatory mite mortalities ranged from 7.5 to 9.1% 4 days post-treatment. No viable fungal hyphae were found on predator cadavers. Observations with scanning electron microscopy revealed that conidia were attached to the cuticle of predatory mites within 2-12 h after spraying with strain LNSZ-26, and had germinated within 24-36 h. After 48 h, conidia had gradually been shed from the mites, after none of the conidia had penetrated the cuticular surfaces. In contrast, the germinated conidia successfully penetrated the cuticle of T. urticae, and within 60 h the fungus colonized the mite's body. Our study demonstrated that although several B. bassiana strains displayed a high virulence in T. urticae there was no evident pathogenicity to phytoseiid mites. These findings support the potential use of entomopathogenic fungus in combination with predatory mites in T. urticae control programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengyong Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China.
| | - Haicui Xie
- College of Life Science and Technology, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao, 066000, People's Republic of China
| | - Maoye Li
- School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuenong Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongren Lei
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China.
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Immediato D, Figueredo LA, Iatta R, Camarda A, de Luna RLN, Giangaspero A, Brandão-Filho SP, Otranto D, Cafarchia C. Essential oils and Beauveria bassiana against Dermanyssus gallinae (Acari: Dermanyssidae): Towards new natural acaricides. Vet Parasitol 2016; 229:159-165. [PMID: 27809973 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2016.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Revised: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Essential oils (EOs) and entomopathogenic fungi such as Beauveria bassiana (Bb) strains have the potential to be used as alternative insecticides and acaricides for controlling ectoparasites as Dermanyssus gallinae. These compounds have some limitations in their use: the acaricidal effect of EOs is rapid, but short-lived, whilst that of Bb is delayed, but long-lived. To evaluate the effect of both compounds combined against D. gallinae, the non-toxic dose of Eucalyptus globulus, Eucalyptus citriodora, Thymus vulgaris and Eugenia caryophyllata essential oils were firstly calculated for "native" strains of Bb. Subsequently, the effects of the combination of selected EOs with Bb against nymph and adult poultry red mites (PRMs) was assessed. EO concentrations ranging from 0.0015 to 8% v/v (i.e., nine double dilutions) were used to evaluate their effect on germination, sporulation and vegetative growth rates of native strains of Bb. A total of 1440 mites (720 nymphs and 720 adults) were divided into three-treated group (TGs) and one control group (CG). In TGs, mites were exposed to Bb in combination with the selected EO (TG1), EO alone (TG2) or Bb (TG3) alone. In the CG, mites were exposed to 0.1% tween 80 plus EO solvent (CG). E. globulus and E. citriodora were toxic for Bb in concentrations higher than 0.2% and 0.003% respectively, whilst E. caryophyllata and T. vulgaris were toxic at all concentrations tested against Bb. Based on the results of the toxicity assays against Bb, E. globulus was chosen to be tested as acaricide resulting non-toxic for Bb at concentration lower than 0.4%. Increased mortality of D. gallinae adults was recorded in TG1 than those in other TGs from 4days post-infection (T+4DPI). A 100% mortality of D. gallinae was recorded in adults at T+9DPI and at T+10DPI in nymphs in TG1 and later than T+11DPI in the other TGs. Used in combination with E. globulus, Bb displayed an earlier acaricidal effect towards both haematophagous D. gallinae stages. The combination of B. bassiana and E. globulus at 0.2% might be used for controlling arthropods of medical and veterinary importance as D. gallinae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Immediato
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Bari, 70010 Valenzano, Italy
| | - Luciana Aguiar Figueredo
- Departamento de Imunologia, Centro de Pesquisas Aggeu Magalhães, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, 50670-420 Recife, Brazil
| | - Roberta Iatta
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Bari, 70010 Valenzano, Italy
| | - Antonio Camarda
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Bari, 70010 Valenzano, Italy
| | | | - Annunziata Giangaspero
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, degli Alimenti e dell'Ambiente, Università degli Studi di Foggia, 71121 Foggia, Italy
| | - Sinval Pinto Brandão-Filho
- Departamento de Imunologia, Centro de Pesquisas Aggeu Magalhães, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, 50670-420 Recife, Brazil
| | - Domenico Otranto
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Bari, 70010 Valenzano, Italy
| | - Claudia Cafarchia
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Bari, 70010 Valenzano, Italy.
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Li J, Guo Q, Lin M, Jiang L, Ye J, Chen D, Li Z, Dai J, Han S. Evaluation of a New Entomopathogenic Strain of Beauveria bassiana and a New Field Delivery Method against Solenopsis invicta. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0158325. [PMID: 27341441 PMCID: PMC4920426 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0158325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Solenopsis invicta Buren is one of the most important pests in China, and control measures are mainly based on the use of synthetic pesticides, which may be inadequate and unsustainable. Hence, there is a growing interest in developing biological control alternatives for managing S. invicta, such as the use of entomopathogenic fungi. To facilitate the commercialization of entomopathogenic fungi against S. invicta, 10 Beauveria bassiana isolates originating from different hosts were tested for virulence in laboratory bioassays, and the most pathogenic strain, ZGNKY-5, was tested in field studies using an improved pathogen delivery system. The cumulative mortality rate reached 93.40% at 1×108 mL-1 conidia after 504 h. The germination and invasion of the spores were observed under a scanning electron microscope, and several conidia adhered to the cuticle of S. invicta after 2 h. Furthermore, the germ tubes of the conidia oriented toward the cuticle after 48 h, and the mycelium colonized the entire body after 96 h. Based on the efficacy observed in the laboratory trials, further experiments were performed with ZGNKY-5 strain to evaluate its utility in an injection control technology against S. invicta in the field. We found that three dosage treatments of ZGNKY-5 strain (500 mL, 750 mL, and 1,000 mL per nest) had significant control effects. Our results show that this strain of Beauveria bassiana and our control method were effective against S. invicta in both laboratory and field settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of IPM in Agriculture and Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Guangdong Institute of Applied Biological Resources, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Guo
- Shenzhen Wild Animal and Plant Protection Administration Agent, Shenzhen, China
| | - Miaofeng Lin
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of IPM in Agriculture and Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Guangdong Institute of Applied Biological Resources, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, P.R. China
| | - Lu Jiang
- Shenzhen Wild Animal and Plant Protection Administration Agent, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jingwen Ye
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of IPM in Agriculture and Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Guangdong Institute of Applied Biological Resources, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, P.R. China
| | - Dasong Chen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of IPM in Agriculture and Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Guangdong Institute of Applied Biological Resources, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, P.R. China
| | - Zhigang Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of IPM in Agriculture and Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Guangdong Institute of Applied Biological Resources, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, P.R. China
| | - Jianqing Dai
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of IPM in Agriculture and Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Guangdong Institute of Applied Biological Resources, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, P.R. China
| | - Shichou Han
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of IPM in Agriculture and Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Guangdong Institute of Applied Biological Resources, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, P.R. China
- * E-mail:
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26
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Insight into the feeding behavior of predatory mites on Beauveria bassiana, an arthropod pathogen. Sci Rep 2016; 6:24062. [PMID: 27041703 PMCID: PMC4819197 DOI: 10.1038/srep24062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Interactions between fungal entomopathogens and pest predators are particularly relevant in control of agricultural insect pests. In a laboratory study, we confirmed that the predatory mite, Neoseiulus barkeri, exhibited feeding behavior on the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana conidia through DNA extracts. Using transmission electron microscopy, we determined that the majority of conidia found in the mite gut tended to dissolve within 24 h post ingestion, suggesting that the conidia had probably lost their viability. To our knowledge this is the first report of feeding behavior of phytoseiid mites on entomopathogenic fungus. The findings expand our knowledge of fungus–predator interactions.
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Gonzalez F, Tkaczuk C, Dinu MM, Fiedler Ż, Vidal S, Zchori-Fein E, Messelink GJ. New opportunities for the integration of microorganisms into biological pest control systems in greenhouse crops. JOURNAL OF PEST SCIENCE 2016; 89:295-311. [PMID: 27340390 PMCID: PMC4880627 DOI: 10.1007/s10340-016-0751-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Revised: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Biological pest control with mass-produced arthropod natural enemies is well developed in greenhouse crops and has often resulted in the evolution of complex ecosystems with persistent populations of multiple arthropod natural enemy species. However, there are cases where arthropod natural enemies are either not effective enough, not available, or their use is rather costly. For these reasons, biological control based on microorganisms, also referred to as 'microbials', represents a complementary strategy for further development. Although commercially available microbials have been around for quite some time, research on and the applied use of combinations of arthropod natural enemies and microbials have remained relatively under explored. Here, we review current uses of entomopathogenic fungi, bacteria and viruses, and their possible direct and indirect effects on arthropod natural enemies in European greenhouses. We discuss how microbials might be combined with arthropod natural enemies in the light of new methodologies and technologies such as conservation biological control, greenhouse climate management, and formulation and delivery. Furthermore, we explore the possibilities of using other microorganisms for biological control, such as endophytes, and the need to understand the effect of insect-associated microorganisms, or symbionts, on the success of biological control. Finally, we suggest future research directions to optimize the combined use of microbials and arthropod natural enemies in greenhouse production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Gonzalez
- />Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Växtskyddsvägen 3, P.O. Box 23053, Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Cezary Tkaczuk
- />Department of Plant Protection and Breeding, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Prusa 14 Street, 08-110 Siedlce, Poland
| | - Mihaela Monica Dinu
- />Research-Development Institute for Plant Protection, Bd. Ion Ionescu de la Brad nr. 8, Sector 1, P.O. Box 013813, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Żaneta Fiedler
- />Department of Biological Control, Institute of Plant Protection – NRI, Władysława Węgorka 20 Street, 60-318 Poznań, Poland
| | - Stefan Vidal
- />Department of Crop Sciences, Agricultural Entomology, Georg-August-University, Grisebachstrasse 6, 37077 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Einat Zchori-Fein
- />Department of Entomology, NeweYa’ar Research Center, P.O. Box 1021, 30095 Ramat Yishay, Israel
| | - Gerben J. Messelink
- />Wageningen UR Greenhouse Horticulture, PO Box 20, 2265 ZG Bleiswijk, The Netherlands
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Kivett JM, Cloyd RA, Bello NM. Insecticide Rotation Programs with Entomopathogenic Organisms for Suppression of Western Flower Thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) Adult Populations under Greenhouse Conditions. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2015; 108:1936-1946. [PMID: 26470338 DOI: 10.1093/jee/tov155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande), is one of the most destructive insect pests of greenhouse production systems with the ability to develop resistance to a wide variety of insecticides. A common resistance management strategy is rotating insecticides with different modes of action. By incorporating entomopathogenic organisms (fungi and bacteria), which have discrete modes of action compared to standard insecticides, greenhouse producers may preserve the effectiveness of insecticides used for suppression of western flower thrips populations. The objective of this study was to determine how different rotation programs that include entomopathogenic organisms (Beauveria bassiana, Isaria fumosoroseus, Metarhizium anisopliae, and Chromobacterium subtsugae) and commonly used standard insecticides (spinosad, chlorfenapyr, abamectin, and pyridalyl) may impact the population dynamics of western flower thrips adult populations by means of suppression. Eight-week rotation programs were applied to chrysanthemum, Dendranthema x morifolium plants and weekly counts of western flower thrips adults captured on yellow sticky cards were recorded as a means to evaluate the impact of the rotation programs. A final quality assessment of damage caused by western flower thrips feeding on foliage and flowers was also recorded. Furthermore, a cost comparison of each rotation program was conducted. Overall, insecticide rotation programs that incorporated entomopathogenic organisms were not significantly different than the standard insecticide rotation programs without entomopathogenic organisms in suppressing western flower thrips adult populations. However, there were no significant differences among any of the rotation programs compared to the water control. Moreover, there was no differential effect of the rotation programs on foliage and flower quality. Cost savings of up to 34% (in US dollars) are possible when including entomopathogenic organisms in the rotation program. Therefore, by incorporating entomopathogenic organisms into insecticide rotation programs, greenhouse producers can decrease costs without affecting suppression, as well as diminish selection pressure on western flower thrips adult populations, which may avoid or delay resistance development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica M Kivett
- Department of Entomology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506
| | - Raymond A Cloyd
- Department of Entomology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506.
| | - Nora M Bello
- Department of Statistics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506
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29
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Immediato D, Camarda A, Iatta R, Puttilli MR, Ramos RAN, Di Paola G, Giangaspero A, Otranto D, Cafarchia C. Laboratory evaluation of a native strain of Beauveria bassiana for controlling Dermanyssus gallinae (De Geer, 1778) (Acari: Dermanyssidae). Vet Parasitol 2015. [PMID: 26206607 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2015.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The poultry red mite, Dermanyssus gallinae (De Geer, 1778) (Acari: Dermanyssidae) is one of the most economically important ectoparasites of laying hens worldwide. Chemical control of this mite may result in environmental and food contamination, as well as the development of drug resistance. High virulence of Beauveria bassiana sensu lato strains isolated from naturally infected hosts or from their environment has been demonstrated toward many arthropod species, including ticks. However, a limited number of studies have assessed the use of B. bassiana for the control of D. gallinae s.l. and none of them have employed native strains. This study reports the pathogenicity of a native strain of B. bassiana (CD1123) against nymphs and adults of D. gallinae. Batches of nymph and adult mites (i.e., n=720 for each stage) for treated groups (TGs) were placed on paper soaked with a 0.1% tween 80 suspension of B. bassiana (CIS, 10(5), 10(7) and 10(9) conidia/ml), whilst 240 untreated control mites for each stage (CG) were exposed only to 0.1% tween 80. The mites in TG showed a higher mortality at all stages (p<0.01) when compared to CG, depending on the time of exposure and the conidial concentration. A 100% mortality rate was recorded using a CIS of 10(9) conidia/ml 12 days post infection (DPI) in adults and 14 DPI in nymphs. B. bassiana suspension containing 10(9) conidia/ml was highly virulent towards nymph and adult stages of D. gallinae, therefore representing a possible promising natural product to be used in alternative or in combination to other acaricidal compounds currently used for controlling the red mite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Immediato
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Bari, Valenzano, Italy
| | - Antonio Camarda
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Bari, Valenzano, Italy
| | - Roberta Iatta
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Bari, Valenzano, Italy
| | - Maria Rita Puttilli
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Bari, Valenzano, Italy
| | - Rafael Antonio Nascimento Ramos
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Bari, Valenzano, Italy; Laboratório de Doenças Parasitárias dos Animais Domésticos, Universida de Federal Rural de Pernambuco - UFRPE, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Giancarlo Di Paola
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Bari, Valenzano, Italy
| | - Annunziata Giangaspero
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, degli Alimenti e dell'Ambiente, Università degli Studi di Foggia, Italy
| | - Domenico Otranto
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Bari, Valenzano, Italy
| | - Claudia Cafarchia
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Bari, Valenzano, Italy.
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30
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Wu S, Gao Y, Xu X, Wang D, Li J, Wang H, Wang E, Lei Z. Feeding on Beauveria bassiana-treated Frankliniella occidentalis causes negative effects on the predatory mite Neoseiulus barkeri. Sci Rep 2015; 5:12033. [PMID: 26153532 PMCID: PMC4495565 DOI: 10.1038/srep12033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana and the predatory mite Neoseiulus barkeri are both potential biocontrol agents for their shared host/prey Frankliniella occidentalis. The combination of the two agents may enhance biological control of F. occidentalis if the fungus does not negatively affect N. barkeri. This study evaluated the indirect effects of B. bassiana strain SZ-26 on N. barkeri mediated by F. occidentalis using the age-stage, two-sex life table. When fed on the first instar larvae of F. occidentalis that had been exposed for 12 h to the SZ-26 suspension, the developmental time of preadult N. barkeri was significantly longer, and the longevity and fecundity were significantly lower than that of N. barkeri fed on untreated F. occidentalis. The mean generation time (T), net reproductive rate (R0), finite rate of increase (λ), intrinsic rate of natural increase (rm) and predation rates were correspondingly affected. The data showed that B. bassiana has indirect negative effects on N. barkeri population dynamics via influencing their prey F. occidentalis larvae, which indicates that there is a risk in combining B. bassiana with N. barkeri simultaneously for the biocontrol of F. occidentalis. The probable mechanism for the negative effects is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengyong Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, P.R. China
| | - Yulin Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, P.R. China
| | - Xuenong Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, P.R. China
| | - Dengjie Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, P.R. China
| | - Juan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, P.R. China
| | - Haihong Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, P.R. China
| | - Endong Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, P.R. China
| | - Zhongren Lei
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, P.R. China
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