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Cramer TML, Pinan-Lucarre B, Cavaccini A, Damilou A, Tsai YC, Bhat MA, Panzanelli P, Rama N, Mehlen P, Benke D, Karayannis T, Bessereau JL, Tyagarajan SK. Adamtsl3 mediates DCC signaling to selectively promote GABAergic synapse function. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112947. [PMID: 37572323 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The molecular code that controls synapse formation and maintenance in vivo has remained quite sparse. Here, we identify that the secreted protein Adamtsl3 functions as critical hippocampal synapse organizer acting through the transmembrane receptor DCC (deleted in colorectal cancer). Traditionally, DCC function has been associated with glutamatergic synaptogenesis and plasticity in response to Netrin-1 signaling. We demonstrate that early post-natal deletion of Adamtsl3 in neurons impairs DCC protein expression, causing reduced density of both glutamatergic and GABAergic synapses. Adult deletion of Adamtsl3 in either GABAergic or glutamatergic neurons does not interfere with DCC-Netrin-1 function at glutamatergic synapses but controls DCC signaling at GABAergic synapses. The Adamtsl3-DCC signaling unit is further essential for activity-dependent adaptations at GABAergic synapses, involving DCC phosphorylation and Src kinase activation. These findings might be particularly relevant for schizophrenia because genetic variants in Adamtsl3 and DCC have been independently linked with schizophrenia in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa M L Cramer
- University of Zurich, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Anna Cavaccini
- University of Zurich, Brain Research Institute, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Angeliki Damilou
- University of Zurich, Brain Research Institute, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Yuan-Chen Tsai
- University of Zurich, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Musadiq A Bhat
- University of Zurich, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Patrizia Panzanelli
- Department of Neuroscience Rita Levi Montalcini, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Nicolas Rama
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052-CNRS UMR5286, Université de Lyon, Centre Léon Bérard, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Patrick Mehlen
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052-CNRS UMR5286, Université de Lyon, Centre Léon Bérard, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Dietmar Benke
- University of Zurich, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Theofanis Karayannis
- University of Zurich, Brain Research Institute, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Louis Bessereau
- University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5284, INSERM U 1314, Melis, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Shiva K Tyagarajan
- University of Zurich, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
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2
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Südhof TC. Cerebellin-neurexin complexes instructing synapse properties. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2023; 81:102727. [PMID: 37209532 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2023.102727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Cerebellins (Cbln1-4) are secreted adaptor proteins that connect presynaptic neurexins (Nrxn1-3) to postsynaptic ligands (GluD1/2 for Cbln1-3 vs. DCC and Neogenin-1 for Cbln4). Classical studies demonstrated that neurexin-Cbln1-GluD2 complexes organize cerebellar parallel-fiber synapses, but the role of cerebellins outside of the cerebellum has only recently been clarified. In synapses of the hippocampal subiculum and prefrontal cortex, Nrxn1-Cbln2-GluD1 complexes strikingly upregulate postsynaptic NMDA-receptors, whereas Nrxn3-Cbln2-GluD1 complexes conversely downregulate postsynaptic AMPA-receptors. At perforant-path synapses in the dentate gyrus, in contrast, neurexin/Cbln4/Neogenin-1 complexes are essential for LTP without affecting basal synaptic transmission or NMDA- or AMPA-receptors. None of these signaling pathways are required for synapse formation. Thus, outside of the cerebellum neurexin/cerebellin complexes regulate synapse properties by activating specific downstream receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas C Südhof
- Dept. of Molecular and Cellular Physiology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford CA 94305, USA.
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3
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Zang Y, Bashaw GJ. Systematic analysis of the Frazzled receptor interactome establishes previously unreported regulators of axon guidance. Development 2023; 150:dev201636. [PMID: 37526651 PMCID: PMC10445734 DOI: 10.1242/dev.201636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
The Netrin receptor Dcc and its Drosophila homolog Frazzled play crucial roles in diverse developmental process, including axon guidance. In Drosophila, Fra regulates midline axon guidance through a Netrin-dependent and a Netrin-independent pathway. However, what molecules regulate these distinct signaling pathways remain unclear. To identify Fra-interacting proteins, we performed affinity purification mass spectrometry to establish a neuronal-specific Fra interactome. In addition to known interactors of Fra and Dcc, including Netrin and Robo1, our screen identified 85 candidate proteins, the majority of which are conserved in humans. Many of these proteins are expressed in the ventral nerve cord, and gene ontology, pathway analysis and biochemical validation identified several previously unreported pathways, including the receptor tyrosine phosphatase Lar, subunits of the COP9 signalosome and Rho-5, a regulator of the metalloprotease Tace. Finally, genetic analysis demonstrates that these genes regulate axon guidance and may define as yet unknown signaling mechanisms for Fra and its vertebrate homolog Dcc. Thus, the Fra interactome represents a resource to guide future functional studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixin Zang
- Department of Neuroscience, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 415 Curie Blvd, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Greg J. Bashaw
- Department of Neuroscience, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 415 Curie Blvd, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
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4
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Aydin B, Beklen H, Arga KY, Bayrakli F, Turanli B. Epigenomic and transcriptomic landscaping unraveled candidate repositioned therapeutics for non-functioning pituitary neuroendocrine tumors. J Endocrinol Invest 2023; 46:727-747. [PMID: 36306107 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-022-01923-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Non-functioning pituitary neuroendocrine tumors are challengingly diagnosed tumors in the clinic. Transsphenoidal surgery remains the first-line treatment. Despite the development of state-of-the-art techniques, no drug therapy is currently approved for the treatment. There are also no randomized controlled trials comparing therapeutic strategies or drug therapy for the management after surgery. Therefore, novel therapeutic interventions for the therapeutically challenging NF-PitNETs are urgently needed. METHODS We integrated epigenome and transcriptome data (both coding and non-coding) that elucidate disease-specific signatures, in addition to biological and pharmacological data, to utilize rational pathway and drug prioritization in NF-PitNETs. We constructed an epigenome- and transcriptome-based PPI network and proposed hub genes. The signature-based drug repositioning based on the integration of multi-omics data was performed. RESULTS The construction of a disease-specific network based on three different biological levels revealed DCC, DLG5, ETS2, FOXO1, HBP1, HMGA2, PCGF3, PSME4, RBPMS, RREB1, SMAD1, SOCS1, SOX2, YAP1, ZFHX3 as hub proteins. Signature-based drug repositioning using hub proteins yielded repositioned drug candidates that were confirmed in silico via molecular docking. As a result of molecular docking simulations, palbociclib, linifanib, trametinib, eplerenone, niguldipine, and zuclopenthixol showed higher binding affinities with hub genes compared to their inhibitors and were proposed as potential repositioned therapeutics for the management of NF-PitNETs. CONCLUSION The proposed systems' biomedicine-oriented multi-omics data integration for drug repurposing to provide promising results for the construction of effective clinical therapeutics. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study reporting epigenome- and transcriptome-based drug repositioning for NF-PitNETs using in silico confirmations.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Aydin
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Konya Food and Agriculture University, Konya, Turkey
| | - H Beklen
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Marmara University, RTE Basibuyuk Campus, 34720, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - K Y Arga
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Marmara University, RTE Basibuyuk Campus, 34720, Istanbul, Turkey
- Genetic and Metabolic Diseases Research and Investigation Center (GEMHAM), Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - F Bayrakli
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Institute of Neurological Sciences, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - B Turanli
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Marmara University, RTE Basibuyuk Campus, 34720, Istanbul, Turkey.
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5
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Chen Z, Wei Q. Developing an Improved Survival Prediction Model for Disease Prognosis. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12121751. [PMID: 36551179 PMCID: PMC9775036 DOI: 10.3390/biom12121751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Machine learning has become an important research field in genetics and molecular biology. Survival analysis using machine learning can provide an important computed-aid clinical research scheme for evaluating tumor treatment options. However, the genomic features are high-dimensional, which limits the prediction performance of the survival learning model. Therefore, in this paper, we propose an improved survival prediction model using a deep forest and self-supervised learning. It uses a deep survival forest to perform adaptive learning of high-dimensional genomic data and ensure robustness. In addition, self-supervised learning, as a semi-supervised learning style, is designed to utilize unlabeled samples to improve model performance. Based on four cancer datasets from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), the experimental results show that our proposed method outperforms four advanced survival analysis methods in terms of the C-index and brier score. The developed prediction model will help doctors rethink patient characteristics' relevance to survival time and personalize treatment decisions.
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6
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Han P, She Y, Yang Z, Zhuang M, Wang Q, Luo X, Yin C, Zhu J, Jaffrey SR, Ji SJ. Cbln1 regulates axon growth and guidance in multiple neural regions. PLoS Biol 2022; 20:e3001853. [PMID: 36395107 PMCID: PMC9671368 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The accurate construction of neural circuits requires the precise control of axon growth and guidance, which is regulated by multiple growth and guidance cues during early nervous system development. It is generally thought that the growth and guidance cues that control the major steps of axon development have been defined. Here, we describe cerebellin-1 (Cbln1) as a novel cue that controls diverse aspects of axon growth and guidance throughout the central nervous system (CNS) by experiments using mouse and chick embryos. Cbln1 has previously been shown to function in late neural development to influence synapse organization. Here, we find that Cbln1 has an essential role in early neural development. Cbln1 is expressed on the axons and growth cones of developing commissural neurons and functions in an autocrine manner to promote axon growth. Cbln1 is also expressed in intermediate target tissues and functions as an attractive guidance cue. We find that these functions of Cbln1 are mediated by neurexin-2 (Nrxn2), which functions as the Cbln1 receptor for axon growth and guidance. In addition to the developing spinal cord, we further show that Cbln1 functions in diverse parts of the CNS with major roles in cerebellar parallel fiber growth and retinal ganglion cell axon guidance. Despite the prevailing role of Cbln1 as a synaptic organizer, our study discovers a new and unexpected function for Cbln1 as a general axon growth and guidance cue throughout the nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Han
- School of Life Sciences, Department of Neuroscience and Department of Biology, Brain Research Center, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Systems Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuanchu She
- School of Life Sciences, Department of Neuroscience and Department of Biology, Brain Research Center, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Systems Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhuoxuan Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Department of Neuroscience and Department of Biology, Brain Research Center, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Systems Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Mengru Zhuang
- School of Life Sciences, Department of Neuroscience and Department of Biology, Brain Research Center, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Systems Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Qingjun Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Department of Neuroscience and Department of Biology, Brain Research Center, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Systems Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaopeng Luo
- School of Life Sciences, Department of Neuroscience and Department of Biology, Brain Research Center, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Systems Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Chaoqun Yin
- School of Life Sciences, Department of Neuroscience and Department of Biology, Brain Research Center, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Systems Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Junda Zhu
- School of Life Sciences, Department of Neuroscience and Department of Biology, Brain Research Center, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Systems Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Samie R. Jaffrey
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail: (SRJ); (SJJ)
| | - Sheng-Jian Ji
- School of Life Sciences, Department of Neuroscience and Department of Biology, Brain Research Center, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Systems Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- * E-mail: (SRJ); (SJJ)
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7
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Dai J, Liakath-Ali K, Golf SR, Südhof TC. Distinct neurexin-cerebellin complexes control AMPA- and NMDA-receptor responses in a circuit-dependent manner. eLife 2022; 11:e78649. [PMID: 36205393 PMCID: PMC9586558 DOI: 10.7554/elife.78649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
At CA1→subiculum synapses, alternatively spliced neurexin-1 (Nrxn1SS4+) and neurexin-3 (Nrxn3SS4+) enhance NMDA-receptors and suppress AMPA-receptors, respectively, without affecting synapse formation. Nrxn1SS4+ and Nrxn3SS4+ act by binding to secreted cerebellin-2 (Cbln2) that in turn activates postsynaptic GluD1 receptors. Whether neurexin-Cbln2-GluD1 signaling has additional functions besides regulating NMDA- and AMPA-receptors, and whether such signaling performs similar roles at other synapses, however, remains unknown. Here, we demonstrate using constitutive Cbln2 deletions in mice that at CA1→subiculum synapses, Cbln2 performs no additional developmental roles besides regulating AMPA- and NMDA-receptors. Moreover, low-level expression of functionally redundant Cbln1 did not compensate for a possible synapse-formation function of Cbln2 at CA1→subiculum synapses. In exploring the generality of these findings, we examined the prefrontal cortex where Cbln2 was recently implicated in spinogenesis, and the cerebellum where Cbln1 is known to regulate parallel-fiber synapses. In the prefrontal cortex, Nrxn1SS4+-Cbln2 signaling selectively controlled NMDA-receptors without affecting spine or synapse numbers, whereas Nrxn3SS4+-Cbln2 signaling had no apparent role. In the cerebellum, conversely, Nrxn3SS4+-Cbln1 signaling regulated AMPA-receptors, whereas now Nrxn1SS4+-Cbln1 signaling had no manifest effect. Thus, Nrxn1SS4+- and Nrxn3SS4+-Cbln1/2 signaling complexes differentially control NMDA- and AMPA-receptors in different synapses in diverse neural circuits without regulating synapse or spine formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinye Dai
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford UniversityStanfordUnited States
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford UniversityStanfordUnited States
| | - Kif Liakath-Ali
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford UniversityStanfordUnited States
| | - Samantha Rose Golf
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford UniversityStanfordUnited States
| | - Thomas C Südhof
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford UniversityStanfordUnited States
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford UniversityStanfordUnited States
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8
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Transsynaptic cerebellin 4-neogenin 1 signaling mediates LTP in the mouse dentate gyrus. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2123421119. [PMID: 35544694 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2123421119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
SignificanceSynapses are controlled by transsynaptic adhesion complexes that mediate bidirectional signaling between pre- and postsynaptic compartments. Long-term potentiation (LTP) of synaptic transmission is thought to enable synaptic modifications during memory formation, but the signaling mechanisms involved remain poorly understood. We show that binding of cerebellin-4 (Cbln4), a secreted ligand of presynaptic neurexin adhesion molecules, to neogenin-1, a postsynaptic surface protein known as a developmental netrin receptor, is essential for normal LTP at entorhinal cortex→dentate gyrus synapses in mice. Cbln4 and neogenin-1 are dispensable for basal synaptic transmission and not involved in establishing synaptic connections as such. Our data identify a netrin receptor as a postsynaptic organizer of synaptic plasticity that collaborates specifically with the presynaptic neurexin-ligand Cbln4.
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9
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Andrews PC, Dravid SM. An emerging map of glutamate delta 1 receptors in the forebrain. Neuropharmacology 2021; 192:108587. [PMID: 33992669 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Glutamate delta 1 (GluD1) and glutamate delta 2 (GluD2) form the delta family of ionotropic glutamate receptors; these proteins plays widespread roles in synaptic architecture, motor behavior, and cognitive function. Though the role of GluD2 at cerebellar parallel fiber-Purkinje cell synapses is well established, attention now turns to the function of GluD receptors in the forebrain. GluD1 regulates synaptic assembly and modulation in multiple higher brain regions, acting as a postsynaptic cell adhesion molecule with effects on both excitatory and inhibitory transmission. Furthermore, variations and mutations in the GRID1 gene, which codes for GluD1, and in genes which code for proteins functionally linked to GluD1, are associated with mental disorders including autism, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and major depression. Cerebellin (Cbln) family proteins, the primary binding partners of delta receptors, are secreted C1q-like proteins which also bind presynaptic neurexins (NRXNs), forming a tripartite synaptic bridge. Published research explores this bridge's function in regions including the striatum, hippocampus, cortex, and cerebellum. In this review, we summarize region- and circuit-specific functions and expression patterns for GluD1 and its related proteins, and their implications for behavior and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick C Andrews
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Creighton University, 2500 California Plaza, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Shashank M Dravid
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Creighton University, 2500 California Plaza, Omaha, NE, USA.
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10
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Kim HY, Um JW, Ko J. Proper synaptic adhesion signaling in the control of neural circuit architecture and brain function. Prog Neurobiol 2021; 200:101983. [PMID: 33422662 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2020.101983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Trans-synaptic cell-adhesion molecules are critical for governing various stages of synapse development and specifying neural circuit properties via the formation of multifarious signaling pathways. Recent studies have pinpointed the putative roles of trans-synaptic cell-adhesion molecules in mediating various cognitive functions. Here, we review the literature on the roles of a diverse group of central synaptic organizers, including neurexins (Nrxns), leukocyte common antigen-related receptor protein tyrosine phosphatases (LAR-RPTPs), and their associated binding proteins, in regulating properties of specific type of synapses and neural circuits. In addition, we highlight the findings that aberrant synaptic adhesion signaling leads to alterations in the structures, transmission, and plasticity of specific synapses across diverse brain areas. These results seem to suggest that proper trans-synaptic signaling pathways by Nrxns, LAR-RPTPs, and their interacting network is likely to constitute central molecular complexes that form the basis for cognitive functions, and that these complexes are heterogeneously and complexly disrupted in many neuropsychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Young Kim
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, 42988, South Korea
| | - Ji Won Um
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, 42988, South Korea; Core Protein Resources Center, DGIST, Daegu, 42988, South Korea.
| | - Jaewon Ko
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, 42988, South Korea.
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11
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Comer JD, Alvarez S, Butler SJ, Kaltschmidt JA. Commissural axon guidance in the developing spinal cord: from Cajal to the present day. Neural Dev 2019; 14:9. [PMID: 31514748 PMCID: PMC6739980 DOI: 10.1186/s13064-019-0133-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
During neuronal development, the formation of neural circuits requires developing axons to traverse a diverse cellular and molecular environment to establish synaptic contacts with the appropriate postsynaptic partners. Essential to this process is the ability of developing axons to navigate guidance molecules presented by specialized populations of cells. These cells partition the distance traveled by growing axons into shorter intervals by serving as intermediate targets, orchestrating the arrival and departure of axons by providing attractive and repulsive guidance cues. The floor plate in the central nervous system (CNS) is a critical intermediate target during neuronal development, required for the extension of commissural axons across the ventral midline. In this review, we begin by giving a historical overview of the ventral commissure and the evolutionary purpose of decussation. We then review the axon guidance studies that have revealed a diverse assortment of midline guidance cues, as well as genetic and molecular regulatory mechanisms required for coordinating the commissural axon response to these cues. Finally, we examine the contribution of dysfunctional axon guidance to neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- J D Comer
- Neuroscience Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, NY, USA.,Developmental Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, NY, USA.,Weill Cornell/Rockefeller/Sloan Kettering Tri-Institutional MD-PhD Program, New York, NY, USA
| | - S Alvarez
- Department of Neurobiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.,Molecular Biology Interdepartmental Graduate Program, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - S J Butler
- Department of Neurobiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.,Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - J A Kaltschmidt
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
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12
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Krishnaswamy VR, Benbenishty A, Blinder P, Sagi I. Demystifying the extracellular matrix and its proteolytic remodeling in the brain: structural and functional insights. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:3229-3248. [PMID: 31197404 PMCID: PMC11105229 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03182-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) plays diverse roles in several physiological and pathological conditions. In the brain, the ECM is unique both in its composition and in functions. Furthermore, almost all the cells in the central nervous system contribute to different aspects of this intricate structure. Brain ECM, enriched with proteoglycans and other small proteins, aggregate into distinct structures around neurons and oligodendrocytes. These special structures have cardinal functions in the normal functioning of the brain, such as learning, memory, and synapse regulation. In this review, we have compiled the current knowledge about the structure and function of important ECM molecules in the brain and their proteolytic remodeling by matrix metalloproteinases and other enzymes, highlighting the special structures they form. In particular, the proteoglycans in brain ECM, which are essential for several vital functions, are emphasized in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amit Benbenishty
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Pablo Blinder
- Neurobiology, Biochemistry and Biophysics School, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Sagol School for Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Irit Sagi
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
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13
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Bouilly J, Messina A, Papadakis G, Cassatella D, Xu C, Acierno JS, Tata B, Sykiotis G, Santini S, Sidis Y, Elowe-Gruau E, Phan-Hug F, Hauschild M, Bouloux PM, Quinton R, Lang-Muritano M, Favre L, Marino L, Giacobini P, Dwyer AA, Niederländer NJ, Pitteloud N. DCC/NTN1 complex mutations in patients with congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism impair GnRH neuron development. Hum Mol Genet 2019; 27:359-372. [PMID: 29202173 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddx408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (CHH) is a rare genetic disease characterized by absent puberty and infertility due to GnRH deficiency, and is often associated with anosmia [Kallmann syndrome (KS)]. The genetic etiology of CHH is heterogeneous, and more than 30 genes have been implicated in approximately 50% of patients with CHH. We hypothesized that genes encoding axon-guidance proteins containing fibronectin type-III (FN3) domains (similar to ANOS1, the first gene associated with KS), are mutated in CHH. We performed whole-exome sequencing in a cohort of 133 CHH probands to test this hypothesis, and identified rare sequence variants (RSVs) in genes encoding for the FN3-domain encoding protein deleted in colorectal cancer (DCC) and its ligand Netrin-1 (NTN1). In vitro studies of these RSVs revealed altered intracellular signaling associated with defects in cell morphology, and confirmed five heterozygous DCC mutations in 6 probands-5 of which presented as KS. Two KS probands carry heterozygous mutations in both DCC and NTN1 consistent with oligogenic inheritance. Further, we show that Netrin-1 promotes migration in immortalized GnRH neurons (GN11 cells). This study implicates DCC and NTN1 mutations in the pathophysiology of CHH consistent with the role of these two genes in the ontogeny of GnRH neurons in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine Bouilly
- Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism Service, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Faculty of Biology & Medicine, University of Lausanne, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Messina
- Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism Service, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Faculty of Biology & Medicine, University of Lausanne, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Georgios Papadakis
- Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism Service, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Faculty of Biology & Medicine, University of Lausanne, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Daniele Cassatella
- Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism Service, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Faculty of Biology & Medicine, University of Lausanne, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Cheng Xu
- Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism Service, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Faculty of Biology & Medicine, University of Lausanne, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - James S Acierno
- Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism Service, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Faculty of Biology & Medicine, University of Lausanne, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Brooke Tata
- UMR-S 1172-JPArc-Centre de Recherche Jean-Pierre AUBERT Neurosciences et Cancer, University of Lille, 59000 Lille, France.,Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, Inserm, UMR-S 1172, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Gerasimos Sykiotis
- Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism Service, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Faculty of Biology & Medicine, University of Lausanne, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sara Santini
- Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism Service, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Faculty of Biology & Medicine, University of Lausanne, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Yisrael Sidis
- Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism Service, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Faculty of Biology & Medicine, University of Lausanne, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Eglantine Elowe-Gruau
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Obesity, Department of Pediatrics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois Lausanne, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Franziska Phan-Hug
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Obesity, Department of Pediatrics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois Lausanne, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Michael Hauschild
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Obesity, Department of Pediatrics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois Lausanne, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Pierre-Marc Bouloux
- Center for Neuroendocrinology, Royal Free Campus, University College Medical School, London WC1E6BT, UK
| | - Richard Quinton
- Institute of Genetic Medicine and the Royal Victoria Infirmary, University of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, Newcastle-upon-Tyne NE13BZ, UK
| | - Mariarosaria Lang-Muritano
- Department of Endocrinology/Diabetology and Children's Research Centre, University Children's Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lucie Favre
- Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism Service, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Faculty of Biology & Medicine, University of Lausanne, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Laura Marino
- Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism Service, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Faculty of Biology & Medicine, University of Lausanne, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Paolo Giacobini
- UMR-S 1172-JPArc-Centre de Recherche Jean-Pierre AUBERT Neurosciences et Cancer, University of Lille, 59000 Lille, France.,Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, Inserm, UMR-S 1172, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Andrew A Dwyer
- Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism Service, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Faculty of Biology & Medicine, University of Lausanne, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland.,Institute of Higher Education and Research in Healthcare, University of Lausanne, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas J Niederländer
- Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism Service, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Faculty of Biology & Medicine, University of Lausanne, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nelly Pitteloud
- Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism Service, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Faculty of Biology & Medicine, University of Lausanne, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland.,Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Obesity, Department of Pediatrics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois Lausanne, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
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14
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Beamish IV, Hinck L, Kennedy TE. Making Connections: Guidance Cues and Receptors at Nonneural Cell-Cell Junctions. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2018; 10:a029165. [PMID: 28847900 PMCID: PMC6211390 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a029165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The field of axon guidance was revolutionized over the past three decades by the identification of highly conserved families of guidance cues and receptors. These proteins are essential for normal neural development and function, directing cell and axon migration, neuron-glial interactions, and synapse formation and plasticity. Many of these genes are also expressed outside the nervous system in which they influence cell migration, adhesion and proliferation. Because the nervous system develops from neural epithelium, it is perhaps not surprising that these guidance cues have significant nonneural roles in governing the specialized junctional connections between cells in polarized epithelia. The following review addresses roles for ephrins, semaphorins, netrins, slits and their receptors in regulating adherens, tight, and gap junctions in nonneural epithelia and endothelia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian V Beamish
- Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, Montréal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Lindsay Hinck
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, California 95064
| | - Timothy E Kennedy
- Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, Montréal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec H3A 2B4, Canada
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15
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Cbln2 and Cbln4 are expressed in distinct medial habenula-interpeduncular projections and contribute to different behavioral outputs. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:E10235-E10244. [PMID: 30287486 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1811086115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Cerebellins are important neurexin ligands that remain incompletely understood. Two critical questions in particular remain unanswered: do different cerebellins perform distinct functions, and do these functions act in the initial establishment of synapses or in rendering nascent synapses capable of normal synaptic transmission? Here we show that in mice, Cbln2 and Cbln4 are expressed in the medial habenula (MHb) nucleus in different types of neurons that project to distinct target neurons in the interpeduncular nucleus. Conditional genetic deletion of Cbln2 in the MHb impaired synaptic transmission at Cbln2+ synapses in the interpeduncular neurons within 3 wk, but decreased synapse numbers only after 3 mo, suggesting a functional, but not a structural, requirement for Cbln2 in synapses formed by Cbln2-expressing neurons. In contrast, genetic deletions of Cbln4 in the MHb had no major effect on synaptic transmission or synapse numbers in interpeduncular target neurons. Nevertheless, MHb ablation of both Cbln2 and Cbln4 significantly impaired behavioral responses in mice, but affected different types of behaviors. Specifically, Cbln2 MHb deletions decreased spatial learning, as measured in the water T-maze, whereas Cbln4 MHb deletions increased anxiety levels, as monitored in the open field test and elevated plus maze. Thus, Cbln2 and Cbln4 are expressed in distinct MHb neurons that contribute to different behaviors.
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16
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Rong Y, Bansal PK, Wei P, Guo H, Correia K, Parris J, Morgan JI. Glycosylation of Cblns attenuates their receptor binding. Brain Res 2018; 1694:129-139. [PMID: 29782851 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2018.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Cbln1 is the prototype of a family (Cbln1-Cbln4) of secreted glycoproteins and is essential for normal synapse structure and function in cerebellum by bridging presynaptic Nrxn to postsynaptic Grid2. Here we report the effects of glycosylation on the in vitro receptor binding properties of Cblns. Cbln1, 2 and 4 harbor two N-linked glycosylation sites, one at the N-terminus is in a region implicated in Nrxn binding and the second is in the C1q domain, a region involved in Grid2 binding. Mutation (asparagine to glutamine) of the N-terminal site, increased neurexin binding whereas mutation of the C1q site markedly increased Grid2 binding. These mutations did not influence subunit composition of Cbln trimeric complexes (mediated through the C1q domain) nor their assembly into hexamers (mediated by the N-terminal region). Therefore, glycosylation likely masks the receptor binding interfaces of Cblns. As Cbln4 has undetectable Grid2 binding in vitro we assessed whether transgenic expression of wild type Cbln4 or its glycosylation mutants rescued the Cbln1-null phenotype in vivo. Cbln4 partially rescued and both glycosylation mutants completely rescued ataxia in cbln1-null mice. Thus Cbln4 has intrinsic Grid2 binding that is attenuated by glycosylation, and glycosylation mutants exhibit gain of function in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongqi Rong
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Parmil K Bansal
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Peng Wei
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Hong Guo
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Kristen Correia
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Jennifer Parris
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - James I Morgan
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA.
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17
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Seigneur E, Südhof TC. Genetic Ablation of All Cerebellins Reveals Synapse Organizer Functions in Multiple Regions Throughout the Brain. J Neurosci 2018; 38:4774-4790. [PMID: 29691328 PMCID: PMC5956990 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0360-18.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Cerebellins are synaptic organizer molecules that bind to presynaptic neurexins and postsynaptic receptors. They are well studied in the cerebellum, but three of the four cerebellins (Cbln1, Cbln2, and Cbln4) are also broadly expressed outside of the cerebellum, suggesting that they perform general functions throughout the brain. Here, we generated male and female constitutive single (KO), double KO (dKO), and triple KO (tKO) mice of Cbln1, Cbln2, and Cbln4. We found that all constitutive cerebellin-deficient mice were viable and fertile, suggesting that cerebellins are not essential for survival. Cbln1/2 dKO mice exhibited salience-induced seizures that were aggravated in Cbln1/2/4 tKO mice, suggesting that all cerebellins contribute to brain function. As described previously, Cbln1 KO mice displayed major motor impairments that were aggravated by additional KO of Cbln2. Strikingly, the Cbln1/2 dKO did not cause alterations in synapse density in the hippocampus of young adult (1- and 2-month-old) mice, but produced a selective ∼50% decrease in hippocampal synapse density in the stratum lacunosum moleculare of the CA1 region and in the dentate gyrus of aging, 6-month-old mice. A similar decrease in excitatory synapse density was observed in the striatum and retrosplenial cortex. Behaviorally, the Cbln1 KO produced dramatic changes in motor behaviors that were partly aggravated by additional deletion of Cbln2 and/or Cbln4. Our results show that cerebellins are not essential for survival and do not contribute to initial synapse formation, but perform multiple functions throughout the brain; as a consequence, their ablation results in a delayed loss of synapses and in behavioral impairments.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Cerebellins (Cbln1-4) are trans-synaptic cell adhesion molecules. In the cerebellum, Cbln1 functions as a bidirectional organizer of parallel fiber-Purkinje cell synapses by binding to presynaptic neurexins and postsynaptic GluRδ2. Little is known about the function of cerebellins outside of the cerebellum; therefore, the present study used single, double, and triple constitutive KO mice of Cbln1, Cbln2, and Cbln4 to analyze the overall function of cerebellins. We show that cerebellins act as important synaptic organizers in specific subsets of neurons and likely contribute to many different brain functions. We also show that cerebellins are not initially required for synapse formation, but rather for specification and long-term synapse maintenance and demonstrate that all cerebellins, not just Cbln1, contribute to brain function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica Seigneur
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University Medical School, Stanford, California 94305
| | - Thomas C Südhof
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University Medical School, Stanford, California 94305
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18
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Ferrer-Ferrer M, Dityatev A. Shaping Synapses by the Neural Extracellular Matrix. Front Neuroanat 2018; 12:40. [PMID: 29867379 PMCID: PMC5962695 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2018.00040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating data support the importance of interactions between pre- and postsynaptic neuronal elements with astroglial processes and extracellular matrix (ECM) for formation and plasticity of chemical synapses, and thus validate the concept of a tetrapartite synapse. Here we outline the major mechanisms driving: (i) synaptogenesis by secreted extracellular scaffolding molecules, like thrombospondins (TSPs), neuronal pentraxins (NPs) and cerebellins, which respectively promote presynaptic, postsynaptic differentiation or both; (ii) maturation of synapses via reelin and integrin ligands-mediated signaling; and (iii) regulation of synaptic plasticity by ECM-dependent control of induction and consolidation of new synaptic configurations. Particularly, we focused on potential importance of activity-dependent concerted activation of multiple extracellular proteases, such as ADAMTS4/5/15, MMP9 and neurotrypsin, for permissive and instructive events in synaptic remodeling through localized degradation of perisynaptic ECM and generation of proteolytic fragments as inducers of synaptic plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maura Ferrer-Ferrer
- Molecular Neuroplasticity German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Dityatev
- Molecular Neuroplasticity German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany.,Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences (CBBS), Magdeburg, Germany.,Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
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19
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Draxin regulates hippocampal neurogenesis in the postnatal dentate gyrus by inhibiting DCC-induced apoptosis. Sci Rep 2018; 8:840. [PMID: 29339781 PMCID: PMC5770412 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-19346-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Hippocampal neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus (DG) is controlled by diffusible molecules that modulate neurogenic processes, including cell proliferation, differentiation and survival. To elucidate the mechanisms underlying hippocampal neurogenesis, we investigated the function of draxin, originally identified as a neural chemorepellent, in the regulation of neuronal survival in the DG. Draxin was expressed in Tbr2 (+) late progenitors and NeuroD1 (+) neuroblasts in the dentate granule cell lineage, whereas expression of its receptor DCC (deleted in colorectal cancer) was mainly detectable in neuroblasts. Our phenotypic analysis revealed that draxin deficiency led to enhanced apoptosis of DCC-expressing neuroblasts in the neurogenic areas. Furthermore, in vitro assays using a hippocampal neural stem/progenitor cell (HNSPC) line indicated that draxin inhibited apoptosis in differentiating HNSPCs, which express DCC. Taken together, we postulate that draxin plays a pivotal role in postnatal DG neurogenesis as a dependence receptor ligand for DCC to maintain and promote survival of neuroblasts.
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20
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Südhof TC. Synaptic Neurexin Complexes: A Molecular Code for the Logic of Neural Circuits. Cell 2017; 171:745-769. [PMID: 29100073 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2017.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 478] [Impact Index Per Article: 68.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Revised: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/15/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Synapses are specialized junctions between neurons in brain that transmit and compute information, thereby connecting neurons into millions of overlapping and interdigitated neural circuits. Here, we posit that the establishment, properties, and dynamics of synapses are governed by a molecular logic that is controlled by diverse trans-synaptic signaling molecules. Neurexins, expressed in thousands of alternatively spliced isoforms, are central components of this dynamic code. Presynaptic neurexins regulate synapse properties via differential binding to multifarious postsynaptic ligands, such as neuroligins, cerebellin/GluD complexes, and latrophilins, thereby shaping the input/output relations of their resident neural circuits. Mutations in genes encoding neurexins and their ligands are associated with diverse neuropsychiatric disorders, especially schizophrenia, autism, and Tourette syndrome. Thus, neurexins nucleate an overall trans-synaptic signaling network that controls synapse properties, which thereby determines the precise responses of synapses to spike patterns in a neuron and circuit and which is vulnerable to impairments in neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas C Südhof
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University Medical School, 265 Campus Drive, CA 94305-5453, USA.
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21
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Méneret A, Franz EA, Trouillard O, Oliver TC, Zagar Y, Robertson SP, Welniarz Q, Gardner RJM, Gallea C, Srour M, Depienne C, Jasoni CL, Dubacq C, Riant F, Lamy JC, Morel MP, Guérois R, Andreani J, Fouquet C, Doulazmi M, Vidailhet M, Rouleau GA, Brice A, Chédotal A, Dusart I, Roze E, Markie D. Mutations in the netrin-1 gene cause congenital mirror movements. J Clin Invest 2017; 127:3923-3936. [PMID: 28945198 DOI: 10.1172/jci95442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Netrin-1 is a secreted protein that was first identified 20 years ago as an axon guidance molecule that regulates midline crossing in the CNS. It plays critical roles in various tissues throughout development and is implicated in tumorigenesis and inflammation in adulthood. Despite extensive studies, no inherited human disease has been directly associated with mutations in NTN1, the gene coding for netrin-1. Here, we have identified 3 mutations in exon 7 of NTN1 in 2 unrelated families and 1 sporadic case with isolated congenital mirror movements (CMM), a disorder characterized by involuntary movements of one hand that mirror intentional movements of the opposite hand. Given the diverse roles of netrin-1, the absence of manifestations other than CMM in NTN1 mutation carriers was unexpected. Using multimodal approaches, we discovered that the anatomy of the corticospinal tract (CST) is abnormal in patients with NTN1-mutant CMM. When expressed in HEK293 or stable HeLa cells, the 3 mutated netrin-1 proteins were almost exclusively detected in the intracellular compartment, contrary to WT netrin-1, which is detected in both intracellular and extracellular compartments. Since netrin-1 is a diffusible extracellular cue, the pathophysiology likely involves its loss of function and subsequent disruption of axon guidance, resulting in abnormal decussation of the CST.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie Méneret
- INSERM U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, UMR S1127, CIC-1422, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), Paris, France.,AP-HP, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Département de Neurologie, Paris, France
| | - Elizabeth A Franz
- Department of Psychology and fMRIotago, , University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Oriane Trouillard
- INSERM U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, UMR S1127, CIC-1422, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), Paris, France
| | - Thomas C Oliver
- Pathology Department, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Yvrick Zagar
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France
| | - Stephen P Robertson
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Quentin Welniarz
- INSERM U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, UMR S1127, CIC-1422, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de Biologie Paris Seine, Neuroscience Paris Seine, Paris, France
| | - R J MacKinlay Gardner
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Cécile Gallea
- INSERM U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, UMR S1127, CIC-1422, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), Paris, France
| | - Myriam Srour
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, and.,Department of Paediatrics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Christel Depienne
- INSERM U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, UMR S1127, CIC-1422, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), Paris, France.,Institut de Génétique et de Biologie moléculaire et cellulaire (IGBMC), CNRS UMR 7104, INSERM U964, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France.,Laboratoires de génétique, Institut de génétique médicale d'Alsace, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Christine L Jasoni
- Department of Anatomy, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Caroline Dubacq
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de Biologie Paris Seine, Neuroscience Paris Seine, Paris, France
| | - Florence Riant
- AP-HP, Groupe hospitalier Lariboisière-Fernand Widal, Laboratoire de Génétique, Paris, France.,INSERM, UMR S740, Université Paris 7 Denis Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Charles Lamy
- INSERM U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, UMR S1127, CIC-1422, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), Paris, France
| | - Marie-Pierre Morel
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de Biologie Paris Seine, Neuroscience Paris Seine, Paris, France
| | - Raphael Guérois
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Université Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Jessica Andreani
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Université Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Coralie Fouquet
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de Biologie Paris Seine, Neuroscience Paris Seine, Paris, France
| | - Mohamed Doulazmi
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de Biologie Paris Seine, Adaptation Biologique et Vieillissement, Paris, France
| | - Marie Vidailhet
- INSERM U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, UMR S1127, CIC-1422, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), Paris, France.,AP-HP, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Département de Neurologie, Paris, France
| | - Guy A Rouleau
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, and.,Montreal Neurological Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Alexis Brice
- INSERM U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, UMR S1127, CIC-1422, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), Paris, France.,AP-HP, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Fédération de Génétique, Département de Génétique et de Cytogénétique, Paris, France
| | - Alain Chédotal
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Dusart
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de Biologie Paris Seine, Neuroscience Paris Seine, Paris, France
| | - Emmanuel Roze
- INSERM U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, UMR S1127, CIC-1422, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), Paris, France.,AP-HP, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Département de Neurologie, Paris, France
| | - David Markie
- Pathology Department, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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22
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Seigneur E, Südhof TC. Cerebellins are differentially expressed in selective subsets of neurons throughout the brain. J Comp Neurol 2017; 525:3286-3311. [PMID: 28714144 DOI: 10.1002/cne.24278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Revised: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cerebellins are secreted hexameric proteins that form tripartite complexes with the presynaptic cell-adhesion molecules neurexins or 'deleted-in-colorectal-cancer', and the postsynaptic glutamate-receptor-related proteins GluD1 and GluD2. These tripartite complexes are thought to regulate synapses. However, cerebellins are expressed in multiple isoforms whose relative distributions and overall functions are not understood. Three of the four cerebellins, Cbln1, Cbln2, and Cbln4, autonomously assemble into homohexamers, whereas the Cbln3 requires Cbln1 for assembly and secretion. Here, we show that Cbln1, Cbln2, and Cbln4 are abundantly expressed in nearly all brain regions, but exhibit strikingly different expression patterns and developmental dynamics. Using newly generated knockin reporter mice for Cbln2 and Cbln4, we find that Cbln2 and Cbln4 are not universally expressed in all neurons, but only in specific subsets of neurons. For example, Cbln2 and Cbln4 are broadly expressed in largely non-overlapping subpopulations of excitatory cortical neurons, but only sparse expression was observed in excitatory hippocampal neurons of the CA1- or CA3-region. Similarly, Cbln2 and Cbln4 are selectively expressed, respectively, in inhibitory interneurons and excitatory mitral projection neurons of the main olfactory bulb; here, these two classes of neurons form dendrodendritic reciprocal synapses with each other. A few brain regions, such as the nucleus of the lateral olfactory tract, exhibit astoundingly high Cbln2 expression levels. Viewed together, our data show that cerebellins are abundantly expressed in relatively small subsets of neurons, suggesting specific roles restricted to subsets of synapses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica Seigneur
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Physiology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University Medical School, Stanford, California
| | - Thomas C Südhof
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Physiology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University Medical School, Stanford, California
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23
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Haro E, Watson BA, Feenstra JM, Tegeler L, Pira CU, Mohan S, Oberg KC. Lmx1b-targeted cis-regulatory modules involved in limb dorsalization. Development 2017; 144:2009-2020. [DOI: 10.1242/dev.146332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Lmx1b is a homeodomain transcription factor responsible for limb dorsalization. Despite striking double-ventral (loss-of-function) and double-dorsal (gain-of-function) limb phenotypes, no direct gene targets in the limb have been confirmed. To determine direct targets, we performed a chromatin immunoprecipitation against Lmx1b at E12.5 followed by next generation sequencing (ChIP-seq). Nearly 84% (n=617) of the Lmx1b-bound genomic intervals (LBIs) identified overlap with chromatin regulatory marks indicative of potential cis-regulatory modules (PCRMs). In addition, 73 LBIs mapped to known CRMs active during limb development. We compared Lmx1b-bound PCRMs to genes differentially expressed by Lmx1b and found 292 PCRMs within 1 Mb of 254 Lmx1b-regulated genes. Gene ontologic analysis suggests that Lmx1b targets extracellular matrix production, bone/joint formation, axonal guidance, vascular development, cell proliferation and cell movement. We validated the functional activity of a PCRM associated with joint-related Gdf5 that provides a mechanism for Lmx1b-mediated joint modification and a PCRM associated with Lmx1b that suggests a role in autoregulation. This is the first report to describe genome-wide Lmx1b binding during limb development, directly linking Lmx1b to targets that accomplish limb dorsalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Endika Haro
- Department of Pathology and Human Anatomy, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Billy A. Watson
- Department of Pathology and Human Anatomy, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Jennifer M. Feenstra
- Department of Pathology and Human Anatomy, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Luke Tegeler
- Department of Pathology and Human Anatomy, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Charmaine U. Pira
- Department of Pathology and Human Anatomy, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Subburaman Mohan
- Musculoskeletal Disease Center, Loma Linda VA HealthCare System, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Kerby C. Oberg
- Department of Pathology and Human Anatomy, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
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24
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Lagali PS, Medina CF, Zhao BYH, Yan K, Baker AN, Coupland SG, Tsilfidis C, Wallace VA, Picketts DJ. Retinal interneuron survival requires non-cell-autonomous Atrx activity. Hum Mol Genet 2016; 25:4787-4803. [PMID: 28173139 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddw306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Revised: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
ATRX is a chromatin remodeling protein that is mutated in several intellectual disability disorders including alpha-thalassemia/mental retardation, X-linked (ATR-X) syndrome. We previously reported the prevalence of ophthalmological defects in ATR-X syndrome patients, and accordingly we find morphological and functional visual abnormalities in a mouse model harboring a mutation occurring in ATR-X patients. The visual system abnormalities observed in these mice parallels the Atrx-null retinal phenotype characterized by interneuron defects and selective loss of amacrine and horizontal cells. The mechanisms that underlie selective neuronal vulnerability and neurodegeneration in the central nervous system upon Atrx mutation or deletion are unknown. To interrogate the cellular specificity of Atrx for its retinal neuroprotective functions, we employed a combination of temporal and lineage-restricted conditional ablation strategies to generate five different conditional knockout mouse models, and subsequently identified a non-cell-autonomous requirement for Atrx in bipolar cells for inhibitory interneuron survival in the retina. Atrx-deficient retinal bipolar cells exhibit functional, structural and molecular alterations consistent with impairments in neuronal activity and connectivity. Gene expression changes in the Atrx-null retina indicate defective synaptic structure and neuronal circuitry, suggest excitotoxic mechanisms of neurodegeneration, and demonstrate that common targets of ATRX in the forebrain and retina may contribute to similar neuropathological processes underlying cognitive impairment and visual dysfunction in ATR-X syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela S Lagali
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada
| | - Chantal F Medina
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada
| | - Brandon Y H Zhao
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada
| | - Keqin Yan
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada
| | - Adam N Baker
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada
| | - Stuart G Coupland
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada.,Department of Ophthalmology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada,,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Catherine Tsilfidis
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada.,Department of Ophthalmology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada,,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Valerie A Wallace
- Vision Research Division, Krembil Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5T 2S8,,Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 3A9, Canada
| | - David J Picketts
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada,,Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
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25
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Morales D, Kania A. Cooperation and crosstalk in axon guidance cue integration: Additivity, synergy, and fine-tuning in combinatorial signaling. Dev Neurobiol 2016; 77:891-904. [PMID: 27739221 DOI: 10.1002/dneu.22463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Revised: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Neural circuit development involves the coordinated growth and guidance of axons to their targets. Following the identification of many guidance cue molecules, recent experiments have focused on the interactions of their signaling cascades, which can be generally classified as additive or non-additive depending on the signal convergence point. While additive (parallel) signaling suggests limited molecular interaction between the pathways, non-additive signaling involves crosstalk between pathways and includes more complex synergistic, hierarchical, and permissive guidance cue relationships. Here the authors have attempted to classify recent studies that describe axon guidance signal integration according to these divisions. They also discuss the mechanistic implications of such interactions, as well as general ideas relating signal integration to the generation of diversity of axon guidance responses. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 77: 891-904, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Morales
- Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montréal, Quebec, H2W 1R7, Canada.,Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Artur Kania
- Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montréal, Quebec, H2W 1R7, Canada.,Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, H3A 2B4, Canada.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, H3A 2B2, Canada.,Department of Biology, Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, H3A 2B2, Canada.,Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, H3C 3J7, Canada
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26
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Genome-Wide Association Analysis Identifies Dcc as an Essential Factor in the Innervation of the Peripheral Vestibular System in Inbred Mice. J Assoc Res Otolaryngol 2016; 17:417-31. [PMID: 27539716 DOI: 10.1007/s10162-016-0578-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the genetic causes of vestibular dysfunction. We used vestibular sensory-evoked potentials (VsEPs) to characterize the vestibular function of 35 inbred mouse strains selected from the Hybrid Mouse Diversity Panel and demonstrated strain-dependent phenotypic variation in vestibular function. Using these phenotypic data, we performed the first genome-wide association study controlling for population structure that has revealed two highly suggestive loci, one of which lies within a haplotype block containing five genes (Stard6, 4930503L19Rik, Poli, Mbd2, Dcc) on Chr. 18 (peak SNP rs29632020), one gene, deleted in colorectal carcinoma (Dcc) has a well-established role in nervous system development. An in-depth analysis of Dcc-deficient mice demonstrated elevation in mean VsEP threshold for Dcc (+/-) mice (-11.86 dB) compared to wild-type (-9.68 dB) littermates. Synaptic ribbon studies revealed Dcc (-/-) (P0) and Dcc (+/-) (6-week-old) mice showed lower density of the presynaptic marker (CtBP2) as compared to wild-type controls. Vestibular ganglion cell counts of Dcc (-/-) (P0) was lower than controls. Whole-mount preparations showed abnormal innervation of the utricle, saccule, and crista ampullaris at E14.5, E16.5, and E18.5. Postnatal studies were limited by the perinatal lethality in Dcc (-/-) mice. Expression analyses using in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry showed Dcc expression in the mouse vestibular ganglion (E15.5), and utricle and crista ampullaris (6-week-old), respectively. In summary, we report the first GWAS for vestibular functional variation in inbred mice and provide evidence for the role of Dcc in the normal innervation of the peripheral vestibular system.
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27
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Yeh FL, Wang Y, Tom I, Gonzalez LC, Sheng M. TREM2 Binds to Apolipoproteins, Including APOE and CLU/APOJ, and Thereby Facilitates Uptake of Amyloid-Beta by Microglia. Neuron 2016; 91:328-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2016.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 466] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Revised: 05/14/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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28
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Poliak S, Norovich AL, Yamagata M, Sanes JR, Jessell TM. Muscle-type Identity of Proprioceptors Specified by Spatially Restricted Signals from Limb Mesenchyme. Cell 2016; 164:512-25. [PMID: 26824659 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2015.12.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2015] [Revised: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The selectivity with which proprioceptive sensory neurons innervate their central and peripheral targets implies that they exhibit distinctions in muscle-type identity. The molecular correlates of proprioceptor identity and its origins remain largely unknown, however. In screens to define muscle-type proprioceptor character, we find all-or-none differences in gene expression for proprioceptors that control antagonistic muscles at a single hindlimb joint. Analysis of three of these genes, cadherin13 (cdh13), semaphorin5a (sema5a), and cartilage-acidic protein-1 (crtac1), reveals expression in proprioceptor subsets that supply muscle groups located at restricted dorsoventral and proximodistal domains of the limb. Genetically altering the dorsoventral character of the limb mesenchyme elicits a change in the profile of proprioceptor cdh13, sema5a, and crtac1 expression. These findings indicate that proprioceptors acquire aspects of their muscle-type identity in response to mesenchymal signals expressed in restricted proximodistal and dorsoventral domains of the developing limb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Poliak
- Department of Neuroscience, Biochemistry, and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Amy L Norovich
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Masahito Yamagata
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Joshua R Sanes
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Thomas M Jessell
- Department of Neuroscience, Biochemistry, and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Kavli Institute for Brain Science, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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29
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Schulten HJ, Hussein D, Al-Adwani F, Karim S, Al-Maghrabi J, Al-Sharif M, Jamal A, Al-Ghamdi F, Baeesa SS, Bangash M, Chaudhary A, Al-Qahtani M. Microarray Expression Data Identify DCC as a Candidate Gene for Early Meningioma Progression. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0153681. [PMID: 27096627 PMCID: PMC4838307 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0153681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Meningiomas are the most common primary brain tumors bearing in a minority of cases an aggressive phenotype. Although meningiomas are stratified according to their histology and clinical behavior, the underlying molecular genetics predicting aggressiveness are not thoroughly understood. We performed whole transcript expression profiling in 10 grade I and four grade II meningiomas, three of which invaded the brain. Microarray expression analysis identified deleted in colorectal cancer (DCC) as a differentially expressed gene (DEG) enabling us to cluster meningiomas into DCC low expression (3 grade I and 3 grade II tumors), DCC medium expression (2 grade I and 1 grade II tumors), and DCC high expression (5 grade I tumors) groups. Comparison between the DCC low expression and DCC high expression groups resulted in 416 DEGs (p-value < 0.05; fold change > 2). The most significantly downregulated genes in the DCC low expression group comprised DCC, phosphodiesterase 1C (PDE1C), calmodulin-dependent 70kDa olfactomedin 2 (OLFM2), glutathione S-transferase mu 5 (GSTM5), phosphotyrosine interaction domain containing 1 (PID1), sema domain, transmembrane domain (TM) and cytoplasmic domain, (semaphorin) 6D (SEMA6D), and indolethylamine N-methyltransferase (INMT). The most significantly upregulated genes comprised chromosome 5 open reading frame 63 (C5orf63), homeodomain interacting protein kinase 2 (HIPK2), and basic helix-loop-helix family, member e40 (BHLHE40). Biofunctional analysis identified as predicted top upstream regulators beta-estradiol, TGFB1, Tgf beta complex, LY294002, and dexamethasone and as predicted top regulator effectors NFkB, PIK3R1, and CREBBP. The microarray expression data served also for a comparison between meningiomas from female and male patients and for a comparison between brain invasive and non-invasive meningiomas resulting in a number of significant DEGs and related biofunctions. In conclusion, based on its expression levels, DCC may constitute a valid biomarker to identify those benign meningiomas at risk for progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans-Juergen Schulten
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- KACST Technology Innovation Center in Personalized Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- * E-mail:
| | - Deema Hussein
- King Fahad Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fatima Al-Adwani
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Biology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sajjad Karim
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- KACST Technology Innovation Center in Personalized Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jaudah Al-Maghrabi
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pathology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mona Al-Sharif
- Department of Biology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Awatif Jamal
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad Al-Ghamdi
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh S. Baeesa
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Bangash
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adeel Chaudhary
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- KACST Technology Innovation Center in Personalized Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Al-Qahtani
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- KACST Technology Innovation Center in Personalized Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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30
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Dcc Mediates Functional Assembly of Peripheral Auditory Circuits. Sci Rep 2016; 6:23799. [PMID: 27040640 PMCID: PMC4819185 DOI: 10.1038/srep23799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Proper structural organization of spiral ganglion (SG) innervation is crucial for normal hearing function. However, molecular mechanisms underlying the developmental formation of this precise organization remain not well understood. Here, we report in the developing mouse cochlea that deleted in colorectal cancer (Dcc) contributes to the proper organization of spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs) within the Rosenthal's canal and of SGN projections toward both the peripheral and central auditory targets. In Dcc mutant embryos, mispositioning of SGNs occurred along the peripheral auditory pathway with misrouted afferent fibers and reduced synaptic contacts with hair cells. The central auditory pathway simultaneously exhibited similar defective phenotypes as in the periphery with abnormal exit of SGNs from the Rosenthal's canal towards central nuclei. Furthermore, the axons of SGNs ascending into the cochlear nucleus had disrupted bifurcation patterns. Thus, Dcc is necessary for establishing the proper spatial organization of SGNs and their fibers in both peripheral and central auditory pathways, through controlling axon targeting and cell migration. Our results suggest that Dcc plays an important role in the developmental formation of peripheral and central auditory circuits, and its mutation may contribute to sensorineural hearing loss.
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31
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Jaworski A, Tom I, Tong RK, Gildea HK, Koch AW, Gonzalez LC, Tessier-Lavigne M. Operational redundancy in axon guidance through the multifunctional receptor Robo3 and its ligand NELL2. Science 2015; 350:961-5. [PMID: 26586761 DOI: 10.1126/science.aad2615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2023]
Abstract
Axon pathfinding is orchestrated by numerous guidance cues, including Slits and their Robo receptors, but it remains unclear how information from multiple cues is integrated or filtered. Robo3, a Robo family member, allows commissural axons to reach and cross the spinal cord midline by antagonizing Robo1/2-mediated repulsion from midline-expressed Slits and potentiating deleted in colorectal cancer (DCC)-mediated midline attraction to Netrin-1, but without binding either Slits or Netrins. We identified a secreted Robo3 ligand, neural epidermal growth factor-like-like 2 (NELL2), which repels mouse commissural axons through Robo3 and helps steer them to the midline. These findings identify NELL2 as an axon guidance cue and establish Robo3 as a multifunctional regulator of pathfinding that simultaneously mediates NELL2 repulsion, inhibits Slit repulsion, and facilitates Netrin attraction to achieve a common guidance purpose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Jaworski
- Division of Research, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA. Laboratory of Brain Development and Repair, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA. Department of Neuroscience, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA.
| | - Irene Tom
- Department of Protein Chemistry, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Raymond K Tong
- Department of Protein Chemistry, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Holly K Gildea
- Department of Neuroscience, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Alexander W Koch
- Department of Protein Chemistry, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Lino C Gonzalez
- Department of Protein Chemistry, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Marc Tessier-Lavigne
- Division of Research, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA. Laboratory of Brain Development and Repair, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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32
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Neuhaus-Follini A, Bashaw GJ. The Intracellular Domain of the Frazzled/DCC Receptor Is a Transcription Factor Required for Commissural Axon Guidance. Neuron 2015; 87:751-63. [PMID: 26291159 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2015.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Revised: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
In commissural neurons of Drosophila, the conserved Frazzled (Fra)/Deleted in Colorectal Cancer (DCC) receptor promotes midline axon crossing by signaling locally in response to Netrin and by inducing transcription of commissureless (comm), an antagonist of Slit-Roundabout midline repulsion, through an unknown mechanism. Here, we show that Fra is cleaved to release its intracellular domain (ICD), which shuttles between the cytoplasm and the nucleus, where it functions as a transcriptional activator. Rescue and gain-of-function experiments demonstrate that the Fra ICD is sufficient to regulate comm expression and that both γ-secretase proteolysis of Fra and Fra's function as a transcriptional activator are required for its ability to regulate comm in vivo. Our data uncover an unexpected role for the Fra ICD as a transcription factor whose activity regulates the responsiveness of commissural axons at the midline and raise the possibility that nuclear signaling may be a common output of axon guidance receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Neuhaus-Follini
- Department of Neuroscience, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Greg J Bashaw
- Department of Neuroscience, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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33
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Bin J, Han D, Lai Wing Sun K, Croteau LP, Dumontier E, Cloutier JF, Kania A, Kennedy T. Complete Loss of Netrin-1 Results in Embryonic Lethality and Severe Axon Guidance Defects without Increased Neural Cell Death. Cell Rep 2015; 12:1099-106. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2015.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Revised: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 07/14/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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34
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A Floor-Plate Extracellular Protein-Protein Interaction Screen Identifies Draxin as a Secreted Netrin-1 Antagonist. Cell Rep 2015; 12:694-708. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2015.06.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Revised: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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35
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Lane C, Qi J, Fawcett JP. NCK is critical for the development of deleted in colorectal cancer (DCC) sensitive spinal circuits. J Neurochem 2015; 134:1008-14. [PMID: 25913325 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2015] [Revised: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
As our understanding of motor circuit function increases, our need to understand how circuits form to ensure proper function becomes increasingly important. Recently, deleted in colorectal cancer (DCC) has been shown to be important in the development of spinal circuits necessary for gait. Importantly, humans with mutation in DCC show mirror movement disorders pointing to the significance of DCC in the development of spinal circuits for coordinated movement. Although DCC binds a number of ligands, the intracellular signaling cascade leading to the aberrant spinal circuits remains unknown. Here, we show that the non-catalytic region of tyrosine kinase adaptor (NCK) proteins 1 and 2 are distributed in the developing spinal cord. Using dissociated dorsal spinal neuron cultures we show that NCK proteins are necessary for the outgrowth and growth cone architecture of DCC(+ve) dorsal spinal neurons. Consistent with a role for NCK in DCC signaling, we show that loss of NCK proteins leads to a reduction in the thickness of TAG1(+ve) commissural bundles in the floor plate and loss of DCC mRNA in vivo. We suggest that DCC signaling functions through NCK1 and NCK2 and that both proteins are necessary for the establishment of normal spinal circuits necessary for gait. Reduction in NCK proteins in the developing CNS leads to a reduction in TAG1(+ve) commissural tract thickness, a reduction in growth cone complexity of DCC(+ve) spinal interneurons, and a reduction in DCC mRNA. These are consistent with an in vivo role for NCK in the development of critical DCC spinal circuits, and may be important for the normal development of spinal circuits critical for walking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciaran Lane
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - Jiansong Qi
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - James P Fawcett
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada.,Department of Surgery, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
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Signaling mechanism of the netrin-1 receptor DCC in axon guidance. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2015; 118:153-60. [PMID: 25881791 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2015.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Revised: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 04/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
DCC (Deleted in Colorectal Cancer) is a single-pass transmembrane protein that belongs to the immunoglobulin superfamily. It was originally identified as a prognostic tumor marker and then subsequently found to be a receptor for netrin-1. DCC plays a key role in axon guidance and also in a number of other important cellular processes. This review describes the current progress of the structural biology of DCC with an emphasis on how DCC is involved in the dual functionality of netrin-1 as a chemo-attractant as well as a repellent in axon guidance, referred to as bi-functionality. A perspective about other DCC ligands and the signaling mechanism of the cytoplasmic tail of DCC is also recapitulated.
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Chacón PJ, del Marco Á, Arévalo Á, Domínguez-Giménez P, García-Segura LM, Rodríguez-Tébar A. Cerebellin 4, a synaptic protein, enhances inhibitory activity and resistance of neurons to amyloid-β toxicity. Neurobiol Aging 2015; 36:1057-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2014.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2014] [Revised: 10/29/2014] [Accepted: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Tao YF, Xu LX, Lu J, Hu SY, Fang F, Cao L, Xiao PF, Du XJ, Sun LC, Li ZH, Wang NN, Su GH, Li YH, Li G, Zhao H, Li YP, Xu YY, Zhou HT, Wu Y, Jin MF, Liu L, Zhu XM, Ni J, Wang J, Xing F, Zhao WL, Pan J. Early B-cell factor 3 (EBF3) is a novel tumor suppressor gene with promoter hypermethylation in pediatric acute myeloid leukemia. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2015; 34:4. [PMID: 25609158 PMCID: PMC4311429 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-014-0118-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2014] [Accepted: 11/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Background Pediatric acute myeloid leukemia (AML) comprises up to 20% of all childhood leukemia. Recent research shows that aberrant DNA methylation patterning may play a role in leukemogenesis. The epigenetic silencing of the EBF3 locus is very frequent in glioblastoma. However, the expression profiles and molecular function of EBF3 in pediatric AML is still unclear. Methods Twelve human acute leukemia cell lines, 105 pediatric AML samples and 30 normal bone marrow/idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (NBM/ITP) control samples were analyzed. Transcriptional level of EBF3 was evaluated by semi-quantitative and real-time PCR. EBF3 methylation status was determined by methylation specific PCR (MSP) and bisulfite genomic sequencing (BGS). The molecular mechanism of EBF3 was investigated by apoptosis assays and PCR array analysis. Results EBF3 promoter was hypermethylated in 10/12 leukemia cell lines. Aberrant EBF3 methylation was observed in 42.9% (45/105) of the pediatric AML samples using MSP analysis, and the BGS results confirmed promoter methylation. EBF3 expression was decreased in the AML samples compared with control. Methylated samples revealed similar survival outcomes by Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. EBF3 overexpression significantly inhibited cell proliferation and increased apoptosis. Real-time PCR array analysis revealed 93 dysregulated genes possibly implicated in the apoptosis of EBF3-induced AML cells. Conclusion In this study, we firstly identified epigenetic inactivation of EBF3 in both AML cell lines and pediatric AML samples for the first time. Our findings also showed for the first time that transcriptional overexpression of EBF3 could inhibit proliferation and induce apoptosis in AML cells. We identified 93 dysregulated apoptosis-related genes in EBF3-overexpressing, including DCC, AIFM2 and DAPK1. Most of these genes have never been related with EBF3 over expression. These results may provide new insights into the molecular mechanism of EBF3-induced apoptosis; however, further research will be required to determine the underlying details. Our findings suggest that EBF3 may act as a putative tumor suppressor gene in pediatric AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Fang Tao
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
| | - Li-Xiao Xu
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
| | - Jun Lu
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
| | - Shao-Yan Hu
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
| | - Fang Fang
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
| | - Lan Cao
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
| | - Pei-Fang Xiao
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
| | - Xiao-Juan Du
- Department of Gastroenterology, the 5th Hospital of Chinese PLA, Yin chuan, China.
| | - Li-Chao Sun
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Cancer Institute (Hospital), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
| | - Zhi-Heng Li
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
| | - Na-Na Wang
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
| | - Guang-Hao Su
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
| | - Yan-Hong Li
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
| | - He Zhao
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
| | - Yi-Ping Li
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
| | - Yun-Yun Xu
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
| | - Hui-Ting Zhou
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
| | - Yi Wu
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
| | - Mei-Fang Jin
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
| | - Lin Liu
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
| | - Xue-Ming Zhu
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
| | - Jian Ni
- Translational Research Center, Second Hospital, The Second Clinical School, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
| | - Feng Xing
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
| | - Wen-Li Zhao
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
| | - Jian Pan
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
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Wang NN, Li ZH, Zhao H, Tao YF, Xu LX, Lu J, Cao L, Du XJ, Sun LC, Zhao WL, Xiao PF, Fang F, Su GH, Li YH, Li G, Li YP, Xu YY, Zhou HT, Wu Y, Jin MF, Liu L, Ni J, Wang J, Hu SY, Zhu XM, Feng X, Pan J. Molecular targeting of the oncoprotein PLK1 in pediatric acute myeloid leukemia: RO3280, a novel PLK1 inhibitor, induces apoptosis in leukemia cells. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:1266-92. [PMID: 25574601 PMCID: PMC4307303 DOI: 10.3390/ijms16011266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Accepted: 12/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) is highly expressed in many cancers and therefore a biomarker of transformation and potential target for the development of cancer-specific small molecule drugs. RO3280 was recently identified as a novel PLK1 inhibitor; however its therapeutic effects in leukemia treatment are still unknown. We found that the PLK1 protein was highly expressed in leukemia cell lines as well as 73.3% (11/15) of pediatric acute myeloid leukemia (AML) samples. PLK1 mRNA expression was significantly higher in AML samples compared with control samples (82.95 ± 110.28 vs. 6.36 ± 6.35; p < 0.001). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis revealed that shorter survival time correlated with high tumor PLK1 expression (p = 0.002). The 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) of RO3280 for acute leukemia cells was between 74 and 797 nM. The IC50 of RO3280 in primary acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) and AML cells was between 35.49 and 110.76 nM and 52.80 and 147.50 nM, respectively. RO3280 induced apoptosis and cell cycle disorder in leukemia cells. RO3280 treatment regulated several apoptosis-associated genes. The regulation of DCC, CDKN1A, BTK, and SOCS2 was verified by western blot. These results provide insights into the potential use of RO3280 for AML therapy; however, the underlying mechanisms remain to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na-Na Wang
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215003, China.
| | - Zhi-Heng Li
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215003, China.
| | - He Zhao
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215003, China.
| | - Yan-Fang Tao
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215003, China.
| | - Li-Xiao Xu
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215003, China.
| | - Jun Lu
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215003, China.
| | - Lan Cao
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215003, China.
| | - Xiao-Juan Du
- Department of Gastroenterology, the 5th Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA), Yinchuan 750000, China.
| | - Li-Chao Sun
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Cancer Institute (Hospital), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China.
| | - Wen-Li Zhao
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215003, China.
| | - Pei-Fang Xiao
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215003, China.
| | - Fang Fang
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215003, China.
| | - Guang-Hao Su
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215003, China.
| | - Yan-Hong Li
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215003, China.
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215003, China.
| | - Yi-Ping Li
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215003, China.
| | - Yun-Yun Xu
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215003, China.
| | - Hui-Ting Zhou
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215003, China.
| | - Yi Wu
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215003, China.
| | - Mei-Fang Jin
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215003, China.
| | - Lin Liu
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215003, China.
| | - Jian Ni
- Translational Research Center, Second Hospital, The Second Clinical School, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210000, China.
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215003, China.
| | - Shao-Yan Hu
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215003, China.
| | - Xue-Ming Zhu
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215003, China.
| | - Xing Feng
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215003, China.
| | - Jian Pan
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215003, China.
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Deorphanization of the human leukocyte tyrosine kinase (LTK) receptor by a signaling screen of the extracellular proteome. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:15741-5. [PMID: 25331893 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1412009111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
There are many transmembrane receptor-like proteins whose ligands have not been identified. A strategy for finding ligands when little is known about their tissue source is to screen each extracellular protein individually expressed in an array format by using a sensitive functional readout. Taking this approach, we have screened a large collection (3,191 proteins) of extracellular proteins for their ability to activate signaling of an orphan receptor, leukocyte tyrosine kinase (LTK). Only two related secreted factors, FAM150A and FAM150B (family with sequence similarity 150 member A and member B), stimulated LTK phosphorylation. FAM150A binds LTK extracellular domain with high affinity (K(D) = 28 pM). FAM150A stimulates LTK phosphorylation in a ligand-dependent manner. This strategy provides an efficient approach for identifying functional ligands for other orphan receptors.
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Chan KKM, Seetharaman A, Bagg R, Selman G, Zhang Y, Kim J, Roy PJ. EVA-1 functions as an UNC-40 Co-receptor to enhance attraction to the MADD-4 guidance cue in Caenorhabditis elegans. PLoS Genet 2014; 10:e1004521. [PMID: 25122090 PMCID: PMC4133157 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1004521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Accepted: 06/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
We recently discovered a secreted and diffusible midline cue called MADD-4 (an ADAMTSL) that guides migrations along the dorsoventral axis of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. We showed that the transmembrane receptor, UNC-40 (DCC), whose canonical ligand is the UNC-6 (netrin) guidance cue, is required for extension towards MADD-4. Here, we demonstrate that MADD-4 interacts with an EVA-1/UNC-40 co-receptor complex to attract cell extensions. EVA-1 is a conserved transmembrane protein with predicted galactose-binding lectin domains. EVA-1 functions in the same pathway as MADD-4, physically interacts with both MADD-4 and UNC-40, and enhances UNC-40's sensitivity to the MADD-4 cue. This enhancement is especially important in the presence of UNC-6. In EVA-1's absence, UNC-6 interferes with UNC-40's responsiveness to MADD-4; in UNC-6's absence, UNC-40's responsiveness to MADD-4 is less dependent on EVA-1. By enabling UNC-40 to respond to MADD-4 in the presence of UNC-6, EVA-1 may increase the precision by which UNC-40-directed processes can reach their MADD-4-expressing targets within a field of the UNC-6 guidance cue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Ka Ming Chan
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- The Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ashwin Seetharaman
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- The Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- The Collaborative Programme in Developmental Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rachel Bagg
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- The Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Guillermo Selman
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- The Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yuqian Zhang
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- The Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Joowan Kim
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Peter J. Roy
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- The Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- The Collaborative Programme in Developmental Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Guidance cue netrin-1 and the regulation of inflammation in acute and chronic kidney disease. Mediators Inflamm 2014; 2014:525891. [PMID: 24991088 PMCID: PMC4065723 DOI: 10.1155/2014/525891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2014] [Revised: 05/01/2014] [Accepted: 05/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common problem in the hospital setting and intensive care unit. Despite improved understanding, there are no effective therapies available to treat AKI. A large body of evidence strongly suggests that ischemia reperfusion injury is an inflammatory disease mediated by both adaptive and innate immune systems. Cell migration also plays an important role in embryonic development and inflammation, and this process is highly regulated to ensure tissue homeostasis. One such paradigm exists in the developing nervous system, where neuronal migration is mediated by a balance between chemoattractive and chemorepulsive signals. The ability of the guidance molecule netrin-1 to repulse or abolish attraction of neuronal cells expressing the UNC5B receptor makes it an attractive candidate for the regulation of inflammatory cell migration. Recent identification of netrin-1 as regulators of immune cell migration has led to a large number of studies looking into how netrin-1 controls inflammation and inflammatory cell migration. This review will focus on recent advances in understanding netrin-1 mediated regulation of inflammation during acute and chronic kidney disease and whether netrin-1 and its receptor activation can be used to treat acute and chronic kidney disease.
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