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Patrad E, Khalighfard S, Amiriani T, Khori V, Alizadeh AM. Molecular mechanisms underlying the action of carcinogens in gastric cancer with a glimpse into targeted therapy. Cell Oncol 2022; 45:1073-1117. [PMID: 36149600 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-022-00715-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastric cancer imposes a substantial global health burden despite its overall incidence decrease. A broad spectrum of inherited, environmental and infectious factors contributes to the development of gastric cancer. A profound understanding of the molecular underpinnings of gastric cancer has lagged compared to several other tumors with similar incidence and morbidity rates, owing to our limited knowledge of the role of carcinogens in this malignancy. The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) has classified gastric carcinogenic agents into four groups based on scientific evidence from human and experimental animal studies. This review aims to explore the potential comprehensive molecular and biological impacts of carcinogens on gastric cancer development and their interactions and interferences with various cellular signaling pathways. CONCLUSIONS In this review, we highlight recent clinical trial data reported in the literature dealing with different ways to target various carcinogens in gastric cancer. Moreover, we touch upon other multidisciplinary therapeutic approaches such as surgery, adjuvant and neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Rational clinical trials focusing on identifying suitable patient populations are imperative to the success of single-agent therapeutics. Novel insights regarding signaling pathways that regulate gastric cancer can potentially improve treatment responses to targeted therapy alone or in combination with other/conventional treatments. Preventive strategies such as control of H. pylori infection through eradication or immunization as well as dietary habit and lifestyle changes may reduce the incidence of this multifactorial disease, especially in high prevalence areas. Further in-depth understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in the role of carcinogenic agents in gastric cancer development may offer valuable information and update state-of-the-art resources for physicians and researchers to explore novel ways to combat this disease, from bench to bedside. A schematic outlining of the interaction between gastric carcinogenic agents and intracellular pathways in gastric cancer H. pylori stimulates multiple intracellular pathways, including PI3K/AKT, NF-κB, Wnt, Shh, Ras/Raf, c-MET, and JAK/STAT, leading to epithelial cell proliferation and differentiation, apoptosis, survival, motility, and inflammatory cytokine release. EBV can stimulate intracellular pathways such as the PI3K/Akt, RAS/RAF, JAK/STAT, Notch, TGF-β, and NF-κB, leading to cell survival and motility, proliferation, invasion, metastasis, and the transcription of anti-apoptotic genes and pro-inflammatory cytokines. Nicotine and alcohol can lead to angiogenesis, metastasis, survival, proliferation, pro-inflammatory, migration, and chemotactic by stimulating various intracellular signaling pathways such as PI3K/AKT, NF-κB, Ras/Raf, ROS, and JAK/STAT. Processed meat contains numerous carcinogenic compounds that affect multiple intracellular pathways such as sGC/cGMP, p38 MAPK, ERK, and PI3K/AKT, leading to anti-apoptosis, angiogenesis, metastasis, inflammatory responses, proliferation, and invasion. Lead compounds may interact with multiple signaling pathways such as PI3K/AKT, NF-κB, Ras/Raf, DNA methylation-dependent, and epigenetic-dependent, leading to tumorigenesis, carcinogenesis, malignancy, angiogenesis, DNA hypermethylation, cell survival, and cell proliferation. Stimulating signaling pathways such as PI3K/Akt, RAS/RAF, JAK/STAT, WNT, TGF-β, EGF, FGFR2, and E-cadherin through UV ionizing radiation leads to cell survival, proliferation, and immortalization in gastric cancer. The consequence of PI3K/AKT, NF-κB, Ras/Raf, ROS, JAK/STAT, and WNT signaling stimulation by the carcinogenic component of Pickled vegetables and salted fish is the Warburg effect, tumorigenesis, angiogenesis, proliferation, inflammatory response, and migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Patrad
- Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Solmaz Khalighfard
- Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Taghi Amiriani
- Ischemic Disorders Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Vahid Khori
- Ischemic Disorders Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Ali Mohammad Alizadeh
- Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Breast Disease Research Center, Cancer Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Retraction: ALDH2 and ADH1 Genetic Polymorphisms May Contribute to the Risk of Gastric Cancer: A Meta-Analysis. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0270613. [PMID: 35737686 PMCID: PMC9223327 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0270613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
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An advanced network pharmacology study to explore the novel molecular mechanism of Compound Kushen Injection for treating hepatocellular carcinoma by bioinformatics and experimental verification. BMC Complement Med Ther 2022; 22:54. [PMID: 35236335 PMCID: PMC8892752 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-022-03530-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Compound Kushen Injection (CKI) is a Chinese patent drug that exerts curative effects in the clinical treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This study aimed to explore the targets and potential pharmacological mechanisms of CKI in the treatment of HCC. Methods In this study, network pharmacology was used in combination with molecular biology experiments to predict and verify the molecular mechanism of CKI in the treatment of HCC. The constituents of CKI were identified by UHPLC-MS/MS and literature search. The targets corresponding to these compounds and the targets related to HCC were collected based on public databases. To screen out the potential hub targets of CKI in the treatment of HCC, a compound-HCC target network was constructed. The underlying pharmacological mechanism was explored through the subsequent enrichment analysis. Interactive Gene Expression Profiling Analysis and Kaplan-Meier plotter were used to examine the expression and prognostic value of hub genes. Furthermore, the effects of CKI on HCC were verified through molecular docking simulations and cell experiments in vitro. Results Network analysis revealed that BCHE, SRD5A2, EPHX2, ADH1C, ADH1A and CDK1 were the key targets of CKI in the treatment of HCC. Among them, only CDK1 was highly expressed in HCC tissues, while the other 5 targets were lowly expressed. Furthermore, the six hub genes were all closely related to the prognosis of HCC patients in survival analysis. Molecular docking revealed that there was an efficient binding potential between the constituents of CKI and BCHE. Experiments in vitro proved that CKI inhibited the proliferation of HepG2 cells and up-regulated SRD5A2 and ADH1A, while down-regulated CDK1 and EPHX2. Conclusions This study revealed and verified the targets of CKI on HCC based on network pharmacology and experiments and provided a scientific reference for further mechanism research. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12906-022-03530-3.
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Huang HY, Lau HC, Ji MY, Hsueh CY, Zhang M. Association Between Alcohol Dehydrogenase Polymorphisms and the Recurrence of Laryngeal Carcinoma. Laryngoscope 2022; 132:2169-2176. [PMID: 35218021 DOI: 10.1002/lary.30083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Alcohol consumption is closely associated with prognosis for laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) patients. As key enzymes in ethanol metabolism, proteins in the alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) family make for valuable targets to establish a novel predictive nomogram model. This study attempts to do so by focusing on the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of ADH1B and ADH1C in LSCC. METHODS Sixty eight LSCC patients that were followed up for more than 10 years were retrospectively analyzed. Endpoints of the current study included disease-free survival and overall survival. Survival analyses were performed using the Kaplan-Meier method and evaluated by log-rank test. The prognostic value of eight ADH1B SNPs and three ADH1C SNPs were evaluated using univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses. A nomogram model for disease-free survival was established and evaluated using the receiver operating characteristic curve, the C-index, and a calibration plot. RESULTS Significant association was exhibited between rs17033 (p < 0.001) and rs1229984 (p = 0.002) with an increase in LSCC recurrence rate on Kaplan-Meier curves. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that the rs17033 polymorphism of ADH1B was independently associated with an increased risk of LSCC recurrence (HR = 3.325, 95% CI = 1.684-6.566, p = 0.001). Based on these findings, a prognostic nomogram of LSCC patients involving ADH1B rs17033 was constructed. CONCLUSION This study has demonstrated an independent association between ADH1B gene variants and the recurrence of LSCC. A nomogram model based on rs17033 of ADH1B, age, T, and N stages were successfully developed for the first time to predict the probability of recurrence in LSCC patients. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE III Retrospective cohort study Laryngoscope, 2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Ying Huang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui-Ching Lau
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng-You Ji
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Chi-Yao Hsueh
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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Joo Kang S, Shin CM, Sung J, Kim N. Association Between ALDH2 Polymorphism and Gastric Cancer Risk in Terms of Alcohol Consumption: A Meta-Analysis. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2020; 45:6-14. [PMID: 33170513 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol may increase gastric cancer risk. Alcohol can be more carcinogenic in persons who possess inactive ALDH2. The aim of this meta-analysis was to evaluate whether ALDH2 polymorphism can affect alcohol-induced gastric carcinogenesis. METHODS We searched the PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases to identify relevant articles published between January 2000 and September 2019. Eligible articles were selected according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. The data were analyzed using Review Manager 5.3. RESULTS A total of 7 case-control studies on ALDH2 rs671 polymorphism consisting of 3,251 gastric cancer cases and 4,943 controls were included in the analysis. Inactive ALDH2 genotypes (G/A or A/A) were associated with an increased risk of gastric cancer (odds ratio [OR] = 1.26, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.04 to 1.52, p = 0.02, I2 = 64%), compared with active ALDH2 (G/G genotype). Subgroup analysis by alcohol consumption showed that inactive ALDH2 increased risk for gastric cancer in moderate to heavy drinkers (OR = 1.85, 95% CI: 1.52 to 2.25, p < 0.01, I2 = 6%) more than in nondrinkers or mild drinkers (OR = 1.19; 95% CI: 1.05 to 1.36, p < 0.01, I2 = 6%). Moderate/heavy alcohol consumption increased gastric cancer risk in individuals with inactive ALDH2 (OR = 2.23, 95% CI: 1.63 to 3.05, p < 0.01, I2 = 30%) more than those with active ALDH2 (OR = 1.40, 95% CI: 0.98 to 2.01, p = 0.07, I2 = 85%). CONCLUSIONS The ALDH2 polymorphism modifies the risk of gastric cancer. Moderate/heavy drinkers are more susceptible to gastric cancer than non-drinkers or light drinkers with inactive ALDH2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Joo Kang
- From the, Department of Internal Medicine, (SJK), Seoul National University Hospital Healthcare System Gangnam Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Cheol Min Shin
- Department of Internal Medicine, (CMS, NK), Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoungnam, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Joohon Sung
- School of Public Health and Institute of Health and Environment, (JS), Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Nayoung Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, (CMS, NK), Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoungnam, Gyeonggi-do, Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, (NK), Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Govind P, Pavethynath S, Sawabe M, Arai T, Muramatsu M. Association between rs1229984 in ADH1B and cancer prevalence in a Japanese population. Mol Clin Oncol 2020; 12:503-510. [PMID: 32337031 PMCID: PMC7179391 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2020.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcohol consumption is an established risk factor for cancer, but little is known regarding the effect of genetic polymorphisms in alcohol metabolism genes on alcohol-related cancer risk in the Japanese population. Associations between the ADH1B gene (alcohol dehydrogenase 1B), single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs1229984 and cancer have been extensively studied yet evidence is inconsistent. This population-based case-control study primarily aimed to clarify any association between SNP rs1229984 in both overall and specific cancer risk in a Japanese population. The functional non-synonymous SNP rs1229984 (Arg48His) was genotyped using DNA samples from 1,359 consecutive autopsy cases registered in The Japanese Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms for Geriatric Research database. Medical and pathological record data from this database were used to categorise cases and controls. Results included 1,359 participants, 816 cases and 543 controls. Multinomial logistic regression analyses showed no significant association between rs1229984 presence and overall cancer risk in both dominant and recessive genetic inheritance models [Arg/Arg+Arg/His vs. His/His: Adjusted odds ratio (OR)=0.66 (95% CI=0.39-1.13; P=0.129), Arg/Arg vs. Arg/His+His/His: OR=0.95 (95% CI=0.75-1.20; P=0.657)]. However, results showed those homozygous for rs1229984 (genotype His/His) were at significantly decreased odds of lung cancer than other genotypes [recessive model: OR=0.64 (95% CI=0.44-0.93; P=0.020]. In conclusion, there was no significant association between rs1229984 and odds of overall or specific cancers except in lung cancer where His/His genotype decreased odds. To the best of our knowledge, the association between His/His and decreased odds of lung cancer is a novel finding. These findings require further validation in larger studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallavi Govind
- Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Shilpa Pavethynath
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Motoji Sawabe
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Tomio Arai
- Department of Pathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital and Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan
| | - Masaaki Muramatsu
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
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Cornelis MC. Genetic determinants of beverage consumption: Implications for nutrition and health. ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 2019; 89:1-52. [PMID: 31351524 PMCID: PMC7047661 DOI: 10.1016/bs.afnr.2019.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Beverages make important contributions to nutritional intake and their role in health has received much attention. This review focuses on the genetic determinants of common beverage consumption and how research in this field is contributing insight to what and how much we consume and why this genetic knowledge matters from a research and public health perspective. The earliest efforts in gene-beverage behavior mapping involved genetic linkage and candidate gene analysis but these approaches have been largely replaced by genome-wide association studies (GWAS). GWAS have identified biologically plausible loci underlying alcohol and coffee drinking behavior. No GWAS has identified variants specifically associated with consumption of tea, juice, soda, wine, beer, milk or any other common beverage. Thus far, GWAS highlight an important behavior-reward component (as opposed to taste) to beverage consumption which may serve as a potential barrier to dietary interventions. Loci identified have been used in Mendelian randomization and gene×beverage interaction analysis of disease but results have been mixed. This research is necessary as it informs the clinical relevance of SNP-beverage associations and thus genotype-based personalized nutrition, which is gaining interest in the commercial and public health sectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilyn C Cornelis
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States.
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Association of ADH1B Arg47His polymorphism with the risk of cancer: a meta-analysis. Biosci Rep 2019; 39:BSR20181915. [PMID: 30872408 PMCID: PMC6443950 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20181915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 03/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Alcohol consumption has been established to be a major factor in the development and progress of cancer. Genetic polymorphisms of alcohol-metabolism genes result in differences between individuals in exposure to acetaldehyde, leading to possible carcinogenic effects. Arg47His (rs1229984 G > A) in ADH1B have been frequently studied for its potential effect on carcinogenesis. However, the findings are as yet inconclusive. To gain a more precise estimate of this potential association, we conducted a meta-analysis including 66 studies from 64 articles with 31999 cases and 50964 controls. The pooled results indicated that ADH1B Arg47His polymorphism is significantly associated with the decreased risk of overall cancer (homozygous model, odds ratio (OR) = 0.62, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.49–0.77; heterozygous model, OR = 0.71, 95% CI = 0.60–0.84; recessive model, OR = 0.83, 95% CI = 0.76–0.91; dominant model, OR = 0.62, 95% CI = 0.53–0.72; and allele comparison, OR = 0.82, 95% CI = 0.75–0.89). Stratified analysis by cancer type and ethnicity showed that a decreased risk was associated with esophageal cancer and head and neck cancer amongst Asians. In conclusion, our meta-analysis suggested that ADH1B Arg47His polymorphism was significantly associated with decreased overall cancer risk. These findings need further validation in large multicenter investigations.
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Zhang H, Xue L, Li B, Zhang Z, Tao S. Vitamin D Protects Against Alcohol‐Induced Liver Cell Injury Within an NRF2–ALDH2 Feedback Loop. Mol Nutr Food Res 2019; 63:e1801014. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201801014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zhang
- School of Public HealthMedical College of Soochow University 199 Ren'ai Road Suzhou 215123 Jiangsu China
| | - Lian Xue
- School of Public HealthMedical College of Soochow University 199 Ren'ai Road Suzhou 215123 Jiangsu China
| | - Bingyan Li
- Experimental Center of Medical CollegeSoochow University 199 Ren'ai Road Suzhou 215123 Jiangsu China
| | - Zengli Zhang
- School of Public HealthMedical College of Soochow University 199 Ren'ai Road Suzhou 215123 Jiangsu China
| | - Shasha Tao
- School of Public HealthMedical College of Soochow University 199 Ren'ai Road Suzhou 215123 Jiangsu China
- J. Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric DiseaseSchool of Public HealthSoochow University Suzhou 215123 PR China
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Oh SS, Ju YJ, Lee S, Park EC. Primary Reason for Drinking Among Current, Former, and Never Flushing College Students. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16020211. [PMID: 30642132 PMCID: PMC6352046 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16020211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 01/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Alcohol consumption among individuals who experience a flushing response (reddening of the face, nausea, dizziness, headache, anxiety, and increased heartbeat) can result in serious health problems. However, studies on reasons for drinking among flushers, especially in the college context, are limited. Thus, this study investigated the association between primary reason for drinking and alcohol use among a nationally representative sample of current, former, and never flushing college students. The aim was to measure whether college students with current or former experience of facial flushing have different primary reasons for drinking compared to students with no experience of facial flushing. We surveyed and analyzed the data of 4590 students in a nationally representative sample of 82 colleges in South Korea. Multiple regression analysis was used to identify the association between primary reason for drinking and alcohol intake. Alcohol intake was measured using the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT). Among 1537 current (33.5%), 152 former (3.3%), and 2901 (63.2%) never flushers, mean AUDIT scores were 7.715 ± 5.434, 11.039 ± 6.405, and 10.465 ± 5.779, respectively. Current flushers had significantly higher AUDIT scores when drinking for pleasure (β = 2.696, p < 0.0001) or stress/depression (β = 2.578, p < 0.0001). Primary reasons for drinking were not associated with alcohol intake for former flushers. Never flushers had significantly higher AUDIT scores when drinking for pleasure (β = 2.696, p < 0.0001), stress/depression (β = 2.578, p < 0.0001), or boredom (β = 0.740, p = 0.029) than peer pressure. Our results suggest that former and never flushers consume higher amounts of alcohol on average than never flushers. For current flushers, drinking for pleasure or stress/depression may increase alcohol intake, while for never flushers, drinking for pleasure, stress/depression, as well as boredom may have the same effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Soyeon Oh
- Institute of Health Services Research, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea.
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea.
| | - Yeong Jun Ju
- Institute of Health Services Research, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea.
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea.
| | - San Lee
- Institute of Health Services Research, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea.
- Department of Psychiatry, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea.
| | - Eun-Cheol Park
- Institute of Health Services Research, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea.
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea.
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Wang F, Liang S, Liu X, Han L, Wang J, Du Q. LINC00460 modulates KDM2A to promote cell proliferation and migration by targeting miR-342-3p in gastric cancer. Onco Targets Ther 2018; 11:6383-6394. [PMID: 30323616 PMCID: PMC6174301 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s169307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Increasing evidence has shown that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play important roles in the occurrence and development of human cancers. LINC00460, a novel tumor-related lncRNA, has been reported to be involved in several types of human malignancies. However, the role of LINC00460 in gastric cancer (GC) is still unclear. The present study aimed at exploring the biological role of LINC00460 in GC and illuminating the potential molecular mechanisms. Methods In this study, qRT-PCR, western blotting, MTT assay, and Transwell invasion assay were used to conduct relevant experimental analysis. Results Here, we found that LINC00460 was highly expressed in GC tissues and cell lines. Moreover, LINC00460 overexpression was found to promote GC cell proliferation, migration and invasion, whereas LINC00460 down-regulation significantly inhibited these processes. Notably, we confirmed that LINC00460 could up-regulate KDM2A expression by competitively binding to miR-342-3p in GC cells. Furthermore, the suppressive effects of LINC00460 down-regulation on GC cell proliferation, migration and invasion were partially reversed by a miR-342-3p inhibitor. Conclusion In summary, our findings provide evidence for LINC00460 as a potential therapeutic target in GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Wang
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical College, Jining 272029, China,
| | - Shaobo Liang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Central Hospital of Shanxian County, Heze, 274399, China
| | - Xiaowei Liu
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical College, Jining 272029, China,
| | - Lei Han
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical College, Jining 272029, China,
| | - Junye Wang
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical College, Jining 272029, China,
| | - Qin Du
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical College, Jining 272029, China,
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Mahjoub G, Saadat M. Non-random distribution of gastric cancer susceptible loci on human chromosomes. EXCLI JOURNAL 2018; 17:802-807. [PMID: 30233279 PMCID: PMC6141820 DOI: 10.17179/excli2018-1425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ghazale Mahjoub
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mostafa Saadat
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran,*To whom correspondence should be addressed: Mostafa Saadat, Department of Biology, College of Sciences, Shiraz University, Shiraz 71467-13565, Iran; Tel: +98-71-36137432, Fax: +98-71-32280926, E-mail:
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Polimanti R, Gelernter J. ADH1B: From alcoholism, natural selection, and cancer to the human phenome. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2018; 177:113-125. [PMID: 28349588 PMCID: PMC5617762 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The ADH1B (Alcohol Dehydrogenase 1B (class I), Beta Polypeptide) gene and its best-known functional alleles, Arg48His (rs1229984, ADH1B*2) and Arg370Cys (rs2066702, ADH1B*3), have been investigated in relation to many phenotypic traits; most frequently including alcohol metabolism and alcohol drinking behaviors, but also human evolution, liver function, cancer, and, recently, the comprehensive human phenome. To understand ADH1B functions and consequences, we provide here a bioinformatic analysis of its gene regulation and molecular functions, literature review of studies focused on this gene, and a discussion regarding future research perspectives. Certain ADH1B alleles have large effects on alcohol metabolism, and this relationship particularly encourages further investigations in relation to alcoholism and alcohol-associated cancer to understand better the mechanisms by which alcohol metabolism contributes to alcohol abuse and carcinogenesis. We also observed that ADH1B has complex mechanisms that regulate its expression across multiple human tissues, and these may be involved in cardiac and metabolic traits. Evolutionary data strongly suggest that the selection signatures at the ADH1B locus are primarily related to effects other than those on alcohol metabolism. This is also supported by the involvement of ADH1B in multiple molecular pathways and by the findings of our recent phenome-wide association study. Accordingly, future studies should also investigate other functions of ADH1B potentially relevant for the human phenome. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renato Polimanti
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine and VA CT Healthcare Center, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Joel Gelernter
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine and VA CT Healthcare Center, West Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, West Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, West Haven, CT, USA
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Yang S, Lee J, Choi IJ, Kim YW, Ryu KW, Sung J, Kim J. Effects of alcohol consumption, ALDH2 rs671 polymorphism, and Helicobacter pylori infection on the gastric cancer risk in a Korean population. Oncotarget 2018; 8:6630-6641. [PMID: 28036260 PMCID: PMC5351658 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of alcohol consumption on the risk of gastric cancer (GC) has not yet been fully elucidated, and an aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) polymorphism, rs671, is a genetic variant that influences alcohol consumption in East Asians. Additionally, the discrepancy between the Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection prevalence and GC incidence across Asian countries has not been explained. This study evaluated the effects of alcohol consumption and genetic susceptibility to defective acetaldehyde metabolism on the GC risk and their interactions with H. pylori infection. This study included 450 Korean GC cases and 1,050 controls recruited at the National Cancer Center. Data for 795 patients and 4,893 controls were used for further confirmation of the effect of rs671. Increased GC risks were evident for rs671 A allele carriers (odds ratio (OR), 1.23; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.08-1.41) and H. pylori-infected individuals (OR, 7.07; 95% CI, 4.60-10.86), but no dose-response association with alcohol consumption was observed. Furthermore, the interactions between these factors were not significant. This study has demonstrated that alcohol consumption and rs671 should be considered simultaneously when assessing the GC risk. Additionally, alcohol-related factors were not found to interact with H. pylori infection, and further studies evaluating other environmental factors are required to explain the Asian enigma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Yang
- Molecular Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea.,Complex Disease & Genome Epidemiology Branch, Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeonghee Lee
- Molecular Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Il Ju Choi
- Center for Gastric Cancer, National Cancer Center Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Young Woo Kim
- Center for Gastric Cancer, National Cancer Center Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea.,Department of Cancer Control and Policy, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Keun Won Ryu
- Center for Gastric Cancer, National Cancer Center Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Joohon Sung
- Complex Disease & Genome Epidemiology Branch, Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeongseon Kim
- Molecular Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea.,Department of Cancer Control and Policy, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
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15
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Arakawa K, Hata K, Yamamoto Y, Nishikawa T, Tanaka T, Kiyomatsu T, Kawai K, Nozawa H, Yoshida M, Fukuhara H, Fujishiro M, Morikawa T, Yamasoba T, Koike K, Fukayama M, Watanabe T. Nine primary malignant neoplasms-involving the esophagus, stomach, colon, rectum, prostate, and external ear canal-without microsatellite instability: a case report. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:24. [PMID: 29301504 PMCID: PMC5753511 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-017-3973-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although cases of multiple primary malignant neoplasms are increasing, reports of more than three or four primary metachronous malignant neoplasms are extremely rare. Moreover, very few publications have provided a genetic mutational analysis or have evaluated risk factors associated with such neoplasms. We present an extremely rare case of nine primary malignant lesions in a man who was successfully treated. We also report on microsatellite stability status, analyze risk factors, and discuss the relevant literature. CASE PRESENTATION Between 67 and 73 years of age, a male patient developed nine primary metachronous malignant lesions: Three were located in the esophagus, two in the stomach, two in the colorectum, one in the prostate gland, and one in the external ear canal. The patient's clinical history included hypertension, atrial fibrillation, an acoustic schwannoma, and heavy smoking. The lesions were diagnosed during regular screening over a six-year period. He was successfully treated with surgery (both open surgical and endoscopic resection of lesions) and adjuvant chemotherapy. Immunohistochemistry and mutational analysis showed that the lesions were microsatellite stable, and the KRAS, BRAF, p53, and nuclear β-catenin status was not uniform among the lesions. CONCLUSIONS Given that the presence of more than three or four neoplasms is extremely rare, the present case of nine primary malignancies with no associated microsatellite instability and no apparent predisposing hereditary conditions, is extraordinary. Our case study shows that it is possible for up to nine sporadic neoplasms to occur, and efficient disease management requires diligent screening and early detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiichi Arakawa
- Department of Surgical Oncology, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Surgical Oncology, University of Tokyo Hospital, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033 Japan
| | - Keisuke Hata
- Department of Surgical Oncology, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoko Yamamoto
- Department of Surgical Oncology, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Nishikawa
- Department of Surgical Oncology, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Tanaka
- Department of Surgical Oncology, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Kazushige Kawai
- Department of Surgical Oncology, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Nozawa
- Department of Surgical Oncology, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masafumi Yoshida
- Department of Otolaryngology, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | - Teppei Morikawa
- Department of Pathology, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Yamasoba
- Department of Otolaryngology, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Koike
- Department of Gastroenterology, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Toshiaki Watanabe
- Department of Surgical Oncology, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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A meta-analysis of associations of LEPR Q223R and K109R polymorphisms with Type 2 diabetes risk. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0189366. [PMID: 29293570 PMCID: PMC5749718 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0189366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Leptin receptor (LEPR) plays a pivotal role in the control of body weight, energy metabolism, and insulin sensitivity. Various genetic association studies were performed to evaluate associations of LEPR genetic variants with type 2 diabetes (T2D) susceptibility. Methods A comprehensive search was conducted to identify all eligible case-control studies for examining the associations of LEPR single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) Q223R (rs1137101) and K109R (rs1137100) with T2D risk. Odds ratios (OR) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to measure the magnitudes of association. Results For Q223R, 13 studies (11 articles) consisting of a total of 4030 cases and 2844 controls, and for K109R 7 studies (7 articles) consisting of 3319 cases and 2465 controls were available. Under an allele model, Q223R was not significantly associated with T2D risk (OR = 1.09, 95% CI: 0.80–1.48, P-value = 0.5989), which was consistent with results obtained under four genotypic models (ranges: ORs 1.08–1.20, 95% CIs: 0.58–2.02 to 0.64–2.26; P-values, 0.3650–0.8177, which all exceeded multiplicity-adjusted α = 0.05/5 = 0.01). In addition, no significant association was found between K109R and T2D risk based on either an allele model (OR = 0.93, 95% CI: 0.85–1.03, P-value = 0.1868) or four genotypic models (ranges: ORs 0.81–0.99, 95% CIs: 0.67–0.86 to 0.97–1.26, P-values, 0.0207–0.8804 which all exceeded multiplicity-adjusted α of 0.01). The magnitudes of association for these two SNPs were not dramatically changed in subgroup analyses by ethnicity or sensitivity analyses. Funnel plot inspections as well as Begg and Mazumdar adjusted rank correlation test and Egger linear regression test did not reveal significant publication biases in main and subgroup analyses. Bioinformatics analysis predicted that both missense SNPs were functionally neutral and benign. Conclusions The present meta-analysis did not detect significant genetic associations between LEPR Q223R and K109R polymorphisms and T2D risk.
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Ghosh S, Bankura B, Ghosh S, Saha ML, Pattanayak AK, Ghatak S, Guha M, Nachimuthu SK, Panda CK, Maji S, Chakraborty S, Maity B, Das M. Polymorphisms in ADH1B and ALDH2 genes associated with the increased risk of gastric cancer in West Bengal, India. BMC Cancer 2017; 17:782. [PMID: 29166882 PMCID: PMC5700676 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-017-3713-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most frequently diagnosed digestive tract cancers and carries a high risk of mortality. Acetaldehyde (AA), a carcinogenic intermediate of ethanol metabolism contributes to the risk of GC. The accumulation of AA largely depends on the activity of the major metabolic enzymes, alcohol dehydrogenase and aldehyde dehydrogenase encoded by the ADH (ADH1 gene cluster: ADH1A, ADH1B and ADH1C) and ALDH2 genes, respectively. This study aimed to evaluate the association between genetic variants in these genes and GC risk in West Bengal, India. METHODS We enrolled 105 GC patients (cases), and their corresponding sex, age and ethnicity was matched to 108 normal individuals (controls). Genotyping for ADH1A (rs1230025), ADH1B (rs3811802, rs1229982, rs1229984, rs6413413, rs4147536, rs2066702 and rs17033), ADH1C (rs698) and ALDH2 (rs886205, rs968529, rs16941667 and rs671) was performed using DNA sequencing and RFLP. RESULTS Genotype and allele frequency analysis of these SNPs revealed that G allele of rs17033 is a risk allele (A vs G: OR = 3.67, 95% CI = 1.54-8.75, p = 0.002) for GC. Significant association was also observed between rs671 and incidence of GC (p = 0.003). Moreover, smokers having the Lys allele of rs671 had a 7-fold increased risk of acquiring the disease (OR = 7.58, 95% CI = 1.34-42.78, p = 0.009). CONCLUSION In conclusion, rs17033 of ADH1B and rs671 of ALDH2 SNPs were associated with GC risk and smoking habit may further modify the effect of rs671. Conversely, rs4147536 of ADH1B might have a protective role in our study population. Additional studies with a larger patient population are needed to confirm our results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudakshina Ghosh
- Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, West Bengal 700019 India
| | - Biswabandhu Bankura
- Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, West Bengal 700019 India
| | - Soumee Ghosh
- Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, West Bengal 700019 India
| | - Makhan Lal Saha
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education & Research, 244 A.J.C Bose Road, Kolkata, West Bengal 700 020 India
| | - Arup Kumar Pattanayak
- Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, West Bengal 700019 India
| | - Souvik Ghatak
- Department of Biotechnology, Mizoram University, Tanhril, P.O Box No. 190, Aizawl, Mizoram India
| | - Manalee Guha
- Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, West Bengal 700019 India
| | - Senthil Kumar Nachimuthu
- Department of Biotechnology, Mizoram University, Tanhril, P.O Box No. 190, Aizawl, Mizoram India
| | - Chinmoy Kumar Panda
- Department of Oncogene Regulation and Viral Associated Human Cancer, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, 37, S. P. Mukherjee Road, Kolkata, West Bengal 700026 India
| | - Suvendu Maji
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education & Research, 244 A.J.C Bose Road, Kolkata, West Bengal 700 020 India
| | - Subrata Chakraborty
- Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, West Bengal 700019 India
| | - Biswanath Maity
- Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, West Bengal 700019 India
| | - Madhusudan Das
- Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, West Bengal 700019 India
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Jiang Y, Zhang J, Wu Y, Wang J, Li L. Association between ALDH2 rs671 G>A polymorphism and gastric cancer susceptibility in Eastern Asia. Oncotarget 2017; 8:102401-102412. [PMID: 29254255 PMCID: PMC5731965 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
To date, the relationship between the aldehyde dehydrogenases-2 (ALDH2) rs671 G>A (Glu504Lys) polymorphism and gastric cancer (GC) risk has not been thoroughly elucidated. To derive a more precise estimation of the effect of the ALDH2 rs671 G>A polymorphism on GC, we conducted this meta-analysis. We searched for qualified studies in the Embase, PubMed, Wang Fan and China National Knowledge Infrastructure databases. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to assess the association. A total of 6,421 GC patients and 8,832 control subjects were included in the present study. The pooled results indicated no significant relationship between the ALDH2 rs671 G>A polymorphism and GC susceptibility in all genetic models. A stratified analysis by country showed that the ALDH2 rs671 G>A polymorphism might be a risk factor for GC in Japan (Allele model: Punadjusted = 0.034; Dominant model: Punadjusted = 0.040); however, the result was nonsignificant when the Bonferroni correction and false discovery rate (FDR) were applied. In subgroup analyses by drinking status in the dominant model, our study revealed that the ALDH2 rs671 G>A polymorphism significantly increased the risk of GC for drinkers (dominant model: P < 0.001). No relationship between the ALDH2 rs671 G>A polymorphism and GC risk was observed in any other subgroup. Our present study indicated no association between the ALDH2 rs671 G>A polymorphism and GC risk in Eastern Asian populations. However, the ALDH2 rs671 G>A polymorphism can significantly increase GC risk for drinkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, Hefei Second People's Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230011, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Hefei Second People's Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230011, China
| | - Yuee Wu
- Department of Electrocardiogram Diagnosis, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230060, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230022, China
| | - Liang Li
- Department of General Surgery, Hefei Second People's Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230011, China
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19
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Na HK, Lee JY. Molecular Basis of Alcohol-Related Gastric and Colon Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E1116. [PMID: 28538665 PMCID: PMC5485940 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18061116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Revised: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Many meta-analysis, large cohort studies, and experimental studies suggest that chronic alcohol consumption increases the risk of gastric and colon cancer. Ethanol is metabolized by alcohol dehydrogenases (ADH), catalase or cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) to acetaldehyde, which is then further oxidized to acetate by aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH). Acetaldehyde has been classified by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) as a Group 1 carcinogen to humans. The acetaldehyde level in the stomach and colon is locally influenced by gastric colonization by Helicobacter pylori or colonic microbes, as well as polymorphisms in the genes encoding tissue alcohol metabolizing enzymes, especially ALDH2. Alcohol stimulates the uptake of carcinogens and their metabolism and also changes the composition of enteric microbes in a way to enhance the aldehyde level. Alcohol also undergoes chemical coupling to membrane phospholipids and disrupts organization of tight junctions, leading to nuclear translocation of β-catenin and ZONAB, which may contributes to regulation of genes involved in proliferation, invasion and metastasis. Alcohol also generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) by suppressing the expression of antioxidant and cytoprotective enzymes and inducing expression of CYP2E1 which contribute to the metabolic activation of chemical carcinogens. Besides exerting genotoxic effects by directly damaging DNA, ROS can activates signaling molecules involved in inflammation, metastasis and angiogenesis. In addition, alcohol consumption induces folate deficiency, which may result in aberrant DNA methylation profiles, thereby influencing cancer-related gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Kyung Na
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Knowledge-Based Services Engineering, Sungshin Women's University, Seoul 01133, Korea.
| | - Ja Young Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Knowledge-Based Services Engineering, Sungshin Women's University, Seoul 01133, Korea.
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20
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Lachenmeier DW, Salaspuro M. ALDH2-deficiency as genetic epidemiologic and biochemical model for the carcinogenicity of acetaldehyde. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2017; 86:128-136. [PMID: 28257851 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2017.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Revised: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Humans are cumulatively exposed to acetaldehyde from various sources including alcoholic beverages, tobacco smoke, foods and beverages. The genetic-epidemiologic and biochemical evidence in ALDH2-deficient humans provides strong evidence for the causal relationship between acetaldehyde-exposure due to alcohol consumption and cancer of the upper digestive tract. The risk assessment has so far relied on thresholds based on animal toxicology with lower one-sided confidence limit of the benchmark dose values (BMDL) typically ranging between 11 and 63 mg/kg bodyweight (bw)/day dependent on species and endpoint. The animal data is problematic for regulatory toxicology for various reasons (lack in study quality, problems in animal models and appropriateness of endpoints - especially cancer - for transfer to humans). In this study, data from genetic epidemiologic and biochemical studies are reviewed. The increase in the daily exposure dose to acetaldehyde in alcohol-consuming ALDH2-deficients vs. ALDH2-actives was about twofold. The acetaldehyde increase due to ALDH2 inactivity was calculated to be 6.7 μg/kg bw/day for heavy drinkers, which is associated with odds ratios of up to 7 for head and neck as well as oesophageal cancer. Previous animal toxicology based risk assessments may have underestimated the risk of acetaldehyde. Risk assessments of acetaldehyde need to be revised using this updated evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk W Lachenmeier
- Chemisches und Veterinäruntersuchungsamt (CVUA) Karlsruhe, Weissenburger Strasse 3, 76187 Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Mikko Salaspuro
- Research Unit on Acetaldehyde and Cancer, University of Helsinki, Biomedicum Helsinki, PO Box 63, FIN-00014, Finland
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Xinhua J, Yanfei Z. Association between ALDH 2 Glu504Lys polymorphism and colorectal cancer risk: a meta-analysis. Afr Health Sci 2017; 17:108-115. [PMID: 29026383 DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v17i1.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The findings from studies on the relationship between aldehyde dehydrogenases(ALDH) gene Glu504Lys polymorphism and colorectal cancer(CRC) were inconsistent. OBJECTIVES The aim of this meta-analysis was to assess ALDH gene Glu504Lys polymorphism and CRC risk. METHODS All of the relevant studies were identified from PubMed and Embase database. Statistical analyses were conducted with STATA 12.0 software. Odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) values were applied to evaluate the strength of the association. Nine studies with 2779 cases and 4533 controls were included. RESULTS No significant variation in CRC risk was detected in any of the genetic models overall. To explore the sources of heterogeneity,we performed further sub-group analyses by ethnicity and quality assessment of these studies. In the sub-group analysis by race, significant associations between ALDH gene Glu504Lys polymorphism and CRC risk were found in China(Glu/Lys vs Glu/Glu: OR = 0.70, 95%CI = 0.57-0.85; the dominant model: OR =0.69, 95%CI =0.48-0.98) and Japan(Lys/Lys vs Glu/Glu:OR =0.72, 95%CI =0.55-0.95). CONCLUSION This meta-analysis suggests that the ALDH2 Glu504Lys polymorphism may be associated with susceptibility to CRC. Furthermore, large and well-designed studies are needed to confirm these conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zhao Yanfei
- Clinical laboratory of Quzhou Women's hospital
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22
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Mao N, Nie S, Hong B, Li C, Shen X, Xiong T. Association between alcohol dehydrogenase-2 gene polymorphism and esophageal cancer risk: a meta-analysis. World J Surg Oncol 2016; 14:191. [PMID: 27450204 PMCID: PMC4957421 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-016-0937-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been shown that gene polymorphisms may play an important role in the carcinogenesis of esophageal cancer. This study is to investigate the role of alcohol dehydrogenase 1B (ADH1B) gene Arg47His polymorphism in esophageal cancer susceptibility. METHODS Case-control studies published between January 2000 and June 2015 were searched to retrieve relevant articles. The pooled odds ratio (OR) and 95 % confidence interval (CI) were employed to calculate the strength of association. RESULTS A total of 23 relevant articles were finally selected for the analysis, including 9338 esophageal cancer patients and 14,896 matched controls. Overall, we found that the 47His allele was significant associated with the decreased risk of esophageal cancer when compared with the 47Arg allele in total populations (A vs. G: OR = 0.67, 95 % CI = 0.59-0.76, P < 0.00001). This protective relationship was observed under other genetic models as well (P < 0.00001). Subgroup analysis by ethnicity showed that ADH1B Arg47His variant was associated with the decreased esophageal cancer risk under all the genetic models (P < 0.00001) among Asians, especially in Chinese and Japanese; while in non-Asians, no significant correlation was detected in any genetic models (P > 0.05). Furthermore, Arg/Arg genotype of ADH1B Arg47His variant combined with drinking, smoking and males appeared to show a high risk in patients with esophageal cancer. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggested that ADH1B gene Arg47His variant was associated with the decreased esophageal cancer risk. Genetic-environmental interaction should be further considered in the future researches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Mao
- />Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 439 Xuanhua Road, Yongchuan District, Chongqing, 402160 China
| | - Siyao Nie
- />Department of Infectious Disease, Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 402160 China
| | - Bin Hong
- />Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 439 Xuanhua Road, Yongchuan District, Chongqing, 402160 China
| | - Chao Li
- />Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 439 Xuanhua Road, Yongchuan District, Chongqing, 402160 China
| | - Xueyuan Shen
- />Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 439 Xuanhua Road, Yongchuan District, Chongqing, 402160 China
| | - Tao Xiong
- />Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 439 Xuanhua Road, Yongchuan District, Chongqing, 402160 China
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23
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Li R, Zhao Z, Sun M, Luo J, Xiao Y. ALDH2 gene polymorphism in different types of cancers and its clinical significance. Life Sci 2016; 147:59-66. [PMID: 26804999 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2016.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Revised: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2), an important mitochondrial enzyme governing ethanol metabolism, displays polymorphism in human. Recent evidence suggested that genetic polymorphism in ALDH2 gene may be significantly correlated with the susceptibility to cancer, such as colorectal cancer, esophageal cancer, and liver cancer. To investigate the correlation between ALDH2 mutant gene and the risk of a certain cancer, many studies have been done by testing the ALDH2 genotype in patients with cancers. Here, we summarized 84 ALDH2 gene single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) sites in human cancer, which focus primarily on the rs671 SNP site. As a novel biological marker, ALDH2 displays a very attractive prospect in the screening, diagnosis and evaluation of the prognosis of many diseases. Moreover, much attention has been attracted to the studies of the biological functions and potential value of ALDH2 in the human cancer treatment. This review will provide an overview about the clinical prospects of ALDH2 based on the available information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China; Department of Radiology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zihan Zhao
- School of Clinical Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Mingyang Sun
- School of Clinical Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jiachi Luo
- College of Letters and Science, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Yechen Xiao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
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Zhao Y, Wang C. Glu504Lys Single Nucleotide Polymorphism of Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 2 Gene and the Risk of Human Diseases. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:174050. [PMID: 26491656 PMCID: PMC4600480 DOI: 10.1155/2015/174050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Revised: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) 2 is a mitochondrial enzyme that is known for its important role in oxidation and detoxification of ethanol metabolite acetaldehyde. ALDH2 also metabolizes other reactive aldehydes such as 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal and acrolein. The Glu504Lys single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of ALDH2 gene, which is found in approximately 40% of the East Asian populations, causes defect in the enzyme activity of ALDH2, leading to alterations in acetaldehyde metabolism and alcohol-induced "flushing" syndrome. Evidence suggests that ALDH2 Glu504Lys SNP is a potential candidate genetic risk factor for a variety of chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease, cancer, and late-onset Alzheimer's disease. In addition, the association between ALDH2 Glu504Lys SNP and the development of these chronic diseases appears to be affected by the interaction between the SNP and lifestyle factors such as alcohol consumption as well as by the presence of other genetic variations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhao
- Department of Bioengineering, Harbin Institute of Technology at Weihai, Shandong 264209, China
| | - Chuancai Wang
- Department of Mathematics, Harbin Institute of Technology at Weihai, Shandong 264209, China
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Maejima R, Iijima K, Kaihovaara P, Hatta W, Koike T, Imatani A, Shimosegawa T, Salaspuro M. Effects of ALDH2 genotype, PPI treatment and L-cysteine on carcinogenic acetaldehyde in gastric juice and saliva after intragastric alcohol administration. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0120397. [PMID: 25831092 PMCID: PMC4382225 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0120397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2014] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Acetaldehyde (ACH) associated with alcoholic beverages is Group 1 carcinogen to humans (IARC/WHO). Aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH2), a major ACH eliminating enzyme, is genetically deficient in 30-50% of Eastern Asians. In alcohol drinkers, ALDH2-deficiency is a well-known risk factor for upper aerodigestive tract cancers, i.e., head and neck cancer and esophageal cancer. However, there is only a limited evidence for stomach cancer. In this study we demonstrated for the first time that ALDH2 deficiency results in markedly increased exposure of the gastric mucosa to acetaldehyde after intragastric administration of alcohol. Our finding provides concrete evidence for a causal relationship between acetaldehyde and gastric carcinogenesis. A plausible explanation is the gastric first pass metabolism of ethanol. The gastric mucosa expresses alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) enzymes catalyzing the oxidation of ethanol to acetaldehyde, especially at the high ethanol concentrations prevailing in the stomach after the consumption of alcoholic beverages. The gastric mucosa also possesses the acetaldehyde-eliminating ALDH2 enzyme. Due to decreased mucosal ALDH2 activity, the elimination of ethanol-derived acetaldehyde is decreased, which results in its accumulation in the gastric juice. We also demonstrate that ALDH2 deficiency, proton pump inhibitor (PPI) treatment, and L-cysteine cause independent changes in gastric juice and salivary acetaldehyde levels, indicating that intragastric acetaldehyde is locally regulated by gastric mucosal ADH and ALDH2 enzymes, and by oral microbes colonizing an achlorhydric stomach. Markedly elevated acetaldehyde levels were also found at low intragastric ethanol concentrations corresponding to the ethanol levels of many foodstuffs, beverages, and dairy products produced by fermentation. A capsule that slowly releases L-cysteine effectively eliminated acetaldehyde from the gastric juice of PPI-treated ALDH2-active and ALDH2-deficient subjects. These results provide entirely novel perspectives for the prevention of gastric cancer, especially in established risk groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryuhei Maejima
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Katsunori Iijima
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Pertti Kaihovaara
- Research Unit on Acetaldehyde and Cancer, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Waku Hatta
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Koike
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Akira Imatani
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tooru Shimosegawa
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Mikko Salaspuro
- Research Unit on Acetaldehyde and Cancer, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Cai Q, Wu J, Cai Q, Chen EZ, Jiang ZY. Association between Glu504Lys polymorphism of ALDH2 gene and cancer risk: a meta-analysis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0117173. [PMID: 25680115 PMCID: PMC4334541 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0117173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The association of the aldehyde dehydrogenases-2 (ALDH2) Glu504Lys polymorphism (also named Glu487Lys, or rs671) and cancers has been investigated. This meta-analysis aims to comprehensively assess the influence of this polymorphism on the overall cancer risk. Methods Eligible publications were retrieved according to inclusion/exclusion criteria and the data were analyzed using the Review Manager software (V5.2). Results A meta-analysis based on 51 case-control studies consisting of 16774 cases and 32060 controls was performed to evaluate the association between the ALDH2 Glu504Lys polymorphism and cancer risk. The comparison of genotypes Lys+ (Lys/Lys and Lys/Glu) with Glu/Glu yielded a significant 20% increased cancer risk (OR = 1.20, 95%CI: 1.03–1.39, P = 0.02, I2 = 92%). Subgroup analysis by cancer type indicated a significantly increased UADT cancer risk (OR = 1.39, 95%CI: 1.11–1.73, P = 0.004, I2 = 94%) in individuals with the Lys+ genotypes. Subgroup analysis by country indicated that individuals from Japan with the Lys+ genotypes had a significant 38% increased cancer risk (OR = 1.38, 95%CI: 1.12–1.71, P = 0.003, I2 = 93%). Conclusions Our results indicated that the ALDH2 Glu504Lys polymorphism is a susceptible loci associated with overall cancers, especially esophageal cancer and among Japanese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Cai
- Department of Surgery, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Wu
- Department of Surgery, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qu Cai
- Department of Surgery, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Er-Zhen Chen
- Department of Emergency, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhao-Yan Jiang
- Department of Surgery, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail:
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Chen B, Hu KW, Zhang JW, Wei ZJ, Meng XL, Xiong MM. A critical analysis of the relationship between aldehyde dehydrogenases-2 Glu487Lys polymorphism and colorectal cancer susceptibility. Pathol Oncol Res 2015; 21:727-33. [PMID: 25573590 DOI: 10.1007/s12253-014-9881-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Studies investigating the association between genetic polymorphism of aldehyde dehydrogenases-2 (ALDH-2) Glu487Lys and colorectal cancer (CRC) risk have reported conflicting results. Given this uncertainty, we carried out a critical analysis of published case-control studies to derive a more precise estimation of this relationship. Published literature from PubMed, EMBASE and China Knowledge Resource Integrated Database were retrieved, and the literature search was updated in June 2014. Eleven studies comprising 6965 subjects were selected (2300 cases and 4665 controls). Overall, our study showed no statistical significance for CRC risk associated with any of the genetic models of ALDH-2 Glu487Lys polymorphism. When studies were stratified for control source, a decreased risk of CRC for participants with Lys/Lys was observed in population based case-control studies [Lys/Lys vs. (Glu/Lys + Glu/Glu): odds ratio (OR) = 0.57, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.38-0.87]. Furthermore, we also confirmed the significant correlation between Glu487Lys polymorphism and the influence on the risk of rectal cancer in males [Glu/Glu vs. (Glu/Lys + Lys/Lys): OR = 1.52, 95%CI = 1.10-2.08]. The combined effects of the two gene polymorphisms [ALDH-2 and alcohol dehydrogenase 1B (ADH-1B)] were also studied. Compared with subjects having ALDH-2 Lys+ with ADH-1B His/His, ORs and 95%CIs for those with ALDH-2 Glu/Glu and ADH-1B His/His was 3.42(0.57-20.38). Similar trends were observed for the other two types of comparisons. Our study supports that ALDH-2 Glu487Lys polymorphism is associated with significant reduced risks of CRC in population-based samples, and of rectal cancer in males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Chen
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230022, China
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