1
|
Neagu AN, Whitham D, Bruno P, Arshad A, Seymour L, Morrissiey H, Hukovic AI, Darie CC. Onco-Breastomics: An Eco-Evo-Devo Holistic Approach. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1628. [PMID: 38338903 PMCID: PMC10855488 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Known as a diverse collection of neoplastic diseases, breast cancer (BC) can be hyperbolically characterized as a dynamic pseudo-organ, a living organism able to build a complex, open, hierarchically organized, self-sustainable, and self-renewable tumor system, a population, a species, a local community, a biocenosis, or an evolving dynamical ecosystem (i.e., immune or metabolic ecosystem) that emphasizes both developmental continuity and spatio-temporal change. Moreover, a cancer cell community, also known as an oncobiota, has been described as non-sexually reproducing species, as well as a migratory or invasive species that expresses intelligent behavior, or an endangered or parasite species that fights to survive, to optimize its features inside the host's ecosystem, or that is able to exploit or to disrupt its host circadian cycle for improving the own proliferation and spreading. BC tumorigenesis has also been compared with the early embryo and placenta development that may suggest new strategies for research and therapy. Furthermore, BC has also been characterized as an environmental disease or as an ecological disorder. Many mechanisms of cancer progression have been explained by principles of ecology, developmental biology, and evolutionary paradigms. Many authors have discussed ecological, developmental, and evolutionary strategies for more successful anti-cancer therapies, or for understanding the ecological, developmental, and evolutionary bases of BC exploitable vulnerabilities. Herein, we used the integrated framework of three well known ecological theories: the Bronfenbrenner's theory of human development, the Vannote's River Continuum Concept (RCC), and the Ecological Evolutionary Developmental Biology (Eco-Evo-Devo) theory, to explain and understand several eco-evo-devo-based principles that govern BC progression. Multi-omics fields, taken together as onco-breastomics, offer better opportunities to integrate, analyze, and interpret large amounts of complex heterogeneous data, such as various and big-omics data obtained by multiple investigative modalities, for understanding the eco-evo-devo-based principles that drive BC progression and treatment. These integrative eco-evo-devo theories can help clinicians better diagnose and treat BC, for example, by using non-invasive biomarkers in liquid-biopsies that have emerged from integrated omics-based data that accurately reflect the biomolecular landscape of the primary tumor in order to avoid mutilating preventive surgery, like bilateral mastectomy. From the perspective of preventive, personalized, and participatory medicine, these hypotheses may help patients to think about this disease as a process governed by natural rules, to understand the possible causes of the disease, and to gain control on their own health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anca-Narcisa Neagu
- Laboratory of Animal Histology, Faculty of Biology, “Alexandru Ioan Cuza” University of Iași, Carol I bvd. 20A, 700505 Iasi, Romania
| | - Danielle Whitham
- Biochemistry & Proteomics Laboratories, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY 13699-5810, USA; (D.W.); (P.B.); (A.A.); (L.S.); (H.M.); (A.I.H.)
| | - Pathea Bruno
- Biochemistry & Proteomics Laboratories, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY 13699-5810, USA; (D.W.); (P.B.); (A.A.); (L.S.); (H.M.); (A.I.H.)
| | - Aneeta Arshad
- Biochemistry & Proteomics Laboratories, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY 13699-5810, USA; (D.W.); (P.B.); (A.A.); (L.S.); (H.M.); (A.I.H.)
| | - Logan Seymour
- Biochemistry & Proteomics Laboratories, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY 13699-5810, USA; (D.W.); (P.B.); (A.A.); (L.S.); (H.M.); (A.I.H.)
| | - Hailey Morrissiey
- Biochemistry & Proteomics Laboratories, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY 13699-5810, USA; (D.W.); (P.B.); (A.A.); (L.S.); (H.M.); (A.I.H.)
| | - Angiolina I. Hukovic
- Biochemistry & Proteomics Laboratories, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY 13699-5810, USA; (D.W.); (P.B.); (A.A.); (L.S.); (H.M.); (A.I.H.)
| | - Costel C. Darie
- Biochemistry & Proteomics Laboratories, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY 13699-5810, USA; (D.W.); (P.B.); (A.A.); (L.S.); (H.M.); (A.I.H.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Rubini M, Gozzi A, Libianchi N, Dellù E, Spanò F, Di Biasi C, Pendenza M, Sala P, Filannino F, Zaio P. Metastatic cancer and endentulism: Exploring comorbidity to assist with differential diagnosis in a case from Vico nel Lazio (Fr, Italy), 13th-15th century CE. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PALEOPATHOLOGY 2022; 38:1-12. [PMID: 35679660 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpp.2022.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To differentially diagnose cranial lesions noted on a medieval skeleton and explore the importance of comorbidity. MATERIALS A skull of an adult female with osteolytic and osteoblastic lesions, edentulism, and an ectopic tooth from an ossuary of the Church of Santa Maria in Vico del Lazio, Frosinone Italy, dating to the Middle Ages. METHODS Macroscopic observations of the remains, CT scan, and differential diagnosis was undertaken. RESULTS A diagnosis of metastatic cancer (potentially breast cancer) or metastatic neuroblastoma (NBL) is offered. CONCLUSIONS Considering the noted comorbidities, this case might represent a rare case of metastatic neuroblastoma. SIGNIFICANCE The exploration of comorbidity, in this case the presence of metastatic carcinoma and edentulism, has tremendous potential to expand our knowledge about cancer in the past. LIMITATIONS Lack of postcranial elements. SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER RESEARCH Clinical and paleopathological investigation of comorbidity in modern and archeological populations to develop an evolutionary perspective on the presence of cancer in the past.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Rubini
- S.A.B.A.P.-LAZIO, Anthropological Service, Ministry of Culture, Via Pompeo Magno 2, 00189 Roma, Italy; Department of Archeology, University of Foggia, Via Antonio Gramsci, 89, 71122 Foggia, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Gozzi
- S.A.B.A.P.-LAZIO, Anthropological Service, Ministry of Culture, Via Pompeo Magno 2, 00189 Roma, Italy
| | - Nunzia Libianchi
- S.A.B.A.P.-LAZIO, Anthropological Service, Ministry of Culture, Via Pompeo Magno 2, 00189 Roma, Italy
| | - Elena Dellù
- S.A.B.A.P.- BA, Physical Anthropology Service, Via Pier l'Eremita 25/B, 70122 Bari, Italy
| | - Ferdinando Spanò
- Emergency Diagnostics, Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza Università di Roma, Viale del Policlinico, 155, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Claudio Di Biasi
- Emergency Diagnostics, Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza Università di Roma, Viale del Policlinico, 155, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Matteo Pendenza
- Techniques of Medical Radiology, Imaging and Radiotherapy, Sapienza Università di Roma, Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza Università di Roma, Viale del Policlinico, 155, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Sala
- Techniques of Medical Radiology, Imaging and Radiotherapy, Sapienza Università di Roma, Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza Università di Roma, Viale del Policlinico, 155, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Floriana Filannino
- Techniques of Medical Radiology, Imaging and Radiotherapy, Sapienza Università di Roma, Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza Università di Roma, Viale del Policlinico, 155, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Zaio
- S.A.B.A.P.-LAZIO, Anthropological Service, Ministry of Culture, Via Pompeo Magno 2, 00189 Roma, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
He L, Gibbon VE, Xiao X, Wang B, Li H. Metastatic cancer along ancient Silk Road: A possible case from Xinjiang (China). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PALEOPATHOLOGY 2022; 37:23-29. [PMID: 35366493 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpp.2022.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Palaeopathological evidence of cancer, especially metastatic cancer, is rare in China. This paper describes and diagnoses a cranium with multiple lytic lesions recovered from the Sampula cemetery in Xinjiang, attempting to diagnose the type of disease that could have caused the pathological lesions observed. MATERIAL A cranium from an adult male (#00106) was recovered from the Sampula cemetery (dated to 55 BCE to 335 CE) located in the Luopu County, the Hotan River oasis on the southern edge of the Tarim Basin in southern Xinjiang. METHODS The cranium was assessed macroscopically and radiographically (CT). RESULTS Multiple osteolytic lesions with irregular and "moth-eaten" margins were detected in cranium #00106. CT scans revealed the development of the lesions began at the diploe and identified a "button sequestrum". CONCLUSIONS Based on lesion characteristics, metastatic carcinoma was likely the cause of lesions found in cranium #00106. SIGNIFICANCE This case has expanded our knowledge of the malignant neoplasms of ancient populations in northwest China and discusses the possible risk factors in the occurrence of cancer in the Sampula site, as well as the possible impacts of skeletal metastases on the individual. LIMITATIONS The distribution of osteolytic lesions over the complete skeleton cannot be observed because of the unavailability of postcranial bone. SUGGESTIONS FOR FUTURE RESEARCH With the increasing number of reports describing diseases in ancient China, the patterns of diseases occurrence and development can be further explored from spatial and temporal perspectives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Letian He
- School of History and Culture, Department of Archaeology and Museology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China.
| | - Victoria E Gibbon
- Division of Clinical Anatomy & Biological Anthropology, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Observatory 7935, South Africa
| | - Xiaoyong Xiao
- School of Ethnology and Sociology, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Museum, Urumqi 830000, China
| | - Haijun Li
- School of Ethnology and Sociology, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Abdel Sater AH, Bouferraa Y, Amhaz G, Haibe Y, Lakkiss AE, Shamseddine A. From Tumor Cells to Endothelium and Gut Microbiome: A Complex Interaction Favoring the Metastasis Cascade. Front Oncol 2022; 12:804983. [PMID: 35600385 PMCID: PMC9117727 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.804983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastasis is a complicated process through which tumor cells disseminate to distant organs and adapt to novel tumor microenvironments. This multi-step cascade relies on the accumulation of genetic and epigenetic alterations within the tumor cells as well as the surrounding non-tumor stromal cells. Endothelial cells constitute a major player in promoting metastasis formation either by inducing the growth of tumor cells or by directing them towards dissemination in the blood or lymph. In fact, the direct and indirect interactions between tumor and endothelial cells were shown to activate several mechanisms allowing cancer cells’ invasion and extravasation. On the other side, gastrointestinal cancer development was shown to be associated with the disruption of the gut microbiome. While several proposed mechanisms have been investigated in this regard, gut and tumor-associated microbiota were shown to impact the gut endothelial barrier, increasing the dissemination of bacteria through the systemic circulation. This bacterial dislocation allows the formation of an inflammatory premetastatic niche in the distant organs promoting the metastatic cascade of primary tumors. In this review, we discuss the role of the endothelial cells in the metastatic cascade of tumors. We will focus on the role of the gut vascular barrier in the regulation metastasis. We will also discuss the interaction between this vascular barrier and the gut microbiota enhancing the process of metastasis. In addition, we will try to elucidate the different mechanisms through which this bacterial dislocation prepares the favorable metastatic niche at distant organs allowing the dissemination and successful deposition of tumor cells in the new microenvironments. Finally, and given the promising results of the studies combining immune checkpoint inhibitors with either microbiota alterations or anti-angiogenic therapy in many types of cancer, we will elaborate in this review the complex interaction between these 3 factors and their possible therapeutic combination to optimize response to treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ali H Abdel Sater
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Youssef Bouferraa
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ghid Amhaz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Yolla Haibe
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ahmed El Lakkiss
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ali Shamseddine
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Squires K, Roberts CA, Márquez‐Grant N. Ethical considerations and publishing in human bioarcheology. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2022; 177:615-619. [PMID: 36790756 PMCID: PMC9305442 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.24467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kirsty Squires
- School of Security, Justice and SustainabilityStaffordshire UniversityStoke‐on‐TrentUK
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Sarver AL, Makielski KM, DePauw TA, Schulte AJ, Modiano JF. Increased risk of cancer in dogs and humans: a consequence of recent extension of lifespan beyond evolutionarily-determined limitations? AGING AND CANCER 2022; 3:3-19. [PMID: 35993010 PMCID: PMC9387675 DOI: 10.1002/aac2.12046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is among the most common causes of death for dogs (and cats) and humans in the developed world, even though it is uncommon in wildlife and other domestic animals. We provide a rationale for this observation based on recent advances in our understanding of the evolutionary basis of cancer. Over the course of evolutionary time, species have acquired and fine-tuned adaptive cancer protective mechanisms that are intrinsically related to their energy demands, reproductive strategies, and expected lifespan. These cancer protective mechanisms are general across species and/or specific to each species and their niche, and they do not seem to be limited in diversity. The evolutionarily acquired cancer-free longevity that defines a species' life history can explain why the relative cancer risk, rate, and incidence are largely similar across most species in the animal kingdom despite differences in body size and life expectancy. The molecular, cellular, and metabolic events that promote malignant transformation and cancerous growth can overcome these adaptive, species-specific protective mechanisms in a small proportion of individuals, while independently, some individuals in the population might achieve exceptional longevity. In dogs and humans, recent dramatic alterations in healthcare and social structures have allowed increasing numbers of individuals in both species to far exceed their species-adapted longevities (by 2-4 times) without allowing the time necessary for compensatory natural selection. In other words, the cancer protective mechanisms that restrain risk at comparable levels to other species for their adapted lifespan are incapable of providing cancer protection over this recent, drastic and widespread increase in longevity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aaron L. Sarver
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN,Institute for Health Informatics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN,Animal Cancer Care and Research Program, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN
| | - Kelly M. Makielski
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN,Animal Cancer Care and Research Program, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN,Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN
| | - Taylor A DePauw
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN,Animal Cancer Care and Research Program, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN,Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN
| | - Ashley J. Schulte
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN,Animal Cancer Care and Research Program, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN,Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN
| | - Jaime F. Modiano
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN,Animal Cancer Care and Research Program, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN,Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN,Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN,Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN,Institute for Engineering in Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Wu Y, Yi M, Zhu S, Wang H, Wu K. Recent advances and challenges of bispecific antibodies in solid tumors. Exp Hematol Oncol 2021; 10:56. [PMID: 34922633 PMCID: PMC8684149 DOI: 10.1186/s40164-021-00250-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy has made remarkable progress in the past decade. Bispecific antibodies (BsAbs) have acquired much attention as the next generation strategy of antibody-target cancer immunotherapy, which overwhelmingly focus on T cell recruitment and dual receptors blockade. So far, BsAb drugs have been proved clinically effective and approved for the treatment of hematologic malignancies, but no BsAb have been approved in solid tumors. Numerous designed BsAb drugs for solid tumors are now undergoing evaluation in clinical trials. In this review, we will introduce the formats of bispecific antibodies, and then update the latest preclinical studies and clinical trials in solid tumors of BsAbs targeting EpCAM, CEA, PMSA, ErbB family, and so on. Finally, we discuss the BsAb-related adverse effects and the alternative strategy for future study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuze Wu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Ming Yi
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Shuangli Zhu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Haiyong Wang
- Beijing Anjianxi Medicinal Technology Co., Ltd., No.2 Cuiwei Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100036, China.
| | - Kongming Wu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Courtenay LA, González-Aguilera D, Lagüela S, del Pozo S, Ruiz-Mendez C, Barbero-García I, Román-Curto C, Cañueto J, Santos-Durán C, Cardeñoso-Álvarez ME, Roncero-Riesco M, Hernandez-Lopez D, Guerrero-Sevilla D, Rodríguez-Gonzalvez P. Hyperspectral imaging and robust statistics in non-melanoma skin cancer analysis. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 12:5107-5127. [PMID: 34513245 PMCID: PMC8407807 DOI: 10.1364/boe.428143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Non-Melanoma skin cancer is one of the most frequent types of cancer. Early detection is encouraged so as to ensure the best treatment, Hyperspectral imaging is a promising technique for non-invasive inspection of skin lesions, however, the optimal wavelengths for these purposes are yet to be conclusively determined. A visible-near infrared hyperspectral camera with an ad-hoc built platform was used for image acquisition in the present study. Robust statistical techniques were used to conclude an optimal range between 573.45 and 779.88 nm to distinguish between healthy and non-healthy skin. Wavelengths between 429.16 and 520.17 nm were additionally found to be optimal for the differentiation between cancer types.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lloyd A. Courtenay
- Department of Cartographic and Terrain
Engineering, Higher Polytechnic School of Ávila,
University of Salamanca, Hornos Caleros 50,
05003 Ávila, Spain
| | - Diego González-Aguilera
- Department of Cartographic and Terrain
Engineering, Higher Polytechnic School of Ávila,
University of Salamanca, Hornos Caleros 50,
05003 Ávila, Spain
| | - Susana Lagüela
- Department of Cartographic and Terrain
Engineering, Higher Polytechnic School of Ávila,
University of Salamanca, Hornos Caleros 50,
05003 Ávila, Spain
| | - Susana del Pozo
- Department of Cartographic and Terrain
Engineering, Higher Polytechnic School of Ávila,
University of Salamanca, Hornos Caleros 50,
05003 Ávila, Spain
| | - Camilo Ruiz-Mendez
- Department of Didactics of Mathematics and
Experimental Sciences, Faculty of
Education, Paseo de Canaleja 169, 37008, Salamanca,
Spain
| | - Inés Barbero-García
- Department of Cartographic and Terrain
Engineering, Higher Polytechnic School of Ávila,
University of Salamanca, Hornos Caleros 50,
05003 Ávila, Spain
| | - Concepción Román-Curto
- Department of Dermatology,
University Hospital of Spain, Paseo de San
Vicente 58-182, 37007, Salamanca, Spain
- Instituto de
Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca
(IBSAL), Paseo de San Vicente, 58-182, 37007 Salamanca,
Spain
| | - Javier Cañueto
- Department of Dermatology,
University Hospital of Spain, Paseo de San
Vicente 58-182, 37007, Salamanca, Spain
- Instituto de
Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca
(IBSAL), Paseo de San Vicente, 58-182, 37007 Salamanca,
Spain
- Instituto de Biología
Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (IBMCC)/Centro de
Investigación del Cáncer (lab 7). Campus
Miguel de Unamuno s/n. 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Carlos Santos-Durán
- Department of Dermatology,
University Hospital of Spain, Paseo de San
Vicente 58-182, 37007, Salamanca, Spain
| | | | - Mónica Roncero-Riesco
- Department of Dermatology,
University Hospital of Spain, Paseo de San
Vicente 58-182, 37007, Salamanca, Spain
| | - David Hernandez-Lopez
- Institute for Regional Development,
University of Castilla la Mancha, Campus
Universitario s/n, 02071, Albacete, Spain
| | - Diego Guerrero-Sevilla
- Institute for Regional Development,
University of Castilla la Mancha, Campus
Universitario s/n, 02071, Albacete, Spain
| | - Pablo Rodríguez-Gonzalvez
- Department of Mining Technology, Topography
and Structures, University of León,
Ponferrada, Léon, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Khandelwal Gilman KA, Han S, Won YW, Putnam CW. Complex interactions of lovastatin with 10 chemotherapeutic drugs: a rigorous evaluation of synergism and antagonism. BMC Cancer 2021; 21:356. [PMID: 33823841 PMCID: PMC8022429 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-021-07963-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Evidence bearing on the role of statins in the prevention and treatment of cancer is confounded by the diversity of statins, chemotherapeutic agents and cancer types included in the numerous published studies; consequently, the adjunctive value of statins with chemotherapy remains uncertain. Methods We assayed lovastatin in combination with each of ten commonly prescribed chemotherapy drugs in highly reproducible in vitro assays, using a neutral cellular substrate, Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Cell density (OD600) data were analyzed for synergism and antagonism using the Loewe additivity model implemented with the Combenefit software. Results Four of the ten chemotherapy drugs – tamoxifen, doxorubicin, methotrexate and rapamycin – exhibited net synergism with lovastatin. The remaining six agents (5-fluorouracil, gemcitabine, epothilone, cisplatin, cyclophosphamide and etoposide) compiled neutral or antagonistic scores. Distinctive patterns of synergism and antagonism, often coexisting within the same concentration space, were documented with the various combinations, including those with net synergism scores. Two drug pairs, lovastatin combined with tamoxifen or cisplatin, were also assayed in human cell lines as proof of principle. Conclusions The synergistic interactions of tamoxifen, doxorubicin, methotrexate and rapamycin with lovastatin – because they suggest the possibility of clinical utility - merit further exploration and validation in cell lines and animal models. No less importantly, strong antagonistic interactions between certain agents and lovastatin argue for a cautious, data-driven approach before adding a statin to any chemotherapeutic regimen. We also urge awareness of adventitious statin usage by patients entering cancer treatment protocols. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12885-021-07963-w.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Seungmin Han
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, College of Medicine-Tucson, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Young-Wook Won
- Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.,Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, College of Medicine-Tucson, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Charles W Putnam
- Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA. .,Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, College of Medicine-Tucson, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Dittmar JM, Berger ES, Mao R, Wang H, Yeh HY. A probable case of multiple myeloma from Bronze Age China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PALEOPATHOLOGY 2020; 31:64-70. [PMID: 33091820 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpp.2020.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Paleopathological evidence of cancer from past populations is rare, especially outside of Europe and North Africa. This study expands upon the current temporal and spatial distribution of cancer by presenting a probable case of multiple myeloma from Bronze Age China. MATERIAL The human skeletal remains of an adult male from the Qijia culture horizon (1750-1400 BCE) of the Bronze Age cemetery of Mogou (), located in Gansu Province, Northwest China. METHODS The human skeletal remains were assessed macroscopically and radiographically using plain x-rays. RESULTS Multiple ovoid-shaped osteolytic lesions with sharply demarcated margins were observed. The axial skeletal had the greatest involvement, specifically the vertebrae, ribs, and sternum. Radiographic imaging revealed more extensive destruction of cancellous than cortical bone, indicating that the marrow was the focal point of the disease. CONCLUSION Based on the nature, distribution, and radiographic appearance of the lesions, the most likely diagnosis is multiple myeloma. SIGNIFICANCE This is one of the only cases of cancer identified in archaeological human skeletal remains from East Asia and is the first published case of a hematopoietic malignancy from mainland China. The analysis and publication of examples of neoplasia from areas that expand upon the current known temporal and spatial distribution is necessary in order to better reconstruct the history and evolution of cancer. LIMITATIONS Poor skeletal preservation prevented the full extent of osteolytic lesions to be observed. SUGGESTIONS FOR FUTURE RESEARCH By placing case studies such as this into a temporal and spatial framework, it is possible for future research to begin to interrogate possible underlying causes of cancer in ancient populations within the context of changing environmental conditions and subsistence strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jenna M Dittmar
- McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3ER, UK.
| | - Elizabeth S Berger
- Department of Anthropology, University of California, Riverside, 1334 Watkins Hall, Riverside, CA, 92521, United States
| | - Ruilin Mao
- Gansu Provincial Institute for Cultural Relics and Archaeology, Heping Road No. 165, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Gansu Provincial Institute for Cultural Relics and Archaeology, Heping Road No. 165, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Hui-Yuan Yeh
- School of Humanities, Nanyang Technological University, 14 Nanyang Drive, 637332, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Sitarek P, Merecz-Sadowska A, Śliwiński T, Zajdel R, Kowalczyk T. An In Vitro Evaluation of the Molecular Mechanisms of Action of Medical Plants from the Lamiaceae Family as Effective Sources of Active Compounds against Human Cancer Cell Lines. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2957. [PMID: 33066157 PMCID: PMC7601952 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12102957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
It is predicted that 1.8 million new cancer cases will be diagnosed worldwide in 2020; of these, the incidence of lung, colon, breast, and prostate cancers will be 22%, 9%, 7%, and 5%, respectively according to the National Cancer Institute. As the global medical cost of cancer in 2020 will exceed about $150 billion, new approaches and novel alternative chemoprevention molecules are needed. Research indicates that the plants of the Lamiaceae family may offer such potential. The present study reviews selected species from the Lamiaceae and their active compounds that may have the potential to inhibit the growth of lung, breast, prostate, and colon cancer cells; it examines the effects of whole extracts, individual compounds, and essential oils, and it discusses their underlying molecular mechanisms of action. The studied members of the Lamiaceae are sources of crucial phytochemicals that may be important modulators of cancer-related molecular targets and can be used as effective factors to support anti-tumor treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Przemysław Sitarek
- Department of Biology and Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical University of Lodz, 90-151 Lodz, Poland
| | - Anna Merecz-Sadowska
- Department of Economic Informatics, University of Lodz, 90-214 Lodz, Poland; (A.M.-S.); (R.Z.)
| | - Tomasz Śliwiński
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90-236 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Radosław Zajdel
- Department of Economic Informatics, University of Lodz, 90-214 Lodz, Poland; (A.M.-S.); (R.Z.)
| | - Tomasz Kowalczyk
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Genetics, University of Lodz, 90-237 Lodz, Poland;
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Toncheva D, Serbezov D, Karachanak-Yankova S, Nesheva D. Ancient mitochondrial DNA pathogenic variants putatively associated with mitochondrial disease. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0233666. [PMID: 32970680 PMCID: PMC7514063 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0233666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial DNA variants associated with diseases are widely studied in contemporary populations, but their prevalence has not yet been investigated in ancient populations. The publicly available AmtDB database contains 1443 ancient mtDNA Eurasian genomes from different periods. The objective of this study was to use this data to establish the presence of pathogenic mtDNA variants putatively associated with mitochondrial diseases in ancient populations. The clinical significance, pathogenicity prediction and contemporary frequency of mtDNA variants were determined using online platforms. The analyzed ancient mtDNAs contain six variants designated as being "confirmed pathogenic" in modern patients. The oldest of these, m.7510T>C in the MT-TS1 gene, was found in a sample from the Neolithic period, dated 5800-5400 BCE. All six have well established clinical association, and their pathogenic effect is corroborated by very low population frequencies in contemporary populations. Analysis of the geographic location of the ancient samples, contemporary epidemiological trends and probable haplogroup association indicate diverse spatiotemporal dynamics of these variants. The dynamics in the prevalence and distribution is conceivably result of de novo mutations or human migrations and subsequent evolutionary processes. In addition, ten variants designated as possibly or likely pathogenic were found, but the clinical effect of these is not yet well established and further research is warranted. All detected mutations putatively associated with mitochondrial disease in ancient mtDNA samples are in tRNA coding genes. Most of these mutations are in a mt-tRNA type (Model 2) that is characterized by loss of D-loop/T-loop interaction. Exposing pathogenic variants in ancient human populations expands our understanding of their origin and prevalence dynamics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Draga Toncheva
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medical University of Sofia, Bulgarian Academy of Science, Sofia, Bulgaria
- Bulgarian Academy of Sciences–BAS, Sofia, Bulgaria
- * E-mail:
| | - Dimitar Serbezov
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medical University of Sofia, Bulgarian Academy of Science, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Sena Karachanak-Yankova
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medical University of Sofia, Bulgarian Academy of Science, Sofia, Bulgaria
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of biology, Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski”, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Desislava Nesheva
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medical University of Sofia, Bulgarian Academy of Science, Sofia, Bulgaria
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Topi S, Santacroce L, Bottalico L, Ballini A, Inchingolo AD, Dipalma G, Charitos IA, Inchingolo F. Gastric Cancer in History: A Perspective Interdisciplinary Study. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12020264. [PMID: 31978985 PMCID: PMC7072612 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12020264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Revised: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Gastric adenocarcinoma is the fourth most common type of cancer and the second leading cause of cancer death in the world. Despite abundant traces of an ancient history, the comprehension of its pathogenic mechanisms is rather recent and continuously updated. Methods: We investigated about how the ancient civilizations tried to understand the exactly physiopathology of gastric cancer, from the time when they could not examine deeply the histological and pathophysiologic aspects of the disease, but they just based their knowledge on a visual analysis of the signs and consequences of such disease. We examined the historical evolving knowledge of the disease along the centuries on the gastroenterological, pharmacological, and surgical fields, defining how gastric cancer became an increasingly curable disease. Results: Cancer was known in the ancient world. Ancient people did not know exactly the causes but the climatic, hygienic, and food conditions were the first to be considered over time, also taking into consideration supernatural negative influences. During the Renaissance, a tumultuous time of scientific discoveries started, thanks to an increasing number of autopsies made on cadavers and to the progressions in visual analysis of the stomach mucosa throughout endoscopy. From the first gastric surgery in 1879, many steps forward have been made and, today, gastric cancer is regarded as a more curable disease; one important discovery in this field has been the revelation of the role of Helicobacter pylori in the peptic ulcer disease (PUD) and in some forms of gastric lymphoma. Conclusions: Gastric cancer has the fourth highest incidence of various cancers worldwide and is ranked second as a cause of cancer-related death. It exists from the antiquity and a lot of hypotheses have been developed about its etiology during the centuries, influencing its therapy. During the 20th century, thanks to the scientific and technological progresses the causes of the cancer have been discovered and the role of the bacterium Helicobacter pylori has been demonstrated, and new perspective research are currently trying to investigate the role of other microorganisms in gastric physiopathology, as well as its possible modulation by probiotics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Skender Topi
- Department of Clinical Disciplines, School of Technical Medical Sciences, University of Elbasan “A. Xhuvani”, 3001 Elbasan, Albania;
- Surgery, Regional Hospital “X. Kongoli”, 3001 Elbasan, Albania
| | - Luigi Santacroce
- Ionian Department (DJSGEM), Microbiology and Virology Lab., University of Bari “A. Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy
- Polypheno Academic Spin Off, University of Bari “A. Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0805-478-486
| | - Lucrezia Bottalico
- Polypheno Academic Spin Off, University of Bari “A. Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy;
| | - Andrea Ballini
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy;
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, S. Andrea delle Dame—Via L. De Crecchio, 7—80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Alessio Danilo Inchingolo
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari, General Hospital, Bari, Italy; (A.D.I.); (G.D.); (F.I.)
| | - Gianna Dipalma
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari, General Hospital, Bari, Italy; (A.D.I.); (G.D.); (F.I.)
| | - Ioannis Alexandros Charitos
- Poisoning National Center, Emergency and Urgency Service, Riuniti University Hospital of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy;
| | - Francesco Inchingolo
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari, General Hospital, Bari, Italy; (A.D.I.); (G.D.); (F.I.)
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Mangla B, Neupane YR, Singh A, Kohli K. Tamoxifen and Sulphoraphane for the breast cancer management: A synergistic nanomedicine approach. Med Hypotheses 2019; 132:109379. [PMID: 31454641 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2019.109379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is second most leading cause of death in all over the world and not only limited to the females. Tamoxifen has been considered as the gold line therapy for estrogen receptor positive breast cancer. However, this chemopreventive approach has been focused at individuals in high risk group and limits its clinical applications to moderate and/or lower risk groups. Moreover, Tamoxifen treatment is associated with a dose related hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity and eventually results in poor quality of life of patients. Sulphoraphane, a naturally occurring isothiocyanate derivative has been investigated for its numerous potential biological activities including anticancer effects. The present hypothesis aims to put forward in which Tamoxifen is combined with a natural bioactive Sulphoraphane, both incorporated into a novel lipid based nanocarrier at a reduced dose, which would eventually shuttle the cargo to the target site. At the breast cancer, Sulphoraphane sensitizes the estrogen receptors and ameliorates the binding affinity of Tamoxifen to these receptors, thereby potentiating the anticancer efficacy and reducing the offsite toxicity of Tamoxifen. This dual loaded zero-dimension lipid carrier would be a value addition to the current treatment regimen for breast cancer management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bharti Mangla
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062 India
| | - Yub Raj Neupane
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117559, Singapore
| | - Archu Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062 India
| | - Kanchan Kohli
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062 India.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Micarelli I, Paine RR, Tafuri MA, Manzi G. A possible case of mycosis in a post-classical burial from La Selvicciola (Italy). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PALEOPATHOLOGY 2019; 24:25-33. [PMID: 30245229 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpp.2018.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
An examination of an adult male buried from the post-classical necropolis of La Selvicciola (Viterbo, Latium, Italy; 4th-6th centuries AD) revealed a series of skeletal lesions. The lesions, both proliferative and lytic, ranging in size from small (around 0.01 mm) to extensive (up to 16.00 mm) pits, occurred at multiple sites. A holistic approach assessed lesion type, frequency and location in a differential diagnosis, which included myeloma, metastatic carcinoma, tuberculosis, leukemia, osteomyelitis, and mycoses. It was concluded that a mycosis, specifically Cryptococcosis, was the most likely cause of these lesions. Both macroscopic analyses and X-ray scans support our diagnosis. We also provide a methodological scheme as a model for examining unknown lesion patterns.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ileana Micarelli
- Sapienza Università di Roma, Dipartimento di Scienze dell'Antichità, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Roma, Italy; Sapienza Università di Roma, Dipartimento di Biologia Ambientale, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Roma, Italy
| | - Robert R Paine
- Sapienza Università di Roma, Dipartimento di Biologia Ambientale, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Roma, Italy
| | - Mary Anne Tafuri
- Sapienza Università di Roma, Dipartimento di Biologia Ambientale, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Roma, Italy.
| | - Giorgio Manzi
- Sapienza Università di Roma, Dipartimento di Biologia Ambientale, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Roma, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Davies-Barrett AM, Antoine D, Roberts CA. Inflammatory periosteal reaction on ribs associated with lower respiratory tract disease: A method for recording prevalence from sites with differing preservation. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2019; 168:530-542. [PMID: 30613938 PMCID: PMC6491975 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.23769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Inflammatory periosteal reaction (IPR) on the visceral surfaces of the ribs has been used in bioarchaeology as an indicator of lower respiratory tract disease. This article presents a detailed method for recording IPR on the ribs, even those in severely fragmented states, with the objectives of increasing the consistency of recording and producing true prevalence rates for skeletons so as to improve data comparability between future bioarchaeological studies of lower respiratory tract disease. Materials and methods The presence and prevalence of respiratory‐related IPR were recorded from three different Sudanese cemetery sites using a detailed method for identifying and recording IPR. Sites with variable preservation were chosen to test the applicability of the method. A flowchart to aid in identification of bony changes is presented. The method requires the recording of IPR on three separate sections of the rib (neck, angle, and shaft) and the allocation of ribs into rib cage regions of upper, upper‐middle, middle, lower‐middle, and lower. Results Results demonstrate differences in the distribution of IPR between sites and verify the method's applicability to archeological sites with various levels of skeletal preservation. Discussion While crude prevalence rates can indicate the number of individuals experiencing lower respiratory tract disease within a site, this method can provide information about the distribution of IPR within the rib cage. This should lead to new ways of distinguishing respiratory diseases within archeological populations. This method also allows for comparability between well‐preserved and lesser‐preserved sites by accommodating for rib fragmentation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna M Davies-Barrett
- Department of Ancient Egypt and Sudan, The British Museum, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Archaeology, Durham University, Durham, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Antoine
- Department of Ancient Egypt and Sudan, The British Museum, London, United Kingdom
| | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey M Peters
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Center of Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
| | - Frank J Gonzalez
- Laboratory of Metabolism, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Schats R, Hoogland M, Waters-Rist A. A probable case of metastatic carcinoma in the medieval Netherlands. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PALEOPATHOLOGY 2018; 22:181-188. [PMID: 29887372 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpp.2018.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Despite recent considerable gains, our knowledge of cancer in antiquity is still limited. This paper discusses an adult individual from a Dutch medieval hospital site who demonstrates osteoblastic and osteolytic lesions on the ribs, scapula, clavicle, and vertebrae. The morphology, radiographic appearance, and distribution of the skeletal lesions suggest that this individual was affected by metastatic carcinoma. This case increases the number of publications that present an osteoblastic and osteolytic response to cancer and contributes to the body of evidence for archaeological neoplastic disease. For the Netherlands, this individual presents the first published case of probable metastatic carcinoma with mixed skeletal lesions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Schats
- Laboratory for Human Osteoarchaeology, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9514, 2300RA Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Menno Hoogland
- Laboratory for Human Osteoarchaeology, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9514, 2300RA Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Andrea Waters-Rist
- Department of Anthropology, University of Western Ontario, Social Sciences Centre, 1151 Richmond St. N., London, ON, N6A 5C2, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Odes EJ, Delezene LK, Randolph-Quinney PS, Smilg JS, Augustine TN, Jakata K, Berger LR. A case of benign osteogenic tumour in Homo naledi: Evidence for peripheral osteoma in the U.W. 101-1142 mandible. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PALEOPATHOLOGY 2018; 21:47-55. [PMID: 29778414 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpp.2017.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Revised: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The reported incidence of neoplasia in the extinct hominin record is rare. We describe here the first palaeopathological analysis of an osteogenic lesion in the extinct hominin Homo naledi from Dinaledi Cave (Rising Star), South Africa. The lesion presented as an irregular bony growth, found on the right lingual surface of the body of the adult mandible U.W. 101-1142. The growth was macroscopically evaluated and internally imaged using micro-focus x-ray computed tomography (μCT). A detailed description and differential diagnosis were undertaken using gross and micromorphology, and we conclude that the most probable diagnosis is peripheral osteoma - a benign osteogenic neoplasia. These tumours are cryptic in clinical expression, though they may present localised discomfort and swelling. It has been suggested that muscle traction may play a role in the development and expression of these tumours. The impact of this lesion on the individual affected is unknown. This study adds to the growing corpus of palaeopathological data from the South African fossil record, which suggests that the incidence of neoplastic disease in deep prehistory was more prevalent than traditionally accepted. The study also highlights the utility of micro-computed tomography in assisting accurate diagnoses of ancient pathologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edward J Odes
- School of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand Medical School, Parktown, Johannesburg, 2193, South Africa; Evolutionary Studies Institute, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
| | - Lucas K Delezene
- Evolutionary Studies Institute, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Department of Anthropology, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, United States
| | - Patrick S Randolph-Quinney
- School of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand Medical School, Parktown, Johannesburg, 2193, South Africa; Evolutionary Studies Institute, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; School of Forensic and Applied Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, PR1 2HE, UK.
| | - Jacqueline S Smilg
- School of Radiation Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Department of Radiology, Charlotte Maxeke Academic Hospital, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Tanya N Augustine
- School of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand Medical School, Parktown, Johannesburg, 2193, South Africa
| | - Kudakwashe Jakata
- Evolutionary Studies Institute, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Lee R Berger
- Evolutionary Studies Institute, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Kirkpatrick CL, Campbell RA, Hunt KJ. Paleo-oncology: Taking stock and moving forward. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PALEOPATHOLOGY 2018; 21:3-11. [PMID: 29778410 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpp.2018.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Revised: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This article serves as an introduction to the International Journal of Paleopathology's special issue, Paleo-oncology: Taking Stock and Moving Forward. Reflecting the goals of the special issue, this paper has been designed to provide an overview of the current state of paleo-oncology, to introduce new and innovative paleo-oncological research and ideas, and to serve as a catalyst for future discussions and progress. This paper begins with an overview of the paleo-oncological evidence that can be found in ancient remains, followed by a summary of significant paleo-oncological findings and methodological advances to date. Thereafter, challenges in estimating past prevalence of cancer are highlighted and recommendations are made for future advancements in paleo-oncological research. The ground-breaking studies included in the special issue and referenced throughout this introduction embody the many ways in which progress can be made in the field of paleo-oncology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Casey L Kirkpatrick
- Department of Anthropology, Social Science Center Room 3326, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St., London, Ontario, N6A 3K7, Canada; Paleo-oncology Research Organization, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
| | - Roselyn A Campbell
- Cotsen Institute of Archaeology, University of California, Los Angeles, 308 Charles E. Young Drive North, A210 Fowler Building/Box 951510, Los Angeles, CL, 90095-1510, USA; Paleo-oncology Research Organization, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
| | - Kathryn J Hunt
- Paleo-oncology Research Organization, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Ewald PW. Ancient cancers and infection-induced oncogenesis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PALEOPATHOLOGY 2018; 21:178-185. [PMID: 29778408 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpp.2017.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2017] [Revised: 08/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Cancers have been reported in bone and soft tissue of ancient agricultural populations. Fossilized bones from prehistoric periods provide evidence of tumors but only one example of cancer. Difficulties in diagnosing the causes of lesions in mummified tissue and fossilized bone, and in interpreting the prevalence of cancers from remains, draw attention to the need for complementary approaches to assess the occurrence of cancer in ancient populations. This paper integrates current knowledge about pathogen induction of cancer with phylogenetic analyses of oncogenic pathogens, and concludes that pathogen-induced cancers were probably generally present in ancient historic and prehistoric human populations. Consideration of cancers in extant human populations and wildlife lends credence to this conclusion, with the caveat that the presence of cancers may depend on population-specific exposures to oncogenic parasites and carcinogens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul W Ewald
- Department of Biology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Whitley CB, Boyer JL. Assessing cancer risk factors faced by an Ancestral Puebloan population in the North American Southwest. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PALEOPATHOLOGY 2018; 21:166-177. [PMID: 29778412 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpp.2017.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Revised: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Ancestral Puebloan people in the North American Southwest suffered high rates of disease, poor health, and early age-at-death. Four individuals with skeletal expressions of cancer were found in a pre-Columbian population in the Taos Valley - Reports of malignant neoplasms in the archaeological record are uncommon and their presence in four of 82 individuals is a high occurrence. This study continues Whitley and Boyer's (2012) research testing whether concentrations of ionizing radiation were sufficiently high to induce cancer and related health issues. Access to a preserved and partly reconstructed subterranean pit structure inhabited between AD 1120 and 1170, allows us to test radon concentrations in a residential dwelling. This study found radon occurring in high levels, 19.4-20.3 pCi/L (717.8-751.1 Bq/m3) within the structure. Epidemiological reports are inconsistent when linking specific cancers and radon exposure. However, this study can control for many of the confounding factors plaguing other studies, provide unique data that have the potential to initiate dialogue on the etiology of neoplastic disease in the American Southwest, and add new dimensions to the study of the living conditions and health of the Ancestral Puebloans and their descendants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Catrina Banks Whitley
- Principal Investigator, Bioarchaeology Support, Midlothian, TX, United States; Research Associate, Museum of New Mexico, Office of Archaeological Studies, Santa Fe, New Mexico, United States.
| | - Jeffrey L Boyer
- Research Associate, Museum of New Mexico, Office of Archaeological Studies, Santa Fe, New Mexico, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Miccichè R, Carotenuto G, Sìneo L. The utility of 3D medical imaging techniques for obtaining a reliable differential diagnosis of metastatic cancer in an Iron Age skull. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PALEOPATHOLOGY 2018; 21:41-46. [PMID: 29776883 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpp.2017.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Revised: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this report we present a case of neoplastic disease affecting an Iron Age skull that provides some of the earliest evidence of metastatic cancer (MC) in Western Europe. The cranium comes from the indigenous site of Baucina (Palermo, Sicily) and was recovered in a multiple burial context dated to the 6th-5th centuries BCE. The skull was attributed to an adult female and was characterized by numerous perforating lytic lesions. CT and 3D imaging analyses were crucial for obtaining a diagnosis of MC. Based on the morphology of the lytic lesions and the biological profile of our specimen, we can tentatively suggest breast carcinoma as the primary origin of the clinical manifestations recorded on the skull. This work also highlights the importance of utilizing an analytical approach to paleopathology that incorporates up-to-date CT and 3D imaging techniques.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Miccichè
- Dipartimento di "Scienze e Tecnologie biologiche, chimiche e farmaceutiche" LabHomo, Laboratori di Antropologia, Università di Palermo, Via Archirafi 18, 90123 Palermo, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Carotenuto
- Dipartimento di "Scienze e Tecnologie biologiche, chimiche e farmaceutiche" LabHomo, Laboratori di Antropologia, Università di Palermo, Via Archirafi 18, 90123 Palermo, Italy
| | - Luca Sìneo
- Dipartimento di "Scienze e Tecnologie biologiche, chimiche e farmaceutiche" LabHomo, Laboratori di Antropologia, Università di Palermo, Via Archirafi 18, 90123 Palermo, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Marques C, Matos V, Costa T, Zink A, Cunha E. Absence of evidence or evidence of absence? A discussion on paleoepidemiology of neoplasms with contributions from two Portuguese human skeletal reference collections (19th-20th century). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PALEOPATHOLOGY 2018; 21:83-95. [PMID: 29776881 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpp.2017.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Revised: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Biological, sociocultural, demographic and environmental factors are major contributors to the contemporary burden of oncological diseases. Although cancer's current epidemiological landscape is fairly well known, its past occurrence and history seem more obscure. In order to test the hypothesis that paleopathological diagnosis is an adequate measure of the prevalence of malignant neoplasms in human remains, 131 skeletons (78 females, 53 males, age-at-death range: 15-93 years) from Coimbra and Lisbon Identified Skeletal Collections, 19th/20th century (Portugal), were examined. The cause of death for all of the selected skeletons was a malignant neoplasm, as recorded in the collection's documental files. Through the application of standard paleopathological protocols, it was determined that 17.6% (n = 23) of the skeletons had unequivocal osseous signs of metastatic and/or neoplastic lesions. Forty-five percent (n = 59) had manifest osseous lesions, however the lesional patterns were not clearly pathognomonic. Although all of the analyzed individuals were documented as having succumbed to malignant neoplastic disease, a total of 37.4% (n = 49) of the individuals did not exhibit osseous abnormalities. Individuals with breast cancer often exhibited lesions. This study presents a quantitative estimate of the accuracy of paleopathological diagnosis; as well as a theoretical reflection on the burden of cancer in the past. We emphasize the need for a paradigm shift while thinking about the future of paleo-oncology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carina Marques
- Research Centre for Anthropology and Health (CIAS), Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Laboratory of Forensic Anthropology, Department of Life Sciences/Center of Functional Ecology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Vítor Matos
- Research Centre for Anthropology and Health (CIAS), Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Tiago Costa
- Faculty of Medicine, Lisbon University, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Albert Zink
- Institute for Mummies and the Iceman, Drususallee 1/Viale Druso 1, 39100 Bozen-Bolzano, Italy
| | - Eugénia Cunha
- Laboratory of Forensic Anthropology, Department of Life Sciences/Center of Functional Ecology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Hunt KJ, Roberts C, Kirkpatrick C. Taking stock: A systematic review of archaeological evidence of cancers in human and early hominin remains. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PALEOPATHOLOGY 2018; 21:12-26. [PMID: 29773338 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpp.2018.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2017] [Revised: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This study summarizes data from 154 paleopathological studies documenting 272 archaeologically recovered individuals exhibiting skeletal or soft tissue evidence of cancer (malignant neoplastic disease) between 1.8 million years ago and 1900 CE. The paper reviews and summarizes the temporal, spatial and demographic distribution of the evidence and the methods used to provide the cancer diagnoses. Metastasis to bone is the most widely reported evidence (n = 161), followed by multiple myeloma (n = 55). In the dataset, males were represented more than females (M = 127, F = 94), and middle-adults (35-49) and old-adults (50+) were represented most among age groups (MA = 77, OA = 66). The majority of the evidence comes from Northern Europe (n = 51) and Northern Africa (n = 46). The data are summarized in the Cancer Research in Ancient Bodies (CRAB) Database, a growing online resource for future paleo-oncological research. This systematic review contributes to broader studies of malignant neoplastic disease in antiquity; it provides an overview of paleo-oncological data, discusses the many practical and methodological challenges of paleo-oncological research, and dispels presumptions about cancer's rarity in the past.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn J Hunt
- Paleo-Oncology Research Organization; 106 Group, United States.
| | | | - Casey Kirkpatrick
- Western Ontario University, Canada; Paleo-Oncology Research Organization, United States
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Abegg C, Desideri J. A probable case of multiple myeloma in a female individual from the Simon Identified Skeletal Collection (late 19th-early 20th century, Vaud, Switzerland). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PALEOPATHOLOGY 2018; 21:158-165. [PMID: 29776886 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpp.2017.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Revised: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We present the case of an individual from the Simon Identified Skeletal Collection (Vaud, Switzerland) who appears to have been affected by a form of neoplastic disease. A detailed description and differential diagnosis of the lesions was conducted and is presented here. Considering the biological profile of the individual, the distribution of the lesions, and their appearance, a case is made for multiple myeloma as the most likely diagnosis. This case study demonstrates the importance of adopting a detailed approach for recording the metric and non-metric traits of lesions, using multiple methods of analysis, and providing graphic and photographic documentation in order to provide valuable comparison material through publication. The good preservation of the remains and the background information available for the individual also make this case ideal for inclusion in future comparative studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudine Abegg
- Section of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Department F.-A. Forel for Environmental and Aquatic Sciences, Laboratory of Prehistoric Archaeology and Anthropology, University of Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Jocelyne Desideri
- Section of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Department F.-A. Forel for Environmental and Aquatic Sciences, Laboratory of Prehistoric Archaeology and Anthropology, University of Geneva, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Cancer in two Renaissance families. Lancet Oncol 2018; 19:e74. [PMID: 29413475 DOI: 10.1016/s1470-2045(18)30027-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
28
|
Rifkin RF, Potgieter M, Ramond J, Cowan DA. Ancient oncogenesis, infection and human evolution. Evol Appl 2017; 10:949-964. [PMID: 29151852 PMCID: PMC5680625 DOI: 10.1111/eva.12497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The recent discovery that malignant neoplastic lesions date back nearly 2 million years ago not only highlights the antiquity of cancer in the human lineage, but also provides remarkable insight into ancestral hominin disease pathology. Using these Early Pleistocene examples as a point of departure, we emphasize the prominent role of viral and bacterial pathogens in oncogenesis and evaluate the impact of pathogens on human evolutionary processes in Africa. In the Shakespearean vernacular "what's past is prologue," we highlight the significance of novel information derived from ancient pathogenic DNA. In particular, and given the temporal depth of human occupation in sub-Saharan Africa, it is emphasized that the region is ideally positioned to play a strategic role in the discovery of ancient pathogenic drivers of not only human mortality, but also human evolution. Ancient African pathogen genome data can provide novel revelations concerning human-pathogen coevolutionary processes, and such knowledge is essential for forecasting the ways in which emerging zoonotic and increasingly transmissible diseases might influence human demography and longevity in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Riaan F. Rifkin
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Genomics (CMEG)Department of GeneticsUniversity of PretoriaHatfieldSouth Africa
| | - Marnie Potgieter
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Genomics (CMEG)Department of GeneticsUniversity of PretoriaHatfieldSouth Africa
| | - Jean‐Baptiste Ramond
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Genomics (CMEG)Department of GeneticsUniversity of PretoriaHatfieldSouth Africa
| | - Don A. Cowan
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Genomics (CMEG)Department of GeneticsUniversity of PretoriaHatfieldSouth Africa
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Charlier P, Deo S, Bianucci R, Lippi D. Cancer in two Renaissance families. Lancet Oncol 2017; 18:e707. [DOI: 10.1016/s1470-2045(17)30860-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
30
|
Adeola HA, Soyele OO, Adefuye AO, Jimoh SA, Butali A. Omics-based molecular techniques in oral pathology centred cancer: prospect and challenges in Africa. Cancer Cell Int 2017; 17:61. [PMID: 28592923 PMCID: PMC5460491 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-017-0432-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The completion of the human genome project and the accomplished milestones in the human proteome project; as well as the progress made so far in computational bioinformatics and "big data" processing have contributed immensely to individualized/personalized medicine in the developed world. MAIN BODY At the dawn of precision medicine, various omics-based therapies and bioengineering can now be applied accurately for the diagnosis, prognosis, treatment, and risk stratification of cancer in a manner that was hitherto not thought possible. The widespread introduction of genomics and other omics-based approaches into the postgraduate training curriculum of diverse medical and dental specialties, including pathology has improved the proficiency of practitioners in the use of novel molecular signatures in patient management. In addition, intricate details about disease disparity among different human populations are beginning to emerge. This would facilitate the use of tailor-made novel theranostic methods based on emerging molecular evidences. CONCLUSION In this review, we examined the challenges and prospects of using currently available omics-based technologies vis-à-vis oral pathology as well as prompt cancer diagnosis and treatment in a resource limited setting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Henry A. Adeola
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of the Western Cape and Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Cape Town, South Africa
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences and Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Olujide O. Soyele
- Department of Oral Maxillo-facial Surgery and Oral Pathology, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | - Anthonio O. Adefuye
- Division of Health Sciences Education, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Sikiru A. Jimoh
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Walter Sisulu University, Mthatha, Eastern Cape South Africa
| | - Azeez Butali
- Department of Oral Pathology, Radiology and Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA USA
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Salih AM, Alfaki MM, Alam-Elhuda DM, Nouradyem MM. Factors Delaying Presentation of Sudanese Breast Cancer Patients: an Analysis Using Andersen's Model. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2017; 17:2105-10. [PMID: 27221903 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2016.17.4.2105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE A multicenter, observational, cross-sectional study was conducted to assess factors delaying presentation of breast cancer cases. MATERIALS AND METHODS Data were collected from a pair of highly specialized referral centers, both located in the center of the Sudanese capital, Khartoum. For a total of 153 eligible respondents, durations of delay, clinicodemographic factors and reasons of referral were collected from our respondents through self-administered questionnaires. Logistic regression analysis and ANOVA were used to test the relation between periods of delay and different factors. Odd ratios (OR's) and their correspondent Confidence intervals (95% CI's). Delay periods were studied with Andersen's model. RESULTS The average duration of delay in our study was 11.9 (±11.2) months. Only a quarter of our patients presented early within the first 3 months after onset of their symptoms. About 47.7% arrived later during the course of the first year, while it took beyond that for the last 27% to come. A prior diagnosis of BC was the only predictor of early presentation (for 3-12 months OR=9.6 (<0.00), 95% CI 9.55-9.75; for >12 months OR=9.3 (<0.00), 95% CI 9.33-9.33). Out of the 12 different reasons for delay given by our respondents, none showed a significant difference between patients presenting early or late. Financial incapacity (17.5%), ignorance about BC (14.3), and misinterpreting symptoms (12.7%) were the top three whys of delay. CONCLUSIONS Our findings support existence of a non-uniform pattern of delay among Sudanese BC patients. Changing currently adopted awareness elevating strategies into much more inclusive approaches is strongly recommended.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alaaddin M Salih
- Faculty of Medicine, International University of Africa, Sudan, E-mail :
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Chene G, Lamblin G, Le Bail-Carval K, Beaufils E, Chabert P, Gaucherand P, Mellier G, Coppens Y. [Lucy's cancer(s): A prehistorical origin?]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 44:690-700. [PMID: 27839715 DOI: 10.1016/j.gyobfe.2016.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The recent discovery of the earliest hominin cancer, a 1.7-million-year-old osteosarcoma from South Africa has raised the question of the origin of cancer and its determinants. We aimed to determine whether malignant and benign tumors exist in the past societies. METHODS A review of literature using Medline database and Google about benign and malignant tumors in prehistory and antiquity. Only cases with morphological and paraclinical analysis were included. The following keywords were used: cancer; paleopathology; malignant neoplasia; benign tumor; leiomyoma; myoma; breast cancer; mummies; soft tissue tumor; Antiquity. RESULTS Thirty-five articles were found in wich there were 34 malignant tumors, 10 benign tumors and 11 gynecological benign tumors. CONCLUSIONS The fact that there were some malignant tumors, even few tumors and probably underdiagnosed, in the past may be evidence that cancer is not only a disease of the modern world. Cancer may be indeed a moving target: we have likely predisposing genes to cancer inherited from our ancestors. The malignant disease could therefore appear because of our modern lifestyle (carcinogens and risk factors related to the modern industrial society).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Chene
- Département de gynécologie, hôpital Femme-Mère-Enfant, HFME, hospices civils de Lyon, CHU de Lyon, 59, boulevard Pinel, 69000 Lyon, France; EMR 3738, université Claude-Bernard Lyon 1, 69000 Lyon, France.
| | - G Lamblin
- Département de gynécologie, hôpital Femme-Mère-Enfant, HFME, hospices civils de Lyon, CHU de Lyon, 59, boulevard Pinel, 69000 Lyon, France
| | - K Le Bail-Carval
- Département de gynécologie, hôpital Femme-Mère-Enfant, HFME, hospices civils de Lyon, CHU de Lyon, 59, boulevard Pinel, 69000 Lyon, France
| | - E Beaufils
- Département de gynécologie, hôpital Femme-Mère-Enfant, HFME, hospices civils de Lyon, CHU de Lyon, 59, boulevard Pinel, 69000 Lyon, France
| | - P Chabert
- Département de gynécologie, hôpital Femme-Mère-Enfant, HFME, hospices civils de Lyon, CHU de Lyon, 59, boulevard Pinel, 69000 Lyon, France
| | - P Gaucherand
- Département de gynécologie, hôpital Femme-Mère-Enfant, HFME, hospices civils de Lyon, CHU de Lyon, 59, boulevard Pinel, 69000 Lyon, France
| | - G Mellier
- Département de gynécologie, hôpital Femme-Mère-Enfant, HFME, hospices civils de Lyon, CHU de Lyon, 59, boulevard Pinel, 69000 Lyon, France
| | - Y Coppens
- Chaire de paléoanthropologie, collège de France, 75005 Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Odes EJ, Randolph-Quinney PS, Steyn M, Throckmorton Z, Smilg JS, Zipfel B, Augustine TN, de Beer F, Hoffman JW, Franklin RD, Berger LR. Earliest hominin cancer: 1.7-million-year-old osteosarcoma from Swartkrans Cave, South Africa. S AFR J SCI 2016. [DOI: 10.17159/sajs.2016/20150471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract The reported incidence of neoplasia in the extinct human lineage is rare, with only a few confirmed cases of Middle or Later Pleistocene dates reported. It has generally been assumed that pre-modern incidence of neoplastic disease of any kind is rare and limited to benign conditions, but new fossil evidence suggests otherwise. We here present the earliest identifiable case of malignant neoplastic disease from an early human ancestor dated to 1.8–1.6 million years old. The diagnosis has been made possible only by advances in 3D imaging methods as diagnostic aids. We present a case report based on re-analysis of a hominin metatarsal specimen (SK 7923) from the cave site of Swartkrans in the Cradle of Humankind, South Africa. The expression of malignant osteosarcoma in the Swartkrans specimen indicates that whilst the upsurge in malignancy incidence is correlated with modern lifestyles, there is no reason to suspect that primary bone tumours would have been any less frequent in ancient specimens. Such tumours are not related to lifestyle and often occur in younger individuals. As such, malignancy has a considerable antiquity in the fossil record, as evidenced by this specimen.
Collapse
|
34
|
Caceres G, Puskas JA, Magliocco AM. Circulating Tumor Cells: A Window Into Tumor Development and Therapeutic Effectiveness. Cancer Control 2016; 22:167-76. [PMID: 26068761 DOI: 10.1177/107327481502200207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are an important diagnostic tool for understanding the metastatic process and the development of cancer. METHODS This review covers the background, relevance, and potential limitations of CTCs as a measurement of cancer progression and how information derived from CTCs may affect treatment efficacy. It also highlights the difficulties of characterizing these rare cells due to the limited cell surface molecules unique to CTCs and each particular type of cancer. RESULTS The analysis of cancer in real time, through the measure of the number of CTCs in a " liquid" biopsy specimen, gives us the ability to monitor the therapeutic efficacy of treatments and possibly the metastatic potential of a tumor. CONCLUSIONS Through novel and innovative techniques yielding encouraging results, including microfluidic techniques, isolating and molecularly analyzing CTCs are becoming a reality. CTCs hold promise for understanding how tumors work and potentially aiding in their demise.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gisela Caceres
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Feldman M, Hershkovitz I, Sklan EH, Kahila Bar-Gal G, Pap I, Szikossy I, Rosin-Arbesfeld R. Detection of a Tumor Suppressor Gene Variant Predisposing to Colorectal Cancer in an 18th Century Hungarian Mummy. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0147217. [PMID: 26863316 PMCID: PMC4749341 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0147217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations of the Adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) gene are common and strongly associated with the development of colorectal adenomas and carcinomas. While extensively studied in modern populations, reports on visceral tumors in ancient populations are scarce. To the best of our knowledge, genetic characterization of mutations associated with colorectal cancer in ancient specimens has not yet been described. In this study we have sequenced hotspots for mutations in the APC gene isolated from 18th century naturally preserved human Hungarian mummies. While wild type APC sequences were found in two mummies, we discovered the E1317Q missense mutation, known to be a colorectal cancer predisposing mutation, in a large intestine tissue of an 18th century mummy. Our data suggests that this genetic predisposition to cancer already existed in the pre-industrialization era. This study calls for similar investigations of ancient specimens from different periods and geographical locations to be conducted and shared for the purpose of obtaining a larger scale analysis that will shed light on past cancer epidemiology and on cancer evolution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michal Feldman
- Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
- * E-mail:
| | - Israel Hershkovitz
- Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Ella H. Sklan
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Gila Kahila Bar-Gal
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Robert H. Smith faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ildikó Pap
- Department of Anthropology, Hungarian Natural History Museum, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ildikó Szikossy
- Department of Anthropology, Hungarian Natural History Museum, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Rina Rosin-Arbesfeld
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Lieverse AR, Temple DH, Bazaliiskii VI. Paleopathological description and diagnosis of metastatic carcinoma in an Early Bronze Age (4588+34 Cal. BP) forager from the Cis-Baikal region of Eastern Siberia. PLoS One 2014; 9:e113919. [PMID: 25470373 PMCID: PMC4254749 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0113919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Accepted: 10/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Extensive osteolytic and osteoblastic lesions were observed on the skeletal remains of an adult male excavated from an Early Bronze Age cemetery dated to 4556+32 years BP, located in the Cis-Baikal region of Siberia (Russian Federation). Lytic lesions ranged in size from several mm to over 60 mm in diameter and had irregular, moth-eaten borders. Many of these lesions destroyed trabecular bone, though a hollowed shell of cortical bone often remained observable. Radiographic analysis revealed numerous lytic lesions within trabecular bone that had not yet affected the cortex. Blastic lesions were identified as spiculated lines, bands, or nodules of mostly immature (woven) bone formed at irregular intervals. Anatomical elements with the greatest involvement included those of the axial skeleton (skull, vertebrae, sacrum, ribs, and sternum) as well as proximal appendicular elements (ossa coxae, proximal femora, clavicles, scapulae, and proximal humeri). Osteocoalescence of destructive foci was observed on the ilium and frontal bone, with the largest lesion found on the right ilium. Differential diagnoses include metastatic carcinoma, mycotic infections, tuberculosis, Langerhan's cell histiocytosis, and multiple myeloma. Based on lesion appearance and distribution, age and sex of the individual, as well as pathogen endemism, the most likely diagnostic option for this set of lesions is metastatic carcinoma. The age and sex of this individual and appearance of the lesions may reflect carcinoma of the lung or, possibly, prostate. This represents one of the earliest cases of metastatic carcinoma worldwide and the oldest case documented thus far from Northeast Asia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angela R. Lieverse
- Department of Archaeology and Anthropology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5B1, Canada
| | - Daniel H. Temple
- Department of Sociology and Anthropology, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Vladimir I. Bazaliiskii
- Department of Archaeology and Ethnography, Irkutsk State University, Irkutsk, 664003, Russian Federation
| |
Collapse
|