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Huang L, Cao Y, Liu Y, Zhu W, Zhou M. Peer effects on rural children's depression: do online games matter? Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2024; 33:1707-1720. [PMID: 37553541 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-023-02271-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
With the increasing prevalence of depression among children and adolescents, understanding the role of peer contagion in the spread of emotional distress is a critical area of research. The aim of this study is to examine the effect of classmates' depression on a rural child's own depression in China (aged 9-17, N = 1777). The study controls for possible endogeneity of peer effects through the instrumental variable method (the Wald F statistic is significant at the 1% level) and random class assignment data (all students and teachers are randomly assigned to classes).The results indicate that when the average depression score of a rural child's classmates increases by 1 point, that child's own depression score is likely to increase by 0.345 points (p value < .01).This study further finds that the contagion of depression among classmates is more severe for girls and children who play online games, and less severe for children who are cheerful and good-humored. Online games may be an important mechanism through which peer effects operate. Children's classmates' negative emotions are found to increase the occurrence of the children's internalizing behavior in online games, in turn increasing the occurrence of negative emotions in these children themselves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Huang
- College of Economics and Management, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, Liaoning, China
| | - Yinchuan Cao
- College of Economics and Management, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, Liaoning, China
| | - Yuhai Liu
- College of Economics and Management, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, Liaoning, China
| | - Weiming Zhu
- College of Economics and Management, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, Liaoning, China
| | - Mi Zhou
- College of Economics and Management, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, Liaoning, China.
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Vidaña-Pérez D, Mus S, Monzón J, Dávila G, Fahsen N, Barnoya J, Thrasher JF. Factors Associated With the Changes in Smoking and Electronic cigarette use in Adolescents During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Longitudinal Analysis. J Adolesc Health 2024; 74:925-932. [PMID: 38206227 PMCID: PMC11031318 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2023.11.399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Explore the factors associated with the changes in smoking and electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use and susceptibility among adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS We surveyed a cohort of students (7th-12th grade) from private schools in Guatemala. Baseline (May-September 2019) was conducted in-person and follow-up (June-November 2020) online during the lockdown. Separate Generalized Estimating Equations logistic models regressed current smoking (n = 3,729), current e-cigarette use (n = 3,729), smoking susceptibility among never-smokers (n = 2,596), and susceptibility to e-cigarette use among never-users (n = 1,597) on online ad exposure, visiting stores, social network smoking/e-cigarette use, substance use (alcohol, marihuana, and cigarette or e-cigarette), perceived harm of using cigarettes/e-cigarettes, sociodemographic characteristics, and survey wave. Interactions were assessed between time and ad exposures, friends smoking and e-cigarette use. RESULTS Frequency of store visits, exposure to online ads, and the use of cigarette and e-cigarette lowered at follow-up. Online e-cigarette ads, having family and friends who smoke, and current e-cigarette use increased the likelihood of being a current smoker. Frequent exposure to online e-cigarette ads, having family who use e-cigarettes, and being a current smoker were associated with higher likelihood of current e-cigarette use. Exposure to either online ads or having friends that smoke or use e-cigarettes, increased susceptibility to using either product. Interaction results showed that high exposure to online e-cigarette ads overtime increased the susceptibility to use e-cigarettes. DISCUSSION Exposure to online ads and friends and family cigarette and e-cigarette use increased adolescent consumption and susceptibility during the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dèsirée Vidaña-Pérez
- Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Sophia Mus
- Departamento de Investigación, Unidad de Cirugía Cardiovascular (UNICAR), Guatemala City, Guatemala
| | - José Monzón
- Departamento de Investigación, Unidad de Cirugía Cardiovascular (UNICAR), Guatemala City, Guatemala
| | - Gustavo Dávila
- Departamento de Investigación, Unidad de Cirugía Cardiovascular (UNICAR), Guatemala City, Guatemala
| | - Natalie Fahsen
- Departamento de Investigación, Unidad de Cirugía Cardiovascular (UNICAR), Guatemala City, Guatemala
| | - Joaquin Barnoya
- Departamento de Investigación, Unidad de Cirugía Cardiovascular (UNICAR), Guatemala City, Guatemala
| | - James F Thrasher
- Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina.
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Parrado-González A, Fernández-Calderón F, Newall PWS, León-Jariego JC. Peer and Parental Social Norms as Determinants of Gambling Initiation: A Prospective Study. J Adolesc Health 2023:S1054-139X(23)00143-X. [PMID: 37061904 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2023.02.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Despite the potential consequences of gambling during adolescence, the factors involved in the initiation of this behavior are relatively understudied. Using a longitudinal design, the present study analyzed the contribution of parental and peer norms to adolescent gambling initiation. METHODS A sample of 440 adolescent non-gamblers (50.9% males, meanage = 14.85 [standard deviation = 1.41]) completed a baseline survey and a 1-year follow-up questionnaire. The baseline survey included assessments of perceived descriptive and injunctive norms from parents and peers, perceived parent and peer gambling severity, and susceptibility to peer pressure. A multivariate hierarchical logistic regression model was used to assess the contribution of baseline measures to adolescent gambling initiation at follow-up. RESULTS Of the 440 non-gamblers assessed at baseline, 160 (36.4%) reported initiating gambling at follow-up. All the peer factors were prospectively associated with gambling initiation, while only the perceived injunctive norms of parents were associated with initiation. Higher susceptibility to peer pressure, perceived gambling by peers, and peer and parental approval of gambling at baseline were associated with higher odds of adolescent gambling initiation at follow-up. In contrast, the likelihood of gambling initiation among adolescents decreased as the perception of peer gambling severity increased. DISCUSSION The identification of parental and peer factors associated with adolescent gambling initiation may provide support for relevant preventative interventions aimed at avoiding or delaying gambling initiation among adolescents. Specifically, to reduce the initiation of gambling, preventative programs should focus on helping adolescents to find strategies for resisting peer influences.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fermín Fernández-Calderón
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Psychology, University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain; Research Center on Natural Resources, Health and the Environment, University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain
| | - Philip W S Newall
- School of Psychological Science, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom; Experimental Gambling Research Laboratory, School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, CQUniversity, Sydney, Australia
| | - José C León-Jariego
- Department of Social, Developmental and Educational Psychology, University of Huelva, Spain
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Zhou A, Li X, Song Y, Hu B, Chen Y, Cui P, Li J. Academic Performance and Peer or Parental Tobacco Use among Non-Smoking Adolescents: Influence of Smoking Interactions on Intention to Smoke. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:1048. [PMID: 36673810 PMCID: PMC9859142 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20021048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intention to smoke is an important predictor of future smoking among adolescents. The purpose of our study was to examine the interaction between academic performance and parents/peer tobacco use on adolescents' intention to smoke. METHODS A multi-stage stratified sampling was used to select participants, involving 9394 students aged between 9-16 years in Changchun city, northeastern China. Multiple logistic regression analyses were conducted to examine the individual effect of academic performance and peer/parental smoking behavior. Stratified logistic regressions were conducted to examine the protective effect of academic performance based on peer or parental smoking. Interaction effects of academic performance × peer/parental smoking on adolescents' intention to smoke were tested. RESULTS Of all the non-smoking students sampled, 11.9% intended to smoke within the next five years. The individual effect of academic performance and peer/parental smoking was significant. The protective effect of academic performance on the intention to smoke was significant regardless of whether peers smoked or not. However, the protective effect was not significant among adolescents with only maternal smoking and both parental smoking. The current study found the significant interaction effects of academic performance × peer smoking and the academic performance × both parents' smoking. Students with poor academic performance were more likely to intend to smoke if their peers or both parents smoked. CONCLUSION These preliminary results suggest that peer smoking or smoking by both parents reinforces the association between low academic performance and the intention to smoke among adolescents. Enhancing school engagement, focusing on social interaction among adolescents with low academic performance, and building smoke-free families may reduce adolescents' intention to smoke.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Jinghua Li
- School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
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Changing Behaviour: Blindness to Risk and a Critique of Tobacco Control Policy in China—A Qualitative Study. CHILDREN 2022; 9:children9091412. [PMID: 36138721 PMCID: PMC9497915 DOI: 10.3390/children9091412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
(1) Background: It is well recognised that a focus on changing behaviour remains a dominant and often appealing approach to develop health policies. This study provides a sociological insight into young adults’ knowledge of the health effects of smoking cigarettes. We also examine the challenges in tobacco control and criticize the implementation policies in Chinese context. (2) Methods: The study applies both a micro-sociological and a macro-sociological approach using semi-structured interviews and documents as the primary research methodology. Fieldwork was conducted from July to September 2016 and December 2016 to March 2017. The qualitative study involved 45 semi-structured interviews with young adults aged 16–24 years (15 females and 30 males) in Tianjin, China. A grounded theory approach was used for a thematic analysis. (3) Results: The participants knew cigarettes are harmful, although they lacked a comprehensive understanding of the health risks of smoking. Because the health consequences usually emerge after a long period of smoking, young smokers decide to take the health risk. All participants have a general understanding of China’s tobacco control policies and think that the implementation is ineffective. (4) Conclusions: Changing in smoking is a process embedded in complex social environments and cultures. Smoking behaviour is not only a personal choice, but also related to personal connections with peers and identity in Chinese society. The Chinese government has made significant achievements in tobacco control since joining the WHO framework convention on tobacco control in 2005. However, implementation needs to be stricter in order to achieve international levels of control, especially in taxes on tobacco product and the price of cigarettes. There is an urgent need for the regulation of e-cigarettes in China.
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Ba-Break M, Moftah F, Annuzaili DA, Emran MY, Al-Khawlani AAH, AL-Masnaah KA, Osman DM. The predictors of adolescents’ smoking in Egypt, the global youth tobacco survey findings. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADOLESCENCE AND YOUTH 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/02673843.2021.1991402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Ba-Break
- Nuffield Centre for International Health and Development, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Farag Moftah
- Public Health and Community Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Egypt
| | - Dhekra Amin Annuzaili
- Senior Public Health Advisor, Ministry of Public Health and Population, Sanaa, Yemen
| | - Mohammed Y Emran
- Family Medicine Department, King Khalid University Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Arwa Ali H Al-Khawlani
- Gynecology and Obstetric Department, Sulaiman Al Habib Hospital – Al-Qassim, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kawkab A AL-Masnaah
- Gynecology and Obstetric Department, AL-Emeis Hospital Gizan, Sabya, Saudi Arabia
| | - Doaa Mohamed Osman
- Public Health and Community Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Egypt
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Chen Y, Kawachi I, Berkman LF, Trudel-Fitzgerald C, Kubzansky LD. Does optimal parenting style help offspring maintain healthy weight into mid-life? Prev Med 2019; 123:84-90. [PMID: 30844500 PMCID: PMC6664443 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2019.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
An authoritative parenting style is generally associated with healthier body weight in children and adolescents. However, whether the protective effect of an authoritative style on offspring body weight may persist into adulthood has seldom been investigated. In this study we examined the longitudinal association between parenting style and body mass index (BMI) change in mid-life. Longitudinal data from the Midlife in the United States Study (N = 3929) were analyzed using generalized estimating equations, adjusting for a range of relevant covariates. Parenting styles were assessed at phase I (1995-1996) using items measuring parental warmth and control, while BMI was assessed at phases I and II (2004-2006). Four parenting styles were derived following prior research: authoritative, authoritarian, permissive, and uninvolved styles. Compared to an authoritative style, an authoritarian style was associated with 14% higher increase in the standardized BMI change score (β = 0.14, 95% confidence interval: 0.03, 0.26). While there was suggestive evidence that an uninvolved versus authoritative style might also be associated with greater BMI increase, we found no differences between a permissive and authoritative style. This study suggested that the protective effect of an authoritative parenting style on offspring body weight may persist well into mid-life, particularly as compared to the authoritarian style and possibly the uninvolved style. Such work may reinforce the importance of a public health focus on improving parenting practices and suggest the value of implementing parenting programs, as one strategy for increasing the likelihood that individuals can maintain healthy weight well into adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Chen
- Human Flourishing Program, Institute for Quantitative Social Science, Harvard University, United States of America; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, United States of America.
| | - Ichiro Kawachi
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, United States of America
| | - Lisa F Berkman
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, United States of America; Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, United States of America; Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, United States of America; Center for Population and Development Studies, Harvard University, United States of America
| | - Claudia Trudel-Fitzgerald
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, United States of America; Lee Kum Sheung Center for Health and Happiness, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, United States of America
| | - Laura D Kubzansky
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, United States of America; Lee Kum Sheung Center for Health and Happiness, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, United States of America
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Patten C, Wang XQ, Ebbert JO, Little MA, Talcott GW, Hryshko-Mullen AS, Klesges RC. Influence of gender and peer tobacco use on tobacco use intentions after a period of involuntary tobacco abstinence among U.S. Air Force trainees. Prev Med Rep 2019; 13:270-276. [PMID: 30723662 PMCID: PMC6351393 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2019.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examined gender, prior tobacco use, and social-environmental factors as predictors of intentions to use tobacco (cigarette smoking and/or smokeless tobacco [ST]) after a forced period of abstinence among U.S. Air Force (USAF) trainees. Trainees completed 8½ weeks of basic military training (BMT), then 4 weeks of Technical Training; both required abstinence from tobacco. A cross-sectional survey of 13,514 USAF trainees (73% male, 90% age 18–24, 43% prior tobacco use) was conducted at the beginning of the 4-week Technical Training period. Overall, 17% of the sample reported future tobacco use intentions. Intentions for future tobacco use were less prevalent among non-tobacco users before BMT (1%) than those reporting any tobacco use (37%). From a multivariable logistic regression model predicting intentions to use any tobacco after Technical Training, significant two-way interaction effects were detected between gender, and tobacco use prior to BMT (p = 0.0001), and number of close friends who smoked cigarettes (p = 0.018), and number of close friends who used ST (p = 0.029). Among non-tobacco users before BMT, females were more than twice as likely as males to report tobacco intentions (Odds Ratio = 2.2, Bonferroni corrected 95% CI: 1.14.4, p = 0.011); no gender differences were detected among tobacco users. For females, but not males, having more friends who smoked was associated with greater likelihood of tobacco intentions (Bonferroni corrected p ≤ 0.05). In contrast, for males, but not females, having more friends using ST was associated with greater likelihood of tobacco intentions (Bonferroni corrected p < 0.05). In this sample of USAF trainees, the study provides novel findings on how males and females are influenced differently by their prior tobacco use and peers' tobacco use in predicting tobacco intentions. Prevention efforts focused on uptake and resumption of tobacco use, along with gender-specific strategies, may be warranted. Prior tobacco use predicts tobacco use intentions among U.S. Air Force trainees. Male and female trainees are influenced differently by their peers' tobacco use. Gender-specific strategies targeting social norms about tobacco may be warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christi Patten
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st St SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Corresponding author at: Mayo Clinic, BioBusiness 5, 200 1st Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
| | - Xin-Qun Wang
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia School of Medicine, P.O. Box 800717, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Jon O. Ebbert
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st St SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Melissa A. Little
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia School of Medicine, P.O. Box 800717, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Gerald W. Talcott
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia School of Medicine, P.O. Box 800717, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Ann S. Hryshko-Mullen
- Wilford Hall Ambulatory Surgical Center, Joint Base San Antonio-Lackland, TX 78236, USA
| | - Robert C. Klesges
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia School of Medicine, P.O. Box 800717, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
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Resen HM. Impact of Parents and Peers Smoking on Tobacco Consumption Behavior of University Students. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2018; 19:677-681. [PMID: 29580039 PMCID: PMC5980840 DOI: 10.22034/apjcp.2018.19.3.677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: In the United Arab Emirates, smoking prevalence has increased in both sexes, especially among young adults. Various factors have led to this catastrophe; examples include coverage on TV and social media, as well as market availability. One major influence is smoking by parents and peers. A lot of students may start smoking because of the behavior of their family and friends, and therefore it is necessary to quantify adverse contributions. The aim of this project was to study to what degree parents and peers smoking habits may impact on smoking behavior of students at the University of Sharjah. Methods: This cross-sectional observational study with a non-probability convenient type of sampling, was conducted with university students aged 18 to 23. Information was collected using a self-administered questionnaire, comprising 23 questions, developed by ourselves. Results: A total of 400 University of Sharjah students (50% males and 50% females) were included.Some 15.8% of the smoking students had smoking parents, and 17.1% of them had smoking peers. The respective figures were 22.2% and 21.7% for males and 10% and 7.8% for females. Conclusions: Peers had a stronger impact than parents and both parents and peers had greater influence on males than on females. Interestingly, almost 80% of the smoking students did not have smoking parents or peers, which leaves the question unanswered of why they started smoking in the first place. Actions at a societal level should be taken into consideration to prevent smoking and thus help create a non-smoking generation.
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Cerdá M, Sarvet AL, Wall M, Feng T, Keyes KM, Galea S, Hasin DS. Medical marijuana laws and adolescent use of marijuana and other substances: Alcohol, cigarettes, prescription drugs, and other illicit drugs. Drug Alcohol Depend 2018; 183:62-68. [PMID: 29227839 PMCID: PMC5803452 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2017.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Revised: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Historical shifts have taken place in the last twenty years in marijuana policy. The impact of medical marijuana laws (MML) on use of substances other than marijuana is not well understood. We examined the relationship between state MML and use of marijuana, cigarettes, illicit drugs, nonmedical use of prescription opioids, amphetamines, and tranquilizers, as well as binge drinking. METHODS Pre-post MML difference-in-difference analyses were performed on a nationally representative sample of adolescents in 48 contiguous U.S. states. Participants were 1,179,372U.S. 8th, 10th, and 12th graders in the national Monitoring the Future annual surveys conducted in 1991-2015. Measurements were any self-reported past-30-day use of marijuana, cigarettes, non-medical use of opioids, amphetamines and tranquilizers, other illicit substances, and any past-two-week binge drinking (5+ drinks per occasion). RESULTS Among 8th graders, the prevalence of marijuana, binge drinking, cigarette use, non-medical use of opioids, amphetamines and tranquilizers, and any non-marijuana illicit drug use decreased after MML enactment (0.2-2.4% decrease; p-values:<0.0001-0.0293). Among 10th graders, the prevalence of substance use did not change after MML enactment (p-values: 0.177-0.938). Among 12th graders, non-medical prescription opioid and cigarette use increased after MML enactment (0.9-2.7% increase; p-values: <0.0001-0.0026). CONCLUSIONS MML enactment is associated with decreases in marijuana and other drugs in early adolescence in those states. Mechanisms that explain the increase in non-medical prescription opioid and cigarette use among 12th graders following MML enactment deserve further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Cerdá
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of California, Davis, 2315 Stockton Blvd., 95817 Sacramento, CA, United States.
| | - Aaron L Sarvet
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States; New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, United States
| | - Melanie Wall
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States; New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, United States; Department of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Tianshu Feng
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, United States
| | - Katherine M Keyes
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States; Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Sandro Galea
- Boston School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Deborah S Hasin
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States; New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, United States; Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
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Skogen JC, Bøe T, Sivertsen B, Hysing M. Use of alcohol, tobacco and illicit drugs among ethnic Norwegian and ethnic minority adolescents in Hordaland county, Norway: the youth@hordaland-survey. ETHNICITY & HEALTH 2018; 23:43-56. [PMID: 27764960 DOI: 10.1080/13557858.2016.1246422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe potential differences in unhealthy behaviours among ethnic Norwegian adolescents and minority adolescents from countries within the European Union, European Economic Area or US (EU/EEA countries) and adolescents from non-EU/EEA countries. Specifically, we aimed to investigate ethnic differences in use of alcohol, tobacco and illicit drugs, and potential confounding due to socio-demographic characteristics. DESIGN Cross-sectional population-based study of adolescents aged 16-19 (N = 10,122), with self-reported ethnicity as grouping variable, and self-reported use of alcohol, tobacco and illicit drugs as dependent variables. RESULTS We found that minority adolescents from EU/EEA and non-EU/EEA countries differed from ethnic Norwegian adolescents on important indicators of unhealthy behaviours. Compared to Norwegian adolescents, adolescents from EU/EEA were more likely to report having tried to smoke, to be a daily smoker and to ever having tried an illicit drug (adjusted odds ratio (OR) ranging from 2.01 to 3.74). They were, however, less likely to have tried snus (a form of smokeless tobacco; adjusted OR 0.64; confidence interval (CI) 95% 0.43-0.97) and to report daily snus use (adjusted OR 0.31; CI95% 0.15-0.67). There were no differences in having tried alcohol. Non-EU/EEA adolescents were less likely to have ever tried alcohol (OR 0.24; CI95% 0.18-0.31), snus (OR 0.47; CI95% 0.34-0.65) and to smoke (0.68; CI95% 0.52-0.91), and less likely to report daily snus use (OR 0.36; CI95% 0.21-0.62) compared to Norwegian adolescents. There were no differences with regard to having tried illicit drugs and reporting being a daily smoker. All differences observed were robust to adjustment for age, gender and family socio-economic status. CONCLUSION The presents study identified important differences in unhealthy behaviours across different ethnic groups in Norway. The differences in the prevalence of unhealthy behaviours among ethnic minorities are still relevant in a public health perspective, and potential mechanisms should be investigated further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Christoffer Skogen
- a Alcohol and Drug Research Western Norway , Stavanger University Hospital , Stavanger , Norway
- b Department of Health Promotion , Norwegian Institute of Public Health , Bergen , Norway
| | - Tormod Bøe
- c Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare , Uni Research Health , Bergen , Norway
| | - Børge Sivertsen
- b Department of Health Promotion , Norwegian Institute of Public Health , Bergen , Norway
- c Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare , Uni Research Health , Bergen , Norway
- d Department of Psychiatry , Helse Fonna HF , Haugesund , Norway
| | - Mari Hysing
- c Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare , Uni Research Health , Bergen , Norway
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Neural Correlates of Social Influence on Risk Taking and Substance Use in Adolescents. CURRENT ADDICTION REPORTS 2017; 4:333-341. [PMID: 29242768 DOI: 10.1007/s40429-017-0164-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Purpose of Review Adolescents often engage in elevated levels of risk taking that gives rise to substance use. Family and peers constitute the primary contextual risk factors for adolescent substance use. This report reviews how families and peers influence adolescent neurocognitive development to inform their risk taking and subsequent substance use. Recent Findings Developmental neuroscience using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has identified regions of the brain involved in social cognition, cognitive control, and reward processing that are integrally linked to social influence on adolescent risk taking. These neural mechanisms play a role in how peer and family influence (e.g., physical presence, relationship quality, rejection) translates into adolescent substance use. Summary Peers and families can independently, and in tandem, contribute to adolescent substance use, for better or for worse. We propose that future work utilize fMRI to investigate the neural mechanisms involved in different aspects of peer and family influence, and how these contexts uniquely and interactively influence adolescent substance use initiation and escalation across development.
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Lim KH, Lim HL, Teh CH, Kee CC, Khoo YY, Ganapathy SS, Jane Ling MY, Mohd Ghazali S, Tee EO. Smoking among school-going adolescents in selected secondary schools in Peninsular Malaysia- findings from the Malaysian Adolescent Health Risk Behaviour (MyaHRB) study. Tob Induc Dis 2017; 15:9. [PMID: 28163668 PMCID: PMC5282817 DOI: 10.1186/s12971-016-0108-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A multitude of studies have revealed that smoking is a learned behaviour during adolescence and efforts to reduce the incidence of smoking has been identified as long-term measures to curb the smoking menace. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence as well as the intra and inter-personal factors associated with smoking among upper secondary school students in selected schools in Peninsular Malaysia. METHODS A study was carried out in 2013, which involved a total of 40 secondary schools. They were randomly selected using a two-stage clustering sampling method. Subsequently, all upper secondary school students (aged 16 to 17 years) from each selected school were recruited into the study. Data was collected using a validated standardised questionnaire. RESULTS This study revealed that the prevalence of smoking was 14.6% (95% CI:13.3-15.9), and it was significantly higher among males compared to females (27.9% vs 2.4%, p < 0.001). Majority of smokers initiated smoking during their early adolescent years (60%) and almost half of the respondents bought cigarettes themselves from the store. Multivariable analysis revealed that the following factors increased the likelihood of being a current smoker: being male (aOR 21. 51, 95% CI:13.1-35), perceived poor academic achievement (aOR 3.42, 95% CI:1.50-7.37) had one or both parents who smoked (aOR 1.80, 95% CI:1.32-2.45; aOR 6.50, 95 CI%:1.65-25.65), and always feeling lonely (aOR 2.23, 95% CI:1.21-4.43). In contrast, respondents with a higher religiosity score and protection score were less likely to smoke (aOR 0.51, 95% CI:0.15-0.92; aOR 0.71, 95% CI 0.55-0.92). CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that the prevalence of smoking among Malaysian adolescents of school-going age was high, despite implementation of several anti-smoking measures in Malaysia. More robust measures integrating the factors identified in this study are strongly recommended to curb the smoking epidemic among adolescents in Malaysia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuang Hock Lim
- Institute for Medical Research, Jalan Pahang, 50588 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Hui Li Lim
- Melaka Manipal Medical College, Jalan Batu Hampar, Kuala Lumpur, 75150 Melaka Malaysia
| | - Chien Huey Teh
- Institute for Medical Research, Jalan Pahang, 50588 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Chee Cheong Kee
- Institute for Medical Research, Jalan Pahang, 50588 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yi Yi Khoo
- Institute for Public Health, Jalan Bangsar, 50590 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Miaw Yn Jane Ling
- Institute for Public Health, Jalan Bangsar, 50590 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Eng Ong Tee
- Allied Health College, Jalan Hospital, 47000 Sg. Buloh, Malaysia
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Scalici F, Schulz PJ. Parents' and peers' normative influence on adolescents' smoking: results from a Swiss-Italian sample of middle schools students. SUBSTANCE ABUSE TREATMENT PREVENTION AND POLICY 2017; 12:5. [PMID: 28109189 PMCID: PMC5251233 DOI: 10.1186/s13011-017-0089-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND METHOD Adolescents observe and imitate people to whom they are associated in their social context, and the normative factors sent out by reference groups are crucial determinants of their decision to smoke. The aim of the study is to investigate how adolescents' smoking changes when they are exposed to factors of pro-smoking normative influence by parents and peers, and how age moderate this relation. A cross sectional survey collected data from 5657 students, aged between 11 and 14, from public and private middle schools in the Italian region of Switzerland (Ticino) on their smoking habits, perceived parents' and peers' approval and smoking. RESULTS Multinomial logistic regression show that, as adolescents get older, more of the pro-smoking factors come from peers and parents, the higher the risk gets of being a "heavy smoker" has compared against having no experience with smoking. Living in a context with no factor of normative influence toward smoking play a protective role against smoking, and this effect becomes more important than more harmful the smoking behavior in question is. Furthermore, peers' descriptive norms are more influential for adolescents to become "light" and "heavy smokers", while smoking being approved by peers is important for adolescents to become accustomed to smoking. CONCLUSIONS Findings support the different influence of parents' and peers' norms on adolescents' smoking, and highlight the importance of peers' model behavior as the most important factor influencing smoking during adolescence. Such results have implications for programs that aim to prevent or reduce smoking in early adolescence when friendship choice starts to become crucial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Scalici
- Institute of Communication and Health, Università della svizzera italiana, Via Giuseppe Buffi 13, CH-6904, Lugano, Switzerland.
| | - Peter J Schulz
- Institute of Communication and Health, Università della svizzera italiana, Via Giuseppe Buffi 13, CH-6904, Lugano, Switzerland
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Thompson KA, Kelly NR, Schvey NA, Brady SM, Courville AB, Tanofsky-Kraff M, Yanovski SZ, Yanovski JA, Shomaker LB. Internalization of appearance ideals mediates the relationship between appearance-related pressures from peers and emotional eating among adolescent boys and girls. Eat Behav 2017; 24:66-73. [PMID: 28038437 PMCID: PMC5258845 DOI: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2016.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Revised: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Appearance-related pressures have been associated with binge eating in previous studies. Yet, it is unclear if these pressures are associated with emotional eating or if specific sources of pressure are differentially associated with emotional eating. We studied the associations between multiple sources of appearance-related pressures, including pressure to be thin and pressure to increase muscularity, and emotional eating in 300 adolescents (Mage=15.3, SD=1.4, 60% female). Controlling for age, race, puberty, body mass index (BMI) z-score, and sex, both pressure to be thin and pressure to be more muscular from same-sex peers were positively associated with emotional eating in response to feeling angry/frustrated and unsettled (ps<0.05). Pressure from same-sex peers to be more muscular also was associated with eating when depressed (p<0.05), and muscularity pressure from opposite-sex peers related to eating in response to anger/frustration (p<0.05). All associations were fully mediated by internalization of appearance ideals according to Western cultural standards (ps<0.001). Associations of pressures from mothers and fathers with emotional eating were non-significant. Results considering sex as a moderator of the associations between appearance-related pressures and emotional eating were non-significant. Findings illustrate that both pressure to be thin and muscular from peers are related to more frequent emotional eating among both boys and girls, and these associations are explained through internalization of appearance-related ideals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine A Thompson
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Program in Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Nichole R Kelly
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Program in Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Department of Counseling Psychology and Human Services, College of Education, 5207 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA
| | - Natasha A Schvey
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Program in Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USUHS), 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Sheila M Brady
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Program in Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Amber B Courville
- Nutrition Department, Hatfield Clinical Research Center, NIH, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Marian Tanofsky-Kraff
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Program in Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USUHS), 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Susan Z Yanovski
- Division of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, DHHS, 6707 Democracy Blvd, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jack A Yanovski
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Program in Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Lauren B Shomaker
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Program in Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Colorado School of Public Health, Colorado State University, 1570 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
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McDonald CC, Sommers MS. "Good Passengers and Not Good Passengers:" Adolescent Drivers' Perceptions About Inattention and Peer Passengers. J Pediatr Nurs 2016; 31:e375-e382. [PMID: 27496828 PMCID: PMC5124382 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedn.2016.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Revised: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this qualitative focus group elicitation research study was to explore teen driver perceptions of peer passengers and driver inattention. DESIGN & METHODS We utilized focus groups for data collection and content analysis to analyze the data, both of which were guided by the theory of planned behavior. We conducted 7 focus groups with 30 teens, ages 16-18, licensed for ≤1year to examine attitudes, perceived behavioral control, and norms related to driving inattention and peer passengers. RESULTS The sample was 50% male, mean age 17.39 (SD 0.52) with mean length of licensure 173.7days (SD 109.2). Three themes emerged: 1) "Good and not good" passengers; 2) Passengers and technology as harmful and helpful; and 3) The driver is in charge. CONCLUSIONS While passengers can be a source of distraction, our participants also identified passenger behaviors that reduced risk, such as assistance with technology and guidance for directions. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS An understanding of teens' perceptions of peer passengers can contribute to the development of effective interventions targeting teen driver inattention. Nurses are well-positioned to contribute to these teen crash prevention efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine C McDonald
- University of Pennsylvania, School of Nursing, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Center for Injury Research and Prevention, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Marilyn S Sommers
- Lillian S. Brunner Professor of Medical-Surgical Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, School of Nursing, Philadelphia, PA
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Braun S, Kollath-Cattano C, Barrientos I, Mejía R, Morello P, Sargent JD, Thrasher JF. Assessing tobacco marketing receptivity among youth: integrating point of sale marketing, cigarette package branding and branded merchandise. Tob Control 2015; 25:648-655. [PMID: 26427528 DOI: 10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2015-052498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As countries prohibit tobacco marketing through traditional channels, marketing at point of sale (PoS) and through tobacco packaging is increasingly important for promoting tobacco consumption. OBJECTIVES Assess the validity of a novel marketing receptivity index that considers frequency of PoS exposures, tobacco brand recall and ownership of branded merchandise. METHODS Data come from a cross-sectional survey of 3172 secondary school students in Argentina. Questions assessed frequency of going to stores where tobacco is often sold; cued recall of brand names for 3 cigarette packages with brand name removed and ownership of branded merchandise. A four-level marketing receptivity index was derived: low PoS exposure only; high PoS exposure or recall of 1 brand; recall of 2 or more brands; and ownership of branded merchandise. Indicators of marketing receptivity and smoking involvement were regressed on the index, including in adjusted models that controlled for sociodemographics, social influences and sensation seeking. FINDINGS Among never-smokers, the index had independent positive associations with smoking susceptibility (ie, adjusted OR (AOR)2v1=1.66; AOR3v1=1.64; AOR4v1=2.95), willingness to try a specific brand (ie, AOR2v1=1.45; AOR3v1=2.38; AOR4v1=2.20) and positive smoking expectancies (ie, Badj 2v1=0.09; Badj 3v1=0.18; Badj 4v1=0.34). A more marked dose-response independent association was found with current smoking behaviour (ie, AOR2v1=2.47; AOR3v1=3.16; AOR4v1=3.62). CONCLUSIONS The marketing receptivity index was associated with important variation in smoking-related perceptions, intentions and behaviour among Argentine adolescents. Future research should determine the predictive validity and generalisability of this measure to other contexts, including the explanatory power gained by integrating cigarette package brand recognition tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Braun
- Hospital de Clínicas Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Department of Health Economy & Society, Centro de Estudios de Estado y Sociedad, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Christy Kollath-Cattano
- Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Inti Barrientos
- Department of Tobacco Research, Center for Population Health Research National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Raúl Mejía
- Hospital de Clínicas Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Department of Health Economy & Society, Centro de Estudios de Estado y Sociedad, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Paola Morello
- Department of Health Economy & Society, Centro de Estudios de Estado y Sociedad, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - James D Sargent
- Department of Pediatrics, Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
| | - James F Thrasher
- Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA.,Department of Tobacco Research, Center for Population Health Research National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico
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Fowler PJ, Henry DB, Marcal KE. Family and housing instability: Longitudinal impact on adolescent emotional and behavioral well-being. SOCIAL SCIENCE RESEARCH 2015; 53:364-74. [PMID: 26188460 PMCID: PMC6088377 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssresearch.2015.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Revised: 05/23/2015] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the longitudinal effects of family structure changes and housing instability in adolescence on functioning in the transition to adulthood. A model examined the influence of household composition changes and mobility in context of ethnic differences and sociodemographic risks. Data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health measured household and residential changes over a 12-month period among a nationally representative sample of adolescents. Assessments in young adulthood measured rates of depression, criminal activity, and smoking. Findings suggested housing mobility in adolescence predicted poorer functioning across outcomes in young adulthood, and youth living in multigenerational homes exhibited greater likelihood to be arrested than adolescents in single-generation homes. However, neither family structure changes nor its interaction with residential instability or ethnicity related to young adult outcomes. Findings emphasized the unique influence of housing mobility in the context of dynamic household compositions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick J Fowler
- George Warren Brown School of Social Work, Washington University in St. Louis, Campus Box 1196, One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA.
| | - David B Henry
- Institute for Health Research and Policy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1747 West Roosevelt Road, Chicago, IL 60608, USA.
| | - Katherine E Marcal
- George Warren Brown School of Social Work, Washington University in St. Louis, Campus Box 1196, One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA.
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Williams RJ, Knight RA, Wills TA. Why Children Smoke in 2015 and Prospects for Stopping Them: a Review of Current Literature. CURRENT CARDIOVASCULAR RISK REPORTS 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s12170-015-0473-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Nagarkar A, Gadhave S. Psychosocial Determinants of Intention to Use Tobacco Among Adolescents in India. PSYCHOLOGY, COMMUNITY & HEALTH 2015. [DOI: 10.5964/pch.v4i2.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim The present study aims to determine the psychosocial factors associated with ‘intention to use tobacco’, because it is influenced by social norms and beliefs about smoking. Method A cross-sectional survey on a random sample of 665 individuals, aged 15-20 years, was conducted using a pretested questionnaire. Three logistic regression models were constructed to identify determinants of ‘intention to use tobacco’, with the total sample, with respondents under 18 years old, and with respondents 18 years old and above. Results Odds of intention to use tobacco were higher when friends used tobacco products, and perceived no negative effects on health. Parental use of tobacco increased the odds of intention to use tobacco, and a similar effect was observed when a celebrity was followed as a role model. Approval of occasional use of tobacco increased the odds of intention to use tobacco. Communication with parents about harmful effects of tobacco reduced the odds of intention to smoke among respondents younger than 18 years old. Conclusion Social factors and perception of risk significantly influenced the intention to use tobacco. Study results are useful in designing interventions for prevention of tobacco use among adolescents.
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Welborn BL, Lieberman MD, Goldenberg D, Fuligni AJ, Galván A, Telzer EH. Neural mechanisms of social influence in adolescence. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2015. [PMID: 26203050 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsv095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
During the transformative period of adolescence, social influence plays a prominent role in shaping young people's emerging social identities, and can impact their propensity to engage in prosocial or risky behaviors. In this study, we examine the neural correlates of social influence from both parents and peers, two important sources of influence. Nineteen adolescents (age 16-18 years) completed a social influence task during a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scan. Social influence from both sources evoked activity in brain regions implicated in mentalizing (medial prefrontal cortex, left temporoparietal junction, right temporoparietal junction), reward (ventromedial prefrontal cortex), and self-control (right ventrolateral prefrontal cortex). These results suggest that mental state reasoning, social reward and self-control processes may help adolescents to evaluate others' perspectives and overcome the prepotent force of their own antecedent attitudes to shift their attitudes toward those of others. Findings suggest common neural networks involved in social influence from both parents and peers.
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Cai Y, Li R, Zhu J, Na L, He Y, Redmon P, Qiao Y, Ma J. Personality, perceived environment, and behavior systems related to future smoking intentions among youths: an application of problem-behavior theory in Shanghai, China. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0122276. [PMID: 25826611 PMCID: PMC4380425 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0122276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Smoking among youths is a worldwide problem, particularly in China. Many endogenous and environmental factors influence smokers' intentions to smoke; therefore, a comprehensive model is needed to understand the significance and relationship of predictors. This study aimed to develop a prediction model based on problem-behavior theory (PBT) to interpret intentions to smoke among Chinese youths. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study of 26,675 adolescents from junior, senior, and vocational high schools in Shanghai, China. Data on smoking status, smoking knowledge, attitude toward smoking, parents' and peers' smoking, and media exposure to smoking were collected from students. A structural equation model was used to assess the developed prediction model. RESULTS The experimental smoking rate and current smoking rate among the students were 11.0% and 3%, respectively. Our constructed model showed an acceptable fit to the data (comparative fit index = 0.987, root-mean-square error of approximation = 0.034). Intention to smoke was predicted by perceived environment (β = 0.455, P < 0.001) system consisting of peer smoking (β = 0.599, P < 0.001), parent smoking (β = 0.152, P < 0.001), and media exposure to smoking (β = 0.226, P < 0.001), and behavior system (β = 0.487, P < 0.001) consisting of tobacco experimentation (β = 0.663, P < 0.001) and current smoking (β = 0.755, P < 0.001). Smoking intention was irrelevant for personality system in students (β = -0.113, P>0.05) which consisted of acceptance of tobacco use (β = 0.668, P < 0.001) and academic performance (β = 0.171, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION The PBT-based model we developed provides a good understanding of the predictors of intentions to smoke and it suggests future interventions among youths should focus on components in perceived environment and behavior systems, and take into account the moderating effects of personality system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Cai
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui Li
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingfen Zhu
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Na
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yaping He
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Pam Redmon
- Global Health Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Yun Qiao
- Pudong Institute for Health Development, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin Ma
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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