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Cheładze P, Martuszewski A, Poręba R, Gać P. The Importance of the Assessment of Epicardial Adipose Tissue in Scientific Research. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11195621. [PMID: 36233489 PMCID: PMC9570982 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11195621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) exhibits morphological similarities with pericardial adipose tissue, however, it has different embryological origin and vascularization. EAT is a metabolically active organ and a major source of anti-inflammatory and proinflammatory adipokines, which have a significant impact on cardiac function and morphology. Moreover, it can regulate vascular tone by releasing various molecules. The relationship between EAT and cardiovascular disease and diseases of other organ systems is now considered a common discussion subject. The present clinical review article summarizes the epidemiological findings based on imaging techniques in studies conducted so far. In conclusion, evaluation of the epicardial adipose tissue constitutes a helpful scientific parameter, which can be assessed by means of different diagnostic imaging examinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Przemysław Cheładze
- Centre for Diagnostic Imaging, 4th Military Hospital, Weigla 5, PL 50-981 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Adrian Martuszewski
- Department of Population Health, Division of Environmental Health and Occupational Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Mikulicza-Radeckiego 7, PL 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Rafał Poręba
- Department of Internal and Occupational Diseases, Hypertension and Clinical Oncology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 213, PL 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Paweł Gać
- Centre for Diagnostic Imaging, 4th Military Hospital, Weigla 5, PL 50-981 Wroclaw, Poland
- Department of Population Health, Division of Environmental Health and Occupational Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Mikulicza-Radeckiego 7, PL 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland
- Correspondence: or
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Ni S, Jia M, Wang X, Hong Y, Zhao X, Zhang L, Ru Y, Yang F, Zhu S. Associations of eating speed with fat distribution and body shape vary in different age groups and obesity status. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2022; 19:63. [PMID: 36100862 PMCID: PMC9469611 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-022-00698-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Eating speed has been reported to be associated with energy intake, body weight, waist circumference (WC), and total body fat. However, no study has explored the association between eating speed and body fat distribution, especially its difference among different age or body mass index (BMI) groups. Methods 4770 participants aged 18–80 years were recruited from the baseline survey of the Lanxi Cohort Study. They were categorized into three groups according to meal duration. Linear regression analyses were performed among all participants and separately by age group and obesity status to evaluate the associations of WC and total and regional fat mass percentages (FM%) with eating speed. Results After adjusting for confounding factors, eating slowly was significantly related to lower WC, lower total, trunk, and android FM%, lower android-to-gynoid fat mass ratio, and higher leg and gynoid FM%. After stratification by age or obesity status, the associations were especially prominent among participants aged 18–44 years or those with BMI < 24 kg/m2. No significant trends were found for participants aged 65–80 years or those who were overweight/obese. Conclusions Eating slowly is closely related with better fat distribution among Chinese adults, especially for those aged 18–44 years and those with BMI < 24 kg/m2. If confirmed prospectively, it might be a potential efficient approach to improve fat distribution. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12986-022-00698-w.
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Conte M, Petraglia L, Poggio P, Valerio V, Cabaro S, Campana P, Comentale G, Attena E, Russo V, Pilato E, Formisano P, Leosco D, Parisi V. Inflammation and Cardiovascular Diseases in the Elderly: The Role of Epicardial Adipose Tissue. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:844266. [PMID: 35242789 PMCID: PMC8887867 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.844266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Human aging is a complex phenomenon characterized by a wide spectrum of biological changes which impact on behavioral and social aspects. Age-related changes are accompanied by a decline in biological function and increased vulnerability leading to frailty, thereby advanced age is identified among the major risk factors of the main chronic human diseases. Aging is characterized by a state of chronic low-grade inflammation, also referred as inflammaging. It recognizes a multifactorial pathogenesis with a prominent role of the innate immune system activation, resulting in tissue degeneration and contributing to adverse outcomes. It is widely recognized that inflammation plays a central role in the development and progression of numerous chronic and cardiovascular diseases. In particular, low-grade inflammation, through an increased risk of atherosclerosis and insulin resistance, promote cardiovascular diseases in the elderly. Low-grade inflammation is also promoted by visceral adiposity, whose accumulation is paralleled by an increased inflammatory status. Aging is associated to increase in epicardial adipose tissue (EAT), the visceral fat depot of the heart. Structural and functional changes in EAT have been shown to be associated with several heart diseases, including coronary artery disease, aortic stenosis, atrial fibrillation, and heart failure. EAT increase is associated with a greater production and secretion of pro-inflammatory mediators and neuro-hormones, so that thickened EAT can pathologically influence, in a paracrine and vasocrine manner, the structure and function of the heart and is associated to a worse cardiovascular outcome. In this review, we will discuss the evidence underlying the interplay between inflammaging, EAT accumulation and cardiovascular diseases. We will examine and discuss the importance of EAT quantification, its characteristics and changes with age and its clinical implication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maddalena Conte
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,Casa di Cura San Michele, Maddaloni, Italy
| | - Laura Petraglia
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | | | | | - Serena Cabaro
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Pasquale Campana
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Comentale
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Science, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Emilio Attena
- Department of Cardiology, Monaldi Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Russo
- Department of Medical Translational Sciences, Monaldi Hospital, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Campania, Italy
| | - Emanuele Pilato
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Science, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Pietro Formisano
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Dario Leosco
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Valentina Parisi
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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Fat Is Consistently Present within the Plantar Muscular Space of the Human Foot—An Anatomical Study. Medicina (B Aires) 2022; 58:medicina58020154. [PMID: 35208480 PMCID: PMC8877207 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58020154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives: The foot comprises of active contractile and passive connective tissue components, which help maintain stability and facilitate movement during gait. The role of age- or pathology-related degeneration and the presence of fat within muscles in foot function and pain remains unclear. The existence of fat has to date not been quantified or compared between individuals according to age, sex, side or subregion. Materials and Methods: 18 cadaveric feet (mean age 79 years) were sectioned sagittally and photographed bilaterally. Fat in the plantar muscular space of the foot (PMSF) was quantified through the previously validated manual fat quantification method, which involved observing photographs of each section and identifying regions using OsiriX. Fat volume and percentage was calculated using a modified Cavalieri’s method. Results: All feet had fat located within the PMSF, averaging 25.8% (range, 16.5–39.4%) of the total PMSF volume. The presence of fat was further confirmed with plastination and confocal microscopy. Conclusions: These findings suggest that fat within the PMSF is a consistent but highly variable finding in elderly cohorts. Fat within the foot muscles may need to be considered a norm when comparing healthy and non-healthy subjects, and for therapeutic interventions to the foot. Further work is required to understand in detail the morphological and mechanical presence of fat in the foot, and compare these findings with pathological cohorts, such as sarcopenia. Additionally, future work should investigate if fat may compensate for the degeneration of the intrinsic muscles of the foot, with implications for both the use of orthotics and pain management.
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Gil-Iturbe E, Félix-Soriano E, Sáinz N, Idoate-Bayón A, Castilla-Madrigal R, Moreno-Aliaga MJ, Lostao MP. Effect of aging and obesity on GLUT12 expression in small intestine, adipose tissue, muscle, and kidney and its regulation by docosahexaenoic acid and exercise in mice. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2020; 45:957-967. [PMID: 32176854 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2019-0721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is characterized by excessive fat accumulation and inflammation. Aging has also been characterized as an inflammatory condition, frequently accompanied by accumulation of visceral fat. Beneficial effects of exercise and n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in metabolic disorders have been described. Glucose transporter 12 (GLUT12) is one of the less investigated members of the GLUT family. Glucose, insulin, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) induce GLUT12 translocation to the membrane in muscle, adipose tissue, and intestine. We aimed to investigate GLUT12 expression in obesity and aging, and under diet supplementation with docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) alone or in combination with physical exercise in mice. Aging increased GLUT12 expression in intestine, kidney, and adipose tissue, whereas obesity reduced it. No changes on the transporter occurred in skeletal muscle. In obese 18-month-old mice, DHA further decreased GLUT12 in the 4 organs. Aerobic exercise alone did not modify GLUT12, but the changes triggered by exercise were able to prevent the DHA-diminishing effect, and almost restored GLUT12 basal levels. In conclusion, the downregulation of metabolism in aging would be a stimulus to upregulate GLUT12 expression. Contrary, obesity, an excessive energy condition, would induce GLUT12 downregulation. The combination of exercise and DHA would contribute to restore basal function of GLUT12. Novelty In small intestine, kidney and adipose tissue aging increases GLUT12 protein expression whereas obesity reduces it. Dietary DHA decreases GLUT12 in small intestine, kidney, adipose tissue and skeletal muscle. Exercise alone does not modify GLUT12 expression, nevertheless exercise prevents the DHA-diminishing effect on GLUT12.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Gil-Iturbe
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
- Centre for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
| | - Elisa Félix-Soriano
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
- Centre for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
| | - Neira Sáinz
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
- Centre for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
| | - Adrián Idoate-Bayón
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
| | | | - María J Moreno-Aliaga
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
- Centre for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, 31008 Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
- Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), Biomedical Research Networking Center in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Pilar Lostao
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
- Centre for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, 31008 Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
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Biltz NK, Collins KH, Shen KC, Schwartz K, Harris CA, Meyer GA. Infiltration of intramuscular adipose tissue impairs skeletal muscle contraction. J Physiol 2020; 598:2669-2683. [PMID: 32358797 PMCID: PMC8767374 DOI: 10.1113/jp279595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Muscle infiltration with adipose tissue (IMAT) is common and associated with loss of skeletal muscle strength and physical function across a diverse set of pathologies. Whether the association between IMAT and muscle weakness is causative or simply correlative remains an open question that needs to be addressed to effectively guide muscle strengthening interventions in people with increased IMAT. In the present studies, we demonstrate that IMAT deposition causes decreased muscle strength using mouse models. These findings indicate IMAT is a novel therapeutic target for muscle dysfunction. ABSTRACT Intramuscular adipose tissue (IMAT) is associated with deficits in strength and physical function across a wide array of conditions, from injury to ageing to metabolic disease. Due to the diverse aetiologies of the primary disorders involving IMAT and the strength of the associations, it has long been proposed that IMAT directly contributes to this muscle dysfunction. However, infiltration of IMAT and reduced strength could both be driven by muscle disuse, injury and systemic disease, making IMAT simply an 'innocent bystander.' Here, we utilize novel mouse models to evaluate the direct effect of IMAT on muscle contraction. First, we utilize intramuscular glycerol injection in wild-type mice to evaluate IMAT in the absence of systemic disease. In this model we find that, in isolation from the neuromuscular and circulatory systems, there remains a muscle-intrinsic association between increased IMAT volume and decreased contractile tension (r2 > 0.5, P < 0.01) that cannot be explained by reduction in contractile material. Second, we utilize a lipodystrophic mouse model which cannot generate adipocytes to 'rescue' the deficits. We demonstrate that without IMAT infiltration, glycerol treatment does not reduce contractile force (P > 0.8). Taken together, this indicates that IMAT is not an inert feature of muscle pathology but rather has a direct impact on muscle contraction. This finding suggests that novel strategies targeting IMAT may improve muscle strength and function in a number of populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole K Biltz
- Program in Physical Therapy, Washington University, St. Louis, MO
| | - Kelsey H Collins
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University, St. Louis, MO
- Shriners Hospitals for Children, St. Louis, MO
| | - Karen C Shen
- Program in Physical Therapy, Washington University, St. Louis, MO
| | | | - Charles A Harris
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipid Research, Washington University, St. Louis, MO
| | - Gretchen A Meyer
- Program in Physical Therapy, Washington University, St. Louis, MO
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University, St. Louis, MO
- Departments of Neurology and Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, MO
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Ohlsson B, Manjer J. Sociodemographic and Lifestyle Factors in relation to Overweight Defined by BMI and "Normal-Weight Obesity". J Obes 2020; 2020:2070297. [PMID: 31998533 PMCID: PMC6969981 DOI: 10.1155/2020/2070297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Sociodemographic factors and lifestyle habits affect body weight and body composition. A new syndrome, called normal-weight obesity (NWO), is found in individuals with normal weight and excess body fat in contrast to lean and overweight individuals. The aim of the present study was to explore the associations between sociodemographic factors and smoking and alcohol habits and lower versus higher BMI (≥25 kg/m2) and to examine whether categorization into lean, NWO, and overweight leads to further information about sociodemographic and lifestyle associations, compared with the common categorization defined by BMI. A cohort of 17,724 participants (9,936 females, 56.1%) from the EpiHealth study, with a median age of 61 (53-67) years, was examined. The participants answered a questionnaire about lifestyle, and weight and fat percentage were measured. Associations between sociodemographic factors and lifestyle habits and lower versus higher BMI, and lean versus NWO or lean and NWO versus overweight were calculated by binary logistic regression. Male sex, age, sick leave/disability, married/cohabitating, divorced/widowed, former smoking, and a high alcohol consumption were associated with higher BMI, whereas higher education and frequent alcohol consumption were inversely associated (all p < 0.001). The associations were similar to associations with lean versus overweight and NWO versus overweight, except for age in the latter case. Associations with lean versus NWO differed from those of lower versus higher BMI, with an association with retirement, an inverse association with male sex (OR, 0.664; 95% confidence interval, 0.591-0.746), and no associations with marital status, smoking, and alcohol consumption frequency. Associations with age and occupation were sex dependent, in contrast to other variables examined. Thus, sociodemographic and lifestyle habits showed similar associations with lower versus higher BMI as with lean and NWO versus overweight, whereas lean versus NWO showed different directions of associations regarding sex, marital status, occupation, smoking, and frequency of alcohol consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bodil Ohlsson
- Lund University, Skane University Hospital, Department of Internal Medicine, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Jonas Manjer
- Lund University, Skane University Hospital, Department of Surgery, Malmö, Sweden
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Saritas T, Reinartz SD, Nadal J, Schmoee J, Schmid M, Marwan M, Achenbach S, Störk S, Wanner C, Eckardt KU, Floege J, Peter Schneider M, Schlieper G. Epicardial fat, cardiovascular risk factors and calcifications in patients with chronic kidney disease. Clin Kidney J 2019; 13:571-579. [PMID: 32905245 PMCID: PMC7467583 DOI: 10.1093/ckj/sfz030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) exerts cardiopathogenic effects, but the independent association between EAT and cardiovascular (CV) calcification in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) remains controversial. We therefore assessed the association between EAT, CV risk factors and CV calcifications. Methods 257 patients with CKD Stage 3 and/or overt proteinuria underwent quantification of EAT, coronary artery calcification and aortic valve calcification by computed tomography. Framingham and American College of Cardiology and American Heart Association (ACC-AHA) 10-year CV event risk scores were calculated for each patient. Results Using multivariable regression analysis, higher EAT was significantly associated with the majority of investigated risk factors {higher age: odds ratio [OR] 1.05/year [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.02-1.08]; male sex: OR 4.03 [95% CI 2.22-7.31]; higher BMI: OR 1.28/kg/m2 [95% CI 1.20-1.37]; former smoking: OR 1.84 [95% CI 1.07-3.17]; lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol: OR 0.98/mg/dL [95% CI 0.96-1.00] and lower estimated glomerular filtration rate: OR 0.98/mL/min/1.73 m2 [95% CI 0.97-0.99]; all P < 0.05} and was not associated with diabetes mellitus, hypertensive nephropathy, total cholesterol and albuminuria. EAT was positively associated with higher ACC-AHA and Framingham risk scores. EAT correlated with coronary artery calcification and aortic valve calcification [Spearman ρ = 0.388 (95% CI 0.287-0.532) and r rb = 0.409 (95% CI 0.310-0.556), respectively], but these correlations were dependent on CV risk factors. Conclusions The increase of EAT can be explained by individual CV risk factors and kidney function and correlates with 10-year risk for CV event scores, suggesting that EAT is a modifiable risk factor in patients with CKD. Although EAT correlates with CV calcifications, these relations depend on CV risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Turgay Saritas
- Department of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
- Correspondence and offprint requests to: Turgay Saritas; E-mail:
| | - Sebastian Daniel Reinartz
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jennifer Nadal
- Department of Medical Biometry, Informatics, and Epidemiology (IMBIE), University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jonas Schmoee
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Matthias Schmid
- Department of Medical Biometry, Informatics, and Epidemiology (IMBIE), University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Mohamed Marwan
- Department of Cardiology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Stephan Achenbach
- Department of Cardiology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Stefan Störk
- Division of Cardiology (Comprehensive Heart Failure Center), Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Wanner
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Kai-Uwe Eckardt
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jürgen Floege
- Department of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Markus Peter Schneider
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Klinikum Nürnberg, Paracelsus Private Medical University, Nürnberg, Germany
| | - Georg Schlieper
- Department of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
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Giráldez-García C, Franch-Nadal J, Sangrós FJ, Ruiz A, Carramiñana F, Goday A, Villaró M, García-Soidán FJ, Serrano R, Regidor E. Adiposity and Diabetes Risk in Adults with Prediabetes: Heterogeneity of Findings Depending on Age and Anthropometric Measure. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2018; 26:1481-1490. [PMID: 30070055 DOI: 10.1002/oby.22256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The study aimed to evaluate the effect of age on diabetes incidence by general and central adiposity after 3-year follow-up in adults with prediabetes. METHODS Data were taken from a cohort of 1,184 subjects with prediabetes included in The Cohort Study in Primary Health Care on the Evolution of Patients with Prediabetes (PREDAPS). General adiposity was defined using body mass index (BMI), and central adiposity was defined with waist circumference and waist to height ratio. Data were analyzed by age groups 30 to 59 and 60 to 74 years. The association between adiposity and diabetes incidence was assessed using hazard ratios (HR). RESULTS Adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics, lifestyles, and metabolic parameters, diabetes HR for central adiposity based on the waist circumference clinical cutoff were 2.14 (1.12-4.09) and 1.48 (0.80-2.74) for people aged 30 to 59 and 60 to 74 years, respectively. In the model additionally adjusted for BMI, diabetes HR were 2.65 (1.24-5.65) and 1.33 (0.68-2.59), respectively. The use of a 1-SD increase rather than cutoff points did not alter this pattern. Similar findings were observed with central adiposity based on waist to height ratio. CONCLUSIONS The association of central adiposity with type 2 diabetes incidence was lower for people in the older age group than for those in the younger age group.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Josep Franch-Nadal
- redGDPS Foundation, Madrid, Spain
- Barcelona City Research Support Unit/University Institute for Research in Primary Care Jordi Gol, Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre Consortium on Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - F Javier Sangrós
- redGDPS Foundation, Madrid, Spain
- Torrero-La Paz Health Center, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Antonio Ruiz
- redGDPS Foundation, Madrid, Spain
- Pinto Health Center, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Albert Goday
- redGDPS Foundation, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mercè Villaró
- redGDPS Foundation, Madrid, Spain
- Terrassa Sud Primary Care Center, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Rosario Serrano
- redGDPS Foundation, Madrid, Spain
- Martín de Vargas Health Center, Madrid, Spain
| | - Enrique Regidor
- redGDPS Foundation, Madrid, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre Consortium on Public Health and Epidemiology, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Public Health and History of Science, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Institute of Health Research in the Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
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Chatree S, Sitticharoon C, Maikaew P, Uawithya P, Chearskul S. Adipose Y5R mRNA is higher in obese than non-obese humans and is correlated with obesity parameters. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2018; 243:786-795. [PMID: 29763369 PMCID: PMC5956667 DOI: 10.1177/1535370218774889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuropeptide Y is mainly expressed in the central nervous system to regulate food intake via its receptors, Y receptors, and in various peripheral tissues including adipose tissue. The objectives of this study were to compare Y5R mRNA and adipocyte parameters consisting of area, width, height, and perimeter either between obese and non-obese subjects or between subcutaneous and visceral fat as well as to compare between NPY, Y1R, Y2R, and Y5R mRNA expressions in subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissues. In subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissues, Y5R was greater in obese than in non-obese humans (both P < 0.05). Y1R mRNA expression was highest followed by Y5R, Y2R, and NPY mRNA expressions, respectively, in subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissues. Visceral Y5R mRNA had positive correlations with body weight, body mass index, waist circumference, hip circumference (R ≍ 0.4), and visceral Y1R mRNA (R = 0.773), but had a negative correlation with the quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (R=-0.421) (all P < 0.05). Subcutaneous and visceral adipocyte parameters were positively correlated with body weight, waist circumference, hip circumference, and waist-to-hip ratio, with greater values of correlation coefficient shown in visceral (R ≍ 0.5-0.8) than in subcutaneous adipocytes (R ≍ 0.4-0.6, all P < 0.05). The parameters of visceral adipocytes had positive correlations with serum NPY levels (R ≍ 0.4, all P < 0.05). Y5R mRNA in visceral adipose tissue is related to increased obesity and reduced insulin sensitivity. The dominant Y receptors in subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue might be the Y1R and Y5R. Visceral adipocytes show higher correlations with obesity parameters than subcutaneous adipocytes, suggestive of an increased risk of metabolic syndrome in visceral obesity. Y1R and Y5R in visceral adipose tissue might be targets of drug development in prevention or treatment of adiposity. Impact statement Obesity, defined as excess fat accumulation, has been increasingly diagnosed worldwide causing adverse health consequences. The novel findings of this study were that Y5R mRNA expression in both subcutaneous and visceral fat was higher in obese than non-obese subjects. Furthermore, Y5R only in visceral fat, not subcutaneous fat, was positively correlated with visceral Y1R and obesity parameters but it was negatively correlated with the QUICKI. Moreover, we found that Y1R expression was highest followed by Y5R and Y2R, respectively, in both subcutaneous and visceral fat. Our results suggested that Y5R in visceral fat was associated with increased obesity and decreased insulin sensitivity. Y1R and Y5R might be the dominant receptors that mediate the effect of NPY-induced fat accumulation in both subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissues. Y1R and Y5R in visceral adipose tissue might be targets of drug development in prevention or treatment of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saimai Chatree
- Department of Physiology, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand
| | - Chantacha Sitticharoon
- Department of Physiology, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand
| | - Pailin Maikaew
- Department of Physiology, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand
| | - Panapat Uawithya
- Department of Physiology, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand
| | - Supornpim Chearskul
- Department of Physiology, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand
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11
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Scott D, Shore-Lorenti C, McMillan LB, Mesinovic J, Clark RA, Hayes A, Sanders KM, Duque G, Ebeling PR. Calf muscle density is independently associated with physical function in overweight and obese older adults. JOURNAL OF MUSCULOSKELETAL & NEURONAL INTERACTIONS 2018; 18:9-17. [PMID: 29504574 PMCID: PMC5881124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine whether associations of calf muscle density with physical function are independent of other determinants of functional decline in overweight and obese older adults. METHODS This was a secondary analysis of a cross-sectional study of 85 community-dwelling overweight and obese adults (mean±SD age 62.8±7.9 years; BMI 32.3±6.1 kg/m2; 58% women). Peripheral quantitative computed tomography assessed mid-calf muscle density (66% tibial length) and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry determined visceral fat area. Fasting glucose, Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) and C-reactive protein (CRP) were analysed. Physical function assessments included hand grip and knee extension strength, balance path length (computerised posturography), stair climb test, Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) and self-reported falls efficacy (Modified Falls Efficacy Scale; M-FES). RESULTS Visceral fat area, not muscle density, was independently associated with CRP and fasting glucose (B=0.025; 95% CI 0.009-0.042 and B=0.009; 0.001-0.017, respectively). Nevertheless, higher muscle density was independently associated with lower path length and stair climb time, and higher SPPB and M-FES scores (all P⟨0.05). Visceral fat area, fasting glucose and CRP did not mediate these associations. CONCLUSIONS Higher calf muscle density predicts better physical function in overweight and obese older adults independent of insulin resistance, visceral adiposity or inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Scott
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Australia,Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Department of Medicine - Western Health, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, St Albans, Australia,Corresponding author: David Scott, Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, 246 Clayton Road, Clayton, Victoria, Australia, 3168 E-mail:
| | - Catherine Shore-Lorenti
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Lachlan B. McMillan
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Jakub Mesinovic
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Ross A. Clark
- School of Health and Sport Sciences, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, Australia
| | - Alan Hayes
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Department of Medicine - Western Health, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, St Albans, Australia,Institute of Sport, Exercise and Active Living, College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Kerrie M. Sanders
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Department of Medicine - Western Health, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, St Albans, Australia,Institute for Health and Ageing, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Gustavo Duque
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Department of Medicine - Western Health, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, St Albans, Australia
| | - Peter R. Ebeling
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Australia,Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Department of Medicine - Western Health, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, St Albans, Australia
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12
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Guglielmi V, Sbraccia P. Type 2 diabetes: Does pancreatic fat really matter? Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2018; 34. [PMID: 28984071 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.2955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Revised: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
With the increasing prevalence of obesity, the interest of research in nonalcoholic fatty pancreas disease (NAFPD) has grown. Even though the pancreas appears more susceptible to lipid accumulation compared with the liver, NAFPD has been less investigated due to the limits in detecting techniques. Several definitions and synonyms for NAFPD are used by authors and can be misleading. This, together with differences in methodology and ethnicity, make the integration and comparison of studies on this topic challenging. NAFPD could be used as an early indicator of ectopic fat deposition, which is recognized as a key factor of obesity cardio-metabolic complications. However, evidence that NAFPD has a pathogenetic role in type 2 diabetes is also emerging. This article reviews the current state of knowledge on the clinical and pathophysiologic relevance of NAFPD in β-cell function and insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Guglielmi
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
- Internal Medicine Unit and Obesity Center, University Hospital Policlinico Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Sbraccia
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
- Internal Medicine Unit and Obesity Center, University Hospital Policlinico Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
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13
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Guglielmi V, Sbraccia P. Obesity phenotypes: depot-differences in adipose tissue and their clinical implications. Eat Weight Disord 2018; 23:3-14. [PMID: 29230714 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-017-0467-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity, defined as excess fat mass, increases risks for multiple chronic diseases, such as type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and several types of cancer. Beyond adiposity per se, the pattern of fat distribution, android or truncal as compared to gynoid or peripheral, has a profound influence on systemic metabolism and hence risk for obesity complications. Not only factors as genetics, environment, gender, and age account for the apparent compartmentalization of white adipose tissue (WAT) in the body. Indeed, the heterogeneity among different anatomical depots also appears to stem from their intrinsic diversity, including cellular developmental origin, proliferative capacity, glucose and lipid metabolism, insulin sensitivity, cytokine pattern, thermogenic ability, and vascularization. Under the obese condition, these depot-specific differences translate into specific WAT distribution patterns, giving rise to different cardiometabolic consequences. This review summarizes the clinical and mechanistic evidence for the depot-specific differences and the phenotypic characteristics of different WAT depots that link their depot-specific biology to obesity-specific complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Guglielmi
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133, Rome, Italy.
- Internal Medicine Unit and Obesity Center, University Hospital Policlinico Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
| | - Paolo Sbraccia
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
- Internal Medicine Unit and Obesity Center, University Hospital Policlinico Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
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14
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GLP-1 receptor independent pathways: emerging beneficial effects of GLP-1 breakdown products. Eat Weight Disord 2017; 22:231-240. [PMID: 28040864 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-016-0352-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) axis has emerged as a major therapeutic target for the treatment of type 2 diabetes and, recently, of obesity. The insulinotropic activity of the native incretin hormone GLP-1(7-36)amide, which is mainly exerted through a unique G protein-coupled receptor (GLP-1R), is terminated via enzymatic cleavage by dipeptidyl peptidase-IV that generates a C-terminal GLP-1 metabolite GLP-1(9-36)amide, the major circulating form in plasma. GLP-1(28-36)amide and GLP-1(32-36)amide are further cleavage products derived from GLP-1(7-36)amide and GLP-1(9-36)amide by the action of a neutral endopeptidase known as neprilysin. Until recently, GLP-1-derived metabolites were generally considered metabolically inactive. However, emerging evidence indicates that GLP-1 byproducts have insulinomimetic activities that may contribute to the pleiotropic effects of GLP-1 independently of the canonical GLP-1R. The recent studies reporting the beneficial effects of the administration of these metabolites in vivo and in vitro are the focus of this review. Collectively, these results suggest that GLP-1 metabolites inhibit hepatic glucose production, exert antioxidant cardio- and neuroprotective actions, reduce oxidative stress in vasculature and have both anti-apoptotic and proliferative effects in pancreatic β-cells, putatively by the modulation of mitochondrial functions. These findings have implication in energy homeostasis, obesity and its associated metabolic and cardiovascular complications as well as incretin-based therapies for the treatment of diabetes and obesity.
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15
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Sjöholm K, Gripeteg L, Larsson I. Macronutrient and alcohol intake is associated with intermuscular adipose tissue in a randomly selected group of younger and older men and women. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2017; 13:e46-e51. [PMID: 28531568 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2016.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Revised: 02/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol and macronutrient intake have been found to be related to general and central body fat distribution. Intermuscular adipose tissue (IMAT) is a small ectopic fat depot located within the muscle bundles. IMAT is important for muscle function, mobility and energy homeostasis and also associated with cardiovascular- and diabetes-related risk factors. AIM To test the hypothesis that macronutrient and alcohol intake is associated with IMAT. METHODS 50 men and 50 women, randomly selected from the general population formed height- and weight-representative age groups of 50 younger (27-31 years) and 50 older (57-61 years) subjects. A dietary questionnaire was used to estimate habitual intake of foods and beverages. Body composition including IMAT was measured with computed tomography. RESULTS Energy percent (E%) carbohydrates were negatively associated with IMAT in men (β: -0.6234, P < 0.05) and in younger subjects (β: -0.792, P < 0.05). E% alcohol was positively associated with IMAT in women (β: 2.3663, P < 0.01) and in older subjects (β: 1.232, P < 0.01). In younger individuals, E% protein was positively associated with IMAT (β: 1.840, P < 0.05). Centralized and general body fat distributions were positively associated with IMAT. S- (serum) cholesterol was positively associated with IMAT in men (β: 0.05177, P < 0.01) and younger individuals (β: 0.06701, P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS These cross-sectional analyses showed associations between measures of body fat distribution and IMAT as well as associations between macronutrient- and alcohol intake and IMAT. Since IMAT is situated within the energy demanding striated muscles, our data could suggest that changes in dietary energy intake and macronutrient distribution may induce changes in IMAT in both normal weight and obese subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kajsa Sjöholm
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lena Gripeteg
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Food and Nutrition, and Sport Science, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ingrid Larsson
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Unit of Clinical Nutrition, The Regional Obesity Centre of Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, The Regional Obesity Centre of Västra Götaland, Sweden.
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16
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Sovova E, Sova M, Zapletalova J, Stejskal D, Sovova M, Kaletova M, Svobodova G, Kuca I, Janak M, Kaminek M. Possitive correlation between adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein and epicardial fat in patients with a family history of cardiovascular disesase. Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub 2017; 161:174-178. [PMID: 28539672 DOI: 10.5507/bp.2017.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein (A-FABP) is a promising link between metabolic syndrome and atherosclerosis. Epicardial fat (EPI) is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). OBJECTIVE The aim of this pilot study was to evaluate the correlation between EPI and A-FABP in asymptomatic patients with a family history of CVD. METHODS 59 subjects (39 males) (median = 54 years old) were enrolled in the study and their EPI thickness and A-FABP levels were assessed. RESULTS EPI was found in 46 patients (77.9%). There were positive correlations between EPI and A-FABP (r=0.336; P=0.010), age (r=0.526; P<0.001), fibrinogen (r=0.304; P=0.023) and systolic blood pressure (r=0.279; P=0.034). A positive correlation was found between EPI and A-FABP in a subgroup of overweight and obese patients (0.389; P=0.041, 0.407; P=0.004) and in the subgroup of patients with excluded CVD (r=0.368; P=0.006). CONCLUSIONS We found a positive correlation between EPI and A-FABP in a group of patients with a family history of CVD and in subgroups of overweight and obese patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliska Sovova
- Department of Sports Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc and University Hospital Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Milan Sova
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc and University Hospital Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Zapletalova
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - David Stejskal
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Marketa Sovova
- Department of Internal Medicine II - Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc and University Hospital Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Marketa Kaletova
- Department of Sports Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc and University Hospital Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Gabriela Svobodova
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Irena Kuca
- Faculty of Medicine, Saba University School of Medicine, Saba, Dutch Caribbean
| | - Michal Janak
- Department of Esthetic Surgery, University Hospital Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Milan Kaminek
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Olomouc, Czech Republic
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17
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Guglielmi V, D'Adamo M, Menghini R, Cardellini M, Gentileschi P, Federici M, Sbraccia P. MicroRNA 21 is up-regulated in adipose tissue of obese diabetic subjects. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 4:141-145. [PMID: 28447068 PMCID: PMC5389040 DOI: 10.3233/nha-160020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
We investigated miR21 expression in omental (OAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) from 16 obese subjects undergoing bariatric surgery. Patients were divided into two age- and BMI-matched groups according to the presence of type 2 diabetes (T2D). miR21 was not differently expressed in OAT and SAT. However, miR21 expression was two folds greater in adipose tissue in patients with T2D. Accordingly, in primary cultures of adipocytes from non diabetic overweight subjects, miR21 expression increased after 24-h exposure to high glucose and insulin. In conclusion, miR21 appears linked to insulin-resistance deterioration within its pathophysiologic progression from obesity to T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Guglielmi
- Department of Systems Medicine, Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.,Obesity Center and Internal Medicine Unit, University Hospital Policlinico Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Monica D'Adamo
- Department of Systems Medicine, Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.,Obesity Center and Internal Medicine Unit, University Hospital Policlinico Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Rossella Menghini
- Department of Systems Medicine, Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Marina Cardellini
- Department of Systems Medicine, Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Gentileschi
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Federici
- Department of Systems Medicine, Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Sbraccia
- Department of Systems Medicine, Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.,Obesity Center and Internal Medicine Unit, University Hospital Policlinico Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
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18
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Associations of Vitamin D with Inter- and Intra-Muscular Adipose Tissue and Insulin Resistance in Women with and without Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Nutrients 2016; 8:nu8120774. [PMID: 27916865 PMCID: PMC5188429 DOI: 10.3390/nu8120774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Revised: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 11/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Low vitamin D and insulin resistance are common in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and associated with higher inter- and intra-muscular adipose tissue (IMAT). We investigated associations between vitamin D, IMAT and insulin resistance in a cross-sectional study of 40 women with PCOS and 30 women without PCOS, and pre- and post-exercise in a 12-week intervention in 16 overweight participants (10 with PCOS and six without PCOS). A non-classical body mass index (BMI) threshold was used to differentiate lean and overweight women (BMI ≥ 27 kg/m2). Measurements included plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD), insulin resistance (glucose infusion rate (GIR; mg/m2/min), fasting glucose and insulin, and glycated haemoglobin), visceral fat, mid-thigh IMAT (computed tomography) and total body fat (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry). Women with both PCOS and low 25OHD levels had the lowest GIR (all p < 0.05). Higher IMAT was associated with lower 25OHD (B = −3.95; 95% CI −6.86, −1.05) and GIR (B = −21.3; 95% CI −37.16, −5.44) in women with PCOS. Overweight women with pre-exercise 25OHD ≥30 nmol/L had significant increases in GIR, and decreases in total and visceral fat (all p < 0.044), but no associations were observed when stratified by PCOS status. Women with PCOS and low 25OHD levels have increased insulin resistance which may be partly explained by higher IMAT. Higher pre-training 25OHD levels may enhance exercise-induced changes in body composition and insulin resistance in overweight women.
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19
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Mitra S, Fernandez-Del-Valle M, Hill JE. The role of MRI in understanding the underlying mechanisms in obesity associated diseases. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2016; 1863:1115-1131. [PMID: 27639834 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2016.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Revised: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Obesity and its possible association with diseases including diabetes and cardiovascular diseases have been studied for decades for its impact on healthcare. Recent studies clearly indicate the need for developing accurate and reproducible methodologies for assessing body fat content and distribution. Body fat distribution plays a significant role in developing an insight in the underlying mechanisms in which adipose tissue is linked with various diseases. Among imaging technologies including computerized axial tomography (CAT or CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), MRI and MRS seem to be the best emerging techniques and together are being considered as the gold standard for body fat content and distribution. This paper reviews studies up to the present time involving different methodologies of these two emerging technologies and presents the basic concepts of MRI and MRS with required novel image analysis techniques in accurate, quantitative, and direct assessment of body fat content and distribution. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Oxidative Stress and Mitochondrial Quality in Diabetes/Obesity and Critical Illness Spectrum of Diseases - edited by P. Hemachandra Reddy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jason E Hill
- Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States
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20
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Guglielmi V, Maresca L, Lanzillo C, Marinoni GM, D’Adamo M, Di Roma M, Preziosi P, Bellia A, Calò L, Sbraccia P. Relationship between Regional Fat Distribution and Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Phenotype. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0158892. [PMID: 27388274 PMCID: PMC4936675 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0158892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), the most common genetic heart disease, is characterized by heterogeneous phenotypic expression. Body mass index has been associated with LV mass and heart failure symptoms in HCM. The aim of our study was to investigate whether regional (trunk, appendicular, epicardial) fat distribution and extent could be related to hypertrophy severity and pattern in HCM. Methods Cardiovascular magnetic resonance was performed in 32 subjects with echocardiography-based diagnosis of HCM (22M/10F, 57.2±12.6 years) characterized by predominant hypertrophy at the interventricular septum (IVS). Regional fat distribution was assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Results Gender differences were detected in maximum IVS thickness (M: 18.3±3.8 mm vs. F: 14.3±4 mm, p = 0.012), right ventricle (RV) systolic function (M: 61.3±6.7%; F: 67.5±6.3%, p = 0.048), indexed RV end-diastolic (M: 64.8±16.3 ml/m2; F: 50.7±15.5 ml/m2, p = 0.04) and end-systolic volumes (M: 24.3±8.3 ml/m2; F: 16.7±7.4 ml/m2, p = 0.04). After adjusting for age and gender, maximum IVS thickness was associated with truncal fat (Tr-FAT) (β = 0.43, p = 0.02), but not with either appendicular or epicardial fat. Epicardial fat resulted independently associated with NT-proBNP levels (β = 0.63, p = 0.04). Late Gadolinium Enhancement-positive subjects displayed greater maximum IVS thickness (p = 0.02), LV mass index (p = 0.015) and NT-proBNP levels (p = 0.04), but no associations with fat amount or distribution were observed. Conclusion Truncal, but not appendicular or epicardial fat amount, seems to be related with maximum IVS thickness, the hallmark feature in our cohort of HCM patients. Further prospective researches are needed to assess a potential causative effect of central adiposity on HCM phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Guglielmi
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
| | - Luciano Maresca
- Diagnostic Imaging Department, Policlinico Casilino, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Monica D’Adamo
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
| | - Mauro Di Roma
- Diagnostic Imaging Department, Policlinico Casilino, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Preziosi
- Diagnostic Imaging Department, Policlinico Casilino, Rome, Italy
| | - Alfonso Bellia
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
| | - Leonardo Calò
- Cardiology Department, Policlinico Casilino, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Sbraccia
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
- * E-mail:
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21
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Cordeiro AC, Amparo FC, Oliveira MAC, Amodeo C, Smanio P, Pinto IMF, Lindholm B, Stenvinkel P, Carrero JJ. Epicardial fat accumulation, cardiometabolic profile and cardiovascular events in patients with stages 3-5 chronic kidney disease. J Intern Med 2015; 278:77-87. [PMID: 25556720 DOI: 10.1111/joim.12344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been hypothesized that epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) exerts pathogenic effects on cardiac structures. We analysed the associations between EAT and both cardiovascular (CV) disease risk factors and CV events in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). PATIENTS AND METHODS We included 277 nondialysed patients [median age 61, interquartile range (IQR) 53-68 years; 63% men] with stages 3-5 CKD in this cross-sectional evaluation. EAT and abdominal visceral adipose tissue (VAT) were assessed by computed tomography. Patients were followed for median 32 (IQR 20-39) months, and the composite of fatal and nonfatal CV events was recorded. RESULTS With increasing EAT quartiles, patients were older, had higher glomerular filtration rate, body mass index, waist, VAT and coronary calcification, higher levels of haemoglobin, triglycerides, albumin, C-reactive protein and leptin and higher prevalence of left ventricular hypertrophy and myocardial ischaemia; total and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, 25-hydroxy-vitamin D and 1, 25-dihydroxy-vitamin D progressively decreased. Associations between EAT and cardiac alterations were not independent of VAT. During follow-up, 58 CV events occurred. A 1-SD higher EAT volume was associated with an increased risk of CV events in crude [hazard ratio (HR) 1.41, 95% confidence interval (CI) (1.12-1.78) and adjusted (HR 1.55, 95% CI 1.21-1.99) Cox models. However, adding EAT to a standard CV disease risk prediction model did not result in a clinically relevant improvement in prediction. CONCLUSION Epicardial adipose tissue accumulation in patients with CKD increases the risk of CV events independent of general adiposity. This is consistent with the notion of a local pathogenic effect of EAT on the heart or heart vessels, or both. However, EAT adds negligible explanatory power to standard CV disease risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Cordeiro
- Division of Renal Medicine and Baxter Novum, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Hypertension and Nephrology, Dante Pazzanese Institute of Cardiology, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - F C Amparo
- Department of Nutrition, Dante Pazzanese Institute of Cardiology, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M A C Oliveira
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Dante Pazzanese Institute of Cardiology, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - C Amodeo
- Department of Hypertension and Nephrology, Dante Pazzanese Institute of Cardiology, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - P Smanio
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Dante Pazzanese Institute of Cardiology, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - I M F Pinto
- Department of Radiology, Dante Pazzanese Institute of Cardiology, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - B Lindholm
- Division of Renal Medicine and Baxter Novum, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - P Stenvinkel
- Division of Renal Medicine and Baxter Novum, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - J J Carrero
- Division of Renal Medicine and Baxter Novum, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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