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Ahmed KT, Afrin A, Hasan M, Sogir SB, Rahman L, Karimuzzaman M, Rahman KA, Hossain MM, Khan HTA. Age and sex-specific disability-free life expectancy in urban and rural settings of Bangladesh. Popul Health Metr 2024; 22:7. [PMID: 38643138 DOI: 10.1186/s12963-024-00327-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Disability-free life expectancy (DFLE) has been used to gain a better understanding of the population's quality of life. OBJECTIVES The authors aimed to estimate age and sex-specific disability-free life expectancy (DFLE) for urban and rural areas of Bangladesh, as well as to investigate the differences in DFLE between males and females of urban and rural areas. METHODS Data from the Bangladesh Sample Vital Statistics-2016 and the Bangladesh Household Income and Expenditure Survey (HIES)-2016 were used to calculate the disability-free life expectancy (DFLE) of urban and rural males and females in Bangladesh in 2016. The DFLE was calculated using the Sullivan method. RESULTS With only a few exceptions, rural areas have higher mortality and disability rates than urban areas. For both males and females, statistically significant differences in DFLE were reported between urban and rural areas between the ages of birth and 39 years. In comparison to rural males and females, urban males and females had a longer life expectancy (LE), a longer disability-free life expectancy, and a higher share of life without disability. CONCLUSION This study illuminates stark urban-rural disparities in LE and DFLE, especially among individuals aged < 1-39 years. Gender dynamics reveal longer life expectancy but shorter disability-free life expectancy for Bangladeshi women compared to men, emphasizing the need for targeted interventions to address these pronounced health inequalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khandaker Tanveer Ahmed
- Department of Statistics and Data Science, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, 1342, Bangladesh.
| | - Aziza Afrin
- Department of Statistics and Data Science, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, 1342, Bangladesh
| | - Mehedi Hasan
- Department of Statistics and Data Science, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, 1342, Bangladesh
| | - Sajjad Bin Sogir
- Department of Statistics and Data Science, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, 1342, Bangladesh
| | - Labiba Rahman
- Department of Statistics and Data Science, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, 1342, Bangladesh
| | - Md Karimuzzaman
- DREXEL Dornsife School of Public Health, DREXEL University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kazi Arifur Rahman
- Office of the Deputy Commissioner, People's Republic of Bangladesh, Satkhira, Bangladesh
| | - Md Moyazzem Hossain
- Department of Statistics and Data Science, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, 1342, Bangladesh
- School of Mathematics, Statistics and Physics, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, Tyne and Wear, NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Hafiz T A Khan
- Public Health & Statistics, College of Nursing, Midwifery and Healthcare, University of West London, Brentford, UK
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Rana MS, Alam MB, Khanam SJ, Kabir MI, Khandaker G, Khan MN. Prevalence and patterns of comorbidities in people with disabilities and their associated socio-demographic factors. Sci Rep 2024; 14:1425. [PMID: 38228776 PMCID: PMC10791601 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-51678-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
The presence of comorbidities among individuals with disabilities worsens their already complex health and social circumstances. This study aims to explore prevalence and patterns of morbidities among persons with disabilities in Bangladesh and identify associated socio-demographic factors. Data from 4270 persons with disability was analysed extracted from the 2021 Bangladesh National Household Survey on Persons with Disability. Outcome variable considered was the occurrence of morbidity among persons with disabilities. Explanatory variables encompassed factors at the individual, household, and community levels. Adjusted and unadjusted multilevel mixed-effects logistic regression model was used to explore association of outcome variable with explanatory variables. We found that approximately half of individuals with disabilities experienced one or more morbidities, with chronic conditions being the most prevalent (44%). Around 42% of total persons with disability were unable to work. Specifically, hypertension (18.3%), diabetes (9.1%), and heart problems (17.1%) were prevalent chronic conditions. The likelihood of experiencing comorbidity was found to be higher among females (aOR 1.3, 95% CI 1.1, 1.7), increase year of education (aOR, 1.1, 95% CI 1.0-1.2), and those from wealthier households (aOR 1.6, 95% CI 1.2, 2.2). This underscores the need for targeted policies and interventions addressing their distinct healthcare needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Shohel Rana
- Department of Population Science, Jatiya Kabi Kazi Nazrul Islam University, Trishal, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Md Badsha Alam
- Department of Population Science, Jatiya Kabi Kazi Nazrul Islam University, Trishal, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Shimlin Jahan Khanam
- Department of Population Science, Jatiya Kabi Kazi Nazrul Islam University, Trishal, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Md Iqbal Kabir
- Climate Change and Health Promotion Unit (CCHPU), Health Services Division, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Topkhana Road, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
- Department of Disaster Science and Climate Resilience, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Gulam Khandaker
- Central Queensland Public Health Unit, Central Queensland Hospital and Health Service, Rockhampton, Australia
- School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, Australia
| | - Md Nuruzzaman Khan
- Department of Population Science, Jatiya Kabi Kazi Nazrul Islam University, Trishal, Mymensingh, Bangladesh.
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Yesmin MF, Chowdhury MRK, Bornee FA, Kader M, Mondal MNI, Hossain M, Rashid M. Urban-rural difference in factors associated with childhood functional difficulty in Bangladesh: a cross-sectional study. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1270853. [PMID: 38026377 PMCID: PMC10652778 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1270853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Early childhood functional difficulty poses a substantial worldwide public health challenge, leading to adverse effects on children's quality of life and overall productivity. Moreover, it represents a significant social and economic problem in Bangladesh. Therefore, the current study aimed to identify factors contributing to childhood functional difficulty in Bangladesh within the context of urban-rural areas. Methods A nationally representative cross-sectional survey data from Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS), 2019 in Bangladesh was used in this study. Chi-square test and multivariable logistic regression analyses were carried out to identify factors associated with childhood functional difficulty. Results Functional difficulties were found in approximately 3.3% of children 2-4 years of age in urban areas and 2.5% in rural areas. Having a mother with functional difficulties and undernutrition were identified as significant factors common in both urban and rural areas. Further, mothers who had no formal education (AOR = 2.76, 95%CI = 1.18-6.45) and experienced infant death (AOR = 1.94, 95%CI = 1.01-3.70) were identified as significant factors of functional difficulty in urban areas. On the other hand, in rural areas, no access to mass media, children with acute respiratory infection (ARI) (AOR = 2.13, 95%CI = 1.39-3.28), female sex (AOR = 0.69, 95%CI = 0.53-0.91), child undernutrition (AOR = 1.73, 95%CI = 1.32-2.27) and poorer socio-economic status (AOR = 1.95, 95%CI = 1.08-3.55) were found significant factors. Conclusion Functional difficulty was found to be present in one out of every 35 children age 2 to 4 years in Bangladesh. Childhood functional difficulties were reported slightly higher in urban areas as compared to rural areas. Reducing childhood difficulties in urban areas demands comprehensive strategies: quality healthcare, inclusive education, community support, better information systems, and collaboration. To achieve urban-rural parity in child health, address disparities in economic development, healthcare, and education, especially for girls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mst Farjana Yesmin
- Department of Population Science and Human Resource Development, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Rocky Khan Chowdhury
- Department of Population Science and Human Resource Development, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
- Department of Public Health, First Capital University of Bangladesh, Chuadanga, Bangladesh
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Farzana Akhter Bornee
- Department of Pediatrics, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Manzur Kader
- Department of Medicine, Solna, Clinical Epidemiology Division, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Md Nazrul Islam Mondal
- Department of Population Science and Human Resource Development, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Hossain
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Mamunur Rashid
- Department of Public Health and Sports Science, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, University of Gävle, Gävle, Sweden
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Casanova G, Martarelli R, Belletti F, Moreno-Castro C, Lamura G. The Impact of Long-Term Care Needs on the Socioeconomic Deprivation of Older People and Their Families: Results from Mixed-Methods Scoping Review. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:2593. [PMID: 37761790 PMCID: PMC10531256 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11182593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long-term care (LTC), poverty, and socioeconomic deprivation are globally significant social issues. Ongoing population aging trends and the recent social and health emergencies caused by the COVID-19 pandemic crisis have highlighted the need for macro-level LTC and welfare system sustainability strategies. AIMS This scoping review (ScR) explores the relationship between LTC needs, the health status of older people, and the risk of socioeconomic deprivation for their households. METHODS The methodology considers different relevant sources: (a) the guidelines for ScR proposed by Lockwood et al.; (b) the recommendations of Munn et al.; (c) the PRISMA guideline for scoping reviews; and (d) the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) checklist. Sixty-three papers are included in the mixed-methods analysis. RESULTS The findings reveal the existence of a debate that seeks to understand the different characteristics of the relationship between the investigated issues. Relevant gaps in the literature are identified in terms of the concepts and approaches of the studies analyzed. CONCLUSIONS The results indicate that the reciprocal relationship between LTC needs, supply, and the risk of socioeconomic deprivation is understudied. Future studies should focus on the causal relationship between the two phenomena and identify any internal factors that may be involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia Casanova
- IRCCS-INRCA National Institute of Health & Science on Ageing, Centre for Socio-Economic Research on Ageing, 60124 Ancona, Italy; (R.M.); (G.L.)
| | - Rossella Martarelli
- IRCCS-INRCA National Institute of Health & Science on Ageing, Centre for Socio-Economic Research on Ageing, 60124 Ancona, Italy; (R.M.); (G.L.)
| | | | - Carolina Moreno-Castro
- Research Institute on Social Welfare Policy (POLIBIENESTAR), University of Valencia, 46022 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Giovanni Lamura
- IRCCS-INRCA National Institute of Health & Science on Ageing, Centre for Socio-Economic Research on Ageing, 60124 Ancona, Italy; (R.M.); (G.L.)
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Anjum A, Ahammed T, Hasan MM, Chowdhury MAB, Uddin MJ. Mother's functional difficulty is affecting the child functioning: Findings from a nationally representative MICS 2019 cross-sectional survey in Bangladesh. Health Sci Rep 2023; 6:e1023. [PMID: 36582634 PMCID: PMC9793826 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.1023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Functional difficulties in children can be transmitted from mother to child, which is a major concern. We sought to determine whether there was a correlation between a mother's functional difficulty and functional difficulty in kids between the ages of 2-4 and 5-17. We also want to evaluate other fundamental aspects that influence on child's functionality. Methods We used Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS) data sets. For two different age groups, the children's difficulty status was evaluated. The sociodemographic factors served as explanatory variables in this study. We used χ 2 tests and survey logistic regression models to analyze the data. Results Functional difficulties were less common in children aged 2-4 years (2.78%) but 8.27% in those aged 5-17 years. The study specifies that the mother's functional difficulty (odds ratio [OR]: 2.66, confidence interval [CI]: 1.35-5.24 for children aged 2-4 years and OR: 3.36, CI: 2.80-4.03 for children aged 5-17 years) were significantly associated with the functional difficulty of both age groups' children. Not attending early childhood education programs (OR: 1.89, CI: 1.16-3.10 for children aged 2-4 years and OR: 2.66, CI: 2.19-3.22 for children aged 5-17 years) and divisions were also significantly affecting the functional difficulty of both age groups' children. Moreover, area of residence and gender were significant factors for the older age group. Conclusions The prevalence of difficulty among children in Bangladesh is high. Children's functional difficulty, regardless of age, is greatly influenced by the functional difficulty of their mothers, their absence from early childhood education programs, and divisions. Reducing the prevalence of child functioning difficulties will be more successful if the government and NGOs consider these factors while developing appropriate intervention programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aniqua Anjum
- Department of StatisticsShahjalal University of Science and TechnologySylhetBangladesh
| | - Tanvir Ahammed
- Department of StatisticsShahjalal University of Science and TechnologySylhetBangladesh
| | - Md Mahedi Hasan
- Faculty of Business StudiesBangladesh University of Professionals (BUP)DhakaBangladesh
- Department of Mathematics and StatisticsWashington State UniversityPullmanWashingtonUSA
| | - Muhammad Abdul Baker Chowdhury
- Department of StatisticsShahjalal University of Science and TechnologySylhetBangladesh
- Department of NeurosurgeryUniversity of Florida College of MedicineGainesvilleFloridaUSA
| | - Md. Jamal Uddin
- Department of StatisticsShahjalal University of Science and TechnologySylhetBangladesh
- Department of General Educational Development (GED)Daffodil International UniversityDhakaBangladesh
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Mahmood S, Hameed W, Siddiqi S. Are women with disabilities less likely to utilize essential maternal and reproductive health services?-A secondary analysis of Pakistan Demographic Health Survey. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0273869. [PMID: 36037199 PMCID: PMC9423668 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0273869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND People with disabilities deal with widespread exclusion from healthcare services, including sexual and reproductive health (SRH) rights. Studies analyzing the relationship between disability and key SRH utilization outcomes have often reported mixed findings. In Pakistan, very little to no literature is available on this topic, therefore we aim to determine inequalities in the utilization of essential maternal and reproductive health services between women with and without disabilities in Pakistan. METHODS This was a secondary analysis of Pakistan Demographic Health Survey 2017-18 performed on a weighted sample of 6,711 women aged 15-49 years with a live birth in the 5 years preceding the survey. Six types of disabilities were assessed i.e. vision, hearing, communication, cognition, walking and self-care. Utilization of essential maternal and reproductive health services was assessed through a set of four outcome variables: (i) modern contraceptive use; (ii) skilled antenatal care (ANC); (iii) skilled birth attendance (SBA); and (iv) skilled postnatal care (PNC). Multivariate Cox regression analysis was performed to determine the association between dependent and independent variables. Data were analyzed using Stata MP Version 16.0. RESULTS A total of 6,711 women were included out of which 14.1% (n = 947) live with at least one form of disability. Mean age was 29.4 (S.E = 0.13) years. The most prevalent form of disability was vision (7.0%), followed by walking (4.8%), cognition (4.8%) and hearing (1.8%). Women with disabilities were comparatively less educated, belonged to older age group, and had higher parity than their non-disabled counterparts. With the exception of modern contraceptive use, which was more prevalent in the group with disabilities, women with disabilities were less likely to utilize skilled ANC, SBA and PNC in bivariate analysis. However, these associations turned insignificant in the adjusted model. Overall, no statistically significant differences were observed in the utilization of essential reproductive health services between women with and without disabilities after adjusting for important covariates. CONCLUSION Our analyses did not find any statistically significant differences in the utilization of essential maternal and reproductive health services between women with and without disabilities. In-depth research utilizing qualitative or mixed methods is required to understand how well the healthcare system in Pakistan is responsive to the different needs of disabled women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shafaq Mahmood
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Waqas Hameed
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Sameen Siddiqi
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
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Hossain A, Alam MJ, Mydam J, Tareque M. Do the issues of religious minority and coastal climate crisis increase the burden of chronic illness in Bangladesh? BMC Public Health 2022; 22:270. [PMID: 35144577 PMCID: PMC8830131 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-12656-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic illness with disability and its out-of-pocket expenditure (OOPE) remains a big financial challenge in Bangladesh. The purpose of this study was to explore how religious minority problem and coastal climate crisis with other common risk factors determined chronic illness with a disability and its financial burden in Bangladesh. Existing policy responses, especially, social safety net programs and their governance were analyzed for suggesting better policy options that avoid distress financing. METHODS Binary logistic and multiple linear regression models were respectively used to identify the factors of disability, and high OOPE based on Bangladesh Household Income and Expenditure Survey 2016 data. RESULTS We found that disable people had relatively higher OOPE than their non-disabled counterparts and this OOPE further surges when the number of disabilities increases. In addition to the common factors, the novelty of our findings indicated that the religious minority problem as well as the coastal climate crisis have bearing on the disability burden in Bangladesh. The likelihood of having a chronic illness with a disability was 13.2% higher for the religious minorities compared to the majorities (Odds ratio (OR): 1.132, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.033-1.241) and it was 21.6% higher for the people who lived in the exposed coast than those who lived in the non-exposed area (OR: 1.216, 95% CI: 1.107-1.335). With disabilities, people from the exposed coast incurred higher OOPE than those from the non-exposed areas. Although receiving assistance from social safety net programs (SSNPs) seemed to reduce their high OOPE and financial distress such as selling assets and being indebted, the distribution was not equitably and efficiently managed to confirm the process of inclusion leakage-free. On average, those who enrolled from the minority group and the exposed coast paid the relatively higher bribes. CONCLUSIONS To reduce burden, the government should strengthen and specify the existing SSNPs more for disable people, especially from the minority group and the exposed coast, and ensure the selection process more inclusive and leakage-free.
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Affiliation(s)
- Altaf Hossain
- Department of Statistics, Islamic University, Kushtia, 7003, Bangladesh.
| | - Md Jahangir Alam
- Department of Statistics, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh.
| | - Janardhan Mydam
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, John H. Stroger, Jr. Hospital of Cook County, 1969 Ogden Avenue, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Rush Medical Center, Chicago, USA
| | - Mohammad Tareque
- Bangladesh Institute of Governance and Management, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Saha SR, Khan MMH. Risk factors for early childhood disability in Bangladesh: Evidence from Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey 2019. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0259532. [PMID: 34735527 PMCID: PMC8568190 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0259532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Early childhood is a vital part of human life because most of the brain developments occur in this particular period. Early childhood disability is a significant global public health burden, which can negatively impact the children's quality of life and their overall productivity. It is also a major social and economic problem in Bangladesh. Therefore, it is very important to understand the associated factors for early childhood disability, which may help disability prevention, better management and policy formulation. The main objective of this study is to investigate the child, family, and community-level factors associated with early childhood disability in Bangladesh. METHODS A cross sectional nationally representative data was derived from Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS), 2019. A total of 14,072 Bangladeshi children under five years of age were selected for this study. Various types of statistical analysis (simple, bivariate, multivariable) were performed. To assess the bivariate relationship between chosen categorical variables (independent) and early childhood disability (dependent), a chi-square test was used. The multivariable ordinal logistic regression was used to find out the association of disability with child, family, and community-level factors. RESULTS The results show that 2.0% of the children have at least one disability and 0.8% have more disabilities. Several factors namely not attending in early childhood education [Odds Ratio (OR) = 0.65; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.13-1.17 Ρ = 0.01], having mother's functional difficulty (OR = 1.23; 95% (CI) = 0.58-1.88 Ρ <0.001), unhappy mother's life (OR = 0.85; 95% CI = 0.30-1.39 Ρ <0.001), parents without internet access (OR = 0.68; 95% CI = 0.06-1.29 Ρ = 0.03) and parents using mobile phone (OR = 0.52; 95% CI = 0.09-0.95 Ρ = 0.02) were found to be important for early childhood disability in Bangladesh. CONCLUSION Early childhood disability is still neglected in Bangladesh and further epidemiological studies are recommended. The findings of this study may help policy makers and relevant stakeholders to develop interventions for reducing the overall burden of early childhood disability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilpi Rani Saha
- Bangladesh University of Professionals, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- * E-mail:
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Alam MZ. Women outweighed men at life expectancy in Bangladesh: does it mean a better quality of life? Heliyon 2021; 7:e07618. [PMID: 34368483 PMCID: PMC8326742 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Men had a higher life expectancy than women until 2000 in Bangladesh. After 2000, statistics showed that women had a higher life expectancy than men. We aimed to address whether higher life expectancy is a gain or burden (Failures of Success) for older women. Methods We utilised data from Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey-2011, Health and Morbidity Status Survey-2014, Population and Housing Census-2011, Household Income and Expenditure Survey-2010, and primary data. We calculated and estimated gender-specific different aspects of quality of life. Findings Findings showed that the mean age at marriage was 5.8 years lower for women, while life expectancy was three years higher than men; thus, women were expected to live for 8.8 years alone. Both disabilities and morbidities were higher among women than men; hence they had lower healthy life expectancy. About 53% of women could work daily activities while 8% higher for men. Only 2.4% of women earned while almost 58% for men. Depression and loneliness were also higher among women than men. The value of the active ageing index and quality of life were also lower for women than men. Conclusion This study overall found that there were the Failures of Success especially for older women in Bangladesh, as increasing life expectancies led them to extra years of chronic illness, economic insolvency, more anxiety and depression, and increasing misery. Therefore, sex and gender and their inherent differences should inform decision making to promote gender equity in health. The government and policymakers may intervene for quality of life, especially for women, through reducing gender stereotypes and increasing community engagement. Without considering the quality of life, healthy ageing cannot be ensured.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Zakiul Alam
- Department of Population Sciences, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
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Alam MS, Tareque MI, Peet ED, Rahman MM, Mahmud T. Female Participation in Household Decision Making and the Justification of Wife Beating in Bangladesh. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2021; 36:2986-3005. [PMID: 29695218 DOI: 10.1177/0886260518772111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We examined female participation in household decision making and its association with the justification of wife beating in Bangladesh. We used nationally representative data from the 2014 Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey. Our sample consisted of currently married women of age 15 to 49 years (n = 16,463). Chi-square tests and multilevel logistic regression models were performed. Approximately 84% of women in the survey were participants in at least one household decision, and 72% reported that wife beating is not justified in any circumstance. Women who reported their participation in at least one type of household decision less frequently reported that wife beating could be justified than those who did not participate in any household decisions (adjusted odds ratio = 1.49; 95% confidence interval = [1.25, 1.78]). In addition to participation in household decision making, other factors including age at first marriage, females' and their husbands' education, religion, parity, contraceptive use, and socioeconomic status were associated with the justification of wife beating. The results indicate that female participation in household decision making is significantly associated with the justification of wife beating in Bangladesh. Further study is needed, but the results suggest that policy makers should consider interventions proven to empower women and lead to increased participation in decision making as methods that may reduce domestic violence against women.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Md Ismail Tareque
- University of Rajshahi, Bangladesh
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | | | | | - Tanvir Mahmud
- Bangladesh Initiative for Sustainable Future, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Stuckey R, Draganovic P, Ullah MM, Fossey E, Dillon MP. Barriers and facilitators to work participation for persons with lower limb amputations in Bangladesh following prosthetic rehabilitation. Prosthet Orthot Int 2020; 44:279-289. [PMID: 32686604 DOI: 10.1177/0309364620934322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lower limb amputation due to workplace injury and motor vehicle accident is common in Bangladesh. Qualitative research may extend our understanding of how physical impairment and other factors, such as cultural norms, family roles and the built environment, facilitate or hinder work participation following lower limb amputation and prosthetic rehabilitation. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to explore the experience of people in Bangladesh following lower limb amputation and prosthetic rehabilitation to understand the facilitators and barriers to their work participation. STUDY DESIGN Qualitative interviews with thematic analysis. METHODS The Worker Role Interview was used to guide semi-structured interviews in a convenience sample of 10 adults living in Bangladesh following lower limb amputation and prosthetic rehabilitation. Interviews were interpreted, and the themes that emerged were evidenced with first-person quotes. RESULTS Barriers and facilitators to work participation were synthesised into the following themes: spirituality, attitudes, meaning of work, planning for work participation, traditional gender roles, social support, mobility aids, environmental challenges and ergonomic adaptations. CONCLUSION This qualitative approach identified barriers and facilitators to work participation, such as the role of spirituality and the effect of gender roles, that have not been well researched in this population. Being aware of their effects can help clinicians reduce barriers to work participation. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Greater awareness of the barriers and facilitators to work participation, such as the role of spirituality or the effect of gender roles, can assist clinicians to reduce barriers and help facilitate work participation for people living in Bangladesh following lower limb amputation and prosthetic rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rwth Stuckey
- Discipline of Ergonomics, Safety and Health, Department of Public Health, School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Pam Draganovic
- Discipline of Rehabilitation Counselling, Department of Public Health, School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Mohammad Mosayed Ullah
- Discipline of Occupational Therapy, Department of Occupational Therapy, Social Work and Social Policy, School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Ellie Fossey
- Discipline of Occupational Therapy, School of Primary and Allied Health Care, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences at Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Michael P Dillon
- Discipline of Prosthetic and Orthotics, Department of Physiotherapy, Podiatry and Prosthetics and Orthotics, School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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12
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Abalos JB, Booth H. Factors associated with regional variation in disability-free life expectancy based on functional difficulty among older persons in the Philippines. ASIAN POPULATION STUDIES 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/17441730.2020.1795997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeofrey B. Abalos
- Demographic Research and Development Foundation, Inc., University of the Philippines Diliman, 2/F Palma Hall, Roxas Avenue, corner Roces St, Quezon City, Philippines, 1101
| | - Heather Booth
- School of Demography, ANU College of Arts and Social Sciences, The Australian National University, 9 Fellows Road, Acton ACT 2601, Australia
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Body mass index of women in Bangladesh: comparing Multiple Linear Regression and Quantile Regression. J Biosoc Sci 2020; 53:247-265. [DOI: 10.1017/s0021932020000176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThis study explored the association between socio-demographic factors and the body mass index (BMI) of women of reproductive age (15–49 years) in Bangladesh. Data from the 2014 Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey (BDHS-14) were analysed using Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) and Quantile Regression (QR) analyses. The study sample comprised 15,636 non-pregnant women aged 15–49. The mean BMI of the women was 22.35±4.12 kg/m2. Over half (56.75%) had a BMI in the normal range (18<BMI<25 kg/m2), and 18.50%, 20.00% and 4.75% were underweight (BMI≤18 kg/m2), overweight (25≤BMI<30 kg/m2) and obese (BMI≥30 kg/m2), respectively. The results of the MLR found that age, wealth index, urban/rural place of residence, geographical division, womenʼs educational status, husbandʼs educational status, womenʼs working status and total number of children ever born were significantly (p<0.001) associated with respondents’ mean BMI. The QR results showed different associations between socio-demographic factors and mean BMI, as well as a different conditional distribution of mean BMI. Overall, the results indicated that women with uneducated husbands, with little or no education and from less-affluent households from rural areas tended to be more underweight compared with women in other groups. The inter-relationship between the study womenʼs mean BMI and associated socio-demographic factors was assessed using QR analysis to identify the most vulnerable cohorts of women in Bangladesh.
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Double burden of underweight and overweight among women of reproductive age in Bangladesh. Public Health Nutr 2019; 22:3163-3174. [PMID: 31544733 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980019002611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Bangladesh, like many emerging economies of South-East Asia, has started to experience a double burden of continuing high rates of undernutrition and increasing rates of overweight and obesity. A lack of assessment of the nutritional shift leaves a gap in current policies: the growing overweight and obesity is yet to be addressed. The present paper investigates the change in nutritional status, particularly the shift in BMI, of Bangladeshi women of reproductive age (15-49 years) and characterizes the vulnerable households for both underweight and overweight status during a period of 10 years (2004-2014). DESIGN Generalized linear mixed-effect models were fitted for both urban and rural residents to assess underweight and overweight status. SETTING Bangladesh Demographic and Health Surveys. PARTICIPANTS Women aged 15-49 years (n 53 077). RESULTS The proportion of overweight increased during 2004-2014 from 10·7 to 25·1 % and the proportion of underweight decreased from 32·6 to 18·2 %. Prevalence of underweight status remained high in rural areas and prevalence of overweight increased rapidly in both rural and urban areas, creating a double burden. The significant contributors to this double burden were the change in women's level of education, increased household wealth, divisional location and rapid urbanization. CONCLUSIONS The findings indicate that specific cohort- or area-based intervention policy studies in line with the UN Decade of Action on Nutrition are required to address the nutritional double burden in Bangladesh.
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Abstract
Physical rehabilitation medicine started in Bangladesh 50 years ago, but there is no documentary evidence stating its origin, history of progression as a specialty, and work with agenda items. A gap exists between disability-related health and participation, which affects service delivery systems offered to persons with disability (PwD). Disability prevalence ranges from 0.47% to 14.4%. Illiteracy, maldistribution of wealth, and increasing prevalence of chronic diseases add to the burden of existing disability. It is necessary to involve all stakeholders in disability management to strengthen medical rehabilitation teams and improve service delivery while advocating for the rights and needs of PwD.
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Harsha N, Ziq L, Giacaman R. Disability among Palestinian elderly in the occupied Palestinian territory (oPt): prevalence and associated factors. BMC Public Health 2019; 19:432. [PMID: 31023288 PMCID: PMC6482486 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-019-6758-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Disability poses an important challenge to countries all over the world since it affects more than 15% of the global population. The disability prevalence is higher in developing countries compared to developed ones. Disability has negative consequences on health, wellbeing, and quality of life. The goal of this study is to assess the prevalence of disability and to determine some of its associated factors among Palestinian elderly in the occupied Palestinian territory (oPt), a country marked by a chronic lack of political, economic, and social stability which affect various aspects of the population's life. METHODS We used data from the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics (PCBS) disability survey conducted in 2011 using a nationally representative sample of the Palestinians living in the West Bank (WB) and Gaza Strip (GS). Data were collected using a standardized questionnaire developed and adopted by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Washington Group (WG) for Disability Statistics, adapted to satisfy the Palestinian context. RESULTS Overall, 31.2% of the Palestinian elderly 60 years and above reported one or more type of disability. Binary logistic regression with disability as the dependent variable showed that older people [OR = 2.88, 95% CI: 2.31-3.60], women [OR = 1.65, 95% CI: 1.33-2.04], illiterate people [OR = 2.37, 95% CI: 1.83-3.06], people reporting small family sizes with 1 to 2 members [OR = 1.69, 95% CI: 1.34-2.14], people who reported that they were not working at the time of the survey [OR = 4.59, 95% CI: 3.13-6.73], and Palestinian refugees [OR = 1.22, 95% CI: 1.04-1.42] were more likely to have a disability. However, residents of the Centre of WB were less likely to have disability compared to residents of the GS [OR = 0.46, 95% CI: 0.37-0.58]. CONCLUSIONS The study found a high prevalence of disability among Palestinian elderly, as has been reported by the majority of studies performed in developing countries. However, results indicate that demographic and socioeconomic differences among the disabled should be taken into special consideration in setting policies and practices to improve the health and wellbeing of the disabled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nouh Harsha
- Faculty of Public Health, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- Institute of Community and Public Health, Birzeit University- ICPH/BZU, Birzeit, Occupied Palestinian Territory
| | - Luay Ziq
- MPH, ICPH/BZU, UNRWA, Ramallah, West Bank, Occupied Palestinian Territory
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Habib GMM, Rabinovich R, Divgi K, Ahmed S, Saha SK, Singh S, Uddin A, Pinnock H. Systematic review (protocol) of clinical effectiveness and models of care of low-resource pulmonary rehabilitation. NPJ Prim Care Respir Med 2019; 29:10. [PMID: 30952884 PMCID: PMC6450955 DOI: 10.1038/s41533-019-0122-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
More than half of the people with chronic respiratory diseases (CRDs) live in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). The increasing disability, reduced productivity, associated anxiety and depression from CRDs result in social isolation and economic hardship for patients and their families. Pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) is a guideline-recommended multidisciplinary and multifaceted intervention that improves the physical and psychological condition of people with CRD. However, PR services are underprovided and uptake is poor in LMICs, especially in low-resourced setting. We aim to systematically assess the effectiveness, applicable components and mode of delivery of PR. We will search MEDLINE, EMBASE, CABI, AMED and CENTRAL from January 1990 using a PICOS search strategy (Population: adults with CRD (including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, post-tuberculosis, remodelled asthma); Intervention: PR; Comparator: usual care; Outcomes: functional exercise capacity and Health-Related Quality-of-Life; Setting: low-resource settings). Two reviewers will independently screen titles/abstracts and full texts for eligibility and extract data from included papers. We will use the Cochrane Risk-of-Bias tool, rating the quality of evidence using GRADE. We will use narrative synthesis to answer our three objectives: What is the effectiveness of PR in low-resource settings? What components are used in effective studies? What models of service delivery are used? This systematic review will inform the potential impact and practical models of low-resource PR for the betterment of patients with CRDs to improve their substantial health-care burden and address poor quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- G M Monsur Habib
- Bangladesh Primary Care Respiratory Society, Khulna, Bangladesh
- NIHR Global Health Research Unit on Respiratory Health (RESPIRE), Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Roberto Rabinovich
- ELEGI/Colt laboratory, Centre for Inflammation Research, QMRI, The University of Edinburgh and Respiratory Department, Royal Infirmary Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - Salahuddin Ahmed
- NIHR Global Health Research Unit on Respiratory Health (RESPIRE), Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Johns Hopkins University-Bangladesh, Projahnmo, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | - Sally Singh
- Pulmonary and Cardiac Rehabilitation, Department of Respiratory Medicine (Acute Division), University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK
| | - Aftab Uddin
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Hilary Pinnock
- NIHR Global Health Research Unit on Respiratory Health (RESPIRE), Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
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Rathore F, Uddin T, Islam M, O'Connell C. Disability and rehabilitation medicine in Bangladesh: Current scenario and future perspectives. THE JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OF PHYSICAL AND REHABILITATION MEDICINE 2019. [DOI: 10.4103/jisprm.jisprm_61_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Biswas RK, Rahman N, Kabir E, Raihan F. Women's opinion on the justification of physical spousal violence: A quantitative approach to model the most vulnerable households in Bangladesh. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0187884. [PMID: 29161277 PMCID: PMC5697832 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0187884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Bangladesh is a culturally conservative nation with limited freedom for women. A number of studies have evaluated intimate partner violence (IPV) and spousal physical violence in Bangladesh; however, the views of women have been rarely discussed in a quantitative manner. Three nationwide surveys in Bangladesh (2007, 2011, and 2014) were analyzed in this study to characterize the most vulnerable households, where women themselves accepted spousal physical violence as a general norm. 31.3%, 31.9% and 28.7% women in the surveys found justification for physical violence in household in 2007, 2011 and 2014 respectively. The binary logistic model showed wealth index, education of both women and their partner, religion, geographical division, decision making freedom and marital age as significant household contributors for women's perspective in all the three years. Women in rich households and the highly educated were found to be 40% and 50% less likely to accept domestic physical violence compared to the poorest and illiterate women. Similarly, women who got married before 18 years were 20% more likely accept physical violence in the family as a norm. Apart from these particular groups (richest, highly educated and married after 18 years), other groups had around 30% acceptance rate of household violence. For any successful attempt to reduce spousal physical violence in the traditional patriarchal society of Bangladesh, interventions must target the most vulnerable households and the geographical areas where women experience spousal violence. Although this paper focuses on women's attitudes, it is important that any intervention scheme should be devised to target both men and women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raaj Kishore Biswas
- School of Agricultural, Computational and Environmental Sciences, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Nusma Rahman
- Department of Statistics, Jagannath University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Enamul Kabir
- School of Agricultural, Computational and Environmental Sciences, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Farabi Raihan
- Institute of Research and Training (ISRT), University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Rahman M, Guntupalli AM, Byles JE. Socio-demographic differences of disability prevalence among the population aged 60 years and over in Bangladesh. ASIAN POPULATION STUDIES 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/17441730.2017.1396038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mijanur Rahman
- Priority Research Centre for Generational Health and Ageing & Centre for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The University of Newcastle, Australia
- Assistant professor, Department of Statistics, Comilla University, Bangladesh
| | | | - Julie E. Byles
- Priority Research Centre for Generational Health and Ageing & Centre for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The University of Newcastle, Australia
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Rahman M, Khan HT, Hafford-Letchfield T, Sultana R. Socio-economic inequalities in health among older adults in two rural sub-districts in India and Bangladesh: a comparative cross-sectional study. ASIAN POPULATION STUDIES 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/17441730.2017.1364461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mijanur Rahman
- Research Centre for Generational Health and Ageing, The University of Newcastle, Australia
| | - Hafiz T.A. Khan
- College of Nursing, Midwifery and Healthcare, University of West London, UK
| | - Trish Hafford-Letchfield
- Department of Mental Health, Social Work and Integrative Medicine, School of Health and Education, Middlesex University, UK
| | - Ratna Sultana
- Fousderhat Nursing College, University of Chittagong, Bangladesh
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Habib MA, Rahaman KS, Chaklader MA. Client’s Satisfaction With Disability care Services Available in a Selected District in Bangladesh. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGIC RESEARCH 2017. [DOI: 10.15171/ijer.2017.04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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Tareque MI, Tiedt AD, Islam TM, Begum S, Saito Y. Gender differences in functional disability and self-care among seniors in Bangladesh. BMC Geriatr 2017; 17:177. [PMID: 28789638 PMCID: PMC5549315 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-017-0577-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Disability among older adults is a public health concern. To date there are no in-depth and comprehensive analyses on older adults' disabilities in Bangladesh. This study investigated gender differences in the prevalence of disability and the socio-demographic factors associated with disability among older adults in Bangladesh. METHODS This research used a sample of 4176 elderly males and females aged 60 years and over from a nationally representative data set- Bangladesh's 2010 Household Income and Expenditure Survey. The study used both household level and individual level data and applied a wealth index, which was constructed based on household assets using principal component analysis. The Washington Group's short set of questions on disability were used to measure disability. Chi-square tests and ordinal logistic regression models were fit. RESULTS Forty-two percent of older had some form of functional disability, including 5% of elderly with severe/extreme functional disability. Seven percent of older adults had a self-care disability, including 3% of elderly with a severe/extreme form of self-care disability. Elderly females suffered from all the studied disabilities, including functional and self-care disabilities in higher percentages, and had higher odds ratios of having both functional disability and self-care disability compared to elderly males. The study also identified some significant factors affecting functional disability and self-care disability, namely age, having a chronic condition, wealth status and place of residence, including divisional differences. CONCLUSIONS Programs aimed at reducing functional disability among seniors, particularly elderly females, should be granted the highest priority in Bangladesh.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Ismail Tareque
- Department of Population Science and Human Resource Development, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh.
| | | | | | - Sharifa Begum
- Population Studies Division, Bangladesh Institute of Development Studies (BIDS), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Yasuhiko Saito
- University Research Center and School of Medicine, Nihon University, Tokyo, Japan.,Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
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Islam MS, Tareque MI, Mondal MNI, Fazle Rabbi AM, Khan HTA, Begum S. Urban-rural differences in disability-free life expectancy in Bangladesh using the 2010 HIES data. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0179987. [PMID: 28742101 PMCID: PMC5524410 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Research on health expectancy has been carried out in Bangladesh but none of it has examined the differences in Disability-Free Life Expectancy (DFLE) between urban and rural setting in context of rapid urbanization of Bangladesh in past decades. Objectives The present study aims to estimate DFLE for people of all ages living in urban and rural areas in Bangladesh, and to examine the differences in DFLE between these two areas. Methods Data from the Sample Vital Registration System 2010 and the Bangladesh Household Income and Expenditure Survey (HIES) 2010 were used in this study. The Sullivan method was applied to estimate DFLE in Bangladesh. Results Higher rates of mortality and disability were observed in rural areas compared to urban areas with few exceptions. Statistically significant differences in DFLE were revealed from birth to age 15 years for both sexes between urban and rural areas. Urban males had a longer life expectancy (LE), longer DFLE and shorter LE with disability both in number and proportion when compared to rural males. Rural females at age 20+ years had a longer LE than urban females but urban females had a longer DFLE and a shorter LE with disability in both number and proportion at all ages than did rural females. Conclusion This study demonstrates that there were clear inequalities in LE, DFLE and LE with disability between rural and urban areas of Bangladesh along with age-specific differences as well. These findings may serve as useful and benchmark for intervention and policy implications for reducing the gap in health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Shariful Islam
- Department of Population Science and Human Resource Development, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Ismail Tareque
- Department of Population Science and Human Resource Development, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
- * E-mail:
| | - Md. Nazrul Islam Mondal
- Department of Population Science and Human Resource Development, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| | | | - Hafiz T. A. Khan
- Graduate School, The University of West London, St Mary’s Road, Ealing, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sharifa Begum
- Population Studies Division, Bangladesh Institute of Development Studies (BIDS), Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Sultana M, Mahumud RA, Sarker AR. Burden of chronic illness and associated disabilities in Bangladesh: Evidence from the Household Income and Expenditure Survey. Chronic Dis Transl Med 2017; 3:112-122. [PMID: 29063064 PMCID: PMC5627690 DOI: 10.1016/j.cdtm.2017.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to investigate the distribution of chronic illness and associated disability, out-of-pocket payment (OOPP), and other related factors using survey data from Bangladesh. METHODS This study analyzed Bangladesh Household Income and Expenditure Survey data that include socio-economic and demographic data, such as consumption, expenditures, and assets, along with information regarding chronic illness and disability. Multiple linear regression models were used to identify factors significantly associated with OOPP. Furthermore, a binary Logistic regression model was employed to assess the association of the explanatory variables with disability status. RESULTS A higher prevalence of chronic illness was found for those with chronic gastritis (18.70%), and 41.92% of the population had at least one side disability. The average OOPP healthcare expenditure for chronic illness was estimated to be US$7.59. Higher OOPP was found among the upper 2 wealth quintiles. Overall OOPP health expenditure was significantly higher among individuals with an associated disability (P < 0.001). The likelihood of having an associated disability was higher among those individuals with a lower education level (OR = 2.36, 95% CI: 1.95-4.06), those who not earning an income (OR = 2.85, 95% CI: 2.53-3.21), those who did not seek care (OR = 1.73, 95% CI: 1.57-1.90), those who sought care from a pharmacy (OR = 8.91, 95% CI: 7.38-10.74), and those in the lowest wealth quintile (OR = 7.21, 95% CI: 6.41-8.12). CONCLUSIONS The high OOPP illustrates the necessity of financial risk protection for the population at low socio-economic status. Therefore, we recommend that the government strengthen the healthcare system with appropriate support directed to the rural and elderly populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marufa Sultana
- Health Economics and Financing Research, Health Systems and Population Studies Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr'b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Rashidul Alam Mahumud
- Health Economics and Financing Research, Health Systems and Population Studies Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr'b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Abdur Razzaque Sarker
- Health Economics and Financing Research, Health Systems and Population Studies Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr'b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
- University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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Islam FMA, Bhowmik JL, Islam SZ, Renzaho AMN, Hiller JE. Factors Associated with Disability in Rural Bangladesh: Bangladesh Population-Based Diabetes and Eye Study (BPDES). PLoS One 2016; 11:e0165625. [PMID: 27936096 PMCID: PMC5147781 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0165625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 10/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To assess factors associated with disability in a rural district of Bangladesh. METHODS Using a population-based systematic sampling technique, data were collected from 3104 adults aged ≥ 30 years from the Banshgram union of Narail district. Data collected included an interviewer administered questionnaire to report physical disabilities including impairment that prevents engagement with paid work, visual, hearing, and mobility as well as mental disabilities. Socio-demographic and anthropometric factors including educational attainment and body mass index, as well as clinical factors such as blood pressure, and fasting blood glucose were also collected. Binary and multinomial logistic regression techniques were used to explore the association of various socio-demographic and clinical factors with disability. RESULTS The mean (SD), minimum and maximum ages of the participants were 51 (12), 30 and 89 years. Of total participants, 65% were female. The prevalence of disability varied from 29.1% for visual impairment (highest) to 16.5% for hearing, 14.7% for movement difficulties and 1.6% (lowest) for any other disability that prevented engagement with paid work. Overall, the prevalence of a single disability was 28.6% and that of two or more disabilities was 14.7%. Older age, gender (female), lower socio-economic status (SES), and hypertension were associated with a higher prevalence of most of the disability components. The prevalence of hearing problems (24.5% vs. 13.3%, p<0.001) and movement difficulties (24.9% vs. 13.0%, p<0.001) was significantly higher among lower-income participants than their higher-income counterparts after controlling for age. Prevalence of visual impairment (54.6% vs. 9.2%, p<0.001), hearing (32.2% vs. 6.7%, p<0.001) and movement difficulties (29.2% vs. 5.5%, p<0.001) were significantly higher in people of aged 60 years or older than those aged 30-34 years. After multivariate adjustment, the prevalence of single disability (prevalence risk ratio [PRR] 1.25, 95% CI: 1.09-1.42, p<0.001), and multiple disabilities (PRR 1.41, 95% CI 1.14-1.73, p<0.001) was higher among females than males. The prevalence of single disability and multiple disabilities was respectively 21% (PRR 1.21, 95% CI: 1.02-1.42, p<0.001) and 88% (PRR 1.88, 95% CI: 1.38-2.54, p<0.001) higher among participants with low educational attainment (primary level or less) than those with at least a secondary level of education. CONCLUSIONS In rural Bangladesh, the prevalence of disability is high. Public health programs should target those of low SES, older age, and female participants and aim to provide necessary supports in order to bridge disability-related inequities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fakir M. Amirul Islam
- Department of Statistics, Data Science and Epidemiology, Faculty of Health, Arts and Design, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn campus, Hawthorn, Victoria, Australia
- Organization for Rural Community Development, Dariapur, Narail, Bangladesh
- * E-mail:
| | - Jahar L. Bhowmik
- Department of Statistics, Data Science and Epidemiology, Faculty of Health, Arts and Design, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn campus, Hawthorn, Victoria, Australia
| | - Silvia Z. Islam
- Organization for Rural Community Development, Dariapur, Narail, Bangladesh
- School of Economics, Finance and Marketing, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andre M. N. Renzaho
- Humanitarian and Development Studies, School of Social Science and Psychology, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Janet E. Hiller
- School of Health Science, Faculty of Health, Arts and Design, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn campus, Hawthorn, Victoria, Australia
- School of Population Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
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Moniruzzaman M, Zaman MM, Mashreky SR, Rahman AKMF. Prevalence of disability in Manikganj district of Bangladesh: results from a large-scale cross-sectional survey. BMJ Open 2016; 6:e010207. [PMID: 27431897 PMCID: PMC4964198 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2015-010207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To conduct a comprehensive survey on disability to determine the prevalence and distribution of cause-specific disability among residents of the Manikganj district in Bangladesh. METHODS The survey was conducted in Manikganj, a typical district in Bangladesh, in 2009. Data were collected from 37 030 individuals of all ages. Samples were drawn from 8905 households from urban and rural areas proportionate to population size. Three sets of interviewer-administered questionnaires were used separately for age groups 0-1 years, 2-10 years and 11 years and above to collect data. For the age groups 0-1 years and 2-10 years, the parents or the head of the household were interviewed to obtain the responses. Impairments, activity limitations and restriction of participation were considered in defining disability consistent with the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health framework. RESULTS Overall, age-standardised prevalence of disability per 1000 was 46.5 (95% CI 44.4 to 48.6). Prevalence was significantly higher among respondents living in rural areas (50.2; 95% CI 47.7 to 52.7) than in urban areas (31.0; 95% CI 27.0 to 35.0). Overall, female respondents had more disability (50.0; 95% CI 46.9 to 53.1) than male respondents (43.4; 95% CI 40.5 to 46.3). Educational deprivation was closely linked to higher prevalence of disability. Commonly reported prevalences (per 1000) for underlying causes of disability were 20.2 for illness, followed by 9.4 for congenital causes and 6.8 for injury, and these were consistent in males and females. CONCLUSIONS Disability is a common problem in this typical district of Bangladesh, which is largely generalisable. Interventions at community level with special attention to the socioeconomically deprived are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - M Mostafa Zaman
- Noncommunicable Disease Unit, WHO Country Office for Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Saidur Rahman Mashreky
- Department of Public Health and Injury Prevention, Centre for Injury Prevention and Research Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - A K M Fazlur Rahman
- Department of Administration, Centre for Injury Prevention and Research Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Marella M, Huq NL, Devine A, Baker SM, Quaiyum MA, Keeffe JE. Prevalence and correlates of disability in Bogra district of Bangladesh using the rapid assessment of disability survey. BMC Public Health 2015; 15:867. [PMID: 26346063 PMCID: PMC4561432 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-015-2202-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of disability and its associated risk factors among adults aged 18 years and over in Bogra district, Bangladesh. Methods The Rapid Assessment of Disability (RAD) survey was conducted using probability-proportional-to-size sampling to select 66 clusters each with 50 people aged 18 years and older in 2010. Households within clusters were selected through compact segment sampling. Disability was identified based on the responses to the self-assessment of functioning section of the RAD questionnaire. Descriptive and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to model the associations between risk factors and disability status. Results Of 1855 adults who participated in the study, 195 (10.5 %) had disability. Age and gender adjusted prevalence of disability in Bogra district was 8.9 % (95 % CI: 7.7, 10.3). The highest prevalence of functional limitation was related to psychological distress (4.7 %; 95 % CI: 3.8, 5.7) followed by vision (4.4 %; 95 % CI: 3.6, 5.4), and hearing (2.3 %; 95 % CI: 1.7, 3.0) difficulties. The adjusted odds of disability increased with age with approximately eight-fold increase from 2.9 % (95 % CI: 1.6, 5.1) in 18–24 years to 24.5 % (95 % CI: 20.2, 29.4) in 55 years and above. People with poor socio-economic status (OR 1.90; 95 % CI: 1.1, 3.3) and who were unemployed (OR = 4.6; 95 % CI: 1.8, 11.6) were more like to have disability compared to the higher socio-economic status and those who have an occupation respectively. Conclusions There is a significant need for promoting programs for health, well-being, and rehabilitation, and policies specifically targeting the older population, women, unemployed and poor people in Bangladesh.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manjula Marella
- Nossal Institute for Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Nafisa L Huq
- Centre for Reproductive Health, International Centre for Diarrheal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Bangladesh.
| | - Alexandra Devine
- Nossal Institute for Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Sally M Baker
- Nossal Institute for Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Md A Quaiyum
- Centre for Reproductive Health, International Centre for Diarrheal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Bangladesh.
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Tareque MI, Koshio A, Tiedt AD, Hasegawa T. Are the rates of hypertension and diabetes higher in people from lower socioeconomic status in Bangladesh? Results from a nationally representative survey. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0127954. [PMID: 26017066 PMCID: PMC4446365 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0127954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective A well-established belief regarding inequalities in health around the world is that hypertension and diabetes are higher in groups of lower socioeconomic status. We examined whether rates of hypertension, diabetes, and the coexistence of hypertension and diabetes are higher in people from a lower socioeconomic status than in those from a higher socioeconomic status in Bangladesh. Methods We investigated a nationally representative dataset from the 2011 Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey with objective measures for hypertension and diabetes. A wealth index was constructed from data on household assets using principal components analysis. Chi-square tests and logistic regressions were performed to test the associations between wealth level, hypertension and diabetes. Findings People from the highest wealth quintile were significantly more likely to have hypertension (Adjusted odds ratios [AOR] = 1.65, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.22-2.25), diabetes (AOR = 1.81, 95% CI = 1.21-2.71), and the coexistence of hypertension and diabetes (AOR = 2.17, 95% CI = 1.05-4.49) than people from the lowest wealth quintile. The odds of having hypertension, diabetes, and their coexistence were higher for older people, women, people who engaged in less physical labor, and people who were overweight and obese. Conclusion Wealthier people, particularly people from the fourth and highest wealth quintiles, should be careful to avoid unhealthy lifestyles to prevent hypertension and diabetes. Health policy makers and planners are urged to target wealthier strata in terms of hypertension and diabetes initiatives while paying special attention to older people, women, people who engage in less physical labor, and individuals who are overweight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Ismail Tareque
- Department of Population Science and Human Resource Development, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Andrew D. Tiedt
- United States Department of Justice, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Toshihiko Hasegawa
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
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Tareque MI, Saito Y, Kawahara K. Healthy life expectancy and the correlates of self-rated health in Bangladesh in 1996 and 2002. BMC Public Health 2015; 15:312. [PMID: 25885459 PMCID: PMC4391123 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-015-1640-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2013] [Accepted: 01/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Life expectancy (LE) at birth has increased steadily in Bangladesh since its independence. When people live longer, quality of life becomes a central issue. This study examines whether healthy life expectancy (HLE) at ages 15, 25, 35, and 45 is keeping pace with LE at those ages between 1996 and 2002. It also seeks to investigate the correlates of self-rated health (SRH) in 1996 and 2002. Methods We used data from the World Values Survey conducted in 1996 and 2002 among individuals 15 years and older. The Sullivan method was used to compute HLE. Socio-demographic differences and their association with different states of health were examined by chi-square and Pearson’s correlation tests. Multiple linear regression models were fitted to examine the correlates of SRH. Results The results show that perceived health improved between 1996 and 2002. For males, statistically significant increases in the expected number of years lived in good SRH were found. Proportionally, in 2002, both males and females at ages 15, 25, 35 and 45 expected more life years in good health and fewer life years in fair and poor health than did their counterparts in 1996. Comparatively, males expected fewer life years spent in good health but a much larger proportion of expected life in good health than did females. Finally, in multivariate analyses, life satisfaction was the only factor found to be significantly and positively associated with SRH for males and females in both years, although in both years the association was much more pronounced for females than for males. Conclusion This study documented changes in HLE during 1996-2002. Women outlive men, but they have a lower quality of life and are more likely to live a greater part of their remaining life in poor SRH. Life satisfaction as well as other significant factors associated with SRH should be promoted, with special attention given to women, to improve healthy life expectancy and the quality of life of the Bangladeshi people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Ismail Tareque
- Department of Population Science and Human Resource Development, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh.
| | - Yasuhiko Saito
- Advanced Research Institute for the Sciences and Humanities, Nihon University, Tokyo, Japan. .,School of Medicine, Nihon University, Tokyo, Japan. .,Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Kazuo Kawahara
- Department of Health Care Management and Planning, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.
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