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Ahmed KT, Afrin A, Hasan M, Sogir SB, Rahman L, Karimuzzaman M, Rahman KA, Hossain MM, Khan HTA. Age and sex-specific disability-free life expectancy in urban and rural settings of Bangladesh. Popul Health Metr 2024; 22:7. [PMID: 38643138 DOI: 10.1186/s12963-024-00327-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Disability-free life expectancy (DFLE) has been used to gain a better understanding of the population's quality of life. OBJECTIVES The authors aimed to estimate age and sex-specific disability-free life expectancy (DFLE) for urban and rural areas of Bangladesh, as well as to investigate the differences in DFLE between males and females of urban and rural areas. METHODS Data from the Bangladesh Sample Vital Statistics-2016 and the Bangladesh Household Income and Expenditure Survey (HIES)-2016 were used to calculate the disability-free life expectancy (DFLE) of urban and rural males and females in Bangladesh in 2016. The DFLE was calculated using the Sullivan method. RESULTS With only a few exceptions, rural areas have higher mortality and disability rates than urban areas. For both males and females, statistically significant differences in DFLE were reported between urban and rural areas between the ages of birth and 39 years. In comparison to rural males and females, urban males and females had a longer life expectancy (LE), a longer disability-free life expectancy, and a higher share of life without disability. CONCLUSION This study illuminates stark urban-rural disparities in LE and DFLE, especially among individuals aged < 1-39 years. Gender dynamics reveal longer life expectancy but shorter disability-free life expectancy for Bangladeshi women compared to men, emphasizing the need for targeted interventions to address these pronounced health inequalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khandaker Tanveer Ahmed
- Department of Statistics and Data Science, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, 1342, Bangladesh.
| | - Aziza Afrin
- Department of Statistics and Data Science, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, 1342, Bangladesh
| | - Mehedi Hasan
- Department of Statistics and Data Science, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, 1342, Bangladesh
| | - Sajjad Bin Sogir
- Department of Statistics and Data Science, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, 1342, Bangladesh
| | - Labiba Rahman
- Department of Statistics and Data Science, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, 1342, Bangladesh
| | - Md Karimuzzaman
- DREXEL Dornsife School of Public Health, DREXEL University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kazi Arifur Rahman
- Office of the Deputy Commissioner, People's Republic of Bangladesh, Satkhira, Bangladesh
| | - Md Moyazzem Hossain
- Department of Statistics and Data Science, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, 1342, Bangladesh
- School of Mathematics, Statistics and Physics, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, Tyne and Wear, NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Hafiz T A Khan
- Public Health & Statistics, College of Nursing, Midwifery and Healthcare, University of West London, Brentford, UK
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Asiamah N, Khan HTA, Yarfi C, Agyemang SM, Arthur-Mensah Jnr R, Muhonja F, Sghaier S, Kouveliotis K. Associations of frailty with partial and absolute sedentary behaviours among older adults: A STROBE-compliant analysis of modifiability by gender and age. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0293482. [PMID: 37883465 PMCID: PMC10602243 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0293482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research shows that frailty is associated with higher sedentary behaviour, but the evidence to date regarding this association is inconclusive. This study assessed whether the above association is moderated or modified by gender and age, with sedentary behaviour measured with a more inclusive method. METHODS This study adopted a STROBE-compliant cross-sectional design with sensitivity analyses and measures against common methods bias. The participants were community-dwelling older adults (mean age = 66 years) in two Ghanaian towns. A self-reported questionnaire was used to collect data from 1005 participants after the minimum sample size necessary was calculated. The hierarchical linear regression analysis was used to analyse the data. RESULTS After adjusting for the ultimate confounders, frailty was associated with higher sedentary behaviour (β = 0.14; t = 2.93; p <0.05) as well as partial and absolute sedentary behaviour. Gender modified the above associations in the sense that frailty was more strongly associated with sedentary behaviour among women, compared with men. Age also modified the association between frailty and sedentary behaviour, which suggests that frailty was more strongly associated with higher sedentary behaviour at a higher age. CONCLUSION Sedentary behaviour could be higher at higher frailty among older adults. Frailty is more strongly associated with sedentary behaviour at a higher age and among women, compared with men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nestor Asiamah
- Division of Interdisciplinary Research and Practice, School of Health and Social Care, University of Essex, Colchester, United Kingdom
- Department of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Africa Centre for Epidemiology, Accra, Ghana
| | - Hafiz T. A. Khan
- College of Nursing, Midwifery, and Healthcare, University of West London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Cosmos Yarfi
- Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana
| | - Simon Mawulorm Agyemang
- Department of Science/Health, Physical Education and Sports, Abetifi College of Education, Abetifi, Ghana
| | | | - Faith Muhonja
- Department of Community Health, Amref International University, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Sarra Sghaier
- Department of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Africa Centre for Epidemiology, Accra, Ghana
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Asiamah N, Agyemang SM, Vieira ER, Khan HTA, Gasana J. Sedentary behaviour among older adults residing in flat and hilly neighbourhoods and its association with frailty and chronic disease status. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:2083. [PMID: 37875861 PMCID: PMC10599026 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-17029-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Living in hilly neighbourhoods can be associated with sedentary behaviour, but no study has compared sedentary behaviour and its associations with frailty, chronic diseases, and poor health between flat and hilly neighbourhoods among older adults. This study, therefore, compared older adults' sedentary behaviour and its association with frailty, poor health, and chronic disease status between low and hilly neighbourhoods. METHODS This study utilised a STROBE-compliant cross-sectional design with sensitivity analyses and a common methods bias assessment. The participants were 1,209 people aged 50+ years who resided in flat (Ablekuma North, n = 704) and hilly (Kwahu East, n = 505) neighbourhoods in Ghana. The data were analysed with the independent samples t-test and hierarchical linear regression. RESULTS Older adults in the hilly neighbourhood were more sedentary than those in the flat neighbourhood. The association between sedentary behaviour and chronic disease status was significant in both neighbourhoods, but this relationship was stronger in the hilly neighbourhood. Older adults in the flat neighbourhood reported lower sedentary behaviour at higher frailty (β = -0.18; t = -3.2, p < 0.001), but those in the hilly neighbourhood reported higher sedentary behaviour at higher frailty (β = 0.16; t = 3.54, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Older adults living in the hilly neighbourhood reported higher sedentary behaviour. In the hilly neighbourhood, sedentary behaviour was more strongly associated with frailty and chronic disease status. Older adults in hilly neighbourhoods may need extra support to avoid sedentary behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nestor Asiamah
- School of Health and Social Care, Division of Interdisciplinary Research and Practice, University of Essex, Colchester, Essex, CO4 3SQ, UK.
| | - Simon Mawulorm Agyemang
- Department of Science/Health, Physical Education and Sports, Abetifi Presbyterian College of Education, P.O. Box 19, Abetifi - Kwahu, E/R, Ghana
| | - Edgar Ramos Vieira
- Department of Physical Therapy, Nicole Wertheim College of Nursing & Health Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Hafiz T A Khan
- College of Nursing, Midwifery, and Healthcare, University of West London, Paragon House, Boston Manor Road, Brentford, TW8 9GB, UK
| | - Janvier Gasana
- Department of Community Health, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
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Verma V, Nath DC, Khan HTA. Evaluation of concordance in estimation of excess mortality due to COVID-19 pandemic. J Eval Clin Pract 2023; 29:1008-1015. [PMID: 37202908 DOI: 10.1111/jep.13866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The World Health Organization (WHO) kept track of COVID-19 data at country level daily during the pandemic that included the number of tests, infected cases and fatalities. This daily record was susceptible to change depending on the time and place and impacted by underreporting. In addition to reporting cases of excess COVID-19-related deaths, the WHO also provided estimates of excess mortality based on mathematical models. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the WHO reported and model-based estimate of excess deaths to determine the degree of agreement and universality. METHODOLOGY Epidemiological data gathered from nine different countries between April 2020 and December 2021 are used in this study. These countries are India, Indonesia, Italy, Russia, United Kingdom, Mexico, the United States, Brazil and Peru and each of them recorded more than 1.5 million deaths from COVID-19 during these months. Statistical tools including correlation, linear regression, intraclass correlation and Bland-Altman plots are used to assess the degree of agreement between reported and model-based estimates of excess deaths. RESULTS The WHO-derived mathematical model for estimating excess deaths due to COVID-19 was found to be appropriate for only four of the nine chosen countries, namely Italy, United Kingdom, the United States and Brazil. The other countries showed proportional biases and significantly high regression coefficients. CONCLUSION The study revealed that, for some of the chosen nations, the mathematical model proposed by the WHO is practical and capable of estimating the number of excess deaths brought on by COVID-19. However, the derived approach cannot be applied globally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Verma
- Department of Statistics, Assam University, Silchar, Assam, India
| | - Dilip C Nath
- Department of Mathematics, School of Applied and Pure Sciences, Royal Global University, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Hafiz T A Khan
- Department of Public Health and Statistics, Public Health Group, College of Nursing, Midwifery and Healthcare, University of West London, Brentford, UK
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Bengesai AV, Khan HTA. Exploring the association between attitudes towards wife beating and intimate partner violence using a dyadic approach in three sub-Saharan African countries. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e062977. [PMID: 37316321 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-062977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study examines the association between attitudes towards wife beating and intimate partner violence (IPV) using a dyadic approach in three sub-Saharan countries. SETTING We use data from the most recent Demographic and Health Survey cross-sectional studies which were conducted between 2015 and 2018 in Malawi, Zambia and Zimbabwe PARTICIPANTS: Our sample comprised 9183 couples who also had completed the information on the domestic violence questions and our variables of interest. RESULTS Our results indicate that women in these three countries are generally comparatively more inclined to justify marital violence than their husbands or partners. In terms of IPV experience, we found that when both partners endorsed wife beating, the risk of experiencing IPV was twice as likely after controlling for other couple-level and individual factors (OR=1.91, 95% CI 1.54-2.50, emotional violence; OR=2.42, 95% CI 1.96-3.00, physical violence; OR=1.97, 95% CI 1.47-2.61, sexual violence). The risk of IPV was also higher when the women alone endorsed IPV (OR=1.59, 95% CI 1.35-1.86, emotional violence; OR=1.85, 95% CI 1.59-2.15, physical violence; OR=1.83, 95% CI 1.51-2.22, sexual violence) than when the men alone were tolerant (OR=1.41, 95% CI 1.13-1.75, physical violence; OR=1.43, 95% CI 1.08-1.90, sexual violence). CONCLUSIONS Our findings confirm that attitudes towards violence are perhaps one of the key indicators of IPV prevalence. Therefore, to break the cycle of violence in the three countries, more attention must be paid to attitudes towards the acceptability of marital violence. Programmes tailored to gender role transformation and promote non-violent gender attitudes are also needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annah V Bengesai
- College of Law and Management Studies, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Hafiz T A Khan
- Public Health Group, College of Nursing, Midwifery and Healthcare, University of West London, London, UK
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Abdulla F, Hossain MM, Huq MN, Hai A, Rahman A, Kabir R, Peya FJ, Islam S, Khan HTA. Prevalence, determinants and consequences of problematic smartphone use among preschoolers (3-5 years) from Dhaka, Bangladesh: A cross-sectional investigation. J Affect Disord 2023; 329:413-427. [PMID: 36858268 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.02.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
The problematic smartphone use (PSU) has been becoming a challenging health issue for preschoolers aged 3-5 years as it has severe adverse effect on their psychological, physical, and cognitive development. The scarcity of scientific research on this issue in the context of Bangladesh motivated the authors for conducting this cross-sectional study to explore the prevalence of PSU with its influential factors and adverse effects on preschooler's psychological and physical development based on primary data collected from 400 mothers. The multivariable ordinal logistic regression (OLR) was used to compute the adjusted likelihoods. The estimated prevalence of PSU was approximately 86 %, where about 29 % were severely problematic user. The likelihood of preschoolers' PSU was observed to increase with >1 h/day usage of smartphone by children (Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR): 3.92). Other important factors were parental smartphone use, education, profession, family income, and mother's age. Both of moderate and severe PSU had adverse effect on preschoolers' health- severe PSU was found to increase the likelihood of psychological and physical problems by 6.03 and 3.29 times, respectively. The preschoolers with PSU reported to suffer from many physical and mental health problems such as attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), emotional instability, aggressiveness, depression, lack of control, impaired vision and hearing, obesity, body imbalance, and lack of brain development. It is now prime time to undertake strategic policies considering the findings for limiting the preschoolers' usage of smartphone, which will make Bangladesh susceptible to protect its future generation from harmful effects of PSU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faruq Abdulla
- Department of Applied Health and Nutrition, RTM Al-Kabir Technical University, Sylhet 3100, Bangladesh.
| | - Md Moyazzem Hossain
- Department of Statistics, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh; School of Mathematics, Statistics & Physics, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
| | - Mohammed Nazmul Huq
- Department of Statistics, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh.
| | - Abdul Hai
- Department of Software Engineering, Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Azizur Rahman
- School of Computing, Mathematics and Engineering, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga NSW-2678, Australia.
| | - Russell Kabir
- Department for Allied and Public Health, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Anglia Ruskin University, Bishop Hall Lane, Chelmsford, Essex CM1 1SQ, UK.
| | - Farhana Jahan Peya
- Research, Training and Management (RTM) International, Mirpur, Dhaka 1216, Bangladesh.
| | - Sinigdha Islam
- Department of Political Science and Sociology, Faculty of Public Administration Concentration in Public and Community Health, Murray State University, Murray, KY, USA.
| | - Hafiz T A Khan
- Public Health & Statistics, College of Nursing, Midwifery and Healthcare, University of West London, Brentford, UK.
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Kouchaki L, Darvishpoor Kakhki A, Safavi Bayat Z, Khan HTA. Association between fear of falling and self-care behaviours of older people with hypertension. Nurs Open 2023; 10:3954-3961. [PMID: 36824048 PMCID: PMC10170935 DOI: 10.1002/nop2.1654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM This study investigated the association between fear of falling and self-care behaviours of older people with hypertension. DESIGN A cross-sectional study. METHODS This study was conducted in 2019 on 301 older people with hypertension above the age of 60 years in Tehran, Iran. Data were collected using a demographic questionnaire, the Persian Falls Efficacy Scale-International, and a hypertension-related self-care behaviour questionnaire. RESULTS Analyses revealed that gender, educational level and history of falling were significant factors associated with fear of falling; and marital status, educational level and income source were significant factors associated with self-care behaviours (p < 0.05). Partial correlations controlling for education revealed a significant positive correlation showing that high fear of falling is associated with worse health promotion self-care behaviours and significant inverse correlations with psycho-emotional, social and daily self-care behaviours (p < 0.05), meaning that high fear of falling is associated with better self-care for these dimensions. PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION This study involved patients in order to evaluate the validity and reliability of the questionnaires. The study was conducted on older people with hypertension referred to hypertension clinics in hospitals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Kouchaki
- Student Research Committee, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Darvishpoor Kakhki
- Department of Medical-Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Safavi Bayat
- Department of Medical-Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hafiz T A Khan
- College of Nursing, Midwifery and Healthcare, University of West London, London, UK
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Asiamah N, Bateman A, Hjorth P, Khan HTA, Danquah E. Socially active neighborhoods: construct operationalization for aging in place, health promotion and psychometric testing. Health Promot Int 2023; 38:7043185. [PMID: 36795097 PMCID: PMC9933838 DOI: 10.1093/heapro/daac191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
From the year 2003 when the first walkability scale was published to date, person-environment fit models and empirical research, some of which was published in Health Promotion International, have encapsulated healthy communities in 'neighborhood walkability'. While there is no doubt that neighborhood walkability positively influences health-seeking behaviors and health, recent models suggest that their measurement and conceptualization have not emphasized the role played by psychosocial and personal factors in aging in place. Thus, the development of scales measuring human ecosystem factors has not recognized all critical factors suited for older adults. In this paper, we aim to draw on relevant literature to frame a more holistic construct, hereby referred to as Socially Active Neighborhoods (SAN), that would better support aging in place in older populations. Through a narrative review based on a systematic search of the literature, we define the scope of SAN and delineate some contextual implications for gerontology, health promotion and psychometric testing. SAN, unlike neighborhood walkability in its current measurement and conceptualization, incorporates critical theory-informed psychosocial factors (i.e. safety and disability friendliness of neighborhood infrastructure) that can encourage older adults with physiological and cognitive limitations to maintain physical and social activities as well as health in later life. The SAN is the result of our adaptation of key person-environment models, including the Context Dynamics in Aging (CODA) framework, that recognizes the role of context in healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrew Bateman
- Division of Interdisciplinary Research and Practice, School of Health and Social Care, University of Essex, Essex, Colchester CO4 3SQ, UK
| | - Peter Hjorth
- Institute of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark
| | - Hafiz T A Khan
- College of Nursing, Midwifery and Healthcare, University of West London, Brentford TW8 9GB, UK
| | - Emelia Danquah
- Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Africa Centre for Epidemiology, Accra, Ghana,Logistics and Supply Chain Management, School of Business, Koforidua Technical University, Koforidua, Ghana
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Asiamah N, Agyemang SM, Yarfi C, Jnr RAM, Muhonja F, Khan HTA, Kouveliotis K, Sghaier S. Associations of Social Networks with Physical Activity Enjoyment among Older Adults: Walkability as a Modifier through a STROBE-Compliant Analysis. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2023; 20:3341. [PMID: 36834040 PMCID: PMC9967423 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20043341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The available evidence suggests that social networks can contribute to physical activity (PA) enjoyment, which is necessary for the maintenance of PA over the life course. This study assessed the associations of active and sedentary social networks with PA enjoyment and ascertained whether walkability moderates or modifies these associations. A cross-sectional design compliant with STROBE (Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology) was employed. The participants were 996 community-dwelling older Ghanaians aged 50 years or older. A hierarchical linear regression analysis was used to analyse the data. After adjusting for age and income, the study found that the active social network size (β = 0.09; p < 0.05) and sedentary social network size (β = 0.17; p < 0.001) were positively associated with PA enjoyment. These associations were strengthened by walkability. It is concluded that active and sedentary social networks may better support PA enjoyment in more walkable neighbourhoods. Therefore, enabling older adults to retain social networks and live in more walkable neighbourhoods may be an effective way to improve their PA enjoyment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nestor Asiamah
- Division of Interdisciplinary Research and Practice, School of Health and Social Care, Colchester CO4 3SQ, UK
- Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Africa Centre for Epidemiology, Accra North P.O. Box AN 18462, Ghana
| | - Simon Mawulorm Agyemang
- Department of Science/Health, Physical Education and Sports, Abetifi Presbyterian College of Education, Abetifi-Kwahu P.O. Box 19, Ghana
| | - Cosmos Yarfi
- Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho PMB 31, Ghana
| | - Reginald Arthur-Mensah Jnr
- Department of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Health and Allied Sciences, Pentecost University, Accra P.O. Box KN 1739, Ghana
| | - Faith Muhonja
- Department of Community Health, School of Public Health, Amref International University, Nairobi P.O. Box 27691-00506, Kenya
| | - Hafiz T. A. Khan
- College of Nursing, Midwifery, and Healthcare, University of West London, Paragon House, Boston Manor Road, Brentford TW8 9GB, UK
| | - Kyriakos Kouveliotis
- Berlin School of Business and Innovation, Academic Affairs, 97-99 Karl Marx Strasse, 12043 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sarra Sghaier
- Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Africa Centre for Epidemiology, Accra North P.O. Box AN 18462, Ghana
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Forward C, Khan HTA, Fox P. The experience of living alone as an older woman in the UK during the Covid pandemic: an interpretative phenomenological analysis. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:244. [PMID: 36739409 PMCID: PMC9898705 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-14988-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES More people are living alone across the life course: in later life this can have implications for practical and psychosocial support. The Covid pandemic emphasised the importance of this when the UK government restricted movement outside of households to limit the spread of disease. This had important ramifications regarding social contact and practical support. The objectives of this study were to explore the experience of older women living alone during this time, with a focus on health and wellbeing. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS This study used an Interpretative Phenomenological approach. Semi-structured interviews were undertaken with seven women (aged 65 +), living alone in the UK. Interviews were carried out between May and October 2020. Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis was used to analyse the transcripts. RESULTS Findings show that life course events shaped how living alone was experienced in later life. Convergences and divergences in lived experience were identified. Three superordinate themes emerged from the Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis: Productivity, Ownership, and Interconnectedness. DISCUSSION AND IMPLICATIONS Findings highlight the importance of life course events in shaping the experience of later life. They also provide a better understanding of the lived experience of living alone as an older woman, increasing knowledge of this group and how living alone can affect health and wellbeing. Implications for research and practice are discussed, such as the importance of recognising the specific support needs for this group in later life, and the need for further knowledge about groups whose needs are not met by standard practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cat Forward
- The College of Nursing, Midwifery and Healthcare, University of West London, London, TW8 9GA, UK. .,Present address: NIHR Health and Social Care Work Research Unit, The Policy Institute, King's College London, Virginia Woolf Building, 22 Kingsway, Strand, London, WC2B 6NR, UK.
| | - Hafiz T. A. Khan
- grid.81800.310000 0001 2185 7124Public Health Group, College of Nursing, Midwifery and Healthcare, University of West London, London, TW8 9GA UK
| | - Pauline Fox
- grid.81800.310000 0001 2185 7124The Graduate Centre, University of West London, London, W5 5RF UK
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Asiamah N, Awuviry-Newton K, Vieira ER, Bateman A, Khan HTA, Mensah HK, Villalobos Dintrans P, Danquah E. Older Adults' Vigorous Occupational Physical Activity Levels in Six Countries Are Explained by Country and 'Having Multiple Jobs'. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:14065. [PMID: 36360952 PMCID: PMC9658628 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192114065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Several studies have compared physical activity (PA) levels between countries, but none of these studies focused on older adults and occupational PA. This study aimed to assess potential inequalities in older adults' occupational PA across six countries and to ascertain whether having multiple jobs is a factor that interacts with country of residence to modify inequalities. This study adopted a cross-sectional design with a statistical technique screening for potential covariates. Older adults (mean age = 64 years; range = 50-114 years) from six countries (Russia, Mexico, China, India, Ghana, and South Africa) participated in the study. We utilised data from the first wave of the Study on Global AGEing and Adult Health (SAGE). These data were collected from 2007 to 2010. A random sample of 34,114 older adults completed the survey. We analysed the data with a two-way multivariate analysis of variance after screening for the ultimate covariates. There were differences in occupational PA levels (i.e., vigorous and moderate PA) among the six countries. Occupational PA levels were not significantly associated with having multiple jobs. However, having multiple jobs interacted with country of residence to influence vigorous occupational PA. Older adults from most countries who had more than one job reported more vigorous occupational PA. Older adults' occupational PA differed among the six countries, and having multiple jobs was associated with more vigorous occupational PA. Older adults who keep multiple jobs at a time may be more active than their counterparts who had one job or were unemployed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nestor Asiamah
- Division of Interdisciplinary Research and Practice, School of Health and Social Care, University of Essex, Essex, Colchester CO4 3SQ, UK
- Africa Centre for Epidemiology, Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Accra P.O. Box AN 18462, Ghana
| | - Kofi Awuviry-Newton
- African Health and Ageing Research Centre (AHaARC), Department of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Winneba, Ghana
| | - Edgar R. Vieira
- Department of Physical Therapy, Nicole Wertheim College of Nursing & Health Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Andrew Bateman
- Division of Interdisciplinary Research and Practice, School of Health and Social Care, University of Essex, Essex, Colchester CO4 3SQ, UK
| | - Hafiz T. A. Khan
- College of Nursing, Midwifery, and Healthcare, University of West London, Paragon House, Boston Manor Road, Brentford TW8 9GB, UK
| | - Henry Kofi Mensah
- Department of Human Resources and Organizational Development, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, PMB KNUST, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Pablo Villalobos Dintrans
- African Health and Ageing Research Centre (AHaARC), Department of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Winneba, Ghana
- Programa Centro Salud Pública, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad de Santiago, Santiago 8990000, Chile
- Millennium Institute for Care Research (MICARE), Santiago, Chile
| | - Emelia Danquah
- Africa Centre for Epidemiology, Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Accra P.O. Box AN 18462, Ghana
- Research Directorate, Koforidua Technical University, Koforidua P.O. Box KF 981, Ghana
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Saberi N, Darvishpoor Kakhki A, Ilkhani M, Khan HTA. Falls in older ambulatory care patients with cancer in Iran: Implications for clinical practice. J Eval Clin Pract 2022; 28:624-630. [PMID: 34854180 DOI: 10.1111/jep.13639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE/AIM Falls can have severe consequences particularly for older patients with cancer undergoing ambulatory care. The aim of the study is to identify the predictors of falls in older patients receiving cancer ambulatory care and evaluate the accuracy of the final multivariable model in detecting older patients with falls. METHOD A retrospective study was conducted on 300 older patients aged 60 years and above that were referred for ambulatory care in three oncology clinics based at hospitals in Tehran, Iran. Participants completed a questionnaire comprising demographic, history of falls, and cancer-related factors. Logistic regression was used to determine risk factors associated with falls. RESULTS A total of 35.3% of the older patients with cancer had experienced a fall in the 6 months following the start of their ambulatory care. The most important predictors of falls include the fourth stage of cancer (odds ratio [OR]: 6.47, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.20-13.08, p < 0.001), fear of falling (OR: 5.64, 95% CI: 2.58-12.33, p < 0.001), use of hearing (OR: 2.38, 95% CI: 1.07-5.29, p = 0.033) and visual aids (OR: 2.36, 95% CI: 1.12-5.01, p = 0.025), and the number of visits to the doctor (OR: 1.10, 95% CI: 1.01-1.21, p = 0.035). CONCLUSIONS The results indicate that a reduction in falls is possible by introducing strategies to improve care for older patients in the advanced stage of cancer, eliminating the causes of fear of falling, examining and improving vision and hearing, and identifying and addressing the underlying causes of visits to the doctor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najmeh Saberi
- Student Research Committee, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Darvishpoor Kakhki
- Department of Medical and Surgical Nursing, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahnaz Ilkhani
- Department of Medical and Surgical Nursing, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hafiz T A Khan
- Public Health Group, College of Nursing, Midwifery and Healthcare, University of West London, London, UK
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Ahmed A, Khan HTA, Lawal M. Effective Hospital Care Delivery Model for Older People in Nigeria with Multimorbidity: Recommendations for Practice. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10071268. [PMID: 35885794 PMCID: PMC9323993 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10071268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The importance of developing an effective action-based model of care for multimorbid patients has become common knowledge, but it remains unclear why researchers in Nigeria have not paid attention to the issue. Hence, this study assessed the quality of health services using the Donabedian model and aimed to recommend an effective hospital care delivery model for older people in Nigeria with multimorbidity. A cross-sectional study using face-to-face data was conducted between October 2021 and February 2022. The reported data were collated, checked, coded, and entered into JISC online survey software and then exported to IBM Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 27 for analysis, sourced from the University of West London, London, United Kingdom. The data were collected from the outpatient department of four high-volume public secondary hospitals in Niger State (the largest hospital in the three senatorial zones and that of the state capital). Systematic random sampling was used to select 734 patients with two or more chronic diseases (multimorbidity) aged 60 years and above who presented for routine ambulatory outpatient and consented to participate in the study. A Service Availability and Readiness Assessment (SARA) tool was used to assess the structure, and the process quality was assessed by the patients’ experiences as they navigated the care pathway, whereas the outcome was measured using the patients’ overall satisfaction. Using Spearman’s correlation, no statistically significant association was observed between satisfaction level with the healthcare that was received and the five domains of health facility readiness (Total score Basic Amenities, Total score Basic Equipment, Total score infection control, Total score diagnostic capacity, Total score essential drugs), and the general facility readiness. Finally, the process component superseded the structure as the determinant of the quality of healthcare among multimorbid patients in Niger State. The emphasis of the process should be on improving access to quality of care, improving patient–physician relationships and timing, reducing the financial burden of medical care, and building confidence and trust in medical care. Therefore, these factors should be incorporated into designing the healthcare model for multimorbid patients in Nigeria.
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Amusa LB, Bengesai AV, Khan HTA. Predicting the Vulnerability of Women to Intimate Partner Violence in South Africa: Evidence from Tree-based Machine Learning Techniques. J Interpers Violence 2022; 37:NP5228-NP5245. [PMID: 32975474 DOI: 10.1177/0886260520960110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a pervasive social challenge with severe health and demographic consequences. Global statistics indicate that more than a third of women have experienced IPV at some point in their lives. In South Africa, IPV is considered a significant contributor to the country's broader problem with violence and a leading cause of femicide. Consequently, IPV has been the major focus of legislation and research across different disciplines. The present article aims to contribute to the growing scholarly literature by predicting factors that are associated with the risk of experiencing IPV. We used the 2016 South African Demographic and Health Survey dataset and restricted our analysis to 1,816 ever-married women who had complete information on the variables that were used to generate IPV. Prior research has mainly used regression analysis to identify correlates of IPV; however, while regression analysis can test a priori specified effects, it cannot capture unspecified inter-relationship across factors. To address this limitation, we opted for machine learning methods, which identify hidden and complex patterns and relationships in the data. Our results indicate that the fear of the husband is the most critical factor in determining the experience of IPV. In other words, the risk of IPV in South Africa is associated more with the husband or partner's characteristics than the woman's. The models developed in this study can be used to develop interventions by different stakeholders such as social workers, policymakers, and or other interested partners.
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Asiamah N, Lowry R, Khan HTA, Awuviry-Newton K. Associations between social support provided and walkability among older adults: Health self-consciousness as a moderator. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2022; 101:104691. [PMID: 35339805 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2022.104691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The social support provided or given to others play a key role in healthy ageing. Empirical and anecdotal evidence suggests that walkable neighbourhoods can positively influence social support given. Higher health self-consciousness may strengthen the positive association between walkability and social support provided. AIM This study investigated whether the association between walkability and social support provided is moderated by health self-consciousness. METHODS A cross-sectional design with sensitivity analysis and recommended procedures against common methods bias was employed. The study's population was community-dwelling older adults living in Accra, Ghana. Data from 923 participants were analysed using the hierarchical linear regression analysis. FINDINGS The study found a positive association between walkability and social support provided after adjusting for the ultimate confounding variables. Health self-consciousness positively moderated the association between walkability and social support provided. CONCLUSION The study concludes that social support provided in older adults may be higher in more walkable neighbourhoods. Health self-consciousness can enhance the contribution of walkability to social support provided. Our results reinforce the importance of campaigns aimed at improving walkability of neighbourhoods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nestor Asiamah
- Division of Interdisciplinary Research and Practice, School of Health and Social Care, University of Essex, Colchester CO4 3SQ, United Kingdom; Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Africa Centre for Epidemiology, P. O. Box AN 16284, Accra North, Accra Ghana.
| | - Ruth Lowry
- School of Sport, Rehabilitation and Exercise Sciences, University of Essex, Essex, Colchester CO4 3SQ, United Kingdom.
| | - Hafiz T A Khan
- College of Nursing, Midwiferyand Healthcare, University of West London, Paragon House, Boston Manor Road, Brentford TW8 9GB, United Kingdom.
| | - Kofi Awuviry-Newton
- Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, African Health and Ageing Research Centre (AHaARC), Winneba, Central Region, Ghana.
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Ma J, Yang H, Hu W, Khan HTA. Spousal Care Intensity, Socioeconomic Status, and Depression among the Older Caregivers in China: A Study on 2011–2018 CHARLS Panel Data. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10020239. [PMID: 35206854 PMCID: PMC8872002 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10020239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Using the stress process model and data from the 2011–2018 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), this study examined the effect of spousal caregiving intensity on the depression level of older caregivers in China. The moderating role that socioeconomic status plays in the relationship between spouses was explored by constructing multilevel growth models (MGMs). The care intensity for a spouse was found to relate to significantly increased depression levels in older caregivers, while the degree of disability of the spouse being cared for (B = 0.200, p < 0.001) having a greater effect on depression than the duration of care (B = 0.007, p < 0.01). There was a threshold effect where the provision of more than 10 h of care per week for a spouse (B = 0.931, p < 0.001; B = 0.970; p < 0.01) or caring for a disabled spouse with limited ADLs (B = 0.709, p < 0.01; B = 1.326; p < 0.001; B = 1.469, p < 0.01) increased depression in older caregivers. There were moderating influences, including higher professional prestige before retirement (B = −0.006, p < 0.05) and higher annual family income (B = −0.037, p < 0.10), that increased depression related to the spouse’s degree of disability. It was considered that active familism measures should be formulated for older spousal caregivers, especially those with lower socioeconomic status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Ma
- Center for Social Security Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China;
| | - Hongyan Yang
- Center for Social Security Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China;
- Correspondence:
| | - Wenxiu Hu
- Center for Population and Development Policy Studies, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China;
- Postdoctoral Research Workstation, China Everbright Group, Beijing 100033, China
| | - Hafiz T. A. Khan
- Public Health Group, College of Nursing, Midwifery and Healthcare, University of West London, Brentford, London TW8 9GB, UK;
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a global public health concern, with women in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) bearing a disproportionately high burden. This study investigates the prevalence and factors correlated with attitudes regarding wife-beating among Bangladeshi women in urban-rural contexts. METHODS A sample of 13,033 urban women and 51,344 rural women data from the Bangladesh Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS) 2019 were analyzed using the Chi-square test and ordinal logistic regression model. RESULTS The findings reveal that arguing with her husband is the widespread reason for wife-beating in Bangladesh (urban: 17.3%, rural: 21.9%), followed by neglecting the children (urban: 12.7%, rural: 15.8%). About 8% of urban women and 10% of rural women favoured the opinion that refusing to involve sexual intercourse is a legitimate justification for wife-beating. In comparison, around 5% feel that a husband has a right to beat his wife due to burning food. The respondents' age, education, marital status, number of children, socioeconomic level, any health or physical difficulty, having problems becoming pregnant, and the husband's age are all significant factors in justifying wife-beating. CONCLUSIONS Bangladesh has a massive challenge in eliminating IPV. Women from lower socioeconomic classes, low levels of education, other challenges, and residents of rural areas are particularly more vulnerable than their urban counterparts. Therefore, it is vital to develop a proper action plan that considers women's education and occupation to raise awareness of the various implications of wife-beating in women, particularly in Bangladesh's rural areas.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Faruq Abdulla
- Department of Applied Health and Nutrition, RTM Al-Kabir Technical University, Sylhet, Bangladesh
| | - Azizur Rahman
- School of Computing, Mathematics and Engineering, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678 Australia
| | - Hafiz T. A. Khan
- Public Health & Statistics, College of Nursing, Midwifery and Healthcare, University of West London, Brentford, UK
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18
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Chowdhury MRK, Khan HTA, Rashid M, Mondal MNI, Bornee FA, Billah B. Prevalence and correlates of severe under-5 child anthropometric failure measured by the composite index of severe anthropometric failure in Bangladesh. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:978568. [PMID: 36186640 PMCID: PMC9516305 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.978568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although Bangladesh has made noticeable progress in reducing the prevalence of stunting, wasting, and being underweight among under-5 children, it has not been very successful in reducing overall severe anthropometric failure (SAF) among them. Therefore, the study aims to identify the prevalence and risk factors of SAF measured by the Composite Index of Severe Anthropometric Failure (CISAF) among under-5 children in Bangladesh. METHODS Data was drawn from a cross-sectional Bangladesh Demographic Health Survey (BDHS) conducted in 2017-2018. A bivariate analysis (Chi-square test) and logistic regression analysis were used to estimate the unadjusted, and age and sex-adjusted prevalence of SAF. Odds ratio (OR) and confidence interval (CI) were assessed using logistic regression analysis to identify the various risk factor of SAF. RESULTS The overall adjusted prevalence of under-5 child SAF was 11.3% (95% CI: 10.6-12.0) and it was highly prevalent among children of uneducated mothers (adjusted, 22%, 95% CI: 17.3-26.8). The key factors associated with SAF were children in the age group 24-35 months (OR: 2.43, 95% CI: 1.83-3.23), children born with low birth weight (OR: 3.14, 95% CI: 2.24-4.97), children of underweight mothers (OR: 1.82, 95% CI: 1.44-2.29), children of parents with no formal education (OR: 2.28, 95% CI: 1.56-3.31) and children from lower socio-economic status (OR: 2.25, 95% CI: 1.55-3.26). CONCLUSION Prioritizing and ensuring context-specific interventions addressing individual, community, public policy, and environment level risk factors from policy level to implementation to reduce structural and intermediary determinants of under-5 SAF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Rocky Khan Chowdhury
- Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Hafiz T A Khan
- Health Promotion and Public Health, College of Nursing, Midwifery and Healthcare, University of West London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mamunur Rashid
- Department of Public Health Science, Faculty of Occupational and Health Sciences, University of Gävle, Gävle, Sweden
| | - Md Nazrul Islam Mondal
- Population Science and Human Resource Development, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| | - Farzana Akhter Bornee
- Department of Pediatrics, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Baki Billah
- Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Chowdhury MRK, Khan HTA, Rashid M, Kabir R, Islam S, Shariful Islam M, Kader M. Differences in risk factors associated with single and multiple concurrent forms of undernutrition (stunting, wasting or underweight) among children under 5 in Bangladesh: a nationally representative cross-sectional study. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e052814. [PMID: 34903543 PMCID: PMC8672009 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-052814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The study aims to differentiate the risk factors of single and multiple concurrent forms of undernutrition among children under 5 in Bangladesh. DESIGN A nationally representative cross-sectional study. SETTING Bangladesh. RESPONDENTS Children age under 5 years of age. OUTCOME MEASURE This study considered two dichotomous outcomes: single form (children without single form and with single form) and multiple concurrent forms (children without multiple forms and with multiple forms) of undernutrition. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Adjusted OR (AOR) and CI of potential risk factors were calculated using logistic regression analysis. RESULTS Around 38.2% of children under 5 in Bangladesh are suffering from undernutrition. The prevalence of multiple concurrent forms and single form of child undernutrition was 19.3% and 18.9%, respectively. The key risk factors of multiple concurrent forms of undernutrition were children born with low birth weight (AOR 3.76, 95% CI 2.78 to 5.10); children in the age group 24-35 months (AOR 2.70, 95% CI 2.20 to 3.30) and in the lowest socioeconomic quintile (AOR 2.57, 95% CI 2.05 to 3.23). In contrast, those children in the age group 24-35 months (AOR 1.94, 95% CI 1.61 to 2.34), in the lowest socioeconomic quintile (AOR 1.79, 95% CI 1.45 to 2.21) and born with low birth weight (AOR 1.52, 95% CI 1.11 to 2.08) were significantly associated with a single form of undernutrition. Parental education, father's occupation, children's age and birth order were the differentiating risk factors for multiple concurrent forms and single form of undernutrition. CONCLUSION One-fifth of children under 5 years of age are suffering multiple concurrent forms of undernutrition, which is similar to the numbers suffering the single form. Parental education, father's occupation, children's age and birth order disproportionately affect the multiple concurrent forms and single form of undernutrition, which should be considered to formulate an evidence-based strategy for reducing undernutrition among these children.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hafiz T A Khan
- College of Nursing, Midwifery and Healthcare, University of West London, Brentford, London, UK
| | - Mamunur Rashid
- Department of Public Health and Sports Sciences, University of Gävle, Gavle, Gävleborg, Sweden
| | - Russell Kabir
- School of Allied Health, Faculty of Health, Education, Medicine, and Social Care, Anglia Ruskin University, Chelmsford, London, UK
| | - Sazin Islam
- Department of Public Health, First Capital University of Bangladesh, Chuadanga, Bangladesh
| | - Md Shariful Islam
- Department of Public Health, First Capital University of Bangladesh, Chuadanga, Bangladesh
| | - Manzur Kader
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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20
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Anik AI, Chowdhury MRK, Khan HTA, Mondal MNI, Perera NKP, Kader M. Urban-rural differences in the associated factors of severe under-5 child undernutrition based on the composite index of severe anthropometric failure (CISAF) in Bangladesh. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:2147. [PMID: 34814880 PMCID: PMC8611976 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-12038-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Severe undernutrition among under-5 children is usually assessed using single or conventional indicators (i.e., severe stunting, severe wasting, and/or severe underweight). But these conventional indicators partly overlap, thus not providing a comprehensive estimate of the proportion of malnourished children in the population. Incorporating all these conventional nutritional indicators, the Composite Index of Severe Anthropometric Failure (CSIAF) provides six different undernutrition measurements and estimates the overall burden of severe undernutrition with a more comprehensive view. This study applied the CISAF indicators to investigate the prevalence of severe under-5 child undernutrition in Bangladesh and its associated socioeconomic factors in the rural-urban context. Methods This study extracted the children dataset from the 2017–18 Bangladesh Demographic Health Survey (BDHS), and the data of 7661 children aged under-5 were used for further analyses. CISAF was used to define severe undernutrition by aggregating conventional nutritional indicators. Bivariate analysis was applied to examine the proportional differences of variables between non-severe undernutrition and severe undernutrition group. The potential associated socioeconomic factors for severe undernutrition were identified using the adjusted model of logistic regression analysis. Results The overall prevalence of severe undernutrition measured by CISAF among the children under-5 was 11.0% in Bangladesh (rural 11.5% vs urban 9.6%). The significant associated socioeconomic factors of severe undernutrition in rural areas were children born with small birth weight (AOR: 2.84), children from poorest households (AOR: 2.44), and children aged < 36 months, and children of uneducated mothers (AOR: 2.15). Similarly, in urban areas, factors like- children with small birth weight (AOR: 3.99), children of uneducated parents (AOR: 2.34), poorest households (APR: 2.40), underweight mothers (AOR: 1.58), mothers without postnatal care (AOR: 2.13), and children’s birth order ≥4 (AOR: 1.75), showed positive and significant association with severe under-5 undernutrition. Conclusion Severe undernutrition among the under-5 children dominates in Bangladesh, especially in rural areas and the poorest urban families. More research should be conducted using such composite indices (like- CISAF) to depict the comprehensive scenario of severe undernutrition among the under-5 children and to address multi-sectoral intervening programs for eradicating severe child undernutrition. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-021-12038-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asibul Islam Anik
- Department of Public Health and Informatics, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Shahbag, Dhaka, Bangladesh.,Department of Research and Evaluation, SAJIDA Foundation, Gulshan-1, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | - Hafiz T A Khan
- College of Nursing, Midwifery and Healthcare, University of West London, London, UK
| | - Md Nazrul Islam Mondal
- Department of Population Science and Human Resource Development, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| | - Nirmala K P Perera
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Unit of Physiotherapy, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences (HMV), Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Manzur Kader
- Unit of Occupational Medicine, Institute of Environmental Medicine
- Karolinska Institutet, Solnavägen 4, Torsplan floor 10, 113 65, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Jika BM, Khan HTA, Lawal M. Exploring experiences of family caregivers for older adults with chronic illness: A scoping review. Geriatr Nurs 2021; 42:1525-1532. [PMID: 34735999 DOI: 10.1016/j.gerinurse.2021.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A Scoping Review was conducted to explore key issues that underpin the experiences of family caregivers of older adults with chronic illness. The review aims to identify the gap in literature and synthesise evidence on this topic. Globally, family caregivers of older adults with chronic illness experience burden. Evidence suggests that family caregivers' needs are poorly understood and remain largely under recognised by healthcare services. Moreover, little is known about the experience of family caregivers caring for older adults with multiple chronic conditions. Data bases used included: (EBSCOhost, CINAHL, Science Direct, SCOPUS, MEDLINE, PubMed, ISI web of science and grey literature. 3352 records were identified, 58 full-text articles were assessed for eligibility, and 11 papers included in the literature review. Data are narratively synthesized. This review provides findings that suggest further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Member Jika
- University of West London, College of Nursing, Midwifery and Healthcare, Paragon House, Boston Manor Road, Brentford TW8 9GB, UK.
| | - Hafiz T A Khan
- University of West London, College of Nursing, Midwifery and Healthcare, Paragon House, Boston Manor Road, Brentford TW8 9GB, UK
| | - Muili Lawal
- University of West London, College of Nursing, Midwifery and Healthcare, Paragon House, Boston Manor Road, Brentford TW8 9GB, UK
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22
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Rahman FN, Bhuiyan MAA, Hossen K, Khan HTA, Rahman AKMF, Dalal K. Challenges in Preventive Practices and Risk Communication towards COVID-19: A Cross-Sectional Study in Bangladesh. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:9259. [PMID: 34501847 PMCID: PMC8430532 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18179259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Bangladesh recently experienced a COVID-19 second wave, resulting in the highest number of new cases and deaths in a single day. This study aims to identify the challenges for COVID-19 preventive practices and risk communications and associated factors among Bangladeshi adults. A cross-sectional survey was conducted between December 2020 and January 2021 involving 1382 Bangladeshi adults (aged ≥ 18-years) in randomly selected urban and rural areas from all eight divisions in Bangladesh. Descriptive data analysis was conducted to highlight the challenges for preventive practices and risk communications for COVID-19. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to determine the sociodemographic groups vulnerable to these challenges. Lack of availability of protective equipment (44.4%), crowded living situations/workspaces (36.8%), inadequate information on the proper use of protective measures (21.9%), inadequate handwashing and sanitation facilities (17.6%), and negative influences on family/friends (17.4%) were identified as barriers to COVID-19 preventive practices. It was also found that males (OR = 1.3, 95% CI = 1.01, 1.7), rural residents (OR = 1.5, 95% CI = 1.2, 2), respondents with a low level of education: no schooling vs. ≥higher secondary (OR = 3.5, 95% CI = 2.3, 5.2), primary vs. ≥higher secondary (OR = 2.5, 95% CI = 1.7, 3.8), respondents engaged in agricultural (OR = 1.7, 95% CI = 1.2, 2.4), laboring (OR = 3.2, 95% CI = 2, 5), and domestic works (OR = 1.6, 95% CI = 1.07, 2.5), and people with disabilities (OR = 1.7, 95% CI = 1.1, 2.6) were all likely to have difficulty in practicing effective COVID-19 protective behaviors. Respondents' education and occupation were significant predictors of inadequate understanding of COVID-19 risk communications and was identified as a problem among 17.4% of the respondents. A substantial percentage of Bangladeshi adults have difficulty practising COVID-19 protective behaviours and have poor comprehension of risk communications, particularly in rural areas and among those with low education. This research can aid policymakers in developing tailored COVID-19 risk communications and mitigation strategies to help prevent future waves of the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farah Naz Rahman
- Office of the Executive Director, Centre for Injury Prevention and Research Bangladesh (CIPRB), Dhaka 1206, Bangladesh; (F.N.R.); (M.A.A.B.); (K.H.); (A.F.R.)
| | - Md Al Amin Bhuiyan
- Office of the Executive Director, Centre for Injury Prevention and Research Bangladesh (CIPRB), Dhaka 1206, Bangladesh; (F.N.R.); (M.A.A.B.); (K.H.); (A.F.R.)
| | - Kabir Hossen
- Office of the Executive Director, Centre for Injury Prevention and Research Bangladesh (CIPRB), Dhaka 1206, Bangladesh; (F.N.R.); (M.A.A.B.); (K.H.); (A.F.R.)
| | - Hafiz T. A. Khan
- College of Nursing, Midwifery and Healthcare, University of West London, London W5 5RF, UK;
- National Public Health Advisory Committee on COVID-19 Management, Directorate General of Health Services (DGHS), Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh
| | - AKM Fazlur Rahman
- Office of the Executive Director, Centre for Injury Prevention and Research Bangladesh (CIPRB), Dhaka 1206, Bangladesh; (F.N.R.); (M.A.A.B.); (K.H.); (A.F.R.)
- National Public Health Advisory Committee on COVID-19 Management, Directorate General of Health Services (DGHS), Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Koustuv Dalal
- Division of Public Health Science, School of Health Sciences, Mid Sweden University, 851 70 Sundsvall, Sweden
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Forward C, Khan HTA, Fox P. Older Women Living Alone in the UK: Does Their Health and Wellbeing Differ from Those Who Cohabit? J Popul Ageing 2021; 16:103-119. [PMID: 34394768 PMCID: PMC8349464 DOI: 10.1007/s12062-021-09344-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
With an increased prevalence of people living alone in later life, understanding the health and wellbeing of older women living alone in the UK is an important area of research. Little is known about health and wellbeing in this population and whether they differ from those who cohabit. This paper fills this research gap. Analysis was undertaken of Wave 8 of the Understanding Society Household Panel Survey, including variables such as internet use and volunteering. Differences were found between those who live alone and cohabit. Volunteering was a predictor of better health outcomes for those who lived alone but not for those who cohabit, despite similar rates of volunteering. Internet use predicted some better health outcome for those who cohabit but poorer for those who live alone. This suggests lifestyle factors vary in how they affect the health and wellbeing of older women, depending on cohabitation status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Forward
- College of Nursing, Midwifery and Healthcare, University of West London, England, UK
| | - Hafiz T. A. Khan
- Public Health Group, College of Nursing, Midwifery and Healthcare, University of West London, England, UK
| | - Pauline Fox
- The Graduate Centre, University of West London, London, England UK
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Chowdhury MRK, Khan HTA, Mondal MNI. Differences in the socio-demographic determinants of undernutrition in children aged <5 years in urban and rural areas of Bangladesh measured by the Composite Index of Anthropometric Failure. Public Health 2021; 198:37-43. [PMID: 34352614 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2021.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study investigates the prevalence and determinants of undernutrition among children <5 years living in Bangladesh using the Composite Index of Anthropometric Failure (CIAF) and highlights the differences between urban and rural areas. STUDY DESIGN Data are drawn from three cross-sectional Bangladesh Demographic Health Surveys conducted from 2007 to 2014. METHODS A Chi-square test was used to assess the prevalence of <5 years child undernutrition. Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify various sociodemographic risk factors. RESULTS The prevalence of undernutrition based on the CIAF was 52% among children <5 years in Bangladesh. The prevalence of undernutrition in children living in urban areas and rural areas were found to be 45% and 54%, respectively. As per the CIAF, undernutrition was highly prevalent among children in the older age group, children of uneducated and currently working mothers, those of underweight mothers, children of fourth and above in the birth order, children of fathers who were manual labourers, children of households who had no access to television and those in the poorest households whether in urban or rural areas. Children in the older age group, children of uneducated mothers, those with underweight mothers and those from the poorest households provided common key risk factors for undernutrition in both urban and rural areas. Children of fourth and above birth order and not watching television at all were additional risk factors of child undernutrition in rural areas. CONCLUSION Half of the children in rural areas and two-fifths of them in urban areas are suffering undernutrition in Bangladesh, and several sociodemographic factors heighten the risks. Also, birth order and watching television were identified as the differential risk factors. This study therefore concludes that evidence-based interventions are needed to reduce the burden of undernutrition in children in the country.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R K Chowdhury
- Health Promotion and Public Health, College of Nursing, Midwifery and Healthcare, University of West London, London, UK; Department of Population Science and Human Resource Development, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh.
| | - H T A Khan
- Health Promotion and Public Health, College of Nursing, Midwifery and Healthcare, University of West London, London, UK
| | - M N I Mondal
- Department of Population Science and Human Resource Development, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
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Forward C, Khan HTA, Fox P, Usher L. The Health and Wellbeing of Older Women Living Alone in the UK: Is Living Alone a Risk Factor for Poorer Health? Ageing Int 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12126-021-09426-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Bengesai AV, Khan HTA. Female autonomy and intimate partner violence: findings from the Zimbabwe demographic and health survey, 2015. Cult Health Sex 2021; 23:927-944. [PMID: 32285753 DOI: 10.1080/13691058.2020.1743880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Intimate partner violence is a persistent social problem in Zimbabwe and has been linked to patriarchal attitudes that promote the superiority of men in marital relationships while denying women agency. Using 2015 Zimbabwe Demographic and Health Survey data, we examined the influence of female autonomy on intimate partner violence. Our analysis was restricted to 2847 women who were in some form of sexual union. Consistent with earlier studies, our results show that more than 40% of the women had experienced some form of intimate partner violence. The most prevalent form of intimate partner violence was emotional violence, followed by physical violence and sexual violence. Low levels of economic autonomy and supportive attitudes towards wife-beating increased the risk of intimate partner violence, while late marriage reduced the risk of all forms of intimate partner violence. Findings provide a basis for interventions that may increase economic control and improve decision making for women, although the association between economic violence and economic decision making requires further research that examines the possibility of reverse causality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annah Vimbai Bengesai
- Teaching and Learning Unit, College of Law and Management Studies, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Hafiz T A Khan
- The Graduate School, University of West London, London, UK
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Rahman FN, Khan HTA, Hossain MJ, Iwuagwu AO. Health and wellbeing of indigenous older adults living in the tea gardens of Bangladesh. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0247957. [PMID: 33662034 PMCID: PMC7932146 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0247957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are currently 1.5 million indigenous people in Bangladesh, constituting 1.8% of the total population and representing one of the country's most deprived communities. This study explores the health status and quality of life along with their determinants among indigenous older people in Bangladesh in order to fill the knowledge and evidence gap on this topic. METHODS A mixed-methods approach was deployed in October 2019 in the Sylhet division of Bangladesh which involved a cross-sectional survey among 400 indigenous older adults (200 males, 200 females) from 8 tea gardens using a pre-tested semi-structured questionnaire. Ten in-depth interviews were also conducted with providers of the tea garden health facilities. Descriptive analysis, multiple logistic and multi-nominal linear regression were performed to explore associated factors around health and quality of life. RESULTS Of the total respondents, the majority (79.5%) had chronic diseases, with visual difficulty being predominant (74%) among the conditions. Almost all (94%) of the respondents experienced delays in receiving treatment and poverty was identified by most (85%) as the primary cause of those delays. Extreme age, being male, living alone and low family income were significantly associated with suffering from chronic conditions. Furthermore, having a chronic condition and extreme age were found to be significantly associated with a low quality of life. Health service providers identified lack of logistical support in the health facilities, the economic crisis and lack of awareness as the major causes of poor health status and poor health seeking behaviour of the indigenous older adults. CONCLUSION Indigenous older men in extreme old age are more vulnerable to adverse health conditions and poor quality of life. Health literacy and health seeking behaviour is poor among indigenous older adults generally and there is a huge gap in the health services and social supports available to them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farah Naz Rahman
- Centre for Injury Prevention and Research Bangladesh (CIPRB), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Hafiz T. A. Khan
- Health Promotion & Public Health, College of Nursing, Midwifery and Healthcare, University of West London, London, United Kingdom
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Khan MA, Khan N, Rahman O, Mustagir G, Hossain K, Islam R, Khan HTA. Trends and projections of under-5 mortality in Bangladesh including the effects of maternal high-risk fertility behaviours and use of healthcare services. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0246210. [PMID: 33539476 PMCID: PMC7861360 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0246210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study examines trends and puts forward projections of under-5 mortality (U5M) in Bangladesh and identifies the effects of maternal high-risk fertility behaviours and use of healthcare services. METHODS Data from seven waves of the Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey (1994-2014) were analyzed for trends and projections of U5M and a Chi-square (χ2) test was used to identify if there was any association with maternal high-risk fertility behaviours and use of healthcare services. A multivariate logistic regression model was used to determine the effects of fertility behaviors and healthcare usage on the occurrence of U5M adjusting with confounders. RESULTS U5M declined from 82.5 to 41.0 per 1000 livebirths during 1994-2014 and is projected to further reduce to 17.6 per 1000 livebirths by 2030. The study identified a noticeable regional variation in U5M with maternal high-risk fertility behaviours including age at birth <18 years (aOR: 1.84, 95% CI: 1.23-2.76) and birth interval <24 months (aOR: 1.56, 95% CI: 1.02-2.37) found to be significant determinants. There was a 39-53% decline in this rate of mortality among women that had used antenatal care services at least four times (aOR, 0.51, 95% CI: 0.27-0.97), delivery care (aOR, 0.47, 95% CI: 0.24-0.95), and had received postnatal care (aOR, 0.61, 95% CI: 0.41-0.91) in their last birth. Cesarean section was found to be associated with a 51% reduction in U5M (aOR, 0.49, 95% CI: 0.29-0.82) compared to its non-use. CONCLUSION The Sustainable Development Goals require a U5M rate of 25 per 1000 livebirths to be achieved by 2030. This study suggests that with the current trend of reduction, Bangladesh will achieve this target before the deadline. This study also found that maternal high-risk fertility behaviours and non-use of maternal healthcare services are very prevalent in some regions of Bangladesh and have increased the occurrence of U5M in those areas. This suggests therefore, that policies and programmes designed to reduce the pregnancy rates of women that are at risk and to encourage an increase in the use of maternal healthcare services are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostaured Ali Khan
- Department of Population Science and Human Resource Development, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
- MEL and Research, Practical Action, Dhanmondi, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Nuruzzaman Khan
- School of Public Health and Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medicine, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Department of Population Sciences, Jatiya Kabi Kazi Nazrul Islam University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Obaidur Rahman
- Department of Global Health Nursing, Graduate School of Nursing Science, St. Luke’s International University, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Global Health Policy, School of International Health, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Golam Mustagir
- Department of Population Science and Human Resource Development, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| | - Kamal Hossain
- Department of Population Science and Human Resource Development, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| | - Rafiqul Islam
- Department of Population Science and Human Resource Development, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| | - Hafiz T. A. Khan
- Public Health & Statistics, College of Nursing, Midwifery and Healthcare, University of West London, Brentford, United Kingdom
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Verma BK, Verma M, Verma VK, Abdullah RB, Nath DC, Khan HTA, Verma A, Vishwakarma RK, Verma V. Global lockdown: An effective safeguard in responding to the threat of COVID-19. J Eval Clin Pract 2020; 26:1592-1598. [PMID: 32970386 PMCID: PMC7719340 DOI: 10.1111/jep.13483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE, AIMS, AND OBJECTIVES The recent outbreak of coronavirus (COVID-19) has infected around 1 560 000 individuals till 10 April 2020, which has resulted in 95 000 deaths globally. While no vaccine or anti-viral drugs for COVID-19 are available, lockdown acts as a protective public health measures to reduce human interaction and lower transmission. The study aims to explore the impact of delayed planning or lack of planning for the lockdown and inadequate implementation of the lockdown, on the transmission rate of COVID-19. METHOD Epidemiological data on the incidence and mortality of COVID-19 cases as reported by public health authorities were accessed from six countries based on total number of infected cases, namely, United States and Italy (more than 100 000 cases); United Kingdom, and France (50 000-100 000 cases), and India and Russia (6000-10 000 cases). The Bayesian inferential technique was used to observe the changes (three points) in pattern of number of cases on different duration of exposure (in days) in these selected countries 1 month after World Health Organization (WHO) declaration about COVID-19 as a global pandemic. RESULTS On comparing the pattern of transmission rates observed in these six countries at posterior estimated change points, it is found that partial implementation of lockdown (in the United States), delayed planning in lockdown (Russia, United Kingdom, and France), and inadequate implementation of the lockdown (in India and Italy) were responsible to the spread of infections. CONCLUSIONS In order to control the spreading of COVID-19, like other national and international laws, lockdown must be implemented and enforced. It is suggested that on-time or adequate implementation of lockdown is a step towards social distancing and to control the spread of this pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mamta Verma
- Department of LawKazi Nazrul UniversityWest BengalIndia
| | | | | | | | - Hafiz T. A. Khan
- College of Nursing, Midwifery and HealthcareUniversity of West LondonBrentfordUK
| | - Anita Verma
- Departments of NeurologyAll India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS)New DelhiIndia
| | - Ramesh K. Vishwakarma
- Department of BiostatisticsKing Abdullah International Medical Research CenterRiyadhSaudi Arabia
- King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health SciencesRiyadhSaudi Arabia
- Ministry of the National Guard ‐ Health AffairsRiyadhSaudi Arabia
| | - Vivek Verma
- Departments of NeurologyAll India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS)New DelhiIndia
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Hossain MZ, Khan HTA. Barriers to access and ways to improve dementia services for a minority ethnic group in England. J Eval Clin Pract 2020; 26:1629-1637. [PMID: 32022982 DOI: 10.1111/jep.13361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE, AIMS, AND OBJECTIVES There is a general lack of awareness and understanding of dementia within ethnic minority groups in the United Kingdom. There is also a dearth of research involving ethnic minority caregivers about reducing barriers to accessing services and optimizing engagements with religiously tailored interventions. This paper reports findings from a qualitative study that examined the barriers to health care service use in the Bangladeshi community living in the United Kingdom. METHODS The research draws on findings from a doctoral level research study on understanding dementia among the Bangladeshi community in England. The data for the doctoral research were gathered in two ways: (a) focus group discussions and (b) semi-structured interviews. All data were audio-recorded and analysed using thematic analysis. NVivo software was used to aid transcribing, coding, and interpretation of emergent themes. RESULTS The data showed that there were some barriers experienced by participants due to their religious and cultural beliefs and practices with other barriers related to the complexity of the UK health care system. Gender-based caregiving also appeared to interfere with religious ideologies while religiously appropriate health care services were deemed of great importance for successfully accessing those services. CONCLUSIONS The findings provide an understanding of the experiences of the Bangladeshi community when seeking to access mainstream UK health care services and may help to provide useful directions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Z Hossain
- Primary Care Centre Versus Arthritis, School of Primary, Community and Social Care, Keele University, Keele, UK
| | - Hafiz T A Khan
- College of Nursing, Midwifery and Healthcare, The Graduate School, University of West London, London, UK
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Biswas RK, Huq S, Afiaz A, Khan HTA. A systematic assessment on COVID-19 preparedness and transition strategy in Bangladesh. J Eval Clin Pract 2020; 26:1599-1611. [PMID: 32820856 PMCID: PMC7461018 DOI: 10.1111/jep.13467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE, AIMS, AND OBJECTIVES The COVID-19 pandemic of 2020 has overpowered the most advanced health systems worldwide with thousands of daily deaths. The current study conducted a situation analysis on the pandemic preparedness of Bangladesh and provided recommendations on the transition to the new reality and gradual restoration of normalcy. METHOD A complex adaptive system (CAS) framework was theorized based on four structural dimensions obtained from the crisis and complexity theory to help evaluate the health system of Bangladesh. Data sourced from published reports from the government, non-governmental organizations, and mainstream media up to June 15, 2020 were used to conduct a qualitative analysis and visualize the spatial distribution of countrywide COVID-19 cases. RESULTS The findings suggested that Bangladesh severely lacked the preparedness to tackle the spread of COVID-19 with both short- and long-term implications for health, the economy, and good governance. Absence of planning and coordination, disproportionate resource allocations, challenged infrastructure, adherence to bureaucratic delay, lack of synchronized risk communication, failing leadership of concerned authorities, and incoherent decision-making have led to a precarious situation that will have dire ramifications causing many uncertainties in the coming days. CONCLUSIONS Implementation of response protocols addressing the needs of the community and the stakeholders from the central level is urgently needed. The development of mechanisms for dynamic decision-making based on regular feedback and long-term planning for a smooth transition between the new reality and normalcy should also be urgently addressed in Bangladesh.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raaj Kishore Biswas
- Transport and Road Safety (TARS) Research Centre, School of Aviation, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Samin Huq
- Child Health Research Foundation, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Awan Afiaz
- Institute of Statistical Research and Training, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Hafiz T A Khan
- College of Nursing, Midwifery and Healthcare, University of West London, London, United Kingdom
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Khan HTA, Rahman MA, Molla MH, Shahjahan M, Abdullah RB. Humanitarian Emergencies of Rohingya Older People in Bangladesh: A Qualitative Study on Hopes and Reality. Ageing Int 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s12126-020-09400-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Chowdhury MRK, Khan MMH, Khan HTA, Rahman MS, Islam MR, Islam MM, Billah B. Prevalence and risk factors of childhood anemia in Nepal: A multilevel analysis. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0239409. [PMID: 33021981 PMCID: PMC7537867 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0239409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Anemia is a common problem in children particularly in developing countries and taking steps to tackle it is one of the major public health challenges for Nepal. The objective of this study is to investigate the prevalence of individual, household and community level determinants of childhood anemia in Nepal. METHODS Data was taken from a nationally representative sample of 1,942 Nepalese children aged from 6-59 months. The Chi-square test was used to determine the bivariate relationship between the selected variables and childhood anemia and a multilevel logistic regression model with a random intercept at household and community level was used to identify important determinants of this kind of anemia. RESULTS The results showed that 52.6% (95% CI: 49.8%-55.4%) of the children were anemic while 26.6% (95% CI: 24.0%-29.3%) of them were moderate to severe. The prevalence of overall anemia was higher among children aged less than 11 months as well as in underweight children, children of underweight, anemic and uneducated mothers and those in the terrain ecological regions. Multivariable analysis showed that children aged less than 11 months, who were underweight and had anemic mothers were more likely to have moderate or severe anemia. Children in the hilly ecological region were less likely to have it compared to mountain and terrain ecological regions. Children in middle-class families and children of mothers who completed secondary education were more likely to have anemia. CONCLUSION Nepal is facing a serious public health problem due to the high prevalence of childhood anemia. This adverse situation occurs due to socio-demographic and geographical factors such as age, malnutrition status, mother's anemia status, socio-economic status and regional variations. Prevention of childhood anemia should be given top priority in Nepal and should be considered as a major public health intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hafiz T. A. Khan
- College of Nursing, Midwifery and Healthcare, University of West London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Md. Shafiur Rahman
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Md Rashedul Islam
- Department of Global Health Policy, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Md Moinul Islam
- School of Business, Middlesex University, London, United Kingdom
| | - Baki Billah
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
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Abstract
In the United Kingdom (UK), women are more likely to live alone in later life. Social factors such as household composition have been shown to affect health and wellbeing as we age. The health and well-being of older women who live alone are of interest to researchers, care providers, health organizations, and policymakers. This article contributes to the literature by detailing a scoping review, establishing the current evidence in this field. The purpose and context of the review are given. The methodology and resulting data are described. Gaps in the literature and implications for practice and research are given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cat Forward
- The Graduate School, University of West London, London, UK
| | - H T A Khan
- The Graduate School, University of West London, London, UK
| | - P Fox
- The Graduate School, University of West London, London, UK
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Verma V, Vishwakarma RK, Nath DC, Khan HTA, Prakash R, Abid O. Prevalence and determinants of caesarean section in South and South-East Asian women. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0229906. [PMID: 32163440 PMCID: PMC7067459 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0229906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Caesarean section is considered a relatively preferable and safe method of delivery as compared to normal delivery. Since the last decade, its prevalence has increased in both developed and developing countries. In the context of developing countries viz., South Asia (the highest populated region) and South-East Asia (the third-highest populated region), where a significant proportion of home deliveries were reported,however, the preference for, caesarean delivery and its associated factors are not well understood. OBJECTIVE To study the caesarean delivery in the South and South-East Asian countries and to determine the factors associated with the preference for caesarean delivery. METHODOLOGY Demographic and Health Survey Data on from ever-married women of nine developing countries of South and South-East Asia viz., Vietnam, India, Maldives, Timor-Leste, Nepal, Indonesia, Pakistan, Bangladesh, and Cambodia have been considered. Both bivariate and binary logistic regression models were used to estimate the propensity of a woman undergoing for caesarean delivery and to assess the influence of maternal socioeconomic characteristics towards the preference for caesarean delivery. RESULTS Obtained results have shown an inclination of caesarean delivery among urban than rural women and are quite conspicuous, but is found to be underestimated mostly among rural women. Caesarean delivery in general is mostly predisposed among women whose baby sizes are either very large or smaller than average, have a higher level of education and place of delivery is private medical institutions. The logistic regression also revealed the influence of maternal socioeconomic characteristics towards the preference for caesarean delivery. Based on nine South and South-East Asian countries an overall C-section prevalence of 13%, but based on institutional births its increase to 19%. The forest plot demonstrated that a significant inclination of C-section among urban than rural regions. In Meta-Analysis, very high and significant heterogeneity among countries is observed, but confirms that in terms of prevalence of C-section all of the countries follow independent pattern. CONCLUSION Study of seven urban and four rural regions of nine South and South- East Asian countries showed, a significant inclination towards the caesarean delivery above the more recent outdated WHO recommended an optimal range of 10-15%and are associated maternal socioeconomic characteristics. In order to control unwanted caesarean delivery, the government needs to develop better healthcare infrastructure and along with more antenatal care related schemes to reduce the risks associated with increased caesarean delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Verma
- Departments of Neurology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Ramesh K. Vishwakarma
- Department of Biostatistics, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Ministry of the National Guard—Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Hafiz T. A. Khan
- The Graduate School, University of West London, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Ram Prakash
- Department of Quality Assurance Unit, Eurofins Therapeutics Limited, Bangalore, India
| | - Omer Abid
- King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Ministry of the National Guard—Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Population Health Research, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Abstract
It has long been recognized that health and its determinants are strongly
influenced by policies, programs, and projects outside of the health care
sector. Few countries have introduced health impact assessments (HIA) to try and
ensure that probable impacts on health are considered. An appropriate health
impact assessment regime will identify negative and positive impacts of proposed
health policies and programs on health, enable the interpretation of health risk
and potential health gain, and present the information to assist in decision
making. These HIAs are often generic and rapid desk–based appraisals
characterized by the use of information and evidence that is already available
or easily accessible and generally undertaken by administrators in an
organization to gain a snapshot of the health impacts to inform proposal
direction. Rapid and generic desk–based assessments require less-intensive
effort and resources and draws on existing data sources from scientific
peer-reviewed and gray literature to analyze potential health impacts. However,
both sources can also be used to determining whether a more detailed review is
necessary. The Community HIA model proposed by this work departs from the
generic and rapid desk–based appraisals and is intended to provide practical
evidence to give higher priority to people’s viewpoints, promote participation,
understanding and incorporate community voices to help shape future policy,
programs, and practice. A comprehensive review of Ghana’s National Health
Insurance Scheme (NHIS) was carried out using the generic desk–based HIA
approach. This was followed by a practical qualitative community field work. In
this research, we have demonstrated how community HIA is to be conducted through
an actual case study in the Ghanaian West African context. The scope of this
work is wide and incorporates the consideration of key concepts and possible
methods for carrying out HIA at the community level.
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Hassan MS, Hossain MK, Khan HTA. Prevalence and predictors of tobacco smoking among university students in Sylhet Division, Bangladesh. Int Health 2019; 11:306-313. [PMID: 30517660 DOI: 10.1093/inthealth/ihy091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Revised: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Among university students, large numbers are involved with smoking and suffer from many chronic diseases. This study examined tobacco smoking prevalence and potential predictors among university students in Sylhet Division, Bangladesh. METHODS A total of 416 students were selected for face-to-face interviews. Logistic regression analysis was used to fulfil the specific objectives of the study. RESULTS It was discovered that the prevalence of smoking among university students in Sylhet Division was 37% and almost half of current male students were smokers. Mother's occupation and peer smoking status were found to be significant factors. Although data were collected using multistage sampling, the stages (type of university, universities, departments and academic levels) were insignificant with smoking status. There is a 2.1 times greater likelihood of a student becoming a smoker if a close friend is a smoker. The adjusted living expenses (>$100) was a proactive factor, though individually it was a significant factor. CONCLUSIONS This study and previous studies found that smoking initiation among female students is negligible, so gender-specific health promotion and intervention is needed in Bangladesh. Tobacco control awareness programs and 'No smoking' signage should be displayed within university campuses and sanctioned by university authorities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Shaikh Hassan
- Center of Excellence for Health Systems & Universal Health Coverage, BRAC James P. Grant School of Public Health, BRAC University, 5th Floor (Level 6), ICDDR,B Building, 68 Shahid Tajuddin Ahmed Sharani, Mohakhali, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md Kamrul Hossain
- Department of General Educational Development, Faculty of Science and Information Technology, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Hafiz T A Khan
- Graduate School University of West London, St Mary's Road, London, UK
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Hossain MZ, Khan HTA. Dementia in the Bangladeshi diaspora in England: A qualitative study of the myths and stigmas about dementia. J Eval Clin Pract 2019; 25:769-778. [PMID: 30811845 DOI: 10.1111/jep.13117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE, AIMS AND OBJECTIVES Although Bangladeshis are three times more likely to be carers than White British, Bangladeshi family carers are the most deprived, neglected, and effectively a hidden group in the United Kingdom.1 There is a paucity of research within the Bangladeshi community that is capable of explaining and predicting the experiences and concerns of Bangladeshi family carers providing care for their relatives with dementia. The purpose of this study is to explore the perspectives of Bangladeshi family carers' knowledge and day-to-day experiences living in England. METHODS This is a qualitative study involving semistructured face-to-face interviews with six Bangladeshi family carers living in London and Portsmouth. Interviews were recorded with the consent and transcribed verbatim. Data were managed by using NVivo software, and thematic analysis was performed. RESULTS This paper explores that most carers have a lack of knowledge and awareness of the symptoms of dementia. The results of this study are in contrast to previous studies, where South Asian carers perceived dementia as being possessed by evil spirits or God's punishment for previous life's sins; this study reveals that Bangladeshi family carers believed dementia was a medical condition. Unlike earlier South Asian studies, however, all family carers in this study also believed that there was no stigma attached to dementia. CONCLUSIONS Further research is warranted to investigate the religious beliefs, familism, and interpersonal motives as theoretical perspectives to explain how Bangladeshi family carers negotiate and construct their caregiving roles for their relatives with dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hafiz T A Khan
- College of Nursing, Midwifery and Healthcare, University of West London, London, UK
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Abstract
RATIONALE, AIMS, AND OBJECTIVES This article aims to examine global population ageing and to evaluate the likely risks and dilemmas of demographic ageing within the context of the health and well-being of individuals. METHODS This paper is based on the author's research in the field of social gerontology, demography, and public health. In addition, a literature review has been carried out focused on the objectives of the research. RESULTS The study has identified potential risks and dilemmas that the older people may face in the globalized world. There are four main aspects that contribute to an unequal distribution of risks in later life: (a) burden of disease in epidemiological transition, (b) financial security in retirement, (c) familial resources for older peoples' care, and (d) availability of workforce for older peoples' care. Whilst population ageing is a global trend, its impact is not equal across the world, and this is highlighted in this research. There are some important dilemmas which are identified in this paper that may also fuel the potential risks and challenges facing ageing societies. CONCLUSIONS It is apparent that older people will face numerous risks in later life and those in developing countries are likely to face more challenges than those in developed countries. The findings may be useful to policymakers for formulating future plans and policy implementation. Further research is required to identify the number of health care workers needed to tackle the challenges of an ageing societies across the globe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hafiz T A Khan
- Public Health and Statistics, The Graduate School, University of West London, London, UK.,The Oxford Institute of Population Ageing, The University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Hossain MK, Ferdushi KF, Khan HTA. Self-Assessed Health Status among Ethnic Elderly of Tea Garden Workers in Bangladesh. Ageing Int 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s12126-019-09354-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Haque MI, Chowdhury ABMA, Hassan MS, Khan HTA, Harun MGD. Prevailing familial, social and cultural obstacles in keeping tobacco-free homes in urban areas of Bangladesh: A mixed-method study. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0220777. [PMID: 31404115 PMCID: PMC6690649 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0220777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Millions of children and others across the world are being dangerously exposed to tobacco smoke and toxins in their own homes. Whilst there is limited interest in laws and interventions controlling tobacco use in public places in Bangladesh, no attention has been given to preventing tobacco-use inside homes. This study explores the familial and socio-cultural factors that provide obstacles for ensuring tobacco-free homes in Bangladesh. MATERIALS AND METHODS A mixed-method design was adopted and from among the 1,436 tobacco users identified in a population of 11,853, 400 (tobacco users) were selected for cross-sectional survey. This survey involved a probability proportional sampling procedure, and 24 In-Depth Interviews. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to explore the association of familial and socio-cultural factors with tobacco-use at home adjusted by other demographic characteristics. Thematic content analysis was done on the qualitative data, and then inferences were drawn out collectively. RESULTS This study revealed that the prevalence of tobacco-use in the home was 25.7% in urban residential areas in Bangladesh. Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified that familial and socio-cultural factors were significantly associated with tobacco-use at home: marital status (OR 3.23, 95% CI: 1.37-6.61), education (OR 2.14, 95% CI: 1.15-3.99), smoking habits of older family members (OR 1.81 95% CI: 0.91-2.89), tobacco being offered as hospitality and for entertainment (OR 1.85, 95% CI: .94-2.95) and lack of religiosity practice (OR 2.39, 95% CI: 1.27-4.54). Qualitative findings indicated that social customs, lack of religious practice, tobacco-use of older family members, and lack of family guidance were key obstacles for enabling tobacco-free homes in urban areas. CONCLUSION Use of tobacco at home is continuing as part of established familial and socio-cultural traditions. If tobacco-use at home is not addressed seriously by the authorities then the emerging threat of second-hand smoke exposure and harmful consequences of tobacco- use will be exacerbated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Imdadul Haque
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhanmondi, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- * E-mail:
| | - ABM Alauddin Chowdhury
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhanmondi, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Muhammad Shaikh Hassan
- Center of Excellence for Health Systems and Universal Health Coverage, BRAC James P Grant School of Public Health, BRAC University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Hafiz T. A. Khan
- The Graduate School, University of West London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Md. Golam Dostogir Harun
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhanmondi, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Biswas RK, Kabir E, Khan HTA. Socioeconomic transition and its influence on body mass index (BMI) pattern in Bangladesh. J Eval Clin Pract 2019; 25:130-141. [PMID: 30178477 DOI: 10.1111/jep.13028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE, AIMS, AND OBJECTIVES Bangladesh is an underdeveloped country that has recently joined the ranks of low-middle-income countries. This study aims to investigate how socioeconomic and developmental factors have influenced women towards a shift in their body mass index (BMI). METHODS The trend was analysed using data on ever-married women from 6 nationwide surveys covering the years 1996 to 2014, conducted by the Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey (BDHS). To assess the relationship between the socioeconomic factors and BMI, binary regression models were fitted for 6 surveys and forest plots were applied to display the results. RESULTS Factors such as age, education, residence, economic status, and contraceptive use were found to have had an increasing influence on BMI over the years that were being analysed. Age and education for women were potential factors influencing BMI. Growing urbanization and economic inequality were found to have been substantial over time, and marital status and contraceptive use were influential whilst the employment status of women held no consequence. CONCLUSIONS Rapid urbanization allied with growing wealth inequality and dietary alteration seems to have forced a change in the capacity of women in Bangladesh to control their weight. Additional information is still needed on such factors as the amount of time that women are inactive and sitting down, for example, as well as their daily calorie intake in order to assemble all the pieces for addressing necessary health policy changes in Bangladesh. These factors will also help to indicate a shift of focus from rural malnutrition to urban obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raaj Kishore Biswas
- Transport and Road Safety Research, University of New South Wales, Old Main Building (K15)-Floor 1, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Enamul Kabir
- School of Agricultural, Computational and Environmental Sciences, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Australia
| | - Hafiz T A Khan
- The Graduate School, University of West London, London, UK
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Shahjahan M, Harun MGD, Chowdhury ABMA, Ahmed K, Khan HTA. Factors Influencing the Initiation of Smokeless Tobacco Consumption Among Low Socioeconomic Community in Bangladesh: A Qualitative Investigation. Int Q Community Health Educ 2017; 37:181-187. [PMID: 28994647 DOI: 10.1177/0272684x17736244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study explored factors influencing the initiation of smokeless tobacco (SLT) consumption in a low socioeconomic urban community in Bangladesh. The study conducted four focus group discussions among 33 informants involves school teachers, community leaders, women, and betel-nut shops owners. The results were prepared by thematic analysis of the transcripts where informants mean age was 30 ( SD ± 6.8) years with varying level of education. Tradition of hospitality, curiosity, offer from an elderly person, and avoiding nausea during pregnancy and at time of quitting smoking were key factors for the initiation of SLT consumption. The results also revealed most people were aware about the danger of SLT consumption but, in practice, consumed frequently. The research suggested that doctors might advise people not to use any form of SLT while they seeking health services. Furthermore, community-based awareness program could minimize the wider use of SLT among low-income community in Bangladesh.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Shahjahan
- 1 Department of Public Health, 130058 Daffodil International University , Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | | | - Kapil Ahmed
- 2 Bow Business Center, Agroni Research, London, UK
| | - Hafiz T A Khan
- 3 Department of Criminology and Sociology, 4907 Middlesex University , London, UK
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Abstract
Population ageing is a phenomenon affecting the whole world. The countries that make up the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) are no exception but transitions in population ageing are still in the early stages of the process. With current demographic dividends experienced by the GCC and the rest of the Middle-East, the pace of population ageing will be faster than that experienced by many European countries. The purpose of this paper is to explore the population ageing experience of different GCC countries while situating this within a context of social policies that still at the very early stages of acknowledging such change. We utilise data from sources such as the United Nations and the World Bank, complemented by policy analysis of current age-related social security measures in the GCC. Given the importance of the family aged care system in the region, we consider the implications of changes in family structures, living conditions, and care needs for the elderly. The findings confirm the declining trend in fertility combined with increased life expectancy in all the six GCC countries. However, they highlight that social policy measures focused on the older generations and their care needs are still relatively at the early stages of each country's policy agenda. The implications of such changes are serious in term of both the demand for and supply of care. Policy-makers need to adapt cohesive social policy strategies that strengthen the complementing relationships between the state, family and wider community as stakeholders in the provision of aged care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hafiz T A Khan
- The Graduate School, University of West London, London, W5 5RF UK
| | | | - John Deane
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health, Education and Life Sciences, Birmingham City University, Birmingham, B15 3TN UK
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Islam MS, Tareque MI, Mondal MNI, Fazle Rabbi AM, Khan HTA, Begum S. Urban-rural differences in disability-free life expectancy in Bangladesh using the 2010 HIES data. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0179987. [PMID: 28742101 PMCID: PMC5524410 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Research on health expectancy has been carried out in Bangladesh but none of it has examined the differences in Disability-Free Life Expectancy (DFLE) between urban and rural setting in context of rapid urbanization of Bangladesh in past decades. Objectives The present study aims to estimate DFLE for people of all ages living in urban and rural areas in Bangladesh, and to examine the differences in DFLE between these two areas. Methods Data from the Sample Vital Registration System 2010 and the Bangladesh Household Income and Expenditure Survey (HIES) 2010 were used in this study. The Sullivan method was applied to estimate DFLE in Bangladesh. Results Higher rates of mortality and disability were observed in rural areas compared to urban areas with few exceptions. Statistically significant differences in DFLE were revealed from birth to age 15 years for both sexes between urban and rural areas. Urban males had a longer life expectancy (LE), longer DFLE and shorter LE with disability both in number and proportion when compared to rural males. Rural females at age 20+ years had a longer LE than urban females but urban females had a longer DFLE and a shorter LE with disability in both number and proportion at all ages than did rural females. Conclusion This study demonstrates that there were clear inequalities in LE, DFLE and LE with disability between rural and urban areas of Bangladesh along with age-specific differences as well. These findings may serve as useful and benchmark for intervention and policy implications for reducing the gap in health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Shariful Islam
- Department of Population Science and Human Resource Development, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Ismail Tareque
- Department of Population Science and Human Resource Development, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
- * E-mail:
| | - Md. Nazrul Islam Mondal
- Department of Population Science and Human Resource Development, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| | | | - Hafiz T. A. Khan
- Graduate School, The University of West London, St Mary’s Road, Ealing, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sharifa Begum
- Population Studies Division, Bangladesh Institute of Development Studies (BIDS), Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Mann R, Khan HTA, Leeson GW. Variations in Grandchildren's Perceptions of their Grandfathers and Grandmothers: Dynamics of Age and Gender. Journal of Intergenerational Relationships 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/15350770.2013.839326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Abstract
The aging population is recognized by many as a unique global phenomenon and has become a subject of interest among multidisciplinary professionals. Perhaps one of the most common key concerns among individuals and family members in many countries today is to meet the increasing demand for elderly healthcare, particularly the real challenges and crisis in old age morbidity and health. As the socioeconomic, demographic and cultural context of populations varies from one setting to another, the intergenerational support as well as responsibility for the cost of care also varies across the globe. In particular, issues related to elderly healthcare financing and its support are growing steadily and are becoming dominant topics in social gerontology. The aim of this study is to examine the effects of age, gender and employment on the perceptions of people with regard to their own care costs in later life. The data for the study come from the global aging study (GLAS), popularly known as “The Future of Retirement.” The initial field surveys were completed in two successive years—2004 and 2005—and involved interviewing around 22,329 individuals aged 18 years and over across 20 countries and territories covering four major regions of the world. A cross-sectional survey design was employed in which respondents were selected randomly. Each respondent was asked a number of questions on their socioeconomic and demographic situation; their retirement and pension plans; health, wellbeing and quality of life, and voluntary contributions and inter-generational support. Among others two questions were asked directly about the responsibility of the financial cost of care in retirement and these were: “who should bear” as well as “who will bear” most of the financial costs of care in retirement. These questions were then further explored to see how the responses varied with respect to the age, gender and employment status of the respondents. It has been found that age, gender and employment status play significant roles in determining people's perceptions towards bearing the cost of care in retirement or old age. There is a significant gap between the respondents' perceptions of who “should” and “will” bear the cost of care. The article concludes with a brief discussion on policy implications.
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Hossain A, Khan HTA. Mixtures density estimation in lifetime data analysis: an application of nonparametric Bayesian estimation technique. Journal of Statistics and Management Systems 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/09720510.2010.10701490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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