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Taghizadeh Ghassab F, Shamlou Mahmoudi F, Taheri Tinjani R, Emami Meibodi A, Zali MR, Yadegar A. Probiotics and the microbiota-gut-brain axis in neurodegeneration: Beneficial effects and mechanistic insights. Life Sci 2024; 350:122748. [PMID: 38843992 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) are a group of heterogeneous disorders with a high socioeconomic burden. Although pharmacotherapy is currently the principal therapeutic approach for the management of NDs, mounting evidence supports the notion that the protracted application of available drugs would abate their dopaminergic outcomes in the long run. The therapeutic application of microbiome-based modalities has received escalating attention in biomedical works. In-depth investigations of the bidirectional communication between the microbiome in the gut and the brain offer a multitude of targets for the treatment of NDs or maximizing the patient's quality of life. Probiotic administration is a well-known microbial-oriented approach to modulate the gut microbiota and potentially influence the process of neurodegeneration. Of note, there is a strong need for further investigation to map out the mechanistic prospects for the gut-brain axis and the clinical efficacy of probiotics. In this review, we discuss the importance of microbiome modulation and hemostasis via probiotics, prebiotics, postbiotics and synbiotics in ameliorating pathological neurodegenerative events. Also, we meticulously describe the underlying mechanism of action of probiotics and their metabolites on the gut-brain axis in different NDs. We suppose that the present work will provide a functional direction for the use of probiotic-based modalities in promoting current practical treatments for the management of neurodegenerative-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Taghizadeh Ghassab
- Foodborne and Waterborne Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Shamlou Mahmoudi
- Foodborne and Waterborne Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reyhaneh Taheri Tinjani
- Foodborne and Waterborne Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Armitasadat Emami Meibodi
- Foodborne and Waterborne Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Zali
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Yadegar
- Foodborne and Waterborne Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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2
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Mudaliar SB, Poojary SS, Bharath Prasad AS, Mazumder N. Probiotics and Paraprobiotics: Effects on Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis and Their Consequent Potential in Neuropsychiatric Therapy. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2024; 16:1440-1464. [PMID: 38294675 PMCID: PMC11322360 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-024-10214-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Neuropsychiatric disorders are clinical conditions that affect cognitive function and emotional stability, often resulting from damage or disease in the central nervous system (CNS). These disorders are a worldwide concern, impacting approximately 12.5% of the global population. The gut microbiota has been linked to neurological development and function, implicating its involvement in neuropsychiatric conditions. Due to their interaction with gut microbial communities, probiotics offer a natural alternative to traditional treatments such as therapeutic drugs and interventions for alleviating neuropsychiatric symptoms. Introduced by Metchnikoff in the early 1900s, probiotics are live microorganisms that provide various health benefits, including improved digestion, enhanced sleep quality, and reduced mental problems. However, concerns about their safety, particularly in immunocompromised patients, warrant further investigation; this has led to the concept of "paraprobiotics", inactivated forms of beneficial microorganisms that offer a safer alternative. This review begins by exploring different methods of inactivation, each targeting specific cellular components like DNA or proteins. The choice of inactivation method is crucial, as the health benefits may vary depending on the conditions employed for inactivation. The subsequent sections focus on the potential mechanisms of action and specific applications of probiotics and paraprobiotics in neuropsychiatric therapy. Probiotics and paraprobiotics interact with gut microbes, modulating the gut microbial composition and alleviating gut dysbiosis. The resulting neuropsychiatric benefits primarily stem from the gut-brain axis, a bidirectional communication channel involving various pathways discussed in the review. While further research is needed, probiotics and paraprobiotics are promising therapeutic agents for the management of neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samriti Balaji Mudaliar
- Department of Public Health & Genomics, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Sumith Sundara Poojary
- Department of Biophysics, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Alevoor Srinivas Bharath Prasad
- Department of Public Health & Genomics, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India.
| | - Nirmal Mazumder
- Department of Biophysics, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India.
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3
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Jyonouchi H. Autism spectrum disorder and a possible role of anti-inflammatory treatments: experience in the pediatric allergy/immunology clinic. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1333717. [PMID: 38979496 PMCID: PMC11228311 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1333717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD1) is a behaviorally defined syndrome encompassing a markedly heterogeneous patient population. Many ASD subjects fail to respond to the 1st line behavioral and pharmacological interventions, leaving parents to seek out other treatment options. Evidence supports that neuroinflammation plays a role in ASD pathogenesis. However, the underlying mechanisms likely vary for each ASD patient, influenced by genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors. Although anti-inflammatory treatment measures, mainly based on metabolic changes and oxidative stress, have provided promising results in some ASD subjects, the use of such measures requires the careful selection of ASD subjects based on clinical and laboratory findings. Recent progress in neuroscience and molecular immunology has made it possible to allow re-purposing of currently available anti-inflammatory medications, used for autoimmune and other chronic inflammatory conditions, as treatment options for ASD subjects. On the other hand, emerging anti-inflammatory medications, including biologic and gate-keeper blockers, exert powerful anti-inflammatory effects on specific mediators or signaling pathways. It will require both a keen understanding of the mechanisms of action of such agents and the careful selection of ASD patients suitable for each treatment. This review will attempt to summarize the use of anti-inflammatory agents already used in targeting ASD patients, and then emerging anti-inflammatory measures applicable for ASD subjects based on scientific rationale and clinical trial data, if available. In our experience, some ASD patients were treated under diagnoses of autoimmune/autoinflammatory conditions and/or post-infectious neuroinflammation. However, there are little clinical trial data specifically for ASD subjects. Therefore, these emerging immunomodulating agents for potential use for ASD subjects will be discussed based on preclinical data, case reports, or data generated in patients with other medical conditions. This review will hopefully highlight the expanding scope of immunomodulating agents for treating neuroinflammation in ASD subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harumi Jyonouchi
- Department of Pediatrics, Saint Peter's University Hospital, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Rutgers University-Robert Wood Johnson School of Medicine, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
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Zhang P, Zheng Z, Sun H, Gao T, Xiao X. A review of common influencing factors and possible mechanisms associated with allergic diseases complicating tic disorders in children. Front Pediatr 2024; 12:1360420. [PMID: 38957776 PMCID: PMC11218626 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2024.1360420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Over the past few decades, the incidence of childhood allergic diseases has increased globally, and their impact on the affected child extends beyond the allergy itself. There is evidence of an association between childhood allergic diseases and the development of neurological disorders. Several studies have shown a correlation between allergic diseases and tic disorders (TD), and allergic diseases may be an important risk factor for TD. Possible factors influencing the development of these disorders include neurotransmitter imbalance, maternal anxiety or depression, gut microbial disorders, sleep disturbances, maternal allergic status, exposure to tobacco, and environmental factors. Moreover, gut microbial disturbances, altered immunological profiles, and DNA methylation in patients with allergic diseases may be potential mechanisms contributing to the development of TD. An in-depth investigation of the relationship between allergic diseases and TD in children will be important for preventing and treating TD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panpan Zhang
- Department of Child Health, Dalian Municipal Women and Children’s Medical Center (Group), Dalian, Liaoning, China
- Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Zhimin Zheng
- Department of Child Health, Dalian Municipal Women and Children’s Medical Center (Group), Dalian, Liaoning, China
- Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Hao Sun
- Department of Child Health, Dalian Municipal Women and Children’s Medical Center (Group), Dalian, Liaoning, China
- Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Tieying Gao
- Department of Child Health, Dalian Municipal Women and Children’s Medical Center (Group), Dalian, Liaoning, China
- Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Xuwu Xiao
- Department of Child Health, Dalian Municipal Women and Children’s Medical Center (Group), Dalian, Liaoning, China
- Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
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5
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Zhvania MG, Lobzhanidze G, Pochkhidze N, Japaridze N, Tchelidze P, Rzayev F, Gasimov E. Propionic acid affects the synaptic architecture of rat hippocampus and prefrontal cortex. Micron 2024; 181:103624. [PMID: 38492241 DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2024.103624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
It is well documented that propionic acid (PPA) produces behavioral, morphological, molecular and immune responses in rats that are characteristic of autism spectrum disorder in humans. However, whether PPA affects the ultrastructure and synaptic architecture of regions of autistic brain has not been adequately addressed. Earlier we show that single intraperitoneal (IP) injection of PPA (175 mg/kg) produces superficial changes in the spatial memory and learning of adolescent male Wistar rats. However, in neurons, synapses and glial cells of hippocampal CA1 area and medial prefrontal cortex transient (mainly) or enduring alterations were detected. In this study, we used electron microscopic morphometric analysis to test the effect of PPA on different structural parameters of axodendritic synapses of the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex. The animals were treated with a single IP injection of PPA (175 mg/kg). The length and width of synaptic active zone, the area of presynaptic and postsynaptic mitochondria, the distance between presynaptic mitochondria and the synapse active zone, the distance between postsynaptic mitochondria and postsynaptic density and the depth and opening diameter of neuronal porosome complex were evaluated. Our results show that synaptic mitochondria of the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex are the most vulnerable to PPA treatment: in both regions, the area of postsynaptic mitochondria were increased. In general, our results show that even small dose of PPA, which produces only superficial effects on spatial memory and learning is able to alter the synapse architecture in brain regions involved in cognition and autism pathogenesis. Therefore, the microbiome may be involved in the control of neurotransmission in these regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mzia G Zhvania
- School of Natural Sciences and Medicine, Ilia State University, 3/5 K. Cholokashvili Avenue, Tbilisi 0162, Georgia; Department of Brain Ultrastructure and Nanoarchitecture, Ivane Beritashvili Center of Experimental Biomedicine, 14 Gotua Street, Tbilisi 0160, Georgia.
| | - Giorgi Lobzhanidze
- Department of Brain Ultrastructure and Nanoarchitecture, Ivane Beritashvili Center of Experimental Biomedicine, 14 Gotua Street, Tbilisi 0160, Georgia
| | - Nino Pochkhidze
- School of Natural Sciences and Medicine, Ilia State University, 3/5 K. Cholokashvili Avenue, Tbilisi 0162, Georgia; Department of Brain Ultrastructure and Nanoarchitecture, Ivane Beritashvili Center of Experimental Biomedicine, 14 Gotua Street, Tbilisi 0160, Georgia
| | - Nadezhda Japaridze
- Department of Brain Ultrastructure and Nanoarchitecture, Ivane Beritashvili Center of Experimental Biomedicine, 14 Gotua Street, Tbilisi 0160, Georgia; New Vision University, 1A Evgeni Mikeladze Street, Tbilisi 0159, Georgia
| | - Pavel Tchelidze
- New Vision University, 1A Evgeni Mikeladze Street, Tbilisi 0159, Georgia
| | - Fuad Rzayev
- Azerbaijan Medical University, 23 Bakikhanov Street, Baku 1022, Azerbaijan
| | - Eldar Gasimov
- Azerbaijan Medical University, 23 Bakikhanov Street, Baku 1022, Azerbaijan
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6
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Revankar NA, Negi PS. Biotics: An emerging food supplement for health improvement in the era of immune modulation. Nutr Clin Pract 2024; 39:311-329. [PMID: 37466413 DOI: 10.1002/ncp.11036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The involvement of the commensal microbiota in immune function is a multifold process. Biotics, such as probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, and paraprobiotics, have been subjected to animal and human trials demonstrating the association between gut microbes and immunity biomarkers leading to improvement in overall health. In recent years, studies on human microbiome interaction have established the multifarious role of biotics in maintaining overall health. The consumption of biotics has been extensively reported to help in maintaining microbial diversity, enhancing gut-associated mucosal immune homeostasis, and providing protection against a wide range of lifestyle disorders. However, the establishment of biotics as an alternative therapy for a range of health conditions is yet to be ascertained. Despite the fact that scientific literature has demonstrated the correlation between biotics and immune modulation, most in vivo and in vitro reports are inconclusive on the dosage required. This review provides valuable insights into the immunomodulatory effects of biotics consumption based on evidence obtained from animal models and clinical trials. Furthermore, we highlight the optimal dosages of biotics that have been reported to deliver maximum health benefits. By identifying critical research gaps, we have suggested a roadmap for future investigations to advance our understanding of the intricate crosstalk between biotics and immune homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neelam A Revankar
- Department of Fruit and Vegetables Technology, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Pradeep S Negi
- Department of Fruit and Vegetables Technology, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
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Rosell-Díaz M, Fernández-Real JM. Metformin, Cognitive Function, and Changes in the Gut Microbiome. Endocr Rev 2024; 45:210-226. [PMID: 37603460 PMCID: PMC10911951 DOI: 10.1210/endrev/bnad029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
The decline in cognitive function and the prevalence of neurodegenerative disorders are among the most serious threats to health in old age. The prevalence of dementia has reached 50 million people worldwide and has become a major public health problem. The causes of age-related cognitive impairment are multiple, complex, and difficult to determine. However, type 2 diabetes (T2D) is linked to an enhanced risk of cognitive impairment and dementia. Human studies have shown that patients with T2D exhibit dysbiosis of the gut microbiota. This dysbiosis may contribute to the development of insulin resistance and increased plasma lipopolysaccharide concentrations. Metformin medication mimics some of the benefits of calorie restriction and physical activity, such as greater insulin sensitivity and decreased cholesterol levels, and hence may also have a positive impact on aging in humans. According to recent human investigations, metformin might partially restore gut dysbiosis related to T2D. Likewise, some studies showed that metformin reduced the risk of dementia and improved cognition, although not all studies are concordant. Therefore, this review focused on those human studies describing the effects of metformin on the gut microbiome (specifically the changes in taxonomy, function, and circulating metabolomics), the changes in cognitive function, and their possible bidirectional implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisel Rosell-Díaz
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Dr. Josep Trueta University Hospital, 17007 Girona, Spain
- Nutrition, Eumetabolism and Health Group, Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IdibGi), 17007 Girona, Spain
- CIBERobn Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - José Manuel Fernández-Real
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Dr. Josep Trueta University Hospital, 17007 Girona, Spain
- Nutrition, Eumetabolism and Health Group, Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IdibGi), 17007 Girona, Spain
- CIBERobn Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Girona, 17004 Girona, Spain
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Lan Z, Tang X, Lu M, Hu Z, Tang Z. The role of short-chain fatty acids in central nervous system diseases: A bibliometric and visualized analysis with future directions. Heliyon 2024; 10:e26377. [PMID: 38434086 PMCID: PMC10906301 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are thought to play a key role in the microbe-gut-brain axis and involve in the pathogenesis of a variety of neurological diseases. This study aimed to identify research hotspots and evolution trends in SCFAs in central nervous diseases (CNS) and examine current research trends. Methods The bibliometric analysis was performed using CiteSpace, and the results were visualized via network maps. Results From 2002 to 2022, 480 publications in the database met the criteria. On the country level, China produced the highest number of publications, while the United States had the highest centrality. On the institutional level, University College Cork contributed to the most publications, and John F. Cryan from this university was the key researcher with considerable academic influence. The article, the role of short-chain fatty acids in microbiota-gut-brain, written by Boushra Dalile et al., in 2019 was the most cited article. Furthermore, the journal Nutrients had the maximum number of publications, while Plos One was the most cited journal. "Gut microbiome", "SCFAs", and "central nervous system" were the three most frequent keywords. Among them, SCFAs had the highest centrality. "Animal model" was the keyword with the highest burst strength, with the latest burst keywords being "social behavior", "pathogenesis", and "insulin sensitive". In addition, the research topics on SCFAs in CNS diseases from 2002 to 2022 mainly focused on following aspects: SCFAs plays a key role in microbe-gut-brain crosstalk; The classification and definition of SCFAs in the field of CNS; Several CNS diseases that are closely related to SCFAs research; Mechanism and translational studies of SCFAs in the CNS diseases. And the hotspots over the past 5 years have gradually increased the attention to the therapeutic potential of SCFAs in the CNS diseases. Conclusion The research of SCFAs in CNS diseases is attracting growing attention. However, there is a lack of cooperation between countries and institutions, and additional measures are required to promote cooperation. The current evidence for an association between SCFAs and CNS diseases is preliminary and more work is needed to pinpoint the precise mechanism. Moreover, large-scale clinical trials are needed in the future to define the therapeutic potential of SCFAs in CNS diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziwei Lan
- Department of Neurology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Xiangqi Tang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Ming Lu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurorestoratology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410003, Hunan, China
| | - Zhiping Hu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Zhenchu Tang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Tumor Models and Individualized Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
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Liu QQ, Mi J, Du YY, Rong Z, Qin Y, Jiang W, Li X, Yu JY, Yang L, Du XY, Yang Q, Guo YY. Lotusine ameliorates propionic acid-induced autism spectrum disorder-like behavior in mice by activating D1 dopamine receptor in medial prefrontal cortex. Phytother Res 2024; 38:1089-1103. [PMID: 38168755 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.8098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a multifaceted neuropsychiatric condition for which effective drug therapy for core clinical symptoms remains elusive. Lotusine, known for its neuroprotective properties in the treatment of neurological disorders, holds potential in addressing ASD. Nevertheless, its specific efficacy in ASD remains uncertain. This study aims to investigate the therapeutic potential of lotusine in ASD and elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms. We induced an ASD mouse model through intracerebroventricular-propionic acid (ICV-PPA) injection for 7 days, followed by lotusine administration for 5 days. The efficacy of lotusine was evaluated through a battery of behavioral tests, including the three-chamber social test. The underlying mechanisms of lotusine action in ameliorating ASD-like behavior were investigated in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) using whole-cell patch-clamp recordings, western blotting, immunofluorescence staining, molecular docking, and cellular thermal shift assay. The efficacy and mechanisms of lotusine were further validated in vitro. Lotusine effectively alleviated social deficits induced by ICV-PPA injection in mice by counteracting the reduction in miniature excitatory postsynaptic current frequency within the mPFC. Moreover, lotusine enhanced neuronal activity and ameliorated α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor dysfunction in ICV-PPA infusion mice by upregulating c-fos, p-GluA1 Ser 845, and p-GluA1 Ser 831 protein levels within the mPFC. Our findings also suggest that lotusine may exert its effects through modulation of the D1 dopamine receptor (DRD1). Furthermore, the rescuing effects of lotusine were nullified by a DRD1 antagonist in PC12 cells. In summary, our results revealed that lotusine ameliorates ASD-like behavior through targeted modulation of DRD1, ultimately enhancing excitatory synaptic transmission. These findings highlight the potential of lotusine as a nutritional supplement in the treatment of ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Qing Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'An, PR China
| | - Jie Mi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xi'an Children's Hospital, Xi'An, PR China
| | - Ya-Ya Du
- Department of Pharmacy, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'An, PR China
| | - Zheng Rong
- Department of Pharmacy, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'An, PR China
| | - Yan Qin
- Department of Pharmacy, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'An, PR China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'An, PR China
| | - Xi Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'An, PR China
| | - Jiao-Yan Yu
- Department of Pharmacy, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'An, PR China
| | - Le Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'An, PR China
| | - Xiao-Yan Du
- Department of Pharmacy, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'An, PR China
| | - Qi Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'An, PR China
| | - Yan-Yan Guo
- Department of Pharmacy, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'An, PR China
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Zaki RM, Ramasamy K, Ahmad Alwi NA, Mohd Yusoff R, Lim SM. Pediococcus pentosaceus LAB6- and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum LAB12-Derived Cell Free Supernatant Inhibited RhoA Activation and Reduced Amyloid-Β In Vitro. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2024; 16:62-75. [PMID: 36443559 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-022-10009-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by aggregation of amyloid beta (Aβ) plaque. RhoA may serve as a potential target for prevention against AD given its role in the amyloidogenic pathway. The recent emergence of the gut-brain axis has linked lactic acid bacteria (LAB) to neuroprotection against AD. This study assessed the importance of RhoA inhibition in mediating the neuroprotective potential of LAB. To this end, de Man, Rogosa and Sharpe (MRS) broth fermented by lactobacilli or pediococci were tested against SK-N-SH (a human neuroblastoma cell line) in the presence of RhoA activator II for 24 h after which the RhoA activity was measured using the G-LISA Kit. Fluorescence staining of f-actin stress fibres was performed to validate RhoA inhibition. SK-N-SH was transfected with plasmid expressing amyloid precursor protein (APP) gene. The Aβ concentration in transfected cells exposed to LAB-derived cell free supernatant (CFS) in the presence of RhoA activator II was measured using the ELISA kit. Furthermore, this study measured organic acids in LAB-derived CFS using the gas chromatography. It was found that LAB-derived CFS yielded strain-dependent inhibition of RhoA, with LAB6- and LAB12-derived CFS being the most potent Pediococcal- and Lactiplantibacillus-based RhoA inhibitor, respectively. Lesser stress fibres were formed under treatment with LAB-derived CFS. The LAB-derived CFS also significantly inhibited Aβ in SK-N-SH transfected with APP gene in the presence of RhoA activator II. The LAB-derived CFS was presented with increased lactic acid, acetic acid, butyric acid and propionic acid. The present findings warrant in-depth study using animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramli Muhammad Zaki
- Collaborative Drug Discovery Research (CDDR) Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Cawangan Selangor, Kampus Puncak Alam, 42300, Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Royal College of Medicine Perak, Universiti Kuala Lumpur , Ipoh, 30450, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Kalavathy Ramasamy
- Collaborative Drug Discovery Research (CDDR) Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Cawangan Selangor, Kampus Puncak Alam, 42300, Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Nor Amalina Ahmad Alwi
- Collaborative Drug Discovery Research (CDDR) Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Cawangan Selangor, Kampus Puncak Alam, 42300, Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Rosmadi Mohd Yusoff
- Collaborative Drug Discovery Research (CDDR) Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Cawangan Selangor, Kampus Puncak Alam, 42300, Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Siong Meng Lim
- Collaborative Drug Discovery Research (CDDR) Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Cawangan Selangor, Kampus Puncak Alam, 42300, Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
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Natrus L, Lisakovska O, Smirnov A, Osadchuk Y, Savosko S, Klys Y. Could the Propionic Acid Treatment in Combination with Metformin be Safe for the Small Intestine of Diabetic Rats? Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2024; 24:1335-1345. [PMID: 38265384 DOI: 10.2174/0118715303273125231121062111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Effects of propionic acid (PA) on the cellular and molecular processes in the small intestine under type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)-induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress remain incompletely studied. OBJECTIVES The aim of the study was to assess the state of unfolded protein response (UPR) system in the small intestine of diabetic rats and to explore PA's influence on metformin treatment. METHODS Male Wistar rats were divided into 1) control and 2) T2DM groups, and groups receiving (14 days, orally) 3) metformin (60 mg/kg), 4) PA (60 mg/kg), and 5) PA+metformin. Western blotting, RT-PCR, and transmission electron microscopy were performed. RESULTS We found that T2DM induced elevation of ER intermembrane space and UPR overactivation based on increased GRP78, ATF6 and PERK levels in small intestine. Metformin treatment led to a further UPR activation. PA supplementation partially restored enterocytes functioning via normalization of ATF6 and PERK content, while IRE1 level reached the maximum value, compared to all groups. The most pronounced effect of adaptation to the T2DMinduced ER stress was observed after combined metformin and PA action. In particular, decreased ER intermembrane space in enterocytes was detected compared to separate metformin and PA administration, which was accompanied by restored GRP78, PERK and IRE1 levels. CONCLUSION Our study proves the safety of additional therapy with propionic acid in combination with metformin for the functional state of small intestine. Due to its ability to modulate UPR signaling, PA may be considered a safe and perspective candidate for supportive therapy in T2DM, especially for neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larysa Natrus
- Department of Modern Technologies of Medical Diagnostics and Treatment, Bogomoletz National Medical University, Kyiv 03115, Ukraine
| | - Olha Lisakovska
- Department of Biochemistry of Vitamins and Coenzymes, Palladin Institute of Biochemistry, Kyiv 01054, Ukraine
| | - Anton Smirnov
- Department of Socio-Humanitarian and Biomedical Sciences, Kharkiv Institute of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Kharkiv 61002, Ukraine
| | - Yuliia Osadchuk
- Department of Modern Technologies of Medical Diagnostics and Treatment, Bogomoletz National Medical University, Kyiv 03115, Ukraine
| | - Serhyi Savosko
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Bogomoletz National Medical University, Kyiv 03115, Ukraine
| | - Yuliia Klys
- Department of Modern Technologies of Medical Diagnostics and Treatment, Bogomoletz National Medical University, Kyiv 03115, Ukraine
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12
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Wiefels MD, Furar E, Eshraghi RS, Mittal J, Memis I, Moosa M, Mittal R, Eshraghi AA. Targeting Gut Dysbiosis and Microbiome Metabolites for the Development of Therapeutic Modalities for Neurological Disorders. Curr Neuropharmacol 2024; 22:123-139. [PMID: 36200211 PMCID: PMC10716879 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x20666221003085508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota, composed of numerous species of microbes, works in synergy with the various organ systems in the body to bolster our overall health and well-being. The most well-known function of the gut microbiome is to facilitate the metabolism and absorption of crucial nutrients, such as complex carbohydrates, while also generating vitamins. In addition, the gut microbiome plays a crucial role in regulating the functioning of the central nervous system (CNS). Host genetics, including specific genes and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), have been implicated in the pathophysiology of neurological disorders, including Parkinson's disease (PD), Alzheimer's disease (AD), and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The gut microbiome dysbiosis also plays a role in the pathogenesis of these neurodegenerative disorders, thus perturbing the gut-brain axis. Overproduction of certain metabolites synthesized by the gut microbiome, such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and p-cresyl sulfate, are known to interfere with microglial function and trigger misfolding of alpha-synuclein protein, which can build up inside neurons and cause damage. By determining the association of the gut microbiome and its metabolites with various diseases, such as neurological disorders, future research will pave the way for the development of effective preventive and treatment modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D Wiefels
- Hearing Research and Communication Disorders Laboratory, Department of Otolaryngology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Emily Furar
- Hearing Research and Communication Disorders Laboratory, Department of Otolaryngology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Rebecca S Eshraghi
- Hearing Research and Communication Disorders Laboratory, Department of Otolaryngology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Jeenu Mittal
- Hearing Research and Communication Disorders Laboratory, Department of Otolaryngology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Idil Memis
- Hearing Research and Communication Disorders Laboratory, Department of Otolaryngology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Moeed Moosa
- Hearing Research and Communication Disorders Laboratory, Department of Otolaryngology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Rahul Mittal
- Hearing Research and Communication Disorders Laboratory, Department of Otolaryngology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Adrien A Eshraghi
- Hearing Research and Communication Disorders Laboratory, Department of Otolaryngology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, 33136, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
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13
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Meckel KR, Simpson SS, Godino A, Peck EG, Sens JP, Leonard MZ, George O, Calipari ES, Hofford RS, Kiraly DD. Microbial short-chain fatty acids regulate drug seeking and transcriptional control in a model of cocaine seeking. Neuropsychopharmacology 2024; 49:386-395. [PMID: 37528220 PMCID: PMC10724273 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-023-01661-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
Cocaine use disorder represents a public health crisis with no FDA-approved medications for its treatment. A growing body of research has detailed the important connections between the brain and the resident population of bacteria in the gut, the gut microbiome, in psychiatric disease models. Acute depletion of gut bacteria results in enhanced reward in a mouse cocaine place preference model, and repletion of bacterially-derived short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) metabolites reverses this effect. However, the role of the gut microbiome and its metabolites in modulating cocaine-seeking behavior after prolonged abstinence is unknown. Given that relapse prevention is the most clinically challenging issue in treating substance use disorders, studies examining the effects of microbiome manipulations in relapse-relevant models are critical. Here, male Sprague-Dawley rats received either untreated water or antibiotics to deplete the gut microbiome and its metabolites. Rats were trained to self-administer cocaine and subjected to either within-session threshold testing to evaluate motivation for cocaine or 21 days of abstinence followed by a cue-induced cocaine-seeking task to model relapse behavior. Microbiome depletion did not affect cocaine acquisition on an fixed-ratio 1 schedule. However, microbiome-depleted rats exhibited significantly enhanced motivation for low dose cocaine on a within-session threshold task. Similarly, microbiome depletion increased cue-induced cocaine-seeking following prolonged abstinence and altered transcriptional regulation in the nucleus accumbens. In the absence of a normal microbiome, repletion of bacterially-derived SCFA metabolites reversed the behavioral and transcriptional changes associated with microbiome depletion. These findings suggest that gut bacteria, via their metabolites, are key regulators of drug-seeking behaviors, positioning the microbiome as a potential translational research target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine R Meckel
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Department of Biology, Swarthmore College, Swarthmore, PA, 19081, USA
| | - Sierra S Simpson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Arthur Godino
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Emily G Peck
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Atrium Wake Forest Baptist Health, Winston-Salem, NC, 27101, USA
| | - Jonathon P Sens
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Atrium Wake Forest Baptist Health, Winston-Salem, NC, 27101, USA
| | - Michael Z Leonard
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Olivier George
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Erin S Calipari
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, 865F Light Hall, 2215 Garland Avenue, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Addiction Research, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Rebecca S Hofford
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Atrium Wake Forest Baptist Health, Winston-Salem, NC, 27101, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Drew D Kiraly
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Atrium Wake Forest Baptist Health, Winston-Salem, NC, 27101, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Atrium Wake Forest Baptist Health, Winston-Salem, NC, 27101, USA.
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Bahmani M, Mehrtabar S, Jafarizadeh A, Zoghi S, Heravi FS, Abbasi A, Sanaie S, Rahnemayan S, Leylabadlo HE. The Gut Microbiota and Major Depressive Disorder: Current Understanding and Novel Therapeutic Strategies. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2024; 25:2089-2107. [PMID: 38288791 DOI: 10.2174/0113892010281892240116081031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2024]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a common neuropsychiatric challenge that primarily targets young females. MDD as a global disorder has a multifactorial etiology related to the environment and genetic background. A balanced gut microbiota is one of the most important environmental factors involved in human physiological health. The interaction of gut microbiota components and metabolic products with the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal system and immune mediators can reverse depression phenotypes in vulnerable individuals. Therefore, abnormalities in the quantitative and qualitative structure of the gut microbiota may lead to the progression of MDD. In this review, we have presented an overview of the bidirectional relationship between gut microbiota and MDD, and the effect of pre-treatments and microbiomebased approaches, such as probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation, and a new generation of microbial alternatives, on the improvement of unstable clinical conditions caused by MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohaddeseh Bahmani
- Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Saba Mehrtabar
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ali Jafarizadeh
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sevda Zoghi
- Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Amin Abbasi
- Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sarvin Sanaie
- Research Center for Integrative Medicine in Aging, Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sama Rahnemayan
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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15
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Vernocchi P, Marangelo C, Guerrera S, Del Chierico F, Guarrasi V, Gardini S, Conte F, Paci P, Ianiro G, Gasbarrini A, Vicari S, Putignani L. Gut microbiota functional profiling in autism spectrum disorders: bacterial VOCs and related metabolic pathways acting as disease biomarkers and predictors. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1287350. [PMID: 38192296 PMCID: PMC10773764 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1287350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a multifactorial neurodevelopmental disorder. Major interplays between the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and the central nervous system (CNS) seem to be driven by gut microbiota (GM). Herein, we provide a GM functional characterization, based on GM metabolomics, mapping of bacterial biochemical pathways, and anamnestic, clinical, and nutritional patient metadata. Methods Fecal samples collected from children with ASD and neurotypical children were analyzed by gas-chromatography mass spectrometry coupled with solid phase microextraction (GC-MS/SPME) to determine volatile organic compounds (VOCs) associated with the metataxonomic approach by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Multivariate and univariate statistical analyses assessed differential VOC profiles and relationships with ASD anamnestic and clinical features for biomarker discovery. Multiple web-based and machine learning (ML) models identified metabolic predictors of disease and network analyses correlated GM ecological and metabolic patterns. Results The GM core volatilome for all ASD patients was characterized by a high concentration of 1-pentanol, 1-butanol, phenyl ethyl alcohol; benzeneacetaldehyde, octadecanal, tetradecanal; methyl isobutyl ketone, 2-hexanone, acetone; acetic, propanoic, 3-methyl-butanoic and 2-methyl-propanoic acids; indole and skatole; and o-cymene. Patients were stratified based on age, GI symptoms, and ASD severity symptoms. Disease risk prediction allowed us to associate butanoic acid with subjects older than 5 years, indole with the absence of GI symptoms and low disease severity, propanoic acid with the ASD risk group, and p-cymene with ASD symptoms, all based on the predictive CBCL-EXT scale. The HistGradientBoostingClassifier model classified ASD patients vs. CTRLs by an accuracy of 89%, based on methyl isobutyl ketone, benzeneacetaldehyde, phenyl ethyl alcohol, ethanol, butanoic acid, octadecane, acetic acid, skatole, and tetradecanal features. LogisticRegression models corroborated methyl isobutyl ketone, benzeneacetaldehyde, phenyl ethyl alcohol, skatole, and acetic acid as ASD predictors. Conclusion Our results will aid the development of advanced clinical decision support systems (CDSSs), assisted by ML models, for advanced ASD-personalized medicine, based on omics data integrated into electronic health/medical records. Furthermore, new ASD screening strategies based on GM-related predictors could be used to improve ASD risk assessment by uncovering novel ASD onset and risk predictors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Vernocchi
- Research Unit of Human Microbiome, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Marangelo
- Research Unit of Human Microbiome, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Guerrera
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Del Chierico
- Research Unit of Human Microbiome, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Federica Conte
- Institute for Systems Analysis and Computer Science “Antonio Ruberti”, National Research Council, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Paci
- Department of Computer, Control and Management Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Gianluca Ianiro
- CEMAD Digestive Disease Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Gasbarrini
- CEMAD Digestive Disease Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Vicari
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Life Sciences and Public Health Department, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Lorenza Putignani
- Unit of Microbiomics and Research Unit of Human Microbiome, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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16
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Nohesara S, Abdolmaleky HM, Zhou JR, Thiagalingam S. Microbiota-Induced Epigenetic Alterations in Depressive Disorders Are Targets for Nutritional and Probiotic Therapies. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:2217. [PMID: 38137038 PMCID: PMC10742434 DOI: 10.3390/genes14122217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a complex disorder and a leading cause of disability in 280 million people worldwide. Many environmental factors, such as microbes, drugs, and diet, are involved in the pathogenesis of depressive disorders. However, the underlying mechanisms of depression are complex and include the interaction of genetics with epigenetics and the host immune system. Modifications of the gut microbiome and its metabolites influence stress-related responses and social behavior in patients with depressive disorders by modulating the maturation of immune cells and neurogenesis in the brain mediated by epigenetic modifications. Here, we discuss the potential roles of a leaky gut in the development of depressive disorders via changes in gut microbiota-derived metabolites with epigenetic effects. Next, we will deliberate how altering the gut microbiome composition contributes to the development of depressive disorders via epigenetic alterations. In particular, we focus on how microbiota-derived metabolites such as butyrate as an epigenetic modifier, probiotics, maternal diet, polyphenols, drugs (e.g., antipsychotics, antidepressants, and antibiotics), and fecal microbiota transplantation could positively alleviate depressive-like behaviors by modulating the epigenetic landscape. Finally, we will discuss challenges associated with recent therapeutic approaches for depressive disorders via microbiome-related epigenetic shifts, as well as opportunities to tackle such problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shabnam Nohesara
- Department of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics), Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA;
| | - Hamid Mostafavi Abdolmaleky
- Nutrition/Metabolism Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boson, MA 02215, USA;
| | - Jin-Rong Zhou
- Nutrition/Metabolism Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boson, MA 02215, USA;
| | - Sam Thiagalingam
- Department of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics), Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA;
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
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17
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Moțățăianu A, Șerban G, Andone S. The Role of Short-Chain Fatty Acids in Microbiota-Gut-Brain Cross-Talk with a Focus on Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: A Systematic Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15094. [PMID: 37894774 PMCID: PMC10606032 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is a devastating neurodegenerative disease characterized by the gradual loss of motor neurons in the brain and spinal cord, leading to progressive motor function decline. Unfortunately, there is no effective treatment, and its increasing prevalence is linked to an aging population, improved diagnostics, heightened awareness, and changing lifestyles. In the gastrointestinal system, the gut microbiota plays a vital role in producing metabolites, neurotransmitters, and immune molecules. Short-chain fatty acids, of interest for their potential health benefits, are influenced by a fiber- and plant-based diet, promoting a diverse and balanced gut microbiome. These fatty acids impact the body by binding to receptors on enteroendocrine cells, influencing hormones like glucagon-like peptide-1 and peptide YY, which regulate appetite and insulin sensitivity. Furthermore, these fatty acids impact the blood-brain barrier, neurotransmitter levels, and neurotrophic factors, and directly stimulate vagal afferent nerves, affecting gut-brain communication. The vagus nerve is a crucial link between the gut and the brain, transmitting signals related to appetite, inflammation, and various processes. Dysregulation of this pathway can contribute to conditions like obesity and irritable bowel syndrome. Emerging evidence suggests the complex interplay among these fatty acids, the gut microbiota, and environmental factors influences neurodegenerative processes via interconnected pathways, including immune function, anti-inflammation, gut barrier, and energy metabolism. Embracing a balanced, fiber-rich diet may foster a diverse gut microbiome, potentially impacting neurodegenerative disease risk. Comprehensive understanding requires further research into interventions targeting the gut microbiome and fatty acid production and their potential therapeutic role in neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anca Moțățăianu
- 1st Neurology Clinic, Mures County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 540136 Târgu Mures, Romania
- Department of Neurology, University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Târgu Mures ‘George Emil Palade’, 540142 Târgu Mures, Romania
| | - Georgiana Șerban
- Doctoral School, University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Târgu Mures ‘George Emil Palade’, 540142 Târgu Mures, Romania
| | - Sebastian Andone
- 1st Neurology Clinic, Mures County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 540136 Târgu Mures, Romania
- Department of Neurology, University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Târgu Mures ‘George Emil Palade’, 540142 Târgu Mures, Romania
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18
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Cutuli D, Decandia D, Giacovazzo G, Coccurello R. Physical Exercise as Disease-Modifying Alternative against Alzheimer's Disease: A Gut-Muscle-Brain Partnership. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14686. [PMID: 37834132 PMCID: PMC10572207 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a common cause of dementia characterized by neurodegenerative dysregulations, cognitive impairments, and neuropsychiatric symptoms. Physical exercise (PE) has emerged as a powerful tool for reducing chronic inflammation, improving overall health, and preventing cognitive decline. The connection between the immune system, gut microbiota (GM), and neuroinflammation highlights the role of the gut-brain axis in maintaining brain health and preventing neurodegenerative diseases. Neglected so far, PE has beneficial effects on microbial composition and diversity, thus providing the potential to alleviate neurological symptoms. There is bidirectional communication between the gut and muscle, with GM diversity modulation and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production affecting muscle metabolism and preservation, and muscle activity/exercise in turn inducing significant changes in GM composition, functionality, diversity, and SCFA production. This gut-muscle and muscle-gut interplay can then modulate cognition. For instance, irisin, an exercise-induced myokine, promotes neuroplasticity and cognitive function through BDNF signaling. Irisin and muscle-generated BDNF may mediate the positive effects of physical activity against some aspects of AD pathophysiology through the interaction of exercise with the gut microbial ecosystem, neural plasticity, anti-inflammatory signaling pathways, and neurogenesis. Understanding gut-muscle-brain interconnections hold promise for developing strategies to promote brain health, fight age-associated cognitive decline, and improve muscle health and longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debora Cutuli
- Department of Psychology, University of Rome La Sapienza, 00185 Rome, Italy;
- European Center for Brain Research, Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, 00143 Rome, Italy;
| | - Davide Decandia
- Department of Psychology, University of Rome La Sapienza, 00185 Rome, Italy;
- European Center for Brain Research, Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, 00143 Rome, Italy;
| | - Giacomo Giacovazzo
- European Center for Brain Research, Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, 00143 Rome, Italy;
- Facoltà di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Teramo (UniTE), 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Roberto Coccurello
- European Center for Brain Research, Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, 00143 Rome, Italy;
- Institute for Complex Systems (ISC), National Council of Research (CNR), 00185 Rome, Italy
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Zhang S, Lu B, Wang G. The role of gut microbiota in the pathogenesis and treatment of postpartum depression. Ann Gen Psychiatry 2023; 22:36. [PMID: 37759312 PMCID: PMC10523734 DOI: 10.1186/s12991-023-00469-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Postpartum depression (PPD) is a common complication of pregnancy in women, and its pathogenesis mainly involves disturbances of the neuroendocrine regulation, immune system, neurotransmitters, hormone secretion, and the gut microbiome. Gut microbes play essential physiological and pathological roles in the gut-brain axis' pathways which are involved in various central nervous system (CNS) and psychiatric disorders, including PPD. Numerous studies have identified the fundamental role of the gut-brain axis in the pathogenesis and treatment of PPD patients and also correlates with other pathogenic mechanisms of PPD. Disturbances in gut microbes are associated with the disruption of multiple signaling pathways and systems that ultimately lead to PPD development. This review aimed to elucidate the potential connections between gut microbes and the established PPD network, and this might serve as a guide for the development of new efficient diagnostic, therapeutic, and prognostic strategies in the management of PPD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Baili Lu
- Wuhan Mental Health Center, Wuhan, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Wuhan Mental Health Center, Wuhan, China.
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20
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Sens JP, Hofford RS, Kiraly DD. Effect of germ-free status on transcriptional profiles in the nucleus accumbens and transcriptomic response to chronic morphine. Mol Cell Neurosci 2023; 126:103874. [PMID: 37315877 PMCID: PMC10921993 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2023.103874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Opioid use disorder is a public health crisis that causes tremendous suffering for patients as well as substantial social and economic costs for society. There are currently available treatments for patients with opioid use disorder, but they remain intolerable or ineffective for many. Thus the need to develop new avenues for therapeutics development in this space is great. Substantial work in models of substance use disorders, including opioid use disorder, demonstrates that prolonged exposure to drugs of abuse leads to marked transcriptional and epigenetic dysregulation in limbic substructures. It is widely believed that these changes in gene regulation in response to drugs are a key driving factor in the perpetuation of drug taking and seeking behaviors. Thus, development of interventions that could shape transcriptional regulation in response to drugs of abuse would be of high value. Over the past decade there has been a surge in research demonstrating that the resident bacteria of the gastrointestinal tract, collectively the gut microbiome, can have tremendous influence on neurobiological and behavioral plasticity. Previous work from our group and others has demonstrated that alterations in the gut microbiome can alter behavioral responses to opioids in multiple paradigms. Additionally, we have previously reported that depletion of the gut microbiome with antibiotics markedly shifts the transcriptome of the nucleus accumbens following prolonged morphine exposure. In this manuscript we present a comprehensive analysis of the effects of the gut microbiome on transcriptional regulation of the nucleus accumbens following morphine by utilizing germ-free, antibiotic treated, and control mice. This allows for detailed understanding of the role of the microbiome in regulating baseline transcriptomic control, as well as response to morphine. We find that germ-free status leads to a marked gene dysregulation in a manner distinct to adult mice treated with antibiotics, and that altered gene pathways are highly related to cellular metabolic processes. These data provide additional insight into the role of the gut microbiome in modulating brain function and lay a foundation for further study in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathon P Sens
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Atrium Wake Forest Baptist Health, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, United States
| | - Rebecca S Hofford
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Atrium Wake Forest Baptist Health, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, United States; Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, United States
| | - Drew D Kiraly
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Atrium Wake Forest Baptist Health, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, United States; Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, United States; Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, United States; Department of Psychiatry, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Atrium Wake Forest Baptist Health, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, United States.
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21
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Wei J, Chen J, Fang X, Liu T, Yuan Y, Zhang J. Protocol for the safety and efficacy of fecal microbiota transplantation liquid in children with autism spectrum disorder: a randomized controlled study. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1236904. [PMID: 37675433 PMCID: PMC10477363 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1236904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by deficits in social interaction, repetitive behavior and language impairment, and its worldwide prevalence has been found to be increasing annually in recent years. Till now, ASD is uncurable as its pathogenesis remains unknown. However, studies on both animals and humans have demonstrated that fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) may ameliorate the symptoms of ASD, as well as gastrointestinal symptoms. Nonetheless, there is still no agreement regarding the optimal dosage or duration of FMT treatment for individuals with ASD. Methods This clinical study is a double-blind, randomized, interventional trial conducted at a single center. The aim is to investigate the safety and efficacy of a pediatric formulation of FMT for ASD. A total of 42 children between the ages of 3-9 with ASD will be randomly assigned in a 2:1 ratio to either an FMT treatment group (n = 28) or a placebo group (n = 14), forming cohort 1. Additionally, 30 healthy children of similar age and gender will be recruited as the control group (cohort 2). Cohort 1 will be assessed using a variety of scales, including the Autism Behavior Checklist, Childhood Autism Rating Scale, Social Responsiveness Scale, Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale, Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire, and Psychoeducational Profile (Third Edition). These assessments will evaluate the effectiveness of FMT in reducing core symptoms and comorbidities (such as gastrointestinal symptoms and sleep disturbances) in children with ASD. The study will use metagenomic and metabolomic sequencing to assess changes in the composition and structure of the intestinal flora and its metabolites in blood, urine, and feces following treatment. Furthermore, the study will evaluate the acceptability of the FMT formulation by participants' legal guardians and investigate differences in the intestinal flora and metabolism in the FMT group before and after treatment compared to 30 healthy children. Clinical trial registration https://www.chictr.org.cn/, identifier ChiCTR2200058459.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinying Wei
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiayi Chen
- Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaohui Fang
- Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tianyu Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanhan Yuan
- Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinping Zhang
- Pediatrics, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
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22
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Jackson PPJ, Wijeyesekera A, Rastall RA. Oligofructose alone and in combination with 2'fucosyllactose induces physiologically relevant changes in γ-aminobutyric acid and organic acid production compared to sole 2'fucosyllactose supplementation: an in vitro study. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2023; 99:fiad100. [PMID: 37653466 PMCID: PMC10481994 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiad100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
We explored the potential for the prebiotic oligofructose and prebiotic candidate 2'fucosyllactose, alone and in combination (50:50 blend) to induce physiologically relevant increases in neurotransmitter (γ-aminobutyric acid, serotonin, tryptophan, and dopamine) and organic acid (acetate, propionate, butyrate, lactate, and succinate) production as well as microbiome changes using anaerobic pH-controlled in vitro batch culture fermentations over 48 h. Changes in organic acid and neurotransmitter production were assessed by gas chromatography and liquid chromatography and, bacterial enumeration using fluorescence in situ hybridization, respectively. Both oligofructose and oligofructose/2'fucosyllactose combination fermentations induced physiologically relevant concentrations of γ-aminobutyric acid, acetate, propionate, butyrate, and succinate at completion (all P ≤ .05). A high degree of heterogeneity was seen amongst donors in both neurotransmitter and organic acid production in sole 2'FL fermentations suggesting a large responder/nonresponder status exists. Large increases in Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, and Bacteroides numbers were detected in oligofructose fermentation, smallest increases being detected in 2'fucosyllactose fermentation. Bacterial numbers in the combined oligofructose/2'fucosyllactose fermentation were closer to that of sole oligofructose. Our results indicate that oligofructose and oligofructose/2'fucosyllactose in combination have the potential to induce physiologically relevant increases in γ-aminobutyric and organic acid production along with offsetting the heterogenicity seen in response to sole 2'fucosyllactose supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Philip James Jackson
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Harry Nursten Building, Pepper Lane, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6DZ, United Kingdom
| | - Anisha Wijeyesekera
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Harry Nursten Building, Pepper Lane, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6DZ, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Adrian Rastall
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Harry Nursten Building, Pepper Lane, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6DZ, United Kingdom
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23
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Ağagündüz D, Çelik E, Cemali Ö, Bingöl FG, Özenir Ç, Özoğul F, Capasso R. Probiotics, Live Biotherapeutic Products (LBPs), and Gut-Brain Axis Related Psychological Conditions: Implications for Research and Dietetics. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2023; 15:1014-1031. [PMID: 37222849 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-023-10092-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
It is well-known that probiotics have key roles in the crosstalk between the gut and brain in terms of nutrition and health. However, when investigating their role in nutrition and health, it can be important to discriminate probiotics used as foods, food supplements, or drugs. For clarification of this terminology, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has established a new "live biotherapeutic products" (LBP) category, expressing pharmaceutical expectations and to reduce confusion in the literature. Growing evidence advises that the community of microorganisms found in the gut microbiota is associated with psychological conditions. Hence, it is thought that LBPs may positively affect depression, anxiety, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia by reducing inflammation, improving gut microbiota, and balancing gut neurometabolites. This review focuses on the specific position of probiotics as LBPs in psychological conditions. Condition-specific potential pathways and mechanisms of LBPs and the prominent strains are discussed in the light of novel studies for future research, dietetic and pharmaceutical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duygu Ağagündüz
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Gazi University, Emek, Ankara, 06490, Turkey.
| | - Elif Çelik
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Gazi University, Emek, Ankara, 06490, Turkey
| | - Özge Cemali
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Gazi University, Emek, Ankara, 06490, Turkey
| | - Feray Gençer Bingöl
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, İstiklal Yerleşkesi, Burdur, 15030, Turkey
| | - Çiler Özenir
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Kırıkkale University, Merkez, Kırıkkale, 71100, Turkey
| | - Fatih Özoğul
- Department of Seafood Processing Technology, Faculty of Fisheries, Cukurova University, Balcali, Adana, 01330, Turkey
- Biotechnology Research and Application Center, Cukurova University, Adana, 01330, Turkey
| | - Raffaele Capasso
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055, Portici, NA, Italy
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24
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Bendriss G, MacDonald R, McVeigh C. Microbial Reprogramming in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorders: A Review of Gut-Brain Communication and Emerging Evidence. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11978. [PMID: 37569349 PMCID: PMC10419219 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241511978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a debilitating mental health disorder characterized by intrusive thoughts (obsessions) and repetitive behaviors (compulsions). Dysbiosis, an imbalance in the gut microbial composition, has been associated with various health conditions, including mental health disorders, autism, and inflammatory diseases. While the exact mechanisms underlying OCD remain unclear, this review presents a growing body of evidence suggesting a potential link between dysbiosis and the multifaceted etiology of OCD, interacting with genetic, neurobiological, immunological, and environmental factors. This review highlights the emerging evidence implicating the gut microbiota in the pathophysiology of OCD and its potential as a target for novel therapeutic approaches. We propose a model that positions dysbiosis as the central unifying element in the neurochemical, immunological, genetic, and environmental factors leading to OCD. The potential and challenges of microbial reprogramming strategies, such as probiotics and fecal transplants in OCD therapeutics, are discussed. This review raises awareness of the importance of adopting a holistic approach that considers the interplay between the gut and the brain to develop interventions that account for the multifaceted nature of OCD and contribute to the advancement of more personalized approaches.
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25
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Kwak MJ, Kim SH, Kim HH, Tanpure R, Kim JI, Jeon BH, Park HK. Psychobiotics and fecal microbial transplantation for autism and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: microbiome modulation and therapeutic mechanisms. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1238005. [PMID: 37554355 PMCID: PMC10405178 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1238005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysbiosis of the gut microbiome is thought to be the developmental origins of the host's health and disease through the microbiota-gut-brain (MGB) axis: such as immune-mediated, metabolic, neurodegenerative, and neurodevelopmental diseases. Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are common neurodevelopmental disorders, and growing evidence indicates the contribution of the gut microbiome changes and imbalances to these conditions, pointing to the importance of considering the MGB axis in their treatment. This review summarizes the general knowledge of gut microbial colonization and development in early life and its role in the pathogenesis of ASD/ADHD, highlighting a promising therapeutic approach for ASD/ADHD through modulation of the gut microbiome using psychobiotics (probiotics that positively affect neurological function and can be applied for the treatment of psychiatric diseases) and fecal microbial transplantation (FMT).
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-jin Kwak
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hyun Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hoo Hugo Kim
- Department of Earth Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Rahul Tanpure
- Department of Earth Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Johanna Inhyang Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Hanyang University Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Clinical Research Institute of Developmental Medicine, Hanyang University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Byong-Hun Jeon
- Department of Earth Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Kyung Park
- Department of Pediatrics, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Clinical Research Institute of Developmental Medicine, Hanyang University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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26
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Castellini G, Cassioli E, Vitali F, Rossi E, Dani C, Melani G, Flaccomio D, D'Andria M, Mejia Monroy M, Galli A, Cavalieri D, Ricca V, Bartolucci GL, De Filippo C. Gut microbiota metabolites mediate the interplay between childhood maltreatment and psychopathology in patients with eating disorders. Sci Rep 2023; 13:11753. [PMID: 37474544 PMCID: PMC10359458 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38665-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Eating disorders (EDs) are syndromes with a multifactorial etiopathogenesis, involving childhood traumatic experiences, as well as biological factors. Human microbiome has been hypothesised to play a fundamental role, impacting on emotion regulation, as well as with eating behaviours through its metabolites such as short chain fatty acids (SCFAs). The present study investigated the interactions between psychopathology of EDs, the gut microbiome and SCFAs resulting from bacterial community metabolic activities in a population of 47 patients with Anorexia Nervosa, Bulimia Nervosa, and Binge Eating Disorder and in healthy controls (HCs). Bacterial gut microbiota composition differences were found between subjects with EDs and HCs, especially in association with different pathological behaviours (binge-purge vs restricting). A mediation model of early trauma and ED-specific psychopathology linked reduction of microbial diversity to a typical microbiota-derived metabolite such as butyric acid. A possible interpretation for this model might be that childhood trauma represents a risk factor for gut dysbiosis and for a stable modification of mechanisms responsible for SCFAs production, and that this dysfunctional community is inherited in the passage from childhood to adulthood. These findings might open the way to novel interventions of butyric acid-like compounds as well as faecal transplant.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emanuele Cassioli
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Francesco Vitali
- Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology, National Research Council, Pisa, Italy
| | - Eleonora Rossi
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Cristiano Dani
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Giulia Melani
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Dario Flaccomio
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Martina D'Andria
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Mariela Mejia Monroy
- Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology, National Research Council, Pisa, Italy
| | - Andrea Galli
- Gastroenterology Research Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Valdo Ricca
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Gian Luca Bartolucci
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Carlotta De Filippo
- Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology, National Research Council, Pisa, Italy.
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27
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Kamalmaz N, Ben Bacha A, Alonazi M, Albasher G, Khayyat AIA, El-Ansary A. Unveiling sex-based differences in developing propionic acid-induced features in mice as a rodent model of ASD. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15488. [PMID: 37334116 PMCID: PMC10274690 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Males are more likely to develop autism as a neurodevelopmental disorder than females are, although the mechanisms underlying male vulnerability are not fully understood. Therefore, studying the role of autism etiologies considering sex differences in the propionic acid (PPA) rodent model of autism would build greater understanding of how females are protected from autism spectrum disorder, which may be used as a treatment strategy for males with autism. Objectives This study aimed to investigate the sex differences in oxidative stress, glutamate excitotoxicity, neuroinflammation, and gut microbiota impairment as etiological mechanisms for many neurological diseases, with specific reference to autism. Method Forty albino mice were divided into four groups of 10 animals each with two control and two treated groups of both sexes received only phosphate-buffered saline or a neurotoxic dose of PPA (250 mg/kg body weight) for 3 days, respectively. Biochemical markers of energy metabolism, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and excitotoxicity were measured in mouse brain homogenates, whereas the presence of pathogenic bacteria was assessed in mouse stool samples. Furthermore, the repetitive behavior, cognitive ability, and physical-neural coordination of the animals were examined. Results Collectively, selected variables related to oxidative stress, glutamate excitotoxicity, neuroinflammation, and gut bacteria were impaired concomitantly with altered behavior in PPA-induced rodent model, with males being more susceptible than females. Conclusion This study explains the role of sex in the higher vulnerability of males to develop autistic biochemical and behavioral features compared with females. Female sex hormones and the higher detoxification capacity and higher glycolytic flux in females serve as neuroprotective contributors in a rodent model of autism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasreen Kamalmaz
- Biochemistry Department, Science College, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abir Ben Bacha
- Biochemistry Department, Science College, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mona Alonazi
- Biochemistry Department, Science College, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gadah Albasher
- Zoology Department, Science College, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Arwa Ishaq A. Khayyat
- Biochemistry Department, Science College, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Afaf El-Ansary
- Central Research Laboratory, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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28
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Fusco W, Lorenzo MB, Cintoni M, Porcari S, Rinninella E, Kaitsas F, Lener E, Mele MC, Gasbarrini A, Collado MC, Cammarota G, Ianiro G. Short-Chain Fatty-Acid-Producing Bacteria: Key Components of the Human Gut Microbiota. Nutrients 2023; 15:2211. [PMID: 37432351 DOI: 10.3390/nu15092211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 100.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) play a key role in health and disease, as they regulate gut homeostasis and their deficiency is involved in the pathogenesis of several disorders, including inflammatory bowel diseases, colorectal cancer, and cardiometabolic disorders. SCFAs are metabolites of specific bacterial taxa of the human gut microbiota, and their production is influenced by specific foods or food supplements, mainly prebiotics, by the direct fostering of these taxa. This Review provides an overview of SCFAs' roles and functions, and of SCFA-producing bacteria, from their microbiological characteristics and taxonomy to the biochemical process that lead to the release of SCFAs. Moreover, we will describe the potential therapeutic approaches to boost the levels of SCFAs in the human gut and treat different related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Fusco
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Digestive Disease Center, Universitary Policlinic Agostino Gemelli Foundation IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Manuel Bernabeu Lorenzo
- Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology-National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Marco Cintoni
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Clinical Nutrition Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Universitary Policlinic Agostino Gemelli Foundation IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Serena Porcari
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Digestive Disease Center, Universitary Policlinic Agostino Gemelli Foundation IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Emanuele Rinninella
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Clinical Nutrition Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Universitary Policlinic Agostino Gemelli Foundation IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Kaitsas
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Digestive Disease Center, Universitary Policlinic Agostino Gemelli Foundation IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Elena Lener
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Digestive Disease Center, Universitary Policlinic Agostino Gemelli Foundation IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Mele
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Clinical Nutrition Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Universitary Policlinic Agostino Gemelli Foundation IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Gasbarrini
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Digestive Disease Center, Universitary Policlinic Agostino Gemelli Foundation IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Carmen Collado
- Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology-National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Giovanni Cammarota
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Digestive Disease Center, Universitary Policlinic Agostino Gemelli Foundation IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Gianluca Ianiro
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Digestive Disease Center, Universitary Policlinic Agostino Gemelli Foundation IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy
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29
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Lakosa A, Rahimian A, Tomasi F, Marti F, Reynolds LM, Tochon L, David V, Danckaert A, Canonne C, Tahraoui S, de Chaumont F, Forget B, Maskos U, Besson M. Impact of the gut microbiome on nicotine's motivational effects and glial cells in the ventral tegmental area in male mice. Neuropsychopharmacology 2023; 48:963-974. [PMID: 36932179 PMCID: PMC10156728 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-023-01563-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
A link between gut dysbiosis and the pathogenesis of brain disorders has been identified. A role for gut bacteria in drug reward and addiction has been suggested but very few studies have investigated their impact on brain and behavioral responses to addictive drugs so far. In particular, their influence on nicotine's addiction-like processes remains unknown. In addition, evidence shows that glial cells shape the neuronal activity of the mesolimbic system but their regulation, within this system, by the gut microbiome is not established. We demonstrate that a lack of gut microbiota in male mice potentiates the nicotine-induced activation of sub-regions of the mesolimbic system. We further show that gut microbiota depletion enhances the response to nicotine of dopaminergic neurons of the posterior ventral tegmental area (pVTA), and alters nicotine's rewarding and aversive effects in an intra-VTA self-administration procedure. These effects were not associated with gross behavioral alterations and the nicotine withdrawal syndrome was not impacted. We further show that depletion of the gut microbiome modulates the glial cells of the mesolimbic system. Notably, it increases the number of astrocytes selectively in the pVTA, and the expression of postsynaptic density protein 95 in both VTA sub-regions, without altering the density of the astrocytic glutamatergic transporter GLT1. Finally, we identify several sub-populations of microglia in the VTA that differ between its anterior and posterior sub-parts, and show that they are re-organized in conditions of gut microbiota depletion. The present study paves the way for refining our understanding of the pathophysiology of nicotine addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Lakosa
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Neurobiologie Intégrative des Systèmes Cholinergiques, CNRS UMR 3571, Paris, France
| | - Anaïs Rahimian
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Neurobiologie Intégrative des Systèmes Cholinergiques, CNRS UMR 3571, Paris, France
| | - Flavio Tomasi
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Neurobiologie Intégrative des Systèmes Cholinergiques, CNRS UMR 3571, Paris, France
- Neuroscience Paris Seine, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Fabio Marti
- Plasticité du Cerveau, CNRS UMR 8249, ESPCI Paris, Université PSL, Paris, France
- Neuroscience Paris Seine, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Lauren M Reynolds
- Plasticité du Cerveau, CNRS UMR 8249, ESPCI Paris, Université PSL, Paris, France
| | - Léa Tochon
- Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
- CNRS UMR 5287, Institut de Neurosciences Cognitives et Intégratives d'Aquitaine, Bordeaux, France
| | - Vincent David
- Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
- CNRS UMR 5287, Institut de Neurosciences Cognitives et Intégratives d'Aquitaine, Bordeaux, France
| | - Anne Danckaert
- UTechS Photonics Bioimaging/C2RT, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, 25 rue du Dr Roux, 75724, Paris Cedex 15, France
| | - Candice Canonne
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Neurobiologie Intégrative des Systèmes Cholinergiques, CNRS UMR 3571, Paris, France
| | - Sylvana Tahraoui
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Neurobiologie Intégrative des Systèmes Cholinergiques, CNRS UMR 3571, Paris, France
| | - Fabrice de Chaumont
- Génétique humaine et fonctions cognitives, CNRS UMR 3571, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, 25 rue du Dr Roux, 75724, Paris Cedex 15, France
| | - Benoît Forget
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Neurobiologie Intégrative des Systèmes Cholinergiques, CNRS UMR 3571, Paris, France
- Génétique humaine et fonctions cognitives, CNRS UMR 3571, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, 25 rue du Dr Roux, 75724, Paris Cedex 15, France
| | - Uwe Maskos
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Neurobiologie Intégrative des Systèmes Cholinergiques, CNRS UMR 3571, Paris, France
| | - Morgane Besson
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Neurobiologie Intégrative des Systèmes Cholinergiques, CNRS UMR 3571, Paris, France.
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Golpour F, Abbasi-Alaei M, Babaei F, Mirzababaei M, Parvardeh S, Mohammadi G, Nassiri-Asl M. Short chain fatty acids, a possible treatment option for autoimmune diseases. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 163:114763. [PMID: 37105078 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota can interact with the immune system through its metabolites. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), as one of the most abundant metabolites of the resident gut microbiota play an important role in this crosstalk. SCFAs (acetate, propionate, and butyrate) regulate nearly every type of immune cell in the gut's immune cell repertoire regarding their development and function. SCFAs work through several pathways to impose protection towards colonic health and against local or systemic inflammation. Additionally, SCFAs play a role in the regulation of immune or non-immune pathways that can slow the development of autoimmunity either systematically or in situ. The present study aims to summarize the current knowledge on the immunomodulatory roles of SCFAs and the association between the SCFAs and autoimmune disorders such as celiac disease (CD), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), multiple sclerosis (MS), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), type 1 diabetes (T1D) and other immune-mediated diseases, uncovering a brand-new therapeutic possibility to prevent or treat autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faezeh Golpour
- School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehrsa Abbasi-Alaei
- School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Babaei
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Mirzababaei
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Siavash Parvardeh
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ghazaleh Mohammadi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran; Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran.
| | - Marjan Nassiri-Asl
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Neurobiology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Wu Z, Tian E, Chen Y, Dong Z, Peng Q. Gut microbiota and its roles in the pathogenesis and therapy of endocrine system diseases. Microbiol Res 2023; 268:127291. [PMID: 36542917 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2022.127291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
A new field of microbial research is the relationship between microorganisms and multicellular hosts. It is known that gut microbes can cause various endocrine system diseases, such as diabetes and thyroid disease. Changes in the composition or structure and the metabolites of gut microbes may cause gastrointestinal disorders, including ulcers or intestinal perforation and other inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. In recent years, reports on the interactions between intestinal microorganisms and endocrine system diseases have been increasingly documented. In the meantime, the treatment based on gut microbiome has also been paid much attention. For example, fecal microbiota transplantation is found to have a therapeutic effect on many diseases. As such, understanding the gut microbiota-endocrine system interactions is of great significance for the theranostic of endocrine system diseases. Herein, we summarize the relations of gut microbiome with endocrine system diseases, and discuss the potentials of regulating gut microbiome in treating those diseases. In addition, the concerns and possible solutions regarding the gut microbiome-based therapy are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoxuan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Erkang Tian
- Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yuyang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zaiquan Dong
- Mental Health Center of West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Qiang Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
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Kasarello K, Cudnoch-Jedrzejewska A, Czarzasta K. Communication of gut microbiota and brain via immune and neuroendocrine signaling. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1118529. [PMID: 36760508 PMCID: PMC9907780 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1118529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The gastrointestinal tract of the human is inhabited by about 5 × 1013 bacteria (of about 1,000 species) as well as archaea, fungi, and viruses. Gut microbiota is known to influence the host organism, but the host may also affect the functioning of the microbiota. This bidirectional cooperation occurs in three main inter-organ signaling: immune, neural, and endocrine. Immune communication relies mostly on the cytokines released by the immune cells into circulation. Also, pathogen-associated or damage-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs or DAMPs) may enter circulation and affect the functioning of the internal organs and gut microbiota. Neural communication relies mostly on the direct anatomical connections made by the vagus nerve, or indirect connections via the enteric nervous system. The third pathway, endocrine communication, is the broadest one and includes the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. This review focuses on presenting the latest data on the role of the gut microbiota in inter-organ communication with particular emphasis on the role of neurotransmitters (catecholamines, serotonin, gamma-aminobutyric acid), intestinal peptides (cholecystokinin, peptide YY, and glucagon-like peptide 1), and bacterial metabolites (short-chain fatty acids).
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Xie L, Chen D, Zhu X, Cheng C. Efficacy and safety of probiotics in Parkinson's constipation: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Pharmacol 2023; 13:1007654. [PMID: 36703760 PMCID: PMC9871263 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1007654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Parkinson's disease (PD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease closely related to the immune system, among whose prodromes constipation is a representative symptom. Recent Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) have proved that probiotics can be used to effectively treat PD constipation, but the results are inconsistent. We performed a meta-analysis to assess the efficacy and safety of probiotic therapy on Parkinson's constipation. Methods: Questions about the research focus were constructed based on the Participants, Intervention, Comparison and Outcomes (PICO) Criteria. We searched electronic databases such as PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, Scopus, EBSCO, Cochrane and Google Scholar until March 2022 for eligible literatures. Our primary endpoints were stool frequency, stool consistency, the number of laxatives uses, UPDRS-III scores and adverse events. Results: 12 eligible studies (n = 818 patients) met the inclusion and endpoint criteria. Meta-analysis results showed that constipation symptoms were improved after probiotic treatment, including an increased stool frequency (WMD = 0.94, 95% CI:0.53 to 1.34; OR = 3.22, 95% CI:1.97-5.29), an improved stool consistency (WMD = 1.46, 95% CI:0.54-2.37), a reduced use of laxatives (WMD = -0.72, 95%CI: -1.04 to-0.41), and also a reduced Parkinson's UPDRS-III score (WMD = -6.58, 95%CI: -12.02 to -1.14); there was no significant difference in total adverse events (OR = 0.82, 95%CI:0.39-1.72). Conclusion: Our analysis suggests that probiotics can be used to improve the constipation and motor symptoms for patients with Parkinson's constipation, possibly by reducing the inflammatory response and improving gut-brain axis neuron function, whose safety also proved to be good.
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Shin C, Kim YK. Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis: Pathophysiological Mechanism in Neuropsychiatric Disorders. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1411:17-37. [PMID: 36949304 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-19-7376-5_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
Gut microbiota influence human behavior. The immunological, metabolic, and endocrine systems are involved in bidirectional communication between the gut and the brain, which is regulated by microbes through the microbiota-derived neurochemicals and metabolites. Gut microbiota have certain effects on neurodevelopment and maturation of immunity. However, gut dysbiosis can lead to neuropsychiatric disorders. Animal research and clinical case-control studies have demonstrated that gut dysbiosis has an adverse effect on human behavior through a variety of mechanisms. Recent meta-analysis on clinical studies confirmed gut dysbiosis in several major neuropsychiatric disorders. Microbiota-targeted intervention has recently been in the spotlight and meta-analyses have confirmed its effectiveness. In this chapter, we summarize the evidence for the interactions between microbiota and brain-gut network, as well as the potential pathophysiological mechanisms involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheolmin Shin
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Ku Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan, Republic of Korea.
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Sciaccaluga M, Ruffolo G, Palma E, Costa C. Traditional and Innovative Anti-seizure Medications Targeting Key Physiopathological Mechanisms: Focus on Neurodevelopment and Neurodegeneration. Curr Neuropharmacol 2023; 21:1736-1754. [PMID: 37143270 PMCID: PMC10514539 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x21666230504160948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the wide range of compounds currently available to treat epilepsy, there is still no drug that directly tackles the physiopathological mechanisms underlying its development. Indeed, antiseizure medications attempt to prevent seizures but are inefficacious in counteracting or rescuing the physiopathological phenomena that underlie their onset and recurrence, and hence do not cure epilepsy. Classically, the altered excitation/inhibition balance is postulated as the mechanism underlying epileptogenesis and seizure generation. This oversimplification, however, does not account for deficits in homeostatic plasticity resulting from either insufficient or excessive compensatory mechanisms in response to a change in network activity. In this respect, both neurodevelopmental epilepsies and those associated with neurodegeneration may share common underlying mechanisms that still need to be fully elucidated. The understanding of these molecular mechanisms shed light on the identification of new classes of drugs able not only to suppress seizures, but also to present potential antiepileptogenic effects or "disease-modifying" properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Sciaccaluga
- Section of Neurology, S.M. della Misericordia Hospital, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Piazzale Gambuli 1, Perugia, 06129, Italy
| | - Gabriele Ruffolo
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Istituto Pasteur—Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, University of Rome, Sapienza, Rome, 00185, Italy
- IRCCS San Raffaele Roma, Rome, 00166, Italy
| | - Eleonora Palma
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Istituto Pasteur—Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, University of Rome, Sapienza, Rome, 00185, Italy
- IRCCS San Raffaele Roma, Rome, 00166, Italy
| | - Cinzia Costa
- Section of Neurology, S.M. della Misericordia Hospital, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Piazzale Gambuli 1, Perugia, 06129, Italy
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36
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Emerging insights between gut microbiome dysbiosis and Parkinson's disease: Pathogenic and clinical relevance. Ageing Res Rev 2022; 82:101759. [PMID: 36243356 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a complicated neurodegenerative disease, of which gastrointestinal disturbance appears prior to motor symptoms. Numerous studies have shed light on the roles of gastrointestinal tract and its neural connection to brain in PD pathology. In the past decades, the fields of microbiology and neuroscience have become ever more entwined. The emergence of gut microbiome has been considered as one of the key regulators of gut-brain function. With the advent of multi-omics sequencing techniques, gut microbiome of PD patients has been shown unique characteristics. The resident gut microbiota can exert considerable effects in PD and there are suggestions of a link between gut microbiome dysbiosis and PD progression. In this review, we summarize the latest progresses of gut microbiome dysbiosis in PD pathogenesis, further highlight the clinical relevance of gut microbiota and its metabolites in both the non-motor and motor symptoms of PD. Furthermore, we draw attention to the complex interplay between gut microbiota and PD drugs, with the purpose of improving drug efficacy and prescription accordingly. Further studies at specific strain level and longitudinal prospective clinical trials using optimized methods are still needed for the development of diagnostic markers and novel therapeutic regimens for PD.
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Mullaney JA, Roy NC, Halliday C, Young W, Altermann E, Kruger MC, Dilger RN, McNabb WC. Effects of early postnatal life nutritional interventions on immune-microbiome interactions in the gastrointestinal tract and implications for brain development and function. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:960492. [PMID: 36504799 PMCID: PMC9726769 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.960492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The gastrointestinal (GI) microbiota has co-evolved with the host in an intricate relationship for mutual benefit, however, inappropriate development of this relationship can have detrimental effects. The developing GI microbiota plays a vital role during the first 1,000 days of postnatal life, during which occurs parallel development and maturation of the GI tract, immune system, and brain. Several factors such as mode of delivery, gestational age at birth, exposure to antibiotics, host genetics, and nutrition affect the establishment and resultant composition of the GI microbiota, and therefore play a role in shaping host development. Nutrition during the first 1,000 days is considered to have the most potential in shaping microbiota structure and function, influencing its interactions with the immune system in the GI tract and consequent impact on brain development. The importance of the microbiota-GI-brain (MGB) axis is also increasingly recognized for its importance in these developmental changes. This narrative review focuses on the importance of the GI microbiota and the impact of nutrition on MGB axis during the immune system and brain developmental period in early postnatal life of infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane A. Mullaney
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand,AgResearch, Palmerston North, New Zealand,High-Value Nutrition National Science Challenge, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Nicole C. Roy
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand,High-Value Nutrition National Science Challenge, Auckland, New Zealand,Department of Human Nutrition, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Christine Halliday
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand,AgResearch, Palmerston North, New Zealand,School of Food and Advanced Technology, College of Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Wayne Young
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand,AgResearch, Palmerston North, New Zealand,High-Value Nutrition National Science Challenge, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Eric Altermann
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand,High-Value Nutrition National Science Challenge, Auckland, New Zealand,School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Marlena C. Kruger
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Ryan N. Dilger
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Warren C. McNabb
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand,High-Value Nutrition National Science Challenge, Auckland, New Zealand,*Correspondence: Warren C. McNabb,
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Liu Y, Li Z, Sun T, He Z, Xiang H, Xiong J. Gut microbiota-generated short-chain fatty acids are involved in para-chlorophenylalanine-induced cognitive disorders. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1028913. [PMID: 36419424 PMCID: PMC9676499 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1028913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurocognitive disorders (NCDs) include complex and multifactorial diseases that affect many patients. The 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) neuron system plays an important role in NCDs. Existing studies have reported that para-chlorophenylalanine (PCPA), a 5-HT scavenger, has a negative effect on cognitive function. However, we believe that PCPA may result in NCDs through other pathways. To explore this possibility, behavioral tests were performed to evaluate the cognitive function of PCPA-treated mice, suggesting the appearance of cognitive dysfunction and depression-like behavior. Furthermore, 16S rRNA and metabolomic analyses revealed that dysbiosis and acetate alternation could be related to PCPA-induced NCDs. Our results suggest that not only 5-HT depletion but also dysbiosis and acetate alternation contributed to PCPA-related NCDs. Specifically, the latter promotes NCDs by reducing short-chain fatty acid levels. Together, these findings provide an alternative perspective on PCPA-induced NCDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanbo Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhen Li
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Tianning Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhigang He
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongbing Xiang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jun Xiong
- Hepatobiliary Surgery Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Lee D, Lee VMY, Hur SK. Manipulation of the diet-microbiota-brain axis in Alzheimer's disease. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:1042865. [PMID: 36408394 PMCID: PMC9672822 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.1042865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Several studies investigating the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease have identified various interdependent constituents contributing to the exacerbation of the disease, including Aβ plaque formation, tau protein hyperphosphorylation, neurofibrillary tangle accumulation, glial inflammation, and the eventual loss of proper neural plasticity. Recently, using various models and human patients, another key factor has been established as an influential determinant in brain homeostasis: the gut-brain axis. The implications of a rapidly aging population and the absence of a definitive cure for Alzheimer's disease have prompted a search for non-pharmaceutical tools, of which gut-modulatory therapies targeting the gut-brain axis have shown promise. Yet multiple recent studies examining changes in human gut flora in response to various probiotics and environmental factors are limited and difficult to generalize; whether the state of the gut microbiota in Alzheimer's disease is a cause of the disease, a result of the disease, or both through numerous feedback loops in the gut-brain axis, remains unclear. However, preliminary findings of longitudinal studies conducted over the past decades have highlighted dietary interventions, especially Mediterranean diets, as preventative measures for Alzheimer's disease by reversing neuroinflammation, modifying the intestinal and blood-brain barrier (BBB), and addressing gut dysbiosis. Conversely, the consumption of Western diets intensifies the progression of Alzheimer's disease through genetic alterations, impaired barrier function, and chronic inflammation. This review aims to support the growing body of experimental and clinical data highlighting specific probiotic strains and particular dietary components in preventing Alzheimer's disease via the gut-brain axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Lee
- Middleton High School, Middleton, WI, United States
| | - Virginia M-Y. Lee
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Seong Kwon Hur
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Neuroscience, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, United States
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40
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Beopoulos A, Géa M, Fasano A, Iris F. Autism spectrum disorders pathogenesis: Toward a comprehensive model based on neuroanatomic and neurodevelopment considerations. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:988735. [PMID: 36408388 PMCID: PMC9671112 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.988735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) involves alterations in neural connectivity affecting cortical network organization and excitation to inhibition ratio. It is characterized by an early increase in brain volume mediated by abnormal cortical overgrowth patterns and by increases in size, spine density, and neuron population in the amygdala and surrounding nuclei. Neuronal expansion is followed by a rapid decline from adolescence to middle age. Since no known neurobiological mechanism in human postnatal life is capable of generating large excesses of frontocortical neurons, this likely occurs due to a dysregulation of layer formation and layer-specific neuronal migration during key early stages of prenatal cerebral cortex development. This leads to the dysregulation of post-natal synaptic pruning and results in a huge variety of forms and degrees of signal-over-noise discrimination losses, accounting for ASD clinical heterogeneities, including autonomic nervous system abnormalities and comorbidities. We postulate that sudden changes in environmental conditions linked to serotonin/kynurenine supply to the developing fetus, throughout the critical GW7 - GW20 (Gestational Week) developmental window, are likely to promote ASD pathogenesis during fetal brain development. This appears to be driven by discrete alterations in differentiation and patterning mechanisms arising from in utero RNA editing, favoring vulnerability outcomes over plasticity outcomes. This paper attempts to provide a comprehensive model of the pathogenesis and progression of ASD neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alessio Fasano
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Boston, MA, United States
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Center for Celiac Research and Treatment, Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Boston, MA, United States
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The gut microbiome, mild cognitive impairment, and probiotics: A randomized clinical trial in middle-aged and older adults. Clin Nutr 2022; 41:2565-2576. [PMID: 36228569 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2022.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Advancing age coincides with changes in the gut microbiome and a decline in cognitive ability. Psychobiotics are microbiota-targeted interventions that can result in mental health benefits and protect the aging brain. This study investigated the gut microbiome composition and predicted microbial functional pathways of middle-aged and older adults that met criteria for mild cognitive impairment (MCI), compared to neurologically healthy individuals, and investigated the impact of probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial. A total of 169 community-dwelling middle-aged (52-59 years) and older adults (60-75 years) received a three-month intervention and were randomized to probiotic and placebo groups. Participants were further subdivided based on cognitive status into groups with intact or impaired cognition and samples were collected at baseline and post supplementation. RESULTS Microbiome analysis identified Prevotella ruminicola, Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, and Bacteroides xylanisolvens as taxa correlated with MCI. Differential abundance analysis at baseline identified Prevotella as significantly more prevalent in MCI subjects compared to cognitively intact subjects (ALDEx2 P = 0.0017, ANCOM-BC P = 0.0004). A decrease in the relative abundance of the genus Prevotella and Dehalobacterium in response to LGG supplementation in the MCI group was correlated with an improved cognitive score. CONCLUSIONS Our study points to specific members of the gut microbiota correlated with cognitive performance in middle-aged and older adults. Should findings be replicated, these taxa could be used as key early indicators of MCI and manipulated by probiotics, prebiotics, and symbiotics to promote successful cognitive aging. Registered under ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier no. NCT03080818.
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Jiang W, Wu J, Zhu S, Xin L, Yu C, Shen Z. The Role of Short Chain Fatty Acids in Irritable Bowel Syndrome. J Neurogastroenterol Motil 2022; 28:540-548. [PMID: 36250361 PMCID: PMC9577580 DOI: 10.5056/jnm22093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a functional gastrointestinal disorder that is characterized by abdominal pain and disordered bowel habits. The etiology of IBS is multifactorial, including abnormal gut-brain interactions, visceral hypersensitivity, altered colon motility, and psychological factors. Recent studies have shown that the intestinal microbiota and its metabolites short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) may be involved in the pathogenesis of IBS. SCFAs play an important role in the pathophysiology of IBS. We discuss the underlying mechanisms of action of SCFAs in intestinal inflammation and immunity, intestinal barrier integrity, motility, and the microbiota-gut-brain axis. Limited to previous studies, further studies are required to investigate the mechanisms of action of SCFAs in IBS and provide more precise therapeutic strategies for IBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxi Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiali Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shefeng Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Linying Xin
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chaohui Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhe Shen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Intestinal Flora Affect Alzheimer's Disease by Regulating Endogenous Hormones. Neurochem Res 2022; 47:3565-3582. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-022-03784-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Wang N, Chen W, Cui C, Zheng Y, Yu Q, Ren H, Liu Z, Xu C, Zhang G. The Peanut Skin Procyanidins Attenuate DSS-Induced Ulcerative Colitis in C57BL/6 Mice. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:2098. [PMID: 36358470 PMCID: PMC9686776 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11112098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyphenols from peanut skin have been reported to possess many beneficial functions for human health, including anti-oxidative, antibacterial, anticancer, and other activities. To date, however, its anti-inflammatory effect and the underlying mechanism remain unclear. In this study, the anti-inflammatory effect of peanut skin procyanidins extract (PSPE) and peanut skin procyanidins (PSPc) were investigated by a dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis mouse model. The results showed that both PSPE and PSPc supplementation reversed the DSS-induced body weight loss and reduced disease activity index (DAI) values, accompanied by enhanced goblet cell numbers and tight junction protein claudin-1 expression in the colon. PSPE and PSPc treatment also suppressed the inflammatory responses and oxidative stress in the colon by down-regulating IL-1β, TNF-α, and MDA expressions. Meanwhile, PSPE and PSPc significantly altered the gut microbiota composition by increasing the relative abundance of Clostridium XlVb and Anaerotruncus, and inhibiting the relative abundance of Alistipes at the genus level. PSPE and PSPc also significantly elevated the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in mice with colitis. The correlation analysis suggested that the protective effects of PSPE and PSPc on colitis might be related to the alteration of gut microbiota composition and the formation of SCFAs. In conclusion, the current research indicates that supplementation of PSPE and PSPc could be a promising nutritional strategy for colitis prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
- International Joint Research Center for Animal Immunology, Zhengzhou 450002, China
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Healthy Food of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Weixuan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Healthy Food of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou 450002, China
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Chenxu Cui
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Healthy Food of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Yuru Zheng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Healthy Food of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Qiuying Yu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
- International Joint Research Center for Animal Immunology, Zhengzhou 450002, China
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Healthy Food of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Hongtao Ren
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Healthy Food of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Zhigang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Healthy Food of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou 450002, China
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Chao Xu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Healthy Food of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Gaiping Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
- International Joint Research Center for Animal Immunology, Zhengzhou 450002, China
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45
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Turna Demir F, Demir E. Genotoxicity mechanism of food preservative propionic acid in the in vivo Drosophila model: gut damage, oxidative stress, cellular immune response and DNA damage. Toxicol Mech Methods 2022; 33:327-336. [PMID: 36253933 DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2022.2137871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Propionic acid is a short-chain fatty acid that is the main fermentation product of the enteric microbiome. It is found naturally and added to foods as a preservative and evaluated by health authorities as safe for use in foods. However, propionic acid has been reported in the literature to be associated with both health and disease. The purpose of this work is to better understand how propionic acid affects Drosophila melanogaster by examining some of the effects of this compound on the D. melanogaster hemocytes. D. melanogaster was chosen as a suitable in vivo model to detect potential risks of propionic acid (at five concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 10 mM) used as a food preservative. Toxicity, cellular immune response, intracellular oxidative stress (reactive oxygen species, ROS), gut damage, and DNA damage (via Comet assay) were the end-points evaluated. Significant genotoxic effects were detected in selected cell targets in a concentration dependent manner, especially at two highest concentrations (5 and 10 mM) of propionic acid. This study is the first study reporting genotoxicity data in the hemocytes of Drosophila larvae, emphasizing the importance of D. melanogaster as a model organism in investigating the different biological effects caused by the ingested food preservative product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Turna Demir
- Department of Medical Services and Techniques, Medical Laboratory Techniques Programme, Vocational School of Health Services, Antalya Bilim University, Dosemealti, Turkey
| | - Eşref Demir
- Department of Medical Services and Techniques, Medical Laboratory Techniques Programme, Vocational School of Health Services, Antalya Bilim University, Dosemealti, Turkey
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Deng W, Wang S, Li F, Wang F, Xing YP, Li Y, Lv Y, Ke H, Li Z, Lv PJ, Hao H, Chen Y, Xiao X. Gastrointestinal symptoms have a minor impact on autism spectrum disorder and associations with gut microbiota and short-chain fatty acids. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1000419. [PMID: 36274684 PMCID: PMC9585932 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1000419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) experience gastrointestinal (GI) issues more frequently and severely than children who are typically developing (TD). The connections between gastrointestinal problems, microbiota, and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in ASD are still being debated. We enrolled 90 children, 45 of whom were diagnosed with ASD, and examined the impact of GI disorders on ASD. The six-item GI Severity Index questionnaire was used to evaluate gastrointestinal symptoms, while the Social Responsiveness Scale was used to evaluate autism symptoms. Further, the Children’s Sleep Habits Questionnaire and the Children’s Eating Behavior Questionnaire are used to assess sleep and eating disorders in children. We assessed fecal microbiota by 16S rRNA gene sequencing, and SCFA concentrations by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. The results revealed that children with ASD exhibited a high rate of gastrointestinal issues (78%), as well as higher rates of social impairment and poor sleeping habits, compared to TD children. However, GI disturbances have a minor impact on autism. In addition, the levels of propionic acid, butyric acid, and valeric acid were significantly higher in the ASD group. Besides, the ASD, TD, and GI subgroups possessed distinct microbiome profiles. These findings suggest that gastrointestinal disturbances have no discernible effect on the core symptoms of autism. Although autism may not cause an increase in GI symptoms directly, alterations in metabolites, such as SCFAs, may cause GI symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenlin Deng
- Department of Pediatrics, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Wenlin Deng,
| | - Siqi Wang
- Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fang Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gastroenterology Endoscopy Center, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi Pei Xing
- Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongchun Li
- Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Lv
- Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haoran Ke
- Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zitong Li
- Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pin Jing Lv
- Department of Pediatrics, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hu Hao
- Department of Pediatrics, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ye Chen
- Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xin Xiao
- Department of Pediatrics, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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47
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Central and peripheral regulations mediated by short-chain fatty acids on energy homeostasis. Transl Res 2022; 248:128-150. [PMID: 35688319 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2022.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The human gut microbiota influences obesity, insulin resistance, and the subsequent development of type 2 diabetes (T2D). The gut microbiota digests and ferments nutrients resulting in the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), which generate various beneficial metabolic effects on energy and glucose homeostasis. However, their roles in the central nervous system (CNS)-mediated outputs on the metabolism have only been minimally studied. Here, we explore what is known and future directions that may be worth exploring in this emerging area. Specifically, we searched studies or data in English by using PubMed, Google Scholar, and the Human Metabolome Database. Studies were filtered by time from 1978 to March 2022. As a result, 195 studies, 53 reviews, 1 website, and 1 book were included. One hundred and sixty-five of 195 studies describe the production and metabolism of SCFAs or the effects of SCFAs on energy homeostasis, glucose balance, and mental diseases through the gut-brain axis or directly by a central pathway. Thirty of 195 studies show that inappropriate metabolism and excessive of SCFAs are metabolically detrimental. Most studies suggest that SCFAs exert beneficial metabolic effects by acting as the energy substrate in the TCA cycle, regulating the hormones related to satiety regulation and insulin secretion, and modulating immune cells and microglia. These functions have been linked with AMPK signaling, GPCRs-dependent pathways, and inhibition of histone deacetylases (HDACs). However, the studies focusing on the central effects of SCFAs are still limited. The mechanisms by which central SCFAs regulate appetite, energy expenditure, and blood glucose during different physiological conditions warrant further investigation.
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Federica R, Edda R, Daniela R, Simone B, Giulia N, Gabriele L, Marta M, Marco P, Gianluca B, Elena N, Matteo C, Serena S, Matteo R, Amedeo A, Salvatore CA. Characterization of the “gut microbiota-immunity axis” and microbial lipid metabolites in atrophic and potential celiac disease. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:886008. [PMID: 36246269 PMCID: PMC9561818 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.886008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Potential celiac disease (pCD) is characterized by genetic predisposition, positive anti-endomysial and anti-tissue transglutaminase antibodies, but a normal or almost normal jejunal mucosa (e.g., minor histological abnormalities without villous atrophy). To gain further insights into basic mechanisms involved in the development of intestinal villous atrophy, we evaluated and compared the microbial, lipid, and immunological signatures of pCD and atrophic CD (aCD). Materials and methods This study included 17 aCD patients, 10 pCD patients, and 12 healthy controls (HC). Serum samples from all participants were collected to analyze free fatty acids (FFAs). Duodenal mucosa samples of aCD and pCD patients were taken to evaluate histology, tissue microbiota composition, and mucosal immune response. Results We found no significant differences in the mucosa-associated microbiota composition of pCD and aCD patients. On the other hand, in pCD patients, the overall abundance of serum FFAs showed relevant and significant differences in comparison with aCD patients and HC. In detail, compared to HC, pCD patients displayed higher levels of propionic, butyric, valeric, 2-ethylhexanoic, tetradecanoic, hexadecanoic, and octadecanoic acids. Instead, aCD patients showed increased levels of propionic, isohexanoic, and 2-ethylhexanoic acids, and a lower abundance of isovaleric and 2-methylbutyricacids when compared to HC. In addition, compared to aCD patients, pCD patients showed a higher abundance of isobutyric and octadecanoic acid. Finally, the immunological analysis of duodenal biopsy revealed a lower percentage of CD4+ T lymphocytes in pCD infiltrate compared to that observed in aCD patients. The functional characterization of T cells documented a pro-inflammatory immune response in both aCD and pCD patients, but the pCD patients showed a higher percentage of Th0/Th17 and a lower percentage of Th1/Th17. Conclusion The results of the present study show, for the first time, that the duodenal microbiota of patients with pCD does not differ substantially from that of aCD; however, serum FFAs and local T cells displayed a distinctive profile between pCD, aCD, and HC. In conclusion, our result may help to shed new light on the “gut microbiota-immunity axis,” lipid metabolites, and duodenal immune response in overt CD and pCD patients, opening new paradigms in understanding the pathogenesis behind CD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricci Federica
- Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences “Mario Serio” University of Florence, Tuscany Regional Referral Center for Adult Celiac Disease, Florence, Italy
| | - Russo Edda
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Renzi Daniela
- Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences “Mario Serio” University of Florence, Tuscany Regional Referral Center for Adult Celiac Disease, Florence, Italy
| | - Baldi Simone
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Nannini Giulia
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Lami Gabriele
- Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences “Mario Serio” University of Florence, Tuscany Regional Referral Center for Adult Celiac Disease, Florence, Italy
| | - Menicatti Marta
- Department of Neuroscience, Pharmaceutical and Child Health Area (NEUROFARBA), Florence, Italy
| | - Pallecchi Marco
- Department of Neuroscience, Pharmaceutical and Child Health Area (NEUROFARBA), Florence, Italy
| | - Bartolucci Gianluca
- Department of Neuroscience, Pharmaceutical and Child Health Area (NEUROFARBA), Florence, Italy
| | - Niccolai Elena
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Cerboneschi Matteo
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Smeazzetto Serena
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Ramazzotti Matteo
- Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences “Mario Serio” University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Amedei Amedeo
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- *Correspondence: Amedei Amedeo,
| | - Calabrò Antonino Salvatore
- Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences “Mario Serio” University of Florence, Tuscany Regional Referral Center for Adult Celiac Disease, Florence, Italy
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Hernández-Martínez C, Canals J, Voltas N, Martín-Luján F, Arija V. Circulating Levels of Short-Chain Fatty Acids during Pregnancy and Infant Neurodevelopment. Nutrients 2022; 14:3946. [PMID: 36235606 PMCID: PMC9573109 DOI: 10.3390/nu14193946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) play a key role in the gut microbiota-brain crosstalk regulating the main neurodevelopmental processes during pregnancy. The aim of this study is to investigate the longitudinal relationship between prenatal levels of the main SCFAs in maternal serum and infant cognitive development and temperament on day 40 postpartum after adjusting for several pre-, peri- and post-natal confounders. METHODS A sample of 357 healthy mother-infant pairs were followed from the beginning of pregnancy to 40 days after birth. Serum SCFA concentrations were assessed in the first and third trimester of pregnancy by LC-MS/MS; and socio-demographic, nutritional, and psychological variables were collected. At 40 days, the Bayley Scales of Infant Development-III and the Early Infancy Temperament Questionnaire were administered. RESULTS Lower serum levels of acetic, butyric and isobutyric acid, mainly during the first trimester, were related to better language and psychomotor development and, in the case of butyric acid, better intensity behavior in infants. Medium levels of propionic acid were related to better scores for development, mood and temperament. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that in a community sample of healthy pregnant women from a Mediterranean region of northern Spain, lower serum levels of SCFAs, especially in the first trimester of pregnancy, seem to be related to better infant neurodevelopment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Hernández-Martínez
- Research Group in Nutrition and Mental Health (NUTRISAM), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43204 Reus, Spain
- Research Center for Behavioral Assessment (CRAMC), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43003 Tarragona, Spain
- Pere Virgili Institute for Health Research (IISPV), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43201 Reus, Spain
| | - Josefa Canals
- Research Group in Nutrition and Mental Health (NUTRISAM), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43204 Reus, Spain
- Research Center for Behavioral Assessment (CRAMC), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43003 Tarragona, Spain
- Pere Virgili Institute for Health Research (IISPV), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43201 Reus, Spain
| | - Núria Voltas
- Research Group in Nutrition and Mental Health (NUTRISAM), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43204 Reus, Spain
- Research Center for Behavioral Assessment (CRAMC), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43003 Tarragona, Spain
- Pere Virgili Institute for Health Research (IISPV), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43201 Reus, Spain
- Serra Húnter Fellow, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education Sciences and Psychology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Francisco Martín-Luján
- Research Support Unit Tarragona, Institut Universitari d’Investigació en Atenció Primària Jordi Gol (IDIAP JGol), 43202 Reus, Spain
| | - Victoria Arija
- Research Group in Nutrition and Mental Health (NUTRISAM), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43204 Reus, Spain
- Pere Virgili Institute for Health Research (IISPV), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43201 Reus, Spain
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50
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Dicks LMT. Gut Bacteria and Neurotransmitters. Microorganisms 2022; 10:1838. [PMID: 36144440 PMCID: PMC9504309 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10091838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Gut bacteria play an important role in the digestion of food, immune activation, and regulation of entero-endocrine signaling pathways, but also communicate with the central nervous system (CNS) through the production of specific metabolic compounds, e.g., bile acids, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), glutamate (Glu), γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), dopamine (DA), norepinephrine (NE), serotonin (5-HT) and histamine. Afferent vagus nerve (VN) fibers that transport signals from the gastro-intestinal tract (GIT) and gut microbiota to the brain are also linked to receptors in the esophagus, liver, and pancreas. In response to these stimuli, the brain sends signals back to entero-epithelial cells via efferent VN fibers. Fibers of the VN are not in direct contact with the gut wall or intestinal microbiota. Instead, signals reach the gut microbiota via 100 to 500 million neurons from the enteric nervous system (ENS) in the submucosa and myenteric plexus of the gut wall. The modulation, development, and renewal of ENS neurons are controlled by gut microbiota, especially those with the ability to produce and metabolize hormones. Signals generated by the hypothalamus reach the pituitary and adrenal glands and communicate with entero-epithelial cells via the hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis (HPA). SCFAs produced by gut bacteria adhere to free fatty acid receptors (FFARs) on the surface of intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) and interact with neurons or enter the circulatory system. Gut bacteria alter the synthesis and degradation of neurotransmitters. This review focuses on the effect that gut bacteria have on the production of neurotransmitters and vice versa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leon M T Dicks
- Department of Microbiology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa
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