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Song L, Lu H, Jiang J, Xu A, Huang Y, Huang JP, Ding PH, He F. Metabolic profiling of peri-implant crevicular fluid in peri-implantitis. Clin Oral Implants Res 2024; 35:719-728. [PMID: 38624226 DOI: 10.1111/clr.14270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTS This study aims to explore the etiology of peri-implantitis by comparing the metabolic profiles in peri-implant crevicular fluid (PICF) from patients with healthy implants (PH) and those with peri-implantitis (PI). MATERIALS AND METHODS Fifty-six patients were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. PICF samples were collected and analyzed using both non-targeted and targeted metabolomics approaches. The relationship between metabolites and clinical indices including probing depth (PD), bleeding on probing (BOP), and marginal bone loss (MBL) was examined. Additionally, submucosal microbiota was collected and analyzed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing to elucidate the association between the metabolites and microbial communities. RESULTS Significant differences in metabolic profiles were observed between the PH and PI groups, with 179 distinct metabolites identified. In the PI group, specific amino acids and fatty acids were significantly elevated compared to the PH group. Organic acids including succinic acid, fructose-6-phosphate, and glucose-6-phosphate were markedly higher in the PI group, showing positive correlations with mean PD, BOP, and MBL. Metabolites that increased in the PI group positively correlated with the presence of Porphyromonas and Treponema and negatively with Streptococcus and Haemophilus. CONCLUSIONS This study establishes a clear association between metabolic compositions and peri-implant condition, highlighting enhanced metabolite activity in peri-implantitis. These findings open avenues for further research into metabolic mechanisms of peri-implantitis and their potential therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Song
- School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Stomatology Hospital, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hongye Lu
- School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Stomatology Hospital, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jimin Jiang
- School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Stomatology Hospital, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Antian Xu
- School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Stomatology Hospital, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanli Huang
- School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Stomatology Hospital, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jia-Ping Huang
- School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Stomatology Hospital, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Pei-Hui Ding
- School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Stomatology Hospital, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fuming He
- School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Stomatology Hospital, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Haslam DE, Liang L, Guo K, Martínez-Lozano M, Pérez CM, Lee CH, Morou-Bermudez E, Clish C, Wong DTW, Manson JE, Hu FB, Stampfer MJ, Joshipura K, Bhupathiraju SN. Discovery and validation of plasma, saliva and multi-fluid plasma-saliva metabolomic scores predicting insulin resistance and diabetes progression or regression among Puerto Rican adults. Diabetologia 2024:10.1007/s00125-024-06169-6. [PMID: 38772919 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-024-06169-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Many studies have examined the relationship between plasma metabolites and type 2 diabetes progression, but few have explored saliva and multi-fluid metabolites. METHODS We used LC/MS to measure plasma (n=1051) and saliva (n=635) metabolites among Puerto Rican adults from the San Juan Overweight Adults Longitudinal Study. We used elastic net regression to identify plasma, saliva and multi-fluid plasma-saliva metabolomic scores predicting baseline HOMA-IR in a training set (n=509) and validated these scores in a testing set (n=340). We used multivariable Cox proportional hazards models to estimate HRs for the association of baseline metabolomic scores predicting insulin resistance with incident type 2 diabetes (n=54) and prediabetes (characterised by impaired glucose tolerance, impaired fasting glucose and/or high HbA1c) (n=130) at 3 years, along with regression from prediabetes to normoglycaemia (n=122), adjusting for traditional diabetes-related risk factors. RESULTS Plasma, saliva and multi-fluid plasma-saliva metabolomic scores predicting insulin resistance included highly weighted metabolites from fructose, tyrosine, lipid and amino acid metabolism. Each SD increase in the plasma (HR 1.99 [95% CI 1.18, 3.38]; p=0.01) and multi-fluid (1.80 [1.06, 3.07]; p=0.03) metabolomic scores was associated with higher risk of type 2 diabetes. The saliva metabolomic score was associated with incident prediabetes (1.48 [1.17, 1.86]; p=0.001). All three metabolomic scores were significantly associated with lower likelihood of regressing from prediabetes to normoglycaemia in models adjusting for adiposity (HRs 0.72 for plasma, 0.78 for saliva and 0.72 for multi-fluid), but associations were attenuated when adjusting for lipid and glycaemic measures. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION The plasma metabolomic score predicting insulin resistance was more strongly associated with incident type 2 diabetes than the saliva metabolomic score. Only the saliva metabolomic score was associated with incident prediabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle E Haslam
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Liming Liang
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kai Guo
- Center for Clinical Research and Health Promotion, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Marijulie Martínez-Lozano
- Center for Clinical Research and Health Promotion, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Cynthia M Pérez
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Chih-Hao Lee
- Department of Molecular Metabolism, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Evangelia Morou-Bermudez
- School of Dental Medicine, University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Clary Clish
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - David T W Wong
- Center for Oral/Head and Neck Oncology Research, School of Dentistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - JoAnn E Manson
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Frank B Hu
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Meir J Stampfer
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kaumudi Joshipura
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Clinical Research and Health Promotion, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Shilpa N Bhupathiraju
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
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Kashyap B, Kullaa A. Salivary Metabolites Produced by Oral Microbes in Oral Diseases and Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Review. Metabolites 2024; 14:277. [PMID: 38786754 PMCID: PMC11122927 DOI: 10.3390/metabo14050277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent years, salivary metabolome studies have provided new biological information and salivary biomarkers to diagnose different diseases at early stages. The saliva in the oral cavity is influenced by many factors that are reflected in the salivary metabolite profile. Oral microbes can alter the salivary metabolite profile and may express oral inflammation or oral diseases. The released microbial metabolites in the saliva represent the altered biochemical pathways in the oral cavity. This review highlights the oral microbial profile and microbial metabolites released in saliva and its use as a diagnostic biofluid for different oral diseases. The importance of salivary metabolites produced by oral microbes as risk factors for oral diseases and their possible relationship in oral carcinogenesis is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Arja Kullaa
- Institute of Dentistry, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland;
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Ploypetch S, Luo X, Zhao S, Roytrakul S, Li L, Suriyaphol G. Salivary metabolomic identification of biomarker candidates for oral melanoma and oral squamous cell carcinoma in dogs. J Vet Intern Med 2024. [PMID: 38703129 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.17092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral melanoma (OM) and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) are frequently diagnosed in dogs, presenting a challenge in distinguishing them from benign oral tumors (BN). Salivary metabolomic biomarkers offer a practical solution because of saliva's direct contact with tumors and the noninvasive nature of collection. OBJECTIVE Assess the diversity and abundance of the salivary metabolome in dogs with BN, OM, and OSCC using amine/phenol submetabolome analysis and high-performance chemical isotope labeling liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (CIL LC-MS). ANIMALS Study included 11 BN, 24 OM, 10 OSCC, and 20 healthy control dogs. METHODS Case-control cross-sectional study was conducted to assess salivary submetabolic profiles in dogs with BN, OM, and OSCC and healthy dogs. Samples were labeled with 12C-dansyl chloride and analyzed using CIL LC-MS targeted to amine- and phenol-containing metabolites for amine/phenol submetabolome analysis. RESULTS Distinct clusters and significant differences in metabolite concentrations were observed among the oral cancer, BN, and control groups. A total of 154 and 66 metabolites showed significantly altered concentrations, particularly in OM and OSCC, respectively, when compared with BN (Padj < .05). Potential metabolic biomarkers were identified for each cancer, including decreased concentrations of seryl-arginine and sarcosine in OSCC. Moreover, high-confidence putative metabolites were identified, including an increase in tryptophyl-threonine and a decrease in 1,2-dihydroxynapthalene-6-sulfonic acid and hydroxyprolyl-hydroxyproline for OM. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE We identified high coverage of the amine/phenol submetabolome, including seryl-arginine, and sarcosine, in OSCC. Our findings emphasize the potential of these biomarkers for distinguishing between oral OSCC and BN in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sekkarin Ploypetch
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Xian Luo
- The Metabolomics Innovation Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Shuang Zhao
- The Metabolomics Innovation Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Sittiruk Roytrakul
- Functional Ingredients and Food Innovation Research Group, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Liang Li
- The Metabolomics Innovation Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Gunnaporn Suriyaphol
- Biochemistry Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Center of Excellence for Companion Animal Cancer, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Abodi M, Mazzocchi A, Risé P, Marangoni F, Agostoni C, Milani GP. Salivary fatty acids in humans: a comprehensive literature review. Clin Chem Lab Med 2024; 0:cclm-2024-0177. [PMID: 38634552 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2024-0177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Fatty acids (FAs) exert diverse biological functions in humans, influencing physiological responses and, ultimately, health and disease risk. The analysis of FAs in human samples has significant implications and attracts interest in diagnostics and research. The standard method for assessing FA profiles involves the collection of blood samples, which can be inconvenient, invasive, and potentially painful, particularly for young individuals outside hospital settings. Saliva emerged as a promising alternative for evaluating FA profiles in both clinical and research settings. However, to the best of our knowledge, an updated synthesis of the related evidence is unavailable. This comprehensive review aims to summarize data on FA analysis and highlight the potential of the use of salivary FAs as a biomarker in health and disease. Over the past decade, there has been a growing interest in studying salivary FAs in chronic diseases, and more recently, researchers have explored the prognostic value of FAs in acute conditions to check the availability of a non-invasive sampling methodology. A deeper understanding of salivary FAs could have relevant implications both for healthy individuals and patients, particularly in elucidating the correlation between the dietary lipidic content and salivary FA level, Finally, it is crucial to address the standardization of the methods as the sampling, processing, and analysis of saliva are heterogeneous among studies, and limited correlation between blood FAs and salivary FAs is available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Abodi
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, 9304 University of Milan , Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandra Mazzocchi
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, 9304 University of Milan , Milan, Italy
| | - Patrizia Risé
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 9304 University of Milan , Milan, Italy
| | | | - Carlo Agostoni
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, 9304 University of Milan , Milan, Italy
- Pediatric Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Gregorio Paolo Milani
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, 9304 University of Milan , Milan, Italy
- Pediatric Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
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Linh VTN, Kim H, Lee MY, Mun J, Kim Y, Jeong BH, Park SG, Kim DH, Rho J, Jung HS. 3D plasmonic hexaplex paper sensor for label-free human saliva sensing and machine learning-assisted early-stage lung cancer screening. Biosens Bioelectron 2024; 244:115779. [PMID: 37922808 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
A label-free detection method for noninvasive biofluids enables rapid on-site disease screening and early-stage cancer diagnosis by analyzing metabolic alterations. Herein, we develop three-dimensional plasmonic hexaplex nanostructures coated on a paper substrate (3D-PHP). This flexible and highly absorptive 3D-PHP sensor is integrated with commercial saliva collection tube to create an efficient on-site sensing platform for lung cancer screening via surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) measurement of human saliva. The multispike hexaplex-shaped gold nanostructure enhances contact with saliva viscosity, enabling effective sampling and SERS enhancement. Through testing patient salivary samples, the 3D-PHP sensor demonstrates successful lung cancer detection and diagnosis. A logistic regression-based machine learning model successfully classifies benign and malignant patients, exhibiting high clinical sensitivity and specificity. Additionally, important Raman peak positions related to different lung cancer stages are investigated, suggesting insights for early-stage cancer diagnosis. Integrating 3D-PHP senor with the conventional saliva collection tube platform is expected to offer promising practicality for rapid on-site disease screening and diagnosis, and significant advancements in cancer detection and patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vo Thi Nhat Linh
- Department of Nano-Bio Convergence, Korea Institute of Materials Science (KIMS), Changwon, 51508, South Korea
| | - Hongyoon Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, South Korea
| | - Min-Young Lee
- Department of Nano-Bio Convergence, Korea Institute of Materials Science (KIMS), Changwon, 51508, South Korea
| | - Jungho Mun
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, South Korea
| | - Yeseul Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, South Korea
| | - Byeong-Ho Jeong
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, 06351, South Korea
| | - Sung-Gyu Park
- Department of Nano-Bio Convergence, Korea Institute of Materials Science (KIMS), Changwon, 51508, South Korea
| | - Dong-Ho Kim
- Department of Nano-Bio Convergence, Korea Institute of Materials Science (KIMS), Changwon, 51508, South Korea; Advanced Materials Engineering Division, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34113, South Korea.
| | - Junsuk Rho
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, South Korea; Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, South Korea; POSCO-POSTECH-RIST Convergence Research Center for Flat Optics and Metaphotonics, Pohang, 37673, South Korea.
| | - Ho Sang Jung
- Department of Nano-Bio Convergence, Korea Institute of Materials Science (KIMS), Changwon, 51508, South Korea; Advanced Materials Engineering Division, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34113, South Korea; School of Convergence Science and Technology, Medical Science and Engineering, POSTECH, Pohang, 37673, South Korea.
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Salminen A, Määttä A, Mäntylä P, Leskelä J, Pietiäinen M, Buhlin K, Suominen A, Paju S, Sattler W, Sinisalo J, Pussinen P. Systemic Metabolic Signatures of Oral Diseases. J Dent Res 2024; 103:13-21. [PMID: 37968796 PMCID: PMC10734208 DOI: 10.1177/00220345231203562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Systemic metabolic signatures of oral diseases have been rarely investigated, and prospective studies do not exist. We analyzed whether signs of current or past infectious/inflammatory oral diseases are associated with circulating metabolites. Two study populations were included: the population-based Health-2000 (n = 6,229) and Parogene (n = 452), a cohort of patients with an indication to coronary angiography. Health-2000 participants (n = 4,116) provided follow-up serum samples 11 y after the baseline. Serum concentrations of 157 metabolites were determined with a nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy-based method. The associations between oral parameters and metabolite concentrations were analyzed using linear regression models adjusted for age, sex, number of teeth, smoking, presence of diabetes, and education (in Health-2000 only). The number of decayed teeth presented positive associations with low-density lipoprotein diameter and the concentrations of pyruvate and citrate. Negative associations were found between caries and the unsaturation degree of fatty acids (FA) and relative proportions of docosahexaenoic and omega-3 FAs. The number of root canal fillings was positively associated with very low-density lipoprotein parameters, such as diameter, cholesterol, triglycerides, and number of particles. Deepened periodontal pockets were positively associated with concentrations of cholesterol, triglycerides, pyruvate, leucine, valine, phenylalanine, and glycoprotein acetyls and negatively associated with high-density lipoprotein (HDL) diameter, FA unsaturation degree, and relative proportions of omega-6 and polyunsaturated FAs. Bleeding on probing (BOP) was associated with increased concentrations of triglycerides and glycoprotein acetyls, as well as decreased proportions of omega-3 and omega-6 FAs. Caries at baseline predicted alterations in apolipoprotein B-containing lipoproteins and HDL-related metabolites in the follow-up, and both caries and BOP were associated with changes in HDL-related metabolites and omega-3 FAs in the follow-up. Signs of current or past infectious/inflammatory oral diseases, especially periodontitis, were associated with metabolic profiles typical for inflammation. Oral diseases may represent a modifiable risk factor for systemic chronic inflammation and thus cardiometabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Salminen
- Oral and Maxillofacial diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - A.M. Määttä
- Oral and Maxillofacial diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - P. Mäntylä
- Institute of Dentistry, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Odontology Education, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - J. Leskelä
- Oral and Maxillofacial diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - M. Pietiäinen
- Oral and Maxillofacial diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - K. Buhlin
- Oral and Maxillofacial diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - A.L. Suominen
- Institute of Dentistry, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Odontology Education, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - S. Paju
- Oral and Maxillofacial diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - W. Sattler
- Division of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - J. Sinisalo
- HUCH Heart and Lung Center, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - P.J. Pussinen
- Oral and Maxillofacial diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Institute of Dentistry, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
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Giebułtowicz J, Grabicová K, Brooks BW, Grabic R. Influence of time-dependent sampling on the plasma metabolome and exposome of fish collected from an effluent-dependent pond. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 906:167446. [PMID: 37778561 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Metabolomics is increasingly recognized as a useful approach to characterize environmental pollution gradients. While the performance of analytical procedures must be validated and documented, many studies only briefly describe sampling and sample storage. Here we advance our recent study on the influences of sampling delay and holding media on contaminants of emerging concern in fish plasma by targeted analysis. We specifically examined the metabolome and exposome of common carp under three conditions: plasma sampled immediately after field collection (t = 0 h) and then after 3 h (t = 3 h) or 20 h (t = 20 h) of holding fish in lab water. Plasma samples were analyzed using reversed-phase and HILIC chromatography with mass spectrometric detection. 6143 of the 12,904 compounds (after clustering features) varied among the groups. We observed different metabolite variation patterns depending on the sample collection time. We also identified several xenobiotics (2-Ethylhexyl sulfate, 6-Chloro-5-methyl-1H-benzotriazole) at concentrations generally found at the highest levels in plasma sampled immediately after field collection (t = 0 h). Both the metabolome and the exposome changed rapidly in fish plasma with a time lag, which indicates that obtaining relevant results is complicated by fish-holding conditions. We further identified that non-lethal, relatively low-volume blood sample collection was sufficient with this species, which presents ethical and practical advantages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Giebułtowicz
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zátiší 728/II, CZ-389 25 Vodňany, Czech Republic; Medical University of Warsaw, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Drug Chemistry, Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis, Banacha, PL-02-097 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Kateřina Grabicová
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zátiší 728/II, CZ-389 25 Vodňany, Czech Republic
| | - Bryan W Brooks
- Department of Environmental Science, Institute of Biomedical Studies, Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, USA
| | - Roman Grabic
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zátiší 728/II, CZ-389 25 Vodňany, Czech Republic
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Alexakou E, Bakopoulou A, Apatzidou DA, Kritis A, Malousi A, Anastassiadou V. Biological Effects of "Inflammageing" on Human Oral Cells: Insights into a Potential Confounder of Age-Related Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:5. [PMID: 38203178 PMCID: PMC10778866 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The term "inflammageing" describes the process of inflammation-induced aging that leads living cells to a state of permanent cell cycle arrest due to chronic antigenic irritation. This in vitro study aimed to shed light on the mechanisms of "inflammageing" on human oral cells. METHODS Primary cultures of human gingival fibroblasts (hGFs) were exposed to variable pro-inflammatory stimuli, including lipopolysaccharide (LPS), Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNFa), and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) collected from active periodontal pockets of systemically healthy patients. Inflammageing was studied through two experimental models, employing either late-passage ("aged") cells (p. 10) that were exposed to the pro-inflammatory stimuli or early-passage ("young") cells (p. 1) continuously exposed during a period of several passages (up to p. 10) to the above-mentioned stimuli. Cells were evaluated for the expression of beta-galactosidase activity (histochemical staining), senescence-associated genes (qPCR analysis), and biomarkers related to a Senescence-Associated Secretory Phenotype (SASP), through proteome profile analysis and bioinformatics. RESULTS A significant increase (p < 0.05) in beta-galactosidase-positive cells was observed after exposure to each pro-inflammatory stimulus. The senescence-associated gene expression included upregulation for CCND1 and downregulation for SUSD6, and STAG1, a profile typical for cellular senescence. Overall, pro-inflammatory priming of late-passage cells caused more pronounced effects in terms of senescence than long-term exposure of early-passage cells to these stimuli. Proteomic analysis showed induction of SASP, evidenced by upregulation of several pro-inflammatory proteins (IL-6, IL-10, IL-16, IP-10, MCP-1, MCP-2, M-CSF, MIP-1a, MIP-1b, TNFb, sTNF-RI, sTNF-RII, TIMP-2) implicated in cellular aging and immune responses. The least potent impact on the induction of SASP was provoked by LPS and the most pronounced by GCF. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that long-term exposure of hGFs to various pro-inflammatory signals induced or accelerated cellular senescence with the most pronounced impact noted for the late-passage cells. The outcome of these analyses provides insights into oral chronic inflammation as a potential confounder of age-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elli Alexakou
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (A.U.TH.), 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (E.A.); (V.A.)
| | - Athina Bakopoulou
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (A.U.TH.), 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (E.A.); (V.A.)
| | - Danae A. Apatzidou
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology & Implant Biology, School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (A.U.TH.), 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Aristeidis Kritis
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (A.U.TH.), 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
- Regenerative Medicine Center, Basic and Translational Research Unit (BTRU) of Special Unit for Biomedical Research and Education (BRESU), Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Andigoni Malousi
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (A.U.TH.), 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Vassiliki Anastassiadou
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (A.U.TH.), 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (E.A.); (V.A.)
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10
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Zheng Q, Li W, Zhang Y, Liu X, Fu Y, Luo S, Deng X, Zeng C. Circulating Metabolites and Dental Traits: A Mendelian Randomization Study. J Dent Res 2023; 102:1460-1467. [PMID: 37864545 DOI: 10.1177/00220345231196536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2023] Open
Abstract
It is of great importance to uncover causal biomarkers to gain insight into the pathogenesis of oral diseases and identify novel treatment targets for prevention and treatment thereof. This study aimed to systematically evaluate the causal effects of hundreds of metabolites on 10 dental traits using a 2-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) approach. Genetic variants from genome-wide association studies of 309 known metabolites were used as instrumental variables. We selected 10 dental traits, including clinical measures of dental diseases, from the Gene-Lifestyle Interactions in Dental Endpoints Consortium and self-reported oral health data from the UK Biobank. The causal relationships between metabolites and dental traits were inferred using the inverse variance-weighted approach and further controlled for horizontal pleiotropy using 5 additional MR methods. After correcting for multiple tests, 5 metabolites were identified as causal biomarkers. Genetically predicted increased levels of mannose were associated with lower risk of bleeding gums (odds ratio [OR] = 0.72; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.61-0.85; P = 9.9 × 10-5). MR also indicated 4 metabolites on the causal pathway to dentures, with fructose (OR = 0.50; 95% CI, 0.36-0.70; P = 5.2 × 10-5) and 1-palmitoleoyl-glycerophosphocholine (OR = 0.67; 95% CI, 0.56-0.81; P = 4.8 × 10-5) as potential protective factors and glycine (OR = 1.22; 95% CI, 1.11-1.35; P = 5.6×10-5) and 1,5-anhydroglucitol (OR = 1.32; 95% CI, 1.14-1.52; P = 1.5 × 10-4) as risk factors. The causal associations were robust in various sensitivity analyses. We further observed some shared metabolites among different dental traits, implying similar biological mechanisms underlying the pathogenic processes. Finally, the pathway analysis revealed several significant metabolic pathways that may be involved in the development of dental disorders. Our study provides novel insights into the combination of metabolomics and genomics to reveal the pathogenesis of and therapeutic strategies for dental disorders. It highlighted 5 metabolites and several pathways as causal candidates, warranting further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q Zheng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, China
| | - W Li
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Department of Geriatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Dental Material, National Medical Products Administration, Beijing, China
- Institute of Medical Technology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Y Zhang
- Henan Academy of Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - X Liu
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Department of Geriatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Dental Material, National Medical Products Administration, Beijing, China
- Central Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Y Fu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Hebei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Hebei Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - S Luo
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Department of Geriatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - X Deng
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Department of Geriatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Dental Material, National Medical Products Administration, Beijing, China
| | - C Zeng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, China
- Henan Academy of Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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11
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Zürcher C, Humpel C. Saliva: a challenging human fluid to diagnose brain disorders with a focus on Alzheimer's disease. Neural Regen Res 2023; 18:2606-2610. [PMID: 37449596 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.373675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Biomarkers are molecules of biological processes that help in both the diagnosis of human diseases and in follow-up assessments of therapeutic responses. Biomarkers can be measured in many human fluids, such as blood, cerebrospinal fluid, urine, and saliva. The -omics methods (genomics, RNomics, proteomics, and metabolomics) are useful at measuring thousands of markers in a small volume. Saliva is a human fluid that is easily accessible, without any ethical concerns. Yet, saliva remains unexplored in regard to many human disease biomarkers. In this review, we will give an overview on saliva and how it can be influenced by exogenous factors. As we focus on the potential use of saliva as a diagnostic tool in brain disorders (especially Alzheimer's disease), we will cover how saliva is linked to the brain. We will discuss that saliva is a heterogeneous human fluid, yet useful for the discovery of biomarkers in human disorders. However, a procedure and consensus that is controlled, validated, and standardized for the collection and processing of saliva is required, followed by a highly sensitive diagnostic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Zürcher
- University Hospital for Restorative Dentistry and Periodontology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Christian Humpel
- Laboratory of Psychiatry & Experimental Alzheimer's Research, Department of Psychiatry I, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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12
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Bordbar MM, Hosseini MS, Sheini A, Safaei E, Halabian R, Daryanavard SM, Samadinia H, Bagheri H. Monitoring saliva compositions for non-invasive detection of diabetes using a colorimetric-based multiple sensor. Sci Rep 2023; 13:16174. [PMID: 37758789 PMCID: PMC10533566 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-43262-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The increasing population of diabetic patients, especially in developing countries, has posed a serious risk to the health sector, so that the lack of timely diagnosis and treatment process of diabetes can lead to threatening complications for the human lifestyle. Here, a multiple sensor was fabricated on a paper substrate for rapid detection and controlling the progress of the diabetes disease. The proposed sensor utilized the sensing ability of porphyrazines, pH-sensitive dyes and silver nanoparticles in order to detect the differences in saliva composition of diabetic and non-diabetic patients. A unique color map (sensor response) was obtained for each studied group, which can be monitored by a scanner. Moreover, a good correlation was observed between the colorimetric response resulting from the analysis of salivary composition and the fasting blood glucose (FBG) value measured by standard laboratory instruments. It was also possible to classify participants into two groups, including patients caused by diabetes and those were non-diabetic persons with a total accuracy of 88.9%. Statistical evaluations show that the multiple sensor can be employed as an effective and non-invasive device for continuous monitoring of diabetes, substantially in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Mahdi Bordbar
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahboobeh Sadat Hosseini
- Health Research Center, Lifestyle Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azarmidokht Sheini
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Shohadaye Hoveizeh Campus of Technology, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Dashte Azadegan, Khuzestan, Iran
| | - Elham Safaei
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Raheleh Halabian
- Applied Microbiology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poising Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Hosein Samadinia
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hasan Bagheri
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Research Center for Health Management in Mass Gathering, Red Crescent Society of the Islamic Republic of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
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13
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Ichigaya N, Kawanishi N, Adachi T, Sugimoto M, Kimoto K, Hoshi N. Effects of Denture Treatment on Salivary Metabolites: A Pilot Study. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13959. [PMID: 37762262 PMCID: PMC10531179 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241813959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Symptoms of oral discomfort such as dry mouth are common in older people wearing dentures. Such symptoms are mainly treated symptomatically. Many of these symptoms are related to saliva, and associations with salivary volume have been reported. Although denture treatment improves symptoms by increasing the amount of saliva, the effects on salivary components remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the effects of denture treatment on salivary metabolite changes based on salivary metabolome analyses. We enrolled 21 patients requiring denture treatment. At the first visit, and after completion of denture treatment, saliva outflow was measured under resting and stimulated conditions, samples for salivary metabolite analysis were collected, and masticatory efficiency was tested. In all participants, masticatory efficiency increased after denture treatment. Moreover, the amounts of resting and stimulated saliva were increased. Using salivary metabolome analysis, 61 salivary metabolites were detected. Substantial concentration changes were observed for 4 and 21 metabolites in resting and stimulated saliva, respectively. The four metabolites common to both saliva tests had significantly lower concentrations after treatment. These results suggest that the improvement in masticatory function by dentures is related not only to salivary secretion volume, but also to salivary metabolite composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narumi Ichigaya
- Department of Fixed Prosthodontics, Kanagawa Dental University, Yokosuka 238-8580, Japan; (N.I.); (N.K.); (T.A.); (K.K.)
| | - Norishige Kawanishi
- Department of Fixed Prosthodontics, Kanagawa Dental University, Yokosuka 238-8580, Japan; (N.I.); (N.K.); (T.A.); (K.K.)
| | - Takuya Adachi
- Department of Fixed Prosthodontics, Kanagawa Dental University, Yokosuka 238-8580, Japan; (N.I.); (N.K.); (T.A.); (K.K.)
| | - Masahiro Sugimoto
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Tokyo Medical University, Shinjuku 160-8402, Japan;
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka 997-0052, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Kimoto
- Department of Fixed Prosthodontics, Kanagawa Dental University, Yokosuka 238-8580, Japan; (N.I.); (N.K.); (T.A.); (K.K.)
| | - Noriyuki Hoshi
- Department of Fixed Prosthodontics, Kanagawa Dental University, Yokosuka 238-8580, Japan; (N.I.); (N.K.); (T.A.); (K.K.)
- Department of Education Planning, Kanagawa Dental University, Yokosuka 238-8580, Japan
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14
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India Aldana S, Valvi D, Joshi A, Lucchini RG, Placidi D, Petrick L, Horton M, Niedzwiecki M, Colicino E. Salivary Metabolomic Signatures and Body Mass Index in Italian Adolescents: A Pilot Study. J Endocr Soc 2023; 7:bvad091. [PMID: 37457847 PMCID: PMC10341611 DOI: 10.1210/jendso/bvad091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Context Obesity surveillance is scarce in adolescents, and little is known on whether salivary metabolomics data, emerging minimally invasive biomarkers, can characterize metabolic patterns associated with overweight or obesity in adolescents. Objective This pilot study aims to identify the salivary molecular signatures associated with body mass index (BMI) in Italian adolescents. Methods Saliva samples and BMI were collected in a subset of n = 74 young adolescents enrolled in the Public Health Impact of Metal Exposure study (2007-2014). A total of 217 untargeted metabolites were identified using liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry. Robust linear regression was used to cross-sectionally determine associations between metabolomic signatures and sex-specific BMI-for-age z-scores (z-BMI). Results Nearly 35% of the adolescents (median age: 12 years; 51% females) were either obese or overweight. A higher z-BMI was observed in males compared to females (P = .02). One nucleoside (deoxyadenosine) and 2 lipids (18:0-18:2 phosphatidylcholine and dipalmitoyl-phosphoethanolamine) were negatively related to z-BMI (P < .05), whereas 2 benzenoids (3-hydroxyanthranilic acid and a phthalate metabolite) were positively associated with z-BMI (P < .05). In males, several metabolites including deoxyadenosine, as well as deoxycarnitine, hyodeoxycholic acid, N-methylglutamic acid, bisphenol P, and trigonelline were downregulated, while 3 metabolites (3-hydroxyanthranilic acid, theobromine/theophylline/paraxanthine, and alanine) were upregulated in relation to z-BMI (P < .05). In females, deoxyadenosine and dipalmitoyl-phosphoethanolamine were negatively associated with z-BMI while deoxycarnitine and a phthalate metabolite were positively associated (P < .05). A single energy-related pathway was enriched in the identified associations in females (carnitine synthesis, P = .04). Conclusion Salivary metabolites involved in nucleotide, lipid, and energy metabolism were primarily altered in relation to BMI in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra India Aldana
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Damaskini Valvi
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Anu Joshi
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Roberto G Lucchini
- Department of Medical Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, 25121 Brescia, Italy
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Donatella Placidi
- Department of Medical Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, 25121 Brescia, Italy
| | - Lauren Petrick
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Megan Horton
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Megan Niedzwiecki
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Elena Colicino
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
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15
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Saliva Metabolomic Profile in Dental Medicine Research: A Narrative Review. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13030379. [PMID: 36984819 PMCID: PMC10052075 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13030379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolomic research tends to increase in popularity over the years, leading to the identification of new biomarkers related to specific health disorders. Saliva is one of the most newly introduced and systematically developed biofluids in the human body that can serve as an informative substance in the metabolomic profiling armamentarium. This review aims to analyze the current knowledge regarding the human salivary metabolome, its alterations due to physiological, environmental and external factors, as well as the limitations and drawbacks presented in the most recent research conducted, focusing on pre—analytical and analytical workflows. Furthermore, the use of the saliva metabolomic profile as a promising biomarker for several oral pathologies, such as oral cancer and periodontitis will be investigated.
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16
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Cena JA, Reis LG, de Lima AKA, Vieira Lima CP, Stefani CM, Dame-Teixeira N. Enrichment of Acid-Associated Microbiota in the Saliva of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Adults: A Systematic Review. Pathogens 2023; 12:pathogens12030404. [PMID: 36986326 PMCID: PMC10051551 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12030404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
It could conceivably be hypothesized that a link exists between an altered microbiota due to local hyperglycemia and the increased risk of caries in diabetes mellitus (DM). This systematic review aimed to perform a cross-study comparison into the salivary microbiota of adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) compared to adults without T2D, particularly focusing on the abundance of acid-associated bacteria. This report follows PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses). Studies using next-generation sequencing and other molecular techniques are included. The methodological quality of individual studies was assessed using appropriate Joanna Briggs Institute tools. The certainty of the evidence considering the effect direction was evaluated using the GRADE approach. From 2060 titles retrieved, 12 were included in the data synthesis, totalling 873 individuals with T2D and controls evaluated across the literature. Weighted averages of blood glucose levels (HbA1c—fasting blood glucose) were 8.21%—172.14 mg/dL and 5.12%—84.53 mg/dL for T2D and controls, respectively. In most studies, the relative abundance of acidogenic and aciduric bacteria was higher in diabetics when compared to their normoglycaemic controls. Whilst the evidence certainty was very low, there was a consistent Proteobacteria depletion and Firmicutes enrichment in T2D. As for the acid-associated genera, there was consistent enrichment of Lactobacillus and Veillonela for T2D. Tannerella/T. forsythia was enriched in T2D saliva, but the certainty is low. Further well-designed cohorts are needed to clarify the distribution of acid-associated microorganisms in the saliva of adults with T2D and how this can be clinically manifested (PROSPERO = CRD42021264350).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jéssica Alves Cena
- Department of Dentistry, School of Health Sciences, University of Brasília, Federal District, Brasília 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Letícia Gonçalves Reis
- Department of Dentistry, School of Health Sciences, University of Brasília, Federal District, Brasília 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Ana Karolina Almeida de Lima
- Department of Dentistry, School of Health Sciences, University of Brasília, Federal District, Brasília 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Camilla Pedrosa Vieira Lima
- Department of Dentistry, School of Health Sciences, University of Brasília, Federal District, Brasília 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Cristine Miron Stefani
- Department of Dentistry, School of Health Sciences, University of Brasília, Federal District, Brasília 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Naile Dame-Teixeira
- Department of Dentistry, School of Health Sciences, University of Brasília, Federal District, Brasília 70910-900, Brazil
- Division of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, University of Leeds, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-(61)-31071802
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17
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Moreau C, El Habnouni C, Lecron JC, Morel F, Delwail A, Le Gall-Ianotto C, Le Garrec R, Misery L, Piver E, Vaillant L, Lefevre A, Emond P, Blasco H, Samimi M. Salivary metabolome indicates a shift in tyrosine metabolism in patients with burning mouth syndrome: a prospective case-control study. Pain 2023; 164:e144-e156. [PMID: 35916738 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT The pathophysiology of primary burning mouth syndrome (BMS) remains controversial. Targeted analyses or "omics" approach of saliva provide diagnostic or pathophysiological biomarkers. This pilot study's primary objective was to explore the pathophysiology of BMS through a comparative analysis of the salivary metabolome among 26 BMS female cases and 25 age- and sex-matched control subjects. Secondary objectives included comparative analyses of inflammatory cytokines, neuroinflammatory markers, and steroid hormones among cases and control subjects, and among BMS patients according to their clinical characteristics. Salivary metabolome, neuroinflammatory markers, cytokines, and steroids were, respectively, analysed by liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry, ELISA and protease activity assay, and multiparametric Luminex method. Among the 166 detected metabolites, univariate analysis did not find any discriminant metabolite between groups. Supervised multivariate analysis divided patients into 2 groups with an accuracy of 60% but did not allow significant discrimination (permutation test, P = 0.35). Among the metabolites contributing to the model, 3 belonging to the tyrosine pathway ( l -dopa, l -tyrosine, and tyramine) were involved in the discrimination between cases and control subjects, and among BMS patients according to their levels of pain. Among the detectable molecules, levels of cytokines, steroid hormones, and neuroinflammatory markers did not differ between cases and control subjects and were not associated with characteristics of BMS patients. These results do not support the involvement of steroid hormones, inflammatory cytokines, or inflammatory neurogenic mediators in the pathophysiology of pain in BMS, whereas the observed shift in tyrosine metabolism may indicate an adaptative response to chronic pain or an impaired dopaminergic transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Moreau
- University François Rabelais, Tours, France
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Tours, Tours Cedex, France
| | - Chakib El Habnouni
- University François Rabelais, Tours, France
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Tours, Tours Cedex, France
| | - Jean-Claude Lecron
- Laboratory Inflammation, Tissus Epithéliaux et Cytokines, Poitiers University and Immunology/inflammation Laboratory, Poitiers University Hospital, Poitiers, France
| | - Franck Morel
- Laboratory Inflammation, Tissus Epithéliaux et Cytokines, Poitiers University and Immunology/inflammation Laboratory, Poitiers University Hospital, Poitiers, France
| | - Adriana Delwail
- ImageUP, Plate-forme d'Imagerie and Laboratoire Signalisation et Transport Ioniques Membranaires ERL CNRS 7003/EA 7349, Poitiers University, Poitiers, France
| | | | - Raphaele Le Garrec
- Univ Brest, LIEN (Laboratoire Interactions Epithelium Neurones), Brest, France
| | - Laurent Misery
- Univ Brest, LIEN (Laboratoire Interactions Epithelium Neurones), Brest, France
| | - Eric Piver
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University Hospital of Tours, Tours Cedex, France
- Inserm UMR 1259-Morphogenèse et antigénicité du VIH et des virus des hépatites (MAVIVH)
| | - Loïc Vaillant
- University François Rabelais, Tours, France
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Tours, Tours Cedex, France
| | | | - Patrick Emond
- UMR 1253 iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm, Tours, France
- Department of In Vitro Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Tours, Tours Cedex, France
| | - Hélène Blasco
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University Hospital of Tours, Tours Cedex, France
- UMR 1253 iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm, Tours, France
| | - Mahtab Samimi
- University François Rabelais, Tours, France
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Tours, Tours Cedex, France
- BIP, 1282 INRA University of Tours, Tours, France
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18
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Islam SR, Prusty D, Maiti S, Dutta R, Chattopadhyay P, Manna SK. Effect of short-term use of FFP2 (N95) masks on the salivary metabolome of young healthy volunteers: a pilot study. Mol Omics 2023. [PMID: 36846883 DOI: 10.1039/d2mo00232a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The use of face masks has become an integral part of public life in the post-pandemic era. However, the understanding of the effect of wearing masks on physiology remains incomplete and is required for informing public health policies. For the first time, we report the effects of wearing FFP2 masks on the metabolic composition of saliva, a proximal matrix to breath, along with cardiopulmonary parameters. Un-induced saliva was collected from young (31.2 ± 6.3 years) healthy volunteers (n = 10) before and after wearing FFP2 (N95) masks for 30 minutes and analyzed using GCMS. The results showed that such short-term mask use did not cause any significant change in heart rate, pulse rate or SpO2. Three independent data normalization approaches were used to analyze the changes in metabolomic signature. The individuality of the overall salivary metabotype was found to be unaffected by mask use. However, a trend of an increase in the salivary abundance of L-fucose, 5-aminovaleric acid, putrescine and phloretic acid was indicated irrespective of the method of data normalization. Quantitative analysis confirmed increases in concentrations of these metabolites in saliva of paired samples amid high inter-individual variability. The results showed that while there was no significant change in measured physiological parameters and individual salivary metabotypes, mask use was associated with correlated changes in these metabolites plausibly originating from altered microbial metabolic activity. These results might also explain the change in odour perception reported to be associated with mask use. Potential implications of these changes on mucosal health and immunity warrants further investigation to evolve more prudent mask use policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sk Ramiz Islam
- Biophysics and Structural Genomics Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Sector 1, AF Block, Bidhan Nagar, Kolkata, West Bengal 700064, India. .,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - Debasish Prusty
- Biophysics and Structural Genomics Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Sector 1, AF Block, Bidhan Nagar, Kolkata, West Bengal 700064, India. .,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - Subhadip Maiti
- Biophysics and Structural Genomics Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Sector 1, AF Block, Bidhan Nagar, Kolkata, West Bengal 700064, India. .,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - Raju Dutta
- Biophysics and Structural Genomics Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Sector 1, AF Block, Bidhan Nagar, Kolkata, West Bengal 700064, India. .,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - Partha Chattopadhyay
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Sagore Dutta Hospital, Kolkata, India
| | - Soumen Kanti Manna
- Biophysics and Structural Genomics Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Sector 1, AF Block, Bidhan Nagar, Kolkata, West Bengal 700064, India. .,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai 400094, India
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Li Y, Qian F, Cheng X, Wang D, Wang Y, Pan Y, Chen L, Wang W, Tian Y. Dysbiosis of Oral Microbiota and Metabolite Profiles Associated with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0379622. [PMID: 36625596 PMCID: PMC9927158 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03796-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Several previous studies have shown that oral microbial disorders may be closely related to the occurrence and development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, whether the function of oral microorganisms and their metabolites have changed in patients with T2DM who have not suffered from any oral diseases has not been reported. We performed metagenomic analyses and nontargeted metabolic analysis of saliva and supragingival plaque samples from patients with T2DM who have not suffered any oral diseases and normal controls. We found that periodontal pathogens such as Porphyromonas gingivalis and Prevotella melaninogenica were significantly enriched, while the abundances of dental caries pathogens such as Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus were not significantly different in patients with T2DM compared to those in normal controls. Metabolomic analyses showed that the salivary levels of cadaverine and L-(+)-leucine of patients with T2DM were significantly higher than those of normal controls, while the supragingival plaque levels of N-acetyldopamine and 3,4-dimethylbenzoic acid in patients with T2DM were significantly higher than those in the normal controls. Additionally, we identified the types of oral microorganisms related to the changes in the levels of circulating metabolites, and the oral microorganisms were involved in the dysregulation of harmful metabolites such as cadaverine and n, n-dimethylarginine. Overall, our study first described the changes in the composition of oral microorganisms and their metabolites in patients with T2DM who have not suffered any oral diseases, which will provide a direct basis for finding oral biomarkers for early warning of oral diseases in T2DM. IMPORTANCE The incidence of oral diseases in type 2 diabetic patients might increase, and the severity might also be more serious. At present, the relationship between oral microorganisms and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has become a hot topic in systemic health research. However, whether the function of oral microorganisms and their metabolites have changed in patients with T2DM who have not suffered from any oral diseases has not been reported. We found that even if the oral condition of T2DM is healthy, their oral microbes and metabolites have changed, thus increasing the risk of periodontal disease. Our study first described the changes in the composition of oral microorganisms and their metabolites in T2DM who have not suffered any oral diseases and revealed the correlation between oral microorganisms and their metabolites, which will provide a direct basis for finding oral biomarkers for early warning of oral diseases in patients with T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujiao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, School of Stomatology, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fei Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaogang Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, School of Stomatology, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, School of Stomatology, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yirong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, School of Stomatology, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yating Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, School of Stomatology, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liyuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, School of Stomatology, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, School of Stomatology, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, School of Stomatology, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
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20
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Squara S, Manig F, Henle T, Hellwig M, Caratti A, Bicchi C, Reichenbach SE, Tao Q, Collino M, Cordero C. Extending the breadth of saliva metabolome fingerprinting by smart template strategies and effective pattern realignment on comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatographic data. Anal Bioanal Chem 2023; 415:2493-2509. [PMID: 36631574 PMCID: PMC10149478 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-023-04516-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography with time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC × GC-TOFMS) is one the most powerful analytical platforms for chemical investigations of complex biological samples. It produces large datasets that are rich in information, but highly complex, and its consistency may be affected by random systemic fluctuations and/or changes in the experimental parameters. This study details the optimization of a data processing strategy that compensates for severe 2D pattern misalignments and detector response fluctuations for saliva samples analyzed across 2 years. The strategy was trained on two batches: one with samples from healthy subjects who had undergone dietary intervention with high/low-Maillard reaction products (dataset A), and the second from healthy/unhealthy obese individuals (dataset B). The combined untargeted and targeted pattern recognition algorithm (i.e., UT fingerprinting) was tuned for key process parameters, the signal-to-noise ratio (S/N), and MS spectrum similarity thresholds, and then tested for the best transform function (global or local, affine or low-degree polynomial) for pattern realignment in the temporal domain. Reliable peak detection achieved its best performance, computed as % of false negative/positive matches, with a S/N threshold of 50 and spectral similarity direct match factor (DMF) of 700. Cross-alignment of bi-dimensional (2D) peaks in the temporal domain was fully effective with a supervised operation including multiple centroids (reference peaks) and a match-and-transform strategy using affine functions. Regarding the performance-derived response fluctuations, the most promising strategy for cross-comparative analysis and data fusion included the mass spectral total useful signal (MSTUS) approach followed by Z-score normalization on the resulting matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Squara
- Dipartimento Di Scienza E Tecnologia del Farmaco, Università Degli Studi Di Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 9, 10125, Turin, Italy
| | - Friederike Manig
- Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Thomas Henle
- Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael Hellwig
- Special Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Andrea Caratti
- Dipartimento Di Scienza E Tecnologia del Farmaco, Università Degli Studi Di Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 9, 10125, Turin, Italy
| | - Carlo Bicchi
- Dipartimento Di Scienza E Tecnologia del Farmaco, Università Degli Studi Di Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 9, 10125, Turin, Italy
| | - Stephen E Reichenbach
- Computer Science and Engineering Department, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, USA.,GC Image LLC, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | | | - Massimo Collino
- Dipartimento Di Neuroscienze "Rita Levi Montalcini", University of Turin, Turin, Italy.
| | - Chiara Cordero
- Dipartimento Di Scienza E Tecnologia del Farmaco, Università Degli Studi Di Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 9, 10125, Turin, Italy.
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21
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Fraser D, Ganesan SM. Microbiome, alveolar bone, and metabolites: Connecting the dots. FRONTIERS IN DENTAL MEDICINE 2023. [DOI: 10.3389/fdmed.2022.1074339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The oral microbiome (OM) is a diverse and dynamic collection of species, separated from alveolar bone by the oral mucosa. Pathogenic shifts in the OM (dysbiosis) during periodontitis are associated with an inflammatory response in the oral mucosa that drives alveolar bone resorption. Alveolar bone is also affected by metabolic disorders such as osteoporosis. Accumulating evidence has linked another microbial community, the gut microbiome (GM), to systemic bone metabolism and osteoporosis. Underlying this connection is the biologic activity of metabolites, byproducts of host and bacterial activity. Limited evidence also suggests that metabolites in the oral cavity signal between the OM and immune system, influencing both alveolar bone homeostasis and pathologic bone destruction in periodontitis. While the oral cavity and gut are connected through the gastrointestinal tract, dissimilar roles for known metabolites between these two niches exemplify the difficulty in translating knowledge on gut-derived metabolites and bone metabolism to alveolar bone. Integrated metabolomic, transcriptomic, and metagenomic approaches hold promise for resolving these challenges and identifying novel metabolites which impact alveolar bone health. Further interrogation through mechanistic testing in pre-clinical models and carefully controlled clinical studies have potential to lead toward translation of these discoveries into meaningful therapies.
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22
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Grootveld M, Page G, Bhogadia M, Hunwin K, Edgar M. Updates and Original Case Studies Focused on the NMR-Linked Metabolomics Analysis of Human Oral Fluids Part III: Implementations for the Diagnosis of Non-Cancerous Disorders, Both Oral and Systemic. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13010066. [PMID: 36676991 PMCID: PMC9864626 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13010066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
This communication represents Part III of our series of reports based on the applications of human saliva as a useful and conveniently collectable medium for the discovery, identification and monitoring of biomarkers, which are of some merit for the diagnosis of human diseases. Such biomarkers, or others reflecting the dysfunction of specific disease-associated metabolic pathways, may also be employed for the prognostic pathological tracking of these diseases. Part I of this series set the experimental and logistical groundwork for this report, and the preceding paper, Part II, featured the applications of newly developed metabolomics technologies to the diagnosis and severity grading of human cancer conditions, both oral and systemic. Clearly, there are many benefits, both scientific and economic, associated with the donation of human saliva samples (usually as whole mouth saliva) from humans consenting to and participating in investigations focused on the discovery of biomolecular markers of diseases. These include usually non-invasive collection protocols, relatively low cost when compared against blood sample collection, and no requirement for clinical supervision during collection episodes. This paper is centred on the employment and value of 'state-of-the-art' metabolomics technologies to the diagnosis and prognosis of a wide range of non-cancerous human diseases. Firstly, these include common oral diseases such as periodontal diseases (from type 1 (gingivitis) to type 4 (advanced periodontitis)), and dental caries. Secondly, a wide range of extra-oral (systemic) conditions are covered, most notably diabetes types 1 and 2, cardiovascular and neurological diseases, and Sjögren's syndrome, along with a series of viral infections, e.g., pharyngitis, influenza, HIV and COVID-19. Since the authors' major research interests lie in the area of the principles and applications of NMR-linked metabolomics techniques, many, but not all, of the studies reviewed were conducted using these technologies, with special attention being given to recommended protocols for their operation and management, for example, satisfactory experimental model designs; sample collection and laboratory processing techniques; the selection of sample-specific NMR pulse sequences for saliva analysis; and strategies available for the confirmation of resonance assignments for both endogenous and exogenous molecules in this biofluid. This article also features an original case study, which is focussed on the use of NMR-based salivary metabolomics techniques to provide some key biomarkers for the diagnosis of pharyngitis, and an example of how to 'police' such studies and to recognise participants who perceive that they actually have this disorder but do not from their metabolic profiles and multivariate analysis pattern-based clusterings. The biochemical and clinical significance of these multidimensional metabolomics investigations are discussed in detail.
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Pandian DS, Victor DJ, Cholan P, Prakash PSG, Subramanian S, Shankar SP. Comparative analysis of the red-complex organisms and recently identified periodontal pathogens in the subgingival plaque of diabetic and nondiabetic patients with severe chronic periodontitis. J Indian Soc Periodontol 2023; 27:51-56. [PMID: 36873973 PMCID: PMC9979820 DOI: 10.4103/jisp.jisp_136_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2022] [Indexed: 03/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim This analytical case-control study sought to evaluate the presence of the recently established putative periodontal pathogen organisms, Filifactor alocis and Fretibacterium fastidiosum, against the levels of the already established red-complex pathogens, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, and Treponema denticola, in chronic periodontitis sites of patients with and without diabetes mellitus. Materials and Methods Fifty-six subgingival plaque samples were obtained from the deepest sites of subjects diagnosed with severe chronic periodontitis with and without diabetes mellitus. These patients were categorized into two groups of 28 each. Clinical parameters were recorded and microbial analysis was done with quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and the bacterial counts of F. alocis and F. fastidiosum were determined and then compared with that of the red-complex organisms. Results The bacterial counts were found to be higher in the diabetic group than that in the nondiabetic group, which was statistically significant for T. forsythia (P < 0.037) and T. denticola (P < 0.003). The study found very less number of F. alocis, which was slightly higher in the diabetic group. When correlating the bacterial levels within the nondiabetic groups, the red complex species had a strong positive correlation both individually with F. alocis (P < 0.0001) and F. fastidiosum (P < 0.001) and also when the newer species was clubbed together as a cohort (P < 0.0001). Whereas, in the diabetic group, although there was a positive correlation, there was no statistical significance. Conclusion The results of this study highlighted the presence of a definite difference in the subgingival microbiota of both the patient groups evaluated. They also indicate that of the newly identified microorganisms, both the cohorts had higher levels of F. fastidiosum, suggesting a pathobiont-like role of this bacteria among both these periodontitis groups. F. alocis was comparatively lesser in number among the cohorts evaluated, and the cause for this decreased level of F. alocis needs to be further evaluated. The results of the present study depict a higher bacterial load in the diabetic group when compared to the nondiabetic group. Further, the study demonstrates a strong correlation between the red-complex species and the newer organisms in the nondiabetic group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Shree Pandian
- Department of Periodontics, Karpaga Vinayaga Institute of Dental Sciences, Kanchipuram, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Dhayanad John Victor
- Department of Periodontics, SRM Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Priyanka Cholan
- Department of Periodontics, SRM Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - PSG Prakash
- Department of Periodontics, SRM Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sangeetha Subramanian
- Department of Periodontics, SRM Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Kedarnath PS, Subramanian SS, Bhaskar E, Kasi M, Pillai V, Subramanian S, Manohar V. Salivary 1,5-Anhydroglucitol and its Correlation with Postprandial Hyperglycemia: Development and Validation of a Novel Assay. Int J Appl Basic Med Res 2023; 13:23-28. [PMID: 37266531 PMCID: PMC10230528 DOI: 10.4103/ijabmr.ijabmr_378_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Saliva has the potential to be used as a noninvasive sample for testing hyperglycemia in diabetes mellitus. Serum 1,5-anhydroglucitol (1,5-AG) decreases with an increase in blood sugar >180 mg/dl. We hypothesized that salivary 1,5-AG can be used to identify blood sugar higher than 180 mg/dl using a novel biochemical method. Aim This study aimed to develop a novel biochemical method for serum and salivary assessment of 1,5-AG and assess its correlation with postprandial blood sugar (PPBS) >180 mg/dl. Methodology The study comprised 45 controls (healthy individuals) and 45 cases (type 2 diabetic patients with PPBS >180 mg/dl). Blood and salivary samples were collected according to the study protocol. A new method was developed for the quantification of 1,5-AG in serum and saliva using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Results The value of serum (mean -22.19 μg/ml and median -22.12 μg/ml) and salivary (mean -0.124 μg/ml and median -0.088 μg/ml) 1,5-AG was higher in healthy individuals compared to corresponding serum (mean -3.89 μg/ml and median -2.52 μg/ml) and salivary (mean -0.025 μg/ml and median - 0.025 μg/ml) levels in diabetics with PPBS >180 mg/dl. In diabetics, a significant negative correlation was noticed with PPBS levels and 1,5-AG levels in serum and saliva. Salivary 1,5-AG level <0.054 μg/ml had an 86.4% sensitivity and 87.2% specificity in predicting a blood sugar value >180 mg/dl. Conclusion The results of our study suggest that the short-term glycemic marker 1,5-AG can be detected in saliva and can be useful as an adjunct marker in monitoring of glycemic status in diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - S. Sathasiva Subramanian
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Sri Ramachandra Dental College and Hospital, Sri Ramachandra University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Emmanuel Bhaskar
- Department of General Medicine, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Sri Ramachandra University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mohan Kasi
- Indian Institute of Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Vinod Pillai
- Indian Institute of Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Saravanan Subramanian
- Indian Institute of Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Venkat Manohar
- Indian Institute of Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Wang LJ, Liu L, Ju W, Yao WX, Yang XH, Qian WH. 20 abnormal metabolites of Stage IV Grade C periodontitis was discovered by CPSI-MS. Pathol Oncol Res 2022; 28:1610739. [PMID: 36567980 PMCID: PMC9768691 DOI: 10.3389/pore.2022.1610739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Saliva is a noninvasive biofluid that contains the metabolic signature of severe periodontitis (SP, Stage IV and Grade C). Conductive polymer spray ionization mass spectrometry (CPSI-MS) was used to record a wide range of metabolites within a few seconds, making this technique a promising point-of-care method for the early detection of SP (Stage IV and Grade C). Saliva samples from 31 volunteers, consisting of 16 healthy controls (HC) and 15 patients with SP (Stage IV and Grade C), were collected to identify dysregulated metabolites. Twenty metabolites were screened out, including seven amino acids. Moreover, the results showed that amino acid metabolism is closely related to the development of periodontitis. The present study further confirmed that salivary metabolites in the oral cavity were significantly altered after plaque removal. These results suggest that the combination of CPSI-MS is a feasible tool for preclinical screening of SP (Stage IV and Grade C).
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Jun Wang
- Department of Periodontitis, Xuhui District Dental Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Liu Liu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head & Neck Oncology, Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Ju
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wen-Xin Yao
- Department of Periodontitis, Xuhui District Dental Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Xi-Hu Yang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China,*Correspondence: Wen-Hao Qian, ; Xi-Hu Yang,
| | - Wen-Hao Qian
- Department of Periodontitis, Xuhui District Dental Center, Shanghai, China,*Correspondence: Wen-Hao Qian, ; Xi-Hu Yang,
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Foratori-Junior GA, Guennec AL, Fidalgo TKDS, Cleaver L, Buzalaf MAR, Carpenter GH, Sales-Peres SHDC. Metabolomic Profiles Associated with Obesity and Periodontitis during Pregnancy: Cross-Sectional Study with Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ( 1H-NMR)-Based Analysis. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12111029. [PMID: 36355112 PMCID: PMC9694155 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12111029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to elucidate the metabolomic signature associated with obesity and periodontitis during pregnancy in plasma and saliva biofluids. Ninety-eight pregnant women were divided into: with obesity and periodontitis (OP = 20), with obesity but without periodontitis (OWP = 27), with normal BMI but with periodontitis (NP = 21), with normal BMI and without periodontitis (NWP = 30). Saliva and plasma were analyzed by 1H-NMR for metabolites identification. Partial Least Squares-Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA), Sparse PLS-DA (sPLS-DA), and Variable Importance of Projection (VIP) were performed. ANOVA and Pearson’s correlation were applied (p < 0.05). Plasmatic analysis indicated the levels of glucose (p = 0.041) and phenylalanine (p = 0.015) were positively correlated with periodontal parameters and BMI, respectively. In saliva, periodontitis was mainly associated with high levels of acetic acid (p = 0.024), isovaleric acid, butyric acid, leucine, valine, isoleucine, and propionic acid (p < 0.001). High salivary concentrations of glycine (p = 0.015), succinic acid (p = 0.015), and lactate (p = 0.026) were associated with obesity. Saliva demonstrated a more elucidative difference than plasma, indicating the glucose-alanine cycle, alanine metabolism, valine, leucine and isoleucine degradation, glutamate metabolism, and Warburg effect as the main metabolic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerson Aparecido Foratori-Junior
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Orthodontics and Public Health, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru 17012-901, Brazil
- Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dental, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, Guy’s Campus, King’s College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
- Correspondence: (G.A.F.-J.); (S.H.d.C.S.-P.)
| | - Adrien Le Guennec
- Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Facility, Guy’s Campus, King’s College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Tatiana Kelly da Silva Fidalgo
- Department of Preventive and Community Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro 20551-030, Brazil
| | - Leanne Cleaver
- Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dental, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, Guy’s Campus, King’s College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | | | - Guy Howard Carpenter
- Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dental, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, Guy’s Campus, King’s College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Silvia Helena de Carvalho Sales-Peres
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Orthodontics and Public Health, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru 17012-901, Brazil
- Correspondence: (G.A.F.-J.); (S.H.d.C.S.-P.)
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Brito F, Curcio HFQ, da Silva Fidalgo TK. Periodontal disease metabolomics signatures from different biofluids: a systematic review. Metabolomics 2022; 18:83. [PMID: 36282436 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-022-01940-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Periodontitis is resulted from a complex interaction between genetics and epigenetics, microbial factors, and the host response. Metabolomics analyses reflect both the steady-state physiological equilibrium of cells or organisms as well as their dynamic metabolic responses to environmental stimuli. AIM OF REVIEW This systematic review of the literature aimed to assess which low molecular weight metabolites are more often found in biological fluids of individuals with periodontitis compared to individuals with gingivitis or periodontal health. KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS OF REVIEW All the included studies employed untargeted analysis. One or more biological fluids were analyzed, including saliva (n = 14), gingival crevicular fluid (n = 6), mouthwash (n = 1), serum (n = 3) and plasma (n = 1). Fifty-six main metabolites related to periodontitis have been identified in at least two independent studies by NMR spectroscopy or MS-based metabolomics. Saliva was the main biological fluid sampled. It is noteworthy that 14 metabolites of the 56 detected were identified as main metabolites in all studies that sampled the saliva. The majority of metabolites found consistently among studies were amino acids, organic acids and derivates: acetate, alanine, butyrate, formate, GABA, lactate, propionate, phenylalanine and valine. They were either up- or down-regulated in the studies or this information was not mentioned. The main metabolic pathway was related to phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis. Metabolites more frequently found in individuals with periodontitis were related to both the host and to microorganism responses. Future studies are needed, and they should follow some methodological standards to facilitate their comparison.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Brito
- Department of Periodontology, Dental School, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
- Departament of Periodontology, Dental School, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Boulevard 28 de Setembro, 157 - Vila Isabel, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20551-030, Brazil.
| | | | - Tatiana Kelly da Silva Fidalgo
- Department of Preventive and Community Dentistry, Dental School, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Bencharit S, Carlson J, Byrd WC, Howard-Williams EL, Seagroves JT, McRitchie S, Buse JB, Sumner S. Salivary Metabolomics of Well and Poorly Controlled Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes. Int J Dent 2022; 2022:7544864. [PMID: 36059915 PMCID: PMC9433218 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7544864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The concentrations of endogenous metabolites in saliva can be altered based on the systemic condition of the hosts and may, in theory, serve as a reflection of systemic disease progression. Hemoglobin A1C is used clinically to measure long-term average glycemic control. The aim of the study was to demonstrate if there were differences in the salivary metabolic profiles between well and poorly controlled type 1 and type 2 subjects with diabetes. Subjects and Methods. Subjects with type 1 and type 2 diabetes were enrolled (n = 40). The subjects were assigned to phenotypic groups based on their current level of A1C: <7 = well-controlled and >7 = poorly controlled. Demographic data, age, gender, and ethnicity, were used to match the two phenotypic groups. Whole saliva samples were collected and immediately stored at -80°C. Samples were spiked using an isotopically labeled internal standard and analyzed by UPLC-TOF-MS using a Waters SYNAPT G2-Si mass spectrometer. Results Unsupervised principal components analysis (PCA) and orthogonal partial least squares regression discrimination analysis (OPLS-DA) were used to define unique metabolomic profiles associated with well and poorly controlled diabetes based on A1C levels. Conclusion OPLS-DA demonstrates good separation of well and poorly controlled in both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. This provides evidence for developing saliva-based monitoring tools for diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sompop Bencharit
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Molecular Biology, School of Dentistry, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - James Carlson
- Systems and Translational Sciences, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Warren C. Byrd
- School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | | | - Jackson T. Seagroves
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Molecular Biology, School of Dentistry, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Susan McRitchie
- Systems and Translational Sciences, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Nutritional Research Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - John B. Buse
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Susan Sumner
- Systems and Translational Sciences, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Nutritional Research Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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29
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Panneerselvam K, Ishikawa S, Krishnan R, Sugimoto M. Salivary Metabolomics for Oral Cancer Detection: A Narrative Review. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12050436. [PMID: 35629940 PMCID: PMC9144467 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12050436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of low- or non-invasive screening tests for cancer is crucial for early detection. Saliva is an ideal biofluid containing informative components for monitoring oral and systemic diseases. Metabolomics has frequently been used to identify and quantify numerous metabolites in saliva samples, serving as novel biomarkers associated with various conditions, including cancers. This review summarizes the recent applications of salivary metabolomics in biomarker discovery in oral cancers. We discussed the prevalence, epidemiologic characteristics, and risk factors of oral cancers, as well as the currently available screening programs, in India and Japan. These data imply that the development of biomarkers by itself is inadequate in cancer detection. The use of current diagnostic methods and new technologies is necessary for efficient salivary metabolomics analysis. We also discuss the gap between biomarker discovery and nationwide screening for the early detection of oral cancer and its prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karthika Panneerselvam
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Karpaga Vinayaga Institute of Dental Sciences, GST Road, Chinna Kolambakkam, Palayanoor PO, Madurantagam Taluk, Kancheepuram 603308, Tamil Nadu, India;
| | - Shigeo Ishikawa
- Department of Dentistry, Oral and Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata University, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan;
| | - Rajkumar Krishnan
- Department of Oral Pathology, SRM Dental College, Bharathi Salai, Ramapuram, Chennai 600089, Tamil Nadu, India;
| | - Masahiro Sugimoto
- Institute of Medical Research, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-0022, Japan
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Yamagata 997-0811, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-235-29-0528
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30
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Swinarew AS, Flak T, Jarosińska A, Garczyk Ż, Gabor J, Skoczyński S, Brożek G, Paluch J, Popczyk M, Stanula A, Stach S. Polyurethane-Based Porous Carbons Suitable for Medical Application. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15093313. [PMID: 35591653 PMCID: PMC9101738 DOI: 10.3390/ma15093313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The main aim of the study was to synthesize and analyze spectral data to determine the structure and stereometry of the carbon-based porous material internal structure. Samples of a porous biomaterial were synthesized through anionic polymerization following our own patent and then carbonized. The samples were investigated using MALDI ToF MS, FTIR ATR spectroscopy, optic microscopy, SEM, confocal laser scanning microscopy and CMT imaging. The analysis revealed the chemical and stereological structure of the obtained porous biomaterial. Then, the parameters characterizing the pore geometry and the porosity of the samples were calculated. The developed material can be used to collect adsorption of breathing phase samples to determine the parity composition of exhaled air.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej S. Swinarew
- Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Silesia in Katowice, 75 Pułku Piechoty 1A, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland; (T.F.); (Ż.G.); (J.G.); (M.P.); (S.S.)
- Institute of Sport Science, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education, Mikołowska 72A, 40-065 Katowice, Poland;
- Correspondence:
| | - Tomasz Flak
- Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Silesia in Katowice, 75 Pułku Piechoty 1A, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland; (T.F.); (Ż.G.); (J.G.); (M.P.); (S.S.)
| | - Agnieszka Jarosińska
- Department of Internal Medicine, Autoimmune and Metabolic Diseases, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Medyków 14, 40-572 Katowice, Poland;
| | - Żaneta Garczyk
- Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Silesia in Katowice, 75 Pułku Piechoty 1A, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland; (T.F.); (Ż.G.); (J.G.); (M.P.); (S.S.)
| | - Jadwiga Gabor
- Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Silesia in Katowice, 75 Pułku Piechoty 1A, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland; (T.F.); (Ż.G.); (J.G.); (M.P.); (S.S.)
| | - Szymon Skoczyński
- Department of Pneumonology, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 40-055 Katowice, Poland;
| | - Grzegorz Brożek
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Medyków 18, 40-752 Katowice, Poland;
| | - Jarosław Paluch
- Department of Laryngology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, ul. Francuska 20-24, 40-027 Katowice, Poland;
| | - Magdalena Popczyk
- Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Silesia in Katowice, 75 Pułku Piechoty 1A, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland; (T.F.); (Ż.G.); (J.G.); (M.P.); (S.S.)
| | - Arkadiusz Stanula
- Institute of Sport Science, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education, Mikołowska 72A, 40-065 Katowice, Poland;
| | - Sebastian Stach
- Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Silesia in Katowice, 75 Pułku Piechoty 1A, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland; (T.F.); (Ż.G.); (J.G.); (M.P.); (S.S.)
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31
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Byun JS, Lee HY, Tian J, Moon JS, Choi J, Lee SH, Kim YG, Yi HS. Effect of Salivary Exosomal miR-25-3p on Periodontitis With Insulin Resistance. Front Immunol 2022; 12:775046. [PMID: 35069547 PMCID: PMC8777127 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.775046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is caused by an oral microbial dysbiosis-mediated imbalance of the local immune microenvironment, which is promoted by insulin resistance and obesity. The prevalence and severity of periodontitis is higher in patients with type 2 diabetes than in healthy individuals, possibly because of differences in immune responses. The level of glycemic control also affects the saliva profile, which may further promote periodontal disease in diabetes patients. Therefore, we compared the salivary exosomal miRNA profiles of patients with type 2 diabetes with those of healthy individuals, and we found that exosomal miR-25-3p in saliva is significantly enriched (by approximately 2-fold, p < 0.01) in obese patients with type 2 diabetes. We also identified CD69 mRNA as a miR-25-3p target that regulates both activation of γδ T cells and the inflammatory response. Knockdown of CD69 increased (by approximately 2-fold) interleukin-17A production of γδ T cells in vitro. To evaluate the role of exosomal miRNA on progression of periodontitis, we analyzed regional immune cells in both periodontal tissues and lymph nodes from mice with periodontitis. We found that diet-induced obesity increased the population of infiltrating pro-inflammatory immune cells in the gingiva and regional lymph nodes of these mice. Treatment with miR-25-3p inhibitors prevented the local in vivo inflammatory response in mice with periodontitis and diet-induced obesity. Finally, we showed that suppression of interleukin 17-mediated local inflammation by a miR-25-3p inhibitor alleviated (by approximately 34%) ligature-induced periodontal alveolar bone loss in mice. Taken together, these data suggest that exosomal miR-25-3p in saliva contributes to development and progression of diabetes-associated periodontitis. Discovery of additional miR-25-3p targets may provide critical insights into developing drugs to treat periodontitis by regulating γδ T cell-mediated local inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Seok Byun
- Department of Oral Medicine, Kyungpook National University School of Dentistry, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Ho Yeop Lee
- Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea.,Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea.,Laboratory of Endocrinology and Immune System, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Jingwen Tian
- Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea.,Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea.,Laboratory of Endocrinology and Immune System, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Ji Sun Moon
- Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea.,Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea.,Laboratory of Endocrinology and Immune System, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Jaejin Choi
- Department of Research and Development, Panagene Inc., Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Sang-Hee Lee
- Bio-Electron Microscopy Research Center (104-Dong), Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Yong-Gun Kim
- Department of Periodontology, Kyungpook National University School of Dentistry, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Hyon-Seung Yi
- Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea.,Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea.,Laboratory of Endocrinology and Immune System, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
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32
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Ortiz-Martínez M, González-González M, Martagón AJ, Hlavinka V, Willson RC, Rito-Palomares M. Recent Developments in Biomarkers for Diagnosis and Screening of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Curr Diab Rep 2022; 22:95-115. [PMID: 35267140 PMCID: PMC8907395 DOI: 10.1007/s11892-022-01453-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Diabetes mellitus is a complex, chronic illness characterized by elevated blood glucose levels that occurs when there is cellular resistance to insulin action, pancreatic β-cells do not produce sufficient insulin, or both. Diabetes prevalence has greatly increased in recent decades; consequently, it is considered one of the fastest-growing public health emergencies globally. Poor blood glucose control can result in long-term micro- and macrovascular complications such as nephropathy, retinopathy, neuropathy, and cardiovascular disease. Individuals with diabetes require continuous medical care, including pharmacological intervention as well as lifestyle and dietary changes. RECENT FINDINGS The most common form of diabetes mellitus, type 2 diabetes (T2DM), represents approximately 90% of all cases worldwide. T2DM occurs more often in middle-aged and elderly adults, and its cause is multifactorial. However, its incidence has increased in children and young adults due to obesity, sedentary lifestyle, and inadequate nutrition. This high incidence is also accompanied by an estimated underdiagnosis prevalence of more than 50% worldwide. Implementing successful and cost-effective strategies for systematic screening of diabetes mellitus is imperative to ensure early detection, lowering patients' risk of developing life-threatening disease complications. Therefore, identifying new biomarkers and assay methods for diabetes mellitus to develop robust, non-invasive, painless, highly-sensitive, and precise screening techniques is essential. This review focuses on the recent development of new clinically validated and novel biomarkers as well as the methods for their determination that represent cost-effective alternatives for screening and early diagnosis of T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarita Ortiz-Martínez
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Monterrey, Nuevo León, México
| | - Mirna González-González
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Monterrey, Nuevo León, México.
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, The Institute for Obesity Research, Monterrey, Nuevo León, México.
| | - Alexandro J Martagón
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Monterrey, Nuevo León, México
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, The Institute for Obesity Research, Monterrey, Nuevo León, México
- Unidad de Investigación de Enfermedades Metabólicas, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, México City, México
| | - Victoria Hlavinka
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Richard C Willson
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Monterrey, Nuevo León, México
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Marco Rito-Palomares
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Monterrey, Nuevo León, México
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, The Institute for Obesity Research, Monterrey, Nuevo León, México
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33
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Biomarker profiling of postmortem blood for diabetes mellitus and discussion of possible applications of metabolomics for forensic casework. Int J Legal Med 2022; 136:1075-1090. [DOI: 10.1007/s00414-021-02767-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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34
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Paraiso IL, Mattio LM, Alcázar Magaña A, Choi J, Plagmann LS, Redick MA, Miranda CL, Maier CS, Dallavalle S, Kioussi C, Blakemore PR, Stevens JF. Xanthohumol Pyrazole Derivative Improves Diet-Induced Obesity and Induces Energy Expenditure in High-Fat Diet-Fed Mice. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2021; 4:1782-1793. [PMID: 34927010 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.1c00161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The energy intake exceeding energy expenditure (EE) results in a positive energy balance, leading to storage of excess energy and weight gain. Here, we investigate the potential of a newly synthesized compound as an inducer of EE for the management of diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance. Xanthohumol (XN), a prenylated flavonoid from hops, was used as a precursor for the synthesis of a pyrazole derivative tested for its properties on high-fat diet (HFD)-induced metabolic impairments. In a comparative study with XN, we report that 4-(5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)-5-methoxy-2-(3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl)benzene-1,3-diol (XP) uncouples oxidative phosphorylation in C2C12 cells. In HFD-fed mice, XP improved glucose tolerance and decreased weight gain by increasing EE and locomotor activity. Using an untargeted metabolomics approach, we assessed the effects of treatment on metabolites and their corresponding biochemical pathways. We found that XP and XN reduced purine metabolites and other energy metabolites in the plasma of HFD-fed mice. The induction of locomotor activity was associated with an increase in inosine monophosphate in the cortex of XP-treated mice. Together, these results suggest that XP, better than XN, affects mitochondrial respiration and cellular energy metabolism to prevent obesity in HFD-fed mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines L Paraiso
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
| | - Luce M Mattio
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States.,Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States.,Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, Via Celoria 2, Milan 20133, Italy
| | - Armando Alcázar Magaña
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States.,Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
| | - Jaewoo Choi
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
| | - Layhna S Plagmann
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States.,Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
| | - Margaret A Redick
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
| | - Cristobal L Miranda
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
| | - Claudia S Maier
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
| | - Sabrina Dallavalle
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, Via Celoria 2, Milan 20133, Italy
| | - Chrissa Kioussi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
| | - Paul R Blakemore
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
| | - Jan F Stevens
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
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35
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Association of Oral Health with Multimorbidity among Older Adults: Findings from the Longitudinal Ageing Study in India, Wave-1, 2017-2019. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182312853. [PMID: 34886581 PMCID: PMC8657905 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182312853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
India is witnessing an increase in the prevalence of multimorbidity. Oral health is related to overall health but is seldom included in the assessment of multimorbidity. Hence, this study aimed to estimate the prevalence of oral morbidity and explore its association with physical multimorbidity using data from Longitudinal Ageing Study in India (LASI). LASI is a nationwide survey amongst adults aged ≥ 45 years conducted in 2018. Descriptive analysis was performed on included participants (n = 59,764) to determine the prevalence of oral morbidity. Multivariable logistic regression assessed the association between oral morbidity and physical multimorbidity. Self-rated health was compared between multimorbid participants with and without oral morbidity. Oral morbidity was prevalent in 48.56% of participants and physical multimorbidity in 50.36%. Those with multimorbidity were at a higher risk of having any oral morbidity (AOR: 1.60 (1.48–1.73)) than those without multimorbidity. Participants who had only oral morbidity rated their health to be good more often than those who had physical multimorbidity and oral morbidity (40.84% vs. 32.98%). Oral morbidity is significantly associated with physical multimorbidity. Multimorbid participants perceived their health to be inferior to those with only oral morbidity. The findings suggest multidisciplinary health teams in primary care should include the management of oral morbidity and physical multimorbidity.
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36
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Sakanaka A, Kuboniwa M, Katakami N, Furuno M, Nishizawa H, Omori K, Taya N, Ishikawa A, Mayumi S, Tanaka Isomura E, Shimomura I, Fukusaki E, Amano A. Saliva and Plasma Reflect Metabolism Altered by Diabetes and Periodontitis. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:742002. [PMID: 34589520 PMCID: PMC8473679 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.742002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is an inflammatory disorder caused by disintegration of the balance between the periodontal microbiome and host response. While growing evidence suggests links between periodontitis and various metabolic disorders including type 2 diabetes (T2D), non-alcoholic liver disease, and cardiovascular disease (CVD), which often coexist in individuals with abdominal obesity, factors linking periodontal inflammation to common metabolic alterations remain to be fully elucidated. More detailed characterization of metabolomic profiles associated with multiple oral and cardiometabolic traits may provide better understanding of the complexity of oral-systemic crosstalk and its underlying mechanism. We performed comprehensive profiling of plasma and salivary metabolomes using untargeted gas chromatography/mass spectrometry to investigate multivariate covariation with clinical markers of oral and systemic health in 31 T2D patients with metabolic comorbidities and 30 control subjects. Orthogonal partial least squares (OPLS) results enabled more accurate characterization of associations among 11 oral and 25 systemic clinical outcomes, and 143 salivary and 78 plasma metabolites. In particular, metabolites that reflect cardiometabolic changes were identified in both plasma and saliva, with plasma and salivary ratios of (mannose + allose):1,5-anhydroglucitol achieving areas under the curve of 0.99 and 0.92, respectively, for T2D diagnosis. Additionally, OPLS analysis of periodontal inflamed surface area (PISA) as the numerical response variable revealed shared and unique responses of metabolomic and clinical markers to PISA between healthy and T2D groups. When combined with linear regression models, we found a significant correlation between PISA and multiple metabolites in both groups, including threonate, cadaverine and hydrocinnamate in saliva, as well as lactate and pentadecanoic acid in plasma, of which plasma lactate showed a predominant trend in the healthy group. Unique metabolites associated with PISA in the T2D group included plasma phosphate and salivary malate, while those in the healthy group included plasma gluconate and salivary adenosine. Remarkably, higher PISA was correlated with altered hepatic lipid metabolism in both groups, including higher levels of triglycerides, aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase, leading to increased risk of cardiometabolic disease based on a score summarizing levels of CVD-related biomarkers. These findings revealed the potential utility of saliva for evaluating the risk of metabolic disorders without need for a blood test, and provide evidence that disrupted liver lipid metabolism may underlie the link between periodontitis and cardiometabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akito Sakanaka
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masae Kuboniwa
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - Naoto Katakami
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masahiro Furuno
- Department of Biotechnology, Osaka University Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Nishizawa
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazuo Omori
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Naohiro Taya
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Asuka Ishikawa
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shota Mayumi
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - Emiko Tanaka Isomura
- First Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - Iichiro Shimomura
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Eiichiro Fukusaki
- Department of Biotechnology, Osaka University Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka, Japan
| | - Atsuo Amano
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
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37
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Salivary Metabolomics for Diagnosis and Monitoring Diseases: Challenges and Possibilities. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11090587. [PMID: 34564402 PMCID: PMC8469343 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11090587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Saliva is a useful biological fluid and a valuable source of biological information. Saliva contains many of the same components that can be found in blood or serum, but the components of interest tend to be at a lower concentration in saliva, and their analysis demands more sensitive techniques. Metabolomics is starting to emerge as a viable method for assessing the salivary metabolites which are generated by the biochemical processes in elucidating the pathways underlying different oral and systemic diseases. In oral diseases, salivary metabolomics has concentrated on periodontitis and oral cancer. Salivary metabolites of systemic diseases have been investigated mostly in the early diagnosis of different cancer, but also neurodegenerative diseases. This mini-review article aims to highlight the challenges and possibilities of salivary metabolomics from a clinical viewpoint. Furthermore, applications of the salivary metabolic profile in diagnosis and prognosis, monitoring the treatment success, and planning of personalized treatment of oral and systemic diseases are discussed.
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38
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Overmyer KA, Rhoads TW, Merrill AE, Ye Z, Westphall MS, Acharya A, Shukla SK, Coon JJ. Proteomics, lipidomics, metabolomics and 16S DNA sequencing of dental plaque from patients with diabetes and periodontal disease. Mol Cell Proteomics 2021; 20:100126. [PMID: 34332123 PMCID: PMC8426274 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcpro.2021.100126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral microbiome influences human health, specifically prediabetes and type 2 diabetes (Pre-DM/DM) and periodontal diseases (PDs), through complex microbial interactions. To explore these relations, we performed 16S rDNA sequencing, metabolomics, lipidomics, and proteomics analyses on supragingival dental plaque collected from individuals with Pre-DM/DM (n = 39), Pre-DM/DM and PD (n = 37), PD alone (n = 11), or neither (n = 10). We identified on average 2790 operational taxonomic units and 2025 microbial and host proteins per sample and quantified 110 metabolites and 415 lipids. Plaque samples from Pre-DM/DM patients contained higher abundance of Fusobacterium and Tannerella than plaques from metabolically healthy patients. Phosphatidylcholines, plasmenyl phosphatidylcholines, ceramides containing non-OH fatty acids, and host proteins related to actin filament rearrangement were elevated in plaques from PD versus non-PD samples. Cross-omic correlation analysis enabled the detection of a strong association between Lautropia and monomethyl phosphatidylethanolamine (PE-NMe), which is striking because synthesis of PE-NMe is uncommon in oral bacteria. Lipidomics analysis of in vitro cultures of Lautropia mirabilis confirmed the synthesis of PE-NMe by the bacteria. This comprehensive analysis revealed a novel microbial metabolic pathway and significant associations of host-derived proteins with PD. Patients with periodontal disease or diabetes have unique microbial dysbiosis. Proteomics and 16S data provide complementary information about microbial diversity. Cross-omic correlation reveals host signatures associated with periodontal disease. Multi-omic data lead to finding about microbially synthesized lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine A Overmyer
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI 53715, USA; Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; National Center for Quantitative Biology of Complex Systems, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Timothy W Rhoads
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Anna E Merrill
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Zhan Ye
- Center for Precision Medicine Research, Marshfield Clinic Research Institute, Marshfield, WI 54449, USA
| | - Michael S Westphall
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; National Center for Quantitative Biology of Complex Systems, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Amit Acharya
- Center for Oral and Systemic Health, Marshfield Clinic, Marshfield, WI 54449, USA
| | - Sanjay K Shukla
- Center for Oral and Systemic Health, Marshfield Clinic, Marshfield, WI 54449, USA; Center for Precision Medicine Research, Marshfield Clinic Research Institute, Marshfield, WI 54449, USA.
| | - Joshua J Coon
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI 53715, USA; Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; National Center for Quantitative Biology of Complex Systems, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
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Andörfer L, Holtfreter B, Weiss S, Matthes R, Pitchika V, Schmidt CO, Samietz S, Kastenmüller G, Nauck M, Völker U, Völzke H, Csonka LN, Suhre K, Pietzner M, Kocher T. Salivary metabolites associated with a 5-year tooth loss identified in a population-based setting. BMC Med 2021; 19:161. [PMID: 34256740 PMCID: PMC8278731 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-021-02035-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Periodontitis is among the most common chronic diseases worldwide, and it is one of the main reasons for tooth loss. Comprehensive profiling of the metabolite content of the saliva can enable the identification of novel pathways associated with periodontitis and highlight non-invasive markers to facilitate time and cost-effective screening efforts for the presence of periodontitis and the prediction of tooth loss. METHODS We first investigated cross-sectional associations of 13 oral health variables with saliva levels of 562 metabolites, measured by untargeted mass spectrometry among a sub-sample (n = 938) of the Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP-2) using linear regression models adjusting for common confounders. We took forward any candidate metabolite associated with at least two oral variables, to test for an association with a 5-year tooth loss over and above baseline oral health status using negative binomial regression models. RESULTS We identified 84 saliva metabolites that were associated with at least one oral variable cross-sectionally, for a subset of which we observed robust replication in an independent study. Out of 34 metabolites associated with more than two oral variables, baseline saliva levels of nine metabolites were positively associated with a 5-year tooth loss. Across all analyses, the metabolites 2-pyrrolidineacetic acid and butyrylputrescine were the most consistent candidate metabolites, likely reflecting oral dysbiosis. Other candidate metabolites likely reflected tissue destruction and cell proliferation. CONCLUSIONS Untargeted metabolic profiling of saliva replicated metabolic signatures of periodontal status and revealed novel metabolites associated with periodontitis and future tooth loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonie Andörfer
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Periodontology, Endodontology, and Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, University Medicine Greifswald, Fleischmannstr. 42, 17475, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Birte Holtfreter
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Periodontology, Endodontology, and Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, University Medicine Greifswald, Fleischmannstr. 42, 17475, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Stefan Weiss
- Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Rutger Matthes
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Periodontology, Endodontology, and Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, University Medicine Greifswald, Fleischmannstr. 42, 17475, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Vinay Pitchika
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Periodontology, Endodontology, and Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, University Medicine Greifswald, Fleischmannstr. 42, 17475, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Carsten Oliver Schmidt
- Institute for Community Medicine, SHIP/Clinical Epidemiology Research, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Stefanie Samietz
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Gerodontology and Biomaterials, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Gabi Kastenmüller
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Matthias Nauck
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.,Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Uwe Völker
- Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Henry Völzke
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.,Institute for Community Medicine, SHIP/Clinical Epidemiology Research, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Laszlo N Csonka
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, USA
| | - Karsten Suhre
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany.,Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Maik Pietzner
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.,Computational Medicine, Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Kocher
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Periodontology, Endodontology, and Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, University Medicine Greifswald, Fleischmannstr. 42, 17475, Greifswald, Germany.
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40
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Nag A, Kurushima Y, Bowyer RCE, Wells PM, Weiss S, Pietzner M, Kocher T, Raffler J, Völker U, Mangino M, Spector TD, Milburn MV, Kastenmüller G, Mohney RP, Suhre K, Menni C, Steves CJ. Genome-wide scan identifies novel genetic loci regulating salivary metabolite levels. Hum Mol Genet 2021; 29:864-875. [PMID: 31960908 PMCID: PMC7104674 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddz308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Saliva, as a biofluid, is inexpensive and non-invasive to obtain, and provides a vital tool to investigate oral health and its interaction with systemic health conditions. There is growing interest in salivary biomarkers for systemic diseases, notably cardiovascular disease. Whereas hundreds of genetic loci have been shown to be involved in the regulation of blood metabolites, leading to significant insights into the pathogenesis of complex human diseases, little is known about the impact of host genetics on salivary metabolites. Here we report the first genome-wide association study exploring 476 salivary metabolites in 1419 subjects from the TwinsUK cohort (discovery phase), followed by replication in the Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP-2) cohort. A total of 14 distinct locus-metabolite associations were identified in the discovery phase, most of which were replicated in SHIP-2. While only a limited number of the loci that are known to regulate blood metabolites were also associated with salivary metabolites in our study, we identified several novel saliva-specific locus-metabolite associations, including associations for the AGMAT (with the metabolites 4-guanidinobutanoate and beta-guanidinopropanoate), ATP13A5 (with the metabolite creatinine) and DPYS (with the metabolites 3-ureidopropionate and 3-ureidoisobutyrate) loci. Our study suggests that there may be regulatory pathways of particular relevance to the salivary metabolome. In addition, some of our findings may have clinical significance, such as the utility of the pyrimidine (uracil) degradation metabolites in predicting 5-fluorouracil toxicity and the role of the agmatine pathway metabolites as biomarkers of oral health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Nag
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London SE1 7EH, UK.,Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Yuko Kurushima
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Ruth C E Bowyer
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Philippa M Wells
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Stefan Weiss
- Interfaculty Institute of Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald & University of Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Maik Pietzner
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Thomas Kocher
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Periodontology, Endodontology, and Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, University Medicine Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Johannes Raffler
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Uwe Völker
- Interfaculty Institute of Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald & University of Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Massimo Mangino
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Timothy D Spector
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Michael V Milburn
- Discovery and Translational Sciences, Metabolon, Inc., Morrisville, NC 27560, USA
| | - Gabi Kastenmüller
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Robert P Mohney
- Discovery and Translational Sciences, Metabolon, Inc., Morrisville, NC 27560, USA
| | - Karsten Suhre
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Doha 24144, Qatar
| | - Cristina Menni
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Claire J Steves
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London SE1 7EH, UK
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Prasanna JS, Sumadhura C. Estimation of neopterin as a biomarker in biofluids of pre and post-menopausal women after initial periodontal therapy: A biochemical assay. J Indian Soc Periodontol 2021; 25:300-306. [PMID: 34393400 PMCID: PMC8336780 DOI: 10.4103/jisp.jisp_516_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2019] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Context: Periodontitis (PDD) is a chronic inflammatory condition by nature which destroys the surrounding tooth structures. Menopause (pre and post) worsens the inflammatory state. Biofluids could serve as sources of biomarkers that could diagnose or indicate the intensity and extent of both conditions. Aims: This study aimed to guestimate the various biofluids of neopterin (NP) levels in premenopause (pre-m) and postmenopausal (post-m) women with PDD after initial periodontal therapy (IPT). Settings and Design: This was an interventional cross-sectional study. Materials and Methods: Based on menstrual history, within the age range of 40–60 years, 30 female patients having PDD participated, who were grouped into pre-m and post-m, each group comprised 15 subjects. A biochemical test of NP levels was done at the initial and three months following IPT. Statistics used: Group comparisons and percentage decrement using independent sample t-test and paired t-test for intragroup comparison were done with the version 21, IBM SPSS software. Results: Intragroup NP analysis at different time points showed significant improvement. Intergroup comparison, however, has shown significant improvement in the premenopausal group (Group I) only. Conclusions: Reduced levels of NP were found in pre-m and post-m groups 3 months after IPT, inferring that IPT is a paragon in periodontal therapy and NP might be a good diagnostic marker to detect PDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jammula Surya Prasanna
- Department of Periodontics, Panineeya Institute of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Chinta Sumadhura
- Department of Periodontics, Panineeya Institute of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
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42
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Haririan H, Andrukhov O, Laky M, Rausch-Fan X. Saliva as a Source of Biomarkers for Periodontitis and Periimplantitis. FRONTIERS IN DENTAL MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fdmed.2021.687638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Saliva has the potential to be used as a diagnostic and monitoring tool for various diseases if biomarkers of an adequate sensitivity and specificity could be identified. Several reviews and even meta-analyses have been performed in recent years, which have found some candidate biomarkers for periodontitis, like macrophage inflammatory protein-1 alpha, interleukin-1ß, interleukin-6, matrix metalloproteinase-8, or hemoglobin. However, none of those are currently in use to replace conventional periodontal diagnostics with a periodontal probe. For periimplantitis, to date, heterogeneity of different study protocols and implant types did not permit to discover clear biomarkers, which were able to distinguish between healthy and diseased implants. Few proinflammatory cytokines, similar to periodontitis, have been characterized as adjunct tools to clinical diagnosis. The additional determination of antimicrobial peptides, bone turnover markers, and bacteria could help to enhance sensitivity and specificity in a combined model for periodontitis and periimplantitis. Furthermore, proteomic approaches might be preferred over single biomarker determinations. A global consensus is also needed to harmonize salivary sampling methods as well as procedures of biomarker analysis to ensure future comparability.
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43
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Chen ZY, Xu TT, Liang ZJ, Zhao L, Xiong XQ, Xie KK, Yu WX, Zeng XW, Gao J, Zhou YH, Luo G, Yu T. Untargeted and targeted gingival metabolome in rodents reveal metabolic links between high-fat diet-induced obesity and periodontitis. J Clin Periodontol 2021; 48:1137-1148. [PMID: 33998036 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
AIM To characterize gingival metabolome in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity in mice with/without periodontitis. METHODS HFD-induced obesity mouse model was established by 16-week feeding, and a lean control group was fed with low-fat diet (n = 21/group). Both models were induced for periodontitis on the left sides by molar ligation for 10 days, whereas the right sides were used as controls. Gingival metabolome and arginine metabolism were analysed by non-targeted/targeted liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. RESULTS Of 2247 reference features, presence of periodontitis altered 165 in lean versus 885 in HFD mice; and HFD altered 525 in absence versus 1435 in presence of periodontitis. Compared with healthy condition, periodontitis and HFD had distinct effects on gingival metabolome. Metabolomic impacts of periodontitis were generally greater in HFD mice versus lean controls. K-medoids clustering showed that HFD amplified the impacts of periodontitis on gingival metabolome in both intensity and extensity. Ten metabolic pathways were enriched, including 2 specific to periodontitis, 5 specific to HFD and 3 shared ones. Targeted validation on arginine metabolism confirmed the additive effects between HFD and periodontitis. CONCLUSION The obese population consuming excessive HFD display amplified metabolic response to periodontitis, presenting a metabolic susceptibility to exacerbated periodontal destruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Yun Chen
- Department of Periodontics, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Tian-Tian Xu
- Department of Periodontics, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhao-Jia Liang
- Department of Periodontics, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Li Zhao
- Department of Prosthodontics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Qin Xiong
- Department of Periodontics, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Kun-Ke Xie
- Department of Periodontics, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wan-Xin Yu
- Department of Periodontics, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiao-Wen Zeng
- Department of Periodontics, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jie Gao
- Department of Periodontics, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ying-Hong Zhou
- Department of Periodontics, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Queensland University of Technology, Centre for Biomedical Technologies, Queensland, Australia
| | - Gang Luo
- Department of Periodontics, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ting Yu
- Department of Periodontics, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Ibrahim W, Carr L, Cordell R, Wilde MJ, Salman D, Monks PS, Thomas P, Brightling CE, Siddiqui S, Greening NJ. Breathomics for the clinician: the use of volatile organic compounds in respiratory diseases. Thorax 2021; 76:514-521. [PMID: 33414240 PMCID: PMC7611078 DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2020-215667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Exhaled breath analysis has the potential to provide valuable insight on the status of various metabolic pathways taking place in the lungs locally and other vital organs, via systemic circulation. For years, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) have been proposed as feasible alternative diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for different respiratory pathologies.We reviewed the currently published literature on the discovery of exhaled breath VOCs and their utilisation in various respiratory diseasesKey barriers in the development of clinical breath tests include the lack of unified consensus for breath collection and analysis and the complexity of understanding the relationship between the exhaled VOCs and the underlying metabolic pathways. We present a comprehensive overview, in light of published literature and our experience from coordinating a national breathomics centre, of the progress made to date and some of the key challenges in the field and ways to overcome them. We particularly focus on the relevance of breathomics to clinicians and the valuable insights it adds to diagnostics and disease monitoring.Breathomics holds great promise and our findings merit further large-scale multicentre diagnostic studies using standardised protocols to help position this novel technology at the centre of respiratory disease diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wadah Ibrahim
- Department of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- Institute for Lung Health, Leicester NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester, UK
| | - Liesl Carr
- Institute for Lung Health, Leicester NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester, UK
| | | | | | - Dahlia Salman
- Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - Paul S Monks
- School of Chemistry, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Paul Thomas
- Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - Chris E Brightling
- Department of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- Institute for Lung Health, Leicester NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester, UK
| | - Salman Siddiqui
- Department of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- Institute for Lung Health, Leicester NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester, UK
| | - Neil J Greening
- Department of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- Institute for Lung Health, Leicester NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester, UK
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Ma X, Wang Y, Wu H, Li F, Feng X, Xie Y, Xie D, Wang W, Lo ECM, Lu H. Periodontal health related-inflammatory and metabolic profiles of patients with end-stage renal disease: potential strategy for predictive, preventive, and personalized medicine. EPMA J 2021; 12:117-128. [PMID: 33903806 PMCID: PMC8060784 DOI: 10.1007/s13167-021-00239-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Objectives To compare the periodontal health related–inflammatory and metabolic differences between patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and healthy controls (HC), and to identify potential biomarkers in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and serum of ESRD patients for predictive, preventive, and personalized medicine (PPPM). Methods Patients with ESRD (ESRD group; n = 52) and healthy controls (HC group; n = 44) were recruited. Clinical periodontal parameters were recorded. The differential metabolites in the GCF and serum were identified by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS). Inflammatory markers including interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8), and C-reactive protein (CRP) were also assessed. Results In the ESRD group, IL-8 and CRP were significantly higher in GCF, whereas IL-6 and CRP were significantly higher in serum, compared with HC group (all P < 0.05). In the case of GCF, taurine levels were positively correlated with IL-8 levels in both groups (all P < 0.05). In the case of serum, l-phenylalanine and p-hydroxyphenylacetic acid levels were positively correlated with CRP levels in both groups (all P < 0.05). Significant positive correlations were observed between metabolites (including pseudouridine, l-phenylalanine, and p-hydroxyphenylacetic acid) and IL-6 levels only in ESRD group. Conclusions IL-8 and CRP are potential inflammatory makers that reflect the periodontal health of ESRD individual, which may be considered the valuable predictive diagnostics in the agreement with PPPM philosophy. Besides, metabolites of taurine in GCF as well as l-phenylalanine and p-hydroxyphenylacetic acid in serum are possible biomarkers correlated with inflammatory markers. All these biomarkers may also be highly recommended as a novel predictive/diagnostic tool for the assessment of inflammatory status from the perspectives of PPPM in view of susceptible population and individual screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxin Ma
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongli Wang
- Laboratory of Oral Microbiota and Systemic Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongyu Wu
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Fei Li
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiping Feng
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingxin Xie
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Danshu Xie
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenji Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Edward Chin Man Lo
- Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Hong Kong, 34 Hospital Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Haixia Lu
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, China
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Drift of the Subgingival Periodontal Microbiome during Chronic Periodontitis in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10050504. [PMID: 33922308 PMCID: PMC8145315 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10050504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Since periodontitis and type 2 diabetes mellitus are complex diseases, a thorough understanding of their pathogenesis requires knowing the relationship of these pathologies with other disorders and environmental factors. In this study, the representability of the subgingival periodontal microbiome of 46 subjects was studied by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and shotgun sequencing of pooled samples. We examined 15 patients with chronic periodontitis (CP), 15 patients with chronic periodontitis associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (CPT2DM), and 16 healthy subjects (Control). The severity of generalized chronic periodontitis in both periodontitis groups of patients (CP and CPT2DM) was moderate (stage II). The male to female ratios were approximately equal in each group (22 males and 24 females); the average age of the subjects was 53.9 ± 7.3 and 54.3 ± 7.2 years, respectively. The presence of overweight patients (Body Mass Index (BMI) 30–34.9 kg/m2) and patients with class 1–2 obesity (BMI 35–45.9 kg/m2) was significantly higher in the CPT2DM group than in patients having only chronic periodontitis or in the Control group. However, there was no statistically significant difference in all clinical indices between the CP and CPT2DM groups. An analysis of the metagenomic data revealed that the alpha diversity in the CPT2DM group was increased compared to that in the CP and Control groups. The microbiome biomarkers associated with experimental groups were evaluated. In both groups of patients with periodontitis, the relative abundance of Porphyromonadaceae was increased compared to that in the Control group. The CPT2DM group was characterized by a lower relative abundance of Streptococcaceae/Pasteurellaceae and a higher abundance of Leptotrichiaceae compared to those in the CP and Control groups. Furthermore, the CP and CPT2DM groups differed in terms of the relative abundance of Veillonellaceae (which was decreased in the CPT2DM group compared to CP) and Neisseriaceae (which was increased in the CPT2DM group compared to CP). In addition, differences in bacterial content were identified by a combination of shotgun sequencing of pooled samples and genome-resolved metagenomics. The results indicate that there are subgingival microbiome-specific features in patients with chronic periodontitis associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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47
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Baima G, Corana M, Iaderosa G, Romano F, Citterio F, Meoni G, Tenori L, Aimetti M. Metabolomics of gingival crevicular fluid to identify biomarkers for periodontitis: A systematic review with meta-analysis. J Periodontal Res 2021; 56:633-645. [PMID: 33710624 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The present systematic review aimed to examine periodontitis-specific biomarkers in the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) that could have a diagnostic relevance, and to provide a qualitative assessment of the current literature. Metabolites are reliable indicators of pathophysiological statuses, and their quantification in the GCF can provide an outlook of the changes associated with periodontitis and have diagnostic value. Relevant studies identified from PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Scopus databases were examined to answer the following PECO question: "In systemically healthy individuals, can concentration of specific metabolites in the GCF be used to discriminate subjects with healthy periodontium (H) or gingivitis from patients with periodontitis (P) and which is the diagnostic accuracy?" Quality of included studies was rated using a modified version of the QUADOMICS tool. Meta-analysis was conducted whenever possible. After the screening of 1,554 titles, 15 studies were selected, with sample size ranging from 30 to 93 subjects. Eleven studies performed targeted metabolomics analysis and provided data for 10 metabolites. Among the most consistent markers, malondialdehyde levels were found higher in the P group compared with H group (SMD = 2.86; 95% CI: 1.64, 4.08). Also, a significant increase of 8-hydroxy-deoxyguanosine, 4-hydroxynonenal, and neopterin was detected in periodontally diseased sites, while glutathione showed an inverse trend. When considering data from untargeted metabolomic analysis in four studies, more than 40 metabolites were found significantly discriminant, mainly related to amino acids and lipids degradation pathways. Notably, only one study reported measures of diagnostic accuracy. Several metabolites were differentially expressed in GCF of subjects across different periodontal conditions, having a major potential for investigating periodontal pathophysiology and for site-specific diagnosis. Oxidative stress-related molecules, such as malondialdehyde and 8-hydroxy-deoxyguanosine, were the most consistently associated to periodontitis (PROSPERO CRD42020188482).
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Baima
- Department of Surgical Sciences, C.I.R. Dental School, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Matteo Corana
- Department of Surgical Sciences, C.I.R. Dental School, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Giovanni Iaderosa
- Department of Surgical Sciences, C.I.R. Dental School, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Federica Romano
- Department of Surgical Sciences, C.I.R. Dental School, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Filippo Citterio
- Department of Surgical Sciences, C.I.R. Dental School, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Gaia Meoni
- Giotto Biotech S.R.L, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Leonardo Tenori
- Magnetic Resonance Center (CERM), University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy.,Department of Chemistry, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Mario Aimetti
- Department of Surgical Sciences, C.I.R. Dental School, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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Amin M, Tang S, Shalamanova L, Taylor RL, Wylie S, Abdullah BM, Whitehead KA. Polyamine biomarkers as indicators of human disease. Biomarkers 2021; 26:77-94. [PMID: 33439737 DOI: 10.1080/1354750x.2021.1875506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The significant increase of periodontitis, chronic kidney disease (CKD), Alzheimer's disease and cancer can be attributed to an ageing population. Each disease produces a range of biomarkers that can be indicative of disease onset and progression. Biomarkers are defined as cellular (intra/extracellular components and whole cells), biochemical (metabolites, ions and toxins) or molecular (nucleic acids, proteins and lipids) alterations which are measurable in biological media such as human tissues, cells or fluids. An interesting group of biomarkers that merit further investigation are the polyamines. Polyamines are a group of molecules consisting of cadaverine, putrescine, spermine and spermidine and have been implicated in the development of a range of systemic diseases, in part due to their production in periodontitis. Cadaverine and putrescine within the periodontal environment have demonstrated cell signalling interfering abilities, by way of leukocyte migration disruption. The polyamines spermine and spermidine in tumour cells have been shown to inhibit cellular apoptosis, effectively prolonging tumorigenesis and continuation of cancer within the host. Polyamine degradation products such as acrolein have been shown to exacerbate renal damage in CKD patients. Thus, the use of such molecules has merit to be utilized in the early indication of such diseases in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsin Amin
- Microbiology at Interfaces, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK.,Department of Engineering and Technology, Built Environment, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Shiying Tang
- Microbiology at Interfaces, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK.,Department of Life Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | - Liliana Shalamanova
- Department of Life Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | - Rebecca L Taylor
- Department of Life Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | - Stephen Wylie
- Department of Engineering and Technology, Civil Engineering, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Badr M Abdullah
- Department of Engineering and Technology, Built Environment, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Kathryn A Whitehead
- Microbiology at Interfaces, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK.,Department of Life Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
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Baima G, Iaderosa G, Citterio F, Grossi S, Romano F, Berta GN, Buduneli N, Aimetti M. Salivary metabolomics for the diagnosis of periodontal diseases: a systematic review with methodological quality assessment. Metabolomics 2021; 17:1. [PMID: 33387070 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-020-01754-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Early diagnosis of periodontitis by means of a rapid, accurate and non-invasive method is highly desirable to reduce the individual and epidemiological burden of this largely prevalent disease. OBJECTIVES The aims of the present systematic review were to examine potential salivary metabolic biomarkers and pathways associated to periodontitis, and to assess the accuracy of salivary untargeted metabolomics for the diagnosis of periodontal diseases. METHODS Relevant studies identified from MEDLINE (PubMed), Embase and Scopus databases were systematically examined for analytical protocols, metabolic biomarkers and results from the multivariate analysis (MVA). Pathway analysis was performed using the MetaboAnalyst online software and quality assessment by means of a modified version of the QUADOMICS tool. RESULTS Twelve studies met the inclusion criteria, with sample sizes ranging from 19 to 130 subjects. Compared to periodontally healthy individuals, valine, phenylalanine, isoleucine, tyrosine and butyrate were found upregulated in periodontitis patients in most studies; while lactate, pyruvate and N-acetyl groups were the most significantly expressed in healthy individuals. Metabolic pathways that resulted dysregulated are mainly implicated in inflammation, oxidative stress, immune activation and bacterial energetic metabolism. The findings from MVA revealed that periodontitis is characterized by a specific metabolic signature in saliva, with coefficients of determination ranging from 0.52 to 0.99. CONCLUSIONS This systematic review summarizes candidate metabolic biomarkers and pathways related to periodontitis, which may provide opportunities for the validation of diagnostic or predictive models and the discovery of novel targets for monitoring and treating such a disease (PROSPERO CRD42020188482).
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Baima
- Department of Surgical Sciences, C.I.R. Dental School, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.
| | - Giovanni Iaderosa
- Department of Surgical Sciences, C.I.R. Dental School, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Filippo Citterio
- Department of Surgical Sciences, C.I.R. Dental School, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Silvia Grossi
- Department of Surgical Sciences, C.I.R. Dental School, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Federica Romano
- Department of Surgical Sciences, C.I.R. Dental School, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Giovanni N Berta
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Nurcan Buduneli
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Ege University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Mario Aimetti
- Department of Surgical Sciences, C.I.R. Dental School, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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Miller CS, Ding X, Dawson DR, Ebersole JL. Salivary biomarkers for discriminating periodontitis in the presence of diabetes. J Clin Periodontol 2020; 48:216-225. [PMID: 33098098 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
AIM Salivary biomarkers can help in assessment of periodontitis; however, concentrations may be altered in the presence of diabetes. Hence, the ability of salivary biomarkers to discriminate periodontally healthy type II diabetics (T2DM) from T2DM who have periodontitis was examined. METHODS Ninety-two participants (29 with T2DM with chronic periodontitis, DWP; 32 T2DM without chronic periodontitis, DWoP; and 31 Not Periodontitis, NP) provided saliva and clinical parameters of periodontal health were recorded. Salivary concentrations of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8), macrophage inflammatory protein-1α (MIP-1α), adiponectin and resistin were measured by immunoassay. RESULTS Salivary analyte concentrations for IL-1β, MMP-8 and resistin correlated with clinical parameters of periodontitis, with MMP-8 demonstrating the strongest positive correlation with PD ≥5 mm (p < 0.0001). Periodontal health was reflected in salivary analyte concentrations by group, with concentrations of IL-1β and MMP-8 showing significant associations with periodontitis (p ≤ 0.04) that increased in concentration from health to DWoP to DWP. Odds ratio (OR) analyses showed that MMP-8 discriminated periodontitis from NP (OR of 8.12; 95% CI: 1.01-65.33; p = 0.03) and in the presence of T2DM (DWP vs DWoP, OR = 5.09; 95% CI: 1.24-20.92; p = 0.03). CONCLUSION Salivary MMP-8 and IL-1β discriminate periodontitis in T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig S Miller
- Department of Oral Health Practice, Center for Oral Health Research, College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Xiuhua Ding
- Department of Public Health, Western Kentucky University, Bowling Green, KY, USA
| | - Dolph R Dawson
- Department of Oral Health Practice, Center for Oral Health Research, College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Jeffrey L Ebersole
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV, USA
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