1
|
Salminen A, Määttä A, Mäntylä P, Leskelä J, Pietiäinen M, Buhlin K, Suominen A, Paju S, Sattler W, Sinisalo J, Pussinen P. Systemic Metabolic Signatures of Oral Diseases. J Dent Res 2024; 103:13-21. [PMID: 37968796 PMCID: PMC10734208 DOI: 10.1177/00220345231203562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Systemic metabolic signatures of oral diseases have been rarely investigated, and prospective studies do not exist. We analyzed whether signs of current or past infectious/inflammatory oral diseases are associated with circulating metabolites. Two study populations were included: the population-based Health-2000 (n = 6,229) and Parogene (n = 452), a cohort of patients with an indication to coronary angiography. Health-2000 participants (n = 4,116) provided follow-up serum samples 11 y after the baseline. Serum concentrations of 157 metabolites were determined with a nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy-based method. The associations between oral parameters and metabolite concentrations were analyzed using linear regression models adjusted for age, sex, number of teeth, smoking, presence of diabetes, and education (in Health-2000 only). The number of decayed teeth presented positive associations with low-density lipoprotein diameter and the concentrations of pyruvate and citrate. Negative associations were found between caries and the unsaturation degree of fatty acids (FA) and relative proportions of docosahexaenoic and omega-3 FAs. The number of root canal fillings was positively associated with very low-density lipoprotein parameters, such as diameter, cholesterol, triglycerides, and number of particles. Deepened periodontal pockets were positively associated with concentrations of cholesterol, triglycerides, pyruvate, leucine, valine, phenylalanine, and glycoprotein acetyls and negatively associated with high-density lipoprotein (HDL) diameter, FA unsaturation degree, and relative proportions of omega-6 and polyunsaturated FAs. Bleeding on probing (BOP) was associated with increased concentrations of triglycerides and glycoprotein acetyls, as well as decreased proportions of omega-3 and omega-6 FAs. Caries at baseline predicted alterations in apolipoprotein B-containing lipoproteins and HDL-related metabolites in the follow-up, and both caries and BOP were associated with changes in HDL-related metabolites and omega-3 FAs in the follow-up. Signs of current or past infectious/inflammatory oral diseases, especially periodontitis, were associated with metabolic profiles typical for inflammation. Oral diseases may represent a modifiable risk factor for systemic chronic inflammation and thus cardiometabolic disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A. Salminen
- Oral and Maxillofacial diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - A.M. Määttä
- Oral and Maxillofacial diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - P. Mäntylä
- Institute of Dentistry, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Odontology Education, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - J. Leskelä
- Oral and Maxillofacial diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - M. Pietiäinen
- Oral and Maxillofacial diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - K. Buhlin
- Oral and Maxillofacial diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - A.L. Suominen
- Institute of Dentistry, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Odontology Education, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - S. Paju
- Oral and Maxillofacial diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - W. Sattler
- Division of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - J. Sinisalo
- HUCH Heart and Lung Center, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - P.J. Pussinen
- Oral and Maxillofacial diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Institute of Dentistry, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Divaris K, Haworth S, Shaffer J, Anttonen V, Beck J, Furuichi Y, Holtfreter B, Jönsson D, Kocher T, Levy S, Magnusson P, McNeil D, Michaëlsson K, North K, Palotie U, Papapanou P, Pussinen P, Porteous D, Reis K, Salminen A, Schaefer A, Sudo T, Sun Y, Suominen A, Tamahara T, Weinberg S, Lundberg P, Marazita M, Johansson I. Phenotype Harmonization in the GLIDE2 Oral Health Genomics Consortium. J Dent Res 2022; 101:1408-1416. [PMID: 36000800 PMCID: PMC9516613 DOI: 10.1177/00220345221109775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic risk factors play important roles in the etiology of oral, dental, and craniofacial diseases. Identifying the relevant risk loci and understanding their molecular biology could highlight new prevention and management avenues. Our current understanding of oral health genomics suggests that dental caries and periodontitis are polygenic diseases, and very large sample sizes and informative phenotypic measures are required to discover signals and adequately map associations across the human genome. In this article, we introduce the second wave of the Gene-Lifestyle Interactions and Dental Endpoints consortium (GLIDE2) and discuss relevant data analytics challenges, opportunities, and applications. In this phase, the consortium comprises a diverse, multiethnic sample of over 700,000 participants from 21 studies contributing clinical data on dental caries experience and periodontitis. We outline the methodological challenges of combining data from heterogeneous populations, as well as the data reduction problem in resolving detailed clinical examination records into tractable phenotypes, and describe a strategy that addresses this. Specifically, we propose a 3-tiered phenotyping approach aimed at leveraging both the large sample size in the consortium and the detailed clinical information available in some studies, wherein binary, severity-encompassing, and "precision," data-driven clinical traits are employed. As an illustration of the use of data-driven traits across multiple cohorts, we present an application of dental caries experience data harmonization in 8 participating studies (N = 55,143) using previously developed permanent dentition tooth surface-level dental caries pattern traits. We demonstrate that these clinical patterns are transferable across multiple cohorts, have similar relative contributions within each study, and thus are prime targets for genetic interrogation in the expanded and diverse multiethnic sample of GLIDE2. We anticipate that results from GLIDE2 will decisively advance the knowledge base of mechanisms at play in oral, dental, and craniofacial health and disease and further catalyze international collaboration and data and resource sharing in genomics research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K. Divaris
- Division of Pediatric and Public
Health, Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill,
Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings
School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel
Hill, NC, USA
| | - S. Haworth
- Medical Research Council Integrative
Epidemiology United, Department of Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical
School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Bristol Dental School, University of
Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - J.R. Shaffer
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate
School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Center for Craniofacial and Dental
Genetics, Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dental Medicine,
University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - V. Anttonen
- Research Unit of Oral Health Sciences,
Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Center, Oulu
University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - J.D. Beck
- Division of Comprehensive Oral
Health–Periodontology, Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at
Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Y. Furuichi
- Division of Endodontology and
Periodontology, Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Graduate School of Dentistry,
Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - B. Holtfreter
- Department of Restorative Dentistry,
Periodontology, Endodontology, and Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, University
Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - D. Jönsson
- Public Dental Service of Skåne, Lund,
Sweden
- Hypertension and Cardiovascular
Disease, Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Lund University, Malmö,
Sweden
- Faculty of Odontology, Malmö
University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - T. Kocher
- Department of Restorative Dentistry,
Periodontology, Endodontology, and Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, University
Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - S.M. Levy
- Department of Preventive and
Community Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA,
USA
| | - P.K.E. Magnusson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology
and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - D.W. McNeil
- Center for Oral Health Research in
Appalachia, Appalachia, NY, USA
- Department of Psychology, West
Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
- Department of Dental Public Health
& Professional Practice, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - K. Michaëlsson
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Unit
of Medical Epidemiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - K.E. North
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings
School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel
Hill, NC, USA
- Carolina Population Center,
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - U. Palotie
- Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases,
University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - P.N. Papapanou
- Division of Periodontics, Section of
Oral, Diagnostic and Rehabilitation Sciences, Columbia University, College of Dental
Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - P.J. Pussinen
- Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases,
University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Institute of Dentistry, School on
Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - D. Porteous
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental
Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh,
UK
| | - K. Reis
- Institute of Genomics, University of
Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - A. Salminen
- Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases,
University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - A.S. Schaefer
- Department of Periodontology, Oral
Medicine and Oral Surgery, Institute for Dental and Craniofacial Sciences,
Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - T. Sudo
- Institute of Education, Tokyo Medical
and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Y.Q. Sun
- Center for Oral Health Services and
Research Mid-Norway (TkMidt), Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Clinical and Molecular
Medicine, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim,
Norway
| | - A.L. Suominen
- Institute of Dentistry, School on
Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Institute of Dentistry, School on
Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial
Diseases, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
- Public Health Evaluation and
Projection Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki,
Finland
| | - T. Tamahara
- Department of Community Medical
Supports, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai,
Japan
| | - S.M. Weinberg
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate
School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Center for Craniofacial and Dental
Genetics, Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dental Medicine,
University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - P. Lundberg
- Department of Odontology, Section of
Molecular Periodontology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - M.L. Marazita
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate
School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Center for Craniofacial and Dental
Genetics, Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dental Medicine,
University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - I. Johansson
- Department of Odontology, Section of
Cariology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Koskinen I, Boström PJ, Taimen P, Salminen A, Tervahartiala M, Sairanen J, Erickson A, Mirtti T. Prediction of neo-adjuvant chemotherapy response in bladder cancer: the impact of clinical parameters and routine biomarkers. Scand J Urol 2021; 55:448-454. [PMID: 34498951 DOI: 10.1080/21681805.2021.1962403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the role of clinical parameters and immunohistochemical (IHC) biomarkers in their feasibility to predict the effect of neo-adjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) in patients with muscle-invasive urothelial bladder cancer (MIBC). MATERIALS AND METHODS The first 76 consecutive patients with MIBC treated with NAC and radical cystectomy in two University hospitals in Finland between 2008 and 2013 were chosen for this study. After excluding patients with non-urothelial cancer, less than two cycles of chemotherapy, no tissue material for IHC analysis or non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer in re-review, 59 patients were included in the final analysis. A tissue microarray block was constructed from the transurethral resection samples and IHC stainings of Ki-67, p53, Her-2 and EGFR were made. The correlations between histological features in transurethral resection samples and immune-histochemical stainings were calculated. The associations of clinicopathological parameters and IHC stainings with NAC response were evaluated. Factors affecting survival were estimated. RESULTS The complete response rate after NAC was 44%. A higher number of chemotherapy cycles was associated with better response to neo-adjuvant chemotherapy. No response to neo-adjuvant chemotherapy and female gender was associated with decreased cancer-specific survival. The IHC stainings used failed to show an association with neo-adjuvant chemotherapy response and overall or cancer specific survival. CONCLUSIONS Patients who do not respond to neo-adjuvant chemotherapy do significantly worse than responders. This study could not find clinical tools to distinguish responders from non-responders. Further studies preferably with larger cohorts addressing this issue are warranted to improve the selection of patients for neo-adjuvant chemotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I Koskinen
- Department of Urology, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - P J Boström
- Department of Urology, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - P Taimen
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Department of Pathology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - A Salminen
- Department of Urology, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - M Tervahartiala
- Department of Surgery, Lohja Regional Hospital, Lohja, Finland
| | - J Sairanen
- Department of Urology, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - A Erickson
- Department of Pathology (HUSLAB), Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland and FIMM.,Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - T Mirtti
- Department of Pathology (HUSLAB), Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland and FIMM
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Liljestrand JM, Salminen A, Pussinen PJ. Response to Letter to Editor regarding article, 'Association between dental factors and mortality'. Int Endod J 2021; 54:1001. [PMID: 33951218 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J M Liljestrand
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - A Salminen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - P J Pussinen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Paju S, Pietiäinen M, Liljestrand JM, Lahdentausta L, Salminen A, Kopra E, Mäntylä P, Buhlin K, Hörkkö S, Sinisalo J, Pussinen PJ. Carotid artery calcification in panoramic radiographs associates with oral infections and mortality. Int Endod J 2021; 54:638. [PMID: 33720441 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S Paju
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - M Pietiäinen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - J M Liljestrand
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - L Lahdentausta
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - A Salminen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - E Kopra
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - P Mäntylä
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,Institute of Dentistry, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Kuopio, Finland
| | - K Buhlin
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,Division of Periodontology, Department of Dental Medicine, Division of Oral Diseases, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - S Hörkkö
- Research Unit of Biomedicine, Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Medical Research Center and Nordlab Oulu, University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - J Sinisalo
- Heart and Lung Center, Helsinki University Hospital and Helsinki University, Helsinki, Finland
| | - P J Pussinen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Liljestrand JM, Salminen A, Lahdentausta L, Paju S, Mäntylä P, Buhlin K, Tjäderhane L, Sinisalo J, Pussinen PJ. Association between dental factors and mortality. Int Endod J 2020; 54:672-681. [PMID: 33275782 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AIM To study whether oral parameters such as endodontic infections, root canal fillings, number of teeth or wearing removable dentures at baseline are associated with cardiovascular- and all-cause mortality in a follow-up of approximately 8 years. METHODOLOGY The Finnish Parogene cohort consists of 508 Finnish adults (mean age 63.3 years, SD 9.1) with cardiac symptoms, all of whom had undergone coronary angiography for accurate baseline coronary status. Extensive clinical and radiographic oral examinations were performed, and additional data were acquired from medical records and questionnaires. Root canal fillings and endodontic lesions, as well as their co-occurrence, were determined from panoramic radiographs. The mortality data were assessed via record linkage with the Finnish Causes of Death register (mean follow-up time 7.81 years, SD 1.45 years). A total of n = 471 dentate patients were included in the statistical analyses. RESULTS A total of n = 69 deaths were recorded, of which n = 41 were due to cardiovascular diseases (CVDs, ICD-10 I00-I99). The deceased had fewer root canal fillings (mean 1.57; SD 1.64 vs. mean 2.30; SD 2.34, P = 0.03) than the survivors. The number of missing teeth was associated with smoking, occluded coronary arteries and diabetes. Cox regression with Firth's penalized maximum-likelihood method using age as timescale revealed an inverse association (HR; 95%CI) between mortality and number of teeth (all-cause 0.91; 0.86-0.96, CVD mortality 0.89; 0.83-0.96), use of removable dentures (all-cause 0.24; 0.09-0.62, CVD mortality 0.20; 0.06-0.72), root canal fillings (all-cause 0.82; 0.70-0.94, CVD mortality 0.79; 0.63-0.96) and having root canal fillings in all teeth with apical rarefactions (all-cause 0.27; 0.06-0.79, CVD mortality 0.09; 0.01-0.63), when gender, smoking, occluded coronary arteries, periodontal inflammatory burden index and the number of teeth were adjusted for. CONCLUSIONS The number of missing teeth appeared to be the strongest predictor of mortality in this study, whereas endodontic infections per se had no independent association. Nevertheless, signs of professional intervention in these problems, such as root canal fillings and removable dentures, appeared to be associated with improved survival, which might partly be explained by the utilization of healthcare services.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J M Liljestrand
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - A Salminen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - L Lahdentausta
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - S Paju
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - P Mäntylä
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,Institute of Dentistry, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Kuopio, Finland
| | - K Buhlin
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,Division of Periodontology, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - L Tjäderhane
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,Research Unit of Oral Health Sciences, and Medical Research Center Oulu (MRC Oulu), Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - J Sinisalo
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - P J Pussinen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Paju S, Pietiäinen M, Liljestrand JM, Lahdentausta L, Salminen A, Kopra E, Mäntylä P, Buhlin K, Hörkkö S, Sinisalo J, Pussinen PJ. Carotid artery calcification in panoramic radiographs associates with oral infections and mortality. Int Endod J 2020; 54:15-25. [PMID: 32865251 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
AIM To study the prevalence of carotid artery calcification (CAC) in relation to apical and marginal periodontitis, subgingival dysbiotic bacterial species and serum and saliva immune responses against them. In addition, the aim was to analyse the association of CAC with angiographically verified coronary artery disease (CAD) and mortality. METHODOLOGY In the present random Parogene cohort, the patients had an indication for coronary angiography. Apical and marginal periodontitis were diagnosed during clinical and radiographic oral examinations, and CAC on panoramic radiographs (n = 492). Presence and severity of CAD were registered from angiography. Subgingival dysbiotic bacterial species were quantitated using checkerboard DNA-DNA-hybridization, and serum and saliva antibody levels were determined by immunoassays. The cohort was followed-up for 10 years or until death (median 9.9, range 0.21-10.4) via linkage to the national death register. The statistical models were adjusted for age, gender, smoking, hypertension, diabetes and dyslipidemia. RESULTS A total of 102 (20.7%) patients had detectable CAC, which was moderate in 81 (16.4%) and severe in 21 (4.3%). CAC was associated (OR, 95% CI) with severe apical periodontitis (2.25, 1.15-4.41), root canal fillings (1.15, 1.04-1.26), alveolar bone loss (2.66, 1.21-5.84), severe periodontal inflammation (2.23, 1.11-4.47), high level of gram-negative subgingival species (2.73, 1.34-5.50), saliva IgG against dysbiotic species (1.05, 1.01-1.10/unit) and severe (2.58, 1.36-4.90) and chronic (2.13, 1.15-3.93) CAD. A total of 105 (20.7%) patients died during the follow-up and 53 (10.4%) deaths were because of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Severe CAC predicted worse survival with HRs (95% CI) of 3.08 (1.58-6.06) for all-cause and 3.43 (1.42-8.25) for CVD death. CONCLUSIONS CAC on panoramic tomography was associated with (i) apical and marginal periodontitis and dysbiotic bacterial species giving rise to an immunological response, and with (ii) severe, chronic CAD and increased mortality. The results further emphasize the role of oral infections in CAD and the importance of referring a patient with CAC for a cardiovascular evaluation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Paju
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - M Pietiäinen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - J M Liljestrand
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - L Lahdentausta
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - A Salminen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - E Kopra
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - P Mäntylä
- Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Institute of Dentistry, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - K Buhlin
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,Division of Periodontology, Division of Oral Diseases, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - S Hörkkö
- Research Unit of Biomedicine, Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Medical Research Center and Nordlab Oulu, University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - J Sinisalo
- Heart and Lung Center, Helsinki University Hospital and Helsinki University, Helsinki, Finland
| | - P J Pussinen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Pussinen PJ, Paju S, Viikari J, Salminen A, Taittonen L, Laitinen T, Burgner D, Kähönen M, Lehtimäki T, Hutri-Kähönen N, Raitakari O, Juonala M. Childhood Oral Infections Associate with Adulthood Metabolic Syndrome: A Longitudinal Cohort Study. J Dent Res 2020; 99:1165-1173. [PMID: 32479136 PMCID: PMC7443963 DOI: 10.1177/0022034520929271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic oral infection/inflammation is cross-sectionally associated with metabolic syndrome (MetS) in adults, but there are few longitudinal studies and studies on childhood oral infections and adult MetS risk. We investigated whether childhood clinical parameters indicative of oral infection/inflammation were associated with adulthood MetS and its components. A total of 755 children aged 6, 9, and 12 y underwent a clinical oral examination in 1980 as part of the Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study. Oral health measures included bleeding on probing (BOP), periodontal probing pocket depth, caries, fillings, and visible plaque. Metabolic parameters were determined at baseline and during follow-up. MetS was diagnosed (n = 588, 77.9%) in the adulthood at 21 y (in 2001), 27 y (in 2007), and 31 y (in 2011) after the oral assessment, when the participants were 27 to 43 y old. Regression analyses were adjusted for childhood age, sex, body mass index, and family income, as well as adulthood smoking and education level. In adulthood, MetS was diagnosed in 11.9% (2001), 18.7% (2007), and 20.7% (2011) of participants at the 3 follow-ups. Childhood caries and fillings were associated with increased risk of adult MetS (risk ratio [95% CI], 1.25 [0.90 to 2.45] and 1.27 [1.02 to 1.99]) and with increased systolic blood pressure (1.78 [1.01 to 4.26] and 2.48 [1.11 to 4.12]) and waist circumference (2.25 [1.02 to 4.99] and 1.56 [1.01 to 3.25]), whereas BOP and visible plaque were associated with plasma glucose (1.97 [1.08 to 3.60] and 1.88 [1.00 to 3.53]). Severity of BOP (P = 0.015) and caries (P = 0.005) and teeth with plaque (P = 0.027) were associated with number of MetS components. No such trends were seen with probing pocket depth. Childhood oral infection/inflammation was associated with adverse metabolic parameters and MetS in adulthood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P J Pussinen
- Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - S Paju
- Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - J Viikari
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - A Salminen
- Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - T Laitinen
- University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - D Burgner
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - M Kähönen
- University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - T Lehtimäki
- Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center-Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | | | - O Raitakari
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.,Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.,Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - M Juonala
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Horwich A, Babjuk M, Bellmunt J, Bruins HM, De Reijke TM, De Santis M, Gillessen S, James N, Maclennan S, Palou J, Powles T, Ribal MJ, Shariat SF, Van Der Kwast T, Xylinas E, Agarwal N, Arends T, Bamias A, Birtle A, Black PC, Bochner BH, Bolla M, Boormans JL, Bossi A, Briganti A, Brummelhuis I, Burger M, Castellano D, Cathomas R, Chiti A, Choudhury A, Compérat E, Crabb S, Culine S, De Bari B, DeBlok W, De Visschere PJL, Decaestecker K, Dimitropoulos K, Dominguez-Escrig JL, Fanti S, Fonteyne V, Frydenberg M, Futterer JJ, Gakis G, Geavlete B, Gontero P, Grubmüller B, Hafeez S, Hansel DE, Hartmann A, Hayne D, Henry AM, Hernandez V, Herr H, Herrmann K, Hoskin P, Huguet J, Jereczek-Fossa BA, Jones R, Kamat AM, Khoo V, Kiltie AE, Krege S, Ladoire S, Lara PC, Leliveld A, Linares-Espinós E, Løgager V, Lorch A, Loriot Y, Meijer R, Carmen Mir M, Moschini M, Mostafid H, Müller AC, Müller CR, N'Dow J, Necchi A, Neuzillet Y, Oddens JR, Oldenburg J, Osanto S, Oyen WJG, Pacheco-Figueiredo L, Pappot H, Patel MI, Pieters BR, Plass K, Remzi M, Retz M, Richenberg J, Rink M, Roghmann F, Rosenberg JE, Rouprêt M, Rouvière O, Salembier C, Salminen A, Sargos P, Sengupta S, Sherif A, Smeenk RJ, Smits A, Stenzl A, Thalmann GN, Tombal B, Turkbey B, Vahr Lauridsen S, Valdagni R, Van Der Heijden AG, Van Poppel H, Vartolomei MD, Veskimäe E, Vilaseca A, Vives Rivera FA, Wiegel T, Wiklund P, Williams A, Zigeuner R, Witjes JA. EAU-ESMO consensus statements on the management of advanced and variant bladder cancer-an international collaborative multi-stakeholder effort: under the auspices of the EAU and ESMO Guidelines Committees†. Ann Oncol 2019; 30:1697-1727. [PMID: 31740927 PMCID: PMC7360152 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdz296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although guidelines exist for advanced and variant bladder cancer management, evidence is limited/conflicting in some areas and the optimal approach remains controversial. OBJECTIVE To bring together a large multidisciplinary group of experts to develop consensus statements on controversial topics in bladder cancer management. DESIGN A steering committee compiled proposed statements regarding advanced and variant bladder cancer management which were assessed by 113 experts in a Delphi survey. Statements not reaching consensus were reviewed; those prioritised were revised by a panel of 45 experts before voting during a consensus conference. SETTING Online Delphi survey and consensus conference. PARTICIPANTS The European Association of Urology (EAU), the European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO), experts in bladder cancer management. OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Statements were ranked by experts according to their level of agreement: 1-3 (disagree), 4-6 (equivocal), 7-9 (agree). A priori (level 1) consensus was defined as ≥70% agreement and ≤15% disagreement, or vice versa. In the Delphi survey, a second analysis was restricted to stakeholder group(s) considered to have adequate expertise relating to each statement (to achieve level 2 consensus). RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS Overall, 116 statements were included in the Delphi survey. Of these, 33 (28%) statements achieved level 1 consensus and 49 (42%) statements achieved level 1 or 2 consensus. At the consensus conference, 22 of 27 (81%) statements achieved consensus. These consensus statements provide further guidance across a broad range of topics, including the management of variant histologies, the role/limitations of prognostic biomarkers in clinical decision making, bladder preservation strategies, modern radiotherapy techniques, the management of oligometastatic disease and the evolving role of checkpoint inhibitor therapy in metastatic disease. CONCLUSIONS These consensus statements provide further guidance on controversial topics in advanced and variant bladder cancer management until a time where further evidence is available to guide our approach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Horwich
- Emeritus Professor, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK; Emeritus Professor, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK.
| | - M Babjuk
- Depatment of Urology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Hospital Motol, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Urology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - J Bellmunt
- IMIM-Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain; Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - H M Bruins
- Department of Urology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen
| | - T M De Reijke
- Department of Urology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M De Santis
- Department of Urology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Department of Urology, Charité University Hospital, Berlin, Germany
| | - S Gillessen
- Division of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester; The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK; Division of Oncology and Haematology, Kantonsspital St Gallen, St Gallen; University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - N James
- University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham; Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham
| | - S Maclennan
- Academic Urology Unit, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - J Palou
- Department of Urology, Fundació Puigvert, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - T Powles
- The Royal Free NHS Trust, London; Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - M J Ribal
- Uro-Oncology Unit, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - S F Shariat
- Depatment of Urology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Hospital Motol, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Urology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York; Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, USA; Institute for Urology and Reproductive Health, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - T Van Der Kwast
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - E Xylinas
- Department of Urology, Bichat-Claude Bernard Hospital, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris; Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - N Agarwal
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah (NCI-CCC), Salt Lake City, USA
| | - T Arends
- Urology Department, Canisius-Wilhelmina Ziekenhuis Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - A Bamias
- 2nd Propaedeutic Dept of Internal Medicine, Medical School, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - A Birtle
- Division of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester; Rosemere Cancer Centre, Lancashire Teaching Hospitals, Preston, UK
| | - P C Black
- Department of Urologic Sciences, Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - B H Bochner
- Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York; Urology Service, Department of Urology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, USA
| | - M Bolla
- Emeritus Professor of Radiation Oncology, Grenoble - Alpes University, Grenoble, France
| | - J L Boormans
- Department of Urology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A Bossi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Gustave Roussy Institute, Villejuif, France
| | - A Briganti
- Department of Urology, Urological Research Institute, Milan; Vita-Salute University, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - I Brummelhuis
- Department of Urology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen
| | - M Burger
- Department of Urology, Caritas-St. Josef Medical Center, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - D Castellano
- Medical Oncology Department, 12 de Octubre University Hospital (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - R Cathomas
- Department Innere Medizin, Abteilung Onkologie und Hämatologie, Kantonsspital Graubünden, Chur, Switzerland
| | - A Chiti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan; Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - A Choudhury
- Division of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester; The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - E Compérat
- Department of Pathology, Tenon Hospital, HUEP, Paris; Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | - S Crabb
- Cancer Sciences Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - S Culine
- Department of Cancer Medicine, Hôpital Saint Louis, Paris
| | - B De Bari
- Radiation Oncology Department, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire "Jean Minjoz" of Besançon, INSERM UMR 1098, Besançon, France; Radiation Oncology Department, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Université de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - W DeBlok
- Department of Urology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - P J L De Visschere
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Division of Genitourinary Radiology and Mammography, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent
| | - K Decaestecker
- Department of Urology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - K Dimitropoulos
- Department of Urology, Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen, UK
| | - J L Dominguez-Escrig
- Servicio de Urología, Fundación Instituto Valenciano de Oncología, Valencia, Spain
| | - S Fanti
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Policlinico S Orsola, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - V Fonteyne
- Department of Radiotherapy Oncology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - M Frydenberg
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - J J Futterer
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - G Gakis
- Department of Urology and Paediatric Urology, University Hospital of Würzburg, Julius-Maximillians University, Würzburg, Germany
| | - B Geavlete
- Department of Urology, Saint John Emergency Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
| | - P Gontero
- Division of Urology, Molinette Hospital, University of Studies of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - B Grubmüller
- Department of Urology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - S Hafeez
- Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research, London; Department of Clinical Oncology, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - D E Hansel
- Department of Urology, University of California, San Diego Pathology, La Jolla, USA
| | - A Hartmann
- Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander University (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - D Hayne
- Department of Urology, UWA Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - A M Henry
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - V Hernandez
- Department of Urology, Hospital Universitario Fundación de Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - H Herr
- Urology Service, Department of Urology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, USA
| | - K Herrmann
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - P Hoskin
- Division of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester; The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK; Mount Vernon Centre for Cancer Treatment, London, UK
| | - J Huguet
- Department of Urology, Fundació Puigvert, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - B A Jereczek-Fossa
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-oncology, University of Milan, Milan; Division of Radiotherapy, IEO European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - R Jones
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, College of Medicine, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - A M Kamat
- Department of Urology - Division of Surgery, The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - V Khoo
- Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research, London; Department of Clinical Oncology, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne; Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - A E Kiltie
- CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - S Krege
- Department of Urology, Pediatric Urology and Urologic Oncology, Kliniken Essen-Mitte, Essen, Germany
| | - S Ladoire
- Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Georges François Leclerc, Dijon, France
| | - P C Lara
- Department of Oncology, Hospital Universitario San Roque, Canarias; Universidad Fernando Pessoa, Canarias, Spain
| | - A Leliveld
- Department of Urology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - V Løgager
- Department of Radiology, Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev and Gentofte, Herlev, Denmark
| | - A Lorch
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Y Loriot
- Département de Médecine Oncologique, Gustave Roussy, INSERM U981, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - R Meijer
- UMC Utrecht Cancer Center, MS Oncologic Urology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - M Carmen Mir
- Servicio de Urología, Fundación Instituto Valenciano de Oncología, Valencia, Spain
| | - M Moschini
- Department of Urology, Luzerner Kantonsspital, Luzern, Switzerland
| | - H Mostafid
- Department of Urology, Royal Surrey County Hospital, Guildford, UK
| | - A-C Müller
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - C R Müller
- Cancer Treatment Centre, Sorlandet Hospital, Kristiansand, Norway
| | - J N'Dow
- Academic Urology Unit, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK; Department of Urology, Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen, UK
| | - A Necchi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Y Neuzillet
- Department of Urology, Hospital Foch, University of Versailles-Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, Suresnes, France
| | - J R Oddens
- Department of Urology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J Oldenburg
- Department of Oncology, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog; Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - S Osanto
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden
| | - W J G Oyen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan; Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem, The Netherlands
| | - L Pacheco-Figueiredo
- Department of Urology, Centro Hospitalar São João, Porto; Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - H Pappot
- Department of Oncology, Rigshospitalet, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - M I Patel
- Department of Urology, Westmead Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - B R Pieters
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam
| | - K Plass
- EAU Guidelines Office, Arnhem, The Netherlands
| | - M Remzi
- Department of Urology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - M Retz
- Department of Urology, Rechts der Isar Medical Center, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - J Richenberg
- Department of Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, Royal Sussex County Hospital, Brighton; Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, UK
| | - M Rink
- Department of Urology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg
| | - F Roghmann
- Department of Urology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Marien Hospital, Herne, Germany
| | - J E Rosenberg
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York; Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, USA
| | - M Rouprêt
- Department of Urology, Sorbonne Université, GRC n°5, ONCOTYPE-URO, AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris
| | - O Rouvière
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Service d'Imagerie Urinaire et Vasculaire, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Lyon; Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Faculté de Médecine Lyon Est, Lyon, France
| | - C Salembier
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Europe Hospitals Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
| | - A Salminen
- Department of Urology, University Hospital of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - P Sargos
- Department of Radiotherapy, Institut Bergonié, Bordeaux, France
| | - S Sengupta
- Department of Surgery, Austin Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne; Eastern Health Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - A Sherif
- Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Urology and Andrology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - R J Smeenk
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - A Smits
- Department of Urology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen
| | - A Stenzl
- Department of Urology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - G N Thalmann
- Department of Urology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Berne, Switzerland
| | - B Tombal
- Division of Urology, IREC, Cliniques Universitaires Saint Luc, UCL, Brussels, Belgium
| | - B Turkbey
- Molecular Imaging Program, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, USA
| | - S Vahr Lauridsen
- Department of Urology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - R Valdagni
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-oncology, Università degli Studi di Milano, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | | | - H Van Poppel
- Department of Urology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - M D Vartolomei
- Department of Urology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, Targu Mures, Romania
| | - E Veskimäe
- Department of Urology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - A Vilaseca
- Uro-Oncology Unit, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - F A Vives Rivera
- Clinica HematoOncologica Bonadona Prevenir, Universidad Metropolitana, Clinica Club de Leones, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - T Wiegel
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - P Wiklund
- Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai Health System, New York City, USA; Department of Urology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - A Williams
- Department of Urology, Auckland City Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - R Zigeuner
- Department of Urology, Medizinische Universität Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - J A Witjes
- Department of Urology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Salminen A, Nupponen J, Rimpilä V, Polo O. Periodic leg movements associated with peripheral vasoconstriction during sleep. Sleep Med 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2015.02.464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
11
|
Rimpilä V, Saaresranta T, Hosokawa K, Huhtala H, Salminen A, Polo O. Transcutaneous carbon dioxide during sleep-disordered breathing. Sleep Med 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2015.02.501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
12
|
Fang C, Song YT, Wei J, Xin JJ, Wu HP, Salminen A, Handroos H. Design and Analysis of the Laser Robotic Welding System for ITER Correction Coil Case. J Fusion Energ 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10894-015-9915-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
13
|
Hyvärinen K, Salminen A, Salomaa V, Pussinen PJ. Systemic exposure to a common periodontal pathogen and missing teeth are associated with metabolic syndrome. Acta Diabetol 2015; 52:179-82. [PMID: 24791962 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-014-0586-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2014] [Accepted: 04/07/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Periodontitis is a common chronic infection of tooth-supporting tissues leading to tooth loss. Two of the major periodontal pathogens are Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and Porphyromonas gingivalis. Clinically diagnosed periodontitis has been associated with metabolic syndrome (MetS). The aim of the study was to investigate the association of serum antibody levels against A. actinomycetemcomitans and P. gingivalis and the number of missing teeth with MetS. The population was the PAIS subcohort of the FINRISK '97 study (n = 1,354). The subjects were men aged 45-74 years, and they participated in this cardiovascular risk factor survey in Finland. A total of 534 (39 %) subjects had MetS defined according to the guidelines of the International Diabetes Federation. Serum antibody levels against the pathogens were measured by multiserotype ELISA. A. actinomycetemcomitans antibody levels and the number of missing teeth were significantly higher in subjects with a large waist circumference or with low serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. The number of missing teeth was also higher among subjects with a high serum triglyceride concentration or high plasma glucose concentration. Seropositivity for A. actinomycetemcomitans was significantly associated with MetS with an odds ratio (OR) 1.42 (95 % confidence interval 1.09-1.85, p = 0.009). More than four missing teeth and complete edentulousness were also significantly associated with MetS with ORs 1.69 (1.26-2.27, p < 0.001) and 1.93 (1.30-2.86, p = 0.001), respectively. Missing teeth and systemic exposure to A. actinomycetemcomitans were associated with several components of Mets. Infection with this common pathogen or the host response against it is associated with the presence of MetS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Hyvärinen
- Institute of Dentistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 63, 00014, Helsinki, Finland,
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Spoljaric S, Salminen A, Luong ND, Seppälä J. Elastic, crosslinked poly(acrylic acid) filaments: nanocellulose reinforcement and graphene lubrication. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra24539g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hybrid monofilaments of poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) and 1,6-hexanediol diglycidyl ether (16DGE), compounded with nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) and graphene, were thermally crosslinked and subsequently spun from aqueous solution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S. Spoljaric
- Polymer Technology Research Group
- Department of Biotechnology and Chemical Technology
- School of Chemical Technology
- Aalto University
- Finland
| | - A. Salminen
- Polymer Technology Research Group
- Department of Biotechnology and Chemical Technology
- School of Chemical Technology
- Aalto University
- Finland
| | - N. D. Luong
- Polymer Technology Research Group
- Department of Biotechnology and Chemical Technology
- School of Chemical Technology
- Aalto University
- Finland
| | - J. Seppälä
- Polymer Technology Research Group
- Department of Biotechnology and Chemical Technology
- School of Chemical Technology
- Aalto University
- Finland
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Salminen A, Polo O. Peripheral hypoxia in patients with restless legs syndrome. Sleep Med 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2013.11.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
16
|
Salminen A, Manconi M, Rimpilä V, Luoto T, Ferri R, Polo O. Periodic leg movements in spinal cord injury: evaluation of arousals and treatment effect. Sleep Med 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2013.11.619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
17
|
Nupponen J, Rimpilä V, Salminen A, Polo O. Assessment of the reliability of the nocturnal tcCO2 signals with trend lines. Sleep Med 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2013.11.531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
18
|
Vänskä M, Abt F, Weber R, Salminen A, Graf T. Effects of Welding Parameters Onto Keyhole Geometry for Partial Penetration Laser Welding. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phpro.2013.03.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
19
|
Widmaier T, Juhanko J, Piili H, Kuosmanen P, Salminen A, Happonen A, Kontio J, Nyrhilä O. Digital design and manufacturing process comparison for new custom made product family – a case study of a bathroom faucet. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.3176/eng.2013.1.07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
|
20
|
Korhonen P, van Groen T, Thornell A, Kyrylenko S, Soininen ML, Ojala J, Peltomaa E, Tanila H, Salminen A, Mandelkow E, Soininen H. Characterization of a novel transgenic rat carrying human tau with mutation P301L. Neurobiol Aging 2011; 32:2314-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2009.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2009] [Revised: 12/14/2009] [Accepted: 12/24/2009] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
21
|
Tuominen H, Salminen A, Oksanen E, Jämsen J, Heikkilä O, Lehtiö L, Magretova NN, Goldman A, Baykov AA, Lahti R. Crystal structures of the CBS and DRTGG domains of the regulatory region of Clostridiumperfringens pyrophosphatase complexed with the inhibitor, AMP, and activator, diadenosine tetraphosphate. J Mol Biol 2010; 398:400-13. [PMID: 20303981 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2010.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2009] [Revised: 03/10/2010] [Accepted: 03/10/2010] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Nucleotide-binding cystathionine beta-synthase (CBS) domains serve as regulatory units in numerous proteins distributed in all kingdoms of life. However, the underlying regulatory mechanisms remain to be established. Recently, we described a subfamily of CBS domain-containing pyrophosphatases (PPases) within family II PPases. Here, we express a novel CBS-PPase from Clostridium perfringens (CPE2055) and show that the enzyme is inhibited by AMP and activated by a novel effector, diadenosine 5',5-P1,P4-tetraphosphate (AP(4)A). The structures of the AMP and AP(4)A complexes of the regulatory region of C. perfringens PPase (cpCBS), comprising a pair of CBS domains interlinked by a DRTGG domain, were determined at 2.3 A resolution using X-ray crystallography. The structures obtained are the first structures of a DRTGG domain as part of a larger protein structure. The AMP complex contains two AMP molecules per cpCBS dimer, each bound to a single monomer, whereas in the activator-bound complex, one AP(4)A molecule bridges two monomers. In the nucleotide-bound structures, activator binding induces significant opening of the CBS domain interface, compared with the inhibitor complex. These results provide structural insight into the mechanism of CBS-PPase regulation by nucleotides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Tuominen
- Department of Biochemistry and Food Chemistry, University of Turku, Vatselankatu 2, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Somer H, Salminen A, Knuutila S, Kaitila I. Duchenne like muscular dystrophy in two sisters: evidence for autosomal recessive inheritance. Acta Neurol Scand 2009. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0404.1984.tb02440.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
23
|
Myllylä VV, Takala TES, Tolonen U, Salminen A, Kihlström M, Vihko V. Activities of selected antioxidative, hydrolytic and hexose monophosphate shunt enzymes of skeletal muscle in neuromuscular diseases. Acta Neurol Scand 2009. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0404.1984.tb02425.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
24
|
Kaarniranta K, Salminen A. Age-related macular degeneration: activation of innate immunity system via pattern recognition receptors. J Mol Med (Berl) 2008; 87:117-23. [PMID: 19009282 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-008-0418-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2008] [Accepted: 10/29/2008] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the most common cause of irreversible loss of central vision. Histopathological studies have demonstrated that inflammation is the key player in the pathogenesis of AMD. Genetic studies have revealed that complement factor H is a strong risk factor for the development of AMD. However, innate immunity defence involves several other pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) which can trigger inflammatory responses. Retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells have the main role in the immune defence in macula. In this study, we examine in detail the endogenous danger signals which can activate different PRRs in RPE cells, such as Toll-like, NOD-like and scavenger receptors along with complement system. We also characterise the signalling pathways triggered by PRRs in evoking inflammatory responses. In addition, we will discuss whether AMD pathology could represent the outcome of chronic activation of the innate immunity defence in human macula.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Kaarniranta
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Kuopio, P.O. Box 1627, 70211, Kuopio, Finland.
| | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Salminen A, Ojala J, Huuskonen J, Kauppinen A, Suuronen T, Kaarniranta K. Interaction of aging-associated signaling cascades: inhibition of NF-kappaB signaling by longevity factors FoxOs and SIRT1. Cell Mol Life Sci 2008; 65:1049-58. [PMID: 18193389 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-008-7461-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Research on aging in model organisms has revealed different molecular mechanisms involved in the regulation of the lifespan. Studies on Saccharomyces cerevisiae have highlighted the role of the Sir2 family of genes, human Sirtuin homologs, as the longevity factors. In Caenorhabditis elegans, the daf-16 gene, a mammalian homolog of FoxO genes, was shown to function as a longevity gene. A wide array of studies has provided evidence for a role of the activation of innate immunity during aging process in mammals. This process has been called inflamm-aging. The master regulator of innate immunity is the NF-kappaB system. In this review, we focus on the several interactions of aging-associated signaling cascades regulated either by Sirtuins and FoxOs or NF-kappaB signaling pathways. We provide evidence that signaling via the longevity factors of FoxOs and SIRT1 can inhibit NF-kappaB signaling and simultaneously protect against inflamm-aging process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Salminen
- Department of Neuroscience and Neurology, University of Kuopio, Kuopio, Finland.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Salminen A, Lehtonen M, Suuronen T, Kaarniranta K, Huuskonen J. Terpenoids: natural inhibitors of NF-kappaB signaling with anti-inflammatory and anticancer potential. Cell Mol Life Sci 2008; 65:2979-99. [PMID: 18516495 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-008-8103-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 257] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Traditional medicine has been a fertile source for revealing novel lead molecules for modern drug discovery. In plants, terpenoids represent a chemical defense against environmental stress and provide a repair mechanism for wounds and injuries. Interestingly, effective ingredients in several plant-derived medicinal extracts are also terpenoid compounds of monoterpenoid, sesquiterpenoid, diterpenoid, triterpenoid and carotenoid groups. Inflammatory diseases and cancer are typical therapeutic indications of traditional medicines. Thus folk medicine supports the studies which have demonstrated that plant-derived terpenoid ingredients can suppress nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) signaling, the major regulator in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases and cancer.We review the extensive literature on the different types of terpenoid molecules, totalling 43, which have been verified both inhibiting the NF-kappaB signaling and suppressing the process of inflammation and cancer. It seems that during evolution, plants have established a terpene-based host defense which also represents a cornucopia of effective therapeutic compounds for common human diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Salminen
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Kuopio, P.O. Box 1627, Kuopio, 70211, Finland.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Helisalmi S, Vepsäläinen S, Hiltunen M, Koivisto AM, Salminen A, Laakso M, Soininen H. Genetic study between SIRT1, PPARD, PGC-1alpha genes and Alzheimer's disease. J Neurol 2008; 255:668-73. [PMID: 18438697 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-008-0774-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2007] [Revised: 09/13/2007] [Accepted: 10/09/2007] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in three diabetes-related genes (SIRT1, PPARD, PGC-1alpha) were investigated with a case-control approach. To examine the genetic association of those genes with Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk, we used the TaqMan technique to genotype five SNP sites for SIRT1, six for PPARD and eight for the PGC-1alpha gene, in 326 Finnish AD cases and 463 controls and conducted a single allele and genotypic distribution comparison as well as estimated haplotype frequencies between cases and controls. No significant differences in AD risk were found in single SNP and haplotype analyses for any of the three genes between 326 cases and 463 controls. However, in a subgroup of women older than 65 years, the frequencies of three SNPs in the SIRT1 gene were significantly different between AD and controls. We conclude that there is no real association with SNPs available in the present study between SIRT1, PPARD or PGC-1alpha genes and AD risk in the Finnish population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Helisalmi
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Unit of Neurology and Brain Research Unit, Clinical Research Center, Mediteknia, Kuopio University, PL 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Brandt Å, Löfqvist C, Jónsdottir I, Sund T, Salminen A, Werngren-Elgström M, Iwarsson S. Towards an instrument targeting mobility-related participation: Nordic cross-national reliability. J Rehabil Med 2008; 40:766-72. [DOI: 10.2340/16501977-0244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
|
29
|
Huhtala A, Pohjonen T, Salminen L, Salminen A, Kaarniranta K, Uusitalo H. In vitro biocompatibility of degradable biopolymers in cell line cultures from various ocular tissues: direct contact studies. J Biomed Mater Res A 2007; 83:407-13. [PMID: 17450585 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.31319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Synthetic biodegradable polymers have many potential therapeutic applications. In ophthalmology, biodegradable polymers have been used as viscoelastic agents and surgical implants. Other potential applications include controlled release of drugs and growth factors, gene therapy, and tissue engineering. In the present study, in vitro biocompatibility of three biodegradable polymers, 50:50 PDLGA, 85:15 PDLGA, and Inion GTR membrane was evaluated in comparison to tissue culture polystyrene by investigating cell proliferation and potential acute toxicity by the WST-1 cytotoxicity/cell proliferation test, the ATP test, and the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) test. Evaluations were conducted with cell line cultures from various ocular tissues, human corneal epithelial cells (HCE), rabbit stromal fibroblasts (SIRC), bovine corneal endothelial cells (BCE), human conjunctival epithelial cells (IOBA-NHC), and human retinal pigment epithelial cells (ARPE-19) by direct contact studies by plating the cells on the polymer film specimens in 96-wells. The proliferation results show that cell lines from various ocular tissues attached and grew on PDLGA 50:50, PDLGA 85:15, and Inion GTR membrane. Cytotoxicity experiments with the LDH and ATP tests showed no or extremely slight toxic adverse effects. These polymers have potential to be used as scaffolds in cell transplantation devices or as surgical implants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Huhtala
- University of Tampere Medical School, and Department of Ophthalmology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Salminen A, Ilias M, Belogurov GA, Baykov AA, Lahti R, Young T. Two soluble pyrophosphatases in Vibrio cholerae: Transient redundancy or enduring cooperation? Biochemistry (Moscow) 2006; 71:978-82. [PMID: 17009951 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297906090057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Soluble pyrophosphatases (PPases), which are essential for cell life, comprise two evolutionarily unrelated families (I and II). Prokaryotic genomes generally contain a single PPase gene encoding either family I or family II enzyme. Surprisingly, four Vibrionales species, including the human pathogen Vibrio cholerae, contain PPase genes of both families. Here we show that both genes are transcriptionally active in V. cholerae, and encode functional PPases when expressed in Escherichia coli. In contrast, only the family I PPase protein is detected in V. cholerae under our experimental conditions. Phylogenetic analyses indicate that family II enzymes are not native to gamma-proteobacteria, but are of benefit to the marine species of this bacterial class. In this context, we favor the hypothesis that in the course of evolution, family II PPase was laterally transferred to the Vibrionales ancestor and partially degenerated due to functional redundancy, but nevertheless remained fixed as an adjunct to the family I enzyme.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Salminen
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Suuronen T, Nuutinen T, Huuskonen J, Ojala J, Thornell A, Salminen A. Anti-inflammatory effect of selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) in microglial cells. Inflamm Res 2005; 54:194-203. [PMID: 15953991 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-005-1343-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Our aim was to study how different SERMs modulate the inflammatory responses induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or unmethylated CpG-oligonucleotides in mouse and rat microglial cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS Inflammatory responses of mouse N9 microglial cells and rat primary hippocampal microglia to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) exposure were recorded by the secretion of nitric oxide (NO) and cytokine IL-6 in two models where SERM was added either 24 h before LPS addition or simultaneously or even after the LPS exposure. The responses of 17beta-estradiol, tamoxifen, raloxifene and ICI 182.780 were compared. Responses were recorded by ELISA, Northern and EMSA assays. RESULTS SERMs but not 17beta-estradiol induced a significant, concentration-dependent anti-inflammatory response both in rat primary microglial cells and in mouse N9 microglial cells. The response was observed both in NO and IL-6 secretion as well as in total IL-6 mRNA expression. We have recently observed that histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors can potentiate the LPS-induced inflammatory response. Raloxifene and tamoxifen inhibited the potentiation of LPS response induced by trichostatin A, an HDAC inhibitor, in N9 microglia. A SERM-induced anti-inflammatory response was observed in acute models where SERM was added simultaneously or even up to 6 h later than LPS exposure. In contrast, the pretreatment of N9 microglia with tamoxifen or raloxifene for 30 h before LPS exposure did not provide any protection against the LPS response. We also observed that the raloxifene-induced protection in N9 microglia was connected to a decline of LPS-induced DNA binding activity of AP-1 but not that of NF-kappaB transcription factors. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that tamoxifen, raloxifene and ICI 182.780 induce an anti-inflammatory response in acute models of mouse and rat microglial cells. It seems that this response is not estrogen receptor-mediated but, probably, is attributable to some SERM-induced modulation of LPS-activated pro-inflammatory signalling cascades.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Suuronen
- Department of Neuroscience and Neurology, University of Kuopio, PO Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Abstract
Lysosomal changes of mouse skeletal muscle during the repair of exercise injuries were studied with biochemical, histochemical, and electron microscopic methods. Treadmill running for 4 hours and 9 hours increased the activities of cathepsin C and beta-glucuronidase, but not that of beta-glycerophosphatase in mouse quadriceps femoris muscle. The highest activities occurred 3 days after exertion and were higher after the longer duration of exertion. Similar changes that were highly correlated with the activities of lysosomal enzymes occurred in the activities of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase and in the concentration of DNA. The activities of lysosomal enzymes correlated significantly with the severity of histopathologic injuries. Histochemical stainings of beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase and beta-glucuronidase showed a strong increase in the staining intensity 3 and 5 days after exertion, both in inflammatory phagocytes and in surviving muscle fibers in the injured area, and staining intensities increased in parallel with the severity of injuries. Electron microscopy showed an increased number of autophagic vacuoles, lysosome-like bodies, and Golgi complexes in the fibers adjacent to necrotic foci, coinciding with the highest histochemical staining pattern. Lysosomal changes in surviving muscle fibers in close proximity to injured muscle fibers could, by autophagic degradation, provide structural elements for the regeneration of injured muscle fibers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Salminen
- Muscle Research Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Valleala H, Hanemaaijer R, Mandelin J, Salminen A, Teronen O, Mönkkönen J, Konttinen YT. Regulation of MMP-9 (gelatinase B) in activated human monocyte/macrophages by two different types of bisphosphonates. Life Sci 2003; 73:2413-20. [PMID: 12954450 DOI: 10.1016/s0024-3205(03)00657-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Metalloproteinases (MMP), particularly MMP-9 produced by the intratumor monocyte/macrophages, play an important role in tumor invasion and metastases. Recent clinical trials in patients with primary breast cancer suggest that bisphosphonates (BP), above all clodronate, may reduce bone metastases. The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether the effects of BPs on cancer dissemination include inhibition of MMP-9 production in human monocyte/macrophages. The effects of clodronate and pamidronate on the MMP-9 expression in and secretion from stimulated human monocyte/macrophages were measured using quantitative reverse transcriptase - polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and enzyme-linked immunoadsorbent assay (ELISA), respectively. The MMP-9 mRNA levels remained relatively stable in the presence of clodronate. In contrast, pamidronate at 30 microM-300 microM increased the mRNA levels 5- to 10-fold. MMP-9 secretion was dose-dependently down-regulated by clodronate whereas pamidronate at 30 microM induced a 50% increase on MMP-9 secretion (p < 0.05), followed by a down-regulation at higher concentrations. The results suggest that MMP-9 is differentially regulated at mRNA and enzyme protein level by BPs, which affect ATP-dependent intracellular enzymes (clodronate) or post-translational modification of GTPases (pamidronate). These findings may have implications for the therapeutic use of these compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Valleala
- Department of Medicine, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Kasarmikatu 11-13 FIN-00130, Helsinki, Finland.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Kyrylenko S, Kyrylenko O, Suuronen T, Salminen A. Differential regulation of the Sir2 histone deacetylase gene family by inhibitors of class I and II histone deacetylases. Cell Mol Life Sci 2003; 60:1990-7. [PMID: 14523559 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-003-3090-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The Sir2 histone deacetylase gene family consists of seven mammalian sirtuins (SIRTs) which are NAD-dependent histone/protein deacetylases. Sir2 proteins regulate, for instance, genome stability by chromatin silencing in yeast. In mammals, their function is still largely unknown. Due to the NAD+ dependency, Sir2 might be the link between metabolic activity and histone/protein acetylation. Regulation of gene expression also seems to play an important role in Sir2 functions, since increasing the dosage of Sir2 genes increases genome stability in yeast and Caenorhabditis elegans. We observed that the modification of histone/protein acetylation status by several class I and II histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors induces differential changes in gene expression profiles of seven SIRT mRNAs in cultured neuronal cells. SIRT2, SIRT4 and SIRT7 were upregulated, whereas SIRT1, SIRT5 and SIRT6 were downregulated by trichostatin A (TSA) and n-butyrate. The upregulation of SIRT mRNAs was inhibited by actinomycin D. Interestingly, the regulation of SIRT mRNAs was highly similar both in mouse Neuro-2a neuroblastoma cells and post-mitotic rat primary hippocampal and cerebellar granule neurons. Using a chromatin immunoprecipitation technique, we showed that the upregulation of SIRT2 expression with TSA is related to the hyperacetylation of DNA-bound histone H4 within the first 500 bp upstream of the transcription start site of the SIRT2 gene. Chemically different types of HDAC inhibitors, such as TSA, apicidin, SAHA, M344 and n-butyrate induced remarkably similar responses in SIRT1-7 mRNA expression patterns. Differential responses in SIRT mRNA expression profiles indicate that the expression of the Sir2 family of genes is selectively regulated and dependent on histone/protein acetylation status.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Kyrylenko
- Department of Neuroscience and Neurology, University of Kuopio, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Iivonen S, Hiltunen M, Alafuzoff I, Mannermaa A, Kerokoski P, Puoliväli J, Salminen A, Helisalmi S, Soininen H. Seladin-1 transcription is linked to neuronal degeneration in Alzheimer's disease. Neuroscience 2002; 113:301-10. [PMID: 12127087 DOI: 10.1016/s0306-4522(02)00180-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Seladin-1 is a gene recently shown to be down-regulated in brain regions selectively degenerated in Alzheimer's disease. The sequence of seladin-1 shares similarities with flavin-adenine-dinucleotide-dependent oxidoreductases and it has been found to protect cells from apoptotic cell death. In this work, we show that the transcription of seladin-1 is selectively down-regulated in the brain areas affected in Alzheimer's disease. The down-regulation in seladin-1 transcription was associated with hyperphosphorylated tau seen as linkage to immunohistochemically detected paired helical filament tau, neuritic plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. In contrast, no association was found between seladin-1 transcription and beta-amyloid deposition when analyzing human samples or tissue from transgenic animals. Furthermore, the relative transcription of seladin-1 was found to fluctuate during aging in the transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. The fluctuation was enhanced by Alzheimer's disease causing mutations in presenilin-1 and amyloid precursor protein genes. Finally, seladin-1 transcription was found to be up-regulated in mouse N2a cells induced to undergo apoptosis with okadaic acid. The results presented here indicate that seladin-1 transcription is selectively down-regulated in brain regions vulnerable to Alzheimer's disease and this down-regulation is associated with the hyperphosphorylation of tau protein.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Iivonen
- Department of Neuroscience and Neurology, University Hospital and University of Kuopio, P.O. Box 1627, FIN-70211, Kuopio, Finland.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Kuusisto E, Salminen A, Alafuzoff I. Early accumulation of p62 in neurofibrillary tangles in Alzheimer's disease: possible role in tangle formation. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2002; 28:228-37. [PMID: 12060347 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2990.2002.00394.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) and neuritic plaques (NPs) are two major histopathological lesions in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Although their aetiological relationship is unclear, both NFTs and dystrophic neurites of NPs display immunoreactivity for ubiquitin. This suggests that dysfunction in ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis and the resulting accumulation of ubiquitin-conjugated proteins may contribute to the origination of dystrophic neurites and NFTs. We recently discovered a novel constituent of neuropathological protein aggregates, ubiquitin-binding protein p62, with evidence that the accumulation of ubiquitin-conjugated proteins and p62 into cytoplasmic inclusions might be interconnected. In the present work we examined in detail the role of p62 in AD-type pathology, i.e. NFTs, NPs and neuropil threads. Using immunohistochemistry for p62, ubiquitin and hyperphosphorylated tau, we analysed parietal cortical samples of 15 clinicopathologically verified AD cases and nine nondemented aged subjects with abundant NPs. We found that p62 immunoreactivity appears early during neurofibrillary pathogenesis and is invariably and stably present in NFTs. In contrast, p62 was absent or barely detectable in neuropil threads. Furthermore, NP-associated dystrophic neurites were generally devoid of p62, regardless of their content of hyperphosphorylated tau and/or ubiquitin. The results suggest that early involvement of p62 might be critical in the aggregation of hyperphosphorylated tau into perikaryal aggregates, i.e. NFTs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Kuusisto
- Department of Neuroscience and Neurology, University of Kuopio, Kuopio, Finland
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Kaarniranta K, Oksala N, Karjalainen HM, Suuronen T, Sistonen L, Helminen HJ, Salminen A, Lammi MJ. Neuronal cells show regulatory differences in the hsp70 gene response. Brain Res Mol Brain Res 2002; 101:136-40. [PMID: 12007842 DOI: 10.1016/s0169-328x(02)00179-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of heat shock proteins (Hsps), encoded by heat shock genes, is increased in response to various stress stimuli. Hsps function as molecular chaperones, they dissociate cytotoxic stress-induced protein aggregates within cells and ensure improved survival. Induction of heat shock genes is mainly regulated at the transcriptional level. The stress responsive transcription factor, heat shock factor 1 (HSF1), is involved in the transcriptional induction of the heat shock genes. Our objective was to examine how hsp70 genes are regulated in different transformed and primary neurons upon exposure to elevated temperature. Our findings reveal that the Hsp70 response is regulated at the translational level in Neuro-2a neuroblastoma cells, while the IMR-32 neuroblastoma cells respond to stress by the classical HSF1-driven transcriptional regulatory mechanism. Primary rat hippocampal neurons show a lack of HSF1 and induction of the hsp70 gene. These observations suggest that neuronal cells display different hsp70 gene expression patterns which range from undetected response to transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulation during heat stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Kaarniranta
- Department of Anatomy, University of Kuopio, P.O. Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Abstract
We examined the immunoreactivity of ubiquitin-binding protein p62 and its association with ubiquitin (Ub), alpha-synuclein, and paired helical filament (PHF)-tau in the affected brain areas of human tauopathies and synucleinopathies. Ubiquitin-binding protein p62 is a widely expressed protein that can bind to Ub noncovalently and is involved in several signalling pathways, making p62 a candidate regulator of Ub-mediated proteolysis. We show that p62 immunoreactivity co-localizes with neuronal and glial Ub-containing inclusions in Alzheimer's disease, Pick's disease, dementia with Lewy bodies, Parkinson's disease, and multiple system atrophy. This is the first demonstration of a common protein component, apart from Ub, that is present in both PHF-tau and alpha-synuclein inclusions. In both tauo- and synucleinopathies, the staining patterns for p62 and Ub were markedly similar, suggesting that a common mechanism which requires interaction of p62 and Ub contributes to the formation of PHF-tau and alpha-synuclein inclusions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Kuusisto
- 1Department of Neuroscience and Neurology, Section of Neuropathology, University of Kuopio, P.O. Box 1627, FIN-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Parfenyev AN, Salminen A, Halonen P, Hachimori A, Baykov AA, Lahti R. Quaternary structure and metal ion requirement of family II pyrophosphatases from Bacillus subtilis, Streptococcus gordonii, and Streptococcus mutans. J Biol Chem 2001; 276:24511-8. [PMID: 11342544 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m101829200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyrophosphatase (PPase) from Bacillus subtilis has recently been found to be the first example of a family II soluble PPase with a unique requirement for Mn2+. In the present work, we cloned and overexpressed in Escherichia coli putative genes for two more family II PPases (from Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus gordonii), isolated the recombinant proteins, and showed them to be highly specific and active PPases (catalytic constants of 1700-3300 s(-)1 at 25 degrees C in comparison with 200-400 s(-)1 for family I). All three family II PPases were found to be dimeric manganese metalloenzymes, dissociating into much less active monomers upon removal of Mn2+. The dimers were found to have one high affinity manganese-specific site (K(d) of 0.2-3 nm for Mn2+ and 10-80 microm for Mg2+) and two or three moderate affinity sites (K(d) approximately 1 mm for both cations) per subunit. Mn2+ binding to the high affinity site, which occurs with a half-time of less than 10 s at 1.5 mm Mn2+, dramatically shifts the monomer <--> dimer equilibrium in the direction of the dimer, further activates the dimer, and allows substantial activity (60-180 s(-)1) against calcium pyrophosphate, a potent inhibitor of family I PPases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A N Parfenyev
- A. N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology and School of Chemistry, Moscow State University, Moscow 119899, Russia
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Hyytiä T, Halonen P, Salminen A, Goldman A, Lahti R, Cooperman BS. Ligand binding sites in Escherichia coli inorganic pyrophosphatase: effects of active site mutations. Biochemistry 2001; 40:4645-53. [PMID: 11294631 DOI: 10.1021/bi010049x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Type I soluble inorganic pyrophosphatases (PPases) are well characterized both structurally and mechanistically. Earlier we measured the effects of active site substitutions on pH--rate profiles for the type I PPases from both Escherichia coli (E-PPase) and Saccharomyces cerevisae (Y-PPase). Here we extend these studies by measuring the effects of such substitutions on the more discrete steps of ligand binding to E-PPase, including (a) Mg(2+) and Mn(2+) binding in the absence of added ligand; (b) Mg(2+) binding in the presence of either P(i) or hydroxymethylbisphosphonate (HMBP), a competitive inhibitor of E-PPase; and (c) P(i) binding in the presence of Mn(2+). The active site of a type I PPase has well-defined subsites for the binding of four divalent metal ions (M1--M4) and two phosphates (P1, P2). Our results, considered in light of pertinent results from crystallographic studies on both E-PPase and Y-PPase and parallel functional studies on Y-PPase, allow us to conclude the following: (a) residues E20, D65, D70, and K142 play key roles in the functional organization of the active site; (b) the major structural differences between the product and substrate complexes of E-PPase are concentrated in the lower half of the active site; (c) the M1 subsite is functionally isolated from the rest of the active site; and (d) the M4 subsite is an especially unconstrained part of the active site.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Hyytiä
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Merckel MC, Fabrichniy IP, Salminen A, Kalkkinen N, Baykov AA, Lahti R, Goldman A. Crystal structure of Streptococcus mutans pyrophosphatase: a new fold for an old mechanism. Structure 2001; 9:289-97. [PMID: 11525166 DOI: 10.1016/s0969-2126(01)00587-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Streptococcus mutans pyrophosphatase (Sm-PPase) is a member of a relatively uncommon but widely dispersed sequence family (family II) of inorganic pyrophosphatases. A structure will answer two main questions: is it structurally similar to the family I PPases, and is the mechanism similar? RESULTS The first family II PPase structure, that of homodimeric Sm-PPase complexed with metal and sulfate ions, has been solved by X-ray crystallography at 2.2 A resolution. The tertiary fold of Sm-PPase consists of a 189 residue alpha/beta N-terminal domain and a 114 residue mixed beta sheet C-terminal domain and bears no resemblance to family I PPase, even though the arrangement of active site ligands and the residues that bind them shows significant similarity. The preference for Mn2+ over Mg2+ in family II PPases is explained by the histidine ligands and bidentate carboxylate coordination. The active site is located at the domain interface. The C-terminal domain is hinged to the N-terminal domain and exists in both closed and open conformations. CONCLUSIONS The active site similiarities, including a water coordinated to two metal ions, suggest that the family II PPase mechanism is "analogous" (not "homologous") to that of family I PPases. This is a remarkable example of convergent evolution. The large change in C-terminal conformation suggests that domain closure might be the mechanism by which Sm-PPase achieves specificity for pyrophosphate over other polyphosphates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M C Merckel
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Kerokoski P, Suuronen T, Salminen A, Soininen H, Pirttilä T. The levels of cdk5 and p35 proteins and tau phosphorylation are reduced during neuronal apoptosis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2001; 280:998-1002. [PMID: 11162625 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.2001.4240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (cdk5) is believed to be involved in the phosphorylation of tau protein. We studied the expression of the protein levels of cdk5 and the neuron-specific cdk5 activator p35 as well as cdk5 activity and tau phosphorylation during apoptosis in rat hippocampal neuronal cultures. We observed that in cells treated with etoposide, cyclosporin A, 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE), or okadaic acid, there was an early reduction in the protein levels of p35, and later also in cdk5 with all treatments except etoposide. The level of p25, a calpain cleavage product of p35 suggested to have increased ability to activate cdk5, was reduced paralleling the amount of p35. The changes in the p35 and p25 protein levels coincided with decreases in cdk5 activity and tau phosphorylation after treatment with HNE and etoposide. However, the relationship between the p35 and p25 levels and cdk5 activity was complex. We conclude that neuronal apoptosis is accompanied with a decrease in the levels of p35, p25, and cdk5, and tau phosphorylation. These changes may reinforce the neuronal damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Kerokoski
- Department of Neuroscience and Neurology, University of Kuopio, Kuopio, Finland.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Helenius M, Kyrylenko S, Vehviläinen P, Salminen A. Characterization of aging-associated up-regulation of constitutive nuclear factor-kappa B binding activity. Antioxid Redox Signal 2001; 3:147-56. [PMID: 11291593 DOI: 10.1089/152308601750100669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Changes occur in gene expression during aging in vivo and in replicative senescence in vitro, suggesting that aging can affect gene regulation. We have recently observed age-related changes in ubiquitously expressed, oxidative stress-responsive nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappa B) pathway during aging. Here we report a significant age-related increase in nuclear NF-kappa B binding activity together with increased protein levels of p52 and p65 components in rat liver. An additional, higher molecular weight protein band seen in their western blots suggests that their post-translational modification (but not phosphorylation) occurs in liver, which might affect their nuclear localization and binding activity during aging. However, aging did not affect the protein levels of the main I kappa B inhibitors (I kappa B alpha and I kappa B beta) or I kappa B kinase (IKK)-complex subunits (IKK alpha, -beta, and -gamma) involved in NF-kappa B activation. In addition, the level of Ser32-phosphorylated I kappa B alpha was unaffected by age, suggesting that neither the IKK complex nor altered level of the main inhibitors is involved in the observed up-regulation of NF-kappa B binding activity. Furthermore, the expression of NF-kappa B mRNAs (p50, p52, p65, and c-rel) and the mRNAs of their inhibitors (I kappa B alpha and I kappa B beta) did not show any statistically significant age-related changes. These results indicate that the expression level of NF-kappa B genes is not significantly affected by aging. The up-regulation of constitutive nuclear NF-kappa B binding activity and increased levels of nuclear p52 and p65 proteins might affect the expression of some NF-kappa B target genes in the aging liver.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Helenius
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FIN-40351 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Kuusisto E, Suuronen T, Salminen A. Ubiquitin-binding protein p62 expression is induced during apoptosis and proteasomal inhibition in neuronal cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2001; 280:223-8. [PMID: 11162503 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.2000.4107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Neuronal apoptosis is involved in several pathological conditions of the brain. Using cDNA arrays, we observed upregulation of ubiquitin-binding protein p62 expression during serum withdrawal-induced apoptosis in Neuro-2a cells. We demonstrate here that the expression levels of p62 mRNA and protein were increased in Neuro-2a cells and cultured rat hippocampal neurons by different types of proapoptotic treatments, including serum deprivation, okadaic acid, etoposide, and trichostatin A. Ubiquitin-binding protein p62 is a widely expressed cytoplasmic protein of unclear function. The ability of p62 to bind noncovalently to ubiquitin and to several signalling proteins suggests that p62 may play a regulatory role connected to the ubiquitin system. Accordingly, we show that proteasomal inhibitors MG-132, lactacystin, and PSI caused a prominent upregulation of p62 mRNA and protein expression, with a concomitant increase in ubiquitinated proteins. To conclude, p62 upregulation appears to be a common event in neuronal apoptosis. Results also suggest that the induction of p62 expression by proteasomal inhibitors may be a response to elevated levels of ubiquitinated proteins, possibly constituting a protective mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Kuusisto
- Department of Neuroscience and Neurology, University of Kuopio, FIN-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Roschier M, Kuusisto E, Suuronen T, Korhonen P, Kyrylenko S, Salminen A. Insulin-like growth factor binding protein 5 and type-1 insulin-like growth factor receptor are differentially regulated during apoptosis in cerebellar granule cells. J Neurochem 2001; 76:11-20. [PMID: 11145973 DOI: 10.1046/j.1471-4159.2001.00002.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Neuronal apoptosis is considered to play a significant role in several neuropathological conditions. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying neuronal apoptosis are poorly understood. Insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signalling is considered to be an important regulator of neuronal differentiation, survival and apoptosis. We have examined the expression of two members of the IGF system, insulin-like growth factor binding protein 5 (IGFBP-5) and the type-1 IGF receptor (IGF1R), during apoptosis of rat cerebellar granule cells (CGCs) in vitro. We describe a prominent downregulation of IGFBP-5 mRNA and protein expression. We also show that IGF-I increases IGFBP-5 expression in CGCs and that the downregulation of IGFBP-5 mRNA can be suppressed by inhibiting mRNA synthesis with actinomycin D. The expression of IGF1R mRNA showed a transient upregulation during potassium chloride (KCl) deprivation induced apoptosis, in contrast to the IGF1R protein level, which was downregulated during KCl deprivation. Our results provide insight into the expression of IGF-related genes during neuronal apoptosis, and indicate that they mediate a protective response to the withdrawal of trophic stimulation. It seems that the expression of IGFBP-5 and IGF1R is regulated to maximize the availability of IGF and the activity of IGF-triggered survival signalling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Roschier
- Department of Neuroscience and Neurology, University of Kuopio, Kuopio, Finland
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Vartiainen N, Huang CY, Salminen A, Goldsteins G, Chan PH, Koistinaho J. Piroxicam and NS-398 rescue neurones from hypoxia/reoxygenation damage by a mechanism independent of cyclo-oxygenase inhibition. J Neurochem 2001; 76:480-9. [PMID: 11208911 DOI: 10.1046/j.1471-4159.2001.00065.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
We studied whether NS-398, a selective cyclo-oxygenase-2 (COX-2) enzyme inhibitor, and piroxicam, an inhibitor of COX-2 and the constitutively expressed COX-1, protect neurones against hypoxia/reoxygenation injury. Rat spinal cord cultures were exposed to hypoxia for 20 h followed by reoxygenation. Hypoxia/reoxygenation increased lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release, which was inhibited by piroxicam (180-270 microM) and NS-398 (30 microM). Cell counts confirmed the neuroprotection. Western blotting revealed no COX-1 or COX-2 proteins even after hypoxia/reoxygenation. Production of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), a marker of COX activity, was barely measurable and piroxicam and NS-398 had no effect on the negligible PGE2 production. Hypoxia/reoxygenation increased nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappaB) binding activity, which was inhibited by piroxicam but not by NS-398. AP-1 binding activity after hypoxia/reoxygenation was inhibited by piroxicam but strongly enhanced by NS-398. However, both COX inhibitors induced activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) in neurones and phosphorylation of heavy molecular weight neurofilaments, cytoskeletal substrates of ERK. It is concluded that piroxicam and NS-398 protect neurones against hypoxia/reperfusion. The protection is independent of COX activity and not solely explained by modulation of NF-kappaB and AP-1 binding activity. Instead, piroxicam and NS-398-induced phosphorylation through ERK pathway may contribute to the increased neuronal survival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N Vartiainen
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Kuopio, Finland
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Bezvenyuk Z, Suuronen T, Salminen A, Solovyan V. Protective effect of suramin against cell death in rat cerebellar granular neurons and mouse neuroblastoma cells. Neurosci Lett 2000; 292:111-4. [PMID: 10998561 DOI: 10.1016/s0304-3940(00)01453-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In this report, we examined the effect of suramin on the cell death induced by glutamate in cerebellar granule neurons or by staurosporine in NB-2a neuroblastoma cells. Excitotoxicity induced by glutamate was associated with an extensive chromatin condensation, nuclear fragmentation and disintegration of nuclear DNA into the high molecular weight (HMW)-DNA fragments of about 50-100 kb without formation of an oligonucleosomal DNA ladder or caspase activation. Staurosporine-induced cytotoxicity was accompanied by the activation of caspase 3-like protease(s) and disintegration of nuclear DNA into the HMW- and oligonucleosomal DNA fragments. Suramin (100 microM) effectively protected both cultured cerebellar neurons and NB-2a cells against cell death, which appeared as the inhibition of caspase 3-like activity in NB-2a cells, abrogation of both HMW- and internucleosomal DNA fragmentation and maintaining the nuclear morphology indistinguishable of the control cells. Eventually, suramin lead to the marked increase in the cell viability of both cerebellar neurons and NB-2a neuroblastoma cells challenged with glutamate and staurosporine, respectively. We suggest that the novel, neuroprotective activity of suramin may have a therapeutic value in several neuropathological paradigms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Z Bezvenyuk
- Department of Neuroscience and Neurology, University of Kuopio, P.O. Box 1627, FIN-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Bezvenyuk Z, Salminen A, Solovyan V. Excision of DNA loop domains as a common step in caspase-dependent and -independent types of neuronal cell death. Brain Res Mol Brain Res 2000; 81:191-6. [PMID: 11000492 DOI: 10.1016/s0169-328x(00)00174-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Treatment of rat cerebellar granule neurons with the phosphatase inhibitor, okadaic acid (OKA) or the excitatory neurotransmitter, L-glutamate, resulted in progressive cell death associated with apoptotic-like changes in nuclear morphology. The OKA-induced neurotoxicity was accompanied by the activation of caspase-3 (ICE-related cysteine protease) and the development of an oligonucleosomal DNA ladder, whereas neither activation of caspase-1, -2, -3, -5, or -9, nor internucleosomal DNA fragmentation accompanied L-glutamate-induced neurotoxicity. At the same time, both OKA and L-glutamate induced a similar pattern of nuclear DNA disintegration into high molecular weight (HMW)-DNA fragments of about 50-100 kb, which are widely believed to originate from the excision of DNA loop domains. Z-DEVD-fmk, a specific caspase-3 inhibitor, as well as a general caspase inhibitor, z-VAD-fmk, inhibited both the internucleosomal- and HMW-DNA fragmentation in OKA-treated neurons. However neither z-DEVD-fmk nor z-VAD-fmk had any obvious inhibitory effect on the formation of HMW-DNA fragments induced by L-glutamate. The results indicate that the formation of the HMW-DNA fragments in cerebellar granule neurons accompanies both caspase-dependent and -independent types of cell death, indicative of multiple mechanisms in the regulation of excision of DNA loop domains during neuronal cell death.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Z Bezvenyuk
- Department of Neuroscience and Neurology, University of Kuopio, Kuopio, Finland
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Kyrylenko S, Korhonen P, Kyrylenko O, Roschier M, Salminen A. Expression of transcriptional repressor proteins mSin3A and 3B during aging and replicative senescence. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2000; 275:455-9. [PMID: 10964686 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.2000.3325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Sin3 proteins have a key role in transcriptional repression mediated by histone deacetylation. Mammalian Sin3 proteins, mSin3A and 3B, act as adapter molecules which bind both to repressive transcription factors and to the methyl-CpG-binding proteins (MeCPs) and recruit histone deacetylases to assemble a multiprotein repressor complex. We have recently observed (Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 252, 274-277, 1998) that the expression of mSin3A but not mSin3B protein is induced during neuronal apoptosis. The purpose of this study was to find out whether aging and replicative senescence affect the expression levels of mSin3A and 3B repressor proteins. We studied the expression levels of mSin3A and 3B mRNAs and proteins both in replicative senescence model of WI-38 fibroblasts and in liver and brain tissues of young (4-6 months) and old (26-30 months) male Wistar rats. Replicative senescence of human WI-38 fibroblasts did not affect the expression levels of mSin3A and 3B mRNAs. However, the late passage WI-38 fibroblasts showed a significant decline in the expression level of mSin3A protein. Immortalization of WI-38 fibroblasts with SV-40 transformation increased the expression level of 6.0 kb mSin3A mRNA. Aging of Wistar rats did not affect the expression levels of either mSin3A or mSin3B mRNAs in the liver and frontal cortex. Similarly, the protein levels of mSin3A and 3B were unaffected in the hippocampus, cerebellum and liver tissues during aging. These results show that aging in vivo, in contrast to replicative senescence, does not affect the expression levels of mSin3A and 3B repressor proteins. However, this does not exclude the possible age-related functional changes mediated by mSin3-histone deacetylase complexes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Kyrylenko
- Department of Neuroscience and Neurology, University of Kuopio, Kuopio, FIN-70211, Finland
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Paloneva J, Kestilä M, Wu J, Salminen A, Böhling T, Ruotsalainen V, Hakola P, Bakker AB, Phillips JH, Pekkarinen P, Lanier LL, Timonen T, Peltonen L. Loss-of-function mutations in TYROBP (DAP12) result in a presenile dementia with bone cysts. Nat Genet 2000; 25:357-61. [PMID: 10888890 DOI: 10.1038/77153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 337] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Polycystic lipomembranous osteodysplasia with sclerosing leukoencephalopathy (PLOSL; MIM 221770), also known as Nasu-Hakola disease, is a recessively inherited disease characterized by a combination of psychotic symptoms rapidly progressing to presenile dementia and bone cysts restricted to wrists and ankles. PLOSL has a global distribution, although most of the patients have been diagnosed in Finland and Japan, with an estimated population prevalence of 2x10-6 (ref. 2) in the Finns. We have previously identified a shared 153-kb ancestor haplotype in all Finnish disease alleles between markers D19S1175 and D19S608 on chromosome 19q13.1 (refs 5,6). Here we characterize the molecular defect in PLOSL by identifying one large deletion in all Finnish PLOSL alleles and another mutation in a Japanese patient, both representing loss-of-function mutations, in the gene encoding TYRO protein tyrosine kinase binding protein (TYROBP; formerly DAP12). TYROBP is a transmembrane protein that has been recognized as a key activating signal transduction element in natural killer (NK) cells. On the plasma membrane of NK cells, TYROBP associates with activating receptors recognizing major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules. No abnormalities in NK cell function were detected in PLOSL patients homozygous for a null allele of TYROBP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Paloneva
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics, National Public Health Institute, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|